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[ "2011年12月2日大会决议", "[根据第一委员会的报告(A/66/413)通过]", "66/54. 联合国和平、裁军与发展拉丁美洲和加勒比区域中心", "大会，", "回顾其关于总部设在利马的联合国和平、裁军与发展拉丁美洲和加勒比区域中心的1986年12月3日第41/6J号、1987年11月30日第42/39K号和1988年12月7日第43/76H号决议，", "又回顾其1991年12月9日第46/37F号、1993年12月16日第48/76E号、1994年12月15日第49/76D号、1995年12月12日第50/71C号、1997年12月22日第52/220号、1998年12月4日第53/78F号、1999年12月1日第54/55F号、2000年11月20日第55/34E号、2001年11月29日第56/25E号、2002年11月22日第57/89号、2003年12月8日第58/60号、2004年12月3日第59/99号、2005年12月8日第60/84号、2006年12月6日第61/92号、2007年12月5日第62/49号、2008年12月2日第63/74号、2009年12月2日第64/60号和2010年12月8日第65/79号决议，", "确认区域中心继续为实施各项区域和次区域倡议提供实质性支助，加强了它在协调联合国争取实现和平与裁军及推动经济和社会发展工作方面的贡献，", "重申区域中心的任务是应区域各成员国要求，为其执行和平与裁军措施以及促进经济社会发展的各项举措和其他活动提供实质性支助，", "注意到秘书长的报告，[1] 并表示赞赏区域中心向该区域许多国家提供包括能力建设、技术援助方案以及外联活动在内的重要协助，以便从军备控制的观点出发制定减少和预防武装暴力的计划，推动执行各项有关协定和条约，并采取能力建设举措，以加强执法人员打击非法贩运火器行为方面的努力，", "欢迎区域中心支持成员国履行裁军和不扩散文书，", "强调区域中心有必要根据其任务，以全面和平衡的方式，制定并加强其各项活动和方案，", "欢迎区域中心不断支持成员国执行《从各个方面防止、打击和消除小武器和轻武器非法贸易的行动纲领》，[2]", "又欢迎区域中心根据大会2010年12月8日第65/69号决议有关在促进裁军、不扩散和军备控制方面努力落实性别平等主流化的呼吁，专门为妇女举办首期培训班的举措，", "回顾大会2004年12月3日第59/78号决议提到的裁军和发展之间关系政府专家组的报告，[3] 该报告极其有助于区域中心发挥作用推动在本区域处理这一问题，从而履行其促进与和平及裁军有关的经济和社会发展的任务，", "注意到在拉丁美洲和加勒比地区，安全与裁军问题一直被认为是重要问题，该区域是世界上第一个宣布为无核武器区的有人居住区域，", "强调区域中心为加强《拉丁美洲和加勒比禁止核武器条约》(《特拉特洛尔科条约》)[4] 设立的无核武器区继续提供支持，以及继续努力促进和平与裁军教育至关重要，", "铭记区域中心在促进区域一级的建立信任措施、军备控制和限制、裁军和发展方面的重要作用，", "又铭记有关和平、裁军与发展的信息、研究、教育和培训对于实现各国之间的理解与合作至关重要，", "1. 重申坚决支持联合国和平、裁军与发展拉丁美洲和加勒比区域中心发挥作用，促进联合国在区域和次区域两级开展活动，加强会员国之间的和平、裁军、稳定、安全与发展；", "2. 对区域中心去年开展的活动表示满意，并请区域中心继续考虑区域内各国将提出的在区域和次区域两级推动包括建立信任措施、军备控制和限制、透明度、减少和预防武装暴力、裁军与发展在内的各项提案；", "3. 感谢为区域中心提供的政治支持和财政捐助，这对其继续运作至关重要；", "4. 呼吁各会员国，特别是拉丁美洲和加勒比区域的会员国，以及国际政府和非政府组织和基金会提供和增加自愿捐助，以加强该区域中心、其活动方案及其方案的执行；", "5. 邀请该区域所有国家继续参加区域中心的各项活动，提出供列入其活动方案的项目，并更多、更好地利用中心的潜力以迎接国际社会目前面临的种种挑战，以期实现《联合国宪章》在和平、裁军与发展领域的各项目标；", "6. 认识到区域中心对于推动和发展拉丁美洲和加勒比国家在大规模毁灭性武器、特别是核武器领域及包括小武器和轻武器在内的常规武器领域以及在裁军与发展之间关系方面商定的各项区域和次区域倡议具有重要作用；", "7. 鼓励区域中心在该地区所有国家就和平、裁军与发展重要领域进一步开展活动；", "8. 请秘书长向大会第六十七届会议报告本决议的执行情况；", "9. 决定将题为“联合国和平、裁军与发展拉丁美洲和加勒比区域中心”的分项目列入大会第六十七届会议临时议程。", "2011年12月2日", "第71次全体会议", "[1] A/66/140。", "[2] 见《联合国小武器和轻武器非法贸易各方面问题大会的报告，2001年7月9日至20日，纽约》(A/CONF.192/15)，第四章，第24段。", "[3] 见A/59/119。", "[4] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第634卷，第9068号。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 2 December 2011", "[on the report of the First Committee (A/66/413)]", "66/54. United Nations Regional Centre for Peace, Disarmament and Development in Latin America and the Caribbean", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 41/60 J of 3 December 1986, 42/39 K of 30 November 1987 and 43/76 H of 7 December 1988 on the United Nations Regional Centre for Peace, Disarmament and Development in Latin America and the Caribbean, with headquarters in Lima,", "Recalling also its resolutions 46/37 F of 9 December 1991, 48/76 E of 16 December 1993, 49/76 D of 15 December 1994, 50/71 C of 12 December 1995, 52/220 of 22 December 1997, 53/78 F of 4 December 1998, 54/55 F of 1 December 1999, 55/34 E of 20 November 2000, 56/25 E of 29 November 2001, 57/89 of 22 November 2002, 58/60 of 8 December 2003, 59/99 of 3 December 2004, 60/84 of 8 December 2005, 61/92 of 6 December 2006, 62/49 of 5 December 2007, 63/74 of 2 December 2008, 64/60 of 2 December 2009 and 65/79 of 8 December 2010,", "Recognizing that the Regional Centre has continued to provide substantive support for the implementation of regional and subregional initiatives and has intensified its contribution to the coordination of United Nations efforts towards peace and disarmament and for the promotion of economic and social development,", "Reaffirming the mandate of the Regional Centre to provide, on request, substantive support for the initiatives and other activities of the Member States of the region for the implementation of measures for peace and disarmament and for the promotion of economic and social development,", "Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General,[1] and expressing its appreciation for the important assistance provided by the Regional Centre to many countries in the region, including through capacity-building and technical assistance programmes as well as outreach activities, for the development of plans to reduce and prevent armed violence from an arms control perspective, for promoting the implementation of relevant agreements and treaties and for capacity-building initiatives aimed at bolstering the efforts of the law enforcement community to combat illicit firearms trafficking,", "Welcoming the support provided by the Regional Centre to Member States in the implementation of disarmament and non-proliferation instruments,", "Emphasizing the need for the Regional Centre to develop and strengthen its activities and programmes in a comprehensive and balanced manner, in accordance with its mandate,", "Welcoming the ongoing support provided by the Regional Centre to Member States in the implementation of the Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects,[2]", "Welcoming also the initiative of the Regional Centre to conduct its first course specifically for women, in line with efforts to implement gender mainstreaming in promoting disarmament, non-proliferation and arms control, as called for in General Assembly resolution 65/69 of 8 December 2010,", "Recalling the report of the Group of Governmental Experts on the relationship between disarmament and development, referred to in General Assembly resolution 59/78 of 3 December 2004,[3] which is of utmost interest with regard to the role that the Regional Centre plays in promoting the issue in the region in pursuit of its mandate to promote economic and social development related to peace and disarmament,", "Noting that security and disarmament issues have always been recognized as significant topics in Latin America and the Caribbean, the first inhabited region in the world to be declared a nuclear-weapon-free zone,", "Emphasizing the importance of maintaining the support provided by the Regional Centre for strengthening the nuclear-weapon-free zone established by the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (Treaty of Tlatelolco),[4] and its efforts in promoting peace and disarmament education,", "Bearing in mind the important role of the Regional Centre in promoting confidence-building measures, arms control and limitation, disarmament and development at the regional level,", "Bearing in mind also the importance of information, research, education and training for peace, disarmament and development in order to achieve understanding and cooperation among States,", "1. Reiterates its strong support for the role of the United Nations Regional Centre for Peace, Disarmament and Development in Latin America and the Caribbean in the promotion of United Nations activities at the regional and subregional levels to strengthen peace, disarmament, stability, security and development among its member States;", "2. Expresses its satisfaction for the activities carried out in the past year by the Regional Centre, and requests the Centre to continue to take into account the proposals to be submitted by the countries of the region for the promotion of, inter alia, confidence-building measures, arms control and limitation, transparency, the reduction and prevention of armed violence, disarmament and development at the regional and subregional levels;", "3. Expresses its appreciation for the political support for and financial contributions to the Regional Centre, which are essential for its continued operation;", "4. Appeals to Member States, in particular those within the Latin American and Caribbean region, and to international governmental and non-governmental organizations and foundations to make and to increase voluntary contributions in order to strengthen the Regional Centre, its programme of activities and the implementation thereof;", "5. Invites all States of the region to continue to take part in the activities of the Regional Centre, proposing items for inclusion in its programme of activities and making greater and better use of the potential of the Centre to meet the current challenges facing the international community, with a view to fulfilling the aims of the Charter of the United Nations in the areas of peace, disarmament and development;", "6. Recognizes that the Regional Centre has an important role in the promotion and development of regional and subregional initiatives agreed upon by the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean in the field of weapons of mass destruction, in particular nuclear weapons, and conventional arms, including small arms and light weapons, as well as in the relationship between disarmament and development;", "7. Encourages the Regional Centre to further develop activities in all countries of the region in the important areas of peace, disarmament and development;", "8. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the implementation of the present resolution;", "9. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the sub-item entitled “United Nations Regional Centre for Peace, Disarmament and Development in Latin America and the Caribbean”.", "71st plenary meeting 2 December 2011", "[1]  A/66/140.", "[2]  See Report of the United Nations Conference on the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects, New York, 9–20 July 2001 (A/CONF.192/15), chap. IV, para. 24.", "[3]  See A/59/119.", "[4]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 634, No. 9068." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 2 December 2011", "[on the report of the First Committee (A/64/413)]", "United Nations Regional Centre for Peace, Disarmament and Development in Latin America and the Caribbean", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 41/6J of 3 December 1986, 42/39K of 30 November 1987 and 43/76H of 7 December 1988 on the United Nations Regional Centre for Peace, Disarmament and Development in Latin America and the Caribbean, based in Lima,", "Recalling also its resolutions 46/37 F of 9 December 1991, 48/76E of 16 December 1993, 49/76D of 15 December 1994, 50/71 C of 12 December 1995, 52/220 of 22 December 1997, 53/78F of 4 December 1998, 54/55F of 1 December 1999, 55/34E of 20 November 2000, 56/25 of 29 November 2001, 59/78 of 22 December 2006, 62/60 of 8 December 2008, 61/92 of 8 December 2006, 63/79 of 12 December 2006, 62/74 of 8 December 2008, 61/92 of 8 December 2007, 63/79 of 12 December 2006, 62/74 of 12 December 2008, 61/89 of 8 December 2008, 59/92 of 22 November 2007,", "Recognizing that the Regional Centre continues to provide substantive support for the implementation of regional and subregional initiatives, and strengthening its contribution in coordinating the work of the United Nations towards peace and disarmament and economic and social development,", "Reaffirming that the regional centres are mandated to provide substantive support to initiatives and other activities aimed at implementing peace and disarmament measures and promoting economic and social development, at the request of regional member States,", "Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General, and expressing appreciation for the important assistance provided by the Regional Centre to many countries in the region, including capacity-building, technical assistance programmes and outreach activities, in order to develop plans to reduce and prevent armed violence from the perspective of arms control, to promote the implementation of agreements and treaties and to take capacity-building initiatives to strengthen efforts of law enforcement personnel in combating trafficking in firearms,", "Welcoming the regional centres' support for Member States in the implementation of disarmament and non-proliferation instruments,", "Emphasizing the need for regional centres to develop and strengthen their activities and programmes in a comprehensive and balanced manner, in accordance with their mandates,", "Welcoming the continuing support of the regional centres for the implementation of the Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects, [2]", "Also welcoming the initiative of the Regional Centre to organize the first training course for women, in accordance with General Assembly resolution 65/69 of 8 December 2010, on efforts to mainstream gender in the promotion of disarmament, non-proliferation and arms control,", "Recalling the report of the Group of Governmental Experts on the Relationship between Disarmament and Development, referred to in General Assembly resolution 59/78 of 3 December 2004, [3] which greatly contributes to the role of the Regional Centre in promoting the issue in the region, thereby fulfilling its mandate to promote and promote economic and social development related to peace and disarmament,", "Noting that, in Latin America and the Caribbean, security and disarmament have been seen as important issues, and that the region is the first region in which people who have declared nuclear-weapon-free zones,", "Emphasizing that the regional centres continue to provide support for the strengthening of the nuclear-weapon-free zone established by the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (Treaty of Tlatelolco) [4], as well as continued efforts to promote peace and disarmament education,", "Bearing in mind the important role of the regional centres in promoting confidence-building measures, arms control and limitations, disarmament and development at the regional level,", "Bearing in mind also the importance of information, research, education and training on peace, disarmament and development for understanding and cooperation among States,", "Reaffirms its strong support for the role of the United Nations Regional Centre for Peace, Disarmament and Development in Latin America and the Caribbean in promoting the activities of the United Nations at the regional and subregional levels to strengthen peace, disarmament, stability, security and development among Member States;", "Expresses its satisfaction with the activities of the Regional Centre last year, and requests the Regional Centre to continue to consider proposals to be submitted by States in the region at the regional and subregional levels to promote confidence-building measures, arms control and restrictions, transparency, reduce and prevent armed violence, disarmament and development;", "Expresses its appreciation to the regional centres for their political support and financial contributions, which are essential for their continued functioning;", "Calls upon Member States, in particular those in Latin America and the Caribbean, and international governmental and non-governmental organizations and foundations to provide and increase voluntary contributions to strengthen the implementation of the regional centres, their activities programmes and their programmes;", "Invites all States in the region to continue to participate in the activities of the regional centres and to propose projects for inclusion in their programme of activities, and to make greater and better use of the Centre's potential to meet the challenges currently facing the international community with a view to achieving the goals of the Charter of the United Nations in the area of peace, disarmament and development;", "Recognizes the important role of the regional centres in promoting and developing regional and subregional initiatives agreed upon by Latin American and Caribbean States in the field of weapons of mass destruction, in particular nuclear weapons, and in the field of conventional arms, including small arms and light weapons, and in the relationship between disarmament and development;", "Encourages the regional centres to carry out further activities in the important areas of peace, disarmament and development in all countries of the region;", "Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the implementation of the present resolution;", "Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session a sub-item entitled “United Nations Regional Centre for Peace, Disarmament and Development in Latin America and the Caribbean”.", "2 December 2011", "71st plenary meeting", "Abel 40.", "[2] See the report of the United Nations Conference on the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects, New York, 9-20 July 2001 (A/CONF.192/15), chap. IV, para.", "[3] See A/59/119.", "[4] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 634, No. 9068." ]

[ "2011年12月2日大会决议", "[根据第一委员会的报告(A/66/413)通过]", "66/55. 区域建立信任措施：联合国中部非洲安全问题常设咨询委员会的活动", "大会，", "回顾其以往各项相关决议，特别是2010年12月8日第65/84号决议，", "又回顾大会第十届特别会议、即第一届专门讨论裁军问题的特别会议通过的关于全面彻底裁军的各项指导原则，", "考虑到秘书长于1992年5月28日设立联合国中部非洲安全问题常设咨询委员会，其目的在于促进该次区域的军备限制、裁军、不扩散和发展，", "重申常设咨询委员会的职责是在成员国之间开展中部非洲重建以及建立信任活动，包括采取建立信任和限制军备的措施，", "注意到常设咨询委员会成员国2011年3月12日至16日在圣多美举行的第三十二次部长级会议于2011年3月16日通过《关于中部非洲对武器贸易条约共同立场的圣多美声明》，[1]", "深信裁军、包括区域裁军所释放的资源可用于经济和社会发展及环境保护，以造福世界各国人民，特别是发展中国家人民，", "考虑到在所有有关国家提出和参与情况下采取的顾及每个区域具体特点的建立信任措施十分重要和有效，因为这些措施能够对区域稳定和国际和平与安全作出贡献，", "深信只有在各国国内和各国之间和平、安全与互信的气氛中才能实现发展，", "回顾《合作促进中部非洲和平与安全布拉柴维尔宣言》、[2] 《促进中部非洲持久民主、和平与发展巴塔宣言》[3] 以及《关于中部非洲和平、安全和稳定的雅温得宣言》，[4]", "铭记安全理事会在审议秘书长关于非洲境内冲突起因和促进持久和平与可持续发展的报告[5] 后，分别于1998年9月16日和18日通过的第1196(1998)号和第1197(1998)号决议，", "强调必须加强非洲预防冲突和维持和平的能力，并欣见联合国与中部非洲国家经济共同体为此开展密切合作，", "感兴趣地注意到，常设咨询委员会日益重视人的安全问题，例如贩运人口、特别是妇女和儿童问题，认为对于次区域和平、安全和预防冲突而言，人的安全问题是一项重要考虑因素；", "表示关注跨境犯罪活动，尤其是上帝抵抗军的活动以及几内亚湾日益增多的海盗事件对中部非洲的和平、安全与发展产生越来越大的影响，", "考虑到急需防止来自利比亚冲突的非法武器和雇佣军可能转移到中部非洲区域各邻国，", "1. 重申支持为推动区域和次区域建立信任措施作出努力，以缓和中部非洲的紧张局势和冲突，推动该次区域的可持续和平、稳定与发展；", "2. 重申次区域各国在联合国、非洲联盟和其他国际伙伴支持下开展的中部非洲解除武装和军备限制方案的重要性；", "3. 再次鼓励联合国中部非洲安全问题常设咨询委员会成员国和其他感兴趣的国家提供财政支持，协助执行2010年4月26日至30日在金沙萨举行的常设咨询委员会第三十次部长级会议于2010年4月30日通过的《中部非洲管制小武器和轻武器及其弹药和一切用于制造、维修或组装此类武器的零部件公约》(简称《金沙萨公约》)；[6]", "4. 欣见常设咨询委员会成员国通过《关于中部非洲对武器贸易条约共同立场的圣多美声明》，¹ 鼓励常设咨询委员会采取必要措施，落实《宣言》中的步骤，促使成员国继续积极参与《武器贸易条约》进程，并请联合国中部非洲区域办事处及国际合作伙伴支持这些措施；", "5. 又欣见常设咨询委员会成员国专家积极参加2011年5月9日至13日在纽约举行的《从各个方面防止、打击和消除小武器和轻武器非法贸易的行动纲领》执行情况政府专家不限成员名额会议；", "6. 鼓励常设咨询委员会成员国执行历次部长级会议通过的活动方案；", "7. 又鼓励常设咨询委员会成员国继续努力，使中部非洲预警机制全面投入运作，成为在预防危机和武装冲突框架内分析和监测次区域政治局势的工具，并请秘书长为这一机制顺利开展工作提供必要协助；", "8. 欣见常设咨询委员会所有十一个成员国签署了《金沙萨公约》，呼吁这些国家及时批准《公约》，协助其早日生效执行；", "9. 呼吁国际社会支持有关国家为执行解除武装、复员和重返社会方案作出的努力；", "10. 请联合国中部非洲区域办事处与联合国和平与裁军非洲区域中心协作，协助常设咨询委员会成员国作出努力，尤其是执行2010年11月15日至19日在布拉柴维尔举行的第三十一次部长级会议于2010年11月19日通过的《金沙萨公约执行计划》；[7]", "11. 请秘书长和联合国难民事务高级专员办事处继续援助中部非洲国家处理境内的难民和流离失所者问题；", "12. 请秘书长和联合国人权事务高级专员继续全力为中部非洲次区域人权与民主中心正常开展工作提供协助；", "13. 提醒常设咨询委员会成员国注意2009年5月8日通过《关于联合国中部非洲安全问题常设咨询委员会信托基金的宣言》(《利伯维尔宣言》)时作出的承诺，[8] 并邀请尚未向信托基金捐款的委员会成员国向基金捐款；", "14. 敦促其他会员国及政府间和非政府组织向常设咨询委员会信托基金提供自愿捐款，切实支持常设咨询委员会的活动；", "15. 敦促常设咨询委员会成员国根据安全理事会2000年10月31日第1325(2000)号决议，加强该委员会与裁军和国际安全有关的各次会议中的两性平等内容；", "16. 对秘书长支持利伯维尔的联合国中部非洲区域办事处有效启用表示满意，欢迎办事处自成立后作出的努力，并大力鼓励常设咨询委员会成员国和国际合作伙伴支持办事处的工作；", "17. 欣见常设咨询委员会努力消除中部非洲的跨界安全威胁，包括利比亚局势的后果，并欢迎联合国中部非洲区域办事处发挥作用，与中部非洲国家经济共同体、非洲联盟以及所有相关区域和国际合作伙伴密切协作，协调这些努力；", "18. 对秘书长支持振兴常设咨询委员会的活动表示满意，并请秘书长为确保半年一次的常会成功举行继续提供必要援助；", "19. 请秘书长就本决议的执行情况向大会第六十七届会议提出报告；", "20. 决定将题为“区域建立信任措施：联合国中部非洲安全问题常设咨询委员会的活动”的分项目列入大会第六十七届会议临时议程。", "2011年12月2日", "第71次全体会议", "[1] 见A/66/72-S/2011/225，附件。", "[2] A/50/474，附件一。", "[3] A/53/258-S/1998/763，附件二，附录一。", "[4] A/53/868-S/1999/303，附件二。", "[5] A/52/871-S/1998/318。", "[6] 见A/65/517-S/2010/534，附件。", "[7] 见A/65/717-S/2011/53， 附件。", "[8] 见A/64/85-S/2009/288， 附件。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 2 December 2011", "[on the report of the First Committee (A/66/413)]", "66/55. Regional confidence-building measures: activities of the United Nations Standing Advisory Committee on Security Questions in Central Africa", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its previous relevant resolutions, in particular resolution 65/84 of 8 December 2010,", "Recalling also the guidelines for general and complete disarmament adopted at its tenth special session, the first special session devoted to disarmament,", "Bearing in mind the establishment by the Secretary-General on 28 May 1992 of the United Nations Standing Advisory Committee on Security Questions in Central Africa, the purpose of which is to encourage arms limitation, disarmament, non-proliferation and development in the subregion,", "Reaffirming that the purpose of the Standing Advisory Committee is to conduct reconstruction and confidence-building activities in Central Africa among its member States, including through confidence-building and arms limitation measures,", "Taking note of the Sao Tome Declaration on a Central African Common Position on the Arms Trade Treaty, adopted by the States members of the Standing Advisory Committee on 16 March 2011 at their thirty-second ministerial meeting, held in Sao Tome from 12 to 16 March 2011,[1]", "Convinced that the resources released by disarmament, including regional disarmament, can be devoted to economic and social development and to the protection of the environment for the benefit of all peoples, in particular those of developing countries,", "Considering the importance and effectiveness of confidence-building measures taken on the initiative and with the participation of all States concerned and taking into account the specific characteristics of each region, since such measures can contribute to regional stability and to international peace and security,", "Convinced that development can be achieved only in a climate of peace, security and mutual confidence both within and among States,", "Recalling the Brazzaville Declaration on Cooperation for Peace and Security in Central Africa,[2] the Bata Declaration for the Promotion of Lasting Democracy, Peace and Development in Central Africa[3] and the Yaoundé Declaration on Peace, Security and Stability in Central Africa,[4]", "Bearing in mind resolutions 1196 (1998) and 1197 (1998), adopted by the Security Council on 16 and 18 September 1998, respectively, following its consideration of the report of the Secretary-General on the causes of conflict and the promotion of durable peace and sustainable development in Africa,[5]", "Emphasizing the need to strengthen the capacity for conflict prevention and peacekeeping in Africa, and welcoming the close cooperation established between the United Nations and the Economic Community of Central African States for that purpose,", "Taking note with interest of the increasing focus of the Standing Advisory Committee on human security questions, such as trafficking in persons, especially in women and children, as an important consideration for subregional peace, stability and conflict prevention,", "Expressing concern about the increasing impact of cross-border criminality, in particular the activities of the Lord’s Resistance Army and increasing incidents of piracy in the Gulf of Guinea, on peace, security and development in Central Africa,", "Considering the urgent need to prevent the possible movement of illicit weapons and mercenaries from the conflict in Libya into the neighbouring countries in the Central African region,", "1. Reaffirms its support for efforts aimed at promoting confidence-building measures at the regional and subregional levels in order to ease tensions and conflicts in Central Africa and to further sustainable peace, stability and development in the subregion;", "2. Reaffirms the importance of disarmament and arms limitation programmes in Central Africa carried out by the States of the subregion with the support of the United Nations, the African Union and other international partners;", "3. Renews its encouragement to the States members of the United Nations Standing Advisory Committee on Security Questions in Central Africa and other interested States to provide financial support for the implementation of the Central African Convention for the Control of Small Arms and Light Weapons, Their Ammunition and All Parts and Components That Can Be Used for Their Manufacture, Repair and Assembly (Kinshasa Convention), adopted on 30 April 2010, at the thirtieth ministerial meeting of the Standing Advisory Committee, held in Kinshasa from 26 to 30 April 2010;[6]", "4. Welcomes the adoption by the States members of the Standing Advisory Committee of the Sao Tome Declaration on a Central African Common Position on the Arms Trade Treaty,¹ encourages the Committee to take the necessary measures for the implementation of the steps identified in the Declaration, towards the continued active participation of its member States in the process for the arms trade treaty, and requests the United Nations Regional Office for Central Africa and international partners to support those measures;", "5. Also welcomes the active participation of experts of States members of the Standing Advisory Committee in the open-ended meeting of governmental experts on the Implementation of the Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects, held in New York from 9 to 13 May 2011;", "6. Encourages the States members of the Standing Advisory Committee to carry out the programmes of activities adopted at their ministerial meetings;", "7. Also encourages the States members of the Standing Advisory Committee to continue their efforts to render the early warning mechanism for Central Africa fully operational as an instrument for analysing and monitoring the political situation in the subregion within the framework of the prevention of crises and armed conflicts, and requests the Secretary-General to provide the assistance necessary for its smooth functioning;", "8. Welcomes the signing of the Kinshasa Convention by all eleven States members of the Standing Advisory Committee, and appeals to them to ratify the Convention in a timely manner in order to facilitate its early entry into force and implementation;", "9. Appeals to the international community to support the efforts undertaken by the States concerned to implement disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programmes;", "10. Requests the United Nations Regional Office for Central Africa, in collaboration with the United Nations Regional Centre for Peace and Disarmament in Africa, to facilitate the efforts undertaken by the States members of the Standing Advisory Committee, in particular for their execution of the Implementation Plan for the Kinshasa Convention, as adopted on 19 November 2010 at their thirty-first ministerial meeting, held in Brazzaville from 15 to 19 November 2010;[7]", "11. Requests the Secretary-General and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees to continue to assist the countries of Central Africa in tackling the problems of refugees and displaced persons in their territories;", "12. Requests the Secretary-General and the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to continue to provide their full assistance for the proper functioning of the Subregional Centre for Human Rights and Democracy in Central Africa;", "13. Reminds the States members of the Standing Advisory Committee of the commitments they undertook at the adoption of the Declaration on the Trust Fund of the United Nations Standing Advisory Committee on Security Questions in Central Africa (Libreville Declaration) on 8 May 2009,[8] and invites those States members of the Committee that have not already done so to contribute to the Trust Fund;", "14. Urges other Member States and intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations to support the activities of the Standing Advisory Committee effectively through voluntary contributions to the Trust Fund;", "15. Urges the States members of the Standing Advisory Committee, in accordance with Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) of 31 October 2000, to strengthen the gender component of the various meetings of the Committee relating to disarmament and international security;", "16. Expresses its satisfaction to the Secretary-General for his support for the effective inauguration of the United Nations Regional Office for Central Africa in Libreville, welcomes the efforts made by the Office since its opening, and strongly encourages the States members of the Standing Advisory Committee and international partners to support the work of the Office;", "17. Welcomes the efforts of the Standing Advisory Committee towards addressing cross-border security threats in Central Africa, including the fallout from the situation in Libya, and welcomes the role of the United Nations Regional Office for Central Africa in coordinating those efforts, working closely with the Economic Community of Central African States, the African Union and all relevant regional and international partners;", "18. Expresses its satisfaction to the Secretary-General for his support for the revitalization of the activities of the Standing Advisory Committee, and requests him to continue to provide the assistance needed to ensure the success of its regular biannual meetings;", "19. Calls upon the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session a report on the implementation of the present resolution;", "20. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the sub-item entitled “Regional confidence-building measures: activities of the United Nations Standing Advisory Committee on Security Questions in Central Africa”.", "71st plenary meeting 2 December 2011", "[1]  See A/66/72‑S/2011/225, annex.", "[2]  A/50/474, annex I.", "[3]  A/53/258‑S/1998/763, annex II, appendix I.", "[4]  A/53/868‑S/1999/303, annex II.", "[5]  A/52/871‑S/1998/318.", "[6]  See A/65/517‑S/2010/534, annex.", "[7]  See A/65/717‑S/2011/53, annex.", "[8]  See A/64/85‑S/2009/288, annex." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 2 December 2011", "[on the report of the First Committee (A/64/413)]", "Regional confidence-building measures: activities of the United Nations Standing Advisory Committee on Security Questions in Central Africa", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its previous relevant resolutions, in particular resolution 65/84 of 8 December 2010,", "Recalling also the guiding principles on general and complete disarmament adopted by the General Assembly at its tenth special session, the first special session devoted to disarmament,", "Taking into account the establishment by the Secretary-General of the United Nations Standing Advisory Committee on Security Questions in Central Africa on 28 May 1992, aimed at promoting arms limitation, disarmament, non-proliferation and development in the subregion,", "Reaffirming that the functions of the Standing Advisory Committee are to undertake reconstruction in Central Africa and confidence-building activities among Member States, including measures to build confidence and limit arms,", "Noting that the thirty-second Ministerial Meeting of States members of the Standing Advisory Committee, held in Santo Doumdo, from 12 to 16 March 2011, adopted the Santo Domino Declaration on the Common Position of Central Africa on the Arms Trade Treaty, adopted on 16 March 2011,", "Convinced that resources released from disarmament, including regional disarmament, can be used for economic and social development and environmental protection for the benefit of the peoples of the world, in particular those of developing countries,", "Considering the importance and effectiveness of confidence-building measures taking into account the specific characteristics of each region in all relevant States, as they can contribute to regional stability and international peace and security,", "Convinced that development can be achieved only in a climate of peace, security and mutual trust between States and States,", "Recalling the Declaration on Cooperation in the Promotion of Peace and Security in Central Africa, [2] the Declaration on the Promotion of lasting democracy, peace and development in Central Africa [3] and the Yaoundé Declaration on Peace, Security and Stabilization in Central Africa, [4]", "Bearing in mind Security Council resolutions 1196 (1998) and 1197 (1998), adopted on 16 and 18 September 1998, respectively, after consideration of the report of the Secretary-General on the causes of conflict and the promotion of durable peace and sustainable development in Africa [5],", "Emphasizing the importance of strengthening the capacities of conflict prevention and peacekeeping in Africa, and welcoming the close cooperation between the United Nations and the Economic Community of Central African States in this regard,", "Notes with interest that the Permanent Advisory Committee has given increased attention to human security issues, such as trafficking in persons, especially women and children, and considers that human security is an important consideration for subregional peace, security and conflict prevention;", "Expressing concern at the increasing impact of cross-border criminal activities, in particular the activities of the Lord's Resistance Army and the increasing number of piracy in the Gulf of Guinea, on peace, security and development in Central Africa,", "Taking into account the urgent need to prevent the transfer of illicit arms and mercenaries from the conflict of Libya to neighbouring countries of the Central African region,", "Reaffirms its support for efforts to promote confidence-building measures at the regional and subregional levels in order to ease tensions and conflicts in Central Africa and promote sustainable peace, stability and development in the subregion;", "Reaffirms the importance of the disarmament and arms limitation programmes in Central Africa undertaken by the States of the subregion with the support of the United Nations, the African Union and other international partners;", "Reiterates its encouragement to Member States and other interested States of the United Nations Standing Advisory Committee on Security Questions in Central Africa to provide financial support for the implementation of the Convention on the Control of Small Arms and Light Weapons in Central Africa, its ammunition and all spare parts for the manufacture, maintenance or assembly of such weapons, adopted at the thirty-first Ministerial Meeting of the Standing Advisory Committee, held in Kinshasa from 26 to 30 April 2010 (hereinafter referred to as the Kinshasa Convention); [6]", "Welcomes the adoption by the States members of the Standing Advisory Committee of the Santo-American Declaration on the Common Position of Central Africa on the arms trade treaty,1 encourages the Permanent Advisory Committee to take the necessary measures to implement the steps contained in the Declaration and to continue its active participation in the arms trade treaty process, and requests the United Nations Regional Office for Central Africa and international partners to support those measures;", "Also welcomes the active participation of experts from member States of the Standing Advisory Committee in the open-ended meeting of governmental experts on the implementation of the Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects, held in New York from 9 to 13 May 2011;", "Encourages Member States of the Standing Advisory Committee to implement the programme of activities adopted at the successive ministerial meetings;", "Also encourages the States members of the Standing Advisory Committee to continue their efforts to make the early warning mechanism in Central Africa fully operational and to serve as a tool for analysing and monitoring the political situation in the subregion in the context of the crisis and armed conflict, and requests the Secretary-General to provide the necessary assistance for its successful work;", "Welcomes the signing of the Kinshasa Convention by all 11 States members of the Standing Advisory Committee, and calls upon them to ratify the Convention in a timely manner and to assist them in their early entry into force;", "Calls upon the international community to support the efforts of the countries concerned to implement the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programme;", "Requests the United Nations Regional Office for Central Africa, in collaboration with the United Nations Regional Centre for Peace and Disarmament in Africa, to assist the member States of the Standing Advisory Committee in their efforts, in particular the implementation of the Kinshasa Convention Implementation Plan adopted at its thirty-first Ministerial Conference, held in Brazzaville from 15 to 19 November 2010; [7]", "Requests the Secretary-General and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees to continue to assist Central African States in addressing the issue of refugees and displaced persons in their territories;", "Requests the Secretary-General and the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to continue to provide assistance for the regular work of the Subregional Centre for Human Rights and Democracy in Central Africa;", "Reminds the Member States of the Standing Advisory Committee to the commitments made at the time of the adoption of the Declaration on the Trust Fund for the United Nations Standing Advisory Committee on Security Questions in Central Africa (the Libreville Declaration) on 8 May 2009, [8] and invites the member States of the Committee that have not contributed to the Trust Fund to contribute to the Fund;", "Urges other Member States and intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations to make voluntary contributions to the Trust Fund of the Standing Advisory Committee in order to effectively support the activities of the Standing Advisory Committee;", "Urges Member States of the Standing Advisory Committee to strengthen the gender dimension of the Commission's meetings related to disarmament and international security, in accordance with Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) of 31 October 2000;", "Expresses its satisfaction with the Secretary-General's support for the effective launch of the United Nations Regional Office for Central Africa in Libreville, welcomes the efforts made since its establishment and strongly encourages the member States of the Standing Advisory Committee and international partners to support the work of the Office;", "Welcomes the efforts of the Standing Advisory Committee to address the transboundary security threats in Central Africa, including the consequences of the situation in Libya, and welcomes the role of the United Nations Regional Office for Central Africa in coordinating those efforts in close collaboration with the Economic Community of Central African States, the African Union and all relevant regional and international partners;", "Expresses its satisfaction with the Secretary-General's support for the revitalization of the activities of the Standing Advisory Committee, and requests the Secretary-General to continue to provide the necessary assistance to ensure the successful holding of a half-year regular session;", "Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the implementation of the present resolution;", "Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session a sub-item entitled “Regional confidence-building measures: activities of the United Nations Standing Advisory Committee on Security Questions in Central Africa”.", "2 December 2011", "71st plenary meeting", "See A/66/72-Sono 2, annex.", "[2] A/50/474, annex I.", "[3] A/53/258-S/1998/763, annex II, appendix I.", "[4] A/53/868-S/1999/303, annex II.", "[5] A/52/871-S/1998/318.", "[6] See A/65/517-Situ534, annex.", "[7] See A/65/717-Speak 53, annex.", "[8] See A/64/85-S/2009/288, annex." ]

[ "2011年12月2日大会决议", "[根据第一委员会的报告(A/66/413)通过]", "66/56. 联合国和平与裁军亚洲及太平洋区域中心", "大会，", "回顾大会根据1987年11月30日第42/39D号和1989年12月15日第44/117F号决议设立了联合国和平与裁军亚洲区域中心，并将其改名为联合国和平与裁军亚洲及太平洋区域中心，总部设在加德满都，任务是通过妥善使用可得资源，应要求向亚太区域各会员国提供实质性支助，协助它们为执行和平与裁军措施而实施相互商定的倡议及其他活动，", "欢迎区域中心按照大会2007年12月5日第62/52号决议在加德满都实际开展工作，", "回顾区域中心的任务是应要求向亚太区域各会员国提供实质性支助，协助它们为执行和平与裁军措施而实施相互商定的倡议及其他活动，", "注意到秘书长的报告[1] 并感谢区域中心在该区域举办各种会议和研讨会，包括2010年12月2日和3日在大韩民国济州岛、2011年7月27日至29日在日本松本举行会议，2011年1月20日和21日在北京举行关于加强媒体促进裁军的能力的区域研讨会，2011年3月16日至18日在加德满都举行关于预防武装暴力的区域研讨会，在促进建立信任措施方面开展了重要工作，", "赞赏尼泊尔及时履行它为区域中心实际开展工作作出的财政承诺，", "1. 欣见联合国和平与裁军亚洲及太平洋区域中心去年开展的活动，并邀请该区域所有国家继续支持该中心的活动，办法包括在可能的情况下继续参加这些活动，并提出项目供列入其活动方案，以推动执行和平与裁军措施；", "2. 感谢尼泊尔政府给予的合作和财政资助，使区域中心能在加德满都开展工作；", "3. 赞赏秘书长和秘书处裁军事务厅提供必要支助，以确保区域中心在加德满都顺利开展工作，并使中心能够有效运作；", "4. 呼吁会员国，特别是亚太区域的会员国，以及国际政府组织、非政府组织和基金会为加强该区域中心的活动方案和方案执行工作自愿捐款，因为这是区域中心唯一的资金来源；", "5. 重申大力支持区域中心发挥作用，在区域一级促进联合国的活动，以增强会员国之间的和平、稳定与安全；", "6. 强调加德满都进程对于形成全区域开展安全和裁军对话的惯例至关重要；", "7. 请秘书长向大会第六十七届会议报告本决议执行情况；", "8. 决定将题为“联合国和平与裁军亚洲及太平洋区域中心”的分项目列入大会第六十七届会议临时议程。", "2011年12月2日", "第71次全体会议", "[1] A/66/113。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 2 December 2011", "[on the report of the First Committee (A/66/413)]", "66/56. United Nations Regional Centre for Peace and Disarmament in Asia and the Pacific", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 42/39 D of 30 November 1987 and 44/117 F of 15 December 1989, by which it established the United Nations Regional Centre for Peace and Disarmament in Asia and renamed it the United Nations Regional Centre for Peace and Disarmament in Asia and the Pacific, with headquarters in Kathmandu and with the mandate of providing, on request, substantive support for the initiatives and other activities mutually agreed upon by the Member States of the Asia-Pacific region for the implementation of measures for peace and disarmament, through appropriate utilization of available resources,", "Welcoming the physical operation of the Regional Centre from Kathmandu in accordance with General Assembly resolution 62/52 of 5 December 2007,", "Recalling the mandate of the Regional Centre to provide, on request, substantive support for the initiatives and other activities mutually agreed upon by the Member States of the Asia-Pacific region for the implementation of measures for peace and disarmament,", "Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General[1] and expressing its appreciation to the Regional Centre for its important work in promoting confidence-building measures through the organization of meetings, conferences and workshops in the region, including conferences held on Jeju Island, Republic of Korea, on 2 and 3 December 2010 and in Matsumoto, Japan, from 27 to 29 July 2011, a regional workshop on strengthening the media’s capacity in promoting disarmament held in Beijing on 20 and 21 January 2011 and a regional seminar on armed violence prevention held in Kathmandu from 16 to 18 March 2011,", "Appreciating the timely execution by Nepal of its financial commitments for the physical operation of the Regional Centre,", "1. Expresses its satisfaction for the activities carried out in the past year by the United Nations Regional Centre for Peace and Disarmament in Asia and the Pacific, and invites all States of the region to continue to support the activities of the Centre, including by continuing to take part in them, where possible, and by proposing items for inclusion in the programme of activities of the Centre, in order to contribute to the implementation of measures for peace and disarmament;", "2. Expresses its gratitude to the Government of Nepal for its cooperation and financial support, which has enabled the Regional Centre to operate from Kathmandu;", "3. Expresses its appreciation to the Secretary-General and the Office for Disarmament Affairs of the Secretariat for providing necessary support with a view to ensuring the smooth operation of the Regional Centre from Kathmandu and to enabling the Centre to function effectively;", "4. Appeals to Member States, in particular those within the Asia-Pacific region, as well as to international governmental and non-governmental organizations and foundations, to make voluntary contributions, the only resources of the Regional Centre, to strengthen the programme of activities of the Centre and the implementation thereof;", "5. Reaffirms its strong support for the role of the Regional Centre in the promotion of United Nations activities at the regional level to strengthen peace, stability and security among its Member States;", "6. Underlines the importance of the Kathmandu process for the development of the practice of region-wide security and disarmament dialogues;", "7. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the implementation of the present resolution;", "8. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the sub-item entitled “United Nations Regional Centre for Peace and Disarmament in Asia and the Pacific”.", "71st plenary meeting 2 December 2011", "[1]  A/66/113." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 2 December 2011", "[on the report of the First Committee (A/64/413)]", "United Nations Regional Centre for Peace and Disarmament in Asia and the Pacific", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling that, in accordance with resolutions 42/39D of 30 November 1987 and 44/117F of 15 December 1989, the United Nations Regional Centre for Peace and Disarmament in Asia was established and renamed the United Nations Regional Centre for Peace and Disarmament in Asia and the Pacific, with a mandate to provide substantive support to Member States in the Asia-Pacific region through the appropriate use of available resources, and to assist them in the implementation of mutually agreed initiatives and other activities for the implementation of peace and disarmament measures,", "Welcoming the practical work of the Regional Centre in Kathmandu, in accordance with General Assembly resolution 6252 of 5 December 2007,", "Recalling that the mandate of the Regional Centre should provide substantive support to Member States in the Asia-Pacific region, upon request, to assist them in implementing mutually agreed initiatives and other activities for the implementation of peace and disarmament measures,", "Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General, and expressing its appreciation to the regional centres for organizing meetings and seminars in the region, including the holding of regional seminars on armed violence, held on 2 and 3 December 2010 in the Republic of Korea, from 27 to 29 July 2011, in Aston, Japan, on 20 and 21 January 2011, in Beijing on strengthening the capacity of the media to promote disarmament, held in Kathmandu from 16 to 18 March 2011, and for their important work in promoting confidence-building measures,", "Appreciating the timely fulfilment by Nepal of its financial commitment to the practical work of the regional centres,", "Welcomes the activities of the United Nations Regional Centre for Peace and Disarmament in Asia and the Pacific last year, and invites all countries in the region to continue to support the activities of the Centre, including, where possible, to continue to participate in those activities and to propose projects for inclusion in its programme of activities in order to facilitate the implementation of peace and disarmament measures;", "Expresses its appreciation to the Government of Nepal for its cooperation and financial support to enable the regional centres to operate in Kathmandu;", "Expresses its appreciation to the Secretary-General and the Office for Disarmament Affairs of the Secretariat for the necessary support to ensure that the regional centres operate successfully in Kathmandu and to enable the Centre to function effectively;", "Calls upon Member States, in particular those in the Asia-Pacific region, and international governmental, non-governmental organizations and foundations, to make voluntary contributions to strengthen the activities and programme implementation of the Regional Centre, as the only source of funding for the Regional Centre;", "Reaffirms its strong support for the role of the Regional Centre in promoting United Nations activities at the regional level to enhance peace, stability and security among Member States;", "Emphasizes that the Kathmandu process is essential to the development of regional practices for security and disarmament dialogue;", "Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the implementation of the present resolution;", "Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session a sub-item entitled “United Nations Regional Centre for Peace and Disarmament in Asia and the Pacific”.", "2 December 2011", "71st plenary meeting", "A/63/413." ]

[ "2011年12月2日大会决议", "[根据第一委员会的报告(A/66/413)通过]", "66/57. 禁止使用核武器公约", "大会，", "深信核武器的使用对人类生存构成最严重的威胁，", "铭记国际法院1996年7月8日对“以核武器进行威胁或使用核武器的合法性”发表的咨询意见，[1]", "深信如能缔结一项多边、普遍性、具有约束力的协定，禁止使用或威胁使用核武器，将有助于消除核威胁，营造谈判气氛，促成最终消除核武器，从而加强国际和平与安全，", "意识到俄罗斯联邦和美利坚合众国为裁减核武器和改善国际气氛而采取的一些步骤能对实现彻底消除核武器的目标作出贡献，", "回顾大会第十届特别会议《最后文件》[2] 第58段，其中指出所有国家都应积极参与作出努力，在国家间关系方面创造条件，以便商定一项关于各国以和平方式处理国际事务的行为守则，从而避免使用或威胁使用核武器，", "重申其1961年11月24日第1653(XVI)号、1978年12月14日第33/71B号、1979年12月11日第34/83G号、1980年12月12日第35/152D号和1981年12月9日第36/92I号决议中的宣告，任何使用核武器的行为都违反《联合国宪章》，并构成危害人类罪，", "决心达成一项禁止发展、生产、储存和使用核武器的国际公约，导致最终销毁核武器，", "强调若能缔结一项禁止使用核武器的国际公约，将是在实施一项旨在明确规定的时限内彻底消除核武器的分阶段方案方面迈出的重要一步，", "遗憾地注意到裁军谈判会议在其2011年会议上未能按照大会2010年12月8日第65/80号决议的要求就此议题进行谈判，", "1. 再次请裁军谈判会议开始谈判，以便就缔结一项禁止在任何情况下使用或威胁使用核武器的国际公约达成协议；", "2. 请裁军谈判会议向大会报告这些谈判的结果。", "2011年12月2日", "第71次全体会议", "[1] A/51/218，附件；另见“以核武器进行威胁或使用核武器的合法性，咨询意见”，《1996年国际法院案例汇编》，英文第226页。", "[2] S-10/2号决议。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 2 December 2011", "[on the report of the First Committee (A/66/413)]", "66/57. Convention on the Prohibition of the Use of Nuclear Weapons", "The General Assembly,", "Convinced that the use of nuclear weapons poses the most serious threat to the survival of mankind,", "Bearing in mind the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice of 8 July 1996 on the Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons,[1]", "Convinced that a multilateral, universal and binding agreement prohibiting the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons would contribute to the elimination of the nuclear threat and to the climate for negotiations leading to the ultimate elimination of nuclear weapons, thereby strengthening international peace and security,", "Conscious that some steps taken by the Russian Federation and the United States of America towards a reduction of their nuclear weapons and the improvement in the international climate can contribute towards the goal of the complete elimination of nuclear weapons,", "Recalling that paragraph 58 of the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly[2] states that all States should actively participate in efforts to bring about conditions in international relations among States in which a code of peaceful conduct of nations in international affairs could be agreed upon and that would preclude the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons,", "Reaffirming that any use of nuclear weapons would be a violation of the Charter of the United Nations and a crime against humanity, as declared in its resolutions 1653 (XVI) of 24 November 1961, 33/71 B of 14 December 1978, 34/83 G of 11 December 1979, 35/152 D of 12 December 1980 and 36/92 I of 9 December 1981,", "Determined to achieve an international convention prohibiting the development, production, stockpiling and use of nuclear weapons, leading to their ultimate destruction,", "Stressing that an international convention on the prohibition of the use of nuclear weapons would be an important step in a phased programme towards the complete elimination of nuclear weapons, with a specified framework of time,", "Noting with regret that the Conference on Disarmament, during its 2011 session, was unable to undertake negotiations on this subject as called for in General Assembly resolution 65/80 of 8 December 2010,", "1. Reiterates its request to the Conference on Disarmament to commence negotiations in order to reach agreement on an international convention prohibiting the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons under any circumstances;", "2. Requests the Conference on Disarmament to report to the General Assembly on the results of those negotiations.", "71st plenary meeting 2 December 2011", "[1]  A/51/218, annex; see also Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons, Advisory Opinion, I.C.J. Reports 1996, p. 226.", "[2]  Resolution S‑10/2." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 2 December 2011", "[on the report of the First Committee (A/64/413)]", "Convention on the Prohibition of the Use of Nuclear Weapons", "The General Assembly,", "Convinced that the use of nuclear weapons poses the most serious threat to human survival,", "Bearing in mind the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice of 8 July 1996 on the Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons”,", "Convinced that a multilateral, universal and binding agreement banning the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons would contribute to the elimination of nuclear threats, the creation of a climate of negotiations leading to the ultimate elimination of nuclear weapons, thereby strengthening international peace and security,", "Aware that some steps taken by the Russian Federation and the United States of America to reduce nuclear weapons and improve the international climate can contribute to the achievement of the goal of the total elimination of nuclear weapons,", "Recalling paragraph 58 of the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly, in which it was noted that all States should be actively involved in efforts to create conditions for inter-State relations in order to agree on a code of conduct for States dealing with international affairs in a peaceful manner, thereby avoiding the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons,", "Reaffirming its resolutions 1653 (XVI) of 24 November 1961, 3371 B of 14 December 1978, 3483 G of 11 December 1979, 35/152 D of 12 December 1980 and 36/92I of 9 December 1981, in which any use of nuclear weapons violates the Charter of the United Nations and constitutes a crime against humanity,", "Determined to reach an international convention banning the development, production, stockpiling and use of nuclear weapons, leading to the ultimate elimination of nuclear weapons,", "Emphasizing that an international convention banning the use of nuclear weapons will be an important step in the implementation of a phased programme aimed at the total elimination of nuclear weapons within a specified time frame,", "Noting with regret that, at its 2011 session, the Conference on Disarmament had not been able to negotiate on the subject in accordance with General Assembly resolution 65/80 of 8 December 2010,", "Reiterates its request to the Conference on Disarmament to commence negotiations in order to reach agreement on an international convention prohibiting the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons in all circumstances;", "Requests the Conference on Disarmament to report to the General Assembly on the results of those negotiations.", "2 December 2011", "71st plenary meeting", "A/51/218, annex; see also “The Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons”, Reports 1996, p. 226.", "[2] S-10/2." ]

[ "2011年12月2日大会决议", "[根据第一委员会的报告(A/66/413)通过]", "66/58. 联合国和平与裁军非洲区域中心", "大会，", "铭记《联合国宪章》第十一条第一项规定大会的职责之一是审议关于维持国际和平与安全方面的合作的一般原则，包括裁军和军备限制方面的原则，", "回顾其关于联合国和平与裁军非洲区域中心的1985年12月16日第40/15G号、1986年12月3日第41/60D号、1987年11月30日第42/39J号和1988年12月7日第43/76D号决议，以及关于包括建立信任措施在内的区域裁军问题的1991年12月6日第46/36F号和1992年12月9日第47/52G号决议，", "又回顾其1993年12月16日第48/76E号、1994年12月15日第49/76D号、1995年12月12日第50/71C号、1996年12月10日第51/46E号、1997年12月22日第52/220号、1998年12月4日第53/78C号、1999年12月1日第54/55B号、2000年11月20日第55/34D号、2001年11月29日第56/25D号、2002年11月22日第57/91号、2003年12月8日第58/61号、2004年12月3日第59/101号、2005年12月8日第60/86号、2006年12月6日第61/93号、2007年12月22日第62/216号、2008年12月2日第63/80号和2009年12月2日第64/62号决议，", "重申区域中心在区域一级促进裁军、和平与安全的作用，", "欣见区域中心与非洲联盟，特别是其裁军、和平与安全领域的机构，以及区域中心与在非洲的联合国相关机构和方案继续开展并加深合作，考虑到2009年8月21日在亚的斯亚贝巴举行的非洲联盟和平与安全理事会第二百次会议通过的公报，", "回顾非洲联盟执行理事会2006年1月16日至21日在喀土穆举行的第八届常会做出决定，[1] 呼吁成员国自愿为区域中心捐款，以便该中心继续开展工作，", "又回顾秘书长吁请[2] 会员国继续提供财政和实物支持，以便区域中心能充分执行其任务并对非洲国家的援助请求作出更有效的反应，", "1. 表示注意到秘书长的报告；[3]", "2. 欣见联合国和平与裁军非洲区域中心在该大陆开展活动，满足非洲会员国在裁军、和平与安全领域不断变化的需要，", "3. 又欣见区域中心着手就秘书长报告详述的小武器和轻武器管制及其库存管理和销毁、拟议的武器贸易条约和大规模毁灭性武器相关问题，向非洲联盟委员会和各次区域组织提供能力建设、技术援助方案和咨询服务；", "4. 还欣见区域中心在促进该大陆的裁军、和平与安全，特别是帮助非洲联盟委员会制定非洲联盟控制小武器和轻武器非法扩散、流通和贩运战略以及持续谋求有关拟议中的武器贸易条约的非洲共同立场方面做出的贡献；并欢迎中心帮助非洲原子能委员会执行《非洲无核武器区条约》（《佩林达巴条约》）；[4]", "5. 赞赏地注意到区域中心在区域一级取得的实际成果和发挥的影响，包括帮助中部非洲国家拟订《中部非洲管制小武器和轻武器及其弹药和一切用于制造、维修或组装此类武器的零部件公约》《金沙萨公约》，[5] 帮助中部非洲和西非各国拟订其各自关于武器贸易条约的共同立场，帮助西非实施安全部门改革的举措，并帮助东非制订管制小武器和轻武器中介活动的方案；", "6. 又赞赏地注意到区域中心在一些非洲国家对“一个联合国”方式、以及对联合国的机构间机制，包括联合国发展援助框架、共同国家评估和减贫战略文件作出的贡献；", "7. 敦促所有国家以及国际政府组织、非政府组织和基金会提供自愿捐款，以使区域中心能够实施其方案和活动，满足非洲国家的需求；", "8. 尤其敦促非洲联盟成员国按非洲联盟执行理事会2006年1月在喀土穆作出的决定，自愿为联合国和平与裁军非洲区域中心信托基金捐款；¹", "9. 请秘书长继续推动区域中心和非洲联盟尤其在裁军、和平与安全领域开展密切的合作；", "10. 又请秘书长继续为区域中心提供必要支持，以便取得更大成就和成果；", "11. 还请秘书长就本决议的执行情况向大会第六十七届会议提出报告；", "12. 决定将题为“联合国和平与裁军非洲区域中心”的分项目列入大会第六十七届会议临时议程。", "2011年12月2日", "第71次全体会议", "[1] A/60/693，附件二，EX.CL/Dec.263(VIII)号决定。", "[2] 见A/66/159，第58段。", "[3] A/66/159。", "[4] 见A/50/426，附件。", "[5] 见A/65/517-S/2010/534，附件。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 2 December 2011", "[on the report of the First Committee (A/66/413)]", "66/58. United Nations Regional Centre for Peace and Disarmament in Africa", "The General Assembly,", "Mindful of the provisions of Article 11, paragraph 1, of the Charter of the United Nations stipulating that a function of the General Assembly is to consider the general principles of cooperation in the maintenance of international peace and security, including the principles governing disarmament and arms limitation,", "Recalling its resolutions 40/151 G of 16 December 1985, 41/60 D of 3 December 1986, 42/39 J of 30 November 1987 and 43/76 D of 7 December 1988 on the United Nations Regional Centre for Peace and Disarmament in Africa and its resolutions 46/36 F of 6 December 1991 and 47/52 G of 9 December 1992 on regional disarmament, including confidence-building measures,", "Recalling also its resolutions 48/76 E of 16 December 1993, 49/76 D of 15 December 1994, 50/71 C of 12 December 1995, 51/46 E of 10 December 1996, 52/220 of 22 December 1997, 53/78 C of 4 December 1998, 54/55 B of 1 December 1999, 55/34 D of 20 November 2000, 56/25 D of 29 November 2001, 57/91 of 22 November 2002, 58/61 of 8 December 2003, 59/101 of 3 December 2004, 60/86 of 8 December 2005, 61/93 of 6 December 2006, 62/216 of 22 December 2007, 63/80 of 2 December 2008 and 64/62 of 2 December 2009,", "Reaffirming the role of the Regional Centre in promoting disarmament, peace and security at the regional level,", "Welcoming the continuing and deepening cooperation between the Regional Centre and the African Union, in particular its institutions in the fields of disarmament, peace and security, as well as between the Centre and relevant United Nations bodies and programmes in Africa, and considering the communiqué adopted by the Peace and Security Council of the African Union at its two-hundredth meeting, held in Addis Ababa on 21 August 2009,", "Recalling the decision taken by the Executive Council of the African Union at its eighth ordinary session, held in Khartoum from 16 to 21 January 2006,[1] in which the Council called upon member States to make voluntary contributions to the Regional Centre to maintain its operations,", "Recalling also the call by the Secretary-General for continued financial and in kind support from Member States,[2] which would enable the Regional Centre to discharge its mandate in full and to respond more effectively to requests for assistance from African States,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General;[3]", "2. Welcomes the continental dimension of the activities of the United Nations Regional Centre for Peace and Disarmament in Africa in response to the evolving needs of African Member States in the areas of disarmament, peace and security;", "3. Also welcomes the undertaking by the Regional Centre to provide capacity-building, technical assistance programmes and advisory services to the African Union Commission and subregional organizations on the control of small arms and light weapons, including on stockpile management and destruction, the proposed arms trade treaty and issues related to weapons of mass destruction, as detailed in the report of the Secretary-General;", "4. Further welcomes the contribution of the Regional Centre to continental disarmament, peace and security, in particular its assistance to the African Union Commission in the elaboration of the African Union Strategy on the Control of Illicit Proliferation, Circulation and Trafficking of Small Arms and Light Weapons and the ongoing process of seeking an African common position on the proposed arms trade treaty, and to the African Commission on Nuclear Energy in its implementation of the African Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty (Treaty of Pelindaba);[4]", "5. Notes with appreciation the tangible achievements and impact of the Regional Centre at the regional level, including its assistance to Central African States in their elaboration of the Central African Convention for the Control of Small Arms and Light Weapons, Their Ammunition and All Parts and Components That Can Be Used for Their Manufacture, Repair and Assembly (Kinshasa Convention),[5] to Central and West African States in the elaboration of their respective common positions on the proposed arms trade treaty, to West Africa on security sector reform initiatives, and to East Africa on programmes to control brokering of small arms and light weapons;", "6. Also notes with appreciation the contribution of the Regional Centre to the “One United Nations” approach and to United Nations inter-agency mechanisms, including the United Nations Development Assistance Framework, the common country assessments and the poverty reduction strategy papers, in a number of African countries;", "7. Urges all States, as well as international governmental and non‑governmental organizations and foundations, to make voluntary contributions to enable the Regional Centre to carry out its programmes and activities and meet the needs of the African States;", "8. Urges, in particular, States members of the African Union to make voluntary contributions to the Trust Fund for the United Nations Regional Centre for Peace and Disarmament in Africa in conformity with the decision taken by the Executive Council of the African Union in Khartoum in January 2006;¹", "9. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to facilitate close cooperation between the Regional Centre and the African Union, in particular in the areas of disarmament, peace and security;", "10. Also requests the Secretary-General to continue to provide the necessary support to the Regional Centre for greater achievements and results;", "11. Further requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the implementation of the present resolution;", "12. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the sub-item entitled “United Nations Regional Centre for Peace and Disarmament in Africa”.", "71st plenary meeting 2 December 2011", "[1]  A/60/693, annex II, decision EX.CL/Dec.263 (VIII).", "[2]  See A/66/159, para. 58.", "[3]  A/66/159.", "[4]  See A/50/426, annex.", "[5]  See A/65/517‑S/2010/534, annex." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 2 December 2011", "[on the report of the First Committee (A/64/413)]", "United Nations Regional Centre for Peace and Disarmament in Africa", "The General Assembly,", "Bearing in mind that article 11, paragraph 1, of the Charter of the United Nations provides that one of the functions of the General Assembly is to consider the general principles of cooperation in the maintenance of international peace and security, including those relating to disarmament and arms limitation,", "Recalling its resolutions 40/15G of 16 December 1985, 41/60D of 3 December 1986, 42/39 J of 30 November 1987 and 43/76D of 7 December 1988 on the United Nations Regional Centre for Peace and Disarmament in Africa and its resolutions 46/36F of 6 December 1991 on regional disarmament, including confidence-building measures, and 47/52G of 9 December 1992,", "Recalling also its resolutions 48/76 E of 16 December 1993, 4976 D of 15 December 1994, 50/11 C of 12 December 1995, 51/46E of 10 December 1996, 52/220 of 22 December 1997, 53/208 C of 4 December 1998, 54/5B of 1 December 1999, 55/34D of 20 November 2000, 56/25 of 29 November 2001, 59/61 of 22 December 2008, 62/261 of 22 December 2006, 63/61 of 22 December 2008, 62/236 of 22 December 2006, 63/61 of 22 December 2008, 59/76 of 22 December 2008, 61/66 of 8 December 2008, 61/61 of 22 December 2008, 59/76 of 22 December 2008, 59/76 of 22 December 2008, 59/61 of 22 December 2008,", "Reaffirming the role of the regional centres in promoting disarmament, peace and security at the regional level,", "Welcoming the continuing and deepening cooperation between the Regional Centre and the African Union, in particular its institutions in the field of disarmament, peace and security, as well as the regional centres and relevant United Nations agencies and programmes in Africa, taking into account the communiqué adopted at the 2100th meeting of the African Union Peace and Security Council, held in Addis Ababa on 21 August 2009,", "Recalling the decision taken by the Executive Council of the African Union at its eighth regular session, held in Khartoum from 16 to 21 January 2006, and calling upon Member States to contribute voluntarily to the regional centres in order to enable the Centre to continue its work,", "Recalling also that the Secretary-General calls upon [2] Member States to continue to provide financial and in-kind support to enable the regional centres to fully implement their mandates and to respond more effectively to requests for assistance from African countries,", "Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General; [3]", "Welcoming the activities of the United Nations Regional Centre for Peace and Disarmament in Africa on the continent to meet the evolving needs of African Member States in the field of disarmament, peace and security,", "Also welcomes the initiative of the Regional Centre to provide capacity-building, technical assistance programmes and advisory services to the African Union Commission and regional organizations on issues related to the control of small arms and light weapons and their stockpile management and destruction, the proposed arms trade treaty and weapons of mass destruction, as detailed in the report of the Secretary-General;", "Further welcomes the contribution made by the Regional Centre in promoting disarmament, peace and security on the continent, in particular by helping the African Union Commission to develop a strategy for the control of illicit proliferation, circulation and trafficking of small arms and light weapons, as well as the ongoing search for African Common Position on the proposed arms trade treaty; and welcomes the contribution of the Centre to the African Atomic Energy Commission in the implementation of the African Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty (Plindaba Treaty); [4]", "Notes with appreciation the practical results and impact of the regional centres at the regional level, including helping Central African States to develop the Kinshasa Convention on the Control of Small Arms and Light Weapons, Their Ammunition and All Aspects for the manufacture, maintenance or clustering of such weapons in Central Africa, [5] to assist States in Central Africa and West Africa in developing their respective common positions on arms trade treaties to help West Africa implement security sector reform initiatives and to help East Africa develop programmes for the control of brokering in small arms and light weapons;", "Also notes with appreciation the contribution of the Regional Centre to the “One United Nations” approach in some African countries and to the inter-agency mechanisms of the United Nations, including the United Nations Development Assistance Framework, the Common Country Assessment and the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper;", "Urges all States and international governmental organizations, non-governmental organizations and foundations to make voluntary contributions to enable the regional centres to implement their programmes and activities to meet the needs of African countries;", "Urges, in particular, the member States of the African Union to make voluntary contributions to the Trust Fund for the United Nations Regional Centre for Peace and Disarmament in Africa, as decided by the African Union Executive Council in Khartoum in January 2006;1", "Requests the Secretary-General to continue to promote close cooperation between the regional centres and the African Union, in particular in the areas of disarmament, peace and security;", "Also requests the Secretary-General to continue to provide the regional centres with the necessary support to achieve greater achievements and results;", "Further requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the implementation of the present resolution;", "Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session a sub-item entitled “United Nations Regional Centre for Peace and Disarmament in Africa”.", "2 December 2011", "71st plenary meeting", "A/60/693, annex II, decision EX.CL/Dec.263 (VIII).", "[2] See A/64/259, para.", "[3] A/64/259.", "[4] See A/50/426, annex.", "[5] See A/65/517-Situ534, annex." ]

[ "2011年12月2日大会决议", "[根据第一委员会的报告(A/66/414)通过]", "66/59. 裁军谈判会议的报告", "大会，", "审议了裁军谈判会议的报告，[1]", "深信裁军谈判会议作为国际社会唯一的多边裁军谈判论坛，在就裁军的优先问题开展实质性谈判方面可发挥首要作用，", "认识到大会主席和秘书长以及各国外交部长和其他高级官员在裁军谈判会议中的发言表达了对谈判会议所作努力的支持，", "又认识到有必要进行多边谈判，就具体问题达成协议，并认为目前的国际气氛应进一步推动多边谈判，", "在这方面，回顾裁军谈判会议有若干紧迫和重要的问题需要谈判，", "注意到2010年9月24日秘书长倡议召集的关于振兴裁军谈判会议的工作和推进多边裁军谈判的高级别会议的后续讨论，并确认高级官员在2011年表示继续支持裁军谈判会议，", "再次关切地注意到裁军谈判会议十多年来一直未能如大会2010年12月8日第65/85号决议设想的那样展开实质性工作，包括展开谈判，也未能商定工作方案，", "欢迎会员国再次普遍呼吁以更灵活的方式在全面均衡的工作方案的基础上不再拖延地展开裁军谈判会议的实质性工作，", "赞赏裁军谈判会议成员国之间以及2011年会议六位历任主席间的持续合作，", "赞赏地注意到2011年裁军会议期间对推动就议程上的各个问题进行实质性讨论作出的重大贡献，以及对可能与目前国际安全环境也有关联的其他问题进行的讨论，", "欢迎根据裁军谈判会议的决定，裁军谈判会议2011年会议期间民间社会与谈判会议的互动协作有所增加，", "强调裁军谈判会议迫切需要在其2012年会议初期即开始实质性工作，", "1. 重申裁军谈判会议作为国际社会唯一的多边裁军谈判论坛的作用；", "2. 吁请裁军谈判会议铭记2009年5月29日谈判会议通过的关于工作方案的决定，[2] 进一步加紧磋商并探索各种可能性，以便在2012年会议期间尽早通过一份全面均衡的工作方案；", "3. 表示赞赏各国外交部长和其他高级官员在2011年会议期间对裁军谈判会议所表示的大力支持，并考虑到他们要求以更灵活的方式不再拖延地开始谈判会议的实质性工作；", "4. 欢迎裁军谈判会议决定请现任主席和下任主席在闭会期间进行磋商，并在可能的情况下提出建议，其中应考虑到包括作为谈判会议文件提交的各项提案在内的过去、现在和今后提出的所有相关提案以及所提出的看法和所进行的讨论，并力求将磋商情况酌情随时告知谈判会议全体成员；", "5． 请裁军谈判会议所有成员国与现任主席和继任主席合作，协助他们努力引导谈判会议在2012年会议期间及早开始实质性工作，包括展开谈判；", "6. 认识到就扩大裁军谈判会议成员范围问题继续进行磋商的重要性；", "7. 请秘书长继续确保向裁军谈判会议提供一切必要的行政、实务和会议支助服务，并在需要时加强这些服务；", "8. 请裁军谈判会议向大会第六十七届会议提交其工作报告；", "9. 决定将题为“裁军谈判会议的报告”的分项目列入大会第六十七届会议临时议程。", "2011年12月2日", "第71次全体会议", "[1] 《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第27号》(A/66/27)。", "[2] CD/1864。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 2 December 2011", "[on the report of the First Committee (A/66/414)]", "66/59. Report of the Conference on Disarmament", "The General Assembly,", "Having considered the report of the Conference on Disarmament,[1]", "Convinced that the Conference on Disarmament, as the sole multilateral disarmament negotiating forum of the international community, has the primary role in substantive negotiations on priority questions of disarmament,", "Recognizing the addresses of the President of the General Assembly and the Secretary-General of the United Nations, as well as the addresses of Ministers for Foreign Affairs and other high-level officials in the Conference on Disarmament, as expressions of support for the endeavours of the Conference,", "Recognizing also the need to conduct multilateral negotiations with the aim of reaching agreement on concrete issues, and considering that the present international climate should give additional impetus to multilateral negotiations,", "Recalling, in this respect, that the Conference on Disarmament has a number of urgent and important issues for negotiation,", "Noting the follow-up discussions to the high-level meeting on revitalizing the work of the Conference on Disarmament and taking forward multilateral negotiations, held on 24 September 2010 at the initiative of the Secretary-General, and acknowledging the continued support for the Conference expressed by high-level officials in 2011,", "Noting with renewed concern that the Conference on Disarmament has been unable to commence its substantive work, including negotiations, for over a decade, as envisaged by the General Assembly in its resolution 65/85 of 8 December 2010, or to agree on a programme of work,", "Welcoming the renewed overwhelming call for greater flexibility with respect to commencing the substantive work of the Conference on Disarmament without further delay, on the basis of a balanced and comprehensive programme of work,", "Appreciating the continued cooperation among the States members of the Conference on Disarmament as well as the six successive Presidents of the Conference at its 2011 session,", "Noting with appreciation the significant contributions made during the 2011 session to promote substantive discussions on issues on the agenda, as well as the discussions held on other issues that could also be relevant to the current international security environment,", "Welcoming the enhanced engagement between civil society and the Conference on Disarmament at its 2011 session according to decisions taken by the Conference,", "Stressing the urgent need for the Conference on Disarmament to commence its substantive work at the beginning of its 2012 session,", "1. Reaffirms the role of the Conference on Disarmament as the sole multilateral disarmament negotiating forum of the international community;", "2. Calls upon the Conference on Disarmament to further intensify consultations and explore possibilities with a view to adopting a balanced and comprehensive programme of work at the earliest possible date during its 2012 session, bearing in mind the decision on the programme of work adopted by the Conference on 29 May 2009;[2]", "3. Expresses its appreciation for the strong support expressed for the Conference on Disarmament during its 2011 session by Ministers for Foreign Affairs and other high-level officials, and takes into account their calls for greater flexibility with respect to commencing the substantive work of the Conference without further delay;", "4. Welcomes the decision of the Conference on Disarmament to request the current President and the incoming President to conduct consultations during the intersessional period and, if possible, make recommendations, taking into account all relevant proposals, past, present and future, including those submitted as documents of the Conference, views presented and discussions held, and to endeavour to keep the membership of the Conference informed, as appropriate, of their consultations;", "5. Requests all States members of the Conference on Disarmament to cooperate with the current President and successive Presidents in their efforts to guide the Conference to the early commencement of its substantive work, including negotiations, in its 2012 session;", "6. Recognizes the importance of continuing consultations on the question of the expansion of the membership of the Conference on Disarmament;", "7. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to ensure and strengthen, if needed, the provision to the Conference on Disarmament of all necessary administrative, substantive and conference support services;", "8. Requests the Conference on Disarmament to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session a report on its work;", "9. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the sub-item entitled “Report of the Conference on Disarmament”.", "71st plenary meeting 2 December 2011", "[1]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 27 (A/66/27).", "[2]  CD/1864." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 2 December 2011", "[on the report of the First Committee (A/64/414)]", "Report of the Conference on Disarmament", "The General Assembly,", "Having considered the report of the Conference on Disarmament, including the report of the Conference on Disarmament,", "Convinced that the Conference on Disarmament, as the only multilateral disarmament negotiating forum of the international community, can play a primary role in substantive negotiations on priority issues of disarmament,", "Recognizing the statements made by the President of the General Assembly and the Secretary-General, as well as by the Ministers for Foreign Affairs and other senior officials in the Conference on Disarmament, expressing support for the efforts of the Conference,", "Recognizing also the need for multilateral negotiations to reach agreement on specific issues and that the current international climate should further promote multilateral negotiations,", "In this regard, it is recalled that the Conference on Disarmament has a number of urgent and important issues requiring negotiations,", "Taking note of the follow-up discussions convened by the Secretary-General on 24 September 2010 on the revitalization of the work of the Conference on Disarmament and the promotion of multilateral disarmament negotiations, and recognizing the continued support of senior officials in the Conference on Disarmament in 2011,", "Reiterating its concern at the fact that the Conference on Disarmament has been unable, for more than 10 years, to carry out substantive work, including through negotiations, as envisaged by the General Assembly in its resolution 65/85 of 8 December 2010, as well as to agree on a programme of work,", "Welcoming the renewed call by Member States to pursue the substantive work of the Conference on Disarmament in a more flexible manner, based on a comprehensive and balanced programme of work,", "Appreciating the continuing cooperation between the member States of the Conference on Disarmament and the six Presidents of the 2011 Conference,", "Noting with appreciation the significant contribution made during the disarmament conference in 2011 to the substantive discussions on the various issues on the agenda, as well as discussions on other issues that may be associated with the current international security environment,", "Welcoming the increased collaboration between civil society and the negotiating conference during the Conference on Disarmament in 2011, in accordance with the decision of the Conference on Disarmament,", "Emphasizing the urgent need for the Conference on Disarmament to begin its substantive work at the beginning of its 2012 session,", "Reaffirms the role of the Conference on Disarmament as the only multilateral disarmament negotiating forum of the international community;", "Calls upon the Conference on Disarmament, bearing in mind the decision on the programme of work adopted by the Conference on 29 May 2009, [2] to further intensify consultations and explore possibilities to adopt a comprehensive and balanced programme of work as early as possible during the 2012 session;", "Expresses its appreciation to the Ministers for Foreign Affairs and other senior officials of States for their strong support for the Conference on Disarmament during the 2011 session, and for their request to commence the substantive work of the negotiating conference in a more flexible manner;", "Welcomes the decision of the Conference on Disarmament to invite the current President and the next President to consult intersessionally and, if possible, to make recommendations, taking into account all relevant proposals, present and future submissions, including those submitted as documents of the Conference, as well as the views and discussions that have been made, and to seek to keep the consultations informed, as appropriate, of all the members of the Conference;", "Requests all States members of the Conference on Disarmament, in cooperation with the current President and the successor, to assist them in their efforts to guide the negotiations to commence substantive work early during the 2012 session, including through negotiations;", "Recognizes the importance of continuing consultations on the expansion of the membership of the Conference on Disarmament;", "Requests the Secretary-General to continue to ensure that all necessary administrative, substantive and conference support services are provided to the Conference on Disarmament and to strengthen those services when required;", "Requests the Conference on Disarmament to submit its report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session a sub-item entitled “Report of the Conference on Disarmament”.", "2 December 2011", "71st plenary meeting", "See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 27 (A/64/27).", "[2] CD/1864." ]

[ "2011年12月2日大会决议", "[根据第一委员会的报告(A/66/414)通过]", "66/60. 裁军审议委员会的报告", "大会，", "审议了裁军审议委员会的报告，[1]", "回顾其1992年12月9日第47/54 A号、1993年4月8日第47/54 G号、1993年12月16日第48/77 A号、1994年12月15日第49/77 A号、1995年12月12日第50/72 D号、1996年12月10日第51/47 B号、1997年12月9日第52/40 B号、1998年12月4日第53/79 A号、1999年12月1日第54/56 A号、2000年11月20日第55/35 C号、2001年11月29日第56/26 A号、2002年11月22日第57/95号、2003年12月8日第58/67号、2004年12月3日第59/105号、2005年12月8日第60/91号、2006年12月6日第61/98号、2007年12月5日第62/54号、2008年12月2日第63/83号、2009年12月2日第64/65号和2010年12月8日第65/86号决议，", "考虑到要求裁军审议委员会在审查裁军领域各种问题并就其提出建议和在推动执行大会第十届特别会议通过的有关决定方面发挥的作用和它在这方面应该作出的贡献，", "1. 注意到裁军审议委员会的报告；¹", "2. 重申其关于裁军审议委员会有效运作的1998年9月8日第52/492号决定依然有效；", "3. 回顾其在第61/98号决议中采取了提高裁军审议委员会工作方法实效的补充措施；", "4. 重申裁军审议委员会是联合国多边裁军机制内从事审议工作的专门机构，任务是深入审议具体裁军问题，并进而就这些问题提出具体建议；", "5. 又重申进一步加强大会第一委员会、裁军审议委员会和裁军谈判会议之间的对话与合作的重要性；", "6. 请裁军审议委员会根据大会第十届特别会议《最后文件》[2] 第118段中规定的任务，按照大会1982年12月9日第37/78H号决议第3段，继续开展工作，并为此目的，根据已获通过的“加强裁军审议委员会执行职责的途径和方法”，[3] 尽力就其议程项目提出具体建议；", "7. 建议裁军审议委员会在其2012年实质性会议开始之前，按照第52/492号决定，加强磋商，以期就其议程上的项目达成协议；", "8. 请裁军审议委员会在2012年、即4月2日至20日召开会议，时间不超过三周，并向大会第六十七届会议提交实务报告；", "9. 请秘书长向裁军审议委员会转递裁军谈判会议的年度报告[4] 以及大会第六十六届会议有关裁军事项的所有正式记录，并向委员会提供执行本决议所需的一切协助；", "10. 又请秘书长确保在正式语文的口译和笔译方面为裁军审议委员会及其附属机构提供充分便利，并为此优先安排一切必要的资源和服务，包括逐字记录；", "11. 决定将题为“裁军审议委员会的报告”的分项目列入大会第六十七届会议临时议程。", "2011年12月2日", "第71次全体会议", "[1] 《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第42号》(A/66/42)。", "[2] S-10/2号决议。", "[3] A/CN.10/137。", "[4] 《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第27号》(A/66/27)。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 2 December 2011", "[on the report of the First Committee (A/66/414)]", "66/60. Report of the Disarmament Commission", "The General Assembly,", "Having considered the report of the Disarmament Commission,[1]", "Recalling its resolutions 47/54 A of 9 December 1992, 47/54 G of 8 April 1993, 48/77 A of 16 December 1993, 49/77 A of 15 December 1994, 50/72 D of 12 December 1995, 51/47 B of 10 December 1996, 52/40 B of 9 December 1997, 53/79 A of 4 December 1998, 54/56 A of 1 December 1999, 55/35 C of 20 November 2000, 56/26 A of 29 November 2001, 57/95 of 22 November 2002, 58/67 of 8 December 2003, 59/105 of 3 December 2004, 60/91 of 8 December 2005, 61/98 of 6 December 2006, 62/54 of 5 December 2007, 63/83 of 2 December 2008, 64/65 of 2 December 2009 and 65/86 of 8 December 2010,", "Considering the role that the Disarmament Commission has been called upon to play and the contribution that it should make in examining and submitting recommendations on various problems in the field of disarmament and in promoting the implementation of the relevant decisions adopted by the General Assembly at its tenth special session,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Disarmament Commission;¹", "2. Reaffirms the validity of its decision 52/492 of 8 September 1998 concerning the efficient functioning of the Disarmament Commission;", "3. Recalls its resolution 61/98, in which it adopted additional measures for improving the effectiveness of the Disarmament Commission’s methods of work;", "4. Reaffirms the mandate of the Disarmament Commission as the specialized, deliberative body within the United Nations multilateral disarmament machinery that allows for in-depth deliberations on specific disarmament issues, leading to the submission of concrete recommendations on those issues;", "5. Also reaffirms the importance of further enhancing the dialogue and cooperation among the First Committee, the Disarmament Commission and the Conference on Disarmament;", "6. Requests the Disarmament Commission to continue its work in accordance with its mandate, as set forth in paragraph 118 of the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly,[2] and with paragraph 3 of Assembly resolution 37/78 H of 9 December 1982, and to that end to make every effort to achieve specific recommendations on the items on its agenda, taking into account the adopted “Ways and means to enhance the functioning of the Disarmament Commission”;[3]", "7. Recommends that the Disarmament Commission intensify consultations with a view to reaching agreement on the items on its agenda, in accordance with decision 52/492, before the start of its substantive session of 2012;", "8. Requests the Disarmament Commission to meet for a period not exceeding three weeks during 2012, namely from 2 to 20 April, and to submit a substantive report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "9. Requests the Secretary-General to transmit to the Disarmament Commission the annual report of the Conference on Disarmament,[4] together with all the official records of the sixty-sixth session of the General Assembly relating to disarmament matters, and to render all assistance that the Commission may require for implementing the present resolution;", "10. Also requests the Secretary-General to ensure full provision to the Disarmament Commission and its subsidiary bodies of interpretation and translation facilities in the official languages and to assign, as a matter of priority, all the necessary resources and services, including verbatim records, to that end;", "11. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the sub-item entitled “Report of the Disarmament Commission”.", "71st plenary meeting 2 December 2011", "[1]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 42 (A/66/42).", "[2]  Resolution S‑10/2.", "[3]  A/CN.10/137.", "[4]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 27 (A/66/27)." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 2 December 2011", "[on the report of the First Committee (A/64/414)]", "Report of the Disarmament Commission", "The General Assembly,", "Having considered the report of the Disarmament Commission, including alternative approaches", "Recalling its resolutions 47/54 A of 9 December 1992, 47/54 G of 8 April 1993, 48/77 A of 16 December 1993, 49/77 A of 15 December 1994, 50/172 D of 12 December 1995, 51/47 B of 10 December 1996, 52/40 B of 9 December 1997, 53/279 A of 4 December 1998, 54/556 of 1 December 1999, 59/5 of 29 December 2008, 59/167 of 20 November 2007, 59/566 of 29 December 2008, 59/05 of 20 November 2008, 59/05 of 20 November 2007, 59/566 of 22 December 2008, 59 of 29 November 2008, 59/05 of 20 November 2008, 59/05 of 20 November 2008, 59/2009 of 20 November 2008, 59/05 of 20 November 2008,", "Bearing in mind the role of the Disarmament Commission in reviewing issues in the field of disarmament and its recommendations and in promoting the implementation of the relevant decisions adopted by the General Assembly at its tenth special session and its contribution in that regard,", "Takes note of the report of the Disarmament Commission;1", "Reaffirms its decision 52/492 of 8 September 1998 on the effective functioning of the Disarmament Commission;", "Recalls that, in its resolution 61/98, additional measures have been taken to enhance the effectiveness of the working methods of the Disarmament Commission;", "Reaffirms that the Disarmament Commission is the specialized agency of the United Nations multilateral disarmament machinery for its deliberations, tasked with the in-depth consideration of specific disarmament issues, and therefore makes specific recommendations on those issues;", "Also reaffirms the importance of further strengthening dialogue and cooperation between the First Committee, the Disarmament Commission and the Conference on Disarmament;", "Requests the Disarmament Commission to continue its work, in accordance with the mandate set out in paragraph 118 of the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly, in accordance with paragraph 3 of General Assembly resolution 37/78H of 9 December 1982, and, to that end, to make every effort to make specific recommendations on its agenda item, in accordance with the adopted “Means and means of strengthening the functioning of the Disarmament Commission”;", "Recommends that the Disarmament Commission, prior to its substantive session of 2012, strengthen its consultations, in accordance with decision 52/492, with a view to reaching agreement on the items on its agenda;", "Requests the Disarmament Commission to convene a meeting from 2 to 20 April 2012 for a period not exceeding three weeks and to submit a substantive report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "Requests the Secretary-General to transmit to the Disarmament Commission the annual report of the Conference on Disarmament [4] and all the official records of the sixty-sixth session of the General Assembly on disarmament matters, and to provide the Committee with all the assistance necessary to implement the present resolution;", "Also requests the Secretary-General to ensure that the interpretation and translation of the official languages are fully facilitated by the Disarmament Commission and its subsidiary bodies, and to prioritize all necessary resources and services, including verbatim records;", "Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session a sub-item entitled “Report of the Disarmament Commission”.", "2 December 2011", "71st plenary meeting", "See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 42 (A/64/42).", "[2] S-10/2.", "[3] A/CN.10/137.", "[4] Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 27 (A/66/27)." ]

[ "2011年12月2日大会决议", "[根据第一委员会的报告(A/66/415)通过]", "66/61. 中东的核扩散危险", "大会，", "铭记其各项有关决议，", "注意到国际原子能机构大会通过的各项有关决议，最近的决议为2011年9月23日通过的GC(55)/RES/14号决议，[1]", "认知到中东地区的核武器扩散会对国际和平与安全构成严重威胁，", "念及立即需要将中东地区的所有核设施置于原子能机构的全面保障监督之下，", "回顾不扩散核武器条约缔约国1995年审议和延期大会于1995年5月11日通过的关于核不扩散和裁军原则和目标的决定，[2] 其中审议和延期大会促请将普遍加入《不扩散核武器条约》[3] 作为优先急务，并呼吁所有尚未加入《条约》的国家，特别是那些使用未接受保障监督的核设施的国家尽早加入，", "满意地认识到，在不扩散核武器条约缔约国2000年审议大会的《最后文件》[4] 中，审议大会承诺坚定不移地努力实现《条约》普遍性的目标，呼吁尚未加入《条约》的国家加入《条约》，从而接受具有法律约束力的国际承诺，不获取核武器或核爆炸装置，接受原子能机构对其所有核活动的保障监督，并强调《条约》必须得到普遍遵守，以及所有缔约国均须严格履行《条约》规定的义务，", "回顾1995年审议和延期大会1995年5月11日通过的关于中东的决议，² 其中审议和延期大会关切地注意到中东继续存在未受保障监督的核设施，重申早日实现普遍遵守《条约》的重要性，呼吁尚未加入《条约》的所有中东国家毫无例外地尽快加入《条约》，并将其所有核设施置于原子能机构的全面保障监督之下，", "满意地注意到在不扩散核武器条约缔约国2010年审议大会的《最后文件》[5] 中，审议大会强调必须开展一个进程促使充分实施1995年关于中东的决议，并决定除其他外，联合国秘书长和1995年该项决议的共同提案国与该区域国家协商，于2012年召开一次会议，由中东所有国家参加，在该区域各国自由作出安排的基础上，并在核武器国家充分支持和参与下，讨论如何建立中东无核武器和其他所有大规模毁灭性武器区的问题，", "回顾以色列是中东唯一尚未成为条约缔约国的国家，", "关切核武器的扩散对中东地区的安全与稳定构成威胁，", "强调必须采取建立信任措施，特别是建立中东无核武器区，以便增进该地区的和平与安全并巩固全球不扩散机制，", "着重指出直接有关各方需要根据大会有关决议，认真考虑立即切实采取必要步骤来执行建立中东无核武器区的建议，并为促进实现这一目标，请有关国家遵守《条约》，在建立无核武器区之前，同意将其所有核活动置于原子能机构的保障监督之下，", "注意到一百八十二个国家，包括该地区的一些国家，已经签署《全面禁止核试验条约》，[6]", "1. 欢迎不扩散核武器条约缔约国2010年审议大会关于中东问题的结论；[7]", "2. 重申以色列必须加入《不扩散核武器条约》，³ 并将其所有核设施置于国际原子能机构的全面保障监督之下，以实现中东普遍遵守《条约》的目标；", "3. 呼吁该国不再拖延，立即加入《条约》，不发展、生产、试验或以其他方式取得核武器，放弃拥有核武器，并将其所有未受保障监督的核设施置于原子能机构的全面保障监督之下，作为该地区各国之间建立信任的重要措施和增进和平与安全的步骤；", "4. 请秘书长就本决议的执行情况向大会第六十七届会议提出报告；", "5. 决定将题为“中东的核扩散危险”的项目列入大会第六十七届会议临时议程。", "2011年12月2日", "第71次全体会议", "[1] 见国际原子能机构，《大会决议和其他决定，第五十五届常会，2011年9月19日至23日》(GC(55)/RES/DEC(2011))。", "[2] 见《不扩散核武器条约缔约国1995年审议和延期大会，最后文件》，第一部分(NPT/CONF. 1995/32(Part I)，附件。", "[3] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第729卷，第10485号。", "[4] 《不扩散核武器条约缔约国2000年审议大会，最后文件》，第一至三卷(NPT/CONF.2000/28 (Part I-IV))。", "[5] 《不扩散核武器条约缔约国2010年审议大会，最后文件》，第一至三卷(NPT/CONF.2010/ 50(Vol.I-III))。", "[6] 见第50/245号决议。", "[7] 《不扩散核武器条约缔约国2010年审议大会，最后文件》，第一卷(NPT/CONF.2010/50 (Vol.I))，第一部分，“结论和后续行动建议”，第四节。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 2 December 2011", "[on the report of the First Committee (A/66/415)]", "66/61. The risk of nuclear proliferation in the Middle East", "The General Assembly,", "Bearing in mind its relevant resolutions,", "Taking note of the relevant resolutions adopted by the General Conference of the International Atomic Energy Agency, the latest of which is resolution GC(55)/RES/14, adopted on 23 September 2011,[1]", "Cognizant that the proliferation of nuclear weapons in the region of the Middle East would pose a serious threat to international peace and security,", "Mindful of the immediate need for placing all nuclear facilities in the region of the Middle East under full-scope safeguards of the Agency,", "Recalling the decision on principles and objectives for nuclear non‑proliferation and disarmament adopted by the 1995 Review and Extension Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons on 11 May 1995,[2] in which the Conference urged universal adherence to the Treaty[3] as an urgent priority and called upon all States not yet parties to the Treaty to accede to it at the earliest date, particularly those States that operate unsafeguarded nuclear facilities,", "Recognizing with satisfaction that, in the Final Document of the 2000 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,[4] the Conference undertook to make determined efforts towards the achievement of the goal of universality of the Treaty, called upon those remaining States not parties to the Treaty to accede to it, thereby accepting an international legally binding commitment not to acquire nuclear weapons or nuclear explosive devices and to accept Agency safeguards on all their nuclear activities, and underlined the necessity of universal adherence to the Treaty and of strict compliance by all parties with their obligations under the Treaty,", "Recalling the resolution on the Middle East adopted by the 1995 Review and Extension Conference on 11 May 1995,² in which the Conference noted with concern the continued existence in the Middle East of unsafeguarded nuclear facilities, reaffirmed the importance of the early realization of universal adherence to the Treaty and called upon all States in the Middle East that had not yet done so, without exception, to accede to the Treaty as soon as possible and to place all their nuclear facilities under full-scope Agency safeguards,", "Noting with satisfaction that, in the Final Document of the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,[5] the Conference emphasized the importance of a process leading to full implementation of the 1995 resolution on the Middle East and decided, inter alia, that the Secretary-General of the United Nations and the co-sponsors of the 1995 resolution, in consultation with the States of the region, would convene a conference in 2012, to be attended by all States of the Middle East, on the establishment of a Middle East zone free of nuclear weapons and all other weapons of mass destruction, on the basis of arrangements freely arrived at by the States of the region and with the full support and engagement of the nuclear-weapon States,", "Recalling that Israel remains the only State in the Middle East that has not yet become a party to the Treaty,", "Concerned about the threats posed by the proliferation of nuclear weapons to the security and stability of the Middle East region,", "Stressing the importance of taking confidence-building measures, in particular the establishment of a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the Middle East, in order to enhance peace and security in the region and to consolidate the global non‑proliferation regime,", "Emphasizing the need for all parties directly concerned to seriously consider taking the practical and urgent steps required for the implementation of the proposal to establish a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the region of the Middle East in accordance with the relevant resolutions of the General Assembly and, as a means of promoting this objective, inviting the countries concerned to adhere to the Treaty and, pending the establishment of the zone, to agree to place all their nuclear activities under Agency safeguards,", "Noting that one hundred and eighty-two States have signed the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty,[6] including a number of States in the region,", "1. Welcomes the conclusions on the Middle East of the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons;[7]", "2. Reaffirms the importance of Israel’s accession to the Treaty on the Non‑Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons³ and placement of all its nuclear facilities under comprehensive International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards, in realizing the goal of universal adherence to the Treaty in the Middle East;", "3. Calls upon that State to accede to the Treaty without further delay, not to develop, produce, test or otherwise acquire nuclear weapons, to renounce possession of nuclear weapons and to place all its unsafeguarded nuclear facilities under full‑scope Agency safeguards as an important confidence-building measure among all States of the region and as a step towards enhancing peace and security;", "4. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the implementation of the present resolution;", "5. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the item entitled “The risk of nuclear proliferation in the Middle East”.", "71st plenary meeting 2 December 2011", "[1]  See International Atomic Energy Agency, Resolutions and Other Decisions of the General Conference, Fifty-fifth Regular Session, 19–23 September 2011 (GC(55)/RES/DEC(2011)).", "[2]  See 1995 Review and Extension Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Final Document, Part I (NPT/CONF.1995/32 (Part I) and Corr.2), annex.", "[3]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 729, No. 10485.", "[4]  2000 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Final Document, vols. I-III (NPT/CONF.2000/28 (Parts I-IV)).", "[5]  2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Final Document, vols. I-III (NPT/CONF.2010/50 (Vols. I-III)).", "[6]  See resolution 50/245.", "[7]  2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Final Document, vol. I (NPT/CONF.2010/50 (Vol. I)), part I, Conclusions and recommendations for follow-on actions, sect. IV." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 2 December 2011", "[on the report of the First Committee (A/64/415)]", "66/61. The risk of nuclear proliferation in the Middle East", "The General Assembly,", "Bearing in mind its relevant resolutions,", "Taking note of the relevant resolutions adopted by the General Conference of the International Atomic Energy Agency, as adopted by the recent resolution in resolution GC(55)/RES/14 on 23 September 2011,", "Acknowledging that the proliferation of nuclear weapons in the Middle East will pose a serious threat to international peace and security,", "Mindful of the immediate need to place all nuclear facilities in the Middle East under IAEA comprehensive safeguards,", "Recalling the decision adopted by the 1995 Review and Extension Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons on 11 May 1995 on the principles and objectives for nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament, [2] in which the Review and Extension Conference urged universal adherence to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons [3] as a priority and called upon all States that have not yet done so, in particular those that have not yet done so, to become parties as soon as possible,", "Recognizing with satisfaction that, in the Final Document of the 2000 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons [4], the Review Conference undertook to work steadfastly towards the goal of universality of the Treaty and called upon States that have not yet done so to accede to the Treaty, thereby accepting a legally binding international commitment not to acquire nuclear weapons or nuclear explosive devices and to accept IAEA safeguards for all nuclear activities, and stressing that the Treaty must be universally respected and that all States parties must comply strictly with their obligations under the Treaty,", "Recalling the resolution on the Middle East adopted by the 1995 Review and Extension Conference on 11 May 1995,2 in which the General Assembly noted with concern the continued existence of unsafeguarded nuclear facilities in the Middle East, and reaffirmed the importance of the early realization of universal adherence to the Treaty and called upon all States in the Middle East that have not yet done so to accede to the Treaty as soon as possible without exception and to place all their nuclear facilities under IAEA comprehensive safeguards,", "Noting with satisfaction that, in the Final Document of the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons [5], the Review Conference emphasized the importance of a process leading to the full implementation of the 1995 resolution on the Middle East and decided, inter alia, that the co-sponsors of the 1995 resolution, in consultation with the States of the region, should convene a meeting in 2012 with the participation of all States in the Middle East, based on arrangements freely arrived at in the countries of the region of the Middle East and, with the full support and participation of the nuclear-weapon States, to discuss ways to establish nuclear-weapon-free zones in the Middle East,", "Recalling that Israel is the only State that has not yet become a party to the Treaty in the Middle East,", "Concerned that the proliferation of nuclear weapons poses a threat to security and stability in the Middle East,", "Emphasizing the need for confidence-building measures, in particular the establishment of a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the Middle East, in order to enhance peace and security in the region and to consolidate the global non-proliferation regime,", "Stressing the need for the parties directly concerned to give serious consideration to the immediate and practical steps necessary to implement the recommendations of the establishment of a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the region of the Middle East, in accordance with relevant resolutions of the General Assembly, and in order to promote this objective, invites the States concerned to adhere to the Treaty and agree to place all their nuclear activities under IAEA safeguards before the establishment of nuclear-weapon-free zones,", "Taking note of the signing of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty in 108 States, including some States in the region, [6]", "Welcomes the conclusions of the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons on the Middle East; [7]", "Reaffirms the importance of Israel's accession to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons3 and placement of all its nuclear facilities under the comprehensive safeguards of the International Atomic Energy Agency in order to achieve universal adherence to the Treaty in the Middle East;", "Calls upon the State not to delay and accede immediately to the Treaty, to refrain from the development, production, testing or otherwise acquisition of nuclear weapons, to renounce possession of nuclear weapons and to place all its unsafeguarded nuclear facilities under IAEA comprehensive safeguards, as an important measure of confidence-building among States in the region and steps to promote peace and security;", "Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the implementation of the present resolution;", "Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the item entitled “The risk of nuclear proliferation in the Middle East”.", "2 December 2011", "71st plenary meeting", "See International Atomic Energy Agency, General Assembly resolution and other decisions, 55th ordinary session, 19-23 September 2011 (GC(55)/RES/DEC (2011).", "[2] See the 1995 Review and Extension Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Final Document, Part I (NPT/CONF.1995/32 (Part I), annex.", "[3] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 729, No. 10485.", "[4] 2000 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Final Document, vols. I to III (NPT/CONF.2000/28 (Parts I-IV)).", "[5] 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Final Document, vols. I to III (NPT/CONF.2010/50 (Vol. I-III)).", "See resolution 50/245.", "[7] 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Final Document, vol. I (NPT/CONF.2010/50 (Vol. I), part I, “Guide and follow-up recommendations”, sect." ]

[ "2011年12月2日大会决议", "[根据第一委员会的报告(A/66/416)通过]", "66/62. 禁止或限制使用某些可被认为具有过分伤害力或滥杀滥伤作用的常规武器公约", "大会，", "回顾其2010年12月8日第65/89号决议，", "满意地回顾《禁止或限制使用某些可被认为具有过分伤害力或滥杀滥伤作用的常规武器公约》[1] 及经过修正的公约第一条、[2] 《关于无法检测的碎片的议定书》(第一议定书)、¹ 《禁止或限制使用地雷、诱杀装置和其他装置的议定书》(第二议定书)¹ 及其修正本、[3] 《禁止或限制使用燃烧武器议定书》(第三议定书)、¹ 《关于激光致盲武器的议定书》(第四议定书)[4] 以及《战争遗留爆炸物议定书》(第五议定书)[5] 获得通过并生效，", "欢迎2006年11月7日至17日在日内瓦举行的禁止或限制使用某些可被认为具有过分伤害力或滥杀滥伤作用的常规武器公约缔约国第三次审议大会的成果，", "又欢迎2010年11月25日和26日在日内瓦举行的公约缔约国2010年会议的成果，", "还欢迎2010年11月24日在日内瓦举行的经修正的第二议定书缔约国第十二次年会的成果，", "欢迎2010年11月22日和23日在日内瓦举行的第五议定书缔约国第四次会议的成果，", "回顾红十字国际委员会在拟订《公约》及其《议定书》过程中发挥的作用，并欣见各国际组织、非政府组织和其他组织在提高人们对战争遗留爆炸物造成的人道主义后果的认识方面作出的特别努力，", "1. 吁请所有还不是《禁止或限制使用某些可被认为具有过分伤害力或滥杀滥伤作用的常规武器公约》¹ 及其各项经修正的《议定书》缔约国的国家，采取一切措施尽早加入，以期早日实现最广泛地加入这些文书的目标，最终实现普遍加入这些文书；", "2. 吁请所有尚未同意接受《公约》的各项《议定书》以及有关扩大《公约》及其《议定书》范围以列入非国际性武装冲突的修正案的约束的公约缔约国，同意接受其约束；", "3. 强调普遍加入《战争遗留爆炸物议定书》(第五议定书)⁵ 的重要意义；", "4. 欢迎有更多国家批准和接受或加入《公约》，并同意接受其各项《议定书》的约束；", "5. 又欢迎公约缔约国第三次审议大会通过了一项推动普遍加入《公约》及其议定书的行动计划，[6] 并感谢担任《公约》及其议定书保存人的秘书长、公约缔约国会议主席、第五议定书缔约国第四次会议主席和经修正的第二议定书缔约国第十二次年会主席，代表缔约国继续做出努力，以实现普遍加入的目标；", "6. 回顾公约缔约国第三次审议大会决定在《公约》框架内设立一个赞助方案，[7] 并在确认方案价值与重要性的同时鼓励各国为赞助方案提供捐款；", "7. 欢迎公约缔约国2010年会议决定于2011年11月14日至25日在日内瓦举行公约缔约国第四次审议大会；", "8. 认可按公约缔约国2009年会议决定在秘书处裁军事务厅日内瓦处设立的执行支助股的工作；", "9. 欢迎缔约国承诺继续处理某些特定弹药、包括集束弹药引起所有类别的人道主义问题，以期最大限度减少这些弹药造成的人道主义影响；", "10. 又欢迎公约缔约国政府专家组在候任主席全面负责下进行的第四次审议大会的筹备工作，并指出2011年11月第四次审议大会将在兼顾军事和人道主义因素的情况下，进一步研究紧急处理集束弹药的人道主义影响问题；", "11. 还欢迎《战争遗留爆炸物议定书》(第五议定书)缔约国承诺切实高效执行该议定书并执行议定书缔约国第一和第二次会议有关建立一个交流信息和开展合作的全面框架的决定，[8] 还欣见2011年4月6日至8日在日内瓦举行了公约缔约国专家会议，作为缔约国相互协商与合作的机制；", "12. 注意到经修正的第二议定书缔约国第十次年会决定设立一个非正式不限成员名额专家组，[9] 并欣见经修正的第二议定书缔约国专家组于2011年4月4日和5日在日内瓦举行第三次会议，交流了国家做法和经验，并评估了议定书的执行情况；", "13. 又指出，根据《公约》第8条，可以召开大会审查对《公约》或其任何议定书提出的修正案，审查有关现有议定书未列入的其他类别常规武器的附加议定书，或者审议《公约》及其议定书的范围和适用情况，以及审查任何拟议的修正案或附加议定书；", "14. 请秘书长视需要，为将于2011年11月14日至25日举行的公约缔约国第四次审议大会、经修正的第二议定书和第五议定书缔约国的其他年会和专家会议以及在会后继续进行的任何工作，提供必要的协助和服务，包括简要记录；", "15. 又请秘书长以《公约》及其《议定书》保存人的身份，继续以电子方式定期向大会通报各国批准、接受及加入《公约》、其经修正的第一条² 及其各项《议定书》的情况；", "16. 决定将题为“禁止或限制使用某些可被认为具有过分伤害力或滥杀滥伤作用的常规武器公约”的项目列入大会第六十七届会议临时议程。", "2011年12月2日", "第71次全体会议", "[1] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第1342卷，第22495号。", "[2] 同上，第2260卷，第22495号。", "[3] 同上，第2048卷，第22495号。", "[4] 同上，第2024卷，第22495号。", "[5] 同上，第2399卷，第22495号。", "[6] 见CCW/CONF.III/11(Part II)，附件三。", "[7] 同上，附件四。", "[8] 见CCW/P.V/CONF/2007/1和Corr.2；CCW/P.V/CONF/2008/12。", "[9] 见CCW/AP.II/CONF.10/2，第23段。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 2 December 2011", "[on the report of the First Committee (A/66/416)]", "66/62. Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 65/89 of 8 December 2010,", "Recalling with satisfaction the adoption and the entry into force of the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects[1] and its amended article 1,[2] the Protocol on Non-Detectable Fragments (Protocol I),¹ the Protocol on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Mines, Booby Traps and Other Devices (Protocol II)¹ and its amended version,[3] the Protocol on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Incendiary Weapons (Protocol III),¹ the Protocol on Blinding Laser Weapons (Protocol IV)[4] and the Protocol on Explosive Remnants of War (Protocol V),[5]", "Welcoming the results of the Third Review Conference of the High Contracting Parties to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects, held in Geneva from 7 to 17 November 2006,", "Welcoming also the results of the 2010 Meeting of the High Contracting Parties to the Convention, held in Geneva on 25 and 26 November 2010,", "Welcoming further the results of the Twelfth Annual Conference of the High Contracting Parties to Amended Protocol II, held in Geneva on 24 November 2010,", "Welcoming the results of the Fourth Conference of the High Contracting Parties to Protocol V, held in Geneva on 22 and 23 November 2010,", "Recalling the role played by the International Committee of the Red Cross in the elaboration of the Convention and the Protocols thereto, and welcoming the particular efforts of various international, non-governmental and other organizations in raising awareness of the humanitarian consequences of explosive remnants of war,", "1. Calls upon all States that have not yet done so to take all measures to become parties, as soon as possible, to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects¹ and the Protocols thereto, as amended, with a view to achieving the widest possible adherence to these instruments at an early date and so as to ultimately achieve their universality;", "2. Calls upon all States parties to the Convention that have not yet done so to express their consent to be bound by the Protocols to the Convention and the amendment extending the scope of the Convention and the Protocols thereto to include armed conflicts of a non-international character;", "3. Emphasizes the importance of the universalization of the Protocol on Explosive Remnants of War (Protocol V);⁵", "4. Welcomes the additional ratifications and acceptances of or accessions to the Convention, as well as the consents to be bound by the Protocols thereto;", "5. Also welcomes the adoption by the Third Review Conference of the High Contracting Parties to the Convention of a plan of action to promote universality of the Convention and the Protocols thereto,[6] and expresses appreciation for the continued efforts of the Secretary-General, as depositary of the Convention and the Protocols thereto, the Chair of the Meeting of the High Contracting Parties to the Convention, the President of the Fourth Conference of the High Contracting Parties to Protocol V and the President of the Twelfth Annual Conference of the High Contracting Parties to Amended Protocol II, on behalf of the High Contracting Parties, to achieve the goal of universality;", "6. Recalls the decision of the Third Review Conference of the High Contracting Parties to the Convention to establish a sponsorship programme within the framework of the Convention,[7] and, with recognition of the value and importance of the programme, encourages States to contribute to the Sponsorship Programme;", "7. Welcomes the decision of the 2010 Meeting of the High Contracting Parties to the Convention to convene the Fourth Review Conference of the High Contracting Parties to the Convention in Geneva from 14 to 25 November 2011;", "8. Acknowledges the work of the Implementation Support Unit within the Geneva Branch of the Office for Disarmament Affairs of the Secretariat, which was established following a decision of the 2009 Meeting of the High Contracting Parties to the Convention;", "9. Welcomes the commitment by States parties to continue to address the humanitarian problems caused by certain specific types of munitions in all their aspects, including cluster munitions, with a view to minimizing the humanitarian impact of these munitions;", "10. Also welcomes the preparatory work for the Fourth Review Conference conducted by the Group of Governmental Experts of the High Contracting Parties to the Convention, acting under the overall responsibility of the President-designate, and notes that the issue of urgently addressing the humanitarian impact of cluster munitions, while striking a balance between military and humanitarian considerations, will be further addressed at the Fourth Review Conference in November 2011;", "11. Further welcomes the commitment of States parties to the Protocol on Explosive Remnants of War (Protocol V) to the effective and efficient implementation of the Protocol and the implementation of the decisions of the First and Second Conferences of the High Contracting Parties to the Protocol establishing a comprehensive framework for the exchange of information and cooperation,[8] and also welcomes the holding of the Meeting of Experts of the High Contracting Parties to the Protocol, in Geneva from 6 to 8 April 2011, as a mechanism for consultation and cooperation among the States parties;", "12. Notes the decision of the Tenth Annual Conference of the High Contracting Parties to Amended Protocol II to establish an informal open-ended group of experts,[9] and welcomes the holding of the third session of the Group of Experts of the High Contracting Parties to Amended Protocol II, in Geneva on 4 and 5 April 2011, to exchange national practices and experiences and to assess the implementation of the Protocol;", "13. Also notes that, in conformity with article 8 of the Convention, conferences may be convened to examine amendments to the Convention or to any of the Protocols thereto, to examine additional protocols concerning other categories of conventional weapons not covered by existing Protocols or to review the scope and application of the Convention and the Protocols thereto and to examine any proposed amendments or additional protocols;", "14. Requests the Secretary-General to render the necessary assistance and to provide such services, including summary records, as may be required for the Fourth Review Conference of the High Contracting Parties to the Convention, to be held from 14 to 25 November 2011, and other annual conferences and expert meetings of the High Contracting Parties to Amended Protocol II and Protocol V, as well as for any continuation of the work after the meetings;", "15. Also requests the Secretary-General, in his capacity as depositary of the Convention and the Protocols thereto, to continue to inform the General Assembly periodically, by electronic means, of ratifications and acceptances of and accessions to the Convention, its amended article 1² and the Protocols thereto;", "16. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the item entitled “Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects”.", "71st plenary meeting 2 December 2011", "[1]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1342, No. 22495.", "[2]  Ibid., vol. 2260, No. 22495.", "[3]  Ibid., vol. 2048, No. 22495.", "[4]  Ibid., vol. 2024, No. 22495.", "[5]  Ibid., vol. 2399, No. 22495.", "[6]  See CCW/CONF.III/11 (Part II), annex III.", "[7]  Ibid., annex IV.", "[8]  See CCW/P.V/CONF/2007/1 and Corr.1 and 2 and CCW/P.V/CONF/2008/12.", "[9]  See CCW/AP.II/CONF.10/2, para. 23." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 2 December 2011", "[on the report of the First Committee (A/64/416)]", "Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 65/89 of 8 December 2010,", "Recalling with satisfaction the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects, article I, [2] Protocol on Non-Test-Ban Treaty (Protocol I),1 Protocol on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Mines, Booby Traps and Other Devices (Protocol II)1 and its amendments, [3] Protocol on the Prohibition or Restriction of the Use of Incensive Weapons (Protocol III),1 Protocol on laser weapons (Protocol IV) [4] and the Protocol on Explosive Remnants of War (Protocol V) adopted and entered into force,", "Welcoming the outcome of the Third Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects, held in Geneva from 7 to 17 November 2006,", "Welcoming also the outcome of the 2010 Meeting of States Parties to the Convention, held in Geneva on 25 and 26 November 2010,", "Welcoming also the outcome of the twelfth Annual Meeting of the High Contracting Parties to Protocol II, as amended, held in Geneva on 24 November 2010,", "Welcoming the outcome of the fourth meeting of the High Contracting Parties to Protocol V, held in Geneva on 22 and 23 November 2010,", "Recalling the role played by the International Committee of the Red Cross in the elaboration of the Convention and its Protocols, and welcoming the special efforts of international organizations, non-governmental organizations and other organizations to raise awareness of the humanitarian consequences of ERW,", "Calls upon all States that are not parties to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects1 and the Protocols thereto, as amended, to take all measures to become parties as soon as possible, with a view to achieving the goal of the widest possible adherence to those instruments at an early stage and ultimately achieving universal adherence to those instruments;", "Calls upon all States parties that have not yet done so to agree to be bound by the Protocols to the Convention, as well as the extension of the scope of the Convention and its Protocols to include amendments to non-international armed conflict;", "Emphasizes the importance of universal adherence to the Protocol on Explosive Remnants of War (Protocol V);5", "Welcomes the increased ratification and acceptance or accession to the Convention and agrees to be bound by its Protocols;", "Also welcomes the adoption by the Third Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention of a plan of action to promote universal adherence to the Convention and its Protocols, [6] and expresses its appreciation to the Secretary-General, the President of the Conference of the States Parties to the Convention, the President of the Fourth Meeting of the States Parties to the Protocol V and the President of the Twelfth Annual Meeting of the High Contracting Parties to Protocol II, as amended, for the continued efforts of the State party to achieve the goal of universality;", "Recalls the decision of the Third Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention to establish a sponsoring programme within the framework of the Convention [7] and, while recognizing the value and importance of the programme, encourages States to contribute to the sponsoring programme;", "Welcomes the decision of the State party to the Convention at its 2010 session to hold the fourth Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention, held in Geneva from 14 to 25 November 2011;", "Endorses the decision of the 2009 Meeting of States Parties to the Convention to establish the Implementation Support Unit at the Geneva Branch of the Office for Disarmament Affairs of the Secretariat;", "Welcomes the State party's commitment to continue addressing the humanitarian problems of certain specific types of munitions, including cluster munitions, with a view to minimizing the humanitarian implications of those munitions;", "Also welcomes the preparations for the fourth Review Conference to be held by the Group of Governmental Experts of the States Parties to the Convention, under the overall responsibility of the President-designate, and notes that the Fourth Review Conference in November 2011 will further study the humanitarian implications of cluster munitions in a manner that takes into account military and humanitarian considerations;", "Further welcomes the commitment of the State party to the effective implementation of the Protocol on Explosive Remnants of War (Protocol V) and the decision of the first and second meetings of the States Parties to the Protocol to establish a comprehensive framework for information exchange and cooperation, [8] further welcomes the expert meetings of States parties to the Convention held in Geneva from 6 to 8 April 2011 as a mechanism for mutual consultation and cooperation among States parties;", "Takes note of the decision of the Tenth Annual Conference of the High Contracting Parties to Protocol II, as amended, to establish an informal open-ended expert group [9] and welcomes the third meeting of the Group of Experts of the States Parties to the Protocol, as amended, held in Geneva on 4 and 5 April 2011, to share national practices and experiences and to assess the implementation of the Protocol;", "Also notes that, in accordance with article 8 of the Convention, a General Assembly may be convened to review amendments to the Convention or any Protocols thereto, to review additional protocols relating to other categories of conventional arms not included in existing Protocols or to consider the scope and application of the Convention and its Protocols, as well as to review any proposed amendments or additional protocols;", "Requests the Secretary-General, as necessary, to provide the necessary assistance and services, including summary records, for the fourth Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention, the Second Protocol and the other annual meetings and expert meetings of States parties to Protocol V and any work to be continued after the meeting;", "Also requests the Secretary-General, in his capacity as depositary of the Convention and its Protocols, to continue to inform the General Assembly, electronically, of the ratification, acceptance and accession to the Convention, its amended article 1, paragraph 2, and its Protocols;", "Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the item entitled “Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects”.", "2 December 2011", "71st plenary meeting", "United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1342, No. 22495.", "[2] Ibid., vol. 2260, No. 22495.", "[3] Ibid., vol. 2048, No. 22495.", "Ibid., vol. 2024, No. 22495.", "[5] Ibid., vol. 2399, No. 22495.", "[6] See CCW/CONF.III/11 (Part II), annex III.", "[7] Ibid., annex IV.", "[8] See CCW/P.V/CONF/2007/1 and Corr.2; CCW/P.V/CONF/2008/12.", "[9] See CCW/AP.II/CONF.10/2, para." ]

[ "2011年12月2日大会决议", "[根据第一委员会的报告(A/66/417)通过]", "66/63. 加强地中海区域的安全和合作", "大会，", "回顾其以往关于这个问题的各项决议，包括2010年12月8日第65/90号决议，", "重申地中海国家在加强和促进地中海区域和平、安全与合作方面发挥主要作用，", "欢迎欧洲-地中海国家为加强反恐怖主义合作所作的努力，特别是2005年11月27日和28日在西班牙巴塞罗那举行的欧洲-地中海首脑会议通过了《欧洲-地中海反恐怖主义行为守则》，", "铭记沿岸国家以往关于地中海区域问题的所有宣言和承诺以及在最近举行的首脑会议、部长级会议和各种论坛上采取的所有主动行动，", "为此回顾2008年7月13日通过的《地中海问题巴黎首脑会议联合宣言》，发起“巴塞罗那进程：地中海联盟”强化伙伴关系，并回顾重新努力把地中海变成一个和平、民主、合作和繁荣区域的共同政治意愿，", "欢迎《非洲无核武器区条约》(《佩林达巴条约》)[1] 生效，这有助于在区域和国际层面加强和平与安全，", "认识到地中海安全的不可分割性，加强地中海国家间的合作以推动该区域所有各国人民的经济和社会发展，将大大促进该区域的稳定、和平与安全，", "又认识到地中海国家迄今为止所作的努力和展示的决心，以加紧对话和协商进程，解决地中海区域现存的问题，消除造成紧张局势的根源以及由此产生的对和平与安全的威胁；这些国家日益认识到需要进一步共同努力，加强该区域在经济、社会、文化和环境方面的合作，", "还认识到全世界，特别是欧洲、马格里布和中东出现的积极发展可以加强欧洲-地中海在所有领域更加密切合作的前景，", "重申所有国家都有责任为地中海区域的稳定和繁荣作出贡献，并已承诺遵守《联合国宪章》的宗旨和原则以及《关于各国依联合国宪章建立友好关系和合作的国际法原则宣言》[2] 各项规定，", "注意到中东和平谈判，该谈判应是全面性的，应作为和平解决该区域争议问题的适宜框架，", "关切地中海部分地区局势长期紧张，军事活动不断，阻碍旨在加强该区域安全与合作的努力，", "注意到秘书长的报告，[3]", "1. 重申地中海的安全与欧洲安全以及国际和平与安全密切相关；", "2. 感到满意的是，地中海国家继续作出努力，积极推动消除造成该区域紧张局势的所有根源，促进以和平手段公正、持久地解决该区域长期存在的问题，从而确保撤出外国占领军，尊重地中海所有国家的主权、独立和领土完整以及各国人民的自决权利，为此，呼吁按照《宪章》和联合国有关决议，充分遵守不干涉、不干预、不使用武力或威胁使用武力以及不容以武力夺取领土的原则；", "3. 赞扬地中海国家作出努力，本着多边协作精神，以协调一致整体回应的方式应对共同挑战，以期实现把地中海盆地变成一个对话、交流和合作区域以保障和平、稳定和繁荣的总目标，鼓励地中海国家除其他外，通过在区域内各国之间开展持久、多边和面向行动的合作对话来加强此种努力，并确认联合国促进区域和国际和平与安全的作用；", "4. 认识到在地中海地区消除发展水平上的经济和社会差距及其他障碍，各种文化彼此尊重并增进了解，将有助于通过现有各种论坛加强地中海国家间的和平、安全与合作；", "5. 吁请地中海区域所有尚未加入多边谈判缔结的裁军和不扩散领域法律文书的国家加入所有这些文书，从而为加强该区域的和平与合作创造必要条件；", "6. 鼓励该区域所有国家通过推动在所有军事事务上的真正的开放和透明，特别是通过参加联合国军事支出标准汇报制度和向联合国常规武器登记册提供准确的数据和资料，促进为加强各国间建立信任措施创造必要条件；[4]", "7. 鼓励地中海国家依据联合国各项有关决议，进一步加强合作，打击一切形式和表现的恐怖主义，包括恐怖主义分子诉诸大规模毁灭性武器的可能性，打击国际犯罪和非法武器转让以及非法毒品生产、吸食和贩运，因为这些行为对该区域的和平、安全和稳定，进而对改善当前的政治、经济和社会状况，构成严重威胁，并且危害国家间的友好关系，妨碍发展国际合作，破坏人权、基本自由和多元社会的民主基础；", "8. 请秘书长就加强地中海区域的安全和合作的方法提出报告；", "9. 决定将题为“加强地中海区域的安全和合作”的项目列入大会第六十七届会议临时议程。", "2011年12月2日", "第71次全体会议", "[1] 见A/50/426，附件。", "[2] 第2625(XXV)号决议，附件。", "[3] A/66/122。", "[4] 见第46/36L号决议。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 2 December 2011", "[on the report of the First Committee (A/66/417)]", "66/63. Strengthening of security and cooperation in the Mediterranean region", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its previous resolutions on the subject, including resolution 65/90 of 8 December 2010,", "Reaffirming the primary role of the Mediterranean countries in strengthening and promoting peace, security and cooperation in the Mediterranean region,", "Welcoming the efforts deployed by the Euro-Mediterranean countries to strengthen their cooperation in combating terrorism, in particular through the adoption of the Euro-Mediterranean Code of Conduct on Countering Terrorism by the Euro-Mediterranean Summit, held in Barcelona, Spain, on 27 and 28 November 2005,", "Bearing in mind all the previous declarations and commitments, as well as all the initiatives taken by the riparian countries at the recent summits, ministerial meetings and various forums concerning the question of the Mediterranean region,", "Recalling, in this regard, the adoption on 13 July 2008 of the Joint Declaration of the Paris Summit for the Mediterranean, which launched a reinforced partnership, named the “Barcelona Process: Union for the Mediterranean”, and the common political will to revive efforts to transform the Mediterranean into an area of peace, democracy, cooperation and prosperity,", "Welcoming the entry into force of the African Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty (Treaty of Pelindaba)[1] as a contribution to the strengthening of peace and security both regionally and internationally,", "Recognizing the indivisible character of security in the Mediterranean and that the enhancement of cooperation among Mediterranean countries with a view to promoting the economic and social development of all peoples of the region will contribute significantly to stability, peace and security in the region,", "Recognizing also the efforts made so far and the determination of the Mediterranean countries to intensify the process of dialogue and consultations with a view to resolving the problems existing in the Mediterranean region and to eliminating the causes of tension and the consequent threat to peace and security, as well as their growing awareness of the need for further joint efforts to strengthen economic, social, cultural and environmental cooperation in the region,", "Recognizing further that prospects for closer Euro-Mediterranean cooperation in all spheres can be enhanced by positive developments worldwide, in particular in Europe, in the Maghreb and in the Middle East,", "Reaffirming the responsibility of all States to contribute to the stability and prosperity of the Mediterranean region and their commitment to respecting the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations as well as the provisions of the Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations,[2]", "Noting the peace negotiations in the Middle East, which should be of a comprehensive nature and represent an appropriate framework for the peaceful settlement of contentious issues in the region,", "Expressing its concern at the persistent tension and continuing military activities in parts of the Mediterranean that hinder efforts to strengthen security and cooperation in the region,", "Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General,[3]", "1. Reaffirms that security in the Mediterranean is closely linked to European security as well as to international peace and security;", "2. Expresses its satisfaction at the continuing efforts by Mediterranean countries to contribute actively to the elimination of all causes of tension in the region and to the promotion of just and lasting solutions to the persistent problems of the region through peaceful means, thus ensuring the withdrawal of foreign forces of occupation and respecting the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of all countries of the Mediterranean and the right of peoples to self-determination, and therefore calls for full adherence to the principles of non‑interference, non-intervention, non-use of force or threat of use of force and the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by force, in accordance with the Charter and the relevant resolutions of the United Nations;", "3. Commends the Mediterranean countries for their efforts in meeting common challenges through coordinated overall responses, based on a spirit of multilateral partnership, towards the general objective of turning the Mediterranean basin into an area of dialogue, exchanges and cooperation, guaranteeing peace, stability and prosperity, encourages them to strengthen such efforts through, inter alia, a lasting multilateral and action-oriented cooperative dialogue among States of the region, and recognizes the role of the United Nations in promoting regional and international peace and security;", "4. Recognizes that the elimination of the economic and social disparities in levels of development and other obstacles, as well as respect and greater understanding among cultures in the Mediterranean area, will contribute to enhancing peace, security and cooperation among Mediterranean countries through the existing forums;", "5. Calls upon all States of the Mediterranean region that have not yet done so to adhere to all the multilaterally negotiated legal instruments related to the field of disarmament and non-proliferation, thus creating the conditions necessary for strengthening peace and cooperation in the region;", "6. Encourages all States of the region to favour the conditions necessary for strengthening the confidence-building measures among them by promoting genuine openness and transparency on all military matters, by participating, inter alia, in the United Nations system for the standardized reporting of military expenditures and by providing accurate data and information to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms;[4]", "7. Encourages the Mediterranean countries to strengthen further their cooperation in combating terrorism in all its forms and manifestations, including the possible resort by terrorists to weapons of mass destruction, taking into account the relevant resolutions of the United Nations, and in combating international crime and illicit arms transfers and illicit drug production, consumption and trafficking, which pose a serious threat to peace, security and stability in the region and therefore to the improvement of the current political, economic and social situation and which jeopardize friendly relations among States, hinder the development of international cooperation and result in the destruction of human rights, fundamental freedoms and the democratic basis of pluralistic society;", "8. Requests the Secretary-General to submit a report on means to strengthen security and cooperation in the Mediterranean region;", "9. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the item entitled “Strengthening of security and cooperation in the Mediterranean region”.", "71st plenary meeting 2 December 2011", "[1]  See A/50/426, annex.", "[2]  Resolution 2625 (XXV), annex.", "[3]  A/66/122.", "[4]  See resolution 46/36 L." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 2 December 2011", "[on the report of the First Committee (A/64/417)]", "Strengthening of security and cooperation in the Mediterranean region", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its previous resolutions on this subject, including resolution 65/90 of 8 December 2010,", "Reaffirming the primary role of the Mediterranean State in strengthening and promoting peace, security and cooperation in the Mediterranean region,", "Welcoming the efforts made by the European-Mediterranean countries to strengthen counter-terrorism cooperation, in particular the adoption of the European-Mediterranean Code of Conduct against Terrorism at the European-Mediterranean Summit held in Barcelona, Spain, on 27 and 28 November 2005,", "Bearing in mind all previous declarations and commitments of coastal States on the Mediterranean region and all initiatives taken at recent summits, ministerial meetings and forums,", "Recalling in this regard the joint declaration of the Paris Summit on the Mediterranean, adopted on 13 July 2008, launched the Barcelona Process: the Alliance of the Mediterranean, and recalling the renewed efforts to transform the Mediterranean into a region of peace, democracy, cooperation and prosperity,", "Welcoming the entry into force of the African Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty (the Pelindaba Treaty), which contributes to strengthening peace and security at the regional and international levels,", "Recognizing the indivisibility of security in the Mediterranean and the strengthening of cooperation among the Mediterranean countries to promote economic and social development for all peoples in the region, which will contribute significantly to stability, peace and security in the region,", "Recognizing also the efforts made and the commitment shown so far by the Mediterranean countries to intensify dialogue and the Consultative Process to address existing problems in the Mediterranean region, to address the root causes of tension and the resulting threats to peace and security, and their growing recognition of the need for further joint efforts to strengthen cooperation in the region in the economic, social, cultural and environmental context,", "Recognizing also that positive developments around the world, in particular in Europe, Maghreb and the Middle East, can enhance the prospects for closer cooperation between the Euro-Mediterranean in all areas,", "Reaffirming the responsibility of all States to contribute to the stability and prosperity of the Mediterranean region and their commitment to the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and the provisions of the Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations [2],", "Noting that the Middle East peace negotiations should be comprehensive and should serve as an appropriate framework for the peaceful resolution of disputes in the region,", "Concerned about the prolonged tension in parts of the Mediterranean and the continuing military activities that hinder efforts aimed at strengthening security and cooperation in the region,", "Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General [3],", "Reaffirms that the security of the Mediterranean is closely linked to European security and international peace and security;", "Expresses its satisfaction at the continuing efforts of the Mediterranean countries to actively promote the elimination of all the root causes of tension in the region and to promote a just and lasting solution to the long-standing problems in the region through peaceful means, thereby ensuring the withdrawal of foreign occupation forces, respect for the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of all States of the Mediterranean and the right of peoples to self-determination, and, in this regard, calls for full respect for the principles of non-interference, non-intervention, the use of force or threat of use of force and the inadmissibility of the territory by force, in accordance with the Charter and relevant United Nations resolutions;", "Commends the efforts of the Mediterranean countries to address common challenges in a coordinated and holistic manner, in a spirit of multilateral collaboration, with a view to achieving the overall objective of transforming the Mediterranean basin into a dialogue, exchange and cooperation region in order to secure peace, stability and prosperity, and encourages the Mediterranean countries, inter alia, to strengthen such efforts through, inter alia, sustained, multilateral and action-oriented cooperation dialogue among States in the region, and recognizes the role of the United Nations in promoting regional and international peace and security;", "Recognizes that the elimination of the economic and social disparities and other barriers to development in the Mediterranean region will respect and promote understanding among cultures and will contribute to strengthening peace, security and cooperation among Mediterranean States through existing forums;", "Calls upon all States in the Mediterranean region that have not yet done so to join all those instruments in the field of disarmament and non-proliferation, in order to create the necessary conditions for strengthening peace and cooperation in the region;", "Encourages all States in the region to promote the creation of the necessary conditions for strengthening confidence-building measures among States, through the promotion of genuine openness and transparency in all military matters, in particular through participation in the United Nations military expenditure reporting system and the provision of accurate data and information to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms; [4]", "Encourages the Mediterranean States, in accordance with relevant resolutions of the United Nations, to further strengthen their cooperation in combating terrorism in all its forms and manifestations, including the possibility of terrorists to resort to weapons of mass destruction, in order to combat international crime and the transfer of illicit arms and the production, inhalation and trafficking of illicit drugs, as they pose a serious threat to peace, security and stability in the region and thus endanger the prevailing political, economic and social conditions and jeopardize friendly relations among States, impede the development of international cooperation, undermine the democratic foundations of human rights, fundamental freedoms and plural societies;", "Requests the Secretary-General to report on ways to strengthen security and cooperation in the Mediterranean region;", "Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the item entitled “Strengthening security and cooperation in the Mediterranean region”.", "2 December 2011", "71st plenary meeting", "See A/50/426, annex.", "[2] Resolution 2625 (XXV), annex.", "[3] A/64/222.", "[4] See resolution 46/36L." ]

[ "2011年12月2日大会决议", "[根据第一委员会的报告(A/66/418)通过]", "66/64. 全面禁止核试验条约", "大会，", "重申停止核武器试爆或任何其他核爆炸是一项有效的核裁军和不扩散措施，并深信这是为实现核裁军开展系统工作的一个重要步骤，", "回顾其1996年9月10日第50/245号决议通过的《全面禁止核试验条约》于1996年9月24日开放供签署，", "强调各国普遍加入并能有效核查的《条约》是核裁军和不扩散领域的一项基本文书，在超过十五年后的今天，条约的生效比以往更为紧迫，", "喜见一百八十二个国家，包括《条约》批准生效所需四十四个国家中的四十一个国家，已经签署《条约》，并欣见一百五十五个国家，包括《条约》批准生效所需四十四个国家中的三十五个，其中有三个核武器国家，已经批准《条约》,", "回顾其2010年12月8日第65/91号决议，", "欢迎以协商一致方式通过不扩散核武器条约缔约国2010年审议大会结论和后续行动建议，[1] 其中除其他外，重申《全面禁止核试验条约》作为国际核裁军和不扩散制度的核心要素获得生效极为重要，并提出为支持《条约》生效应采取的具体行动，", "又欢迎2010年9月23日在纽约部长级会议上通过的《关于全面禁试条约的部长级联合声明》，[2]", "回顾根据《条约》第十四条的规定2011年9月23日在纽约举行的促进全面禁止核试验条约生效第七次会议通过的最后宣言，[3] 并注意到几个附件2所列国家批准条约的前景有所改善，", "1. 强调迅速无条件地签署和批准《全面禁止核试验条约》 [4] 至关重要和非常紧迫，以便《条约》尽早生效；", "2. 欢迎签署国作出贡献，协助全面禁止核试验条约组织筹备委员会的工作，尤其是协助其努力确保《条约》的核查制度依照《条约》第四条的规定在《条约》生效时能满足《条约》的核查要求；", "3. 强调需要保持完成核查制度全部内容的势头；", "4. 敦促所有国家不要进行核武器试爆或任何其他核爆炸，以维持这方面的暂停，并且不采取可能有损《条约》的目标和宗旨的行动，同时强调这些措施不具有与《条约》生效相同的永久效力和法律约束力；", "5. 回顾安全理事会2006年10月14日第1718(2006)号和2009年6月12日第1874(2009)号决议，强调执行这些决议的重要性，并重申大力支持六方会谈；", "6. 敦促所有尚未签署《条约》的国家，尤其是《条约》生效需其批准的国家，尽早签署和批准《条约》；", "7. 敦促所有已签署但尚未批准《条约》的国家，尤其是《条约》生效需其批准的国家加快批准进程，确保尽早圆满完成这些进程；", "8. 欣见自上届大会通过这一问题的决议以来，又有加纳和几内亚批准《条约》，这是促使《条约》早日生效的重大步骤；", "9. 欢迎《条约》需要其批准方能生效的其余国家中，有些国家最近表示打算推进和完成批准进程；", "10. 敦促所有国家继续在最高政治级别处理此问题，并在有能力时，通过双边和共同外联活动、讨论会和其他方式，促进遵守《条约》；", "11. 请秘书长同全面禁止核试验条约组织筹备委员会协商，编写一份报告，说明已批准《条约》的国家为各国普遍加入《条约》作出的努力以及向请求在批准程序上得到协助的国家提供这种协助的可能性，并向大会第六十七届会议提交该报告；", "12. 决定将题为“全面禁止核试验条约”的项目列入大会第六十七届会议临时议程。", "2011年12月2日", "第71次全体会议", "[1] 见《不扩散核武器条约缔约国2010年审议大会，最后文件》，第一卷(NPT/CONF.2010/50 (Vol.I))，第一部分，《结论和后续行动建议》。", "[2] A/65/675，附件。", "[3] 见CTBT-Art.XIV/2011/6。", "[4] 见第50/245号决议。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 2 December 2011", "[on the report of the First Committee (A/66/418)]", "66/64. Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty", "The General Assembly,", "Reiterating that the cessation of nuclear-weapon test explosions or any other nuclear explosions constitutes an effective nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation measure, and convinced that this is a meaningful step in the realization of a systematic process for achieving nuclear disarmament,", "Recalling that the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, adopted by its resolution 50/245 of 10 September 1996, was opened for signature on 24 September 1996,", "Stressing that a universal and effectively verifiable Treaty constitutes a fundamental instrument in the field of nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation and that, after more than fifteen years, its entry into force is more urgent than ever before,", "Encouraged by the signing of the Treaty by one hundred and eighty-two States, including forty-one of the forty-four whose ratification is needed for its entry into force, and welcoming the ratification of the Treaty by one hundred and fifty‑five States, including thirty-five of the forty-four whose ratification is needed for its entry into force, among which there are three nuclear-weapon States,", "Recalling its resolution 65/91 of 8 December 2010,", "Welcoming the adoption by consensus of the conclusions and recommendations for follow-on actions of the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,[1] which, inter alia, reaffirmed the vital importance of the entry into force of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty as a core element of the international nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation regime and included specific actions to be taken in support of the entry into force of the Treaty,", "Welcoming also the Joint Ministerial Statement on the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, adopted at the ministerial meeting held in New York on 23 September 2010,[2]", "Recalling the Final Declaration adopted by the seventh Conference on Facilitating the Entry into Force of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, held in New York on 23 September 2011,[3] convened pursuant to article XIV of the Treaty, and noting the improved prospects for ratification in several Annex 2 countries,", "1. Stresses the vital importance and urgency of signature and ratification, without delay and without conditions, in order to achieve the earliest entry into force of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty;[4]", "2. Welcomes the contributions by the States signatories to the work of the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization, in particular its efforts to ensure that the verification regime of the Treaty will be capable of meeting the verification requirements of the Treaty upon its entry into force, in accordance with article IV of the Treaty;", "3. Underlines the need to maintain momentum towards completion of all elements of the verification regime;", "4. Urges all States not to carry out nuclear-weapon test explosions or any other nuclear explosions, to maintain their moratoriums in this regard and to refrain from acts that would defeat the object and purpose of the Treaty, while stressing that these measures do not have the same permanent and legally binding effect as the entry into force of the Treaty;", "5. Recalls Security Council resolutions 1718 (2006) of 14 October 2006 and 1874 (2009) of 12 June 2009, emphasizes the importance of their implementation, and reaffirms its firm support for the Six-Party Talks;", "6. Urges all States that have not yet signed the Treaty, in particular those whose ratification is needed for its entry into force, to sign and ratify it as soon as possible;", "7. Urges all States that have signed but not yet ratified the Treaty, in particular those whose ratification is needed for its entry into force, to accelerate their ratification processes with a view to ensuring their earliest successful conclusion;", "8. Welcomes, since its previous resolution on the subject, the ratification of the Treaty by Ghana and Guinea as a significant step towards the early entry into force of the Treaty;", "9. Also welcomes the recent expressions by a number of the remaining States whose ratification is needed for the Treaty to enter into force of their intention to pursue and complete the ratification process;", "10. Urges all States to remain seized of the issue at the highest political level and, where in a position to do so, to promote adherence to the Treaty through bilateral and joint outreach, seminars and other means;", "11. Requests the Secretary-General, in consultation with the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization, to prepare a report on the efforts of States that have ratified the Treaty towards its universalization and possibilities for providing assistance on ratification procedures to States that so request it, and to submit such a report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "12. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the item entitled “Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty”.", "71st plenary meeting 2 December 2011", "[1]  2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Final Document, vol. I (NPT/CONF.2010/50 (Vol. I)), part I, Conclusions and recommendations for follow-on actions.", "[2]  A/65/675, annex.", "[3]  See CTBT-Art.XIV/2011/6.", "[4]  See resolution 50/245." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 2 December 2011", "[on the report of the First Committee (A/64/418)]", "Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming that the cessation of nuclear weapon test explosions or any other nuclear explosion is an effective nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation measure, and convinced that it is an important step towards systematic nuclear disarmament,", "Recalling that the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, adopted by its resolution 50/245 of 10 September 1996, opened for signature on 24 September 1996,", "Emphasizing that universal adherence to and effective verification of the Treaty is a fundamental instrument in the field of nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation, and that the entry into force of the Treaty is more urgent today than ever,", "Welcoming the signing of the Treaty by eighteen twelve States, including 40 of the forty-four States required for the entry into force of the Treaty, and welcoming the thirty-five of the forty-four States, including three nuclear-weapon States, for which the Treaty is ratified,", "Recalling its resolution 65/91 of 8 December 2010,", "Welcoming the adoption by consensus of the conclusions and recommendations for follow-up to the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, which, inter alia, reaffirm the importance of the entry into force of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty as a core element of the international nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation regime and propose concrete actions to be taken in support of the entry into force of the Treaty,", "Welcoming also the Joint Ministerial Statement on CTBT adopted at the New York Ministerial Conference on 23 September 2010, [2]", "Recalling the Final Declaration adopted by the Seventh Conference on Facilitating the Entry into Force of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, held in New York on 23 September 2011, in accordance with article 14 of the Treaty, and taking note of the improvement in the prospects for ratification of the Treaty by the States listed in Annex 2,", "Emphasizes that the speedy and unconditional signature of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty [4] is essential and urgent in order to enter into force as soon as possible;", "Welcomes the contributions of signatory States to assist in the work of the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization, in particular by assisting them in their efforts to ensure that the verification regime of the Treaty meets the verification requirements of the Treaty in accordance with article IV of the Treaty;", "Emphasizes the need to maintain momentum towards the completion of all elements of the verification regime;", "Urges all States not to carry out nuclear weapon test explosions or any other nuclear explosions in order to maintain that moratorium and to refrain from actions that may undermine the objectives and purposes of the Treaty, while stressing that such measures do not have the same permanent validity and legal binding character as the entry into force of the Treaty;", "Recalls Security Council resolutions 1718 (2006) of 14 October 2006 and 1874 (2009) of 12 June 2009, stresses the importance of implementing those resolutions, and reiterates its strong support for the six-party talks;", "Urges all States that have not yet done so to sign and ratify the Treaty as soon as possible, in particular those States that require ratification of the Treaty;", "Urges all States that have signed but not ratified the Treaty, in particular those that require ratification by the Treaty, to expedite the ratification process and to ensure the successful conclusion of those processes as soon as possible;", "Welcomes the fact that since the adoption of the resolution on this issue by the previous General Assembly, Ghana and Guinea have ratified the Treaty as a major step towards the early entry into force of the Treaty;", "Welcomes the fact that the Treaty requires the remaining States in which it can enter into force, and some States have recently expressed their intention to advance and complete the process of ratification;", "Urges all States to continue to address this issue at the highest political level and to promote compliance with the Treaty through bilateral and joint outreach activities, seminars and other means, where available;", "Requests the Secretary-General, in consultation with the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization, to prepare a report on the possibilities for States that have ratified the Treaty to provide such assistance to States requesting assistance in the ratification process and to submit it to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the item entitled “The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty”.", "2 December 2011", "71st plenary meeting", "See the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Final Document, vol. I (NPT/CONF.2010/50 (Vol. I)), Part I, Conclusions and follow-up recommendations.", "[2] Adopted 75, annex.", "[3] See CTBT-Art.XIV crown6.", "See resolution 50/245." ]

[ "2011年12月2日大会决议", "[根据第一委员会的报告(A/66/419)通过]", "66/65. 关于禁止发展、生产和储存细菌(生物)及毒素武器和销毁此种武器的公约", "大会，", "回顾其以往关于彻底和有效禁止细菌(生物)及毒素武器和销毁此种武器的各项决议，", "满意地注意到《关于禁止发展、生产和储存细菌(生物)及毒素武器和销毁此种武器的公约》[1] 已有一百六十五个缔约国，其中包括安全理事会的所有常任理事国，", "铭记大会曾呼吁公约所有缔约国参与执行各次公约缔约国审议大会提出的建议，包括交换《关于禁止发展、生产和储存细菌(生物)及毒素武器和销毁此种武器的公约缔约国第三次审议大会的最后宣言》中议定的资料和数据，并且每年至迟在4月15日遵循标准化程序向秘书长提供这种资料和数据，[2]", "欢迎第四次审议大会《最后宣言》重申依照《公约》第一条的规定，实际禁止在任何情况下使用、发展、生产和储存细菌(生物)和毒素武器，[3]", "回顾第六次审议大会达成的决定，在至迟于2011年年底召开的第七次审议大会之前，举行四次为期一周的缔约国年度会议，从2007年开始每年举行，并在每次缔约国会议之前举行一次为期一周的专家筹备会议，[4]", "1. 赞赏地注意到又有两个国家加入《关于禁止发展、生产和储存细菌(生物)及毒素武器和销毁此种武器的公约》，¹ 再次呼吁所有尚未批准《公约》的签署国迅速予以批准，并呼吁尚未签署《公约》的国家尽早成为缔约国，从而有助于实现普遍加入《公约》；", "2. 欢迎迄今为止提供的资料和数据，并欢迎《关于禁止发展、生产和储存细菌(生物)及毒素武器和销毁此种武器的公约》第六次公约缔约国审议大会商定几项措施，以更新建立信任措施框架内的资料传输机制，再次呼吁公约所有缔约国参与第三次审议大会商定的信息和数据交流活动；", "3. 回顾第六次审议大会就《公约》所有条款作出的决定，并呼吁公约缔约国参与执行这些决定；⁴", "4. 赞赏地注意到秘书处裁军事务厅履约支助股根据其任务和第六次审议大会的决定在2007-2010年闭会期间进程开展的工作；", "5. 欢迎成功举行会议，作为2007-2010年闭会期间进程的一部分，还为此欢迎进行讨论，推动对第六次审议大会商定议题的共同了解并就其采取有效行动；", "6. 注意到2011年4月13日至15日在日内瓦圆满举行第七次审议大会筹备委员会会议，并欢迎依照筹备委员会的决定于2011年12月5日至22日在日内瓦举行第七次审议大会；", "7. 回顾第七次审议大会的任务是，审议在根据《公约》第十二条的规定审查《公约》实施情况时确定的议题以及通过协商一致达成的任何可能后续行动；", "8. 促请所有缔约国继续共同努力，在第七次审议大会上取得协商一致成果，以加强《公约》；", "9. 赞赏地注意到一些缔约国已举办各种活动，就第七次审议大会的工作交换意见；", "10. 请秘书长继续向《公约》保存国政府提供必要的协助，提供为执行各次审议大会的决定和建议而可能需要的服务，并为第七次审议大会提供必要协助和可能需要的服务；", "11. 决定将题为“关于禁止发展、生产和储存细菌(生物)及毒素武器和销毁此种武器的公约”的项目列入大会第六十七届会议临时议程。", "2011年12月2日", "第71次全体会议", "[1] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第1015卷，第14860号。", "[2] 见BWC/CONF.III/23，第二部分。", "[3] 见BWC/CONF.IV/9，第二部分。", "[4] 见BWC/CONF.VI/6，第三部分。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 2 December 2011", "[on the report of the First Committee (A/66/419)]", "66/65. Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its previous resolutions relating to the complete and effective prohibition of bacteriological (biological) and toxin weapons and to their destruction,", "Noting with satisfaction that there are one hundred and sixty-five States parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction,[1] including all the permanent members of the Security Council,", "Bearing in mind its call upon all States parties to the Convention to participate in the implementation of the recommendations of the review conferences of the parties to the Convention, including the exchange of information and data agreed to in the Final Declaration of the Third Review Conference of the Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction,[2] and to provide such information and data in conformity with standardized procedure to the Secretary-General on an annual basis and no later than 15 April,", "Welcoming the reaffirmation made in the Final Declaration of the Fourth Review Conference that under all circumstances the use of bacteriological (biological) and toxin weapons and their development, production and stockpiling are effectively prohibited under article I of the Convention,[3]", "Recalling the decision reached at the Sixth Review Conference to hold four annual meetings of the States parties of one week’s duration each year commencing in 2007, prior to the Seventh Review Conference, which is to be held no later than the end of 2011, and to hold a one-week meeting of experts to prepare for each meeting of the States parties,[4]", "1. Notes with appreciation that two additional States have acceded to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction,¹ reaffirms its call upon all signatory States that have not yet ratified the Convention to do so without delay, and calls upon those States that have not signed the Convention to become parties thereto at the earliest possible date, thus contributing to the achievement of universal adherence to the Convention;", "2. Welcomes the information and data provided to date, as well as the several measures to update the mechanism for the transmission of information in the framework of confidence-building measures agreed upon at the Sixth Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction, and reiterates its call upon all States parties to the Convention to participate in the exchange of information and data agreed upon at the Third Review Conference;²", "3. Recalls the decisions on all provisions of the Convention reached at the Sixth Review Conference,⁴ and calls upon States parties to the Convention to participate in their implementation;", "4. Notes with appreciation the work of the Implementation Support Unit within the Office for Disarmament Affairs of the Secretariat during the 2007–2010 intersessional process consistent with its mandate and in accordance with the decisions of the Sixth Review Conference;", "5. Welcomes the successful holding of meetings as part of the 2007–2010 intersessional process, and in this context also welcomes the discussion aimed at the promotion of common understanding and effective action on topics agreed upon at the Sixth Review Conference;", "6. Notes the success of the meeting of the Preparatory Committee for the Seventh Review Conference, held in Geneva from 13 to 15 April 2011, and welcomes the convening of the Seventh Review Conference in Geneva from 5 to 22 December 2011 pursuant to the decision of the Preparatory Committee;", "7. Recalls that the Seventh Review Conference is mandated to consider issues identified in the review of the operation of the Convention as provided for in article XII thereof and any possible consensus follow-up action;", "8. Urges all States parties to continue to work together to achieve a consensus outcome of the Seventh Review Conference which strengthens the Convention;", "9. Notes with appreciation the events organized by some States parties for exchanges of views on the work of the Seventh Review Conference;", "10. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to render the necessary assistance to the depositary Governments of the Convention, to provide such services as may be required for the implementation of the decisions and recommendations of the review conferences and to render the necessary assistance and to provide such services as may be required for the Seventh Review Conference;", "11. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the item entitled “Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction”.", "71st plenary meeting 2 December 2011", "[1]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1015, No. 14860.", "[2]  See BWC/CONF.III/23, part II.", "[3]  See BWC/CONF.IV/9, part II.", "[4]  See BWC/CONF.VI/6, part III." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 2 December 2011", "[on the report of the First Committee (A/66/419)]", "Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its previous resolutions on the complete and effective prohibition of bacteriological (biological) and Toxin weapons and their destruction,", "Noting with satisfaction the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction [ 1) One hundred and sixty-five States parties, including all permanent members of the Security Council,", "Bearing in mind that the General Assembly has called upon all States parties to the Convention to participate in the implementation of the recommendations of the Review Conferences of the States Parties to the Convention, including the exchange of information and data agreed upon in the Final Declaration of the Third Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction, and to provide such information and data to the Secretary-General by 15 April each year,", "Welcoming the reaffirmation in the Final Declaration of the Fourth Review Conference of the practical prohibition of the use, development, production and stockpiling of bacteriological (biological) and Toxin Weapons in all circumstances, in accordance with article 1 of the Convention,", "Recalling the decision reached at the Sixth Review Conference to hold four one-week annual meetings of States parties prior to the seventh Review Conference, to be held annually in 2007, and to hold a one-week expert preparatory meeting prior to each Conference, [4]", "Notes with appreciation the accession of two other States to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction,1 reiterates its call upon all States that have not yet done so to ratify it promptly, and calls upon those States that have not yet done so to become parties as soon as possible, thereby contributing to the universality of the Convention;", "Welcomes the information and data provided to date and welcomes the agreement reached at the Sixth Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction to update the information transmission mechanisms in the framework of confidence-building measures, and reiterates its call upon all States parties to the Convention to participate in the information and data exchange activities agreed upon at the Third Review Conference;", "Recalls the decisions taken by the Sixth Review Conference on all provisions of the Convention, and calls upon States parties to the Convention to participate in the implementation of those decisions;4", "Notes with appreciation the work carried out by the Performance Support Unit of the Office for Disarmament Affairs of the Secretariat in the intersessional process for the period 2007-2010, in accordance with its mandate and the decisions of the Sixth Review Conference;", "Welcomes the successful meeting as part of the intersessional process for the period 2007-2010, and in this regard welcomes the discussion to promote a common understanding of and effective action on the topics agreed at the Sixth Review Conference;", "Takes note of the successful holding of the seventh Preparatory Committee for the Review Conference in Geneva from 13 to 15 April 2011, and welcomes the seventh Review Conference, held in Geneva from 5 to 22 December 2011, in accordance with the decision of the Preparatory Committee;", "Recalls the mandate of the Seventh Review Conference to consider the issues identified in the review of implementation of the Convention in accordance with article 12 of the Convention and any possible follow-up through consensus;", "Urges all States parties to continue to work together to achieve consensus outcomes at the seventh Review Conference in order to strengthen the Convention;", "Notes with appreciation that a number of States parties have organized activities to exchange views on the work of the Seventh Review Conference;", "Requests the Secretary-General to continue to provide the necessary assistance to the depositary Governments of the Convention to provide services that may be required to implement the decisions and recommendations of the Review Conferences and to provide the necessary assistance and services for the Seventh Review Conference;", "Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the item entitled “Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction”.", "2 December 2011", "71st plenary meeting", "United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1015, No. 1460.", "[2] See BWC/CONF.III/23, Part II.", "[3] See BWC/CONF.IV/9, Part II.", "[4] See BWC/CONF.VI/6, part three." ]

[ "2011年12月2日大会决议", "[根据第一委员会的报告(A/66/420)通过]", "66/66. 振兴裁军谈判会议工作和推进多边裁军谈判", "大会，", "回顾其2010年12月8日第65/93号决议，", "重申裁军对于加强全球安全和促进国际稳定的重要意义，", "确认推进裁军议程的政治意愿近年来已经加强，国际政治气氛有助于推动多边裁军和推进无核武器世界目标的实现，", "申明多边主义在裁军和不扩散领域谈判中的重要意义，", "铭记正如大会第一届专门讨论裁军问题的特别会议所述，裁军谈判会议作为唯一的多边裁军谈判论坛继续具有重要意义，", "回顾裁军谈判会议以往在成功谈判军备控制和裁军文书方面取得的成就，", "重申严重关切裁军机制的现状，包括裁军谈判会议十多年来缺乏实质性进展的情况，并强调需要更大的努力和灵活性来推进多边裁军谈判，", "欣见会员国为在多边裁军方面取得进展而作出的努力以及秘书长对这些努力的支持，回顾2010年9月24日在纽约举行的关于振兴裁军谈判会议工作和推进多边裁军谈判的高级别会议以及2011年7月27日至29日举行的大会后续全体会议，", "关切地注意到尽管作出各种努力，裁军谈判会议在2011年届会期间仍未能通过和执行一项工作方案，", "确认民间社会在裁军、不扩散和军备控制方面作出的贡献，", "铭记《联合国宪章》，尤其是关于大会在裁军方面的职责和权力的第四章第十一条，", "1. 欢迎经秘书长倡议于2010年9月24日在纽约举行的关于振兴裁军谈判会议工作和推进多边裁军谈判的高级别会议和2011年7月27日至29日举行的大会后续全体会议提供机会，以满足推进多边裁军努力的需求；", "2. 表示赞赏对迫切需要振兴多边裁军机构的工作和推进多边裁军谈判所表达的支持；", "3. 赞赏地注意到会员国和秘书长为振兴多边裁军机制继续努力并提出建议；", "4． 吁请各国加紧努力，创造有利于多边裁军谈判的环境；", "5． 邀请各国在适当论坛探讨、考虑和合并旨在振兴联合国整个裁军机制，包括裁军谈判会议的备案、提案和要素；", "6． 敦促裁军谈判会议通过并执行一项工作方案，使其能在2012年届会早期就将恢复实质性工作列入议程；", "7． 确认有必要在大会第六十六届会议期间对推进多边裁军谈判的所有相关努力作出评估；", "8. 决定将题为“振兴裁军谈判会议工作和推进多边裁军谈判”的项目列入第六十七届会议临时议程，以便审议执行本决议的进展情况，并在必要时进一步探讨推进多边裁军谈判的其他备选方案。", "2011年12月2日", "第71次全体会议" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 2 December 2011", "[on the report of the First Committee (A/66/420)]", "66/66. Revitalizing the work of the Conference on Disarmament and taking forward multilateral disarmament negotiations", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 65/93 of 8 December 2010,", "Reaffirming the importance of disarmament in strengthening global security and promoting international stability,", "Recognizing that the political will to advance the disarmament agenda has been strengthened in recent years and that the international political climate is conducive to the promotion of multilateral disarmament and moving towards the goal of a world without nuclear weapons,", "Affirming the importance of multilateralism in negotiations in the area of disarmament and non-proliferation,", "Mindful of the continuing importance of the Conference on Disarmament as the single multilateral disarmament negotiating forum, as stated during the first special session of the General Assembly devoted to disarmament,", "Recalling the past achievements of the Conference on Disarmament in successfully negotiating arms control and disarmament instruments,", "Reiterating its grave concern about the current status of the disarmament machinery, including the lack of substantive progress in the Conference on Disarmament for more than a decade, and stressing the need for greater efforts and flexibility to advance multilateral disarmament negotiations,", "Welcoming the efforts by Member States to secure progress in multilateral disarmament and the support of the Secretary-General for such efforts, and recalling the high-level meeting on revitalizing the work of the Conference on Disarmament and taking forward multilateral disarmament negotiations, held in New York on 24 September 2010, and the follow-up plenary meeting of the General Assembly, held from 27 to 29 July 2011,", "Noting with concern that, despite all efforts, the Conference on Disarmament has not been able to adopt and implement a programme of work during its 2011 session,", "Recognizing the contribution of civil society in the area of disarmament, non‑proliferation and arms control,", "Mindful of the Charter of the United Nations, in particular Article 11 of Chapter IV concerning the functions and powers of the General Assembly in respect of disarmament,", "1. Welcomes the opportunity provided by the high-level meeting on revitalizing the work of the Conference on Disarmament and taking forward multilateral disarmament negotiations, convened at the initiative of the Secretary-General in New York on 24 September 2010, and the follow-up plenary meeting of the General Assembly, held from 27 to 29 July 2011, to address the need to advance multilateral disarmament efforts;", "2. Expresses appreciation for the support voiced for the urgent need to revitalize the work of multilateral disarmament bodies and to advance multilateral disarmament negotiations;", "3. Notes with appreciation the continuing efforts and suggestions made by Member States and the Secretary-General with regard to revitalizing the multilateral disarmament machinery;", "4. Calls upon States to intensify efforts aimed at creating an environment conducive to multilateral disarmament negotiations;", "5. Invites States, in the appropriate forums, to explore, consider and consolidate options, proposals and elements for revitalization of the United Nations disarmament machinery as a whole, including the Conference on Disarmament;", "6. Urges the Conference on Disarmament to adopt and implement a programme of work to enable it to resume substantive work on its agenda early in its 2012 session;", "7. Recognizes the need to take stock, during the sixty-sixth session of the General Assembly, of all relevant efforts to take forward multilateral disarmament negotiations;", "8. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the item entitled “Revitalizing the work of the Conference on Disarmament and taking forward multilateral disarmament negotiations”, to review progress made in the implementation of the present resolution and, if necessary, to further explore options for taking forward multilateral disarmament negotiations.", "71st plenary meeting 2 December 2011" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 2 December 2011", "[on the report of the First Committee (A/64/420)]", "Revitalization of the work of the Conference on Disarmament and progress towards multilateral disarmament negotiations", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 65/93 of 8 December 2010,", "Reaffirming the importance of disarmament for strengthening global security and promoting international stability,", "Recognizing that the political will to move forward on the disarmament agenda has been strengthened in recent years and that the international political climate contributes to the promotion of multilateral disarmament and the promotion of the achievement of a world free of nuclear weapons,", "Affirming the importance of multilateralism in disarmament and non-proliferation negotiations,", "Bearing in mind the continuing importance of the Conference on Disarmament as the only multilateral disarmament negotiating forum, as stated in the first special session of the General Assembly devoted to disarmament,", "Recalling the previous achievements of the Conference on Disarmament in the successful negotiation of arms control and disarmament instruments,", "Reiterating its grave concern at the status of disarmament mechanisms, including the lack of substantive progress in the Conference on Disarmament over ten years, and stressing the need for greater efforts and flexibility to advance multilateral disarmament negotiations,", "Welcoming the efforts made by Member States to make progress in multilateral disarmament and the support of the Secretary-General for those efforts, and recalling the high-level meeting on revitalizing the work of the Conference on Disarmament and advancing multilateral disarmament negotiations, held in New York on 24 September 2010, and the follow-up plenary meeting of the General Assembly, held from 27 to 29 July 2011,", "Noting with concern that, despite efforts, the Conference on Disarmament has not been able to adopt and implement a programme of work during its 2011 session,", "Recognizing the contribution of civil society in disarmament, non-proliferation and arms control,", "Bearing in mind Chapter XI of the Charter of the United Nations, in particular on the functions and powers of the General Assembly in the field of disarmament,", "Welcomes the opportunity provided by the high-level meeting on the revitalization of the work of the Conference on Disarmament and the promotion of multilateral disarmament negotiations, held in New York on 24 September 2010, and the subsequent plenary meetings of the General Assembly, held from 27 to 29 July 2011, to meet the need to advance multilateral disarmament efforts;", "Expresses its appreciation for the support expressed for the urgent need to revitalize the work of multilateral disarmament bodies and to advance multilateral disarmament negotiations;", "Notes with appreciation the continuing efforts and recommendations of Member States and the Secretary-General to revitalize multilateral disarmament mechanisms;", "Calls upon States to intensify their efforts to create an environment conducive to multilateral disarmament negotiations;", "Invites States to explore, consider and consolidate in appropriate forums aimed at revitalizing the entire United Nations disarmament machinery, including the documentation, proposals and elements of the Conference on Disarmament;", "Urges the Conference on Disarmament to adopt and implement a programme of work that would enable it to reintegrate substantive work into the agenda at an early stage of the 2012 session;", "Acknowledges the need to assess all relevant efforts to advance multilateral disarmament negotiations during the sixty-sixth session of the General Assembly;", "Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the item entitled “Revitalization of the work of the Conference on Disarmament and the promotion of multilateral disarmament negotiations”, with a view to considering progress in the implementation of the present resolution and, if necessary, to explore further options for advancing multilateral disarmament negotiations.", "2 December 2011", "71st plenary meeting" ]

[ "2011年12月5日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/454(Part I))通过]", "66/67. 志愿人员国际年十周年", "大会，", "回顾其关于志愿人员国际年后续行动的2008年12月18日第63/153号决议和国际年十周年纪念活动，", "注意到国际年所产生的势头在全球促成了活跃的志愿服务，使更多来自广泛社会各阶层的民众参与其中，", "确认志愿服务是减贫、可持续发展、健康、青年赋权、气候变化、灾害预防与管理、社会融合、人道主义行动、建设和平以及尤其是消除社会排斥和歧视等各领域任何战略的一个重要组成部分，", "肯定联合国系统各组织目前为支持志愿服务所作的贡献，特别是联合国志愿人员方案在世界各地所做的工作，并肯定红十字会与红新月会国际联合会通过其全球网络为推动志愿服务而作的努力，", "铭记联合国系统相关部门需要就志愿人员国际年开展统筹协调的后续行动，", "1. 欢迎在2011年成功举办了志愿人员国际年十周年纪念活动，又欢迎自2001年举办国际年活动以来，志愿服务有了增多和发展；", "2. 确认十周年纪念活动为政府、联合国系统、民间社会、私营部门伙伴和世界各地广泛社会各阶层民众之间强化开展空前程度的协作提供了机会和推动力，并重申有必要进一步努力实现国际年的提高认识、普及、联网和倡导等方面各项目标；", "3. 称赞国家和国际志愿人员作出贡献，在灾害预防和灾后恢复方面发挥极其重要的作用，志愿人员最近在世界许多地方发生自然灾害之后，例如在巴西东南部大规模泥石流和水灾以及2011年3月日本东部大震灾发生后所做的工作便是这一作用的明证；", "4. 又赞赏志愿服务与体育运动之间的联系日益密切，这种联系通过国家和国际志愿人员对诸如奥林匹克运动会和残疾人奥林匹克运动会等重大体育活动筹备和组织工作的宝贵贡献，有助于促进和平理想；", "5. 确认志愿服务对社会和经济发展作了宝贵贡献，其中包括传统形式的互助和自助及其他形式的民间参与，使广大社会、社区和志愿者网络获益；", "6. 鼓励会员国支持在国际、区域、国家和地方各级设立知识和信息平台及联络中心，以促进资源共享，推动交流志愿服务的良好做法以持续进行调整、实施、复制和扩展；", "7. 鼓励会员国和志愿人员采取适当步骤以加强对志愿人员的保护，又鼓励实行良好做法以促进并管理志愿服务；", "8. 重申有必要肯定和促进一切形式的志愿服务，以促成社会各阶层，包括妇女、儿童、青年、老年人、残疾人、少数族裔、移徙者和由于社会或经济原因而仍受排斥者都参与其中并从中受益；", "9. 肯定民间社会组织对促进志愿服务的重要性，并在这方面确认加强会员国、联合国和民间社会之间开展对话与互动有助于扩展志愿服务；", "10. 注意到志愿服务有助于人类发展，并邀请各国政府更全面地将志愿服务纳入各项和平与发展方案及举措，从而创造机会，以便在地方、国家、区域和国际各级围绕共同目标建立强健、有凝聚力的志愿者联盟；", "11. 注意到各国政府为支持和促进志愿服务而采取的行动，并再次吁请它们继续此类行动；", "12. 吁请联合国系统相关组织和机构进一步承认各种形式的志愿服务并将其纳入各自的政策、方案和报告，承认志愿人员和志愿组织的贡献，并鼓励其参与今后的联合国会议和其他相关国际会议；", "13. 确认需要进一步争取包括民间社会在内所有相关伙伴的参与，并为它们的协调与合作提供便利，以创造一个有助于个人参与志愿活动的环境并增进志愿人员福祉，在这方面欢迎扩大私营部门的参与以支持志愿服务，此外鼓励通过扩大公司企业志愿服务和员工志愿活动来进一步争取各方参与；", "14. 欢迎联合国志愿人员组织作为国际年十周年纪念活动协调者开展工作以帮助会员国，包括为此在基多、安卡拉、马尼拉和达卡尔参与共同主办国际年十周年区域协商会，筹备2011年9月15日至17日在布达佩斯举行的与红十字会和红新月会国际联合会共同主办的全球志愿人员会议以及2011年9月3日至5日在德国波恩举行的新闻部/非政府组织会议；请联合国志愿人员组织继续努力促进志愿服务，包括为此调动国家和国际志愿人员以及制定诸如网上志愿服务等更新型、有创意的招募方法；", "15. 强调人与人之间关系是志愿服务的核心价值所在，并鼓励进一步努力建立和加强志愿人员及国家、区域和国际各级相关伙伴之间的网络联系，包括以世界志愿人员网为全球网络中心；", "16. 欢迎各国家委员会和协调机构积极参与在2011年宣传国际年十周年，并强调进一步强化这个全球网络以便建立其伙伴关系及分享经验和最佳做法的重要性；", "17. 确认需要进一步加强国内志愿人员与派遣志愿人员的国际组织之间的联系，以促进志愿服务机会的全球化；", "18. 强调志愿服务对实现千年发展目标的重要贡献，呼吁各方采取以人为中心、全面的方式提倡志愿服务；", "19. 又强调志愿服务以及个人和社区参与对于实现可持续发展及落实相关举措的重要贡献；", "20. 还强调志愿服务能为青年参与各种活动并发挥领导作用，从而为和平、包容性社会的营建作贡献提供宝贵的机会，同时也使青年能够获得技能，培养能力并提升其受雇价值；", "21. 请各国政府和联合国系统与其他有志愿人员参加的组织合作，为旨在强化志愿人员安全与保护的各种努力提供支持；", "22. 鼓励有志愿人员参加的组织以及志愿人员个人随时准备在履行职责过程中尊重国家和地方规范与习俗；", "23. 决定举行两次全体会议，专门讨论国际年后续行动及国际年十周年纪念活动，具体安排如下：", "(a) 在于2011年12月5日上午10时举行的全体会议开幕时，大会主席、秘书长、五个区域集团的主席、东道国代表及联合国志愿人员组织执行协调员将作发言；", "(b) 全体会议开幕后将举行第一次《世界志愿服务状况报告》[1] 的正式发表仪式，至下午1时结束，届时联合国开发计划署署长、该报告主稿人和经挑选的两名联合国志愿人员将出席；", "(c) 在于下午3时至6时举行的全体会议上，会员国及获长期邀请以观察员身份参加大会届会和工作者将作发言；[2]", "24. 期待收到关于国际年十周年纪念活动的全面报告以及关于在下一个十年及其后进一步将志愿服务纳入和平与发展活动的建议，同时回顾此前已请秘书长在题为“社会发展”的项目下就此事向大会第六十七届会议提出报告。", "2011年12月5日", "第73次全体会议", "[1] 联合国出版物，出售品编号：E.11.I.12。", "[2] 名单见A/INF/65/5。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 5 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/454 (Part I))]", "66/67. Tenth anniversary of the International Year of Volunteers", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 63/153 of 18 December 2008 on the follow‑up to the implementation of the International Year of Volunteers and the commemoration of its tenth anniversary,", "Noting that the momentum created by the International Year has contributed to the vibrancy of volunteerism globally with the involvement of more people, from a broader cross‑section of societies,", "Recognizing that volunteerism is an important component of any strategy aimed at, inter alia, such areas as poverty reduction, sustainable development, health, youth empowerment, climate change, disaster prevention and management, social integration, humanitarian action, peacebuilding and, in particular, overcoming social exclusion and discrimination,", "Acknowledging the existing contribution of the organizations of the United Nations system in support of volunteering, especially the work of the United Nations Volunteers programme around the world, and acknowledging also the efforts of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies to promote volunteerism throughout its global network,", "Bearing in mind the need for an integrated and coordinated follow‑up to the International Year to be pursued in the relevant parts of the United Nations system,", "1. Welcomes the successful observance of the tenth anniversary of the International Year of Volunteers in 2011, and also welcomes the growth and development of volunteerism since the International Year, in 2001;", "2. Acknowledges that the tenth anniversary has provided the opportunity and impetus for an increased and unprecedented level of collaboration among Governments, the United Nations system, civil society, private sector partners and people from a broad cross‑section of societies all over the world, and reaffirms the need for further efforts to achieve the goals of the International Year in the areas of the recognition, facilitation, networking and promotion of volunteerism worldwide;", "3. Commends the contributions from national and international volunteers for their fundamental role in disaster prevention and recovery, most recently evidenced by their performance in the aftermath of natural catastrophes in many parts of the world, such as mass landslides and floods in south‑eastern Brazil and the devastating earthquake that struck eastern Japan in March 2011;", "4. Also commends the increasing link between volunteerism and sports, which, through the invaluable contributions of national and international volunteers to the preparation and organization of major sport events such as the Olympic and the Paralympic Games, contributes to the promotion of the ideal of peace;", "5. Recognizes the valuable contribution of volunteering, including traditional forms of mutual aid and self‑help and other forms of civic participation, to social and economic development, thus benefiting society at large, communities and volunteer networks;", "6. Encourages Member States to support the setting‑up of knowledge and information platforms, as well as focal points at the international, regional, national and local levels, in order to foster the sharing of resources and good practices of volunteerism that could be adapted, implemented, replicated and scaled up on a sustained basis;", "7. Encourages Member States and volunteers to take appropriate steps to enhance the protection of volunteers, and also encourages the adoption of good practices in the promotion and management of volunteerism;", "8. Reaffirms the need to recognize and promote all forms of volunteerism in order to engage and benefit all segments of society, including women, children, young persons, older persons, persons with disabilities, minorities, migrants and those who remain excluded for social or economic reasons;", "9. Acknowledges the importance of civil society organizations to the promotion of volunteerism, and in that respect recognizes that strengthening the dialogue and interaction among Member States, the United Nations and civil society contributes to the expansion of volunteerism;", "10. Takes note that volunteerism contributes to human development, and invites Governments to integrate volunteering more fully into peace and development programmes and initiatives, which offer opportunities to build strong and cohesive volunteer coalitions around shared goals at the local, national, regional and international levels;", "11. Also takes note of the actions taken by Governments to support and promote volunteerism, and reiterates its call upon them to continue such action;", "12. Calls upon the relevant organizations and bodies of the United Nations system to further recognize and integrate volunteerism in its various forms into their policies, programmes and reports, recognizes the contributions of volunteers and volunteer organizations, and encourages their participation in future United Nations and other relevant international conferences;", "13. Recognizes the importance of further involving all relevant partners, including civil society, and facilitating their coordination and cooperation towards creating an enabling environment where individuals can engage in volunteer activities and promoting the well‑being of volunteers, welcomes in this regard the expanding involvement of the private sector in support of volunteerism, and encourages its further engagement through the expansion of corporate volunteering and employee volunteer activities;", "14. Welcomes the work of the United Nations Volunteers as the focal point for the tenth anniversary of the International Year in support of Member States, including by co‑hosting regional consultations for the tenth anniversary of the International Year, held in Quito, Ankara, Manila and Dakar, preparatory to the Global Volunteer Conference co‑hosted with the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, held in Budapest from 15 to 17 September 2011, as well as the Department of Public Information/Non‑Governmental Organizations Conference, held in Bonn, Germany, from 3 to 5 September 2011, and requests the United Nations Volunteers to continue their efforts to promote volunteerism, including through the mobilization of national and international volunteers and the development of newer and innovative recruitment modalities such as online volunteering;", "15. Emphasizes that people‑to‑people relations are the core value of volunteerism, and encourages further efforts to build and strengthen networks among volunteers and all relevant partners at the national, regional and international levels, including the World Volunteer Web as a global networking hub;", "16. Welcomes the active engagement of national committees and coordinating bodies in the promotion of the tenth anniversary of the International Year, and emphasizes the importance of further enhancing this global network for building their partnership and sharing experiences and good practices;", "17. Recognizes the need to further strengthen the link between domestic volunteers and international volunteer‑sending organizations in order to facilitate the globalization of volunteer opportunities;", "18. Emphasizes the important contribution of volunteering to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals, and calls for a people‑centred, holistic approach to the promotion of volunteering;", "19. Also emphasizes the important contribution of volunteering and the participation of individuals and communities to the achievement of sustainable development and related initiatives;", "20. Further emphasizes that volunteerism offers valuable opportunities for youth engagement and leadership to contribute to the development of peaceful and inclusive societies, while also allowing youth to acquire skills, build their capacities and increase their employability;", "21. Requests Governments and the United Nations system to work together with other volunteer‑involving organizations to support efforts to enhance the security and protection of volunteers;", "22. Encourages the preparedness of volunteer‑involving organizations and volunteers for respecting national and local norms and customs in performing their responsibilities;", "23. Decides that two plenary meetings devoted to the follow‑up to the International Year and the commemoration of its tenth anniversary shall be held as follows:", "(a) At the opening of the plenary meeting to be held at 10 a.m. on 5 December 2011, statements will be made by the President of the General Assembly, the Secretary‑General, the chairs of the five regional groups, the representative of the host country and the Executive Coordinator of the United Nations Volunteers;", "(b) Following the opening of the plenary meetings, the launch of the first State of the World’s Volunteerism Report[1] will be held until 1 p.m., with the participation of the Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme, the chief author of the report and two selected United Nations Volunteers;", "(c) At the plenary meeting to be held from 3 p.m. to 6 p.m., statements will be made by Member States and those with a standing invitation to participate as observers in the sessions and the work of the General Assembly;[2]", "24. Looks forward to a full report on the marking of the tenth anniversary of the International Year, as well as recommendations to further integrate volunteering in peace and development during the next decade and beyond, bearing in mind the request to the Secretary‑General to report on this subject to the General Assembly at its sixty‑seventh session under the item entitled “Social development”.", "73rd plenary meeting 5 December 2011", "[1]  United Nations publication, Sales No. E.11.I.12.", "[2]  As listed in A/INF/65/5." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 5 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/64/454 (Part I)]", "The tenth anniversary of the International Year of Volunteers", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 63/153 of 18 December 2008 on follow-up to the International Year of Volunteers and the commemoration of the tenth anniversary of the International Year,", "Noting that the momentum generated by the Year has globalized active voluntary services to increase the participation of people from a wide range of sectors of society,", "Recognizing that voluntary services are an important component of any strategy in the areas of poverty reduction, sustainable development, health, youth empowerment, climate change, disaster prevention and management, social integration, humanitarian action, peacebuilding and, in particular, the elimination of social exclusion and discrimination,", "Affirming the current contribution of the United Nations system organizations in support of voluntary services, in particular the work of the United Nations Volunteers Programme worldwide, and recognizing the efforts of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies to promote volunteer services through its global network,", "Bearing in mind the need for integrated and coordinated follow-up to the Year by relevant parts of the United Nations system,", "Welcomes the successful commemoration of the tenth anniversary of the International Year of Volunteers in 2011 and welcomes the increase and development of voluntary services since the International Year of Activities in 2001;", "Recognizes that the commemoration of the tenth anniversary provides an opportunity and impetus for enhanced collaboration between the Government, the United Nations system, civil society, private sector partners and the wide range of segments of the world, and reiterates the need for further efforts to achieve the goals of awareness-raising, universal access, networking and advocacy for the Year;", "Commends the contribution of national and international volunteers to play an important role in disaster prevention and recovery, which was demonstrated by the recent natural disasters in many parts of the world, such as mass mudslides and floods in the south-eastern part of Brazil and the work done since the devastating floods in the east of Japan in March 2011;", "Also commends the growing links between voluntary services and sports, which contribute to the promotion of the ideal of peace through national and international volunteers to the preparation and organization of major sports events such as the Olympic Games and the Olympic Games for Persons with Disabilities;", "Acknowledges that voluntary services have made a valuable contribution to social and economic development, including traditional forms of mutual assistance and self-help and other forms of civic engagement, benefiting the wider network of societies, communities and volunteers;", "Encourages Member States to support the establishment of knowledge and information platforms and focal points at the international, regional, national and local levels in order to promote resource sharing and promote the exchange of good practices for voluntary services for continuous adaptation, implementation, reproduction and expansion;", "Encourages Member States and volunteers to take appropriate steps to strengthen the protection of volunteers and encourages good practices to promote and manage voluntary services;", "Reaffirms the need to acknowledge and promote all forms of voluntary services to enable the participation and benefit of all sectors of society, including women, children, youth, the elderly, persons with disabilities, minorities, migrants and those still excluded for social or economic reasons;", "Acknowledges the importance of civil society organizations in promoting voluntary services, and in this regard recognizes that enhanced dialogue and interaction among Member States, the United Nations and civil society contribute to the expansion of voluntary services;", "Notes that voluntary services contribute to human development and invites Governments to integrate voluntary services more fully into development and development programmes and initiatives, thereby creating opportunities for strong and cohesive voluntary alliances around shared goals at the local, national, regional and international levels;", "Takes note of the actions taken by Governments to support and promote voluntary services, and reiterates its call upon them to continue such actions;", "Calls upon relevant organizations and bodies of the United Nations system to further recognize and integrate all forms of voluntary services into their policies, programmes and reports, to recognize the contributions of volunteers and voluntary organizations, and encourages their participation in future United Nations conferences and other relevant international conferences;", "Recognizes the need to further engage all relevant partners, including civil society, and to facilitate their coordination and cooperation in order to create an environment conducive to the participation of individuals in voluntary activities and to promote the well-being of volunteers, and, in this regard, welcomes the expansion of private sector participation in support of voluntary services, and encourages further engagement by expanding corporate volunteer services and voluntary activities of employees;", "Welcomes the work of the United Nations Volunteers as coordinator of the commemoration of the tenth anniversary of the International Year in order to assist Member States, including through participation in the joint hosting regional consultations on the tenth anniversary of the International Year, held in Quito, Ankara, Manila and Dakar, in preparation for the Global Volunteer Conference, co-sponsored by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, held in Budapest from 15 to 17 September 2011, and the Department of Public Information/NGO Conference held in Bonn, Germany, from 3 to 5 September 2011; and requests the United Nations Volunteers to continue its efforts to promote voluntary services, including through the mobilization of volunteers and the development of online services;", "Emphasizes that the relationship between the human person and the human person is at the core of voluntary services and encourages further efforts to establish and strengthen networking among volunteers and relevant partners at the national, regional and international levels, including through the World Volunteer Network as the Global Network Centre;", "Welcomes the active participation of national commissions and coordinating bodies in the promotion of the tenth anniversary of the International Year in 2011, and stresses the importance of further strengthening this global network to build its partnerships and share experiences and best practices;", "Acknowledges the need to further strengthen the links between national UNVs and international organizations contributing volunteers in order to promote globalization of voluntary service opportunities;", "Emphasizes the important contribution of voluntary services to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals, and calls upon all parties to promote volunteer services in a people-centred and comprehensive manner;", "Also emphasizes the important contribution of voluntary services and the participation of individuals and communities in achieving sustainable development and in implementing relevant initiatives;", "Also emphasizes that voluntary services can provide valuable opportunities for young people to participate in various activities and lead roles, thereby contributing to the building of peace and inclusive societies, as well as to enable young people to have skills, build capacity and enhance their employment value;", "Invites Governments and the United Nations system, in cooperation with other organizations with volunteers, to support efforts aimed at strengthening the safety and protection of volunteers;", "Encourages organizations that involve volunteers and individual volunteers to stand ready to respect national and local norms and practices in the performance of their duties;", "Decides to hold two plenary meetings devoted to the follow-up to the Year and the commemoration of the tenth anniversary of the International Year, with the following specific arrangements:", "(a) At the opening of plenary meetings on 5 December 2011, statements will be made by the President of the General Assembly, the Secretary-General, the Presidents of the five regional groups, the representatives of the host country and the Executive Coordinator of the United Nations Volunteers organizations;", "(b) A formal launch ceremony will be held after the opening of the plenary meeting to close from 1 to 1 p.m. when the Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme, the report owner and two selected United Nations Volunteers will attend;", "(c) In plenary meetings, held from 3 to 6 p.m., Member States and long-standing invitations to participate as observers in the sessions and practitioners of the General Assembly will make statements; [2]", "While looking forward to receiving a comprehensive report on the commemoration of the tenth anniversary of the International Year and recommendations for further integration of voluntary services into peace and development activities over the next decade and beyond, it was recalled that the Secretary-General had previously requested the Secretary-General to report on the matter to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session under the item entitled “Social development”.", "5 December 2011", "73th plenary meeting", "United Nations publication, Sales No.", "[2] The list is contained in A/INF/65/5." ]

[ "2011年12月6日大会决议", "[未经发交主要委员会而通过(A/66/L.22和Add.1)]", "66/68. 通过1995年《执行1982年12月10日〈联合国海洋法公约〉有关养护和管理跨界鱼类种群和高度洄游鱼类种群的规定的协定》和相关文书等途径实现可持续渔业", "大会，", "重申其关于可持续渔业的年度决议，包括2010年12月7日第65/38号决议以及其他相关决议，", "回顾《联合国海洋法公约》(《公约》)[1] 的相关规定，并铭记《公约》同1995年《执行1982年12月10日〈联合国海洋法公约〉有关养护和管理跨界鱼类种群和高度洄游鱼类种群的规定的协定》(《协定》)[2] 之间的关系，", "欢迎近期对《协定》的批准和加入，而且越来越多的国家、《公约》和《协定》第1条第2款(b)项所述实体以及次区域和区域渔业管理组织和安排，已酌情采取措施，实施《协定》的各项规定，", "又欢迎联合国粮食及农业组织及其渔业委员会开展的工作和2005年3月12日通过的《非法、未报告和无管制的捕捞问题2005年罗马宣言》，[3] 确认联合国粮食及农业组织的《负责任渔业行为守则》(《守则》)[4] 及包括国际行动计划在内的其他相关文书订立了负责任地养护渔业资源及管理和开发渔业的原则和全球行为标准，", "还欢迎渔业委员会2011年1月31日至2月4日在罗马举行的第二十九届会议取得的成果，包括作出的决定和提出的建议，[5]", "关切地注意到，特别是由于渔获量和渔捞努力量的漏报或误报致使信息和数据不可靠，因此很难在有些地区有效地管理海洋捕捞业，且这种缺乏准确数据的情况造成一些地区捕捞过度，", "确认可持续渔业对今世后代的粮食安全、赚取收入、积累财富和消除贫穷的重大贡献，", "在这方面欢迎渔业委员会第二十九届会议作出的决定，即联合国粮食及农业组织应参照现有相关文书，制定一项关于小规模渔业的新国际文书，该文书应补充《守则》，为自愿性质，且注重发展中国家的需要，⁵", "确认迫切需要在各级采取行动，通过广泛采用审慎做法和生态系统方法，长期可持续地利用和管理渔业资源，", "关切气候变化目前和预计今后会对粮食安全和渔业可持续性产生的不利影响，注意到政府间气候变化专门委员会、联合国粮食及农业组织和联合国环境规划署为此开展的工作，", "痛惜由于非法、未报告和无管制的捕捞，船旗国的监控和执法工作，包括监测、控制和监视措施不力，监管措施不足，有害的渔业补助和捕捞能力过剩，加上联合国粮食及农业组织的报告《2010年世界渔业和水产养殖状况》[6] 强调指出的港口国管制不力等原因，世界许多地区的鱼类种群，包括跨界鱼类种群和高度洄游鱼类种群，被过度捕捞，或者很少接受监管和渔捞努力量很大，", "支持世界贸易组织正在进行谈判,以加强对渔业部门补贴的纪律处罚，包括禁止某些助长捕捞能力过剩和过度捕捞的渔业补贴，", "关切只有为数有限的国家采取措施，各自和通过区域渔业管理组织和安排执行联合国粮食及农业组织通过的《管理捕捞能力国际行动计划》，[7]", "回顾联合国粮食及农业组织通过的《预防、阻止和消除非法、未报告和无管制的捕捞活动国际行动计划》，⁷", "尤其关切非法、未报告和无管制的捕捞活动严重威胁鱼类种群及海洋生境和生态系统，损害可持续渔业和许多国家，特别是发展中国家的粮食安全和经济，", "关切一些经营者日益利用渔业市场的全球化，买卖来自非法、未报告和无管制的捕捞活动的渔业产品并从中牟取经济利益，经济利益是他们从事这些活动的动机，", "确认有效地遏制和打击非法、未报告和无管制的捕捞活动需要大量的财政资源和其他资源，", "又确认《公约》、《促进公海渔船遵守国际养护和管理措施的协定》(《遵守措施协定》)、[8]《协定》和《守则》规定，船旗国有义务对悬挂其国旗的渔船和悬挂其国旗为渔船提供支助的船舶进行有效监督，确保这些渔船和辅助船舶的活动不损害根据国际法在国家、次区域、区域或全球各级采取的养护和管理措施的效力，", "还确认须充分管制、监测和控制海上转运，以利于打击非法、未报告和无管制的捕捞活动，", "肯定联合国粮食及农业组织于2011年5月2日至6日在罗马召开关于船旗国表现的技术磋商会，并注意到2012年3月5日至9日技术磋商会将在罗马复会，", "注意到根据《公约》相关规定所述国际法，所有国家均有义务在养护和管理海洋生物资源方面进行合作，并确认，除其他外，在海洋科学研究、数据收集、信息分享、能力建设和培训等领域中，开展在全球、区域、次区域和国家各级的协调与合作，对于海洋生物资源的养护、管理和可持续开发至关重要，", "欢迎有权限管制高度洄游鱼种的五个区域渔业管理组织2011年7月12日至14日在美利坚合众国圣地亚哥举行第三次联席会议，", "承认国家管辖范围以外水域的海洋数据锚定浮标系统对可持续发展、促进海上安全和限制人类面对自然灾害的脆弱程度非常重要，因为这些浮标系统用于天气和海洋预报、渔业管理、海啸预报和气候预测；表示关切锚定浮标和海啸仪等海洋数据浮标遭到的大多数破坏往往是一些捕鱼作业造成的，致使浮标失效，", "在这方面欢迎各国各自或通过区域渔业管理组织和安排采取措施，以保护海洋数据浮标系统免遭捕捞活动的影响，", "确认各国需要各自和通过区域渔业管理组织和安排，继续依照国际法制定和实施有效的港口国措施，打击过度捕捞及非法、未报告和无管制的捕捞活动，确认亟需与发展中国家合作，以便它们建立这方面的能力，并确认联合国粮食及农业组织和国际海事组织开展合作的重要性，", "满意地注意到最近批准、加入和核准联合国粮食及农业组织《关于防止、遏制和消除非法、未报告和无管制捕捞活动的港口国措施协议》的情况，[9]", "欢迎渔业委员会第二十九届会议决定由联合国粮食及农业组织设立一个不限成员名额工作组或类似的机制，以起草《关于防止、遏制和消除非法、未报告和无管制捕捞活动的港口国措施协议》第21条所述特设工作组的职权范围，⁵", "又欢迎于2011年2月28日至3月4日在莫桑比克马普托举办了第三届全球渔业执法培训讲习班，", "关切各种来源的海洋污染严重威胁人类健康和安全，危及鱼类种群、海洋生物多样性和海洋和沿海生境，给地方经济和国家经济造成重大损失，", "确认海洋废弃物是一个全球跨界污染问题，由于海洋废弃物的种类和来源不同，需要采用不同办法来防止和消除，", "注意到由于可持续水产养殖有助于增加全球鱼类供应，因此它继续增加发展中国家加强当地粮食安全和推动减贫的机会，加上其他水产养殖国的努力，它将能在很大程度上满足未来的鱼类消费需求，同时铭记《守则》第9条的规定，", "重申可持续水产养殖对粮食安全的重要意义，关切转基因水生鱼种对野生鱼类种群的健康和可持续性的潜在影响，", "欢迎渔业委员会第二十九届会议核可《水产养殖认证技术准则》，[10]", "注意到联合国粮食及农业组织2011年公布了《水产养殖中以野生鱼类为饲料的技术准则》，[11]", "提请注意小岛屿发展中国家、其他沿海发展中国家和以捕鱼为生的社区的特殊脆弱性，其生计、经济发展和粮食安全主要依靠可持续渔业，如果可持续渔业遭到不利影响，它们将遭受极大的损害，", "又提请注意那些影响许多发展中国家，特别是非洲国家和小岛屿发展中国家渔业的情况，并确认迫切需要建立能力，包括转让海洋技术，尤其是与渔业相关的技术，以增强这些国家行使权利的能力，以享受渔业资源产生的惠益并按照国际文书履行其义务，", "确认需要采取适当措施，尽可能减少副渔获物、废物、弃鱼(包括择优弃劣)、渔具丢失和其他因素，因为它们对鱼类种群可持续性产生不利影响，并因此可能对小岛屿发展中国家、其他沿海发展中国家和以捕鱼为生的社区的经济和粮食安全产生有害影响，", "欢迎渔业委员会第二十九届会议核可《关于管理副渔获物和减少弃鱼的国际准则》，[12]", "确认需要在渔业养护和管理工作中进一步采用生态系统方法，更普遍而言，必须在人类海洋活动的管理中采用生态系统方法，为此注意到《关于海洋生态系统负责任渔业的雷克雅未克宣言》、[13] 联合国粮食及农业组织围绕有关在渔业管理中采用生态系统方法的准则开展的工作、这一做法对执行《协定》和《守则》相关规定的重要性以及生物多样性公约缔约国会议第VII/11号决定[14] 和其他相关决定，", "又确认鲨鱼在许多国家中具有经济和文化重要性，鲨鱼是海洋生态系统中的主要掠食性鱼类，有重要生物意义，某些鲨鱼鱼种容易被过度捕捞，其中一些已濒临灭绝，需要采取措施长期养护、管理和可持续地利用鲨鱼和捕鲨业，并确认可利用联合国粮食及农业组织1999年通过的《养护和管理鲨鱼国际行动计划》⁷ 来指导此类措施的制定，", "重申支持联合国粮食及农业组织以及相关次区域和区域渔业管理组织和安排提出的鲨鱼养护和管理举措，并关切地注意到仍然缺少有关鲨鱼种群和捕捞情况的基本数据，只有为数不多的国家实施了《养护和管理鲨鱼国际行动计划》，并不是所有区域渔业管理组织和安排都针对专门捕捞鲨鱼的作业并为管制其他渔业导致的鲨鱼副渔获物采取养护和管理措施，", "欢迎各国采取科学措施，以养护和可持续管理鲨鱼，并在这方面注意到沿海国采取的管理措施，包括限制渔获量或渔捞努力量、技术措施(包括减少副渔获物的措施)、保护区、禁渔期以及监测、控制和监视，", "确认低营养级的海洋物种对生态系统和粮食安全的重要性，需要确保它们的长期可持续性，", "关切捕捞作业过程中继续发生海鸟（特别是信天翁和海燕）以及包括鲨鱼、有鳍鱼类、海洋哺乳动物和海龟在内的其他海洋物种意外死亡的情况，同时确认各国各自和通过区域渔业管理组织和安排，为减少误捕造成的意外死亡作出重大努力，", "一 实现可持续渔业", "1. 重申大会重视世界各大海洋的海洋生物资源的长期养护、管理和可持续利用，各国有义务依照《公约》¹ 有关条款所述国际法，尤其是《公约》第五部分和第七部分第二节有关合作的条款，并酌情依照《协定》，² 为此目的进行合作；", "2. 鼓励各国适当优先执行《可持续发展问题世界首脑会议执行计划》(《约翰内斯堡执行计划》)，[15] 以期实现可持续渔业，特别是紧急和尽可能至迟于2015年使枯竭种群恢复到可获得最高可持续渔获量的水平；", "3. 强调在将于2012年6月20至22日在巴西里约热内卢举行的联合国可持续发展会议框架内应对渔业可持续发展问题的重要意义，确认渔业对可持续发展三大支柱的重要贡献；", "4. 敦促各国直接或通过适当的次区域、区域或全球组织或安排，加紧努力评估和酌情处理全球气候变化对长期维持鱼类种群及其生境的影响，尤其是受影响最严重的种群；", "5. 强调船旗国有义务按照《公约》和《协定》履行责任，确保悬挂本国国旗的船舶遵守已通过和生效的公海渔业资源养护和管理措施；", "6. 为实现普遍参加的目标，吁请所有尚未参加《公约》的国家考虑到《公约》与《协定》之间的关系，参加《公约》，因为《公约》规定了开展所有海洋活动都要遵循的法律框架；", "7. 吁请所有国家直接或通过区域渔业管理组织和安排，根据国际法和《守则》，⁴ 广泛采用审慎做法和生态系统方法来养护、管理和开发各种鱼类种群，还吁请协定缔约国优先全面执行《协定》第6条的规定；", "8. 鼓励各国更多地凭借科学咨询意见制定、通过和实施养护和管理措施，包括通过国际合作，更加努力地科学制定养护和管理措施，依循国际法、审慎做法和生态系统方法，管理渔业，进一步了解生态系统方法，以便长期养护和可持续利用海洋生物资源，为此鼓励实施联合国粮食及农业组织的《改进有关捕捞业状况和趋势的信息的战略》，[16] 将其作为改进和了解渔业状况和趋势的框架；", "9. 吁请各国直接或通过区域渔业管理组织和安排，采用《协定》附件二和《守则》所述针对具体种群的审慎行事参考要点，将被捕捞种群的数量维持或恢复到可持续水平，必要时包括相关或依附物种，并采用这些参考要点来启动养护和管理行动；", "10. 鼓励各国采用审慎做法和生态系统方法，通过和执行养护和管理措施，以便除其他外，处理副渔获物、污染、过度捕捞问题，保护具体关注的生境，同时考虑到联合国粮食及农业组织制定的现行准则；", "11. 又鼓励各国各自或通过区域渔业管理组织或安排加强或制订观察员方案，以便更好地收集关于目标鱼种和副渔获物种等方面的数据，因为这也可以起协助监测、控制和监视工具的作用，同时考虑到《协定》第25条和《守则》第5条所述的此类方案的标准、合作形式和其他现有结构；", "12. 吁请各国及区域渔业管理组织和安排完整、准确和及时地收集要求提交的渔获量和渔捞努力量数据以及与渔业有关的信息，包括有关本国管辖区域以内和以外的跨界鱼类种群和高度洄游鱼类种群以及公海离散鱼类种群、副渔获物和弃鱼的数据和信息，并酌情将这种数据和信息报送联合国粮食及农业组织；在缺乏这种数据和信息时，建立程序，加强区域渔业管理组织和安排的成员收集和上报数据的工作，包括定期审查成员履行这些义务的情况，并在义务未得到履行时要求有关成员做出纠正，包括拟订有时限的行动计划；", "13. 邀请各国及区域渔业管理组织和安排与联合国粮食及农业组织合作，实施并进一步发展渔业资源监测系统举措；", "14. 重申2006年12月8日第61/105号决议第10段，并吁请各国，包括通过区域渔业管理组织或安排，根据现有的最佳科学信息，紧急采取措施，对专门捕捞鲨鱼和非专门捕捞鲨鱼的作业全面实施《养护和管理鲨鱼国际行动计划》，⁷ 包括限制渔获量或渔捞努力量，要求悬挂其国旗的船舶收集和定期上报鲨鱼捕获量数据，包括鲨鱼的具体种类、弃鱼和捕鱼上岸的数据，通过国际合作全面评估鲨鱼种群，减少鲨鱼的意外捕获及由此造成的死亡，在科学信息不明确或不足时，不增加鲨鱼的专门渔捞努力量，直至制定措施长期养护、管理和可持续利用鲨鱼种群，防止易受威胁或已受威胁的鲨鱼种群进一步减少；", "15. 吁请各国立即统一采取行动，更好地执行和遵守区域渔业管理组织或安排和各个国家管制鲨鱼捕捞及鲨鱼误捕的现行措施，特别是禁止或限制只为割取鲨鱼鳍进行捕捞的措施，并在必要时酌情考虑采取其他措施，例如规定所有捕获鲨鱼上岸时鱼鳍都要一只未割；", "16. 吁请有权限管制高度洄游鱼种的区域渔业管理组织依照《养护和管理鲨鱼国际行动计划》，针对在各自公约管辖区捕获的鲨鱼，酌情加强或制订审慎、以科学为依据的养护和管理措施；", "17. 欢迎联合国粮食及农业组织渔业委员会第二十九届会议决定该组织应编制一份报告，说明《养护和管理鲨鱼国际行动计划》⁵ 的执行情况，请该组织另编写一份报告，说明其成员国执行该文书和本决议第14段面临的挑战；", "18. 敦促各国考虑到鱼类产品和渔业产品贸易的重要性，特别是对发展中国家的重要性，消除违反世界贸易组织协定规定的权利和义务的鱼类产品和渔业产品贸易壁垒；", "19. 敦促各国及相关的国际和国家组织，根据适当养护和管理渔业资源的责任，允许小规模渔业利益攸关者参与制定相关的政策和渔业管理战略，以便这些渔业能够长期持续下去；", "20. 鼓励各国直接或通过次区域、区域或全球相关主管组织和安排，酌情分析捕鱼对低营养级海洋物种的影响；", "21. 邀请联合国粮食及农业组织考虑转基因鱼种对野生鱼类种群的健康和可持续性的潜在影响并按照《守则》就尽量减少这方面的有害影响提供指导；", "二 实施1995年《执行1982年12月10日<联合国海洋法公约>有关养护和管理跨界鱼类种群和高度洄游鱼类种群的规定的协定》", "22. 吁请所有尚未批准或加入《协定》的国家及《公约》和《协定》第1条第2款(b)项所述实体批准或加入《协定》，并在此之前考虑暂时适用《协定》；", "23. 吁请协定缔约国通过其国家立法和它们参加的区域渔业管理组织和安排，优先有效执行《协定》的规定；", "24. 强调《协定》有关在执法方面开展双边、次区域和区域合作的规定非常重要，敦促继续在这方面作出努力；", "25. 敦促协定缔约国依照《协定》第21条第4款，直接或通过相关次区域或区域渔业管理组织或安排，将本国发给经正式授权按《协定》第21和22条的规定执行登船和检查任务的官员的身份证明式样，通知所有有船舶在同一次区域或区域公海捕鱼的国家；", "26. 又敦促协定缔约国依照《协定》第21条第4款的规定，指定有关当局接受按照第21条发出的通知，并通过相关次区域或区域渔业管理组织或安排适当公布这些委派；", "27. 邀请尚未采用符合《协定》第21和22条的公海登船检查程序的区域渔业管理组织和安排采用这些程序；", "28. 吁请各国各自和酌情通过有权限处理公海离散鱼类种群问题的次区域和区域渔业管理组织和安排，根据《公约》并按《守则》和《协定》规定的一般原则，采取必要措施，长期养护、管理和可持续利用此类种群；", "29. 邀请各国协助发展中国家进一步参加区域渔业管理组织或安排，包括根据《协定》第25条第1款(b)项，协助它们获得捕捞跨界鱼类和高度洄游鱼类的机会，同时考虑到需要确保这种机会能让有关发展中国家及其国民受益；", "30. 邀请各国、国际金融机构和联合国系统各组织，按照《协定》第七部分提供援助，包括酌情制定特别金融机制或手段，让发展中国家，特别是其中的最不发达国家和小岛屿发展中国家，能根据适当养护和管理渔业资源的义务，建立国家开发渔业资源的能力，包括发展悬挂本国国旗的捕鱼船队，进行增值加工，扩大渔业工业的经济基础；", "31. 赞赏地注意到各国对《协定》第七部分设立的援助基金的捐款，并鼓励各国、政府间组织、国际金融机构、国家机构、非政府组织以及自然人和法人进一步自愿捐款给该基金；", "32. 满意地注意到联合国粮食及农业组织和秘书处法律事务厅海洋事务和海洋法司(“海法司”)已采取措施，宣传通过援助基金提供的援助，并鼓励该组织和海法司继续在此方面作出努力；", "33. 鼓励各国各自和酌情通过次区域和区域渔业管理组织和安排，在落实2006年5月22日至26日在纽约召开的协定审查会议的各项建议[17] 和确定新的优先事项方面，加快取得进展；", "34. 又鼓励各国各自和酌情通过次区域和区域渔业管理组织和安排适当考虑执行2010年5月24日至28日在纽约召开的审查会议续会的建议；[18]", "35. 再次请联合国粮食及农业组织在未有安排时，主动与各国作出安排，在次区域和区域两级收集和传播有关悬挂本国国旗的船舶公海捕捞情况的数据；", "36. 又再次请联合国粮食及农业组织修订其全球渔业统计数据库，按捕获地点提供跨界鱼类种群、高度洄游鱼类种群和公海离散鱼类种群的资料；", "三 相关的渔业文书", "37. 强调必须有效实施《遵守措施协定》⁸ 的规定，敦促继续在这方面作出努力；", "38. 吁请尚未参加《遵守措施协定》的所有国家和该协定第十条第1款所述的其他实体作为优先事项参加该协定，并考虑在此之前暂时适用该协定；", "39. 敦促各国及次区域和区域渔业管理组织和安排在其职权范围内实施《守则》和鼓励采用《守则》；", "40. 敦促各国优先制定和实施国家行动计划，并酌情制定和实施区域行动计划，以落实联合国粮食及农业组织的国际行动计划；", "41. 鼓励主管国际组织制订关于海洋渔业的海上安全最佳做法准则；", "42. 又鼓励各方广泛参加2012年国际海事组织在南非召开的外交会议，以便就执行1977年《国际渔船安全托雷莫利诺斯公约》的1993年《托雷莫利诺斯议定书》通过协议；", "四 非法、未报告和无管制的捕捞活动", "43. 再次强调严重关切非法、未报告和无管制的捕捞活动仍然是对海洋生态系统的最大威胁之一，继续对海洋资源的养护和管理、粮食安全和许多国家特别是发展中国家的经济产生严重和重大的影响，再次吁请各国充分履行一切现行义务，打击这类捕捞活动，迅速采取一切必要措施，实施《预防、阻止和消除非法、未报告和无管制的捕捞活动国际行动计划》；⁷", "44. 敦促各国对本国国民(包括受益船主)和悬挂本国国旗的船舶进行有效监督，以防止和阻止他们从事非法、未报告和无管制的捕捞活动，或支助从事非法、未报告和无管制捕捞活动的船舶，包括那些被区域渔业管理组织或安排列为从事这些活动的船舶，并促进相互协助，以确保对此类活动进行调查并予以适当制裁；", "45. 又敦促各国在国家、次区域、区域和全球各级采取有效措施，遏止任何船舶从事破坏次区域和区域渔业管理组织和安排根据国际法通过的养护和管理措施的活动，包括非法、未报告和无管制的捕捞活动；", "46. 吁请各国禁止悬挂本国国旗的船舶在公海上或在他国管辖区内进行捕捞，除非这些船舶获得有关国家当局的正式批准，并按批准规定的条件作业，并吁请各国依照《公约》、《协定》和《遵守措施协定》的相关规定采取具体措施，包括防止本国国民更换船旗，以监督悬挂本国国旗的船舶的捕捞作业；", "47. 敦促各国各自和通过区域渔业管理组织和安排集体制定适当的程序，以评估各国履行有关国际文书为悬挂本国国旗的渔船规定的义务的情况；", "48. 鼓励各国在联合国粮食及农业组织范围内就船旗国表现标准草案、船旗国表现评估和根据国际法为鼓励合规行为和协助发展中国家改进作为船旗国的表现可能采取的行动，继续开展关于船旗国表现的技术磋商会的工作；", "49. 重申必须在必要时，特别是在次区域和区域两级，加强政府间合作的国际法律框架，以采用符合国际法的方式，管理鱼类种群和打击非法、未报告和无管制的捕捞活动，并促使各国及《公约》和《协定》第1条第2款(b)项所述实体开展合作，努力处理这类捕捞活动；", "50. 敦促区域渔业管理组织和安排进一步协调采取措施，打击非法、未报告和无管制的捕捞活动，例如共同制订一份经查明从事非法、未报告和无管制的捕捞活动的船舶的名单或相互承认每个组织或安排制订的从事非法、未报告和无管制捕捞的船舶的名单；", "51. 再次吁请各国在有明显证据，证明有关船舶从事或曾从事或曾支持从事非法、未报告和无管制的捕捞活动，或有关船舶拒绝提供信息说明捕获物的原产地或允许捕捞的许可时，在不损害国家对其境内的港口拥有的主权，不妨害不可抗力或遇险理由的情况下，采取一切符合国际法的必要措施，包括禁止这些船舶使用本国港口，并随后报告有关船旗国；", "52. 重申第65/38号决议第48段关于消除悬挂“方便旗”的船舶进行非法、未报告和无管制的捕捞活动，并要求各国与悬挂本国国旗的渔船之间建立“真实联系”的规定，敦促实行开放登记的国家按照国际法的要求，有效控制所有悬挂本国国旗的渔船，否则，停止为渔船开放登记；", "53. 确认需要加强港口国措施，以打击非法、未报告和无管制的捕捞活动，敦促各国尤其在区域一级并通过次区域和区域渔业管理组织和安排，开展合作，在顾及《协定》第23条规定的情况下，采取一切符合国际法的必要港口措施，并进一步推动在区域一级制定和采用标准；", "54. 为此鼓励尚未如此行事的各国和区域经济一体化组织考虑签署和批准、接受、核准或加入《关于防止、遏制和消除非法、未报告和无管制捕捞活动的港口国措施协议》，⁹ 以期该协议早日生效；", "55. 鼓励加强联合国粮食及农业组织同国际海事组织的合作，同时考虑到它们在打击非法、未报告和无管制的捕捞活动，特别是更好地履行船旗国的职责和执行港口国措施方面各自的权限、任务规定和经验；", "56. 鼓励有船舶悬挂其国旗的国家和港口国尽力分享捕鱼上岸和捕获配额数据，并为此鼓励区域渔业管理组织和安排考虑建立载列此类数据的开放数据库，以便提高渔业管理的效力；", "57. 吁请各国采取一切必要措施，通过对海上鱼类转运进行适当管制、监测和控制，包括采取更多适用于悬挂本国国旗的船舶的国家措施防止此类转运，以确保悬挂本国国旗的船舶不转运从事非法、未报告和无管制捕捞活动的渔船捕获的鱼；", "58. 敦促各国按照《预防、阻止和消除非法、未报告和无管制的捕捞活动国际行动计划》的要求，各自和通过区域渔业管理组织和安排，按照国际法，包括世界贸易组织协定确定的原则、权利和义务，采纳和实施国际商定的市场措施；", "59. 鼓励各国和其他相关行为体依照渔业委员会的既定工作计划，就与市场和贸易有关的新出现的措施同有关国际论坛分享信息，因为这些措施可能会对所有国家产生影响，同时考虑到联合国粮食及农业组织《负责任的鱼类贸易技术准则》；¹¹", "60. 注意到对国际有组织犯罪可能与世界某些地区的非法捕鱼有关联问题的关切，鼓励各国，包括通过有关国际论坛和组织，研究非法捕鱼的起因、方法和诱因，进一步认识和了解可能存在的关联，并公布研究结果，在这方面注意到联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室发表的关于捕鱼业跨国有组织犯罪问题的研究报告，同时铭记国际法规定的适用于非法捕鱼和国际有组织犯罪的不同法律制度和补救办法；", "五 监测、控制和监视以及遵守和强制执行", "61. 吁请各国各自和在它们参加的区域渔业管理组织或安排内，根据国际法进一步执行全面监测、控制和监视措施以及遵守和执行计划，并在没有这些措施和计划时，制定这些措施和计划，以便有一个适当的纲要，促进遵守商定的养护和管理措施，并进一步敦促相关各国及区域渔业管理组织和安排在这些工作中加强协调；", "62. 鼓励主管国际组织，包括联合国粮食及农业组织以及次区域和区域渔业管理组织和安排，开展进一步工作，制定船旗国渔船监督准则；", "63. 敦促各国各自和通过相关区域渔业管理组织和安排，建立强制性船舶监测、控制和监视系统，尤其要求所有在公海捕鱼的船舶尽快在可行时配备船舶监测系统，同时回顾2008年12月5日第63/112号决议第62段敦促大型渔船至迟应于2008年12月配备船舶监测系统，并分享有关渔业执法事项的信息；", "64. 吁请各国各自和通过区域渔业管理组织或安排，根据本国法律和国际法，加强或开列在有关区域渔业管理组织和安排管辖区内捕鱼的船舶记录良好名单或记录不良名单，用以促进遵守养护和管理措施的情况，查出在非法、未报告和无管制情况下捕获的鱼，鼓励所有方面和区域渔业管理组织和安排在顾及《协定》第25条规定的与发展中国家开展合作的形式的同时，加强协调，交流和使用这些信息；", "65. 鼓励联合国粮食及农业组织与各国、区域经济一体化组织、国际海事组织，以及酌情与区域渔业管理组织和安排进行合作，加快编制和管理全球综合记录的努力，包括配备独特的船舶识别系统；", "66. 请各国和相关国际机构依照国际法，考虑到发展中国家的特别需要以及《协定》第25条规定的与发展中国家开展合作的形式，制定更有效的鱼类和渔业产品跟踪措施，使进口国能够查出违反依国际法商定的国际养护和管理措施所捕捞的鱼类或渔业产品，同时确认，对遵行这些国际措施捕捞的鱼类和渔业产品而言，根据《守则》第11.2.4、11.2.5和11.2.6条的规定提供市场准入至关重要；", "67. 请各国依照国际法采取必要措施，防止以破坏根据国际法通过的适当养护和管理措施的方式捕捞的鱼类和渔业产品进入国际贸易；", "68. 邀请联合国粮食及农业组织报告制订渔获记录计划和可追踪性最佳做法准则的进展情况，以列入秘书长向大会第六十七届会议提交的关于渔业的报告；", "69. 鼓励各国根据国际法制订和合作开展监视和执行活动，以强化有关工作，确保养护和管理措施得到遵守，防止和制止非法、未报告和无管制的捕捞活动；", "70. 敦促各国直接并通过区域渔业管理组织或安排酌情针对转运活动，特别是海上转运活动，制定和采取有效的监测、控制和监视措施，以便除其他外，根据国际法监测遵守情况，收集并核实渔业数据，防止和制止非法、未报告和无管制的捕捞活动，同时鼓励和支持联合国粮食及农业组织研究目前的转运做法，并为此制定一套准则；", "71. 感谢各国提供财务捐款以提高现有的自愿性国际渔业活动监测、控制和监视网络的能力，鼓励各国加入该网络和积极参加它的活动，在顾及《协定》第25条规定的与发展中国家开展合作的形式的同时，考虑酌情支持该网络按国际法变成一个有专项经费的国际机关，以进一步协助网络成员；", "六 捕捞能力过剩", "72. 吁请各国承诺通过制订指标和制定不断评估捕捞能力的计划或其他适当机制，迅速降低全世界渔船队的捕捞能力，使其达到与长期维持鱼类种群的目标一致的水平，同时避免以破坏鱼类种群可持续管理的方式将捕捞能力转移到其他捕捞业或地区，包括鱼类种群已被过度捕捞或处于枯竭状态的地区，并为此确认发展中国家拥有合法权利，依照《协定》第25条、《守则》第5条和联合国粮食及农业组织《管理捕捞能力国际行动计划》⁷ 第10段发展跨界鱼类捕捞业和高度洄游鱼类捕捞业；", "73. 再次吁请各国各自和通过区域渔业管理组织和安排确保迅速采取《管理捕捞能力国际行动计划》规定的紧急行动，并立即协助执行该《计划》；", "74. 邀请联合国粮食及农业组织根据《管理捕捞能力国际行动计划》第48段的规定，报告执行该《计划》的进展情况；", "75. 吁请各国各自和酌情通过有权限管制高度洄游鱼种的次区域和区域渔业管理组织和安排，立即处理全球金枪鱼捕捞能力问题，处理方式除其他外应承认发展中国家尤其是小岛屿发展中国家参与并受益于金枪鱼捕捞的合法权利，同时考虑到2010年6月29日至7月1日在澳大利亚布里斯班举行的金枪鱼区域渔业联合管理组织金枪鱼渔业管理国际研讨会的建议以及2011年7月金枪鱼区域渔业管理组织和安排第三次联席会议的建议；", "76. 鼓励正在合作建立次区域和区域渔业管理组织和安排的国家顾及现有的最佳科学资料和审慎做法，自愿在将属未来组织和安排管理的地区限制渔捞努力量，直到通过并实施适当的区域养护和管理措施，同时考虑到需要确保长期养护、管理和可持续利用有关鱼类种群，防止对脆弱的海洋生态系统产生重大不利影响；", "77. 敦促各国取消助长过度捕捞和捕捞能力过剩以及非法、未报告和无管制的捕捞活动的补贴，具体途径包括加快完成世界贸易组织就渔业补贴进行的谈判，根据2001年《多哈部长级宣言》[19] 澄清和改进渔业补贴规则并根据2005年《香港部长级宣言》[20] 加强渔业补贴规则，同时考虑到渔业部门对发展中国家的重要性；", "七 大型中上层流网捕鱼", "78. 表示关切，尽管1991年12月20日通过大会第46/215号决议，大型中上层流网捕鱼的做法依然存在，而且仍然是对海洋生物资源的威胁；", "79. 敦促各国各自和通过区域渔业管理组织和安排采取有效措施，或加强现有措施，执行和实施关于大型中上层流网捕鱼的第46/215号决议和其后各项决议的规定，以取缔大型中上层流网在所有海洋的使用，这就意味着第46/215号决议的执行不得造成该决议所禁止的流网作业转移至世界其他地方；", "80. 又敦促各国各自和通过区域渔业管理组织和安排采取有效措施，或加强现有措施，执行和实施目前全球暂停在公海使用大型中上层流网捕鱼的做法，并吁请各国确保悬挂本国国旗，获有正式授权在本国管辖水域使用大型流网的船舶不在公海使用该用具捕鱼；", "81. 重申第46/215号决议第6段关于向秘书长提供资料的请求，并请秘书长在其向大会第六十七届会议提交的报告中包括这些资料；", "八 副渔获物和弃鱼", "82. 敦促尚未采取行动的国家、次区域和区域渔业管理组织和安排以及其他相关国际组织按照国际法和包括《守则》在内的相关国际文书采取行动，包括顾及发展中沿海国家的利益和酌情顾及以捕鱼为生的社区的利益，减少或消除包括幼鱼在内的副渔获物、丢失或遗弃渔具捕获的鱼、弃鱼和捕捞后损失，特别是考虑采取措施，包括酌情采用与鱼体大小、网目尺寸或渔具、弃鱼和禁渔期有关的技术措施，以及涉及为某些渔业，特别是个体渔业建立保留区的技术措施，建立机制交流有关幼鱼在哪些区域高度集中的信息，同时考虑到必须为这些信息保密，支持有助于减少或消除副渔获幼鱼的调查和研究，并确保这些措施得到执行，以尽可能提高其效力；", "83. 吁请各国单独、集体或通过区域管理组织和安排，在参考关于捕鱼方法，包括集鱼装置的现有最佳科学信息基础上，进一步研究、制定和采取有效管理措施，以尽量减少副渔获物；", "84. 紧急吁请各国、次区域和区域渔业管理组织和安排以及在适当情况下其他有关国际组织制定和实施有效的管理措施，在适当情况下包括选择性渔具的使用，以减少发生非目标鱼种的捕获；", "85. 吁请各国、次区域和区域渔业管理组织和安排采取或改进措施，评估其渔业对副渔获物鱼种的影响，加强关于误捕副渔获物鱼种的资料和报告的全面性和准确性，途径包括实施充分的观察范围和利用现代技术，并吁请它们援助发展中国家履行数据收集和报告义务；", "86. 请各国及区域渔业管理组织和安排酌情加强或建立数据收集方案，以获得关于误捕鲨鱼、海龟、有鳍鱼类、海洋哺乳动物和海鸟的可靠估计，并促进对选择性渔具和做法以及减少误捕的适当措施加以进一步研究；", "87. 鼓励各国及《公约》和《协定》第1条第2款(b)项所述实体适当考虑酌情参加负责养护捕捞作业误捕的非目标鱼种的次区域和区域文书和组织；", "88. 鼓励各国根据需要，加强它们参加的次区域和区域渔业管理组织和安排的能力，以确保在顾及管理非目标鱼种的最佳做法的情况下，适当养护在捕捞作业中误捕的非目标鱼种，并为此加快它们目前正在进行的努力；", "89. 请各国及区域渔业管理组织和安排酌情紧急执行联合国粮食及农业组织2004年《关于在捕捞作业中减少海龟死亡的准则》[21] 和《减少延绳捕捞误捕海鸟国际行动计划》⁷ 建议采取的措施，通过尽可能减少副渔获物，增加释放后的存活率，防止海龟和海鸟种群在捕捞过程中减少，包括为此研究和开发替代渔具和鱼饵，提倡使用现有的减少副渔获物的技术，并制订和加强数据收集方案，获取标准化信息，以便对这些物种的副渔获量做出可靠的估计；", "90. 又请各国及区域渔业管理组织和安排采取紧急行动，通过和实施符合联合国粮食及农业组织2009年最佳做法技术准则的养护措施，在捕鱼中减少误捕信天翁和海燕等海鸟，以支持执行《减少延绳捕捞误捕海鸟国际行动计划》，¹¹ 同时顾及《保护信天翁和海燕协定》[22] 和诸如南极海洋生物资源保护委员会等组织的工作；", "九 次区域和区域合作", "91. 敦促沿海国和公海捕鱼国依照《公约》、《协定》和其他有关文书的规定，直接或通过有关次区域或区域渔业管理组织或安排，围绕跨界鱼类种群和高度洄游鱼类种群开展合作，有效养护和管理这些种群；", "92. 敦促在公海捕捞跨界鱼类种群和高度洄游鱼类种群的国家和相关沿海国履行合作义务，在次区域或区域渔业管理组织或安排有权限制定养护和管理此类种群的措施的情况下，加入这些组织或参加这些安排，或同意采用这些组织或安排规定的养护和管理措施，或以其他方式确保不会批准任何悬挂本国国旗的船舶捕捞有关区域渔业管理组织和安排所针对的渔业资源或这些组织或安排制定的养护和管理措施所适用的渔业资源；", "93. 为此邀请次区域和区域渔业管理组织和安排确保所有与有关渔业有实际利害关系的国家可以按《公约》、《协定》和《守则》的规定，成为组织成员或参加安排；", "94. 鼓励相关沿海国和在公海捕捞跨界鱼类种群或高度洄游鱼类种群的国家，在没有次区域或区域渔业管理组织或安排来制定养护和管理此类种群的措施的情况下，合作成立这样的组织或做出其他适当安排来养护和管理这些种群，并参加该组织或安排的工作；", "95. 敦促《养护和管理东南大西洋渔业资源公约》[23] 所有签署国和其他有本国船舶在该公约管辖区捕捞公约所涉渔业资源的国家，优先考虑参加该公约，并在参加前确保悬挂本国国旗的船舶充分遵守所通过的措施；", "96. 欢迎最近批准了《南印度洋渔业协定》，鼓励签署国和有实际利害关系的国家参加该协定，敦促这些国家商定和执行临时措施，包括根据第61/105号决议第80和83至87段及2009年12月4日第64/72号决议第117、119、120、122和123段制定的措施，确保在该协定生效之前，在协定适用的地区养护和管理渔业资源及其海洋生态系统和生境；", "97. 注意到区域一级最近作出努力，推动采用负责任的捕捞做法，包括打击非法、未报告和无管制的捕捞作业；", "98. 欢迎最近对《南太平洋公海渔业资源养护和管理公约》的批准和加入，并鼓励对《公约》更多的批准、加入、接受和核准，以期尽早生效；", "99. 鼓励各国、区域经济一体化组织、《南太平洋公海渔业资源养护和管理公约》第1条第2(b)段提及并参加过该公约谈判的实体，在该公约生效及养护和管理措施通过之前，充分执行已通过的自愿临时措施，以落实第61/105号决议第80和83至87段的规定；", "100.　又鼓励各国、区域经济一体化组织、《南太平洋公海渔业资源养护和管理公约》第1条第2(b)段提及并参加过该公约谈判的实体，在该公约生效及养护和管理措施通过之前，充分执行已通过的自愿临时措施，并自愿限制渔捞努力量和渔获量，以避免在该公约将适用的地区过度开发某些中上层渔业资源，而且在该公约生效前通过适用于某些中上层渔业资源的未来临时措施时，要考虑到科学工作组提供的科学咨询意见，并进一步要求根据临时措施全面、准确地报告渔获量；", "101.　满意地注意到关于在北太平洋建立区域渔业管理组织的谈判结束，并鼓励参与国充分执行根据第61/105号决议第80和83至87段及第64/72号决议第117、119、120、122和123段通过的自愿临时措施；", "102.　注意到印度洋金枪鱼委员会成员正在努力加强委员会的职能，以便它能更有效地完成任务，邀请联合国粮食及农业组织为此向委员会成员提供必要援助；", "103.　鼓励签署国和有实际利害关系的国家加入《关于加强美利坚合众国与哥斯达黎加共和国1949年公约设立的美洲间热带金枪鱼委员会的公约》；", "104. 欢迎《西北大西洋渔业未来多边合作公约》[24] 一些缔约方最近核准该公约的2007年修正案，鼓励尚未这样做的缔约方核准修正案，以使其尽早生效；", "105.　敦促区域渔业管理组织和安排进一步作出努力，作为优先事项按照国际法的规定，加强它们的任务规定和通过的措施，并使之现代化，依靠现有最佳科学信息，采用审慎做法和生态系统方法来管理渔业并考虑到生物多样性因素，包括养护和管理与生态有关和依靠生态的鱼种并保护它们的生境，如果以前没有这样做的话，按《协定》和其他相关国际文书所述，用现代化方法管理渔业，切实为长期养护和管理及可持续利用海洋生物资源作出贡献，欢迎那些已经朝这一方向采取步骤的区域渔业管理组织和安排；", "106.　吁请主管养护和管理高度洄游鱼类种群但尚未依照现有的最可靠科学资料采取有效养护和管理措施来养护和管理按规定由它们负责的种群的区域渔业管理组织，迅速采取这些措施；", "107.　敦促各国扩大和加强它们参加的现有和正在建立的区域渔业管理组织和安排之间的合作，包括通过开展联合协商加强沟通，进一步协调有关措施，并加强这些区域渔业管理组织和安排与其他相关渔业组织、区域海洋安排和其他相关国际组织的一体化、协调与合作；", "108. 敦促有权限管理高度洄游鱼种的五个区域渔业管理组织继续采取措施，落实金枪鱼区域渔业管理组织和安排第二次联席会议通过的《行动方案》，并考虑金枪鱼区域渔业管理组织和安排第三次联席会议的各项建议；", "109.　邀请各国和有权限管理高度洄游鱼种的区域渔业管理组织和安排通过酌情考虑举办联席会议等办法分享经验和良好做法；", "110.　敦促区域渔业管理组织和安排提高透明度，确保其决策过程公平和透明，以现有的最佳科学资料为依据，采纳审慎做法和生态系统方法，处理参与方权利问题，包括在充分考虑到相关鱼类种群的现状和各方在渔业中的利益的情况下，为此制定酌情体现《协定》相关规定的用于分配捕捞机会的透明标准；", "111. 欢迎东南大西洋渔业组织2010年业绩审查和西北大西洋渔业组织2011年业绩审查，欢迎一些区域渔业管理组织和安排完成了业绩审查，并鼓励它们酌情优先执行各自审查中提出的建议；", "112.　敦促各国通过参加尚未进行审查的区域渔业管理组织和安排，尽快采用依照《协定》和其他相关文书的规定制定的透明标准，考虑到区域渔业管理组织或安排的最佳做法，并酌情考虑到各国及其他区域渔业管理组织和安排制定的标准，对所属区域渔业管理组织和安排进行业绩审查，无论审查是由组织或安排自己进行，还是与外部伙伴合作进行，包括与联合国粮食及农业组织合作进行，鼓励在这类业绩审查中进行一定程度的独立评估，酌情提出如何改进区域渔业管理组织或安排的职能；", "113.　鼓励区域渔业管理组织和安排公布并共同讨论业绩审查结果，进一步考虑定期进行业绩审查；", "114.　敦促各国开展合作，在考虑到这些业绩审查的同时，制定区域渔业管理组织和安排最佳做法的准则，并尽可能将这些准则用于它们所参加的组织和安排；", "115.　鼓励制定区域准则，供各国制定制裁悬挂本国国旗的船舶和本国国民违规行为的措施，按本国法律适用，这些制裁措施应足够严厉，以有效确保法律得到遵守，阻止进一步违规行为，剥夺违规者从非法活动获得的利益，并运用准则来评估制裁制度，确保它们能有效地确保法规得到遵守，阻止违规行为；", "十 海洋生态系统中的负责任渔业", "116.　敦促各国各自或通过区域渔业管理组织和安排加强努力，对渔业适用生态系统方法，同时考虑到《约翰内斯堡执行计划》¹⁵ 第30(d)段；", "117.　鼓励各国各自或通过区域渔业管理组织和安排以及其他相关国际组织作出努力，确保以协调和统一的方式收集渔业和其他生态系统数据，推动酌情将其纳入全球观察举措；", "118.　吁请各国及区域渔业管理组织或安排与联合国粮食及农业组织、政府间海洋学委员会和世界气象组织等其他相关组织开展合作，酌情采取措施，保护国家管辖范围以外水域的海洋数据锚定浮标系统不受损害；", "119.　鼓励各国依照国际法的规定，增加关于海洋生态系统的科研活动；", "120.　吁请各国、联合国粮食及农业组织和其他专门机构、有关次区域和区域渔业管理组织和安排以及其他有关政府间机构相互合作，实现可持续的水产养殖，包括为此交流信息，就水生动物健康与人类健康问题以及人们关注的安全问题制定同等标准，评估水产养殖可能对包括生物多样性在内的海洋和沿海环境产生的积极和消极影响，包括社会经济影响，并采用有关方法和技术尽量减少和减轻不利影响，为此鼓励执行联合国粮食及农业组织2007年《改进水产养殖状况和趋势的信息的战略和纲要计划》，[25] 因为它是用于改进和了解水产养殖状况和趋势的纲要；", "121.　吁请各国确认深海生态系统和它们拥有的生物多样性极为重要，价值难以估量，立即各自和通过区域渔业管理组织和安排，根据审慎做法和生态系统方法采取行动，继续执行联合国粮食及农业组织2008年《公海深海渔业管理国际准则》(《准则》)，[26] 可持续管理鱼类种群，不让包括海底山脉、热液喷口和冷水珊瑚在内的脆弱海洋生态系统受到毁灭性捕捞的伤害；", "122.　重申第61/105号决议第80至90段和第64/72号决议第113至127段的重要性，其中涉及底鱼捕捞对脆弱海洋生态系统和深海鱼类种群长期可持续性的影响，重申这些决议要求紧急采取的行动，并强调各国及有关的区域渔业管理组织或安排应紧急充分履行它们根据这些段落所作的承诺；", "123.　回顾第61/105和64/72号决议及本决议关于底鱼捕捞对脆弱海洋生态系统影响的段落丝毫不损害沿海国对其大陆架拥有的主权，也不损害沿海国按《公约》特别是其中第77条所述国际法对其大陆架行使的管辖权；", "124.　在这方面注意到沿海国为解决底鱼捕捞对脆弱海洋生态系统的影响而对其大陆架采取的保护措施，注意到这些国家为确保这些措施得以执行而作出的各种努力；", "125.　欢迎各国、区域渔业管理组织或安排及参加旨在建立有权限管制底鱼捕捞活动的区域渔业管理组织或安排的谈判的国家取得重大进展，以执行第61/105号决议第80和83至87段及第64/72号决议第113、117和119至124段的规定，处理底鱼捕捞对脆弱海洋生态系统的影响问题；", "126.　又欢迎联合国粮食及农业组织在管理公海深海渔业和保护脆弱海洋生态系统方面正在做的大量工作，并敦促各国及区域渔业管理组织和安排确保在以可持续的方式管理深海渔业，执行第61/105号决议第80和83至87段及第64/72号决议第119、120和122至124段的规定方面所采取的行动均符合《准则》；", "127.　注意到联合国粮食及农业组织2010年5月10日至12日在大韩民国釜山举办的关于实施《准则》的讲习班的报告；[27]", "128.　欢迎秘书长根据第64/72号决议第128段于2011年9月15日和16日在纽约举办讲习班，讨论执行第61/105号决议第80和83至87段及第64/72号决议第117和119至127段的规定，处理底鱼捕捞对脆弱海洋生态系统和深海鱼类种群长期可持续性的影响问题；", "129. 考虑到，基于根据第64/72号决议第129段进行的审查，尽管取得了进展，但是第61/105和64/72号决议有关段落要求的紧急行动没有在所有情况下得到充分实施，在这方面需要根据预防性办法、生态系统办法和国际法并按照《准则》采取进一步行动，加强持续执行工作，并在这方面吁请各国通过有权限管制底鱼捕捞的区域渔业管理组织和安排，并吁请参与旨在建立此类组织或安排的谈判的国家以及船旗国，就国家管辖范围以外地区底鱼捕捞采取下列紧急行动：", "(a) 加强程序进行评估，要考虑到单个、集体和累积影响并公布评估结果，确认这样做可以在全球支持透明度和能力建设；", "(b) 建立和完善程序，确保评估在新的条件或信息需要时得以更新；", "(c) 建立和完善程序，根据现有的最佳科学和管理措施，定期评价、审查和修正评估；", "(d) 建立机制，以促进和加强根据国际法通过的关于保护脆弱海洋生态系统的适用措施的落实；", "130.　注意到并非所有的影响评估都已公诸于众，吁请各国根据国内法，并吁请区域渔业管理组织和安排，毫不拖延地公布所有评估结果；", "131.　确认各类海洋科学研究，包括在海洋不同地区进行的海底测绘查明了海洋生态系统脆弱的海域，并通过了养护和管理措施，包括根据第64/72号决议第119(b)段禁止在一些海域进行底鱼捕捞，以防止对此类生态系统产生重大不利影响；", "132.　在这方面鼓励有权限管制底鱼捕捞的区域渔业管理组织和安排、参加旨在建立此类组织或安排的谈判的国家以及船旗国考虑现有的海洋科学研究成果，包括从查明海洋生态系统脆弱海域的海底测绘方案中获得的成果，按照《准则》通过养护和管理措施，以防止底鱼捕捞对此类生态系统产生重大不利影响，或者在通过这些养护和管理措施之前禁止在这些海域进行底鱼捕捞，并如《公约》第十三部分所述，根据国际法为上述目的继续深入开展海洋科学研究；", "133.　鼓励各国、区域渔业管理组织和安排以及参加旨在建立此类组织或安排的谈判的国家根据《准则》和《公约》，包括《公约》第十三部分，进一步研究深海鱼种和生态系统，评估捕捞活动对目标鱼种和非目标鱼种的影响；", "134.　尤其确认发展中国家的特殊情况和需求，它们在充分实施《准则》某些技术要求方面可能面临具体挑战，在这些国家执行第61/105号决议第83至87段、第64/72号决议第119段、本决议第129段和《准则》方面，应充分考虑到《准则》关于发展中国家的特殊需求的第6节；", "135.　邀请联合国粮食及农业组织在促进各国及区域渔业管理组织和安排执行《准则》时，作为正在实施的深海渔业方案的一部分，考虑开展下列工作：", "(a) 汇编关于遇报规程和相关缓解措施，包括遇报临界值和规避距离的技术指导意见，说明其使用方式并予以公布；", "(b) 编写关于适用《准则》所述脆弱海洋生态系统鉴别标准的指导意见；", "(c) 编写关于评估问题，包括对单个、集体和累积影响的风险评估问题的指导意见，促进这类评估进一步标准化；", "(d) 支持和便利深海公海鱼类种群的评估工作，以确保此类渔业的可持续性；", "(e) 继续开展工作，创建脆弱海洋生态系统信息全球数据库；", "136.　又邀请联合国粮食及农业组织考虑举行关于审查影响评估的会议，由有权限管制底鱼捕捞的区域渔业管理组织和安排以及各国的科学家参加，以便提出进行此类评估，包括风险评估的最佳做法和标准；", "137. 决定2015年进一步审查各国和区域渔业管理组织和安排根据第64/72号决议第117和119至127段和本决议第121、126和129至136段的规定采取的行动，以确保其中所载措施得到有效实施，并且必要时提出进一步建议；", "138.　鼓励加快工作进度，制定关于为渔业目的建立海洋保护区的目标和管理的标准，并为此欢迎联合国粮食及农业组织准备开展工作，根据《公约》和《守则》制定用于设计、建立和检验为渔业目的建立的海洋保护区的技术准则，并敦促所有相关国际组织和机构予以协调与合作；", "139.　在这方面注意到2010年10月18日至29日在日本名古屋召开的生物多样性公约缔约方大会第十届会议通过了新的《2011-2020年生物多样性战略计划》；[28]", "140.　敦促所有国家执行1995年《保护海洋环境免受陆上活动污染全球行动纲领》，[29] 加紧开展活动，不让包括鱼类种群在内的海洋生态系统受到污染和出现物理退化；", "141.　承认遗弃、丢失或抛弃的渔具对海洋环境造成严重的环境影响，并鼓励各国采取行动减少此类渔具，同时注意到联合国环境规划署和联合国粮食及农业组织2009年报告提出的建议；[30]", "142.　重申重视2005年11月29日第60/31号决议中关于丢失、遗弃或抛弃渔具和有关海洋废弃物的问题以及这类废弃物和遗弃渔具尤其对鱼类种群、生境和其他海洋物种的不利影响的第77至81段，敦促各国及区域渔业管理组织和安排加快决议这些段落的执行速度；", "143.　鼓励包括联合国粮食及农业组织在内的机构进一步研究水下噪声对鱼类和捕获率的影响以及相关的社会经济影响；", "144.　呼吁各国，包括通过区域渔业管理组织和安排，在养护和可持续利用海洋生物资源的全球努力中发挥积极作用，以促进海洋生物多样性；", "145.　鼓励各国各自或酌情通过区域渔业管理组织和安排，查明在其管辖或权限范围内的鱼类种群产卵和育苗区，并在必要情况下，采取科学措施，对处于生命关键阶段的这些鱼类种群予以养护；", "十一 能力建设", "146.　再次申明，各国直接或酌情通过有关次区域和区域组织开展合作，以及其他国际组织，包括联合国粮食及农业组织通过其渔业守则方案开展合作，至为重要，以依照《协定》、《遵守措施协定》和《守则》及其相关国际行动计划，⁷ 通过财政和(或)技术援助等手段，提高发展中国家实现本决议提出的目标和采取决议要求的行动的能力；", "147.　欢迎联合国粮食及农业组织开展工作，制订关于创造有利于小规模渔业的环境所必需的战略和措施的准则，并鼓励开展研究，为沿海社区寻找其他可行的谋生手段；", "148.　鼓励各国、国际金融机构以及相关政府间组织和机构依循环境可持续性，向发展中国家，特别是小岛屿发展中国家的渔民，尤其是小户渔民，提供更多能力建设援助和技术援助，要认识到粮食安全和生计可能需要依靠渔业；", "149.　鼓励国际社会增加发展中国家，特别是最不发达国家、小岛屿发展中国家和非洲沿海国家的可持续发展机会，为此鼓励这些国家更多地参加远洋捕捞国获准根据《公约》在其管辖区域内开展的捕捞活动，让发展中国家从本国管辖区域内的渔业资源中获得更大的经济回报，在区域渔业管理中发挥更大作用，并根据国际法，特别是根据《公约》和《协定》，在顾及《守则》第5条的同时，增加发展中国家发展本国渔业和参加公海捕捞活动，包括进行公海捕捞的能力；", "150.　请远洋捕捞国在同发展中沿海国谈判订立准入协定和安排时，以公平和可持续的方式行事，并考虑到这些国家从其专属经济区可持续利用自然资源中充分获益的正当期待，确保悬挂远洋捕捞国国旗的船舶遵守发展中沿海国根据国际法制定的法律和条例，更多地注意发展中沿海国管辖区域内的鱼类加工活动和鱼类加工设施，帮助这些国家从开发渔业资源中受益，并在考虑到《协定》第25条和《守则》第5条规定的合作形式的情况下，转让技术和提供援助，以便在发展中沿海国管辖并给予捕捞许可的区域内开展监测、控制和监视以及遵守和强制执行方面的工作；", "151.　鼓励各国各自和通过区域渔业管理组织和安排，增加对发展中国家的援助，并更加统一地提供此类援助，以起草、制定和执行有关养护和可持续管理鱼类种群的协定、文书和工具，包括制定和加强其国内渔业监管政策及其所属区域的区域渔业管理组织或安排的渔业监管政策，利用现有资金来源，例如根据《协定》第七部分设立的援助基金、双边援助、区域渔业管理组织和安排的援助资金、渔业守则方案、世界银行全球渔业方案和全球环境基金，加强科研能力；", "152.　又鼓励各国向发展中国家提供技术和财政支持，应对它们在执行《准则》方面的特殊需求和挑战；", "153.　吁请各国继续开展对话，继续根据《协定》第24至26条提供援助和合作，设法解决可能妨碍发展中国家参加《协定》的能力与资源不足问题，以促使更多国家批准或加入《协定》；", "154.　赞赏地注意到秘书处汇编的资料，其中说明了发展中国家在养护和管理跨界鱼类种群和高度洄游鱼类种群方面的能力建设需要和援助需要以及它们用以满足此类需要的可用援助来源；[31]", "155.　鼓励各国、区域渔业管理组织和安排以及其他相关机构协助发展中国家采取第61/105号决议第80和83至87段及第64/72号决议第113、117和119至124段要求的行动；", "156.　敦促各国和区域经济一体化组织各自和通过区域渔业管理组织和安排将协助发展中国家，特别是最不发达国家和小岛屿发展中国家的努力纳入其他相关的国际发展战略的主流，以加强国际协作，使这些国家能够发展利用渔业资源的国家能力，履行确保养护和管理这些资源的责任，并在这方面请秘书长充分调动和协调联合国系统各机构、基金和方案在各自任务范围内所作的努力，包括在区域经济委员会一级的努力；", "157.　请各国和区域渔业管理组织制定战略，进一步协助发展中国家，特别是最不发达国家和小岛屿发展中国家，充分实现捕捞跨界鱼类种群和高度洄游鱼类种群所带来的利益，加强旨在可持续养护和管理这些鱼类种群的区域努力，并提供这方面的有关资料；", "十二 联合国系统内的合作", "158.　请联合国系统相关部门、国际金融机构和捐助机构支持区域渔业管理组织及其成员国提高执法和遵纪守法能力；", "159.　邀请联合国粮食及农业组织继续实行同联合国各机构做出的关于执行国际行动计划的合作安排，并向秘书长报告这项工作的合作与协调重点，供秘书长列入其关于可持续渔业的年度报告；", "十三 海洋事务和海洋法司的活动", "160.　赞赏海法司编写的秘书长关于各国和区域渔业管理组织和安排根据大会关于可持续渔业的第61/105号决议第80和83至87段和第64/72号决议第113至117和119至127段规定采取行动的报告，其中说明了底鱼捕捞对脆弱海洋生态系统和深海鱼类种群的长期可持续性的影响，[32] 赞赏反映了该司以高标准援助会员国的其他活动；", "161.　请秘书长继续履行《公约》、《协定》和大会有关决议赋予他的责任和职能并确保联合国核定预算为海法司开展活动分配适当资源；", "十四 大会第六十七届会议", "162. 请秘书长提请所有国家、相关政府间组织、联合国系统各组织和机构、次区域和区域渔业管理组织以及相关非政府组织注意本决议，邀请它们向秘书长提供有关本决议执行情况的资料；", "163. 又请秘书长向大会第六十七届会议提交关于通过1995年《执行1982年12月10日〈联合国海洋法公约〉有关养护和管理跨界鱼类种群和高度洄游鱼类种群的规定的协定》和相关文书等途径实现可持续渔业的报告，其中考虑到各国，特别是联合国粮食及农业组织等有关专门机构，联合国系统其他有关机关、组织和方案，关于养护和管理跨界鱼类种群和高度洄游鱼类种群的次区域和区域组织和安排，其他有关政府间机构和非政府组织提供的信息，并包含除其他外本决议有关段落叙述的内容；", "164.　注意到希望大会关于可持续渔业的年度决议的非正式协商进一步提高效率和各国代表团进一步加强有效的参与，决定11月举行该决议非正式协商的单轮协商，为期6天，并邀请各国至迟在协商开始四个星期前向非正式协商协调员提交列入决议的文本提案；", "165.　决定将题为“通过1995年《执行1982年12月10日〈联合国海洋法公约〉有关养护和管理跨界鱼类种群和高度洄游鱼类种群的规定的协定》和相关文书等途径实现可持续渔业”的分项目列入大会第六十七届会议临时议程题为“海洋和海洋法”的项目下，并审议能否每两年将该分项列入未来的临时议程。", "2011年12月6日", "第76次全体会议", "[1] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第1833卷，第31363号。", "[2] 同上，第2167卷，第37924号。", "[3] 联合国粮食及农业组织，《渔业问题部长级会议成果，2005年3月12日，罗马》(CL 128/INF/11)，附录B。", "[4] 《国际渔业文书，附索引》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：E.98.V.11)，第三节。", "[5] 见联合国粮食及农业组织，《渔业委员会第二十九届会议报告，2011年1月31日至2月4日，罗马》，粮农组织渔业及水产养殖报告第973号(FIPI/R973(C))。", "[6] 可查阅www.fao.org/corp/publications/zh。", "[7] 可查阅www.fao.org/fishery/publications/zh。", "[8] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第2221卷，第39486号。", "[9] 联合国粮食及农业组织，《粮农组织大会报告，第三十六届会议，2009年11月18日至23日，罗马》(C 2009/REP和Corr.3)，附录E。", "[10] 可查阅http://www.fao.org/docrep/015/i2296c/i2296c00.htm。", "[11] 可查阅www.fao.org/fishery/publications/technical-guidelines/zh。", "[12] 联合国粮食及农业组织，《关于管理副渔获物和减少弃鱼国际准则的技术磋商会的报告，2010年12月6日至10日，罗马》，粮农组织渔业及水产养殖报告第957号(FIRO/R957(C))，附录E。", "[13] E/CN.17/2002/PC.2/3，附件。", "[14] 见联合国环境规划署，UNEP/CBD/COP/7/21号文件，附件。", "[15] 《可持续发展问题世界首脑会议的报告，2002年8月26日至9月4日，南非约翰内斯堡》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.03.II.A.1和更正)，第一章，决议2，附件。", "[16] 联合国粮食及农业组织，《渔业委员会第二十五届会议的报告，2003年2月24日至28日，罗马》，粮农组织渔业报告第702号(FIPL/R702(中文))，附录H。", "[17] 见A/CONF.210/2006/15，附件。", "[18] 见A/CONF.210/2010/7，附件。", "[19] A/C.2//56/7，附件。", "[20] 世界贸易组织，WT/MIN(05)/DEC号文件。", "[21] 联合国粮食及农业组织，《关于海龟养护和渔业问题的技术磋商会的报告，2004年11月29日至12月2日，泰国曼谷》，粮农组织渔业报告第765号(FIRM/R765(中文))，附录E。", "[22] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第2258卷，第40228号。", "[23] 同上，第2221卷，第39489号。", "[24] 同上，第1135卷，第17799号。", "[25] 可查阅http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/i0445c/i0445c00.htm。", "[26] 联合国粮食及农业组织，《关于公海深海渔业管理国际准则的技术磋商会的报告，2008年2月4日至8日和8月25日至29日，罗马》，粮农组织渔业和水产养殖报告第881号(FIEP/R881(中文))，附录F。", "[27] 联合国粮食及农业组织，《粮农组织关于“实施<公海深海渔业管理国际准则>：挑战与前进方向”的讲习班的报告，2010年5月10日至12日，大韩民国釜山》，粮农组织渔业和水产养殖报告第948号(FIPI/R948(en))。", "[28] 见联合国环境规划署，UNEP/CBD/COP/10/27号文件，附件，第X/2号决定。", "[29] 见A/51/116，附件二。", "[30] 可查阅www.fao.org/docrep/011/i0620e/i0620e00.htm。", "[31] www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreements/fishstocksmeetings/compilation2009updated.pdf。", "[32] A/66/307。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 December 2011", "[without reference to a Main Committee (A/66/L.22 and Add.1)]", "66/68. Sustainable fisheries, including through the 1995 Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks, and related instruments", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming its annual resolutions on sustainable fisheries, including resolution 65/38 of 7 December 2010, and other relevant resolutions,", "Recalling the relevant provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (“the Convention”),[1] and bearing in mind the relationship between the Convention and the 1995 Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks (“the Agreement”),[2]", "Welcoming the recent ratifications of and accessions to the Agreement and the fact that a growing number of States, entities referred to in the Convention and in article 1, paragraph 2 (b), of the Agreement, and subregional and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, have taken measures, as appropriate, towards the implementation of the provisions of the Agreement,", "Welcoming also the work of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and its Committee on Fisheries and the 2005 Rome Declaration on Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing, adopted on 12 March 2005,[3] and recognizing that the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (“the Code”)[4] and other related instruments, including its international plans of action, set out principles and global standards of behaviour for responsible practices for conservation of fisheries resources and the management and development of fisheries,", "Welcoming further the outcomes, including the decisions and recommendations, of the twenty-ninth session of the Committee on Fisheries, held in Rome from 31 January to 4 February 2011,[5]", "Noting with concern that effective management of marine capture fisheries has been made difficult in some areas by unreliable information and data caused by, inter alia, unreported and misreported fish catch and fishing effort and that this lack of accurate data contributes to overfishing in some areas,", "Recognizing the significant contribution of sustainable fisheries to food security, income, wealth and poverty alleviation for present and future generations,", "Welcoming in this regard the decision of the Committee on Fisheries at its twenty-ninth session that the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations should develop a new international instrument on small-scale fisheries that would draw on relevant existing instruments, complementing the Code, and that should be voluntary in nature and focus on the needs of developing countries,⁵", "Recognizing the urgent need for action at all levels to ensure the long-term sustainable use and management of fisheries resources through the wide application of the precautionary approach and ecosystem approaches,", "Expressing concern over the current and projected adverse effects of climate change on food security and the sustainability of fisheries, and noting in that regard the work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the United Nations Environment Programme,", "Deploring the fact that fish stocks, including straddling fish stocks and highly migratory fish stocks, in many parts of the world are overfished or subject to sparsely regulated and heavy fishing efforts, as a result of, inter alia, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, inadequate flag State control and enforcement, including monitoring, control and surveillance measures, inadequate regulatory measures, harmful fisheries subsidies and overcapacity, as well as inadequate port State control, as highlighted in the report of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2010,[6]", "Expressing its support for the ongoing negotiations in the World Trade Organization to strengthen disciplines on subsidies in the fisheries sector, including through the prohibition of certain forms of fisheries subsidies that contribute to overcapacity and overfishing,", "Concerned that a limited number of States have taken measures to implement, individually and through regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, the International Plan of Action for the Management of Fishing Capacity adopted by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,[7]", "Recalling the International Plan of Action to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing adopted by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,⁷", "Particularly concerned that illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing constitutes a serious threat to fish stocks and marine habitats and ecosystems, to the detriment of sustainable fisheries as well as the food security and the economies of many States, particularly developing States,", "Concerned that some operators increasingly take advantage of the globalization of fishery markets to trade fishery products stemming from illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and make economic profits from those operations, which constitutes an incentive for them to pursue their activities,", "Recognizing that effective deterrence and combating of illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing has significant financial and other resource implications,", "Recognizing also the duty provided in the Convention, the Agreement to Promote Compliance with International Conservation and Management Measures by Fishing Vessels on the High Seas (“the Compliance Agreement”),[8] the Agreement and the Code for flag States to exercise effective control over fishing vessels flying their flag, and vessels flying their flag which provide support to fishing vessels, to ensure that the activities of such fishing and support vessels do not undermine the effectiveness of conservation and management measures taken in accordance with international law and adopted at the national, subregional, regional or global levels,", "Recognizing further the importance of adequately regulating, monitoring and controlling trans-shipment at sea to contribute to combating illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing activities,", "Acknowledging the convening by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations of the Technical Consultation on Flag State Performance, in Rome from 2 to 6 May 2011, and noting the resumed session of the Technical Consultation, to be held in Rome from 5 to 9 March 2012,", "Noting the obligation of all States, in accordance with international law, as reflected in the relevant provisions of the Convention, to cooperate in the conservation and management of living marine resources, and recognizing the importance of coordination and cooperation at the global, regional, subregional as well as national levels in the areas, inter alia, of marine scientific research, data collection, information-sharing, capacity-building and training for the conservation, management and sustainable development of living marine resources,", "Welcoming the holding of the third joint meeting of the five regional fisheries management organizations with competence to regulate highly migratory species, in San Diego, United States of America, from 12 to 14 July 2011,", "Acknowledging the importance of ocean data buoy systems moored in areas beyond national jurisdiction to sustainable development, promoting safety at sea and limiting human vulnerability to natural disasters, due to their use in weather and marine forecasts, fisheries management, tsunami forecasts and climate prediction, and expressing concern that most damage to ocean data buoys, such as moored buoys and tsunameters, frequently results from actions taken by some fishing operations which render the buoys inoperable,", "Welcoming, in this regard, the adoption of measures by States, individually or through regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, to protect ocean data buoy systems from the impacts of fishing activities,", "Recognizing the need for States, individually and through regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, to continue to develop and implement, consistent with international law, effective port State measures to combat overfishing and illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, the critical need for cooperation with developing States to build their capacity, and the importance of cooperation between the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the International Maritime Organization in this regard,", "Noting with satisfaction the recent ratification of, accessions to and approval of the Agreement on Port State Measures to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,[9]", "Welcoming the decision of the Committee on Fisheries at its twenty-ninth session that the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations should form an open-ended working group or similar mechanism to draft terms of reference for the ad hoc working group envisioned in article 21 of the Agreement on Port State Measures to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing,⁵", "Welcoming also the convening of the third Global Fisheries Enforcement Training Workshop, in Maputo from 28 February to 4 March 2011,", "Concerned that marine pollution from all sources constitutes a serious threat to human health and safety, endangers fish stocks, marine biodiversity and marine and coastal habitats and has significant costs to local and national economies,", "Recognizing that marine debris is a global transboundary pollution problem and that, due to the many different types and sources of marine debris, different approaches to their prevention and removal are necessary,", "Noting that the contribution of sustainable aquaculture to global fish supplies continues to respond to opportunities in developing countries to enhance local food security and poverty alleviation and, together with the efforts of other aquaculture-producing countries, will make a significant contribution to meeting future demands in fish consumption, bearing in mind article 9 of the Code,", "Reaffirming the importance of sustainable aquaculture to food security, and concerned about the potential effects of genetically engineered aquatic fish species on the health and sustainability of wild fish stocks,", "Welcoming the approval by the Committee on Fisheries at its twenty-ninth session of Technical Guidelines on Aquaculture Certification,[10]", "Noting the publication in 2011 by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations of Technical Guidelines on the Use of Wild Fish as Feed in Aquaculture,[11]", "Calling attention to the particular vulnerabilities of small island developing States, other developing coastal States and subsistence fishing communities whose livelihoods, economic development and food security are heavily dependent on sustainable fisheries and will suffer disproportionately if sustainable fisheries are negatively affected,", "Calling attention also to the circumstances affecting fisheries in many developing States, in particular African States and small island developing States, and recognizing the urgent need for capacity-building, including the transfer of marine technology and in particular fisheries-related technology, to enhance the ability of such States to exercise their rights in order to realize the benefits from fisheries resources and fulfil their obligations under international instruments,", "Recognizing the need for appropriate measures to minimize by-catch, waste, discards, including high-grading, loss of fishing gear and other factors which adversely affect the sustainability of fish stocks and, consequently, can also have harmful effects on the economies and food security of small island developing States, other developing coastal States, and subsistence fishing communities,", "Welcoming the endorsement by the Committee on Fisheries at its twenty-ninth session of the International Guidelines on By-catch Management and Reduction of Discards,[12]", "Recognizing the need to further integrate ecosystem approaches into fisheries conservation and management and, more generally, the importance of applying ecosystem approaches to the management of human activities in the ocean, and noting in this regard the Reykjavik Declaration on Responsible Fisheries in the Marine Ecosystem,[13] the work of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations related to guidelines for the implementation of the ecosystem approach to fisheries management and the importance of this approach to relevant provisions of the Agreement and the Code, as well as decision VII/11[14] and other relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity,", "Recognizing also the economic and cultural importance of sharks in many countries, the biological importance of sharks in the marine ecosystem as key predatory species, the vulnerability of certain shark species to overexploitation, the fact that some are threatened with extinction, the need for measures to promote the long-term conservation, management and sustainable use of shark populations and fisheries, and the relevance of the International Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks, adopted by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in 1999,⁷ in providing guidance on the development of such measures,", "Reaffirming its support for the initiative of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and relevant subregional and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements on the conservation and management of sharks, and noting with concern that basic data on shark stocks and harvests continue to be lacking, that only a small number of countries have implemented the International Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks, and that not all regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements have adopted conservation and management measures for directed shark fisheries and for the regulation of by-catch of sharks from other fisheries,", "Welcoming science-based measures taken by States to conserve and sustainably manage sharks, and noting in this respect management measures taken by coastal States, including limits on catch or fishing effort, technical measures, including by-catch reduction measures, sanctuaries, closed seasons and monitoring, control and surveillance,", "Recognizing the importance of marine species occupying low trophic levels in the ecosystem and for food security, and the need to ensure their long-term sustainability,", "Expressing concern over continued incidental mortality, in fishing operations, of seabirds, particularly albatrosses and petrels, as well as other marine species, including sharks, fin-fish species, marine mammals and marine turtles, while recognizing considerable efforts by States and through various regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements to reduce incidental mortality as a result of by-catch,", "I", "Achieving sustainable fisheries", "1. Reaffirms the importance it attaches to the long-term conservation, management and sustainable use of the living marine resources of the world’s oceans and seas and the obligations of States to cooperate to this end, in accordance with international law, as reflected in the relevant provisions of the Convention,¹ in particular the provisions on cooperation set out in Part V and Part VII, section 2, of the Convention, and where applicable, the Agreement;²", "2. Encourages States to give due priority to the implementation of the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (“Johannesburg Plan of Implementation”)[15] in relation to achieving sustainable fisheries, especially restoring depleted stocks to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield on an urgent basis and, where possible, not later than 2015;", "3. Emphasizes the importance of addressing the sustainable development of fisheries in the context of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, to be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20 to 22 June 2012, and recognizing the significant contribution of fisheries to the three pillars of sustainable development;", "4. Urges States, either directly or through appropriate subregional, regional or global organizations or arrangements, to intensify efforts to assess and address, as appropriate, the impacts of global climate change on the sustainability of fish stocks and the habitats that support them, in particular the most affected ones;", "5. Emphasizes the obligations of flag States to discharge their responsibilities, in accordance with the Convention and the Agreement, to ensure compliance by vessels flying their flag with the conservation and management measures adopted and in force with respect to fisheries resources on the high seas;", "6. Calls upon all States that have not done so, in order to achieve the goal of universal participation, to become parties to the Convention, which sets out the legal framework within which all activities in the oceans and seas must be carried out, taking into account the relationship between the Convention and the Agreement;", "7. Calls upon all States, directly or through regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, to apply widely, in accordance with international law and the Code,⁴ the precautionary approach and ecosystem approaches to the conservation, management and exploitation of fish stocks, and also calls upon States parties to the Agreement to implement fully the provisions of article 6 of the Agreement as a matter of priority;", "8. Encourages States to increase their reliance on scientific advice in developing, adopting and implementing conservation and management measures, and to increase their efforts, including through international cooperation, to promote science for conservation and management measures that apply, in accordance with international law, the precautionary approach and ecosystem approaches to fisheries management, enhancing understanding of ecosystem approaches, in order to ensure the long-term conservation and sustainable use of living marine resources, and in this regard encourages the implementation of the Strategy for Improving Information on Status and Trends of Capture Fisheries of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations[16] as a framework for the improvement and understanding of fishery status and trends;", "9. Calls upon all States, directly or through regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, to apply stock-specific precautionary reference points, as described in annex II to the Agreement and in the Code, to ensure that populations of harvested stocks and, where necessary, associated or dependent species, are maintained at or restored to sustainable levels, and to use these reference points for triggering conservation and management action;", "10. Encourages States to apply the precautionary approach and ecosystem approaches in adopting and implementing conservation and management measures addressing, inter alia, by-catch, pollution and overfishing, and protecting habitats of specific concern, taking into account existing guidelines developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations;", "11. Also encourages States to enhance or develop observer programmes, individually or through regional fisheries management organizations or arrangements, in order to improve data collection on, inter alia, target and by-catch species, which could also assist monitoring, control and surveillance tools, and to take into account standards, forms of cooperation and other existing structures for such programmes as described in article 25 of the Agreement and article 5 of the Code;", "12. Calls upon States and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements to collect and, where appropriate, report to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations required catch and effort data, and fishery-related information, in a complete, accurate and timely way, including for straddling fish stocks and highly migratory fish stocks within and beyond areas under national jurisdiction, discrete high seas fish stocks, and by-catch and discards; and, where they do not exist, to establish processes to strengthen data collection and reporting by members of regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, including through regular reviews of member compliance with such obligations, and, when such obligations are not met, require the member concerned to rectify the problem, including through the preparation of plans of action with timelines;", "13. Invites States and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements to cooperate with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in the implementation and further development of the Fisheries Resources Monitoring System initiative;", "14. Reaffirms paragraph 10 of resolution 61/105 of 8 December 2006, and calls upon States, including through regional fisheries management organizations or arrangements, to urgently adopt measures to fully implement the International Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks⁷ for directed and non‑directed shark fisheries, based on the best available scientific information, through, inter alia, limits on catch or fishing effort, by requiring that vessels flying their flag collect and regularly report data on shark catches, including species-specific data, discards and landings, undertaking, including through international cooperation, comprehensive stock assessments of sharks, reducing shark by-catch and by-catch mortality and, where scientific information is uncertain or inadequate, not increasing fishing effort in directed shark fisheries until measures have been established to ensure the long-term conservation, management and sustainable use of shark stocks and to prevent further declines of vulnerable or threatened shark stocks;", "15. Calls upon States to take immediate and concerted action to improve the implementation of and compliance with existing regional fisheries management organization or arrangement and national measures that regulate shark fisheries and incidental catch of sharks, in particular those measures which prohibit or restrict fisheries conducted solely for the purpose of harvesting shark fins and, where necessary, to consider taking other measures, as appropriate, such as requiring that all sharks be landed with each fin naturally attached;", "16. Calls upon regional fisheries management organizations with the competence to regulate highly migratory species to strengthen or establish precautionary, science-based conservation and management measures, as appropriate, for sharks taken in fisheries within their convention areas consistent with the International Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks;", "17. Welcomes the decision of the Committee on Fisheries of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations at its twenty-ninth session that the Organization should prepare a report on the extent of implementation of the International Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks,⁵ and requests the Organization also to report on the challenges being faced by its members States in implementing that instrument and paragraph 14 of the present resolution;", "18. Urges States to eliminate barriers to trade in fish and fisheries products which are not consistent with their rights and obligations under the World Trade Organization agreements, taking into account the importance of the trade in fish and fisheries products, particularly for developing countries;", "19. Urges States and relevant international and national organizations to provide for the participation of small-scale fishery stakeholders in related policy development and fisheries management strategies in order to achieve long-term sustainability for such fisheries, consistent with the duty to ensure the proper conservation and management of fisheries resources;", "20. Encourages States, either directly or through competent and appropriate subregional, regional or global organizations and arrangements, to analyse, as appropriate, the impact of fishing for marine species occupying low trophic levels;", "21. Invites the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to consider the potential effects of genetically engineered fish species on the health and sustainability of wild fish stocks and to provide guidance, consistent with the Code, on minimizing harmful impacts in this regard;", "II", "Implementation of the 1995 Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks", "22. Calls upon all States, and entities referred to in the Convention and in article 1, paragraph 2 (b), of the Agreement, that have not done so to ratify or accede to the Agreement and in the interim to consider applying it provisionally;", "23. Calls upon States parties to the Agreement to effectively implement, as a matter of priority, the provisions of the Agreement through their domestic legislation and through regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements in which they participate;", "24. Emphasizes the importance of those provisions of the Agreement relating to bilateral, subregional and regional cooperation in enforcement, and urges continued efforts in this regard;", "25. Urges States parties to the Agreement, in accordance with article 21, paragraph 4, thereof to inform, either directly or through the relevant subregional or regional fisheries management organization or arrangement, all States whose vessels fish on the high seas in the same subregion or region of the form of identification issued by those States parties to officials duly authorized to carry out boarding and inspection functions in accordance with articles 21 and 22 of the Agreement;", "26. Also urges States parties to the Agreement, in accordance with article 21, paragraph 4, thereof, to designate an appropriate authority to receive notifications pursuant to article 21 and to give due publicity to such designation through the relevant subregional or regional fisheries management organization or arrangement;", "27. Invites regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements which have not yet done so to adopt procedures for high seas boarding and inspection that are consistent with articles 21 and 22 of the Agreement;", "28. Calls upon States, individually and, as appropriate, through subregional and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements with competence over discrete high seas fish stocks, to adopt the necessary measures to ensure the long-term conservation, management and sustainable use of such stocks in accordance with the Convention and consistent with the Code and the general principles set forth in the Agreement;", "29. Invites States to assist developing States in enhancing their participation in regional fisheries management organizations or arrangements, including by facilitating access to fisheries for straddling fish stocks and highly migratory fish stocks, in accordance with article 25, paragraph 1 (b), of the Agreement, taking into account the need to ensure that such access benefits the developing States concerned and their nationals;", "30. Invites States and international financial institutions and organizations of the United Nations system to provide assistance according to Part VII of the Agreement, including, if appropriate, the development of special financial mechanisms or instruments to assist developing States, in particular the least developed among them and small island developing States, to enable them to develop their national capacity to exploit fishery resources, including developing their domestically flagged fishing fleet, value-added processing and the expansion of their economic base in the fishing industry, consistent with the duty to ensure the proper conservation and management of fisheries resources;", "31. Notes with appreciation the contributions made by States to the Assistance Fund established under Part VII of the Agreement, and encourages States, intergovernmental organizations, international financial institutions, national institutions and non-governmental organizations, as well as natural and juridical persons, to make further voluntary financial contributions to the Fund;", "32. Notes with satisfaction that the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea of the Office of Legal Affairs of the Secretariat (“the Division”) have taken measures to publicize the availability of assistance through the Assistance Fund, and encourages the Organization and the Division to continue their efforts in this regard;", "33. Encourages accelerated progress by States, individually and, as appropriate, through subregional and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, regarding the recommendations of the Review Conference on the Agreement, held in New York from 22 to 26 May 2006,[17] and the identification of emerging priorities;", "34. Encourages States, individually and, as appropriate, through subregional and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, to consider implementing, as appropriate, the recommendations of the resumed Review Conference, held in New York from 24 to 28 May 2010;[18]", "35. Reaffirms its request that the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations initiate arrangements with States for the collection and dissemination of data on fishing in the high seas by vessels flying their flag at the subregional and regional levels where no such arrangements exist;", "36. Also reaffirms its request that the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations revise its global fisheries statistics database to provide information on straddling fish stocks, highly migratory fish stocks and discrete high seas fish stocks on the basis of where the catch is taken;", "III", "Related fisheries instruments", "37. Emphasizes the importance of the effective implementation of the provisions of the Compliance Agreement,⁸ and urges continued efforts in this regard;", "38. Calls upon all States and other entities referred to in article X, paragraph 1, of the Compliance Agreement that have not yet become parties to that Agreement to do so as a matter of priority and, in the interim, to consider applying it provisionally;", "39. Urges States and subregional and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements to implement and promote the application of the Code within their areas of competence;", "40. Urges States to develop and implement, as a matter of priority, national and, as appropriate, regional plans of action to put into effect the international plans of action of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations;", "41. Encourages the development of best practice guidelines for safety at sea in connection with marine fisheries by the competent international organizations;", "42. Also encourages widespread participation at the diplomatic conference convened by the International Maritime Organization in South Africa in 2012 for the purpose of adopting an agreement on the implementation of the Torremolinos Protocol of 1993 relating to the Torremolinos International Convention for the Safety of Fishing Vessels, 1977;", "IV", "Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing", "43. Emphasizes once again its serious concern that illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing remains one of the greatest threats to marine ecosystems and continues to have serious and major implications for the conservation and management of ocean resources, as well as the food security and the economies of many States, particularly developing States, and renews its call upon States to comply fully with all existing obligations and to combat such fishing and urgently to take all necessary steps to implement the International Plan of Action to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing;⁷", "44. Urges States to exercise effective control over their nationals, including beneficial owners, and vessels flying their flag, in order to prevent and deter them from engaging in illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing activities or supporting vessels engaging in illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing activities, including those vessels listed by regional fisheries management organizations or arrangements as engaged in those activities, and to facilitate mutual assistance to ensure that such actions can be investigated and proper sanctions imposed;", "45. Also urges States to take effective measures, at the national, subregional, regional and global levels, to deter the activities, including illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, of any vessel which undermines conservation and management measures that have been adopted by subregional and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements in accordance with international law;", "46. Calls upon States not to permit vessels flying their flag to engage in fishing on the high seas or in areas under the national jurisdiction of other States, unless duly authorized by the authorities of the States concerned and in accordance with the conditions set out in the authorization, and to take specific measures, including deterring the reflagging of vessels by their nationals, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Convention, the Agreement and the Compliance Agreement, to control fishing operations by vessels flying their flag;", "47. Urges States, individually and collectively through regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, to develop appropriate processes to assess the performance of States with respect to implementing the obligations regarding fishing vessels flying their flag set out in relevant international instruments;", "48. Encourages States within the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to continue the work of the Technical Consultation on Flag State Performance with regard to the draft criteria for flag State performance, assessing flag State performance and possible actions in accordance with international law to encourage compliance, and assistance to developing countries to improve their performance as flag States;", "49. Reaffirms the need to strengthen, where necessary, the international legal framework for intergovernmental cooperation, in particular at the subregional and regional levels, in the management of fish stocks and in combating illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, in a manner consistent with international law, and for States and entities referred to in the Convention and in article 1, paragraph 2 (b), of the Agreement to collaborate in efforts to address these types of fishing activities;", "50. Urges regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements to further coordinate measures for combating illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing activities, such as through the development of a common list of vessels identified as engaged in illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing or the mutual recognition of the illegal, unreported and unregulated vessel lists established by each organization or arrangement;", "51. Reaffirms its call upon States to take all necessary measures consistent with international law, without prejudice to a State’s sovereignty over ports in its territory and to reasons of force majeure or distress, including the prohibition of vessels from accessing their ports followed by a report to the flag State concerned, when there is clear evidence that they are or have been engaged in or have supported illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, or when they refuse to give information either on the origin of the catch or on the authorization under which the catch has been made;", "52. Reaffirms paragraph 48 of resolution 65/38 with regard to eliminating illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing by vessels flying “flags of convenience” and requiring that a “genuine link” be established between States and fishing vessels flying their flags, and urges States operating open registry to effectively control all fishing vessels flying their flag, as required by international law, or otherwise stop open registry for fishing vessels;", "53. Recognizes the need for enhanced port State measures to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, and urges States to cooperate, in particular at the regional level and through subregional and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, to adopt all necessary port measures, consistent with international law taking into account article 23 of the Agreement, and to further promote the development and application of standards at the regional level;", "54. Encourages, in this regard, States and regional economic integration organizations that have not yet done so to consider ratifying, accepting, approving or acceding to the Agreement on Port State Measures to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing⁹ with a view to its early entry into force;", "55. Encourages strengthened collaboration between the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the International Maritime Organization, taking into account the respective competencies, mandates and experience of the two organizations, to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, particularly in improving the implementation of flag State responsibilities and port State measures;", "56. Encourages States, with respect to vessels flying their flag, and port States, to make every effort to share data on landings and catch quotas, and in this regard encourages regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements to consider developing open databases containing such data for the purpose of enhancing the effectiveness of fisheries management;", "57. Calls upon States to take all necessary measures to ensure that vessels flying their flag do not engage in trans-shipment of fish caught by fishing vessels engaged in illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, through adequate regulation, monitoring and control of trans-shipment of fish at sea, including through additional national measures applicable to vessels flying their flag to prevent such trans-shipment;", "58. Urges States, individually and through regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, to adopt and implement internationally agreed market-related measures in accordance with international law, including principles, rights and obligations established in World Trade Organization agreements, as called for in the International Plan of Action to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing;", "59. Encourages information-sharing regarding emerging market- and trade-related measures by States and other relevant actors with appropriate international forums, given the potential implications of these measures for all States, consistent with the established plan of work of the Committee on Fisheries, and taking into account the Technical Guidelines for Responsible Fish Trade of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations;¹¹", "60. Notes the concerns about possible connections between international organized crime and illegal fishing in certain regions of the world, and encourages States, including through the appropriate international forums and organizations, to study the causes and methods of and contributing factors to illegal fishing to increase knowledge and understanding of those possible connections, and to make the findings publicly available, and in this regard takes note of the study issued by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime on transnational organized crime in the fishing industry, bearing in mind the distinct legal regimes and remedies under international law applicable to illegal fishing and international organized crime;", "V", "Monitoring, control and surveillance and compliance and enforcement", "61. Calls upon States, in accordance with international law, to strengthen implementation of or, where they do not exist, adopt comprehensive monitoring, control and surveillance measures and compliance and enforcement schemes individually and within those regional fisheries management organizations or arrangements in which they participate, in order to provide an appropriate framework for promoting compliance with agreed conservation and management measures, and further urges enhanced coordination among all relevant States and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements in these efforts;", "62. Encourages further work by competent international organizations, including the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and subregional and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, to develop guidelines on flag State control of fishing vessels;", "63. Urges States, individually and through relevant regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, to establish mandatory vessel monitoring, control and surveillance systems, in particular to require that vessel monitoring systems be carried by all vessels fishing on the high seas as soon as practicable, recalling that paragraph 62 of resolution 63/112 of 5 December 2008 urged that large-scale fishing vessels be required to carry vessel monitoring systems no later than December 2008, and to share information on fisheries enforcement matters;", "64. Calls upon States, individually and through regional fisheries management organizations or arrangements, to strengthen or establish, consistent with national and international law, positive or negative lists of vessels fishing within the areas covered by relevant regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements in order to promote compliance with conservation and management measures and to identify products from illegal, unreported and unregulated catches, and encourages improved coordination among all States and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements in sharing and using this information, taking into account the forms of cooperation with developing States as set out in article 25 of the Agreement;", "65. Encourages the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, in cooperation with States, regional economic integration organizations, the International Maritime Organization and, as appropriate, regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, to expedite efforts to develop and manage a comprehensive global record, including with a unique vessel identifier system;", "66. Requests States and relevant international bodies to develop, in accordance with international law, more effective measures to trace fish and fishery products to enable importing States to identify fish or fishery products caught in a manner that undermines international conservation and management measures agreed in accordance with international law, taking into account the special requirements of developing States and the forms of cooperation with developing States as set out in article 25 of the Agreement, and at the same time to recognize the importance of market access, in accordance with provisions 11.2.4, 11.2.5 and 11.2.6 of the Code, for fish and fishery products caught in a manner that is in conformity with such international measures;", "67. Requests States to take the necessary measures, consistent with international law, to help to prevent fish and fishery products caught in a manner that undermines applicable conservation and management measures adopted in accordance with international law from entering international trade;", "68. Invites the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to report on the state of progress in the development of best practice guidelines for catch documentation schemes and traceability, for inclusion in the report of the Secretary-General on fisheries to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "69. Encourages States to establish and undertake cooperative surveillance and enforcement activities in accordance with international law to strengthen and enhance efforts to ensure compliance with conservation and management measures, and prevent and deter illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing;", "70. Urges States, directly and through regional fisheries management organizations or arrangements, to develop and adopt effective monitoring, control and surveillance measures for trans-shipment, as appropriate, in particular at-sea trans-shipment, in order to, inter alia, monitor compliance, collect and verify fisheries data, and to prevent and suppress illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing activities, in accordance with international law and, in parallel, to encourage and support the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in studying the current practices of trans-shipment and produce a set of guidelines for this purpose;", "71. Expresses its appreciation for financial contributions from States to improve the capacity of the existing voluntary International Monitoring, Control and Surveillance Network for Fisheries-Related Activities, and encourages States to join and actively participate in the Network and to consider supporting, when appropriate, its transformation in accordance with international law into an international unit with dedicated resources to further assist Network members, taking into account the forms of cooperation with developing States as set out in article 25 of the Agreement;", "VI", "Fishing overcapacity", "72. Calls upon States to commit themselves to urgently reducing the capacity of the world’s fishing fleets to levels commensurate with the sustainability of fish stocks, through the establishment of target levels and plans or other appropriate mechanisms for ongoing capacity assessment, while avoiding the transfer of fishing capacity to other fisheries or areas in a manner that undermines the sustainable management of fish stocks, including those areas where fish stocks are overexploited or in a depleted condition, and recognizing in this context the legitimate rights of developing States to develop their fisheries for straddling fish stocks and highly migratory fish stocks consistent with article 25 of the Agreement, article 5 of the Code, and paragraph 10 of the International Plan of Action for the Management of Fishing Capacity of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations;⁷", "73. Reiterates its call upon States, individually and through regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, to ensure that the urgent actions required in the International Plan of Action for the Management of Fishing Capacity are undertaken expeditiously and that its implementation is facilitated without delay;", "74. Invites the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to report on the state of progress in the implementation of the International Plan of Action for the Management of Fishing Capacity, as provided for in paragraph 48 of the Plan of Action;", "75. Calls upon States individually and, as appropriate, through subregional and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements with competence to regulate highly migratory species, urgently to address global fishing capacity for tunas, inter alia, in a way that recognizes the legitimate rights of developing States, in particular small island developing States, to participate in and benefit from such fisheries, taking into account the recommendations of the Joint Tuna Regional Fisheries Management Organizations International Workshop on RFMO Management of Tuna Fisheries, held in Brisbane, Australia, from 29 June to 1 July 2010 and the recommendations of the third joint meeting of tuna regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, in July 2011;", "76. Encourages those States which are cooperating to establish subregional and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, taking into account the best scientific information available as well as the precautionary approach, to exercise voluntary restraint of fishing effort levels in those areas that will come under the regulation of the future organizations and arrangements until adequate regional conservation and management measures are adopted and implemented, taking into account the need to ensure the long-term conservation, management and sustainable use of the relevant fish stocks and to prevent significant adverse impacts on vulnerable marine ecosystems;", "77. Urges States to eliminate subsidies that contribute to overfishing and overcapacity and to illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, including by accelerating work to complete World Trade Organization negotiations on fisheries subsidies in accordance with the 2001 Doha Ministerial Declaration[19] to clarify and improve and the 2005 Hong Kong Ministerial Declaration[20] to strengthen disciplines on fisheries subsidies, taking into account the importance of the fisheries sector to developing countries;", "VII", "Large-scale pelagic drift-net fishing", "78. Expresses concern that, despite the adoption of General Assembly resolution 46/215 of 20 December 1991, the practice of large-scale pelagic drift-net fishing still exists and remains a threat to living marine resources;", "79. Urges States, individually and through regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, to adopt effective measures, or strengthen existing measures, to implement and enforce the provisions of resolution 46/215 and subsequent resolutions on large-scale pelagic drift-net fishing in order to eliminate the use of large-scale pelagic drift nets in all seas and oceans, which means that efforts to implement resolution 46/215 should not result in the transfer to other parts of the world of drift nets that contravene the resolution;", "80. Also urges States, individually and through regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, to adopt effective measures, or strengthen existing measures, to implement and enforce the present global moratorium on the use of large-scale pelagic drift nets on the high seas, and calls upon States to ensure that vessels flying their flag that are duly authorized to use large-scale drift nets in waters under their national jurisdiction do not use such gear for fishing while on the high seas;", "81. Reaffirms the request in paragraph 6 of resolution 46/215 for the submission of information to the Secretary-General, and requests the Secretary-General to include this information in his report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "VIII", "Fisheries by-catch and discards", "82. Urges States, subregional and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements and other relevant international organizations that have not done so to take action, including with consideration of the interests of developing coastal States and, as appropriate, subsistence fishing communities, to reduce or eliminate by-catch, catch by lost or abandoned gear, fish discards and post-harvest losses, including juvenile fish, consistent with international law and relevant international instruments, including the Code, and in particular to consider measures including, as appropriate, technical measures related to fish size, mesh size or gear, discards, closed seasons and areas and zones reserved for selected fisheries, particularly artisanal fisheries, the establishment of mechanisms for communicating information on areas of high concentration of juvenile fish, taking into account the importance of ensuring the confidentiality of such information, and support for studies and research that will reduce or eliminate by-catch of juvenile fish, and to ensure that these measures are implemented so as to optimize their effectiveness;", "83. Calls upon States, either individually, collectively or through regional management organizations and arrangements, to further study, develop and adopt effective management measures, taking into account the best available scientific information on fishing methods, including fish aggregating devices, to minimize by‑catch;", "84. Urgently calls upon States, subregional and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements and, where appropriate, other relevant international organizations to develop and implement effective management measures to reduce the incidence of catch of non-target species, including the utilization of selective fishing gear, where appropriate;", "85. Calls upon States, subregional and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements to adopt or improve measures to assess the impact of their fisheries on species caught as by-catch and to improve the comprehensiveness and accuracy of information and reporting on incidental catch of species caught as by-catch, including through adequate observer coverage and the use of modern technologies, and to provide assistance to developing States to meet data collection and reporting obligations;", "86. Requests States and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, as appropriate, to strengthen or establish data-collection programmes to obtain reliable estimates of shark, marine turtle, fin-fish, marine mammal and sea bird by-catch, and to promote further research on selective fishing gear and practices and on the use of appropriate by-catch mitigation measures;", "87. Encourages States and entities referred to in the Convention and in article 1, paragraph 2 (b), of the Agreement to give due consideration to participation, as appropriate, in subregional and regional instruments and organizations with mandates to conserve non-target species taken incidentally in fishing operations;", "88. Encourages States to strengthen, if necessary, the capacity of those subregional and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements in which they participate to ensure the adequate conservation of non-target species taken incidentally in fishing operations, taking into consideration best practices for non-target species management, and to expedite their ongoing efforts in this regard;", "89. Requests States and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements urgently to implement, as appropriate, the measures recommended in the 2004 Guidelines to Reduce Sea Turtle Mortality in Fishing Operations[21] and the International Plan of Action for Reducing Incidental Catch of Seabirds in Longline Fisheries of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations⁷ in order to prevent the decline of sea turtles and seabird populations by minimizing by-catch and increasing post-release survival in their fisheries, including through research and development of gear and bait alternatives, promoting the use of available by‑catch mitigation technology, and establishing and strengthening data-collection programmes to obtain standardized information to develop reliable estimates of the by-catch of these species;", "90. Also requests States and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements to take urgent action to reduce the by-catch of seabirds, including albatrosses and petrels, in fisheries by adopting and implementing conservation measures consistent with the 2009 best practices technical guidelines of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to support implementation of the International Plan of Action for Reducing Incidental Catch of Seabirds in Longline Fisheries¹¹ and taking into account the work of the Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels[22] and of organizations such as the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources;", "IX", "Subregional and regional cooperation", "91. Urges coastal States and States fishing on the high seas, in accordance with the Convention, the Agreement and other relevant instruments, to pursue cooperation in relation to straddling fish stocks and highly migratory fish stocks, either directly or through appropriate subregional or regional fisheries management organizations or arrangements, to ensure the effective conservation and management of such stocks;", "92. Urges States fishing for straddling fish stocks and highly migratory fish stocks on the high seas, and relevant coastal States, where a subregional or regional fisheries management organization or arrangement has the competence to establish conservation and management measures for such stocks, to give effect to their duty to cooperate by becoming members of such an organization or participants in such an arrangement, or by agreeing to apply the conservation and management measures established by such an organization or arrangement, or to otherwise ensure that no vessel flying their flag is authorized to access the fisheries resources to which regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements or conservation and management measures established by such organizations or arrangements apply;", "93. Invites, in this regard, subregional and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements to ensure that all States having a real interest in the fisheries concerned may become members of such organizations or participants in such arrangements, in accordance with the Convention, the Agreement and the Code;", "94. Encourages relevant coastal States and States fishing on the high seas for a straddling fish stock or a highly migratory fish stock, where there is no subregional or regional fisheries management organization or arrangement to establish conservation and management measures for such stocks, to cooperate to establish such an organization or enter into another appropriate arrangement to ensure the conservation and management of such stocks, and to participate in the work of the organization or arrangement;", "95. Urges all signatory States and other States whose vessels fish within the area of the Convention on the Conservation and Management of Fishery Resources in the South-East Atlantic Ocean[23] for fishery resources covered by that Convention to become parties to that Convention as a matter of priority and, in the interim, to ensure that vessels flying their flags fully comply with the measures adopted;", "96. Welcomes the recent ratification of the South Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement and encourages signatory States and States having a real interest to become parties to it, and urges those States to agree on and implement interim measures, including measures in accordance with paragraphs 80 and 83 to 87 of resolution 61/105 and paragraphs 117, 119, 120, 122 and 123 of resolution 64/72 of 4 December 2009, to ensure the conservation and management of the fisheries resources and their marine ecosystems and habitats in the area to which that Agreement applies until such time as that Agreement enters into force;", "97. Takes note of recent efforts at the regional level to promote responsible fishing practices, including combating illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing;", "98. Welcomes the recent ratifications of and accession to the Convention on the Conservation and Management of High Seas Fishery Resources in the South Pacific Ocean, and encourages further ratifications, accessions, acceptances and approvals of that Convention with a view to its early entry into force;", "99. Encourages States, regional economic integration organizations and the entities referred to in article 1, paragraph 2 (b), of the Convention on the Conservation and Management of High Seas Fishery Resources in the South Pacific Ocean that participated in the negotiation of that Convention to fully implement the voluntary interim measures that have been adopted to give effect to paragraphs 80 and 83 to 87 of resolution 61/105 until that Convention has entered into force and conservation and management measures have been adopted;", "100. Also encourages States, regional economic integration organizations and the entities referred to in article 1, paragraph 2 (b), of the Convention on the Conservation and Management of High Seas Fishery Resources in the South Pacific Ocean that participated in the negotiation of that Convention to fully implement the voluntary interim measures that have been adopted and to voluntarily restrain fishing effort and catches to avoid overexploitation of certain pelagic fisheries resources in the area to which that Convention will apply until it has entered into force and conservation and management measures have been adopted, and to take into account the scientific advice given by the Science Working Group in the adoption of future interim measures that should apply to certain pelagic fisheries resources before the entry into force of that Convention, and further calls for full and accurate reporting of catches in accordance with the interim measures;", "101. Notes with satisfaction the conclusion of negotiations to establish a regional fisheries management organization in the North Pacific, and encourages participating States to implement fully interim voluntary measures adopted in accordance with paragraphs 80 and 83 to 87 of resolution 61/105 and paragraphs 117, 119, 120, 122 and 123 of resolution 64/72;", "102. Takes note of the ongoing efforts of the members of the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission to strengthen the functioning of the Commission so that it can more effectively discharge its mandate, and invites the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to provide members of the Commission with the necessary assistance to this end;", "103. Encourages signatory States and States having a real interest to become parties to the Convention for the Strengthening of the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission Established by the 1949 Convention between the United States of America and the Republic of Costa Rica;", "104. Welcomes the recent approval of the 2007 Amendment to the Convention on Future Multilateral Cooperation in the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries[24] by some Contracting Parties to that Convention, and encourages the Contracting Parties that have not yet done so to approve the Amendment with a view to its early entry into effect;", "105. Urges further efforts by regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, as a matter of priority, in accordance with international law, to strengthen and modernize their mandates and the measures adopted by such organizations or arrangements, and to implement modern approaches to fisheries management, as reflected in the Agreement and other relevant international instruments, relying on the best scientific information available and application of the precautionary approach and incorporating an ecosystem approach to fisheries management and biodiversity considerations, including the conservation and management of ecologically related and dependent species and protection of their habitats, where these aspects are lacking, to ensure that they effectively contribute to long-term conservation and management and sustainable use of living marine resources, and welcomes those regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements that have taken steps in this direction;", "106. Calls upon regional fisheries management organizations with the competence to conserve and manage highly migratory fish stocks that have not yet adopted effective conservation and management measures in line with the best scientific information available to conserve and manage stocks falling under their mandate to do so urgently;", "107. Urges States to strengthen and enhance cooperation among existing and developing regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements in which they participate, including increased communication and further coordination of measures, such as through the holding of joint consultations, and to strengthen integration, coordination and cooperation by such regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements with other relevant fisheries organizations, regional seas arrangements and other relevant international organizations;", "108. Urges the five regional fisheries management organizations with competence to manage highly migratory species to continue to take measures to implement the Course of Actions adopted at the second joint meeting of tuna regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements and to consider the recommendations of the third joint meeting of tuna regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements;", "109. Invites States and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements with competence to manage straddling fish stocks to share experiences and good practices, for example by considering organizing joint meetings, where appropriate;", "110. Urges regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements to improve transparency and to ensure that their decision-making processes are fair and transparent, rely on the best scientific information available, incorporate the precautionary approach and ecosystem approaches, address participatory rights, including through, inter alia, the development of transparent criteria for allocating fishing opportunities which reflects, where appropriate, the relevant provisions of the Agreement, taking due account, inter alia, of the status of the relevant stocks and the respective interests in the fishery;", "111. Welcomes the 2010 performance review of the South East Atlantic Fisheries Organization and the 2011 performance review of the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization, and the fact that a number of regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements have completed performance reviews, and encourages the implementation, as appropriate, of the recommendations of their respective reviews as a matter of priority;", "112. Urges States, through their participation in regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements that have not done so, to undertake, on an urgent basis, performance reviews of those regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, initiated either by the organization or arrangement itself or with external partners, including in cooperation with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, using transparent criteria based on the provisions of the Agreement and other relevant instruments, and taking into account the best practices of regional fisheries management organizations or arrangements and, as appropriate, any set of criteria developed by States or other regional fisheries management organizations or arrangements, and encourages that such performance reviews include some element of independent evaluation and propose means for improving the functioning of the regional fisheries management organization or arrangement, as appropriate;", "113. Encourages regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements to make the results of those performance reviews publicly available and to discuss the results jointly, and furthermore to consider undertaking performance reviews on a regular basis;", "114. Urges States to cooperate, taking into account those performance reviews, to develop best practice guidelines for regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements and to apply, to the extent possible, those guidelines to organizations and arrangements in which they participate;", "115. Encourages the development of regional guidelines for States to use in establishing sanctions for non-compliance by vessels flying their flag and by their nationals, to be applied in accordance with national law, that are adequate in severity for effectively securing compliance, deterring further violations and depriving offenders of the benefits deriving from their illegal activities, as well as in evaluating their systems of sanctions to ensure that they are effective in securing compliance and deterring violations;", "X", "Responsible fisheries in the marine ecosystem", "116. Urges States, individually or through regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, to enhance their efforts to apply an ecosystem approach to fisheries, taking into account paragraph 30 (d) of the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation;¹⁵", "117. Encourages States, individually or through regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements and other relevant international organizations, to work to ensure that fisheries and other ecosystem data collection is performed in a coordinated and integrated manner, facilitating incorporation into global observation initiatives, where appropriate;", "118. Calls upon States and regional fisheries management organizations or arrangements, working in cooperation with other relevant organizations, including the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission and the World Meteorological Organization, to adopt, as appropriate, measures to protect ocean data buoy systems moored in areas beyond national jurisdiction from actions that impair their operation;", "119. Encourages States to increase scientific research on the marine ecosystem in accordance with international law;", "120. Calls upon States, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and other specialized agencies, subregional and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, where appropriate, and other appropriate intergovernmental bodies, to cooperate in achieving sustainable aquaculture, including through information exchange, developing equivalent standards on such issues as aquatic animal health and human health and safety concerns, assessing the potential positive and negative impacts of aquaculture, including socioeconomics, on the marine and coastal environment, including biodiversity, and adopting relevant methods and techniques to minimize and mitigate adverse effects, and in this regard encourages the implementation of the 2007 Strategy and Outline Plan for Improving Information on Status and Trends of Aquaculture of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,[25] as a framework for the improvement and understanding of aquaculture status and trends;", "121. Calls upon States to take action immediately, individually and through regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, and consistent with the precautionary approach and ecosystem approaches, to continue implementing the 2008 International Guidelines for the Management of Deep-Sea Fisheries in the High Seas of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (“the Guidelines”)[26] in order to sustainably manage fish stocks and protect vulnerable marine ecosystems, including seamounts, hydrothermal vents and cold water corals, from destructive fishing practices, recognizing the immense importance and value of deep‑sea ecosystems and the biodiversity they contain;", "122. Reaffirms the importance of paragraphs 80 to 90 of resolution 61/105 and paragraphs 113 to 127 of resolution 64/72 addressing the impacts of bottom fishing on vulnerable marine ecosystems and the long-term sustainability of deep‑sea fish stocks and the actions called for in those resolutions, and emphasizes the need for full implementation by all States and relevant regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements of their commitments under those paragraphs on an urgent basis;", "123. Recalls that nothing in the paragraphs of resolutions 61/105 and 64/72 and the present resolution addressing the impacts of bottom fishing on vulnerable marine ecosystems prejudices the sovereign rights of coastal States over their continental shelf or the exercise of the jurisdiction of coastal States with respect to their continental shelf under international law as reflected in the Convention, in particular article 77 thereof;", "124. Notes in this regard the adoption by coastal States of conservation measures regarding their continental shelf to address the impacts of bottom fishing on vulnerable marine ecosystems, as well as their efforts to ensure compliance with those measures;", "125. Welcomes the important progress made by States, regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements and those States participating in negotiations in establishing a regional fisheries management organization or arrangement competent to regulate bottom fisheries to implement paragraphs 80 and 83 to 87 of resolution 61/105 and paragraphs 113, 117 and 119 to 124 of resolution 64/72 and address the impacts of bottom fishing on vulnerable marine ecosystems;", "126. Also welcomes the substantial ongoing work of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations related to the management of deep‑sea fisheries in the high seas and the protection of vulnerable marine ecosystems, and urges States and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements to ensure that their actions in sustainably managing deep‑sea fisheries and implementing paragraphs 80 and 83 to 87 of resolution 61/105 and paragraphs 119, 120 and 122 to 124 of resolution 64/72 are consistent with the Guidelines;", "127. Takes note of the report of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations workshop on the implementation of the Guidelines, held in Busan, Republic of Korea, from 10 to 12 May 2010;[27]", "128. Welcomes the convening by the Secretary-General, pursuant to paragraph 128 of resolution 64/72, of the workshop to discuss implementation of paragraphs 80 and 83 to 87 of resolution 61/105 and paragraphs 117 and 119 to 127 of resolution 64/72, addressing the impacts of bottom fishing on vulnerable marine ecosystems and the long-term sustainability of deep‑sea fish stocks, held in New York on 15 and 16 September 2011;", "129. Considers, on the basis of the review carried out in accordance with paragraph 129 of resolution 64/72, that despite the progress made, the urgent actions called for in the relevant paragraphs of resolutions 61/105 and 64/72 have not been fully implemented in all cases, and in this regard further actions in accordance with the precautionary approach, ecosystem approaches and international law and consistent with the Guidelines are needed to strengthen the continued implementation, and in this regard calls upon States, through regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements with the competence to regulate bottom fisheries, States participating in negotiations to establish such organizations or arrangements and flag States to take the following urgent actions regarding bottom fishing in areas beyond national jurisdiction:", "(a) To strengthen procedures for carrying out assessments to take into account individual, collective and cumulative impacts, and for making the assessments publicly available, recognizing that doing so can support transparency and capacity-building globally;", "(b) To establish and improve procedures to ensure that assessments are updated when new conditions or information so require;", "(c) To establish and improve procedures for evaluating, reviewing and revising, on a regular basis, assessments based on best available science and management measures;", "(d) To establish mechanisms to promote and enhance compliance with applicable measures related to the protection of vulnerable marine ecosystems, adopted in accordance with international law;", "130. Notes that not all impact assessments have been made publicly available, and calls upon States, consistent with domestic law, and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements to publish all assessments without delay;", "131. Recognizes that different types of marine scientific research, including seabed mapping carried out in different parts of the oceans, have resulted in identification of areas where vulnerable marine ecosystems occur and in the adoption of conservation and management measures to prevent significant adverse impacts on such ecosystems, including the closure of areas to bottom fishing in accordance with paragraph 119 (b) of resolution 64/72;", "132. Encourages, in this regard, regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements with the competence to manage bottom fisheries, States participating in negotiations to establish such organizations or arrangements and flag States to consider the results available from marine scientific research, including those obtained from seabed mapping programmes concerning the identification of areas containing vulnerable marine ecosystems, and to adopt conservation and management measures to prevent significant adverse impacts from bottom fishing on such ecosystems, consistent with the Guidelines, or to close such areas to bottom fishing until such conservation and management measures are adopted, as well as to continue to undertake further marine scientific research, for the above-mentioned purposes, in accordance with international law as reflected in Part XIII of the Convention;", "133. Encourages States, regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements and States participating in negotiations to establish such organizations or arrangements to undertake further research on deep‑sea species and ecosystems and assessments of fishing activities on target and non-target species, consistent with the Guidelines and in accordance with the Convention, including Part XIII of the Convention;", "134. Recognizes in particular the special circumstances and requirements of developing States and the specific challenges they may face in giving full effect to certain technical aspects of the Guidelines, and that implementation by such States of paragraphs 83 to 87 of resolution 61/105, paragraph 119 of resolution 64/72, paragraph 129 of the present resolution and the Guidelines should proceed in a manner that gives full consideration to section 6 of the Guidelines on special requirements of developing countries;", "135. Invites the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, in facilitating implementation by States and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements of the Guidelines, to consider undertaking the following work as part of its ongoing programme for deep‑sea fisheries:", "(a) To compile, clarify the use of and make available technical guidance on encounter protocols and related mitigation measures, including encounter thresholds and move-on distances;", "(b) To develop guidance on the application of criteria for identifying vulnerable marine ecosystems contained in the Guidelines;", "(c) To develop guidance for conducting assessments, including addressing risk assessment on individual, collective and cumulative impacts, and to promote better standardization of such assessments;", "(d) To support and facilitate work on deep‑sea high seas stock assessments to ensure that such fisheries are sustainable;", "(e) To continue its work in creating a global database on information on vulnerable marine ecosystems;", "136. Also invites the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to consider convening a meeting of scientists from regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements with the competence to manage bottom fishing and States to examine impact assessments, in order to propose best practices, as well as standards for implementation of such assessments, including addressing risk assessment;", "137. Decides to conduct a further review in 2015 of the actions taken by States and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements in response to paragraphs 117 and 119 to 127 of resolution 64/72 and paragraphs 121, 126 and 129 to 136 of the present resolution, with a view to ensuring effective implementation of the measures therein and to make further recommendations, where necessary;", "138. Encourages accelerated progress to establish criteria on the objectives and management of marine protected areas for fisheries purposes, and in this regard welcomes the proposed work of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to develop technical guidelines in accordance with the Convention and the Code on the design, implementation and testing of marine protected areas for such purposes, and urges coordination and cooperation among all relevant international organizations and bodies;", "139. Notes in this regard the adoption at the tenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, held in Nagoya, Japan, from 18 to 29 October 2010, of a new Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020;[28]", "140. Urges all States to implement the 1995 Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities[29] and to accelerate activity to safeguard the marine ecosystem, including fish stocks, against pollution and physical degradation;", "141. Acknowledges the serious environmental impacts on the marine environment caused by abandoned, lost or otherwise discarded fishing gear, and encourages States to take action to reduce such gear, noting the recommendations of the 2009 report by the United Nations Environment Programme and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations;[30]", "142. Reaffirms the importance it attaches to paragraphs 77 to 81 of resolution 60/31 of 29 November 2005 concerning the issue of lost, abandoned or discarded fishing gear and related marine debris and the adverse impacts such debris and derelict fishing gear have on, inter alia, fish stocks, habitats and other marine species, and urges accelerated progress by States and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements in implementing those paragraphs of the resolution;", "143. Encourages further studies, including by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, on the impacts of underwater noise on fish stocks and fishing catch rates, as well as associated socioeconomic effects;", "144. Calls upon States, including through regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, to play an active role in global efforts to conserve and sustainably use living marine resources, so as to contribute to marine biological diversity;", "145. Encourages States, either individually or through regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, as appropriate, to identify any spawning and nursery areas for fish stocks under their jurisdiction or competence and, where required, to adopt science-based measures to conserve such stocks during these critical life stages;", "XI", "Capacity-building", "146. Reiterates the crucial importance of cooperation by States directly or, as appropriate, through the relevant subregional and regional organizations, and by other international organizations, including the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations through its FishCode programme, including through financial and/or technical assistance, in accordance with the Agreement, the Compliance Agreement, the Code and its associated international plans of action,⁷ to increase the capacity of developing States to achieve the goals and implement the actions called for in the present resolution;", "147. Welcomes the work of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in developing guidance on the strategies and measures required for the creation of an enabling environment for small-scale fisheries, and encourages studies for creating possible alternative livelihoods for coastal communities;", "148. Encourages increased capacity-building and technical assistance by States, international financial institutions and relevant intergovernmental organizations and bodies for fishers, in particular small-scale fishers, in developing countries, and in particular small island developing States, consistent with environmental sustainability, in recognition of the fact that food security and livelihoods may depend on fisheries;", "149. Encourages the international community to enhance the opportunities for sustainable development in developing countries, in particular the least developed countries, small island developing States and coastal African States, by encouraging greater participation of those States in authorized fisheries activities being undertaken within areas under their national jurisdiction, in accordance with the Convention, by distant-water fishing nations in order to achieve better economic returns for developing countries from their fisheries resources within areas under their national jurisdiction and an enhanced role in regional fisheries management, as well as by enhancing the ability of developing countries to develop their own fisheries, as well as to participate in high seas fisheries, including access to such fisheries, in conformity with international law, in particular the Convention and the Agreement, and taking into account article 5 of the Code;", "150. Requests distant-water fishing nations, when negotiating access agreements and arrangements with developing coastal States, to do so on an equitable and sustainable basis and to take into account their legitimate expectation to fully benefit from the sustainable use of the natural resources of their exclusive economic zones, to ensure that vessels flying their flag comply with the laws and regulations of the developing coastal States adopted in accordance with international law and to give greater attention to fish processing and fish-processing facilities within the national jurisdiction of the developing coastal State to assist the realization of the benefits from the development of fisheries resources and also to the transfer of technology and assistance for monitoring, control and surveillance and compliance and enforcement within areas under the national jurisdiction of the developing coastal State providing fisheries access, taking into account the forms of cooperation set out in article 25 of the Agreement and article 5 of the Code;", "151. Encourages States, individually and through regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, to provide greater assistance and to promote coherence in such assistance for developing States in designing, establishing and implementing relevant agreements, instruments and tools for the conservation and sustainable management of fish stocks, including in designing and strengthening their domestic regulatory fisheries policies and those of regional fisheries management organizations or arrangements in their regions, and the enhancement of research and scientific capabilities through existing funds, such as the Assistance Fund under Part VII of the Agreement, bilateral assistance, regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements assistance funds, the FishCode programme, the World Bank’s global programme on fisheries and the Global Environment Facility;", "152. Encourages States to provide technical and financial support to developing countries to address their special requirements and challenges in implementing the Guidelines;", "153. Calls upon States to promote, through continuing dialogue and the assistance and cooperation provided in accordance with articles 24 to 26 of the Agreement, further ratifications of or accessions to the Agreement by seeking to address, inter alia, the issue of lack of capacity and resources that might stand in the way of developing States becoming parties;", "154. Notes with appreciation the compilation prepared by the Secretariat of the needs of developing States for capacity-building and assistance in the conservation and management of straddling fish stocks and highly migratory fish stocks and the sources of available assistance for developing States to address such needs;[31]", "155. Encourages States, regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements and other relevant bodies to assist developing States in the implementation of the actions called for in paragraphs 80 and 83 to 87 of resolution 61/105 and paragraphs 113, 117 and 119 to 124 of resolution 64/72;", "156. Urges States and regional economic integration organizations, individually and through regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, to mainstream efforts to assist developing States, in particular the least developed and small island developing States, with other relevant international development strategies with a view to enhancing international coordination to enable them to develop their national capacity to exploit fishery resources, consistent with the duty to ensure the conservation and management of those resources, and in this regard requests the Secretary-General to fully mobilize and coordinate the agencies, funds and programmes of the United Nations system, including at the level of the regional economic commissions, within their respective mandates;", "157. Requests States and regional fisheries management organizations to develop strategies to further assist developing States, in particular the least developed and small island developing States, in fully realizing the benefits from the catch of straddling fish stocks and highly migratory fish stocks and in strengthening regional efforts to sustainably conserve and manage such stocks, and in this regard, to make available such information;", "XII", "Cooperation within the United Nations system", "158. Requests the relevant parts of the United Nations system, international financial institutions and donor agencies to support increased enforcement and compliance capabilities for regional fisheries management organizations and their member States;", "159. Invites the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to continue its cooperative arrangements with United Nations agencies on the implementation of the international plans of action and to report to the Secretary-General, for inclusion in his annual report on sustainable fisheries, on priorities for cooperation and coordination in this work;", "XIII", "Activities of the Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea", "160. Expresses its appreciation to the Secretary-General for the report on the actions taken by States and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements in response to paragraphs 80 and 83 to 87 of resolution 61/105 and paragraphs 113 to 117 and 119 to 127 of resolution 64/72 on sustainable fisheries, addressing the impacts of bottom fishing on vulnerable marine ecosystems and the long-term sustainability of deep‑sea fish stocks, prepared by the Division,[32] as well as for the other activities of the Division, which reflect the high standard of assistance provided to Member States by the Division;", "161. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to carry out the responsibilities and functions entrusted to him by the Convention, the Agreement and the related resolutions of the General Assembly and to ensure the allocation of appropriate resources to the Division for the performance of its activities under the approved budget for the Organization;", "XIV", "Sixty-seventh session of the General Assembly", "162. Requests the Secretary-General to bring the present resolution to the attention of all States, relevant intergovernmental organizations, the organizations and bodies of the United Nations system, subregional and regional fisheries management organizations and relevant non-governmental organizations, and to invite them to provide the Secretary-General with information relevant to the implementation of the present resolution;", "163. Also requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session a report on sustainable fisheries, including through the 1995 Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks, and related instruments, taking into account information provided by States, relevant specialized agencies, in particular the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and other appropriate organs, organizations and programmes of the United Nations system, subregional and regional organizations and arrangements for the conservation and management of straddling fish stocks and highly migratory fish stocks, as well as other relevant intergovernmental bodies and non-governmental organizations, and consisting, inter alia, of elements provided in relevant paragraphs in the present resolution;", "164. Notes the desire to further improve the efficiency of and the effective participation of delegations in the informal consultations concerning the annual General Assembly resolution on sustainable fisheries, decides that the informal consultations on this resolution will be held in a single round of consultations in November for a period of six days, and invites States to submit text proposals for inclusion in the resolution to the Coordinator of the informal consultations no later than four weeks before the start of the consultations;", "165. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session, under the item entitled “Oceans and the law of the sea”, the sub-item entitled “Sustainable fisheries, including through the 1995 Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks, and related instruments”, and to consider the possibility of including this sub-item in future provisional agendas on a biennial basis.", "76th plenary meeting 6 December 2011", "[1]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1833, No. 31363.", "[2]  Ibid., vol. 2167, No. 37924.", "[3]  Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Outcome of the Ministerial Meeting on Fisheries, Rome, 12 March 2005 (CL 128/INF/11), appendix B.", "[4]  International Fisheries Instruments with Index (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.98.V.11), sect. III.", "[5]  See Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Report of the twenty-ninth session of the Committee on Fisheries, Rome, 31 January–4 February 2011, FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report No. 973 (FIPI/R973 (En)).", "[6]  Available from www.fao.org/corp/publications/en.", "[7]  Available from www.fao.org/fishery/publications/en.", "[8]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2221, No. 39486.", "[9]  Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Report of the Conference of FAO, Thirty-sixth Session, Rome, 18–23 November 2009 (C 2009/REP and Corr.1), appendix E.", "[10]  Available from www.fao.org/docrep/015/i2296t/i2296t00.htm.", "[11]  Available from www.fao.org/fishery/publications/technical-guidelines/en.", "[12]  Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Report of the Technical Consultation to Develop International Guidelines on By-catch Management and Reduction of Discards, Rome, 6–10 December 2010, FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report No. 957 (FIRO/R957 (En)), appendix E.", "[13]  E/CN.17/2002/PC.2/3, annex.", "[14]  See United Nations Environment Programme, document UNEP/CBD/COP/7/21, annex.", "[15]  Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August–4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 2, annex.", "[16]  Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Report of the twenty-fifth session of the Committee on Fisheries, Rome, 24–28 February 2003, FAO fisheries Report No. 702 (FIPL/R702 (En)), appendix H.", "[17]  See A/CONF.210/2006/15, annex.", "[18]  See A/CONF.210/2010/7, annex.", "[19]  A/C.2/56/7, annex.", "[20]  World Trade Organization, document WT/MIN(05)/DEC.", "[21]  Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Report of the Technical Consultation on Sea Turtles Conservation and Fisheries, Bangkok, Thailand, 29 November–2 December 2004, FAO Fisheries Report No. 765 (FIRM/R765 (En)), appendix E.", "[22]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2258, No. 40228.", "[23]  Ibid., vol. 2221, No. 39489.", "[24]  Ibid., vol. 1135, No. 17799.", "[25]  Available from www.fao.org/docrep/011/i0445t/i0445t00.htm.", "[26]  Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Report of the Technical Consultation on International Guidelines for the Management of Deep-Sea Fisheries in the High Seas, Rome, 4–8 February and 25–29 August 2008, FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report No. 881 (FIEP/R881 (Tri)), appendix F.", "[27]  Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Report of the FAO Workshop on the Implementation of the International Guidelines for the Management of Deep-sea Fisheries in the High Seas – Challenges and Ways Forward, Busan, Republic of Korea, 10–12 May 2010, FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report No. 948 (FIPI/R948(En)).", "[28]  See United Nations Environment Programme, document UNEP/CBD/COP/10/27, annex, decision X/2.", "[29]  See A/51/116, annex II.", "[30]  Available from www.fao.org/docrep/011/i0620e/i0620e00.htm.", "[31]  Available from www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreements/fishstocksmeetings/compilation2009updated.pdf.", "[32]  A/66/307." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 December 2011", "[without reference to a Main Committee (A/66/L.22 and Add.1)]", "Sustainable fisheries, including through the 1995 Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks, and related instruments", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming its annual resolution on sustainable fisheries, including resolution 65/38 of 7 December 2010, and other relevant resolutions,", "Recalling the relevant provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (the Convention) and bearing in mind the relationship between the Convention and the 1995 Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks (the Agreement) [2],", "Welcoming the recent ratification and accession of the Agreement and the increasing number of States, the Convention and the entities referred to in article 1, paragraph 2 (b), of the Agreement, as well as subregional and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, measures have been taken, as appropriate, to implement the provisions of the Agreement,", "Also welcoming the work carried out by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and its Committee on Fisheries and the 2005 Rome Declaration on Illicit, Unreported and unregulated Fishing adopted on 12 March 2005, [3] recognizing that the Code of Conduct on Responsible Fisheries of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (the Code) [4] and other relevant instruments, including the International Plan of Action, establishes the principles and global standards of conduct for the responsible conservation of fisheries resources and the management and development of fisheries,", "Welcoming also the results of the twenty-ninth session of the Committee on Fisheries, held in Rome from 31 January to 4 February 2011, including decisions and recommendations, [5]", "Noting with concern that information and data are unreliable owing, in particular, to the loss or misstatement of fish stocks and fishing efforts, it is difficult to effectively manage the marine fishing industry in some areas and that this lack of accurate data has resulted in overfishing in some areas,", "Recognizing the significant contribution of sustainable fisheries to food security, income generation, wealth accumulation and poverty eradication for present and future generations,", "Welcoming in this regard the decision taken at the twenty-ninth session of the Committee on Fisheries that the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations should develop a new international instrument on small-scale fisheries, taking into account existing relevant instruments, which should complement the Code, be voluntary and focus on the needs of developing countries,5", "Recognizing the urgent need for action at all levels to sustainably use and manage fisheries resources in a sustainable manner, through the wide use of prudent practices and ecosystem approaches,", "Concerned at the current and projected adverse impacts of climate change on food security and fisheries sustainability in the future, and taking note of the work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the United Nations Environment Programme in that regard,", "Deploring the fact that, owing to illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, flag State surveillance and enforcement efforts, including weak monitoring, control and surveillance measures, inadequate regulatory measures, harmful fisheries subsidies and fishing capacities, combined with the report of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations on the state of world fisheries and aquaculture, 2010 [6], the fish stocks in many parts of the world, including transboundary fish stocks and highly migratory fish stocks, have been overfish, or the limited acceptance and fishing efforts,", "Supporting the ongoing negotiations of the World Trade Organization to strengthen disciplinary penalties for subsidies in the fisheries sector, including the prohibition of certain fisheries subsidies that contribute to fishing capacity over and overfishing,", "Concerned that only a limited number of States have taken measures to implement the International Plan of Action on the Management of Fishing Capacity adopted by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, [7]", "Recalling the International Plan of Action for the Prevention, Suppression and Elimination of Illegal, unreported and unregulated Fishing, adopted by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,7", "Expressing particular concern at the serious threat posed by illicit, unreported and unregulated fishing to fish stocks and marine habitat and ecosystems, which undermine sustainable fisheries and the food security and the economy of many countries, in particular developing countries,", "Concerned at the increasing use of globalization in fisheries markets by some operators, the sale and economic benefits derived from illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, which are the motivations of their participation in such activities,", "Recognizing that effective curbing and combating illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing requires substantial financial and other resources,", "Recognizing also that the Convention, the Agreement for the Promotion of compliance by fishing vessels on the high seas with international conservation and management measures (the Compliance Agreement), the [8] Agreement and the Code stipulate that flag States are obliged to carry out effective oversight of vessels flying their flag and vessels flying their flag in support of fishing vessels and to ensure that the activities of such vessels and subsidiary ships do not undermine the effectiveness of conservation and management measures taken in accordance with international law, subregional, regional or global levels,", "Recognizing also the need for adequate control, monitoring and control of maritime transit to facilitate the fight against illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing,", "Acknowledging the convening by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations of a technical consultation meeting on flagship performance, held in Rome from 2 to 6 May 2011, and noting that the technical consultations will be resumed in Rome from 5 to 9 March 2012,", "Noting that, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Convention, all States have an obligation to cooperate in the conservation and management of marine biological resources, and recognizing, inter alia, that coordination and cooperation at the global, regional, subregional and national levels in the areas of marine scientific research, data collection, information-sharing, capacity-building and training are essential for the conservation, management and sustainable development of marine biological resources,", "Welcoming the holding of the third joint meeting of the five regional fisheries management organizations with competence to control the high number of fish species, held in Santiago, United States of America, from 12 to 14 July 2011,", "Recognizing that the buoy system of ocean data in waters other than national jurisdiction is important for sustainable development, promoting maritime safety and limiting the vulnerability of humankind to natural disasters, as the buoy system is used for weather and ocean forecasting, fisheries management, tsunami forecasting and climate forecasting, and expressing concern that most of the damage to sea data buoys, such as buoys and tsunamis, is often caused by a number of fishing operations, resulting in lapses,", "Welcoming in this regard the measures taken by States, individually or through regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, to protect marine data buoy systems from the impact of fishing,", "Recognizing the need for States, individually and through regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, to continue to develop and implement effective port State measures, in accordance with international law, to combat excessive fishing and illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, and recognizing the urgent need for cooperation with developing countries in order to build their capacity in this regard, and recognizing the importance of cooperation between the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the International Maritime Organization,", "Noting with satisfaction the recent ratification, accession and approval by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations of the Agreement on Measures to Prevent, contain and eliminate illicit, unreported and unregulated fishing, [9]", "Welcoming the decision of the Committee on Fisheries at its twenty-ninth session to establish an open-ended working group or similar mechanism by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to draft the terms of reference of the AWG-LCA as set out in article 21 of the Agreement on Measures to Prevent, contain and eliminate illicit, unreported and unregulated fishing,5", "Also welcoming the third global training workshop on fisheries law enforcement, held in Maputo, Mozambique, from 28 February to 4 March 2011,", "Concerned at the serious human health and safety risks posed by marine pollution from various sources, endangering fish stocks, marine biodiversity and coastal habitats, and causing significant losses to local economies and national economies,", "Recognizing that marine wastes are a global cross-border pollution problem and that different approaches are needed to prevent and eliminate them, as the types and sources of marine wastes vary,", "Noting that sustainable aquaculture contributes to increasing global fish supply, it continues to increase opportunities for developing countries to strengthen local food security and promote poverty reduction, as well as efforts by other aquaculture countries, which will substantially meet future fish consumption needs, bearing in mind article 9 of the Code,", "Reaffirming the importance of a sustainable aquaculture for food security, and expressing concern about the potential impact of gene fish species on the health and sustainability of wildlife stocks,", "Welcoming the endorsement by the Committee on Fisheries at its twenty-ninth session of the technical guidelines for aquaculture accreditation, [10]", "Taking note of the publication by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in 2011 of technical guidelines for the feeding of wildlife in aquaculture, [11]", "Recalling the particular vulnerability of small island developing States, other coastal developing countries and fishing-dependent communities, whose livelihoods, economic development and food security depend primarily on sustainable fisheries, and that they will suffer enormous damage if sustainable fisheries are adversely affected,", "Recalling also those affecting fisheries in many developing countries, in particular in Africa and small island developing States, and recognizing the urgent need for capacity-building, including the transfer of marine technology, in particular fisheries-related technologies, to enhance the capacity of those States to exercise their rights in order to benefit from the benefits generated by fisheries resources and to fulfil their obligations under international instruments,", "Recognizing the need to take appropriate measures to minimize the adverse impact on the sustainability of fish stocks, wastes, discarded fish (including opioid), loss of fish and other factors, which may have on the economic and food security of small island developing States, other coastal developing countries and fishing-dependent communities,", "Welcoming the endorsement by the Committee on Fisheries at its twenty-ninth session of the International Guidelines for the Management of Administered Fish Stocks and the Reduction of Fishing, [12]", "Recognizing the need for further use of ecosystem approaches in fisheries conservation and management, and, more generally, the importance of applying ecosystem approaches in the management of human marine activities, noting in this regard the Minekja unq Declaration on Responsible Fisheries of Marine Ecosystems, [13] the work of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations on guidelines for the use of ecosystem approaches in fisheries management, the importance of this approach to the implementation of the provisions of the Agreement and the Code and the decision VII/11 of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity [14] and other relevant decisions,", "Recognizing also the economic and cultural importance of sharks in many countries, which are the main pillar fish in marine ecosystems, which are of great biological importance, and that certain shark species are vulnerable to overfishing, some of which have been endangered and require measures for long-term conservation, management and sustainable use of shark and fisheries, and recognizing that they can be used to guide the development of such measures,", "Reiterating its support for the initiative of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and relevant subregional and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements for the conservation and management of sharks and fishing, and noting with concern the continued lack of basic data on shark species and fishing, the implementation of the International Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of sharks in a limited number of countries, and that not all regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements take conservation and management measures for the operation of special fishing sharks and for the control of other fisheries,", "Welcoming the scientific measures taken by States to conserve and sustainably manage sharks and, in this regard, taking note of regulatory measures taken by coastal States, including the limitation of fish stocks or fishing efforts, technical measures (including measures to reduce by-catch), protected areas, the duration of the fishing stocks and monitoring, control and surveillance,", "Recognizing the importance of low-nutrition marine species for ecosystem and food security, and the need to ensure their long-term sustainability,", "Concerned at the continuing occurrence of seabirds in the course of fishing operations, in particular cines and thers, as well as other unintended deaths of marine species, including sharks, finfish, marine mammals and sea turtles, while recognizing that States, individually and through regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, make important efforts to reduce unforeseen deaths,", "Sustainable fisheries", "Reaffirms the importance attached by the General Assembly to the long-term conservation, management and sustainable use of the marine biological resources of the world's oceans and seas, and the obligation of States, in accordance with the Convention,1 Articles relating to international law, in particular those relating to Part 5 and section II of the Convention, and, where appropriate, cooperate for this purpose, in accordance with the Agreement;", "Encourages States to give due priority to the implementation of the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (Johannesburg Plan of Implementation), [15] with a view to achieving sustainable fisheries, in particular emergency and, to the extent possible, the recovery of the depletion of the population to the level of sustainable fish stocks by 2015;", "Emphasizes the importance of addressing the sustainable development of fisheries within the framework of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, to be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20 to 22 June 2012, and recognizes the important contribution of fisheries to the three pillars of sustainable development;", "Urges States to intensify efforts, directly or through appropriate subregional, regional or global organizations or arrangements, to assess and address, where appropriate, the impact of global climate change on the long-term maintenance of fish stocks and their habitats, in particular the most affected groups;", "Emphasizes the obligation of flag States to fulfil their responsibilities under the Convention and the Agreement to ensure that vessels flying their flag comply with the conservation and management measures adopted and entered into force on the high seas fisheries resources;", "To achieve the goal of universal participation, all States that have not yet done so are called upon to participate in the Convention, taking into account the relationship between the Convention and the Agreement, as the Convention provides for the legal framework to be followed by all ocean activities;", "Calls upon all States to adopt, directly or through regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, in accordance with international law and the Code of Conduct,4 the extensive use of prudent practices and ecosystem approaches to the conservation, management and development of all fish stocks, and also calls upon States parties to the Agreement to give priority to the full implementation of article 6 of the Agreement;", "Encourages States to increase their efforts to develop, adopt and implement conservation and management measures, including through international cooperation, for the development of conservation and management measures, in accordance with international law, prudent practices and ecosystem approaches, to manage fisheries and to further understand ecosystem approaches in order to sustain and sustain the use of marine biological resources, and in this regard encourages the implementation of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Strategy for Improving the Status and Trends of Fishing, [16] as a framework for improving and understanding the situation and trends in fisheries;", "Calls upon States, either directly or through regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, to take advantage of the reference points for specific groups referred to in annexes II to the Agreement and the Code of Conduct, to maintain or restore the quantity of the species to a sustainable level, including, where necessary, relevant or dependent species, and to initiate conservation and management actions using those reference points;", "Encourages States to adopt and implement conservation and management measures with a view to, inter alia, addressing the issue of fisheries, pollution, overfishing and protecting habitats of specific concern, taking into account existing guidelines developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations;", "Also encourages States, individually or through regional fisheries management organizations or arrangements, to strengthen or develop observer programmes in order to better collect data on the areas of target fish species and by-catch species, which may also assist in monitoring, control and surveillance tools, taking into account the standards, forms of cooperation and other existing structures set out in article 25 of the Agreement and article 5 of the Code;", "Calls upon States and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements for the complete, accurate and timely collection of data on the quantity of fish and fishing efforts submitted, as well as on fisheries-related information, including on transboundary fish stocks and high levels of urbanization in and outside national jurisdictions (b) Establish procedures to strengthen the collection and reporting of data by members of regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, including periodic review of the implementation of these obligations by members of the regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, and request corrective action by the members concerned when the obligation is not fulfilled;", "Invites States and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, in cooperation with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, to implement and further develop the Fisheries Resource Monitoring System initiative;", "Reaffirms paragraph 10 of resolution 61/105 of 8 December 2006, and calls upon States, including through regional fisheries management organizations or arrangements, to take urgent measures to implement fully the International Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks, in accordance with existing scientific information, on the basis of the best available scientific information,7 including the limitation of fish stocks or fishing efforts, the collection and regular reporting of shark capture data, including data on the specific types of sharks, fish discards and fishing shores, and to implement, in full international cooperation, the assessment of the decrease in the number of shark species and the resulting lack of scientific efforts to prevent further adverse impacts of the use of fish stocks or fishing;", "Calls upon States to take immediate and concerted action to better implement and adhere to existing measures by regional fisheries management organizations or arrangements and States to control shark fishing and shark trajectives, in particular measures prohibiting or limiting the use of sandfin fishing only and, where necessary, to consider other measures, such as the provision of all sharks at the time of their capture;", "Calls upon regional fisheries management organizations with competence to control high-crowth fish species, in accordance with the International Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks, to strengthen or develop, as appropriate, prudential and scientific-based conservation and management measures against sharks captured in their respective jurisdictions;", "Welcomes the decision of the twenty-ninth session of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Committee on Fisheries to prepare a report on the implementation of the International Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of sharks5 and requests the organization to prepare another report on the challenges faced by its member States in implementing the instrument and paragraph 14 of the present resolution;", "Urges States to take into account the importance of trade in fish products and fisheries products, in particular the importance of developing countries, and to eliminate barriers to trade in fish products and fisheries products that violate the rights and obligations set forth in the World Trade Organization agreements;", "Urges States and relevant international and national organizations to allow small-scale fisheries stakeholders to participate in the development of relevant policies and fisheries management strategies, in accordance with their responsibilities for the proper conservation and management of fisheries resources, in order to enable these fisheries to continue in the long term;", "Encourages States to analyse, directly or through subregional, regional or global-related competent organizations and arrangements, as appropriate, the impact of fishing on low-nutrition marine species;", "Invites the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to consider the potential impact of genetic species on the health and sustainability of wildlife fish stocks and to provide guidance in accordance with the Code on minimizing the harmful effects in this regard;", "Implementation of the 1995 Agreement on the Implementation of the Provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks", "Calls upon all States that have not yet ratified or acceded to the Agreement and the entities referred to in article 1, paragraph 2 (b), of the Convention and the Agreement to ratify or accede to the Agreement before considering the provisional application of the Agreement;", "Calls upon States parties to the Agreement to give priority to the effective implementation of the provisions of the Agreement through their national legislation and the regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements they participate;", "Emphasizes the importance of the provisions of the Agreement relating to bilateral, subregional and regional cooperation in law enforcement, and urges continued efforts in this regard;", "Urges the States parties to the Agreement, in accordance with article 21, paragraph 4, of the Agreement, to communicate, directly or through the relevant subregional or regional fisheries management organizations or arrangements, their national identity to officials authorized to carry out boarding and inspection missions in accordance with articles 21 and 22 of the Agreement, to inform all States that have vessels fishing on the same subregional or regional high seas;", "Also urges the States parties to the Agreement to designate, in accordance with article 21, paragraph 4, of the Agreement, the relevant authorities to accept the notification under article 21, and to make the relevant subregional or regional fisheries management organizations or arrangements for their proper publication;", "Invites regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements that meet the procedures for the inspection of vessels on the high seas in accordance with articles 21 and 22 of the Agreement to apply those procedures;", "Calls upon States to take the necessary measures for the long-term conservation, management and sustainable use of such groups, in accordance with the Convention and in accordance with the general principles set out in the Code and the Agreement, in accordance with their respective and, where appropriate, subregional and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements dealing with the issue of the release of fish stocks on the high seas;", "Invites States to assist developing countries in their further participation in regional fisheries management organizations or arrangements, including in accordance with article 25, paragraph 1 (b), of the Agreement, in accessing transboundary fish and highly migratory fish, taking into account the need to ensure that such opportunities benefit developing countries and their nationals;", "Invites States, international financial institutions and organizations of the United Nations system to provide assistance in accordance with Part VII of the Agreement, including, where appropriate, the development of special financial mechanisms or instruments that enable developing countries, in particular the least developed countries and small island developing States, to build national capacities for the development of fisheries resources, in accordance with their obligations under the appropriate conservation and management of fisheries resources, including the development of national flag fishing fleets, value-added processing and the expansion of the economic base of fisheries industry;", "Notes with appreciation the contributions of States to the Fund established under Part VII of the Agreement and encourages States, intergovernmental organizations, international financial institutions, national institutions, non-governmental organizations and natural and legal persons to make further voluntary contributions to the Fund;", "Notes with satisfaction that the Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the Office of Legal Affairs of the Secretariat has taken steps to promote the assistance provided through the Aid Fund and encourages the organization and the Division of Sea Law to continue their efforts in this regard;", "Encourages States, individually and through subregional and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, to accelerate progress in the implementation of the recommendations of the Review Conference of the Agreement held in New York from 22 to 26 May 2006 [17] and to identify new priorities;", "Also encourages States, individually and through subregional and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, where appropriate, to give due consideration to the implementation of the recommendations of the resumed Review Conference, held in New York from 24 to 28 May 2010; [18]", "Reiterates its request to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, when there is no arrangement, to make arrangements with States to collect and disseminate data at the subregional and regional levels on the high seas of vessels flying their flag;", "Also reiterates its request to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to revise its global fisheries statistics database by providing information on transboundary fish stocks, highly migratory fish stocks and the release of fish stocks on the high seas at the location of the capture;", "Relevant fisheries instruments", "Stresses the importance of the effective implementation of the provisions of the Compliance Agreement8 and urges continued efforts in this regard;", "Calls upon all States that have not yet acceded to the Compliance Agreement and other entities referred to in article 10, paragraph 1, of the Agreement, to participate as a matter of priority, and to consider the provisional application of the Agreement before it;", "Urges States and subregional and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements to implement the Code and encourage the adoption of the Code within their mandates;", "Urges States to prioritize the development and implementation of national action plans and, where appropriate, to develop and implement regional action plans to implement the International Plan of Action of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations;", "Encourages competent international organizations to develop guidelines on best practices for maritime safety in marine fisheries;", "Also encourages the parties to participate widely in the International Maritime Organization's diplomatic conference held in South Africa in 2012 in order to adopt an agreement on the implementation of the Protocol of the Convention on the Safety of Tomorimanos of 1977;", "Illicit, unreported and unregulated fishing", "Stresses once again its grave concern that illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing remains one of the greatest threats to marine ecosystems and continues to have a serious and significant impact on the conservation and management of marine resources, food security and the economies of many countries, in particular developing countries, and reiterates its call upon States to fully implement all existing obligations to combat such fishing, and to take all necessary measures promptly to implement the International Plan of Action for the Prevention, Suppression and Elimination of Illegal, unreported and unregulated Fishing;7", "Urges States to carry out effective oversight of their nationals, including the beneficiaries' owners, and vessels flying their flags, in order to prevent and deter them from engaging in illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing or to support vessels engaged in illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, including those vessels designated by regional fisheries management organizations or arrangements, and to promote mutual assistance in order to ensure that such activities are investigated and sanctioned appropriately;", "Also urges States to take effective measures at the national, subregional, regional and global levels to deter any vessel from engaging in activities that undermine subregional and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements for the conservation and management measures adopted under international law, including illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing;", "Calls upon States to prohibit the fishing of their flag vessels on the high seas or in areas under their jurisdiction, unless such vessels are formally authorized by the relevant national authorities and operate in accordance with the conditions set forth in the ratification, and calls upon States to take concrete measures in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Convention, the Agreement and the Compliance Measures Agreement, including by preventing their nationals from replacing their flags in order to oversee the operation of fishing vessels flying their flag;", "Urges States, individually and through regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, to develop appropriate procedures to assess the implementation by States of their obligations under relevant international instruments for fishing vessels flying their flag;", "Encourages States, within the framework of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, to continue the work of the Technical Consultation Meeting on flagship performance with regard to the draft flag performance standards, flag performance assessment and possible actions under international law to encourage compliance and to assist developing countries in improving their performance as flag States;", "Reaffirms the importance of strengthening, where necessary, the international legal framework for intergovernmental cooperation, in particular at the subregional and regional levels, to manage fish stocks and combat illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing in a manner consistent with international law, and to promote cooperation among States and entities referred to in article 1, paragraph 2 (b), of the Convention and the Agreement in their efforts to address such fishing;", "Urges regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements to further coordinate measures to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, such as the joint development of a list of vessels identified for illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing or the mutual recognition of the lists of vessels engaged in illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing by each organization or arrangement;", "Reiterates its call upon States to take all necessary measures in accordance with international law, including the prohibition of the use of national ports by vessels, when there is a clear evidence of the sovereignty of the State over its ports in their territory, without prejudice to the sovereignty of the State over its territory, and may wish to jeopardize force majeure or cause of risk, and to report thereon to the flag State;", "Reaffirms paragraph 48 of resolution 65/38 on the elimination of illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing of vessels flying the flag, and calls upon States to establish a “removable link” with fishing vessels flying their flag, and urges States that open registration to effectively control all national flag vessels, as required by international law, and otherwise to cease their registration;", "Recognizes the need to strengthen port State measures to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, and urges States, in particular at the regional level and through subregional and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, to cooperate to take all necessary port measures consistent with international law, taking into account article 23 of the Agreement, and to further promote the development and application of standards at the regional level;", "To this end, States and regional economic integration organizations that have not yet done so are encouraged to consider signing and ratifying, accepting, approving or acceding to the Agreement on Port-au-State Measures to Prevent, contain and eliminate illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing,9 with a view to its early entry into force;", "Encourages the strengthening of cooperation between the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the International Maritime Organization, taking into account their respective competence, mandate and experience in combating illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, in particular in better performing flag duties and implementing port State measures;", "Encourages States and port States with their flags to make every effort to share data on the shores and capture quotas on fishing, and in this regard encourages regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements to consider the establishment of an open database containing such data in order to enhance the effectiveness of fisheries management;", "Calls upon States to take all necessary measures to prevent such diversions through appropriate controls, monitoring and control over the diversion of marine fish, including through national measures that apply more to vessels flying their flag, in order to ensure that vessels flying their flag do not transit fish caught in illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing;", "Urges States to adopt and implement internationally agreed market measures, in accordance with the principles, rights and obligations established in international law, including the World Trade Organization agreements, in accordance with their respective and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, as required by the International Plan of Action for the Prevention, Suppression and Elimination of Illegal, Unreported and unregulated Fishing;", "Encourages States and other relevant actors to share information with relevant international forums on emerging measures related to markets and trade, in accordance with the established workplan of the Committee on Fisheries, as they may affect all countries, taking into account the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Technical Guidelines for Responsible Fish Stocks;11", "Takes note of the concern that international organized crime may be linked to illicit fishing in certain parts of the world, and encourages States, including through relevant international forums and organizations, to study the causes, methods and incentives of illicit fishing, to further recognize and understand possible links and to publish the findings, and notes in this regard the study by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime on transnational organized crime in the fishing industry, bearing in mind the different legal systems and remedies applicable to illicit fishing and international organized crime;", "Monitoring, control and surveillance and compliance and enforcement", "Calls upon States, individually and within their participating regional fisheries management organizations or arrangements, to further implement comprehensive monitoring, control and surveillance measures, as well as compliance and implementation plans in accordance with international law, and to develop such measures and plans in the absence of such measures and plans to promote compliance with agreed conservation and management measures, and further urges relevant States and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements to enhance coordination in these efforts;", "Encourages competent international organizations, including the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, as well as subregional and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, to undertake further work to develop guidelines for the supervision of flag fishing vessels;", "Urges States, individually and through relevant regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, to establish mandatory ship monitoring, control and surveillance systems, in particular by requiring all vessels fishing on the high seas to be equipped with a ship monitoring system as soon as practicable, and recalls paragraph 62 of resolution 63/112 of 5 December 2008, urging large fishing vessels to be provided with a ship monitoring system by December 2008, and to share information on matters relating to fisheries law enforcement;", "Calls upon States, individually and through regional fisheries management organizations or arrangements, to strengthen or list, in accordance with their national legislation and international law, good lists or negative lists of ship records relating to fisheries in regional fisheries management organizations and jurisdictions, for the purpose of promoting compliance with conservation and management measures, to identify fish captured in illegal, unreported and unregulated circumstances, and to encourage all parties and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements to cooperate with developing countries, taking into account article 25 of the Agreement, to strengthen coordination, exchange and use of such information;", "Encourages the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to work with States, regional economic integration organizations, the International Maritime Organization and, where appropriate, with regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements to expedite the preparation and management of global integrated records, including the unique ship identification system;", "Invites States and relevant international bodies, in accordance with international law, to develop more effective measures for the tracing of fish and fisheries products in the form of cooperation with developing countries, in accordance with the special needs of developing countries and the provisions of article 25 of the Agreement, so that the importing State can identify fish or fisheries products that are in violation of international conservation and management measures agreed under international law, while recognizing that market access is essential for fish and fisheries products that comply with these international measures;", "Invites States, in accordance with international law, to take the necessary measures to prevent the entry into international trade of fish and fisheries products that are fishing in a manner that undermines the appropriate conservation and management measures adopted by international law;", "Invites the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to report on progress made in the development of guidelines for the recording of fish and traceability of best practices to include in the report of the Secretary-General on fisheries to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "Encourages States, in accordance with international law, to develop and cooperate in monitoring and implementation activities aimed at strengthening work, ensuring compliance with conservation and management measures, preventing and combating illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing;", "Urges States to develop and implement effective monitoring, control and surveillance measures, directly and through regional fisheries management organizations or arrangements, as appropriate, for trans-shipment activities, in particular maritime transit activities, in order to, inter alia, monitor compliance, collect and verify fisheries data, prevent and combat illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, and encourages and support the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to study current transit practices and to develop a set of guidelines for this purpose;", "Expresses its appreciation to States for their financial contributions to enhance the capacity of existing voluntary international fisheries activities monitoring, control and surveillance networks, and encourages States to become parties to the network and to participate actively in its activities, while taking into account the form of cooperation with developing countries provided for in article 25 of the Agreement, and to consider supporting, as appropriate, the network of international bodies with specific funding under international law in order to further assist its members;", "Overfishing capacity", "Calls upon States to commit to rapidly reducing the fishing fleet capabilities of the world through the development of indicators and the development of plans or other appropriate mechanisms for the continuous assessment of fishing capabilities so that they reach the level consistent with the long-term goal of maintaining fish stocks, while avoiding the transfer of fishing capacity to other fishing industries or areas in a manner that undermines the sustainable management of fish stocks, including areas where the fish stocks have been overfished or drying, and to that end recognizes the legitimate rights of developing countries, in accordance with article 25 of the Agreement, article 5 of the Code and the International Plan of Action on the Management of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. In paragraph 10, the development of cross-border fish fishing and highly migratory fish fishing industries;", "Reiterates its call upon States, individually and through regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, to ensure the prompt adoption of urgent actions under the International Plan of Action for the Management of Fishing Capacity and to assist in the implementation of the Plan immediately;", "Invites the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to report on progress made in the implementation of the Plan in accordance with paragraph 48 of the International Plan of Action for the Management of Fishing Capacity;", "Calls upon States, individually and when appropriate, to control highly organized crime Subregional and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements for the fish species should immediately address the issue of global tuna fishing capacity and address, inter alia, the legitimate rights of developing countries, in particular small island developing States, to participate in and benefit from tuna fishing, taking into account the recommendations of the International Symposium on the Management of Tuna Fisheries, held in Bristra, Australia, from 29 June to 1 July 2010, and the recommendations of the third joint meeting of regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements for tuna, in July 2011;", "Encourages States that are cooperating in the establishment of subregional and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, taking into account the best available scientific information and prudent practices, to voluntarily limit the quantity of fishing efforts in areas that will be managed by future organizations and arrangements, until appropriate regional conservation and management measures are adopted and implemented, taking into account the need to ensure long-term conservation, management and sustainable use of the relevant fish stocks and to prevent significant adverse impacts on vulnerable marine ecosystems;", "Urges States to eliminate subsidies that contribute to excessive fishing and fishing capacity and illicit, unreported and unregulated fishing, including through expediting the completion of the World Trade Organization negotiations on fisheries subsidies, to clarify and improve fisheries subsidies rules in accordance with the Doha Ministerial Declaration of 2001 [19] and to strengthen fisheries subsidies rules in accordance with the Hong Kong Ministerial Declaration [20], taking into account the importance of the fisheries sector for developing countries;", "Large-scale high-level drift-net fishing", "Expresses concern that, despite the adoption of General Assembly resolution 46/215 of 20 December 1991, the practice of large-scale high-level drift-net fishing remains and remains a threat to marine biological resources;", "Urges States, individually and through regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, to take effective measures, or to strengthen existing measures, to implement and implement the provisions of resolution 46215 and subsequent resolutions on large-scale atmospheric fishing, with a view to eliminating the use of large and medium-sized stream networks in all oceans, which means that the implementation of resolution 46/2215 shall not result in the diversion of stream operations prohibited by the resolution to other parts of the world;", "Also urges States, individually and through regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, to take effective measures, or to strengthen existing measures, to implement and implement the current global moratorium on the use of large-scale intermediate-scale stream fishing in the high seas, and calls upon States to ensure that vessels with a formal authorization to use large-scale networks in their territorial waters do not use the fishing vessel on the high seas;", "Reaffirms paragraph 6 of resolution 46/2215 on requests for information to the Secretary-General, and requests the Secretary-General to include such information in his report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "Administered fish and fish", "Urges States, subregional and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements that have not yet done so, as well as other relevant international organizations, to take action in accordance with international law and relevant international instruments, including the Code of Conduct, including taking into account the interests of developing coastal States and, where appropriate, the interests of fishing-dependent communities, to reduce or eliminate, in particular, the loss of fish, discarded or abandoned fish stocks, and the subsequent loss of fish stocks, taking into account, inter alia, measures taken to enhance their vulnerability to, as appropriate, the use of, fish stocks, fish discarded and prohibited technologies, as well as measures to support the establishment of small-scale fisheries mechanisms, taking into account, in particular those measures to support, and the establishment of small-scale fisheries-scale fishing mechanisms, taking into account the establishment of such as possible, taking into account the establishment of such measures to support for the establishment of the establishment of such measures to support for the development of such activities, and the development of the development of such fisheries-scale fisheries-scale fisheries-scale fishing facilities, and the development of such measures, in particular those measures to support for the development of such as well as well as possible, taking into account, and", "Calls upon States, individually, collectively or through regional management organizations and arrangements, to further study, develop and implement effective management measures, based on the best available scientific information on fishing methods, including fish-containing devices, in order to minimize inter-catch;", "Calls upon States, subregional and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, as well as other relevant international organizations, where appropriate, to develop and implement effective management measures, including, where appropriate, the use of selective fish stocks, in order to reduce the capture of non-targeted fish species;", "Calls upon States, subregional and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements to take or improve measures to assess the impact of their fisheries on the fish species of the Deputy Fish Stocks, to strengthen the comprehensive and accurate character of information and reports on the misuse of the fish stocks, including through the implementation of adequate observation coverage and the use of modern technologies, and calls upon them to assist developing countries in fulfilling their data collection and reporting obligations;", "Invites States and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, where appropriate, to strengthen or establish data collection programmes to obtain reliable estimates on the miscarriage of sharks, sea turtles, finfish, marine mammals and seabirds, and to promote further research on selective fish instruments and practices and appropriate measures to reduce miscarriage;", "Encourages States and entities referred to in article 1, paragraph 2 (b), of the Convention and the Agreement to participate, as appropriate, in subregional and regional instruments and organizations responsible for the conservation of non-objective fish species that are disrupted by fishing operations;", "Encourages States, in accordance with their needs, to strengthen their participation in subregional and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements to ensure the proper conservation of non-targeted fish species, taking into account best practices in the management of non-target species, and to expedite their ongoing efforts;", "Invites States and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements to implement urgently, as appropriate, the 2004 Guidelines of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations on Reducing the Death of Sea turtles in fishing operations [and] 21] and the measures recommended by the International Plan of Action for the Reduction of Sustained Seabirds in Okinawa7 to promote the use of existing technologies for the reduction of non-fished fish, to develop and strengthen data collection programmes, to obtain standardized information to prevent the reduction of sea turtles and sea birds in the fishing process, including through research and development of alternative fisheries and fish-breeding, and to promote the use of existing technologies for the reduction of fish stocks, and to develop and strengthen data collection programmes to obtain standardized information for the reliable estimates of the use of the sub-fish of these species;", "Also requests States and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements to take urgent action to reduce seabirds, such as arsenal and fernes, in fishing, in accordance with the precautionary measures consistent with the best practices technical guidelines of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations for 2009, in support of the implementation of the International Plan of Action for the Reduction of Detained Sea Candibirds in Okinawa,11 taking into account the Convention on the Protection of Astronauts and Helens, and taking into account the Convention on the Conservation of Astrone and Helens. 22] Work of organizations such as the Commission for the Conservation of Marine Resources in the Antarctic;", "Subregional and regional cooperation", "Urges coastal States and the high seas fishing States to cooperate directly or through relevant subregional or regional fisheries management organizations or arrangements, in the effective conservation and management of these groups, in accordance with the provisions of the Convention, the Agreement and other relevant instruments;", "Urges States and relevant coastal States that fish stocks of transboundary fish stocks and highly migratory fish stocks on the high seas to comply with their obligations of cooperation, to accede to or participate in such arrangements in the case of subregional or regional fisheries management organizations or arrangements with the competence to develop measures for the conservation and management of such groups, or to agree to the use of conservation and management measures established by those organizations or arrangements, or otherwise to ensure that no fisheries resources targeted by the fisheries resources or the fisheries resources developed by those organizations or arrangements for the conservation and management measures established by any vessel flying their flag;", "To this end, subregional and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements are invited to ensure that all States that have practical stake in the fisheries concerned may become members of the organization or participate in the arrangements, as provided for in the Convention, the Agreement and the Code;", "Encourages the relevant coastal States and States that have fishing transboundary stocks or highly migratory fish stocks on the high seas, to cooperate in the establishment of such organizations or other appropriate arrangements for the conservation and management of such groups without subregional or regional fisheries management organizations or arrangements, and to participate in the work of the organization or arrangement;", "Urges all States signatories to the Convention on the Conservation and Management of the Fisheries Resources of the South-East Atlantic and other States that have national vessels in the area covered by the Convention on Fisheries Resources in the area under the jurisdiction of the Convention, to give priority to participating in the Convention and to ensure that vessels flying their flag are fully in compliance with the measures adopted;", "Welcomes the recent ratification of the South Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement, encourages signatory States and States with practical stakes to participate in the Agreement, and urges them to agree on and implement provisional measures, including measures established in accordance with paragraphs 80 and 83 to 87 of resolution 61/105 and paragraphs 117, 119, 120, 122 and 123 of 4 December 2009, to ensure the conservation and management of fisheries resources and their marine ecosystems and habitats in areas that are applicable to the Agreement before entry into force;", "Notes recent efforts at the regional level to promote responsible fishing practices, including combating illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing;", "Welcomes the recent ratification and accession to the Convention on the Conservation and Management of Fishing Resources in the High seas of the South Pacific and encourages greater ratification, accession, acceptance and approval of the Convention with a view to their early entry into force;", "Encourages States, regional economic integration organizations, the entities referred to in article 1, paragraph 2 (b), of the Convention on the Conservation and Management of Fisheries Resources in the South Pacific, and to participate in the negotiation of the Convention, to fully implement the voluntary provisional measures adopted before the entry into force of the Convention and the adoption of conservation and management measures in order to implement paragraphs 80 and 83 to 87 of resolution 61/105;", "Also encourages States, regional economic integration organizations, paragraph 2 (b) of the Convention on the Conservation and Management of Fisheries Resources in the South Pacific, to refer to and participate in the negotiation of the Convention, to fully implement the voluntary provisional measures adopted prior to the entry into force of the Convention and the adoption of conservation and management measures, and to make voluntary restrictions on the quantity and fish stocks of fishing efforts in order to avoid the excessive development of certain high-level fisheries resources in areas to which the Convention is applicable, and to take into account the scientific advice provided by the Scientific Working Group and further requests for the full and accurate reporting of fish stocks in accordance with the interim measures;", "Notes with satisfaction the conclusion of negotiations on the establishment of regional fisheries management organizations in the North Pacific, and encourages participating States to fully implement voluntary interim measures adopted pursuant to paragraphs 80 and 83 to 87 of resolution 61/105 and paragraphs 117, 119, 120, 122 and 123 of resolution 6472;", "Takes note of the efforts of the members of the Indian Ocean Tuna Tuna Commission to strengthen the Commission's functions so that it can carry out its mandate more effectively and invites the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to provide the Committee with the necessary assistance to that end;", "Encourages signatory States and States with practical stakes to join the Inter-American Committee on Tropical Tuna, established by the United States of America and the Republic of Costa Rica;", "Welcomes the future Convention on Multilateral Cooperation in the West Atlantic Fisheries 24] Some Parties recently approved the 2007 amendment to the Convention and encouraged Parties that have not yet done so to approve the amendments so that they may enter into force as soon as possible;", "Urges regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements to make further efforts, as a matter of priority, to strengthen their mandates and the measures adopted and modernize them, relying on the best available scientific information, to manage fisheries and to take into account biodiversity considerations, including the conservation and management of ecologically relevant and dependent fish species and to protect their habitats, and, if not previously done, to manage fisheries using modern methods, to contribute effectively to the long-term conservation and management of marine resources, and welcomes steps taken in this direction by regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements;", "Calls upon the competent authorities to conserve and manage the highly volatile fish stocks, but not to take effective conservation and management measures in accordance with existing reliable scientific information to conserve and manage the regional fisheries management organizations that are responsible for them, taking them promptly;", "Urges States to expand and strengthen cooperation between existing and emerging regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements that they participate, including through enhanced communication through joint consultations, and to further coordinate relevant measures and to strengthen their integration, coordination and cooperation with other relevant fisheries organizations, regional seas arrangements and other relevant international organizations;", "Urges the five regional fisheries management organizations with competence to manage high-level fish species to continue to take measures to implement the Action Programme adopted by the regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements for the second joint meeting and to consider the recommendations of the third joint meeting of the regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements for tuna;", "Invites States and regional fisheries management organizations with competence to manage high-cruit species of fish to share experiences and good practices through, where appropriate, consideration of the organization of joint meetings;", "Urges regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements to increase transparency in their decision-making processes, based on the best available scientific information, to adopt prudent practices and ecosystem approaches to address the rights of participants, including by taking fully into account the status of the relevant fish stocks and the interests of the parties in fisheries, and to develop, where appropriate, transparent standards reflecting the opportunities for the distribution of fishing, as reflected in the relevant provisions of the Agreement;", "Welcomes the 2010 Performance Review of the Organization of Eastern and Southern Atlantic Fisheries and the 2011 Performance Review of the North-West Atlantic Fisheries Organization, welcomes the completion of performance reviews by a number of regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, and encourages them to give priority, as appropriate, to the implementation of the recommendations made in their respective reviews;", "Urges States to adopt, as soon as possible, transparent standards established in accordance with the provisions of the Agreement and other relevant instruments, taking into account best practices in regional fisheries management organizations or arrangements, and, where appropriate, national and other regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, performance reviews of their affiliated regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, irrespective of whether the review is conducted by the organization or organization itself or in cooperation with external partners, including the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and encourages an independent assessment of the extent of such performance reviews, and, where appropriate, the functions of improving regional fisheries management organizations or arrangements;", "Encourages regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements to publish and discuss the results of the review of performance and to further consider periodic performance reviews;", "Urges States to cooperate in the development of guidelines for regional fisheries management organizations and the organization of best practices, taking into account these performance reviews, and to use them to the extent possible for the organizations and arrangements they participate;", "Encourages the development of regional guidelines for States to establish measures to sanction violations committed by vessels and their nationals flying their flags, in accordance with their national legislation, which should be applied in a manner that effectively ensures compliance with the law, prevents further violations, deprives offenders of the benefits they have obtained from illegal activities, and to use guidelines to assess the sanctions regime, to ensure that they are able to effectively ensure compliance with the legislation and prevent violations;", "Responsible fisheries in marine ecosystems", "Urges States, individually or through regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, to strengthen their efforts to apply ecosystem approaches to fisheries, taking into account paragraph 30 (d) of the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation;15", "Encourages States, individually or through regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, as well as other relevant international organizations, to make efforts to ensure that fisheries and other ecosystem data are collected in a coordinated and coherent manner and to promote, where appropriate, their integration into global observation initiatives;", "Calls upon States and regional fisheries management organizations or arrangements to cooperate with other relevant organizations, such as the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission and the World Meteorological Organization, to take measures, as appropriate, to protect the buoyage of marine data in waters beyond national jurisdiction from harm;", "Encourages States to increase scientific research activities on marine ecosystems, in accordance with international law;", "Calls upon States, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and other specialized agencies, relevant subregional and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, as well as other relevant intergovernmental bodies, to cooperate with each other in order to achieve a sustainable aquaculture, including by exchanging information on the health and human health problems of aquatic animals and concerns, to assess the positive and negative impact of aquaculture on the marine and coastal environment, including biodiversity, and to adopt methodologies and technologies to minimize and mitigate adverse impacts, and, in this regard, encourages the implementation of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations strategic and framework plan for improving the situation and trends of aquaculture in 2007;", "Calls upon States to recognize the critical importance of deep-sea ecosystems and the biodiversity they possess, the difficulty of estimating their values, the immediate actions of their respective and through regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, in accordance with prudent practices and ecosystem approaches, to continue to implement the International Guidelines on the Management of the High seas, 2008 (the Guidelines) of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, [26] Sustainable management of fish stocks and to refrain from harming vulnerable marine ecosystems, including seabed, hydro and refrigeration coral reefs;", "Reaffirms the importance of paragraphs 80 to 90 of resolution 61/105 and paragraphs 113 to 127 of resolution 6472, in which they relate to the impact of bottom fishing on the long-term sustainability of vulnerable marine ecosystems and deep-sea fish stocks, reiterates the urgent action required by those resolutions and stresses that States and relevant regional fisheries management organizations or arrangements should urgently fully implement their commitments under those paragraphs;", "Recalls resolutions 61/105 and 64/72 and the paragraphs of the present resolution on the impact of bottom fishing on vulnerable marine ecosystems without prejudice to the sovereignty of coastal States over their continental shelf, nor to the jurisdiction of coastal States over their continental shelf in accordance with the Convention, in particular the international law referred to in article 77 thereof;", "Notes in this regard the protection measures taken by coastal States to address the impact of fish on vulnerable marine ecosystems, and notes the efforts made by those States to ensure their implementation;", "Welcomes the significant progress made by States, regional fisheries management organizations or arrangements and by States participating in negotiations aimed at establishing regional fisheries management organizations or arrangements with the authority to control bottom fish fishing in order to implement paragraphs 80 and 83 to 87 of resolution 61/105 and paragraphs 113, 117 and 119 to 124 of resolution 6472 and address the impact of bottom fish on vulnerable marine ecosystems;", "Also welcomes the considerable work being done by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in the management of deep-sea fisheries on the high seas and in the protection of vulnerable marine ecosystems, and urges States and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements to ensure the sustainable management of deep-sea fisheries and the implementation of paragraphs 80 and 83 to 87 of resolution 61/105 and paragraphs 119, 120 and 122 to 124 of resolution 64/72, in conformity with the Guidelines;", "Takes note of the report of the workshop held by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in Busan, Republic of Korea, from 10 to 12 May 2010 on the implementation of the Guidelines; [27]", "Welcomes the workshop organized by the Secretary-General in New York on 15 and 16 September 2011, in accordance with paragraph 128 of resolution 6472, to discuss the implementation of paragraphs 80 and 83 to 87 of resolution 61/105 and paragraphs 117 and 119 to 127, addressing the impact of bottom fishing on the long-term sustainability of vulnerable marine ecosystems and deep-sea fish stocks;", "Bearing in mind that, in accordance with paragraph 129 of resolution 6472, and despite progress made, urgent action requested in resolutions 61/105 and 6472 has not been fully implemented in all circumstances, and in this regard requires further action in accordance with preventive approaches, ecosystem approaches and international law and in accordance with the Guidelines, and in this regard calls upon States, through regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements with competence to control bottom fishing, and calls upon States involved in negotiations aimed at establishing such organizations or arrangements, as well as flag States, to take the following urgent action on fishing in areas outside national jurisdiction:", "(a) Enhance the process of assessment, taking into account the individual, collective and cumulative impacts and the publication of the results of the assessment, recognizing that it could support transparency and capacity-building globally;", "(b) Establish and improve procedures to ensure that assessments are updated when new conditions or information needs are needed;", "(c) Establish and improve procedures for regular evaluation, review and evaluation based on existing best scientific and management measures;", "(d) Establish mechanisms to promote and strengthen the implementation of applicable measures adopted under international law to protect vulnerable marine ecosystems;", "Notes that not all impact assessments have been made public, and calls upon States, in accordance with domestic law, to publish without delay all assessment findings;", "Acknowledges that various types of marine scientific research, including seabed maps carried out in different parts of the oceans, have identified vulnerable marine ecosystems and adopted conservation and management measures, including the prohibition of fish in some maritime areas, in accordance with paragraph 119 (b) of resolution 6472, in order to prevent significant adverse impacts on such ecosystems;", "Encourages, in this regard, regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements with competence to control bottom fishing, States participating in negotiations aimed at establishing such organizations or arrangements, and flag States to consider the results of existing marine scientific research, including those obtained from the seabed mapping programme to identify vulnerable marine ecosystems, to adopt conservation and management measures, in accordance with the Guidelines, to prevent the significant adverse impact of fish fishing on such ecosystems, or to prohibit the use of bottom-up fishing in those marine areas prior to the adoption of these conservation and management measures, and to continue in-depth marine scientific research for the above-mentioned purposes in accordance with international law;", "Encourages States, regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, as well as those participating in negotiations aimed at establishing such organizations or arrangements, to further study deep fish species and ecosystems, in accordance with the Guidelines and the Convention, including Part XIII of the Convention, and to assess the impact of fishing activities on target species and non-target species;", "Acknowledges in particular the special circumstances and needs of developing countries, which may face specific challenges in the full implementation of certain technical requirements of the Guidelines, and in the implementation of paragraphs 83 to 87 of resolution 61/105, paragraph 119 of resolution 6472, paragraph 129 of the present resolution and section 6 of the Guidelines on the special needs of developing countries;", "Invites the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, in promoting the implementation of the Guidelines by States and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, to consider the following work as part of the ongoing implementation of the deep-sea fisheries programme:", "(a) To compile and make public information on the manner in which reports and related mitigation measures, including technical guidance on attendance and departure from distances;", "(b) Preparation of guidance on the application of the criteria for identifying vulnerable marine ecosystems as set out in the Guidelines;", "(c) Preparation of guidance on assessment issues, including on risk assessment issues for individual, collective and cumulative impacts, to promote further standardization of such assessments;", "(d) Support and facilitate the assessment of fish stocks on the high seas in order to ensure the sustainability of such fisheries;", "(e) Continue its work to create a global database of information on vulnerable marine ecosystems;", "Also invites the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to consider holding meetings on the review of impact assessments, with the participation of regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements with the authority to control bottom-up fishing, as well as scientists from countries, with a view to presenting such assessments, including best practices and standards for risk assessment;", "Decides to review further actions taken by States and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements in accordance with paragraphs 117 and 119 to 127 of resolution 6472 and paragraphs 121, 126 and 129 to 136 of the present resolution in 2015 in order to ensure the effective implementation of the measures contained therein and to make further recommendations, if necessary;", "Encourages accelerated efforts to establish standards for the purpose and management of marine protected areas for fisheries purposes, and in this regard welcomes the work of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to develop technical guidelines for the design, establishment and testing of marine protected areas for fisheries purposes in accordance with the Convention and the Code, and urges all relevant international organizations and bodies to cooperate and coordinate them;", "Takes note, in this regard, of the adoption by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity at its tenth session, held in Koguang, Japan, from 18 to 29 October 2010, of a new strategic plan on biodiversity for the period 2011-2020; [28]", "Urges all States to implement the 1995 Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities, [29] to intensify their activities to prevent pollution and physical degradation of marine ecosystems, including fish stocks;", "Acknowledges the serious environmental impact of abandoned, lost or abandoned fishermen on the marine environment and encourages States to take action to reduce such fish stocks, taking note of the recommendations of the United Nations Environment Programme and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in its 2009 report; [30]", "Reaffirms the importance attached to paragraphs 77 to 81 of resolution 60/31 of 29 November 2005 on the issue of loss, abandonment or abandonment of fish and related marine wastes and the adverse impacts of such wastes and abandoned fish stocks, in particular on fish stocks, habitats and other marine species, and urges States and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements to expedite the implementation of those paragraphs;", "Encourages institutions, including the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, to further study the impact of the noise on fish and capture and the relevant socio-economic impacts;", "Calls upon States, including through regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, to play an active role in global efforts for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological resources to promote marine biodiversity;", "Encourages States, individually or through regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, to identify fish stocks and breeding areas within their jurisdiction or competence, and, where necessary, to take scientific measures to preserve those fish stocks at critical stages of life;", "Capacity-building", "Reaffirms once again the importance of States cooperating directly or, where appropriate, through the relevant subregional and regional organizations, as well as with other international organizations, including the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, through their fisheries code programmes, in order to enhance the capacity of developing countries to achieve the objectives set out in the present resolution and to take action required by the resolution, in accordance with the Agreement, the Agreement on Compliance and the Code and its relevant international action plans;7", "Welcomes the work of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to develop guidelines on strategies and measures necessary to create an environment conducive to small-scale fisheries, and encourages research to seek other viable means of livelihood for coastal communities;", "Encourages States, international financial institutions and relevant intergovernmental organizations and institutions to increase capacity-building assistance and technical assistance to fishermen in developing countries, especially small island developing States, in line with environmental sustainability, and to recognize that food security and livelihoods may require reliance on fisheries;", "Encourages the international community to increase the opportunities for sustainable development in developing countries, in particular least developed countries, small island developing States and African coastal States, and, in this regard, encourages them to participate more in fishing activities carried out within their jurisdiction, in accordance with the Convention, in order to enable developing countries to gain greater economic returns from their fisheries resources within their national jurisdictions, and to play a greater role in regional fisheries management and, in accordance with international law, in particular the Convention and the Agreement, to increase the capacity of developing countries to develop their fisheries and to participate in high seas fishing, including on the high seas;", "Invites distant ocean fishing States to act in a fair and sustainable manner when entering agreements and arrangements are negotiated with developing coastal States, taking into account the legitimate expectations that these countries benefit fully from the sustainable use of natural resources in their exclusive economic zones, to ensure that vessels flying the flag of distant ocean fishing countries comply with the laws and regulations established by developing coastal States, paying more attention to fish processing activities and fish processing facilities within the jurisdiction of developing coastal States, helping them benefit from the development of fisheries resources, and to transfer technology, taking into account Article 25 of the Agreement and Article 5 of the Code, in order to monitor and provide assistance to coastal States in the area;", "Encourages States, individually and through regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, to increase assistance to developing countries and to provide such assistance more uniformly in the drafting, formulation and implementation of agreements, instruments and instruments relating to the conservation and sustainable management of fish stocks, including the development and strengthening of their national fisheries regulatory policies and fisheries management policies in their respective regions or arrangements, and to utilize existing sources of funding, such as assistance funds established under Part VII of the Agreement, bilateral assistance, regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, fisheries codes programmes, World Bank fisheries programmes and the Global Environment Facility, to enhance scientific research capacity;", "Also encourages States to provide technical and financial support to developing countries to meet their special needs and challenges in implementing the Guidelines;", "Calls upon States to continue to engage in dialogue and to continue to provide assistance and cooperation in accordance with articles 24 to 26 of the Agreement in order to address the lack of capacity and resources that may impede the participation of developing countries in the Agreement in order to promote the ratification or accession of more States to the Agreement;", "Takes note with appreciation of the information compiled by the Secretariat on the capacity-building needs and assistance needs of developing countries in the conservation and management of transboundary fish stocks and highly migratory fish stocks and the sources of assistance available to them to meet such needs; [31]", "Encourages States, regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, as well as other relevant bodies, to assist developing countries in the actions required in paragraphs 80 and 83 to 87 of resolution 61/105 and paragraphs 113, 117 and 119 to 124 of resolution 6472;", "Urges States and regional economic integration organizations, individually and through regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements, to mainstream the efforts of developing countries, in particular least developed countries and small island developing States, in other relevant international development strategies, in order to strengthen international collaboration to enable them to develop national capacities for the use of fisheries resources and to fulfil their responsibilities in ensuring the conservation and management of those resources, and in this regard requests the Secretary-General to fully mobilize and coordinate the efforts of the agencies, funds and programmes of the United Nations system within their respective mandates, including at the regional economic commissions level;", "Invites States and regional fisheries management organizations to develop strategies to further assist developing countries, in particular the least developed countries and small island developing States, in achieving the full realization of the fishing of transboundary fish stocks and high levels of urbanization The interests of the cruise fish stocks and the strengthening of regional efforts aimed at the sustainable conservation and management of those stocks and the provision of relevant information thereon;", "Cooperation within the United Nations system", "Requests the relevant parts of the United Nations system, international financial institutions and donor agencies to support regional fisheries management organizations and their member States in their efforts to enhance their legal enforcement and compliance capacity;", "Invites the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to continue to implement cooperation arrangements with United Nations agencies for the implementation of the International Plan of Action and to focus on cooperation and coordination in the Secretary-General's report on this work for inclusion in the Secretary-General's annual report on sustainable fisheries;", "Activities of the Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea", "Appreciation of the report of the Secretary-General on actions taken by States and regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements in accordance with paragraphs 80 and 83 to 87 of General Assembly resolution 61/105 on sustainable fisheries and paragraphs 113 to 117 and 119 to 127 of resolution 6472, which describes the impact of bottom fishing on the long-term sustainability of vulnerable marine ecosystems and deep fish stocks, [32] reflects other activities of the Division to assist Member States with high standards;", "Requests the Secretary-General to continue to fulfil his responsibilities and functions under the Convention, the Agreement and relevant resolutions of the General Assembly and to ensure that the approved budget of the United Nations allocates adequate resources for the activities of the Division;", "Sixty-fourth session of the General Assembly", "Requests the Secretary-General to bring to the attention of all States, relevant intergovernmental organizations, organizations of the United Nations system and agencies, subregional and regional fisheries management organizations and relevant non-governmental organizations information on the implementation of the present resolution;", "Also requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session a report on sustainable fisheries through, inter alia, the 1995 Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks and related instruments, taking into account relevant specialized agencies, in particular the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, relevant organs, organizations and programmes of the United Nations system, for the conservation and management of transboundary fish stocks and highly migratory fish stocks. Subregional and regional organizations and arrangements for cruise fish stocks, information provided by other relevant intergovernmental bodies and non-governmental organizations, including, inter alia, the elements described in the relevant paragraphs of the present resolution;", "Takes note of the hope that informal consultations on the annual resolution on sustainable fisheries will further enhance their efficiency and further enhance effective participation by delegations, decides to hold a single round of informal consultations on the resolution in November for a period of six days, and invites States to submit to the Coordinator of the informal consultations, no later than four weeks prior to the commencement of consultations, a text proposal for inclusion in the resolution;", "Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session, under the item entitled “Oceans and the law of the sea”, the sub-item entitled “Oceans and the law of the sea”, “Sustainable fisheries through the 1995 Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks”, and to consider whether the biennial sub-item could be included in the future provisional agenda.", "6 December 2011", "76th plenary meeting", "United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1833, No. 31363.", "[2] Ibid., vol. 2167, No. 37924.", "[3] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, outcome of the Ministerial Conference on Fisheries, Rome, 12 March 2005 (CL 128/INF/11), appendix B.", "[4] International Fisheries Instruments, attached index (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.98.V.11), sect.", "[5] See Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Report of the twenty-ninth session of the Committee on Fisheries, Rome, 31 January-4 February 2011, FAO Fisheries and aquaculture report No. 973 (FIPI/R973 (C)).", "[6] Available from www.fao.org/corp/publications/zh.", "[7] Available from www.fao.org/fishery/publications/zh.", "[8] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2221, No. 39486.", "[9] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Report of the FAO General Assembly, thirty-sixth session, Rome, 18-23 November 2009 (C/2009/REP and Corr.3), appendix E.", "] Available from http://www.fao.org/docrep/015/i2296c/i2296c00.htm.", "[11] Available at www.fao.org/fishery/publications/technical-guidelines/zh.", "[12] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Report of the Technical Consultation Meeting on the Regulatory and Reduction of Fish Stocks, Rome, 6-10 December 2010, FAO Fisheries and aquaculture Report No. 957 (FIRO/R957 (C)), appendix E.", "[13] E/CN.17/2002/PC.2/3, annex.", "[14] See United Nations Environment Programme, document UNEP/CBD/COP/7/21, annex.", "[15] Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August-4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 2, annex.", "[16] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Report of the Committee on Fisheries on its twenty-fifth session, Rome, 24-28 February 2003, FAO Fisheries Report No. 702 (FIPL/R702 ( Chinese), appendix H.", "[17] See A/CONF.210/2006/15, annex.", "[18] See A/CONF.210 crown7, annex.", "[19] A/C.2/Corr, annex.", "[20] World Trade Organization, document WT/MIN(05)/DEC.", "[21] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Report of the Technical Consultation on Sea Turtle Conservation and Fisheries, Bangkok, Thailand, 29 November-2 December 2004, FAO Fisheries Report No. 765 (FIRM/R765 ( Chinese), appendix E.", "[22] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2258, No. 40228.", "Ibid., vol. 2221, No. 39489.", "[24] Ibid., vol. 1135, No. 17599.", "] Available from http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/i0445c/i0445c00.htm.", "[26] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Report of the Technical Consultation Meeting on the International Guidelines for the Management of Deep Fishing on the High seas, Rome, 4-8 February and 25-29 August 2008, FAO Fisheries and aquaculture report No. 881 (FIEP/R881 ( Chinese), appendix F.", "[27] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Report of the FAO workshop on “Implementing the International Guidelines for the Management of Deep Fishing on the High seas: Challenges and Ways forward”, Busan, Republic of Korea, 10-12 May 2010, FAO Fisheries and aquaculture report No. 948 (FIPI/R948 (en)).", "[28] See United Nations Environment Programme, document UNEP/CBD/COP/10/27, annex, decision X/2.", "[29] See A/51/116, annex II.", "[30] Available at www.fao.org/docrep/011/i0620e/i0620e00.htm.", "[31] www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreementements/fishstocksmeetings/compilation2009updated.pdf.", "[32] A/63/307." ]

[ "2011年12月9日大会决议", "[根据特别政治和非殖民化委员会（第四委员会）的报告(A/66/423)通过]", "66/69. 协助地雷行动", "大会，", "回顾其2009年12月10日第64/84号决议及其以往关于协助扫雷和协助地雷行动的所有决议，所有这些决议均未经表决获得通过，", "又回顾所有相关条约和公约[1] 及其审查进程，", "赞赏地注意到世界各地广泛纪念国际提高地雷意识和协助地雷行动日，", "重申深切关注地雷和战争遗留爆炸物[2] 的存在造成巨大的人道主义问题和发展问题，对受地雷和战争遗留爆炸物影响的国家的人口造成严重而持久的社会和经济后果，", "铭记地雷(水雷)和战争遗留爆炸物对当地平民和参加人道主义、维持和平、复原和扫雷方案及行动的人员的安全、健康和生命构成严重威胁，", "深感震惊地注意到每年仍然布设的地雷数目，地雷和战争遗留爆炸物虽然在减少，但由于武装冲突之故，它们仍然大量存在，雷患区面积仍然很大，因此仍然深信国际社会的当务之急是加大地雷行动力度，以期尽快消除地雷和战争遗留爆炸物对平民造成的威胁，", "认识到在协助地雷行动领域，除了各国起主要作用外，联合国也可以通过联合国地雷行动工作队，[3] 包括联合国地雷行动处发挥重大作用，认为地雷行动是联合国人道主义和发展活动的一个重要组成部分，并注意到地雷行动已被纳入联合国多项维持和平行动，", "赞赏地注意到联合国地雷行动工作队通过地雷行动委员会会议[4] 与非政府组织和其他利益攸关方加强合作，其积极参与人道主义协调机制亦获进展，", "认识到包括联合国人员和维持和平人员在内的国家和国际地雷行动工作者在地雷行动方面作出宝贵努力,使地方社区能够恢复正常生活，并使它们能够通过重新使用以前被污染的土地重新操持生计，", "强调指出迫切需要敦促非国家行为方立即无条件停止布设新的地雷、简易爆炸装置及其他相关爆炸装置，", "注意到正在努力拟订一项新的2011-2015年《联合国机构间地雷行动战略》，", "1. 表示注意到秘书长关于协助地雷行动的报告；[5]", "2. 特别吁请各国在联合国和参加地雷行动相关组织的协助下继续酌情开展工作，在地雷和战争遗留爆炸物严重威胁当地平民的安全、健康与生命或有碍国家和地方各级社会和经济发展努力的国家，促进建立和发展国家地雷行动能力；", "3. 敦促所有国家、特别是在这方面有能力的国家以及联合国系统和参与地雷行动的有关组织和机构酌情在以下方面向雷患国家和领土提供支助：", "(a) 帮助受地雷和战争遗留爆炸物影响的国家建立和发展国家地雷行动能力，包括在酌情履行雷患国相关国际义务方面；", "(b) 与联合国系统的有关机构以及相关的区域组织、政府组织和非政府组织合作，酌情支持国家方案，以减少地雷和战争遗留爆炸物造成的危险，同时考虑到妇女、女孩、男孩和男人的不同需要；", "(c) 为地雷行动的各项活动作出可靠、可预测和及时的贡献，包括开展与国家地雷行动有关的工作,实施非政府组织的地雷行动方案，包括与援助受害者和雷险教育有关的方案，尤其是在地方一级，以及利用有关的国家、区域和全球信托基金，包括协助地雷行动自愿信托基金；", "(d) 提供必要的信息及技术、财政和物质援助，以便依照国际法尽快将雷场、地雷、诱杀装置、其他装置和战争遗留爆炸物找出来，予以清除、销毁，或以其他方法使其失效；", "(e) 提供技术援助：㈠ 援助受地雷和战争遗留爆炸物影响的国家；㈡ 促进对有效、可持续、适当和无害环境的地雷行动技巧和技术进行面向用户的科学研究和开发工作；", "4. 鼓励努力按照《国际地雷行动标准》或符合《国际地雷行动标准》的国家标准开展地雷行动的所有活动，强调须采用信息管理系统，如地雷行动信息管理系统，来帮助促进地雷行动的各项活动；", "5. 敦促所有雷患国家根据可适用的国际法，酌情以尽可能有效的方式查明在其管辖或控制范围内布设地雷和其他战争遗留爆炸物的所有地区，并采用土地释放办法，包括酌情开展非技术性调查、技术调查和扫雷；", "6. 鼓励雷患国家酌情在有关发展伙伴支持下积极主动地把地雷行动和援助受害者方面的需要纳入发展计划和进程的主流，以确保发展优先事项包括地雷行动，确保地雷行动得到可预测的资金；", "7. 鼓励所有有关多边、区域和国家方案及机构酌情将包括扫雷在内的地雷行动有关活动纳入其人道主义、复原、重建和发展援助活动，同时铭记要确保国家和地方自主、可持续性和能力建设，并在这类活动的所有方面纳入两性平等和适合年龄的观点；", "8. 鼓励会员国和参与地雷行动的相关组织继续努力确保地雷行动方案敏感对待性别和年龄，以便使妇女、女孩、男孩和男人平等从中获益，并鼓励所有利益攸关方参与地雷行动的规划；", "9. 强调指出在地雷行动中合作与协调的重要性，强调国家当局在这方面负有首要责任，又强调指出联合国和其他有关组织在这方面的支助作用，期待联合检查组按照第64/84号决议的要求即将完成的对联合国地雷行动工作的规模、组织、实效和办法的评价；", "10. 认识到鉴于地雷行动有可能成为有关各方在冲突后局势中建设和平与建立信任的措施，必须酌情在停火协定与和平协定中明确提及地雷行动；", "11. 请秘书长向大会第六十八届会议提交一份报告，说明本决议的执行情况以及关于协助扫雷和协助地雷行动的历项决议的后续行动，包括联合国的相关政策和活动，以及联合检查组对联合国地雷行动工作的规模、组织、实效和办法的评价；", "12. 决定将题为“协助地雷行动”的项目列入大会第六十八届会议临时议程。", "2011年12月9日", "第81次全体会议", "[1] 其中包括：1997年《关于禁止使用、储存、生产和转让杀伤人员地雷及销毁此种地雷的公约》；1996年修订的《禁止或限制使用地雷、诱杀装置和其他装置的议定书》(1980年《禁止或限制使用某些可被认为具有过分伤害力或滥杀滥伤作用的常规武器公约》的第二议定书)；2003年《战争遗留爆炸物议定书》(1980年公约的第五议定书)；2008年《集束弹公约》；1949年8月12日《日内瓦四公约》关于保护国际性武装冲突受难者的1977年附加议定书(第一议定书)；以及2006年《残疾人权利公约》。", "[2] 根据《禁止或限制使用某些可被认为具有过分伤害力或滥杀滥伤作用的常规武器公约》第五议定书的定义。", "[3] 包括维持和平行动部、联合国地雷行动处、裁军事务厅、联合国开发计划署、联合国儿童基金会、联合国项目事务厅、联合国粮食及农业组织、人道主义事务协调厅、联合国促进性别平等和增强妇女权能署(妇女署)、联合国人权事务高级专员办事处、联合国难民事务高级专员办事处、世界粮食计划署、世界卫生组织和世界银行。", "[4] 地雷行动委员会是非正式的信息交流论坛，其成员有联合国地雷行动工作队、参与扫雷工作的非政府组织、红十字国际委员会、日内瓦国际人道主义排雷中心和学术机构。", "[5] A/66/292。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/66/423)]", "66/69. Assistance in mine action", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 64/84 of 10 December 2009 and all its previous resolutions on assistance in mine clearance and on assistance in mine action, all adopted without a vote,", "Recalling also all relevant treaties and conventions[1] and their review processes,", "Noting with appreciation the extent to which the International Day for Mine Awareness and Assistance in Mine Action has been commemorated worldwide,", "Reaffirming its deep concern at the tremendous humanitarian and development problems caused by the presence of mines and explosive remnants of war,[2] which have serious and lasting social and economic consequences for the populations of countries affected by them,", "Bearing in mind the serious threat that mines and explosive remnants of war pose to the safety, health and lives of local civilian populations, as well as of personnel participating in humanitarian, peacekeeping, rehabilitation and mine-clearance programmes and operations,", "Deeply alarmed by the number of mines that continue to be laid each year as well as the presence of a decreasing but still very large number of, and area of square kilometres infested by, mines and explosive remnants of war as a result of armed conflicts, and therefore remaining convinced of the necessity and urgency of strengthening mine-action efforts by the international community with a view to eliminating the threat of landmines and explosive remnants of war to civilians as soon as possible,", "Recognizing that, in addition to the primary role of States, the United Nations has a significant role to play in the field of assistance in mine action through the United Nations Mine Action Team,[3] including the United Nations Mine Action Service, and considering mine action to be an important and integrated component of United Nations humanitarian and development activities, as well as noting the integration of mine action in numerous United Nations peacekeeping operations,", "Noting with appreciation the enhanced cooperation of the United Nations Mine Action Team with non-governmental organizations and other stakeholders through meetings of the Committee on Mine Action,[4] and progress in active involvement in the humanitarian coordination mechanism,", "Recognizing the valuable mine-action efforts of national and international mine-action practitioners, including United Nations personnel and peacekeepers, enabling local communities to resume normal lives and reclaim their livelihoods by regaining access to previously contaminated lands,", "Stressing the pressing need to urge non-State actors to halt immediately and unconditionally new deployments of mines, improvised explosive devices and other associated explosive devices,", "Noting the ongoing efforts to develop a new United Nations Inter-Agency Mine Action Strategy for the period 2011–2015,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on assistance in mine action;[5]", "2. Calls, in particular, for the continuation of the efforts of States, with the assistance of the United Nations and relevant organizations involved in mine action, as appropriate, to foster the establishment and development of national mine-action capacities in countries in which mines and explosive remnants of war constitute a serious threat to the safety, health and lives of the local civilian population or an impediment to social and economic development efforts at the national and local levels;", "3. Urges all States, in particular those that have the capacity to do so, as well as the United Nations system and other relevant organizations and institutions involved in mine action, to support mine-affected States and territories, as appropriate, by providing:", "(a) Assistance to countries affected by mines and explosive remnants of war for the establishment and development of national mine-action capacities, including, where appropriate, in the fulfilment of the relevant international obligations of those countries;", "(b) Support for national programmes, where appropriate, in cooperation with the relevant bodies of the United Nations system and relevant regional, governmental and non-governmental organizations, to reduce the risks posed by landmines and explosive remnants of war, taking into consideration the different needs of women, girls, boys and men;", "(c) Reliable, predictable and timely contributions for mine-action activities, including through national mine-action efforts and mine-action programmes of non‑governmental organizations, including those relating to victim assistance and mine risk education, especially at the local level, as well as through relevant national, regional and global trust funds, including the Voluntary Trust Fund for Assistance in Mine Action;", "(d) Necessary information and technical, financial and material assistance to locate, remove, destroy and otherwise render ineffective minefields, mines, booby traps, other devices and explosive remnants of war, in accordance with international law, as soon as possible;", "(e) Technological assistance (i) to countries affected by mines and explosive remnants of war; and (ii) to promote user-oriented scientific research on and development of mine-action techniques and technology that are effective, sustainable, appropriate and environmentally sound;", "4. Encourages efforts to conduct all mine-action activities in accordance with the International Mine Action Standards (IMAS) or IMAS-compliant national standards, and emphasizes the importance of using an information management system, such as the Information Management System for Mine Action, to help facilitate mine-action activities;", "5. Urges all mine-affected States, pursuant to applicable international law, to identify all areas, as appropriate, under their jurisdiction or control containing mines and other explosive remnants of war in the most efficient manner possible and to employ land release techniques, including non-technical survey, technical survey and clearance when appropriate;", "6. Encourages mine-affected States, with support from relevant development partners as appropriate, to proactively mainstream mine action and victim assistance requirements into development plans and processes to ensure that development priorities include mine action and that mine action is predictably funded;", "7. Encourages all relevant multilateral, regional and national programmes and bodies to include activities related to mine action, including clearance, in their humanitarian, rehabilitation, reconstruction and development assistance activities, where appropriate, bearing in mind the need to ensure national and local ownership, sustainability and capacity-building, as well as to include a gender and age-appropriate perspective in all aspects of such activities;", "8. Encourages Member States, as appropriate, and relevant organizations involved in mine action to continue efforts to ensure that mine-action programmes are gender- and age-sensitive, so that women, girls, boys and men can benefit equally from them, and encourages the participation of all stakeholders in the programming of mine action;", "9. Stresses the importance of cooperation and coordination in mine action, and emphasizes the primary responsibility of national authorities in that regard, also stresses the supporting role of the United Nations and other relevant organizations in that regard, and looks forward to the imminent completion of the evaluation by the Joint Inspection Unit of the scope, organization, effectiveness and approach of the work of the United Nations in mine action, as requested in its resolution 64/84;", "10. Recognizes the importance of explicitly incorporating references to mine action, when appropriate, in ceasefire and peace agreements in the light of the potential that mine action can have as a peace and confidence-building measure in post-conflict situations among the parties concerned;", "11. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-eighth session a report on the implementation of the present resolution and on follow-up to previous resolutions on assistance in mine clearance and on assistance in mine action, including on relevant United Nations policies and activities as well as in regard to the evaluation by the Joint Inspection Unit of the scope, organization, effectiveness and approach of the work of the United Nations in mine action;", "12. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-eighth session the item entitled “Assistance in mine action”.", "81st plenary meeting 9 December 2011", "[1]  These include the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-personnel Mines and on Their Destruction, 1997; the Protocol on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Mines, Booby Traps and Other Devices, as amended in 1996 (Protocol II to the 1980 Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects); the Protocol on Explosive Remnants of War, 2003 (Protocol V to the 1980 Convention); the Convention on Cluster Munitions, 2008; the Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 1977; and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, 2006.", "[2]  As defined by Protocol V to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects.", "[3]  Consisting of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations, the United Nations Mine Action Service, the Office for Disarmament Affairs, the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Children’s Fund, the United Nations Office for Project Services, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN‑Women), the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the World Food Programme, the World Health Organization and the World Bank.", "[4]  The Committee on Mine Action is an informal information-sharing forum. The members are United Nations Mine Action Team members, non-governmental organizations involved in mine action, the International Committee of the Red Cross, Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining and academic institutions.", "[5]  A/66/292." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/64/423)]", "Assistance in mine action", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 6484 of 10 December 2009 and all its previous resolutions on assistance in mine clearance and mine action, all of which were adopted without a vote,", "Recalling also all relevant treaties and conventions and their review processes,", "Noting with appreciation the wide observance worldwide of the International Day of Mine Awareness and Assistance in Mine Action,", "Reiterating its deep concern at the existence of landmines and explosive remnants of war [2] resulting in enormous humanitarian problems and development issues, which have serious and lasting social and economic consequences for the population of countries affected by landmines and explosive remnants of war,", "Bearing in mind that landmines (water mines) and explosive remnants of war pose a serious threat to the safety, health and life of local civilians and to the participation of humanitarian, peacekeeping, rehabilitation and clearance programmes and operations,", "Deeply alarmed at the number of mines still in place each year, while the decrease in landmines and explosive remnants of war, which, owing to armed conflict, remain large, the area of mine-affected areas remains high, and therefore convinced that the international community's urgent priority is to increase mine action with a view to eliminating the threat posed by landmines and explosive remnants of war against civilians as soon as possible,", "Recognizing that, in assisting in the area of mine action, the United Nations could also play a significant role through the United Nations Mine Action Task Force, [3] including the United Nations Mine Action Service, in view of the important component of United Nations humanitarian and development activities, and noting that mine action has been integrated into a number of United Nations peacekeeping operations,", "Noting with appreciation the enhanced cooperation of the United Nations Mine Action Task Force through the Committee on Mine Action [4] with non-governmental organizations and other stakeholders, and its active participation in the humanitarian coordination mechanism,", "Recognizing that national and international mine action practitioners, including United Nations personnel and peacekeepers, make valuable efforts in mine action to enable local communities to resume their normal lives and to enable them to re-establish their livelihoods through the reuse of previously contaminated land,", "Stressing the urgent need to urge non-State actors to cease immediately and unconditionally the construction of new mines, improvised explosive devices and other related explosive devices,", "Noting the ongoing efforts to develop a new United Nations Inter-Agency Mine Action Strategy 2011-2015,", "Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on assistance in mine action; [5]", "Calls upon States, in particular, to continue to work, as appropriate, with the assistance of the United Nations and participating in mine action-related organizations, to promote the establishment and development of national mine action capacities in countries where mines and explosive remnants of war pose a serious threat to the safety, health and life of local civilians or hamper national and local social and economic development efforts;", "Urges all States, in particular those in a position to do so, as well as the United Nations system and relevant organizations and agencies involved in mine action, to provide support to mine-affected countries and territories, as appropriate:", "(a) To assist States affected by landmines and explosive remnants of war to build and develop national mine action capacities, including in the implementation of relevant international obligations of mine-affected countries, as appropriate;", "(b) In cooperation with relevant bodies of the United Nations system and relevant regional organizations, governmental organizations and non-governmental organizations, support national programmes, as appropriate, to reduce the risk posed by landmines and explosive remnants of war, taking into account the different needs of women, girls, boys and men;", "(c) Make reliable, predictable and timely contributions to mine action activities, including through national mine action-related efforts, the implementation of non-governmental organization mine action programmes, including those related to victim assistance and mine-risk education, particularly at the local level, and the use of relevant national, regional and global trust funds, including the voluntary trust fund for assistance in mine action;", "(d) Provide the necessary information and technical, financial and material assistance to identify minefields, mines, booby traps, other devices and explosive remnants of war as soon as possible in accordance with international law, to clear, destroy or otherwise render them ineffective;", "(e) Technical assistance: (i) assistance to countries affected by landmines and explosive remnants of war; (ii) promotion of user-oriented scientific research and development of effective, sustainable, appropriate and environmentally sound mine action techniques and technologies;", "Encourages efforts to implement all mine action activities in accordance with the International Mine Action Standards or in compliance with national standards of the International Mine Action Standards, and stresses the importance of adopting information management systems, such as the information management system for mine action, to help facilitate mine action activities;", "Urges all mine-affected States, in accordance with applicable international law, to identify, as effectively as possible, all areas where mines and other explosive remnants of war are located within their jurisdiction or control, and to apply land release methods, including, where appropriate, non-technical investigations, technical investigations and clearance;", "Encourages mine-affected countries to mainstream, as appropriate, the needs of mine action and assistance victims in development plans and processes, with the support of development partners, in order to ensure that development priorities include mine action and ensure predictable funding for mine action;", "Encourages all relevant multilateral, regional and national programmes and institutions, where appropriate, to include mine clearance-related activities in their humanitarian, recovery, reconstruction and development assistance activities, bearing in mind the need to ensure national and local ownership, sustainability and capacity-building, and to integrate gender equality and age-appropriate perspectives into all aspects of such activities;", "Encourages Member States and relevant organizations involved in mine action to continue their efforts to ensure that mine action programmes are gender- and age-sensitive in order to benefit women, girls, boys and men equally, and encourages all stakeholders to participate in mine action planning;", "Stresses the importance of cooperation and coordination in mine action, stresses the primary responsibility of national authorities in this regard, and stresses the support role of the United Nations and other relevant organizations in this regard, and looks forward to the forthcoming evaluation by the Joint Inspection Unit of the scale, organization, effectiveness and approach to United Nations mine action, as requested in resolution 6484;", "Recognizes that, given that mine action is likely to be a peacebuilding and confidence-building measure by all parties involved in post-conflict situations, clear references to mine action must be made, as appropriate, in the Ceasefire Agreement and peace agreements;", "Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-eighth session a report on the implementation of the present resolution and follow-up to previous resolutions on assistance in mine clearance and mine action, including relevant policies and activities of the United Nations, as well as the evaluation by the Joint Inspection Unit of the scale, organization, effectiveness and approach to the work of the United Nations in mine action;", "Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-eighth session the item entitled “Asssistance in mine action”.", "9 December 2011", "81st plenary meeting", "This includes: the 1997 Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction; the Protocol on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Mines, Booby-Times and Other Devices, as amended in 1996 (Protocol II to the 1980 Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects); the Protocol on Explosives of Certain Conventional Weapons of 2003 (Protocol V to the 1980 Convention); the Convention on Cluster Munitions, 2008; the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949; and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, 2006.", "[2] Definitions under Protocol V to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects.", "[3] Includes the Department of Peacekeeping Operations, the United Nations Mine Action Service, the Office for Disarmament Affairs, the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Children's Fund, the United Nations Office for Project Services, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, the United Nations Office for the Promotion of Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (continued), the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, the World Food Programme, the World Health Organization and the World Bank.", "[4] The Committee on Mine Action is an informal information exchange forum with members of the United Nations Mine Action Task Force, non-governmental organizations involved in mine clearance, the International Committee of the Red Cross, the Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining and academic institutions.", "[5] A/66/292." ]

[ "2011年12月9日大会决议", "[根据特别政治和非殖民化委员会（第四委员会）的报告(A/66/424)通过]", "66/70. 原子辐射的影响", "大会，", "回顾其关于设立联合国原子辐射影响问题科学委员会的1955年12月3日第913(X)号决议，及其后关于这个问题的各项决议，其中除其他外，请科学委员会继续进行其工作，", "关切人类和环境所受的辐射量对今世后代的潜在有害影响，", "意识到继续需要研究和编写关于原子辐射和电离辐射的信息并分析其对人类和环境的影响，又意识到该信息数量增加，变得更加复杂和多样，", "认识到各方因2011年3月日本地震和海啸后引发了福岛第一核电站事故而对事故一旦发生后的放射性后果表示关切，", "回顾切尔诺贝利核事故发生二十五周年，", "又回顾2011年9月22日在纽约举行了核安全和核保安问题高级别会议，", "还回顾秘书长请大会向科学委员会提供完成其任务所需的能力和资源，[1]", "重申科学委员会宜于继续进行其工作，并欣见科学委员会成员国增加了承诺，", "强调亟需为科学委员会秘书处的工作提供充足、有保证和可预测的资金并进行高效率的管理，对电离辐射源及其对人类健康和环境的影响进行科学审查，并据此安排年度会议和协调文件编制，", "回顾其2010年12月10日第65/96号决议序言部分第10段，并赞赏地注意到科学委员会秘书处新设P-4员额已获填补，", "确认科学委员会进行的科学工作的重要性与日俱增，并需要为应付日本核事故等情况开展未曾料及的额外工作，", "又确认向联合国环境规划署执行主任设立的普通信托基金提供自愿捐款以支持科学委员会工作的重要性，", "认为科学委员会的高质量工作必须在今后得到维持，", "确认传播科学委员会工作成果和广泛宣传关于原子辐射的科学知识的重要性，在此方面回顾《关于环境与发展的里约宣言》原则10，[2]", "认识到白俄罗斯、芬兰、巴基斯坦、大韩民国、西班牙和乌克兰依照大会2006年12月14日第61/109号决议第14段的规定，将它们希望成为科学委员会成员的意愿在2007年2月28日以前告知了大会主席，", "欣见白俄罗斯、芬兰、巴基斯坦、大韩民国、西班牙和乌克兰作为观察员出席了科学委员会第五十六、五十七和五十八届会议，", "1. 赞扬联合国原子辐射影响问题科学委员会自成立以来，为扩大对电离辐射量、影响和危险的了解和认识作出了宝贵贡献，并以科学权威的地位和独立判断的态度履行其原定任务；", "2. 重申决定维持科学委员会的现有职能和独立作用；", "3. 赞赏地注意到科学委员会的工作，并注意到委员会第五十八届会议的报告；[3]", "4. 请科学委员会继续进行其工作，包括进行重要的活动，以增加对一切来源之电离辐射量、影响和危险的认识，并就此向大会第六十七届会议提出报告；", "5. 赞同科学委员会的意向和计划，以实施其为大会进行科学审查和评估的工作方案，特别科学委员会关于全面评估日本东部大地震和海啸引发事故的辐照量和辐射风险的决定，吁请科学委员会将大会要求编写的关于评估辐照对健康造成的影响的报告提交大会第六十七届会议，[4] 鼓励科学委员会尽早提交其他相关报告，包括评估能源生产产生的电离辐射量及其对人类健康和环境的影响，并请科学委员会向大会第六十七届会议提交当前和今后的工作方案计划；", "6. 吁请秘书处为及时出版科学委员会的报告提供便利，尤其是继续按需精简内部程序，并设法在报告获准出版的同一历年出版这些报告；", "7. 再次强调科学委员会有必要每年举行常会，使其报告能够反映出电离辐射领域的最新发展和调研结果，从而将最新信息分发给所有国家；", "8. 邀请科学委员会今后在编写科学报告过程中继续同有关会员国的科学家和专家协商，并请秘书处为这些协商提供便利；", "9. 在这方面欣见会员国愿意将电离辐射量和影响的有关信息提供给科学委员会，并邀请科学委员会特别参照自己的调研结果，分析和适当注意这方面信息；", "10. 又欣见科学委员会的改进数据收集战略，在这方面鼓励各会员国、联合国系统各组织和有关非政府组织进一步提供关于各种来源辐射的剂量、影响和危险的相关数据，这对科学委员会今后编写提交大会的报告大有帮助，还鼓励国际原子能机构、世界卫生组织和其他相关组织与秘书处作出安排和进行协调，定期收集和交换关于工人、公众特别是病人所受辐照的数据；", "11. 请联合国环境规划署继续提供并酌情加强支助，使科学委员会能有效地进行工作，并向大会、科学界和公众传播其调研结果；", "12. 促请联合国环境规划署依照大会第65/96号决议第11段继续加强对科学委员会的供资；", "13. 鼓励会员国向联合国环境规划署执行主任设立的普通信托基金提供自愿捐助，并且提供实物捐助，以支持科学委员会的工作；", "14. 表示注意到秘书长关于马绍尔群岛原子辐射的影响的报告；[5]", "15. 又表示注意到秘书长关于确定科学委员会如何组成方能最好地支助其基本工作的客观标准和指标以及增加成员所涉经费问题的报告；[6]", "16. 决定将科学委员会成员从21国增加到27国，但有一项谅解，即在2012-2013两年期成员增加应在现有资源内为之，并请秘书处和会员国以最有效的方式利用为科学委员会工作分配的预算和会议时间，尽可能避免因成员增加而在以后引起追加预算的问题；", "17. 邀请白俄罗斯、芬兰、巴基斯坦、大韩民国、西班牙和乌克兰成为科学委员会成员，并请其中的每一国政府指定一名科学家为其出席委员会的代表，并酌情指定副手和咨询人；", "18. 请秘书长向大会第六十九届会议提交一份报告，介绍科学委员会成员扩充到27国后在效率、工作质量和公平地域分配方面的经验，以及说明若要确定进一步扩充成员的程序有着哪些备选方案；", "19. 决定接下来在其第七十二届会议上考虑到秘书长在第六十六届至第七十二届会议之间收到的有意加入为成员的新的表示，大会以往的各项决议，并酌情考虑到秘书长关于科学委员会的所有报告，以及公平地域分配原则和确保科学委员会工作效率和质量的必要性，考虑对增加科学委员会成员的可能性进行审查，以便在第七十三届会议上确定可能进一步增加成员的程序，并请秘书长将此程序及时告知所有会员国。", "2011年12月9日", "第81次全体会议", "[1] 见A/C.4/66/8，附件，第27(b)段。", "[2] 《联合国环境与发展会议的报告，1992年6月3日至14日，里约热内卢》，第一卷，《环发会议通过的决议》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.93.I.8和更正)，决议1，附件一。", "[3] 《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第46号》(A/66/46)。", "[4] 见第62/100号决议，第6段。", "[5] A/66/378。", "[6] A/66/524。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/66/424)]", "66/70. Effects of atomic radiation", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 913 (X) of 3 December 1955, by which it established the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, and its subsequent resolutions on the subject, in which, inter alia, it requested the Scientific Committee to continue its work,", "Concerned about the potentially harmful effects on present and future generations resulting from the levels of radiation to which mankind and the environment are exposed,", "Conscious of the continuing need to examine and compile information about atomic and ionizing radiation and to analyse its effects on mankind and the environment, and conscious also of the increased volume, complexity and diversity of that information,", "Acknowledging the concerns about the radiological consequences of an accident which were raised by the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station following the March 2011 earthquake and tsunami in Japan,", "Recalling the twenty-fifth anniversary of the nuclear accident at Chernobyl,", "Recalling also the High-level Meeting on Nuclear Safety and Security convened in New York on 22 September 2011,", "Recalling further that the Secretary-General invited the General Assembly to provide the Scientific Committee with the necessary capacity and resources to accomplish its tasks,[1]", "Reaffirming the desirability of the Scientific Committee continuing its work, and welcoming the increased commitment of States members of the Scientific Committee,", "Emphasizing the vital need for sufficient, assured and predictable funding, as well as efficient management, of the work of the secretariat of the Scientific Committee to arrange the annual sessions and coordinate the development of documents based on scientific reviews of the sources of ionizing radiation and its effects on human health and the environment,", "Recalling the tenth preambular paragraph of its resolution 65/96 of 10 December 2010, and noting with appreciation that the new P‑4 post for the secretariat of the Scientific Committee has been filled,", "Recognizing the increasing importance of the scientific work of the Scientific Committee and the need to carry out unforeseen additional work in cases such as the nuclear accident in Japan,", "Recognizing also the importance of voluntary contributions to the general trust fund established by the Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Programme to support the work of the Scientific Committee,", "Considering that the high quality of the work of the Scientific Committee needs to be maintained in the future,", "Recognizing the importance of disseminating results from the work of the Scientific Committee and widely publicizing scientific knowledge about atomic radiation, and recalling, in that context, principle 10 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development,[2]", "Acknowledging that Belarus, Finland, Pakistan, the Republic of Korea, Spain and Ukraine had informed the President of the General Assembly before 28 February 2007, in accordance with paragraph 14 of Assembly resolution 61/109 of 14 December 2006, of their desire to become members of the Scientific Committee,", "Welcoming the attendance of Belarus, Finland, Pakistan, the Republic of Korea, Spain and Ukraine as observers at the fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh and fifty-eighth sessions of the Scientific Committee,", "1. Commends the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation for the valuable contribution it has been making since its inception to wider knowledge and understanding of the levels, effects and risks of ionizing radiation, and for fulfilling its original mandate with scientific authority and independence of judgement;", "2. Reaffirms the decision to maintain the present functions and independent role of the Scientific Committee;", "3. Takes note with appreciation of the work of the Scientific Committee and notes the report on its fifty-eighth session;[3]", "4. Requests the Scientific Committee to continue its work, including its important activities to increase knowledge of the levels, effects and risks of ionizing radiation from all sources, and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "5. Endorses the intentions and plans of the Scientific Committee for conducting its programme of work of scientific review and assessment on behalf of the General Assembly, in particular its decision to conduct a full assessment of the levels of exposure and radiation risks attributable to the accident following the great east-Japan earthquake and tsunami, calls upon the Scientific Committee to submit to the Assembly at its sixty-seventh session the report requested by the Assembly on the attributability of health effects from radiation exposure,[4] encourages the Scientific Committee at its earliest convenience to submit the other related reports, including on assessments of levels of ionizing radiation from electrical energy production, as well as on the effects on human health and the environment, and requests the Scientific Committee to submit plans for its ongoing and future programme of work to the Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "6. Calls upon the Secretariat to facilitate the timely publication of the reports of the Scientific Committee, inter alia, by continuing to streamline internal procedures as necessary, and to strive to publish the reports within the same calendar year as their approval;", "7. Re-emphasizes the need for the Scientific Committee to hold regular sessions on an annual basis so that its report can reflect the latest developments and findings in the field of ionizing radiation and thereby provide updated information for dissemination among all States;", "8. Invites the Scientific Committee to continue its consultations with scientists and experts from interested Member States in the process of preparing its future scientific reports, and requests the Secretariat to facilitate such consultations;", "9. Welcomes, in this context, the readiness of Member States to provide the Scientific Committee with relevant information on the levels and effects of ionizing radiation, and invites the Scientific Committee to analyse and give due consideration to such information, particularly in the light of its own findings;", "10. Also welcomes the strategy of the Scientific Committee to improve data collection, encourages in this regard Member States, the organizations of the United Nations system and non-governmental organizations concerned to provide further relevant data about doses, effects and risks from various sources of radiation, which would greatly help in the preparation of future reports of the Scientific Committee to the General Assembly, and further encourages the International Atomic Energy Agency, the World Health Organization and other relevant organizations to establish and coordinate with the Secretariat the arrangements for periodic collection and exchange of data on radiation exposures of workers, the general public, and, in particular, medical patients;", "11. Requests the United Nations Environment Programme to continue and strengthen, as appropriate, support for the effective conduct of the work of the Scientific Committee and for the dissemination of its findings to the General Assembly, the scientific community and the public;", "12. Urges the United Nations Environment Programme to continue to strengthen the funding of the Scientific Committee, pursuant to paragraph 11 of General Assembly resolution 65/96;", "13. Encourages Member States to make voluntary contributions to the general trust fund established by the Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Programme and also to make contributions in kind in order to support the work of the Scientific Committee;", "14. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General regarding the effects of atomic radiation in the Marshall Islands;[5]", "15. Also takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the objective criteria and indicators to determine membership that would best support the essential work of the Scientific Committee and the financial implications of increased membership;[6]", "16. Decides to increase the membership of the Scientific Committee from twenty-one to twenty-seven States, on the understanding that the increase in membership can be achieved from within existing resources for the biennium 2012–2013, and requests the Secretariat and Member States to use the budget and the meeting time allocated to the work of the Scientific Committee in the most efficient manner in order to best avoid additional budgetary implications of the increased membership in the future;", "17. Invites Belarus, Finland, Pakistan, the Republic of Korea, Spain and Ukraine to become members of the Scientific Committee, and requests the Government of each of those States to designate one scientist, with alternates and consultants, as appropriate, to be its representative in the Committee;", "18. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-ninth session on the experience of the increase in the membership of the Scientific Committee to twenty-seven States regarding its effectiveness, quality of work and equitable geographical distribution, as well as on options for further increase procedures;", "19. Decides to next consider reviewing the possible increase in the membership of the Scientific Committee at its seventy-second session, taking into account new expressions of interest in membership received by the Secretary-General between the sixty-sixth and seventy-second sessions of the General Assembly, all previous resolutions of the Assembly and, as appropriate, all relevant reports of the Secretary-General on the Scientific Committee as well as the principle of equitable geographical distribution and the need to ensure the effectiveness and the quality of work of the Scientific Committee, with a view to establishing a procedure at the seventy-third session for the possible further increase in the membership, and requests the Secretary-General to duly inform all Member States about this procedure.", "81st plenary meeting 9 December 2011", "[1]  See A/C.4/66/8, annex, para. 27 (b).", "[2]  Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3–14 June 1992, vol. I, Resolutions Adopted by the Conference (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.93.I.8 and corrigendum), resolution 1, annex I.", "[3]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 46 (A/66/46).", "[4]  See resolution 62/100, para. 6.", "[5]  A/66/378.", "[6]  A/66/524." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/66/424)]", "Effects of atomic radiation", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 913 (X) of 3 December 1955, establishing the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, and its subsequent resolutions on this issue, in which it requested, inter alia, the Scientific Committee to continue its work,", "Concerned about the potential harmful effects of radiation on present and future generations of mankind and the environment,", "Aware of the continuing need for research and the preparation of information on atomic radiation and ionizing radiation and analysing their human and environmental impacts, and aware of the increased number of information, which is more complex and diverse,", "Recognizing the concern expressed by the parties regarding the radiation consequences of the accident as soon as the incident occurred, as a result of the Japanese earthquake and the tsunami in March 2011,", "Recalling the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Chernobyl nuclear accident,", "Recalling also the high-level meeting on nuclear safety and security held in New York on 22 September 2011,", "Recalling also that the Secretary-General requests the General Assembly to provide the Scientific Committee with the necessary capacity and resources to fulfil its mandate,", "Reaffirming the desirability of continuing the work of the Scientific Committee, and welcoming the increased commitment of the member States of the Scientific Committee,", "Emphasizing the urgent need for adequate, assured and predictable funding and efficient management of the work of the secretariat of the Scientific Committee to conduct scientific reviews of the sources of ionizing radiation and their impact on human health and the environment, and accordingly, to organize annual meetings and coordinate the preparation of documentation,", "Recalling its tenth preambular paragraph of its resolution 65/96 of 10 December 2010, and noting with appreciation that the new P-4 post of the secretariat of the Scientific Committee has been filled,", "Recognizing that the importance of scientific work carried out by the Scientific Committee is growing and that additional work has not been carried out in response to Japan nuclear accidents,", "Recognizing also the importance of voluntary contributions to the general trust fund established by the Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Programme in support of the work of the Scientific Committee,", "Considers that the quality of the work of the Scientific Committee must be sustained in the future,", "Recognizing the importance of disseminating the work of the Scientific Committee and the wide dissemination of scientific knowledge on atomic radiation, and in this regard recalling Principle 10 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, [2]", "Recognizing that Belarus, Finland, Pakistan, the Republic of Korea, Spain and Ukraine, in accordance with paragraph 14 of General Assembly resolution 61/109 of 14 December 2006, communicated to the President of the General Assembly their wish to become members of the Scientific Committee by 28 February 2007,", "Welcoming the participation of Belarus, Finland, Pakistan, the Republic of Korea, Spain and Ukraine as observers in the fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh and fifty-eighth sessions of the Scientific Committee,", "Commends the establishment of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation for its valuable contribution to the expansion of knowledge and awareness of ionizing radiation, impacts and dangers, and for the fulfilment of its original mandate in a manner consistent with the status and independence of scientific authority;", "Reaffirms its decision to maintain the functioning and independent role of the Scientific Committee;", "Takes note with appreciation of the work of the Scientific Committee and takes note of the report of the Committee on its fifty-eighth session; [3]", "Requests the Scientific Committee to continue its work, including by undertaking important activities, to increase awareness of the amount, impact and dangers of ionizing radiation from all sources and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "Endorses the intentions and plans of the Scientific Committee to implement its programme of work for the scientific review and assessment of the General Assembly, the Special Scientific Committee's decision to undertake a comprehensive assessment of the radiation and radiation risks arising from accidents in the eastern earthquake and tsunami in Japan, and calls upon the Scientific Committee to prepare, at its sixty-seventh session, a report on the assessment of the impact of irradio on health, [4] encourage the Scientific Committee to submit other relevant reports as soon as possible, including an assessment of the ionizing radiation and its impact on human health and the environment, and requests the Scientific Committee to submit its current and future programme of work to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "Calls upon the Secretariat to facilitate the timely publication of the report of the Scientific Committee, in particular by continuing to streamline internal procedures, as required, and to seek the publication of those reports in the same calendar year, which is permitted to be published;", "Stresses once again the need for the Scientific Committee to hold regular meetings annually to enable its report to reflect the latest developments and research findings in the field of ionizing radiation, thereby disseminating the latest information to all States;", "Invites the Scientific Committee to continue its consultations with scientists and experts from interested Member States in the preparation of scientific reports in the future, and requests the Secretariat to facilitate those consultations;", "Welcomes, in this regard, the willingness of Member States to make relevant information about the amount and impact of ionizing radiation available to the Scientific Committee and invites the Scientific Committee to analyse and give due attention to this information, in particular in the light of its research findings;", "Also welcomes the improved data collection strategy of the Scientific Committee and, in this regard, encourages Member States, organizations of the United Nations system and relevant non-governmental organizations to provide further relevant data on the dose, impacts and dangers of various sources of radiation, which have contributed significantly to the future preparation of the report of the Scientific Committee to the General Assembly, and encourages the International Atomic Energy Agency, the World Health Organization and other relevant organizations to make arrangements and coordination with the Secretariat to collect and exchange data on the treatment of irradiatings by workers, the public, in particular patients;", "Requests the United Nations Environment Programme to continue to provide and, where appropriate, strengthen support to enable the Scientific Committee to carry out its work effectively and to disseminate its findings to the General Assembly, the scientific community and the public;", "Urges the United Nations Environment Programme to continue to strengthen its funding for the Scientific Committee in accordance with paragraph 11 of General Assembly resolution 65/96;", "Encourages Member States to make voluntary contributions to the general trust fund established by the Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Programme and to provide in-kind contributions to support the work of the Scientific Committee;", "Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the impact of atomic radiation in the Marshall Islands; [5]", "Also takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on criteria and indicators for determining how the Scientific Committee can best support its basic work and increase the financial implications of its members; [6]", "Decides to increase the membership of the Scientific Committee from 21 to 27 States, on the understanding that the increase in membership in the biennium 2012-2013 shall be within existing resources, and requests the Secretariat and Member States to use, in the most effective manner, budgetary and conference time allocated to the work of the Scientific Committee to avoid, to the extent possible, additional budgetary issues arising from the increase in membership;", "Invites Belarus, Finland, Pakistan, the Republic of Korea, Spain and Ukraine to become members of the Scientific Committee, and invites each of them to designate a scientists to represent the Committee and, where appropriate, to designate deputy and consultants;", "Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-ninth session a report on the experience of the members of the Scientific Committee in terms of efficiency, quality of work and equitable geographical distribution after their extension to 27 countries, as well as on options to determine the procedures for further expansion of the membership;", "Decides that, at its seventy-second session, it will then take into account the new expressions received by the Secretary-General between the sixty-sixth to seventy-second sessions of the General Assembly, previous resolutions of the General Assembly and, where appropriate, taking into account all reports of the Secretary-General on the Scientific Committee, as well as the need for equitable geographical distribution and to ensure the efficiency and quality of the work of the Scientific Committee, to consider reviewing the possibility of increasing the membership of the Scientific Committee in order to establish procedures for possible further increase of its membership at its seventy-third session, and requests the Secretary-General to inform all Member States in a timely manner of the process.", "9 December 2011", "81st plenary meeting", "See A/C.4/66/8, annex, para.", "[2] Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3-14 June 1992, vol. I, Resolutions adopted by the Conference (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.93.I.8 and corrigendum), resolution 1, annex I.", "[3] Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 46 (A/66/46).", "[4] See resolution 62100, para.", "[5] A/63/378.", "[6] A/66/524." ]

[ "2011年12月9日大会决议", "[根据特别政治和非殖民化委员会（第四委员会）的报告(A/66/425)通过]", "66/71. 和平利用外层空间的国际合作", "大会，", "回顾其1996年12月13日第51/122号、1999年12月6日第54/68号、2004年10月20日第59/2号、2006年12月14日第61/110和61/111号、2007年12月17日第62/101号、2007年12月22日第62/217号、2010年12月10日第65/97号和2011年４月7日第65/271号决议，", "确认过去五十年来在载人航天飞行及为和平目的探索空间方面成就斐然，并回顾和平利用外层空间委员会为促进空间活动国际合作提供了独特的全球平台，", "深信促进和扩大为和平目的探索和利用属于全人类的外层空间并继续努力使所有国家都从中受益符合人类共同利益，还深信在该领域进行国际合作很重要，联合国应继续作为这种合作的协调中心，", "重申国际合作在发展法治，包括遵守空间法有关规范方面的重要性，以及这些规范在为和平目的探索和利用外层空间的国际合作中所起的重要作用，并重申使尽可能多的国家加入各项促进和平利用外层空间的国际条约很重要，以应付不断出现的新挑战，特别是发展中国家面临的挑战，", "严重关切外层空间军备竞赛的可能性，并铭记《关于各国探索和利用包括月球和其他天体在内外层空间活动的原则条约》[1](《外空条约》)第四条的重要性，", "确认所有国家，特别是拥有强大空间能力的国家，都应为防止外层空间军备竞赛作出积极贡献，因为这是促进和加强为和平目的探索和利用外层空间方面国际合作的必要条件，", "又确认空间碎片是一个关系到所有国家的问题，", "注意到在进一步发展和平的空间探索和应用方面以及在各种国家空间项目和合作开展的空间项目方面取得的进展，这一进展有助于国际合作，并注意到进一步建立法律框架以加强这一领域国际合作的重要性，", "深信有必要促进利用空间技术推动执行《联合国千年宣言》，[2]", "严重关切灾害造成毁灭性影响，[3]", "希望通过让所有国家更多地获得和利用天基服务，促进灾害管理方面的能力建设以及加强这方面的机制，尤其是在发展中国家，以加强灾害管理和应急方面的全球一级国际协调与合作，", "深信空间科学和技术的利用及其在远程医疗、远程教育、灾害管理、环境保护以及其他地球观测应用等领域的应用，有助于实现联合国讨论经济、社会和文化发展，特别是消除贫穷等各方面问题的全球会议的目标，", "在这方面表示注意到2005年世界首脑会议确认科技在促进可持续发展方面可发挥重大作用，[4]", "审议了和平利用外层空间委员会第五十四届会议工作报告，[5]", "1. 核可和平利用外层空间委员会第五十四届会议工作报告；⁵", "2. 同意和平利用外层空间委员会第五十五届会议审议委员会第五十四届会议建议的实质性项目，[6] 同时考虑到所有国家，特别是发展中国家所关切的问题；", "3. 注意到和平利用外层空间委员会法律小组委员会第五十届会议继续进行大会第65/97号决议为其规定的工作；[7]", "4. 同意法律小组委员会第五十一届会议按照委员会的建议审议实质性项目并重新召集工作组，[8] 同时考虑到所有国家，特别是发展中国家所关切的问题；", "5. 敦促尚未成为关于利用外层空间的国际条约[9] 缔约国的国家，考虑依其国内法批准或加入这些条约，并将这些条约纳入本国立法；", "6. 注意到和平利用外层空间委员会科学和技术小组委员会第四十八届会议继续进行大会第65/97号决议为其规定的工作；[10]", "7. 同意科学和技术小组委员会第四十九届会议按照委员会的建议审议实质性项目并重新召集工作组，[11] 同时考虑到所有国家，特别是发展中国家所关切的问题；", "8. 赞赏地注意到一些国家已经通过本国机制并按照机构间空间碎片协调委员会《减少空间碎片准则》和大会第62/217号决议核可的和平利用外层空间委员会《减少空间碎片准则》，[12] 自愿采取减少空间碎片措施；", "9. 邀请其他国家通过相关本国机制实施和平利用外层空间委员会《减少空间碎片准则》；¹²", "10. 认为各国必须更加关注包括核动力源物体在内的空间物体与空间碎片碰撞的问题，及空间碎片的其他方面，要求各国继续对这个问题进行研究，开发更完善技术来监测空间碎片、汇编和传播关于空间碎片的数据，并认为应尽可能向科学和技术小组委员会提供这方面的资料，并同意需要通过国际合作扩大适合且负担得起的战略，以尽量减少空间碎片对未来航天飞行的影响；", "11. 促请所有国家，特别是拥有强大空间能力的国家，为防止外层空间军备竞赛作出积极贡献，将其作为促进为和平目的探索和利用外层空间的国际合作的必要条件；", "12. 核可联合国空间技术应用专家向委员会建议并经委员会核可的2012年联合国空间应用方案；[13]", "13. 欢迎全球导航卫星系统国际委员会在实现全球和区域天基定位、导航和定时系统之间的兼容性和互操作性方面，以及在推广全球导航卫星系统的使用和将其纳入各国，特别是发展中国家基础设施方面继续取得进展，并满意地注意到，国际委员会第六次会议于2011年9月5日至9日在东京举行；", "14. 满意地注意到在联合国灾害管理与应急反应天基信息平台(联合国天基信息平台)框架内，执行联合国天基信息平台方案2010-2011两年期工作计划[14] 取得了进展，并鼓励会员国在自愿基础上，向该方案提供必要的额外资源，以确保联合国天基信息平台及其区域支助办事处能够向会员国提供更多的支助；", "15. 赞赏地注意到设在摩洛哥的非洲法文空间科学和技术教育区域中心和设在尼日利亚的非洲英文空间科学和技术教育区域中心以及附属于联合国的亚洲及太平洋空间科学和技术教育中心及拉丁美洲和加勒比空间科学和技术教育区域中心，在2011年继续开展各自的教育方案，同意各区域中心应继续向委员会提交活动报告；", "16. 强调空间活动方面的区域和区域间合作对于加强和平利用外层空间、协助各国发展空间能力以及促进实现《联合国千年宣言》² 各项目标至关重要，为此请相关区域组织提供必要的援助，以便各国落实区域会议的各项建议；", "17. 在这方面确认各类会议和其他机制在加强各国之间的区域和国际合作方面的重要作用，例如空间科学和技术促进可持续发展问题非洲领导人会议，亚太区域空间机构论坛，亚洲及太平洋空间合作组织和美洲空间会议；", "18. 满意地注意到第六次美洲空间会议由墨西哥政府担任东道主，于2010年11月15日至19日在墨西哥帕丘卡举行，欢迎通过帕丘卡宣言，并满意地注意到墨西哥政府担任2011年至2013年期间该会议临时秘书处；亚太空间合作组织理事会第四次会议于2011年1月26日至27日在泰国帕塔亚举行；第四次空间科技促进可持续发展问题非洲领导人会议由肯尼亚政府担任东道主，于2011年9月26日至28日在肯尼亚蒙巴萨举行；第十八届亚太区域空间机构论坛将由新加坡政府和日本政府联合组织，于2011年12月6日至9日在新加坡举行；", "19. 请委员会继续优先审议维持外层空间用于和平目的的方法和手段，并就此向大会第六十七届会议提出报告，并同意委员会在审议此事项时，可继续考虑如何促进区域内和区域间合作，以及空间技术可在执行可持续发展问题世界首脑会议的各项建议方面发挥的作用；", "20. 确认题为“空间千年：维也纳空间与人类发展宣言”的决议[15] 及第59/2号决议均指出，空间科学和技术及其应用对经济、社会和文化发展及福利作出重大贡献；满意地注意到和平利用外层空间委员会关于执行第三次联合国探索与和平利用外层空间会议(第三次外空会议)各项建议的《行动计划》[16] 所载部分建议得到执行，在通过本国和区域活动执行尚未落实的建议方面取得令人满意的进展；", "21. 促请所有会员国继续向联合国空间应用方案信托基金捐款，以便加强秘书处外层空间事务办公室按照《行动计划》提供技术和法律咨询服务的能力，同时保留委员会商定的优先专题领域；", "22. 强调必须促进空间技术及其应用提供更多的惠益，推动有利于所有国家特别是发展中国家可持续增长和可持续发展的空间活动的有序增长，包括减轻灾害影响；", "23. 再次申明应继续提请联合国促进经济、社会和文化发展及有关领域的各次主要会议和首脑会议注意空间技术及其应用的好处，并应促进利用空间技术推动实现这些会议和首脑会议的目标和执行《联合国千年宣言》；", "24. 欢迎加紧努力进一步加强外层空间活动机构间会议，并促请联合国系统各实体，特别是参加机构间会议的实体同委员会合作，继续审查如何使空间科学和技术及其应用为执行关于发展议程的《联合国千年宣言》作出贡献，特别是在与粮食保障和增加受教育机会等有关的领域作出贡献；", "25. 吁请联合国大学和其他性质相同的机构在其职权范围内提供培训，并进行国际空间法领域特别是有关灾害和紧急状况事项的研究；", "26. 商定委员会及其附属机构应在各自的2012年届会上选举2012-2013年期间主席团成员；[17]", "27. 决定接纳阿塞拜疆为委员会成员；[18]", "28. 核可委员会关于给予阿拉伯世界遥感中心协会常驻观察员地位的决定；[19]", "29. 指出每一区域组都有责任积极促进属于本区域组的委员会成员国参与委员会及其附属机构的工作，并同意各区域组成员应共同审议与委员会有关的这一事项；", "30. 满意地注意到2011年10月11日将在联合国总部举行小组讨论，考虑到以往举行了关于气候变化、粮食保障、全球卫生和紧急状况的小组讨论，这次主题定为和平利用外层空间委员会如何为定于2012年在巴西里约热内卢举行的联合国可持续发展会议[20] 作出贡献，而重点是如何利用空间生成的地理数据促进可持续发展；", "31. 邀请地球观测组织通过解答如何利用空间生成的地理数据促进可持续发展方面的问题，为2012年联合国可持续发展会议的筹备进程作出贡献；", "32. 请联合国系统各实体、其他国际组织和联合国秘书长继续并酌情增进它们同委员会的合作并就在委员会及其附属机构工作过程中处理的问题提交报告；处理配合大会届会举行的小组讨论触及的问题；", "33. 回顾大会第65/271号决议宣布４月12日为载人航天飞行国际日；", "34. 满意地注意到2011年6月1日和平利用外层空间委员会第五十四届会议在维也纳举行了纪念活动，纪念载人航天飞行五十周年暨和平利用外层空间委员会成立五十周年；[21]", "35. 通过了《载人航天飞行五十周年暨和平利用外层空间委员会成立五十周年宣言》，该宣言载于本决议附件。", "2011年12月9日", "第81次全体会议", "附件", "载人航天飞行五十周年暨和平利用外层空间委员会成立五十周年宣言", "我们，联合国会员国，在纪念载人航天飞行五十周年暨和平利用外层空间委员会成立50周年之际，", "1. 回顾第一颗人造地球卫星“人造卫星1号”于1957年10月4日发射进入外层空间，从而为空间探索开辟了道路；", "2. 还回顾尤里·加加林于1961年4月12日成为绕地球轨道飞行的第一人，从而揭开了人类外层空间探索的新篇章；", "3. 又回顾首次载人航天飞行以来人类进入外层空间的辉煌历史和非凡成就，尤其是瓦伦蒂娜·捷列什科娃于1963年6月16日成为绕地球轨道飞行的第一名女性，尼尔·阿姆斯特朗于1969年7月20日成为踏足月球表面的第一人，阿波罗号航天器与联盟号航天器于1975年7月17日对接，这是人类在空间的第一次国际飞行任务，并回顾过去10年来，人类利用国际空间站维持了多国人员在外层空间的长期存在；", "4. 怀着敬意回顾人类探索外层空间并非没有牺牲，并缅怀为拓展人类活动疆域而献出生命的男女勇士；", "5. 强调在发展那些使人类得以探索宇宙的空间科学和技术及其应用方面取得的巨大进步，以及过去50年来在空间探索活动方面取得的卓越成就，包括加深对行星系和太阳以及地球本身的认识，利用空间科学和技术造福全人类，以及制定规范空间活动的国际法律制度；", "6. 回顾《关于各国探索和利用包括月球和其他天体在内外层空间活动的原则条约》(《外空条约》)¹ 于1967年10月10日生效，该条约确定了国际空间法的基本原则；", "7. 又回顾常设和平利用外层空间委员会于1961年11月27日举行了第一次会议，该会议促进通过了大会1961年12月20日第1721A至E(XVI)号决议，其中第1721A(XVI)号决议载有建议各国采用以指导其空间活动的第一批法律原则；大会在第1721B(XVI)号决议中表示相信联合国应当成为和平探索及利用外层空间国际合作的一个联络中心；", "8. 确认和平利用外层空间委员会过去50年来在秘书处外层空间事务厅协助下为促进空间活动方面的国际合作提供了独一无二的全球平台，委员会及其附属机构始终站在促进全世界合作利用空间科学和技术保护地球和空间环境并确保人类文明的未来的最前沿；", "9. 承认空间活动的结构和内容已发生重大变化，新技术不断出现、各级行为体不断增多等，因此满意地注意到在通过增强各国的经济、社会和文化发展能力并为此加强监管框架和机制而加强和平利用外层空间国际合作方面取得的进展；", "10. 重申开展国际合作发展法治包括空间法相关规范以及尽可能广泛地加入促进和平利用外层空间的各项国际条约的重要性；", "11. 坚信空间科学和技术及其应用，如卫星通信、地球观测系统和卫星导航技术，为切实可行地长期解决可持续发展问题提供了必不可少的手段，可更有效地推动以下努力：促进世界所有国家和区域的发展，改善人民生活，保护自然资源，以及加强备灾和减轻灾害后果；", "12. 深为关切空间环境的脆弱性以及外层空间活动长期可持续性面临的挑战，尤其是空间碎片的影响；", "13. 强调指出需要更深入地探讨先进的空间研究与探索系统和技术如何为应对包括全球气候变化在内的各种挑战以及促进粮食安全和全球健康作出进一步贡献，并努力探讨如何使人类航天飞行科学研究的成果和附带效益带来更多的惠益，特别是为发展中国家带来更多的惠益；", "14. 强调空间活动领域的区域和区域间合作至关重要，有助于加强外层空间的和平利用，协助各国发展空间能力，并促进《联合国千年宣言》² 所载各项目标的实现；", "15. 确认需要和平利用外层空间委员会同参与联合国全球发展议程的其他政府间机构更密切地合作，包括就经济、社会和文化发展方面的联合国重大会议和首脑会议开展合作；", "16. 吁请所有各国在国家、区域、区域间和全球各级采取措施，为利用空间科学和技术及其应用来保护行星地球及其空间环境而共同努力，造福子孙后代。", "[1] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第610卷，第8843号。", "[2] 见第55/2号决议。", "[3] “灾害”一词是指自然或技术灾害。", "[4] 见第60/1号决议，第60段。", "[5] 《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第20号》(A/66/20)。", "[6] 同上，第304段。", "[7] 同上，第二.D章；A/AC.105/990。", "[8] 见《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第20号》(A/66/20),第215至218段。", "[9] 《关于各国探索和利用包括月球和其他天体在内外层空间活动的原则条约》(联合国，《条约汇编》，第610卷，第8843号)；《关于援救航天员，送回航天员及送回射入外空之物体之协定》(联合国，《条约汇编》，第672卷，第9574号)；《外空物体所造成损害之国际责任公约》(联合国，《条约汇编》，第961卷，第13810号)；《关于登记射入外层空间物体的公约》(联合国，《条约汇编》，第1023卷，第15020号)；《指导各国在月球和其他天体上活动的协定》(联合国，《条约汇编》，第1363卷，第23002号)。", "[10] 《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第20号》(A/66/20)，第二.C章；A/AC.105/987。", "[11] 见《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第20号》(A/66/20)，第164至167段。", "[12] 同上，《第六十二届会议，补编第20号》(A/62/20)，第117和118段及附件。", "[13] 同上，《第六十六届会议，补编第20号》(A/66/20)，第80段；A/AC.105/980，第二和第三节及附件三。", "[14] 见A/AC.105/937。", "[15] 见《第三次联合国探索与和平利用外层空间会议报告》，维也纳，1999年7月19日至30日（联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.00.I.3），第一章，决议1。", "[16] 见A/59/174，第六.B节。", "[17] 见《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第20号》(A/66/20)，第286段。", "[18] 同上，第290段。", "[19] 同上，第292段。", "[20] 见A/AC.105/993。", "[21] 见《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第20号》(A/66/20)，附件一。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/66/425)]", "66/71. International cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 51/122 of 13 December 1996, 54/68 of 6 December 1999, 59/2 of 20 October 2004, 61/110 and 61/111 of 14 December 2006, 62/101 of 17 December 2007, 62/217 of 22 December 2007, 65/97 of 10 December 2010 and 65/271 of 7 April 2011,", "Recognizing the extraordinary achievements made over the past fifty years in human space flight and space exploration for peaceful purposes, and recalling the unique platform at the global level for international cooperation in space activities represented by the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space,", "Deeply convinced of the common interest of mankind in promoting and expanding the exploration and use of outer space, as the province of all mankind, for peaceful purposes and in continuing efforts to extend to all States the benefits derived therefrom, and also of the importance of international cooperation in this field, for which the United Nations should continue to provide a focal point,", "Reaffirming the importance of international cooperation in developing the rule of law, including the relevant norms of space law and their important role in international cooperation for the exploration and use of outer space for peaceful purposes, and of the widest possible adherence to international treaties that promote the peaceful uses of outer space in order to meet emerging new challenges, especially for developing countries,", "Seriously concerned about the possibility of an arms race in outer space, and bearing in mind the importance of article IV of the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies[1] (Outer Space Treaty),", "Recognizing that all States, in particular those with major space capabilities, should contribute actively to the goal of preventing an arms race in outer space as an essential condition for the promotion and strengthening of international cooperation in the exploration and use of outer space for peaceful purposes,", "Recognizing also that space debris is an issue of concern to all nations,", "Noting the progress achieved in the further development of peaceful space exploration and applications as well as in various national and cooperative space projects, which contributes to international cooperation, and the importance of further developing the legal framework to strengthen international cooperation in this field,", "Convinced of the need to promote the use of space technology towards implementing the United Nations Millennium Declaration,[2]", "Seriously concerned about the devastating impact of disasters,[3]", "Desirous of enhancing international coordination and cooperation at the global level in disaster management and emergency response through greater access to and use of space-based services for all countries and facilitating capacity-building and institutional strengthening for disaster management, in particular in developing countries,", "Deeply convinced that the use of space science and technology and their applications in areas such as telehealth, tele-education, disaster management, environmental protection and other Earth observation applications contribute to achieving the objectives of the global conferences of the United Nations that address various aspects of economic, social and cultural development, particularly poverty eradication,", "Taking note, in that regard, of the fact that the 2005 World Summit recognized the important role that science and technology play in promoting sustainable development,[4]", "Having considered the report of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space on the work of its fifty-fourth session,[5]", "1. Endorses the report of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space on the work of its fifty-fourth session;⁵", "2. Agrees that the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, at its fifty-fifth session, should consider the substantive items recommended by the Committee at its fifty-fourth session,[6] taking into account the concerns of all countries, in particular those of developing countries;", "3. Notes that, at its fiftieth session, the Legal Subcommittee of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space continued its work,[7] as mandated by the General Assembly in its resolution 65/97;", "4. Agrees that the Legal Subcommittee, at its fifty-first session, should consider the substantive items and reconvene the working groups recommended by the Committee,[8] taking into account the concerns of all countries, in particular those of developing countries;", "5. Urges States that have not yet become parties to the international treaties governing the uses of outer space[9] to give consideration to ratifying or acceding to those treaties in accordance with their domestic law, as well as incorporating them in their national legislation;", "6. Notes that, at its forty-eighth session, the Scientific and Technical Subcommittee of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space continued its work,[10] as mandated by the General Assembly in its resolution 65/97;", "7. Agrees that the Scientific and Technical Subcommittee, at its forty-ninth session, should consider the substantive items and reconvene the working groups recommended by the Committee,[11] taking into account the concerns of all countries, in particular those of developing countries;", "8. Notes with appreciation that some States are already implementing space debris mitigation measures on a voluntary basis, through national mechanisms and consistent with the Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines of the Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee and with the Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space,[12] endorsed by the General Assembly in its resolution 62/217;", "9. Invites other States to implement, through relevant national mechanisms, the Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space;¹²", "10. Considers that it is essential that States pay more attention to the problem of collisions of space objects, including those with nuclear power sources, with space debris, and other aspects of space debris, calls for the continuation of national research on this question, for the development of improved technology for the monitoring of space debris and for the compilation and dissemination of data on space debris, also considers that, to the extent possible, information thereon should be provided to the Scientific and Technical Subcommittee, and agrees that international cooperation is needed to expand appropriate and affordable strategies to minimize the impact of space debris on future space missions;", "11. Urges all States, in particular those with major space capabilities, to contribute actively to the goal of preventing an arms race in outer space as an essential condition for the promotion of international cooperation in the exploration and use of outer space for peaceful purposes;", "12. Endorses the United Nations Programme on Space Applications for 2012, as proposed to the Committee by the Expert on Space Applications and endorsed by the Committee;[13]", "13. Welcomes the continuous progress made by the International Committee on Global Navigation Satellite Systems towards achieving compatibility and interoperability among global and regional space-based positioning, navigation and timing systems and in the promotion of the use of global navigation satellite systems and their integration into national infrastructure, particularly in developing countries, and notes with satisfaction that the International Committee held its sixth meeting in Tokyo from 5 to 9 September 2011;", "14. Notes with satisfaction the progress made within the framework of the United Nations Platform for Space-based Information for Disaster Management and Emergency Response (UN-SPIDER) in the implementation of the workplan of the UN-SPIDER programme for the biennium 2010–2011,[14] and encourages Member States to provide, on a voluntary basis, the programme with the necessary additional resources to ensure that greater support could be provided to Member States by UN‑SPIDER and its regional support offices;", "15. Notes with appreciation that the African regional centres for space science and technology education in the French and English languages, located in Morocco and Nigeria, respectively, as well as the Centre for Space Science and Technology Education in Asia and the Pacific and the Regional Centre for Space Science and Technology Education for Latin America and the Caribbean, affiliated to the United Nations, have continued their education programmes in 2011, and agrees that the regional centres should continue to report to the Committee on their activities;", "16. Emphasizes that regional and interregional cooperation in the field of space activities is essential to strengthen the peaceful uses of outer space, assist States in the development of their space capabilities and contribute to the achievement of the goals of the United Nations Millennium Declaration² and to that end requests relevant regional organizations to offer the assistance necessary so that countries can carry out recommendations of regional conferences;", "17. Recognizes, in this regard, the important role played by conferences and other mechanisms in strengthening regional and international cooperation among States, such as the African Leadership Conference on Space Science and Technology for Sustainable Development, the Asia-Pacific Regional Space Agency Forum, the Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization and the Space Conference of the Americas;", "18. Notes with satisfaction that the Sixth Space Conference of the Americas was hosted by the Government of Mexico and held in Pachuca, Mexico, from 15 to 19 November 2010, welcomes the adoption of the Pachuca Declaration, and also notes with satisfaction that the Government of Mexico has assumed the pro tempore secretariat of the Conference for the period 2011–2013; that the fourth meeting of the Council of the Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization was held in Pattaya, Thailand, on 26 and 27 January 2011; that the Fourth African Leadership Conference on Space Science and Technology for Sustainable Development was hosted by the Government of Kenya and held in Mombasa, Kenya, from 26 to 28 September 2011; and that the eighteenth session of the Asia-Pacific Regional Space Agency Forum will be jointly organized by the Singapore Space and Technology Association, the National University of Singapore and the Government of Japan and held in Singapore from 6 to 9 December 2011;", "19. Requests the Committee to continue to consider, as a matter of priority, ways and means of maintaining outer space for peaceful purposes and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session, and agrees that during its consideration of the matter the Committee could continue to consider ways to promote regional and interregional cooperation and the role space technology could play in the implementation of recommendations of the World Summit on Sustainable Development;", "20. Recognizes that space science and technology and their applications make important contributions to economic, social and cultural development and welfare, as indicated in the resolution entitled “The Space Millennium: Vienna Declaration on Space and Human Development”,[15] and its resolution 59/2, and notes with satisfaction that a number of the recommendations set out in the Plan of Action of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space on the implementation of the recommendations of the Third United Nations Conference on the Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UNISPACE III)[16] have been implemented and that satisfactory progress is being made in implementing the outstanding recommendations through national and regional activities;", "21. Urges all Member States to continue to contribute to the Trust Fund for the United Nations Programme on Space Applications to enhance the capacity of the Office for Outer Space Affairs of the Secretariat to provide technical and legal advisory services in accordance with the Plan of Action, while maintaining the priority thematic areas agreed by the Committee;", "22. Emphasizes the need to increase the benefits of space technology and its applications and to contribute to an orderly growth of space activities favourable to sustained economic growth and sustainable development in all countries, including mitigation of the consequences of disasters, in particular in developing countries;", "23. Reiterates that the benefits of space technology and its applications should continue to be brought to the attention, in particular, of the major United Nations conferences and summits for economic, social and cultural development and related fields and that the use of space technology should be promoted towards achieving the objectives of those conferences and summits and for implementing the United Nations Millennium Declaration;", "24. Welcomes the increased efforts to strengthen further the Inter-Agency Meeting on Outer Space Activities and urges entities of the United Nations system, particularly those participating in the Inter-Agency Meeting, to continue to examine, in cooperation with the Committee, how space science and technology and their applications could contribute to implementing the United Nations Millennium Declaration on the development agenda, particularly in the areas relating to, inter alia, food security and increasing opportunities for education;", "25. Calls upon the United Nations University and other institutions of the same nature, within the framework of their mandates, to provide training and to carry out research in the areas of international space law and, in particular, matters relating to disasters and emergencies;", "26. Agrees that the Committee and its subsidiary bodies at their respective sessions in 2012 should elect their officers nominated for the period 2012–2013;[17]", "27. Decides that Azerbaijan shall become a member of the Committee;[18]", "28. Endorses the decision of the Committee to grant permanent observer status to the Association of Remote Sensing Centres in the Arab World;[19]", "29. Notes that each of the regional groups has the responsibility for actively promoting the participation in the work of the Committee and its subsidiary bodies of the States members of the Committee that are also members of the respective regional groups, and agrees that the regional groups should consider this Committee-related matter among their members;", "30. Notes with satisfaction that a panel discussion was held at United Nations Headquarters on 11 October 2011 on the topic of the contribution of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space to the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development,[20] to be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2012, with attention given to the use of space-derived geospatial data for sustainable development and taking into account the previous panel discussions held on climate change, food security, global health and emergencies;", "31. Invites the Group on Earth Observations to contribute to the preparatory process for the 2012 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development by addressing issues related to the use of space-derived geospatial data for sustainable development;", "32. Requests the entities of the United Nations system, other international organizations and the Secretary-General to continue and, where appropriate, to enhance their cooperation with the Committee and to provide it with reports on the issues dealt with in the work of the Committee and its subsidiary bodies, and to address the issues covered by the panel discussions held in conjunction with sessions of the General Assembly;", "33. Recalls the fact that the General Assembly, by its resolution 65/271, declared 12 April the International Day of Human Space Flight;", "34. Notes with satisfaction the commemorative segment of the fifty-fourth session of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space on the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of human space flight and the fiftieth anniversary of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, held at Vienna on 1 June 2011;[21]", "35. Adopts the Declaration on the Fiftieth Anniversary of Human Space Flight and the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, set forth in the annex to the present resolution.", "81st plenary meeting 9 December 2011", "Annex", "Declaration on the Fiftieth Anniversary of Human Space Flight and the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space", "We, the States Members of the United Nations, in commemorating the fiftieth anniversary of human space flight and the fiftieth anniversary of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space,", "1. Recall the launch into outer space of the first human-made Earth satellite, Sputnik I, on 4 October 1957, thus opening the way for space exploration;", "2. Also recall that, on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first human to orbit the Earth, opening a new chapter of human endeavour in outer space;", "3. Further recall the amazing history of human presence in outer space and the remarkable achievements since the first human spaceflight, in particular Valentina Tereshkova becoming the first woman to orbit the Earth on 16 June 1963, Neil Armstrong becoming the first human to set foot upon the surface of the Moon on 20 July 1969, and the docking of the Apollo and Soyuz spacecrafts on 17 July 1975, being the first international human mission in space, and recall that for the past decade humanity has maintained a multinational permanent human presence in outer space aboard the International Space Station;", "4. Respectfully recall that the human exploration of outer space has not been without sacrifice, and remember the men and women who have lost their lives in the pursuit of expanding humanity’s frontiers;", "5. Emphasize the significant progress in the development of space science and technology and their applications that has enabled humans to explore the universe, and the extraordinary achievements made over the past fifty years in space exploration efforts, including deepening the understanding of the planetary system and the Sun and the Earth itself, in the use of space science and technology for the benefit of all humankind and in the development of the international legal regime governing space activities;", "6. Recall the entry into force of the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies¹ (Outer Space Treaty) on 10 October 1967, which establishes the fundamental principles of international space law;", "7. Also recall the first meeting of the permanent Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, convened on 27 November 1961, which facilitated the adoption of General Assembly resolutions 1721 A to E (XVI) of 20 December 1961, including resolution 1721 A (XVI), in which the first legal principles were commended to States for their guidance in space activities, and resolution 1721 B (XVI), in which the Assembly expressed its belief that the United Nations should provide a focal point for international cooperation in the peaceful exploration and use of outer space;", "8. Recognize that the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, assisted by the Office for Outer Space Affairs of the Secretariat, has for the past fifty years served as a unique platform at the global level for international cooperation in space activities and that the Committee and its subsidiary bodies stand at the forefront in bringing the world together in using space science and technology to preserve the Earth and the space environment and ensure the future of human civilization;", "9. Acknowledge that significant changes have occurred in the structure and content of the space endeavour, as reflected in the emergence of new technologies and the increasing number of actors at all levels, and therefore note with satisfaction the progress made in strengthening international cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space by enhancing the capacity of States for economic, social and cultural development and by strengthening the regulatory frameworks and mechanisms to that effect;", "10. Reaffirm the importance of international cooperation in developing the rule of law, including the relevant norms of space law, and of the widest possible adherence to the international treaties that promote the peaceful uses of outer space;", "11. Express our firm conviction that space science and technology and their applications, such as satellite communications, Earth observation systems and satellite navigation technologies, provide indispensable tools for viable long-term solutions for sustainable development and can contribute more effectively to efforts to promote the development of all countries and regions of the world, to improve people’s lives, to conserve natural resources and to enhance the preparedness for and mitigation of the consequences of disasters;", "12. Express our deep concern about the fragility of the space environment and the challenges to the long-term sustainability of outer space activities, in particular the impact of space debris;", "13. Stress the need to look more closely into how advanced space research and exploration systems and technologies could further contribute to meeting challenges, including that of global climate change, and to food security and global health, and endeavour to examine how the outcomes and spin-offs of scientific research in human space flight could increase the benefits, in particular for developing countries;", "14. Emphasize that regional and interregional cooperation in the field of space activities is essential to strengthen the peaceful uses of outer space, assist States in the development of their space capabilities and contribute to the achievement of the goals of the United Nations Millennium Declaration;²", "15. Confirm the need for closer coordination between the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space and other intergovernmental bodies involved in the global development agenda of the United Nations, including with respect to the major United Nations conferences and summits for economic, social and cultural development;", "16. Call upon all States to take measures at the national, regional, interregional and global levels to engage in the common efforts to use space science and technology and their applications to preserve planet Earth and its space environment for future generations.", "[1]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 610, No. 8843.", "[2]  See resolution 55/2.", "[3]  The term “disasters” refers to natural or technological disasters.", "[4]  See resolution 60/1, para. 60.", "[5]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 20 (A/66/20).", "[6]  Ibid., para. 304.", "[7]  Ibid., chap. II.D; and A/AC.105/990.", "[8]  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 20 (A/66/20), paras. 215–218.", "[9]  Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies (United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 610, No. 8843); Agreement on the Rescue of Astronauts, the Return of Astronauts and the Return of Objects Launched into Outer Space (United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 672, No. 9574); Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects (United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 961, No. 13810); Convention on Registration of Objects Launched into Outer Space (United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1023, No. 15020); and Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies (United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1363, No. 23002).", "[10]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 20 (A/66/20), chap. II.C; and A/AC.105/987.", "[11]  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 20 (A/66/20), paras. 164–167.", "[12]  Ibid., Sixty-second Session, Supplement No. 20 (A/62/20), paras. 117 and 118, and annex.", "[13]  Ibid., Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 20 (A/66/20), para. 80; and A/AC.105/980, sects. II and III and annex III.", "[14]  See A/AC.105/937.", "[15]  See Report of the Third United Nations Conference on the Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, Vienna, 19–30 July 1999 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.00.I.3), chap. I, resolution 1.", "[16]  See A/59/174, sect. VI.B.", "[17]  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 20 (A/66/20), para. 286.", "[18]  Ibid., para. 290.", "[19]  Ibid., para. 292.", "[20]  See A/AC.105/993.", "[21]  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 20 (A/66/20), annex I." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/66/425)]", "International cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 51/122 of 13 December 1996, 5468 of 6 December 1999, 59/2 of 20 October 2004, 61/110 and 61/111 of 14 December 2006, 62/101 of 17 December 2007, 62/217 of 22 December 2007, 65/97 of 10 December 2010 and class 71 of 7 April 2011,", "Recognizing that, over the past five decades, there has been little achievements in the exploration of space for peaceful purposes, and recalling that the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space has provided a unique global platform for international cooperation in space activities,", "Convinced of the importance of promoting and expanding the exploration and use of outer space for peaceful purposes, which belongs to all mankind, and of continuing efforts to benefit all States from the common interest of humankind, and also convinced that international cooperation in this field should continue to serve as a focal point for such cooperation,", "Reaffirming the importance of international cooperation in the development of the rule of law, including compliance with the relevant norms of space law, and the important role they play in international cooperation for the exploration and use of outer space for peaceful purposes, and reaffirming the importance of bringing as many States as possible to international treaties for the promotion of the peaceful uses of outer space to meet emerging challenges, in particular those of developing countries,", "Gravely concerned about the possibility of an arms race in outer space, and bearing in mind the Treaty on Principles Relevant to the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies 1] (The importance of article IV of the Outer Space Treaty)", "Recognizing that all States, in particular those with strong space capabilities, should make a positive contribution to the prevention of an arms race in outer space, which is essential to promoting and strengthening international cooperation in the exploration and use of outer space for peaceful purposes,", "Recognizing also that space debris is a matter of concern to all States,", "Noting the progress made in the further development of space exploration and applications for peace, as well as space projects and cooperation in various national space projects, which contribute to international cooperation, and noting the importance of further legal frameworks to strengthen international cooperation in this field,", "Convinced of the need to promote the use of space technology for the implementation of the United Nations Millennium Declaration, [2]", "Gravely concerned at the devastating impact of disasters, [3]", "Desirous to promote capacity-building in disaster management and to strengthen international coordination and cooperation at the global level in disaster management and emergency response, particularly in developing countries, through increased access and use of space-based services by all States,", "Convinced that the use of space science and technology and its applications in areas such as telemedicine, tele-education, disaster management, environmental protection and other Earth observation applications contribute to the objective of the United Nations global conference on all aspects of economic, social and cultural development, in particular poverty eradication,", "Taking note in this regard that the 2005 World Summit recognizes the important role that science and technology can play in promoting sustainable development, [4]", "Having considered the report of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space on its fifty-fourth session, [5]", "Approves the report of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space on its fifty-fourth session;5", "Endorses the consideration by the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space at its fifty-fifth session of the substantive items recommended by the Committee at its fifty-fourth session, [6] taking into account the concerns of all States, in particular developing countries;", "Takes note of the continuing work of the Legal Subcommittee of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space at its fiftieth session as set out in General Assembly resolution 65/97; [7]", "Endorses the consideration by the Legal Subcommittee at its fifty-first session of substantive items in accordance with the recommendations of the Committee and the reconvened Working Group, taking into account the concerns of all States, in particular developing countries;", "Urges States that have not yet done so to consider ratifying or acceding to these treaties in accordance with their domestic law and to incorporate them into their national legislation;", "Takes note of the continuing work of the Scientific and Technical Subcommittee of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space at its forty-eighth session under the terms of General Assembly resolution 65/97; [10]", "Endorses the consideration of substantive items by the Scientific and Technical Subcommittee at its forty-ninth session in accordance with the recommendations of the Committee and the reconvened Working Group, taking into account the concerns of all States, in particular developing countries;", "Notes with appreciation that a number of States have voluntarily adopted space debris mitigation measures through national mechanisms and in accordance with the Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines of the Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee and the Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space endorsed by the General Assembly in its resolution 62/217;", "Invites other States to implement the Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space through relevant national mechanisms;12", "Considers that States must pay greater attention to the issue of collisions between space objects, including nuclear power source objects and space debris, and other aspects of space debris, require States to continue research on this issue, develop more technology to monitor space debris, compile and disseminate data on space debris, and agrees that this information should be provided to the Scientific and Technical Subcommittee as far as possible, and agrees that there is a need to expand appropriate and affordable strategies through international cooperation to minimize the impact of space debris on future space flights;", "Urges all States, in particular those with strong space capabilities, to contribute actively to the prevention of an arms race in outer space as a necessary condition for promoting international cooperation in the exploration and use of outer space for peaceful purposes;", "Approves the United Nations Programme on Space Applications for 2012 recommended by the United Nations Expert on Space Technology Applications to the Committee and endorsed by the Committee; [13]", "Welcomes the continuing progress made by the International Committee on Global Navigation Satellite Systems in achieving the compatibility and interoperability of global and regional space-based positioning, navigation and targeted systems, as well as in promoting the use and integration of global navigation satellite systems into national infrastructure, in particular in developing countries, and notes with satisfaction that the sixth meeting of the International Committee was held in Tokyo from 5 to 9 September 2011;", "Notes with satisfaction the progress made in the implementation of the workplan of the United Nations Platform for Space-based Information for the biennium 2010-2011 within the framework of the United Nations Platform for Space-based Information for Disaster Management and Emergency Response (UN-SPIDER) and encourages Member States to provide, on a voluntary basis, the necessary additional resources to the Programme in order to ensure that UN-SPIDER and its regional support offices can provide additional support to Member States;", "Takes note with appreciation of the Regional Centre for Space Science and Technology Education in French, Morocco, and the Regional Centre for Space Science and Technology Education in English, Africa, based in Nigeria, as well as the regional centres for space science and technology education in Latin America and the Caribbean, which continued in 2011, and agrees that regional centres should continue to report to the Commission on their activities;", "Emphasizes that regional and interregional cooperation in space activities is essential for strengthening the peaceful uses of outer space, assisting States in the development of space capabilities and promoting the achievement of the goals of the United Nations Millennium Declaration,2 and, in this regard, invites relevant regional organizations to provide the necessary assistance to enable States to implement the recommendations of the regional meetings;", "Acknowledges in this regard the important role of conferences and other mechanisms in strengthening regional and international cooperation among States, such as the African Leadership Conference on Space Science and Technology for Sustainable Development, the Asia-Pacific Space Agency Forum, the Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization and the Space Conference of the Americas;", "Notes with satisfaction that the Sixth Space Conference of the Americas, hosted by the Government of Mexico, was held in Paccasca, Mexico, from 15 to 19 November 2010, welcomes the adoption of the Pacca Declaration, and notes with satisfaction the position of the Government of Mexico as the interim secretariat of the Conference between 2011 and 2013; that the fourth meeting of the Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Council was held in Patania, Thailand, from 26 to 27 January 2011; that the fourth African Leadership Conference on Space Science and Technology for Sustainable Development, hosted by the Government of Kenya, will be held in Mombasa, Kenya, from 26 to 28 September 2011;", "Requests the Committee to continue to consider, as a matter of priority, ways and means of maintaining outer space for peaceful purposes and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session, and agrees that, in its consideration of this matter, the Committee may continue to consider ways to promote intraregional and interregional cooperation and the role that space technology can play in implementing the recommendations of the World Summit on Sustainable Development;", "Recognizes that resolutions [15] and 59/2, entitled “The Space Millennium: Vienna Declaration on Space and Human Development”, state that space science and technology and their applications make a significant contribution to economic, social and cultural development and welfare, and notes with satisfaction the implementation of the Plan of Action of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space of the recommendations of the Third United Nations Conference on the Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UNISPACE III). 16] Some of the recommendations contained are implemented and satisfactory progress has been made in implementing outstanding recommendations through national and regional activities;", "Urges all Member States to continue to contribute to the Trust Fund for the United Nations Programme on Space Applications in order to strengthen the capacity of the Office for Outer Space Affairs of the Secretariat to provide technical and legal advisory services in accordance with the Plan of Action, while retaining the priority thematic areas agreed by the Committee;", "Emphasizes the importance of promoting greater benefits for space technology and its applications and promoting an orderly growth in space activities conducive to sustainable growth and sustainable development in all countries, in particular developing countries, including mitigation of the impact of disasters;", "Reaffirms once again that the benefits of space technology and its applications should continue to be brought to the attention of the major United Nations conferences and summits in the economic, social and cultural development and related fields, and that the use of space technology should be promoted to achieve the goals and implementation of the United Nations Millennium Declaration;", "Welcomes the intensification of efforts to further strengthen the Inter-Agency Meeting on Outer Space Activities, and urges the entities of the United Nations system, in particular those participating in the Inter-Agency Meeting, to continue to examine ways in which space science and technology and their applications contribute to the implementation of the United Nations Millennium Declaration on the Development Agenda, in particular in the areas related to food security and increased access to education;", "Calls upon the United Nations University and other bodies of the same nature to provide training within its mandate and to conduct research in the field of international space law, in particular on disaster and emergency;", "Decides that the Committee and its subsidiary bodies shall elect their officers for the period 2012-2013 at their respective 2012 sessions; [17]", "Decides to admit Azerbaijan as a member of the Committee; [18]", "Endorses the decision of the Committee to grant permanent observer status to the Association of Arab World Remote Sensing Centre; [19]", "Notes that each regional group has the responsibility to actively promote the participation of the member States of the Commission and its subsidiary bodies, which are members of the regional groups, and agrees that the members of the regional groups should consider the matter related to the Committee together;", "Notes with satisfaction that a panel discussion will be held at United Nations Headquarters on 11 October 2011, taking into account the previous panel discussion on climate change, food security, global health and emergencies, which is the subject of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space as a contribution to the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, to be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2012, with a focus on how to use geodata generated by space for sustainable development;", "Invites Earth observation organizations to contribute to the preparatory process for the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development in 2012 by addressing how to use geodata generated by space for sustainable development;", "Requests the entities of the United Nations system, other international organizations and the Secretary-General of the United Nations to continue and, where appropriate, to enhance their cooperation with the Committee and to report on questions addressed in the work of the Committee and its subsidiary bodies; to address issues arising from the panel discussions held in conjunction with the sessions of the General Assembly;", "Recalls the proclamation by the General Assembly in its resolution 8071 of 12 April as the International Day of Space Carriage;", "Notes with satisfaction the commemorative activities of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space at its fifty-fourth session, held in Vienna on 1 June 2011, to commemorate the fiftieth anniversary of the arsenal and the fiftieth anniversary of the establishment of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space; [21]", "The Declaration on the fiftieth anniversary of the launch of a man's space flight and the fiftieth anniversary of the establishment of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space are contained in the annex to the present resolution.", "9 December 2011", "81st plenary meeting", "Annex", "Declaration of the fiftieth anniversary of the launch of a man's space flight and the fiftieth anniversary of the establishment of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space", "We, the States Members of the United Nations, commemorating the fiftieth anniversary of the launch and the fiftieth anniversary of the establishment of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space,", "Recalls the launch on 4 October 1957 of the First Earth Satellite, “Space 1”, which opened the way for space exploration;", "Recalling further that Juric Gain, a first person who was in the direction of the Earth orbit on 12 April 1961, opened a new chapter for the exploration of human outer space;", "Also recalls that human beings have entered outer space since the first man's space flight, in particular the Wroni Tashkoova, who was the first woman of the Earth orbit, on 16 June 1963, Nyal Aamstron, on 20 July 1969, became the first man on the outer space surface, the spacecraft of Aporo and the spacecraft of the Alliance, which took place on 17 July 1975, and recalls that, over the past 10 years, there has been a long-term presence of international space personnel;", "To pay tribute to the fact that human exploration of outer space is not sacrificed and to the heroic men and women who have given their lives in order to expand the domain of human activity;", "Emphasizes the significant progress made in the development of space science and technology and their applications that enable humankind to explore the universe, as well as the outstanding achievements made in space exploration activities over the past 50 years, including the deepening of awareness of the planetary and Sun and Earth itself, the use of space science and technology for the benefit of all mankind and the development of an international legal regime governing space activities;", "Recalls that the Treaty on Principles Relevant to the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, entered into force on 10 October 1967, which establishes the basic principles of international space law;", "Also recalls that the Permanent Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space held its first meeting on 27 November 1961, in which it facilitated the adoption of General Assembly resolution 1721 A to E (XVI) of 20 December 1961, in which resolution 1721A (XVI) contained recommendations to States to adopt the first legal principles guiding their space activities; and in its resolution 1721 B (XVI), the Assembly expressed its belief that the United Nations should be a focal point for peaceful exploration and international cooperation in outer space;", "Recognizes that the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, with the assistance of the Office for Outer Space Affairs of the Secretariat over the past 50 years, has provided a unique global platform for international cooperation in the promotion of space activities, and that the Committee and its subsidiary bodies have been at the forefront of promoting cooperation worldwide in the use of space science and technology for the protection of the Earth and space environment and ensuring the future of human civilization;", "Acknowledges the significant changes in the structure and content of space activities, the continuing emergence of new technologies and the growing number of actors at all levels, and notes with satisfaction the progress made in strengthening international cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space through strengthening national economic, social and cultural development capacities and strengthening regulatory frameworks and mechanisms;", "Reaffirms the importance of international cooperation in the development of the rule of law, including the relevant norms of space law and the widest possible adherence to international treaties promoting the peaceful uses of outer space;", "Convinced that space science and technology and their applications, such as satellite communications, Earth observation systems and satellite navigation technologies, provide essential tools for the effective and viable long-term resolution of sustainable development issues, which can contribute more effectively to the promotion of the development of all countries and regions of the world, the improvement of people's lives, the protection of natural resources and the strengthening of disaster preparedness and mitigation consequences;", "Expresses deep concern at the vulnerability of the space environment and the challenges facing the long-term sustainability of outer space activities, in particular the impact of space debris;", "Stresses the need for more in-depth exploration of how advanced space research and exploration systems and technologies can contribute further to addressing challenges, including global climate change, and to promoting food security and global health, and to explore ways to bring the results and spin-off benefits of human space scientific research, in particular for developing countries;", "Emphasizes that regional and interregional cooperation in the field of space activities is essential to strengthen the peaceful uses of outer space, to assist States in developing space capabilities and to promote the achievement of the goals contained in the United Nations Millennium Declaration;2", "Acknowledges the need for closer cooperation between the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space and other intergovernmental bodies involved in the global development agenda, including with regard to major United Nations conferences and summits on economic, social and cultural development;", "Calls upon all States to take measures at the national, regional, interregional and global levels to work together for the use of space science and technology and their applications to protect the planet and its space environment for future generations.", "United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 610, No. 8843.", "[2] See resolution 55/2.", "[3] The term “disaster” means natural or technological disasters.", "[4] See resolution 60/1, para.", "[5] Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 20 (A/66/20).", "[6] Ibid., para.", "[7] Ibid., chap. II.D; A/AC.105/990.", "[8] See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 20 (A/66/20), paras.", "[9] The Treaty on Principles Relevant to the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies (United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 610, No. 8843); Agreement on the Rescue of Spacefarers, Return of Spacefarers and Return of Objects Launched into Outer Space (United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 672, No. 9574); Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects (United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 961, No. 13810); Convention on Registration of Objects Launched into Outer Space (United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 23).", "[10] Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 20 (A/66/20), chap. II.C; A/AC.105/987.", "[11] See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 20 (A/66/20), paras.", "[12] Ibid., Sixty-second Session, Supplement No. 20 (A/62/20), paras. 117 and 118 and annex.", "[13] Ibid., Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 20 (A/66/20), para. 80; A/AC.105/980, paras. II and III.", "[14] See A/AC.105/937.", "[15] See Report of the Third United Nations Conference on the Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, Vienna, 19-30 July 1999 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.00.I.3), chap. I, resolution 1.", "[16] See A/59/174, sect.", "[17] See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 20 (A/66/20), para.", "[18] Ibid., para.", "[19] Ibid., para.", "See A/AC.105/993.", "[21] See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 20 (A/66/20), annex I." ]

[ "2011年12月9日大会决议", "[根据特别政治和非殖民化委员会（第四委员会）的报告(A/66/426)通过]", "66/72. 援助巴勒斯坦难民", "大会，", "回顾其1948年12月11日第194(III)号决议及其后关于这个问题的所有决议，包括2010年12月10日第65/98号决议，", "又回顾其1949年12月8日第302(IV)号决议，其中除其他外，设立了联合国近东巴勒斯坦难民救济和工程处，", "还回顾安全理事会的相关决议，", "意识到巴勒斯坦难民丧失其家园、土地和生计已达六十余载的事实，", "申明亟须解决巴勒斯坦难民问题，以伸张正义，实现该区域的持久和平，", "承认联合国近东巴勒斯坦难民救济和工程处成立至今已六十多年，通过提供教育、健康、救济、社会服务以及在营地基础设施、小额信贷、保护和紧急援助方面持续工作，在改善巴勒斯坦难民困境方面发挥了重要作用，", "表示注意到联合国近东巴勒斯坦难民救济和工程处主任专员关于2010年1月1日至12月31日期间的报告，[1]", "意识到在所有业务地区即约旦、黎巴嫩、阿拉伯叙利亚共和国和巴勒斯坦被占领土内巴勒斯坦难民的持续需要，", "严重关切被占领土内巴勒斯坦难民尤为艰难的处境，包括他们的安全、福祉和社会经济生活状况，", "特别严重关切加沙地带巴勒斯坦难民的人道主义情形和社会经济状况十分严峻，并着重指出紧急人道主义援助和紧迫重建工作的重要性，", "注意到以色列政府与巴勒斯坦解放组织于1993年9月13日签署《关于临时自治安排的原则声明》[2] 以及其后的各项执行协定，", "1. 遗憾地注意到尚未依大会第194(III)号决议第11段的规定遣返或赔偿难民，因此巴勒斯坦难民状况仍然令人严重关切，并且巴勒斯坦难民继续需要得到援助以满足基本的健康、教育和生活需要；", "2. 又遗憾地注意到在执行大会第194(III)号决议第11段方面，联合国巴勒斯坦和解委员会尚无法找到取得进展的途径，并再请该和解委员会继续为执行该段的规定竭尽努力，酌情在2012年9月1日以前就为此所作的努力向大会提出报告；", "3. 申明在巴勒斯坦难民问题得到公正解决以前，联合国近东巴勒斯坦难民救济和工程处的工作有必要继续下去，并为了巴勒斯坦难民的福祉和人类发展及该区域的稳定，必须不受阻碍地开展业务和提供服务；", "4. 吁请所有捐助者继续尽量慷慨捐助，以满足联合国近东巴勒斯坦难民救济和工程处的预期需要，包括因该区域，特别是巴勒斯坦被占领土内严重的社会经济和人道主义状况及不稳定而造成支出增加的需要，以及在最近的紧急呼吁中提到的需要；", "5. 赞扬联合国近东巴勒斯坦难民救济和工程处为巴勒斯坦难民提供了至关重要的援助，作为稳定因素在该区域发挥了作用，以及工程处工作人员为执行任务不懈努力；", "6. 决定依照大会2005年12月8日第60/522号决定确立的标准，邀请卢森堡成为联合国近东巴勒斯坦难民救济和工程处咨询委员会成员。", "2011年12月9日", "第81次全体会议", "[1] 《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第13号》(A/66/13)；同上，《补编第13A号》(A/66/13/Add.1)。", "[2] A/48/486-S/26560，附件。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/66/426)]", "66/72. Assistance to Palestine refugees", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 194 (III) of 11 December 1948 and all its subsequent resolutions on the question, including resolution 65/98 of 10 December 2010,", "Recalling also its resolution 302 (IV) of 8 December 1949, by which, inter alia, it established the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East,", "Recalling further the relevant resolutions of the Security Council,", "Aware of the fact that, for more than six decades, the Palestine refugees have suffered from the loss of their homes, lands and means of livelihood,", "Affirming the imperative of resolving the problem of the Palestine refugees for the achievement of justice and for the achievement of lasting peace in the region,", "Acknowledging the essential role that the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East has played for over sixty years since its establishment in ameliorating the plight of the Palestine refugees through the provision of education, health, relief and social services and ongoing work in the areas of camp infrastructure, microfinance, protection and emergency assistance,", "Taking note of the report of the Commissioner-General of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East covering the period from 1 January to 31 December 2010,[1]", "Aware of the continuing needs of the Palestine refugees throughout all the fields of operation, namely, Jordan, Lebanon, the Syrian Arab Republic and the Occupied Palestinian Territory,", "Expressing grave concern at the especially difficult situation of the Palestine refugees under occupation, including with regard to their safety, well-being and socio-economic living conditions,", "Expressing grave concern in particular at the critical humanitarian situation and socio-economic conditions of the Palestine refugees in the Gaza Strip, and underlining the importance of emergency and humanitarian assistance and urgent reconstruction efforts,", "Noting the signing of the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements[2] on 13 September 1993 by the Government of Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization and the subsequent implementation agreements,", "1. Notes with regret that repatriation or compensation of the refugees, as provided for in paragraph 11 of General Assembly resolution 194 (III), has not yet been effected, and that, therefore, the situation of the Palestine refugees continues to be a matter of grave concern and the Palestine refugees continue to require assistance to meet basic health, education and living needs;", "2. Also notes with regret that the United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine has been unable to find a means of achieving progress in the implementation of paragraph 11 of General Assembly resolution 194 (III), and reiterates its request to the Conciliation Commission to continue exerting efforts towards the implementation of that paragraph and to report to the Assembly on the efforts being exerted in this regard as appropriate, but no later than 1 September 2012;", "3. Affirms the necessity for the continuation of the work of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East and the importance of its unimpeded operation and its provision of services for the well‑being and human development of the Palestine refugees and for the stability of the region, pending the just resolution of the question of the Palestine refugees;", "4. Calls upon all donors to continue to make the most generous efforts possible to meet the anticipated needs of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, including with regard to increased expenditures arising from the serious socio-economic and humanitarian situation and instability in the region, particularly in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, and those mentioned in recent emergency appeals;", "5. Commends the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East for its provision of vital assistance to the Palestine refugees and its role as a stabilizing factor in the region and the tireless efforts of the staff of the Agency in carrying out its mandate;", "6. Decides to invite Luxembourg, in accordance with the criterion set forth in General Assembly decision 60/522 of 8 December 2005, to become a member of the Advisory Commission of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East.", "81st plenary meeting 9 December 2011", "[1]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 13 (A/66/13); and ibid., Supplement No. 13A (A/66/13/Add.1).", "[2]  A/48/486‑S/26560, annex." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/66/426)]", "Assistance to Palestine refugees", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 194 (III) of 11 December 1948 and all subsequent resolutions on this issue, including resolution 65/98 of 10 December 2010,", "Recalling also its resolution 302 (IV) of 8 December 1949, by which it established, inter alia, the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East,", "Recalling further the relevant resolutions of the Security Council,", "Aware that Palestine refugees have lost their homes, lands and livelihoods for the remaining load,", "Affirming the importance of addressing the issue of Palestine refugees in order to achieve justice and lasting peace in the region,", "Recognizing that the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East has played an important role in improving the plight of Palestine refugees by providing education, health, relief, social services and continuing work in camp infrastructure, microcredit, protection and emergency assistance,", "Taking note of the report of the Commissioner-General of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East on the period from 1 January to 31 December 2010,", "Aware of the continuing needs of Palestine refugees in all areas of operation, namely Jordan, Lebanon, the Syrian Arab Republic and the Occupied Palestinian Territory,", "Gravely concerned about the particularly difficult situation of Palestine refugees in the occupied territories, including their security, well-being and socio-economic living conditions,", "Gravely concerned at the dire humanitarian situation and the socio-economic situation of Palestine refugees in the Gaza Strip, and stressing the importance of emergency humanitarian assistance and urgent reconstruction efforts,", "Taking note of the signing by the Israeli Government and the Palestine Liberation Organization on 13 September 1993 of the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements [2] and subsequent implementation agreements,", "Notes with regret that the situation of Palestine remains a serious concern and that the Palestine refugees continue to need assistance to meet basic health, education and life needs, as provided for in paragraph 11 of General Assembly resolution 194 (III);", "Also notes with regret that, in the implementation of paragraph 11 of General Assembly resolution 194 (III), the United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine has not yet been able to find ways to make progress, and requests the Committee to continue its efforts to implement the paragraph and to report to the General Assembly, as appropriate, on its efforts to that effect by 1 September 2012;", "Affirms the need for the continuation of the work of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East before a just settlement of the Palestine refugees and for the well-being and human development of Palestine refugees and stability in the region, and the need for unhindered operational and service delivery;", "Calls upon all donors to continue to make the fullest possible and generous contributions to meet the anticipated needs of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, including the increased requirements arising from the severe socio-economic and humanitarian situation and instability in the region, in particular in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, and the needs mentioned in the recent flash appeal;", "Commends the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East for its vital assistance to Palestine refugees as a stabilizing factor in the region and for the tireless efforts of UNRWA staff to carry out their mandates;", "Decides to invite Luxembourg to become a member of the Advisory Committee on the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, in accordance with the criteria established by the General Assembly in its decision 60/522 of 8 December 2005.", "9 December 2011", "81st plenary meeting", "See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 13 (A/64/13); ibid., Supplement No. 13A (A/64/23/Add.1).", "[2] A/48/486-S/26560, annex." ]

[ "2011年12月9日大会决议", "[根据特别政治和非殖民化委员会（第四委员会）的报告(A/66/426)通过]", "66/73. 因1967年6月及其后的敌对行动而流离失所的人", "大会，", "回顾其1967年7月4日第2252(ES-V)号和1967年12月19日第2341B(XXII)号决议及其后所有有关决议，", "又回顾安全理事会1967年6月14日第237(1967)号和1968年9月27日第259(1968)号决议，", "表示注意到秘书长依照大会2010年12月10日第65/99号决议提交的报告，[1]", "又表示注意到联合国近东巴勒斯坦难民救济和工程处主任专员关于2010年1月1日至12月31日期间的报告，[2]", "关切1967年6月及其后的敌对行动继续给人们造成的痛苦，", "表示注意到1993年9月13日《关于临时自治安排的原则声明》[3] 中对于接纳在1967年流离失所的人的方式的相关规定，并关切商定的进程尚未实行，", "1. 重申所有因1967年6月及其后的敌对行动而流离失所的人有权返回他们在1967年以来被以色列占领的领土内的家园或前居住地；", "2. 强调指出有必要加速流离失所者的回返，并吁请遵守1993年9月13日《关于临时自治安排的原则声明》³ 第十二条中当事各方就流离失所者的回返所商定的机制；", "3. 与此同时认可联合国近东巴勒斯坦难民救济和工程处主任专员作出努力，尽量在实际可行的范围内，作为紧急情况下的一项临时措施，继续向该地区因1967年6月及其后的敌对行动而目前流离失所、亟须继续获得援助者提供人道主义援助；", "4. 强烈呼吁所有国家政府、组织和个人为上述目的向工程处和其他有关政府间组织和非政府组织慷慨捐助；", "5. 请秘书长同主任专员协商后，在大会第六十七届会议之前，就本决议的执行进展情况向大会提出报告。", "2011年12月9日", "第81次全体会议", "[1] A/66/222。", "[2] 《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第13号》(A/66/13)；同上，《补编第13A号》(A/66/13/Add.1)。", "[3] A/48/486-S/26560，附件。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/66/426)]", "66/73. Persons displaced as a result of the June 1967 and subsequent hostilities", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 2252 (ES-V) of 4 July 1967, 2341 B (XXII) of 19 December 1967 and all subsequent related resolutions,", "Recalling also Security Council resolutions 237 (1967) of 14 June 1967 and 259 (1968) of 27 September 1968,", "Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General submitted in pursuance of its resolution 65/99 of 10 December 2010,[1]", "Taking note also of the report of the Commissioner-General of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East covering the period from 1 January to 31 December 2010,[2]", "Concerned about the continuing human suffering resulting from the June 1967 and subsequent hostilities,", "Taking note of the relevant provisions of the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements of 13 September 1993[3] with regard to the modalities for the admission of persons displaced in 1967, and concerned that the process agreed upon has not yet been effected,", "1. Reaffirms the right of all persons displaced as a result of the June 1967 and subsequent hostilities to return to their homes or former places of residence in the territories occupied by Israel since 1967;", "2. Stresses the necessity for an accelerated return of displaced persons, and calls for compliance with the mechanism agreed upon by the parties in article XII of the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements of 13 September 1993³ on the return of displaced persons;", "3. Endorses, in the meanwhile, the efforts of the Commissioner-General of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East to continue to provide humanitarian assistance, as far as practicable, on an emergency basis, and as a temporary measure, to persons in the area who are currently displaced and in serious need of continued assistance as a result of the June 1967 and subsequent hostilities;", "4. Strongly appeals to all Governments and to organizations and individuals to contribute generously to the Agency and to the other intergovernmental and non‑governmental organizations concerned for the above-mentioned purposes;", "5. Requests the Secretary-General, after consulting with the Commissioner-General, to report to the General Assembly before its sixty-seventh session on the progress made with regard to the implementation of the present resolution.", "81st plenary meeting 9 December 2011", "[1]  A/66/222.", "[2]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 13 (A/66/13); and ibid., Supplement No. 13A (A/66/13/Add.1).", "[3]  A/48/486‑S/26560, annex." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/66/426)]", "Persons displaced as a result of the June 1967 and subsequent hostilities", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 2252 (ES-V) of 4 July 1967 and 2341 B (XXII) of 19 December 1967 and all subsequent relevant resolutions,", "Recalling also Security Council resolutions 237 (1967) of 14 June 1967 and 259 (1968) of 27 September 1968,", "Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General pursuant to General Assembly resolution 65/99 of 10 December 2010,", "Taking note also of the report of the Commissioner-General of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East on the period from 1 January to 31 December 2010, [2]", "Concerned at the continued suffering of the June 1967 and subsequent hostilities,", "Taking note of the relevant provisions in the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements of 13 September 1993 [3] concerning the manner in which persons displaced in 1967 are admitted, and concerned that the agreed process has not yet been implemented,", "Reaffirms the right of all persons displaced by June 1967 and subsequent hostilities to return to their homes or places of residence in the territories occupied by Israel since 1967;", "Stressing the need to accelerate the return of displaced persons, and calling for compliance with the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements of 13 September 19933 The mechanisms agreed upon by the parties in Article 12 for the return of displaced persons;", "Endorses, at the same time, the efforts of the Commissioner-General of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East to continue to provide humanitarian assistance, as far as practicable, as an interim measure in emergencies, for the current displacement of the region as a result of the June 1967 and subsequent hostilities;", "Strongly calls upon all Governments, organizations and individuals to contribute generously to the Agency and other relevant intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations for the above-mentioned purposes;", "Requests the Secretary-General, in consultation with the Commissioner-General, to report to the General Assembly before its sixty-seventh session on progress made in the implementation of the present resolution.", "9 December 2011", "81st plenary meeting", "A/HRC/12/Add.1.", "[2] Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 13 (A/64/13); ibid., Supplement No. 13A (A/64/23/Add.1).", "[3] A/48/486-S/26560, annex." ]

[ "2011年12月9日大会决议", "[根据特别政治和非殖民化委员会（第四委员会）的报告(A/66/426)通过]", "66/74. 联合国近东巴勒斯坦难民救济和工程处的业务", "大会，", "回顾其1948年12月11日第194(III)号、1948年11月19日第212(III)号、1949年12月8日第302(IV)号决议及其后所有有关决议，包括2010年12月10日第65/100号决议，", "又回顾安全理事会各项相关决议，", "审议了联合国近东巴勒斯坦难民救济和工程处主任专员关于2010年1月1日至12月31日期间的报告，[1]", "表示注意到2011年6月22日联合国近东巴勒斯坦难民救济和工程处咨询委员会主席给主任专员的信，[2]", "深为关切工程处面临部分因结构性资金不足而造成的危急财务状况以及该区域的社会经济和人道主义状况恶化和不稳定使其支出增加，这对工程处向巴勒斯坦难民提供必要的服务，包括对其与紧急情况有关的方案及发展方案造成很大不利影响，", "回顾《联合国宪章》第一百条、第一百零四条和第一百零五条以及《联合国特权和豁免公约》，[3]", "又回顾《联合国人员和有关人员安全公约》，[4]", "申明1949年8月12日《关于战时保护平民之日内瓦公约》[5] 适用于1967年以来包括东耶路撒冷在内巴勒斯坦被占领土，", "意识到在所有业务地区，即约旦、黎巴嫩和阿拉伯叙利亚共和国境内以及巴勒斯坦被占领土内的巴勒斯坦难民的持续需要，", "严重关切包括东耶路撒冷在内巴勒斯坦被占领土内，特别是在加沙地带的难民营中的巴勒斯坦难民社会经济条件极其艰难，原因是以色列继续实行长期关闭措施、建造定居点和隔离墙，以及施加实际上等于封锁的严厉经济和流动限制，这些加重了难民的失业率和贫困率，", "又严重关切2008年12月至2009年1月在加沙地带采取军事行动继续带来的不良后果，尤其是给包括妇女和儿童在内巴勒斯坦平民造成大量的伤亡，巴勒斯坦人的住宅、财产、关键基础设施和包括医院、学校和联合国设施在内的公共机构广遭损毁和破坏，包括难民在内的平民在境内流离失所，", "赞扬工程处作出了卓绝的努力，向加沙地带处境艰难和流离失所的家庭提供紧急救济、医药、食物、住所和其他人道主义援助，", "在这方面回顾其2009年1月16日第ES-10/18号决议和安全理事会2009年1月8日第1860(2009)号决议，", "对于以色列继续施加限制，阻碍工程处努力修复和重建数以千计被破坏或损毁的难民住所的行动表示遗憾，并吁请以色列确保不受阻碍地向加沙地带输入必需的建筑材料，同时考虑到该地出入情况方面的最新事态，", "表示关切加沙地带教室严重缺乏，及以色列持续施加限制阻碍必需的建筑材料输入加沙地带而使工程处建造新学校的能力受限，从而对难民儿童受教育的权利产生不利影响，", "强调指出迫切需要推进加沙地带的重建，包括完成工程处管理的被中断的项目，并加速开展由联合国牵头的其他紧急民生设施的重建活动，", "促请继续支付2009年3月2日在埃及沙姆沙伊赫举行的支持巴勒斯坦经济重建加沙国际会议上作出的认捐，以加速重建进程，", "赞赏地注意到重建巴里德河难民营项目第一阶段竣工，赞扬黎巴嫩政府、捐助者、工程处以及其他有关方面取得重要进展和继续致力于援助因受影响而流离失所的难民，并强调需立即追加资金，完成营地重建工作，结束该地2千7百名居民的流离失所状况，", "意识到工程处在为巴勒斯坦人民，尤其是巴勒斯坦难民提供保护方面所做的宝贵工作，", "痛惜报告所述期间工程处工作人员的安全受到威胁，工程处设施和财产，包括工程处“夏令运动会”文娱财产遭到破坏和损毁，", "特别又痛惜根据秘书长关于调查委员会报告的摘要[6] 和联合国加沙冲突实况调查团的报告，[7] 工程处在加沙地带的设施，其中包括平民藏身的学校以及工程处的主要营地和仓库于2008年12月至2009年1月的军事行动期间广遭破坏和损毁，", "还痛惜在这方面，因联合国房舍的不可侵犯性受到侵犯，本组织的财产和资产未能免受侵扰，联合国人员、房地和财产未能得到保护，", "痛惜自2000年9月以来巴勒斯坦被占领土上工程处工作人员多人被以色列占领军杀害和击伤，", "又痛惜以色列占领军在2008年12月至2009年1月的军事行动期间杀害和伤害工程处学校的难民儿童，", "深为关切工程处工作人员、车辆和货物的自由流动和进出继续受到限制，工程处工作人员受到伤害、骚扰和恐吓，这危害和妨碍工程处的工作，包括其提供必要的基本和紧急服务的能力，", "意识到工程处和以色列政府之间的协定，", "表示注意到1994年6月24日工程处和巴勒斯坦解放组织以换函形式达成的协定，[8]", "1. 申明联合国近东巴勒斯坦难民救济和工程处的有效运作仍然是所有业务地区所必需的；", "2. 赞赏联合国近东巴勒斯坦难民救济和工程处主任专员及其全体工作人员的不懈努力和宝贵工作，特别是考虑到去年的困难情况和不稳定处境；", "3. 特别赞扬工程处成立六十多年来发挥了基本作用，为巴勒斯坦难民的福祉、人类发展和保护以及改善其困境提供重要服务；", "4. 赞赏东道国政府为工程处履行职务提供了重要的支助；", "5. 又赞赏联合国近东巴勒斯坦难民救济和工程处咨询委员会，并请它继续作出努力和经常向大会通报其活动；", "6. 表示赞赏地注意到联合国近东巴勒斯坦难民救济和工程处经费筹措问题工作组的报告[9] 及为协助确立工程处的资金保障而作的努力，并请秘书长向工作组提供必要的服务和协助，以便工作组开展工作；", "7. 赞扬将于2010年1月开始的工程处六年中期战略，以及主任专员继续努力增强工程处预算透明度和提高效率，这体现于工程处2012-2013两年期方案预算；[10]", "8. 又赞扬工程处持续开展改革努力，并促请工程处继续厉行节约措施，降低业务和行政费用，优化利用资源；", "9. 赞赏地注意到秘书长关于加强联合国近东巴勒斯坦难民救济和工程处管理能力的报告，[11] 并进一步吁请会员国认真审议关于请秘书长通过提供联合国经常预算财政资源支持在体制上加强工程处的提议；", "10. 认可主任专员作出努力，尽量在实际可行的范围内，作为紧急情况下的一项临时措施，继续向该地区内由于工程处业务区域最近危机而在境内流离失所、亟须继续获得援助的人提供人道主义援助；", "11. 欢迎工程处在重建黎巴嫩北部巴里德河巴勒斯坦难民营方面至今取得的进展，并吁请通过落实2008年6月23日在维也纳举行的巴里德河巴勒斯坦难民营和黎巴嫩北部受冲突影响地区恢复和重建国际捐助者会议上作出的认捐，从速完成其重建工作，继续向2007年该难民营摧毁后的流离失所者提供救济援助，并减轻他们当前的苦难；", "12. 鼓励工程处同联合国其他相关实体密切合作，继续在其业务中分别依照《儿童权利公约》、[12] 《消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约》[13] 和《残疾人权利公约》[14] 在处理儿童、妇女和残疾人需求和权利方面取得进展；", "13. 在这方面赞扬工程处的“夏令运动会”举措，向加沙地带的儿童提供娱乐、文化和教育活动，同时确认其积极贡献，吁请全力支持有关举措；", "14. 关切因当地情况恶化和不稳定，工程处国际工作人员从加沙市总部迁到其他地方，打乱了总部业务；", "15. 吁请占领国以色列充分遵守1949年8月12日《关于战时保护平民之日内瓦公约》⁵ 的规定；", "16. 又吁请以色列遵守《联合国宪章》第一百条、第一百零四条和第一百零五条及《联合国特权和豁免公约》，³ 以确保工程处工作人员的安全，对其在包括东耶路撒冷在内巴勒斯坦被占领土内的各机构加以保护并对其设施提供安全保障；", "17. 敦促以色列政府加速向工程处偿还收取的所有过境费，以及由于以色列对流动和进出强加限制造成延误而遭受的其他财政损失；", "18. 吁请以色列特别是停止阻碍工程处工作人员、车辆和供应品的流动和进出，停止征收税项、额外费用和收费，因为这些行动对工程处的业务产生不利影响；", "19. 再次吁请以色列完全解除阻碍输入必需的建筑材料和物资的限制，以便重建和修复数以千计遭破坏或损毁的难民收容所，并执行加沙地带难民营内被中断的民生基础设施项目，同时注意到在此方面开始开展了若干项目；", "20. 请主任专员着手为巴勒斯坦被占领土内的巴勒斯坦难民及其后裔发放身份证；", "21. 赞赏地注意到工程处通过巴勒斯坦难民记录项目进行档案现代化取得了进展，包括第一阶段完工，鼓励主任专员尽快完成项目其余部分，并向大会第六十七届会议报告进展；", "22. 又赞赏地注意到工程处的小额供资方案取得成功，并吁请工程处与有关机构密切合作，继续在所有业务地区为建立巴勒斯坦难民的经济和社会稳定作出贡献；", "23. 再次呼吁所有国家、专门机构和非政府组织除对工程处经常预算捐款外，继续提供并增加特别拨款，用作巴勒斯坦难民高等教育的赠款和奖学金，帮助设立巴勒斯坦难民职业训练中心，并请工程处担任赠款和奖学金特别拨款的受款人和受托人；", "24. 敦促所有国家、专门机构和非政府组织继续和增加对工程处捐款，以应对严重拮据的财政状况和资金不足，尤其是工程处的经常预算赤字，同时注意到，当地目前的人道主义状况造成特别是紧急服务支出增加，从而导致资金短缺加剧；支持工程处进行宝贵而必要的工作，帮助所有业务地区的巴勒斯坦难民。", "2011年12月9日", "第81次全体会议", "[1] 《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第13号》(A/66/13)；同上，《补编第13A号》(A/66/13/Add.1)。", "[2] 《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第13号》(A/66/13)，第vi和vii页。", "[3] 第22A(I)号决议。", "[4] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第2051卷，第35457号。", "[5] 同上，第75卷，第973号。", "[6] 见A/63/855-S/2009/250。", "[7] A/HRC/12/48。", "[8] 《大会正式记录，第四十九届会议，补编第13号》(A/49/13)，附件一。", "[9] A/66/520。", "[10] 《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第13A号》(A/66/13/Add.1)。", "[11] A/65/705。", "[12] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第1577卷，第27531号。", "[13] 同上，第1249卷，第20378号。", "[14] 同上，第2515卷，第44910号。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/66/426)]", "66/74. Operations of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 194 (III) of 11 December 1948, 212 (III) of 19 November 1948, 302 (IV) of 8 December 1949 and all subsequent related resolutions, including its resolution 65/100 of 10 December 2010,", "Recalling also the relevant resolutions of the Security Council,", "Having considered the report of the Commissioner-General of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East covering the period from 1 January to 31 December 2010,[1]", "Taking note of the letter dated 22 June 2011 from the Chair of the Advisory Commission of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East to the Commissioner-General,[2]", "Deeply concerned about the critical financial situation of the Agency, caused in part by the structural underfunding of the Agency, as well as its rising expenditures resulting from the deterioration of the socio-economic and humanitarian conditions and the instability in the region and their significant negative impact on the provision of necessary Agency services to the Palestine refugees, including its emergency-related and development programmes,", "Recalling Articles 100, 104 and 105 of the Charter of the United Nations and the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations,[3]", "Recalling also the Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel,[4]", "Affirming the applicability of the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, of 12 August 1949,[5] to the Palestinian territory occupied since 1967, including East Jerusalem,", "Aware of the continuing needs of the Palestine refugees in all fields of operation, namely, Jordan, Lebanon, the Syrian Arab Republic and the Occupied Palestinian Territory,", "Gravely concerned about the extremely difficult socio-economic conditions being faced by the Palestine refugees in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, particularly in the refugee camps in the Gaza Strip, as a result of the continuing prolonged Israeli closures, the construction of settlements and the wall, and the severe economic and movement restrictions that in effect amount to a blockade, which have deepened unemployment and poverty rates among the refugees,", "Gravely concerned also about the continuing negative repercussions of the military operations in the Gaza Strip between December 2008 and January 2009, which caused extensive loss of life and injury, particularly among Palestinian civilians, including children and women; widespread destruction and damage to Palestinian homes, properties, vital infrastructure and public institutions, including hospitals, schools and United Nations facilities; and internal displacement of civilians, including refugees,", "Commending the extraordinary efforts by the Agency to provide emergency relief, medical, food, shelter and other humanitarian assistance to needy and displaced families in the Gaza Strip,", "Recalling, in this regard, its resolution ES‑10/18 of 16 January 2009 and Security Council resolution 1860 (2009) of 8 January 2009,", "Expressing regret over the continued restrictions that impede the Agency’s efforts to repair and rebuild thousands of damaged or destroyed refugee shelters, and calling upon Israel to ensure the unimpeded import of essential construction materials into the Gaza Strip, while taking note of recent developments regarding the situation of access there,", "Expressing concern about the severe classroom shortage in the Gaza Strip and the consequent negative impact on the right to education of refugee children as a result of the constraints on the ability of the Agency to construct new schools due to Israel’s ongoing restrictions impeding the entry of necessary construction materials into the Gaza Strip,", "Stressing the urgent need for the advancement of reconstruction in the Gaza Strip, including through the completion of suspended projects managed by the Agency, and for the accelerated implementation of other urgent United Nations-led civilian reconstruction activities,", "Urging the continuing disbursement of pledges made at the International Conference in Support of the Palestinian Economy for the Reconstruction of Gaza, held in Sharm el‑Sheikh, Egypt, on 2 March 2009, to accelerate the reconstruction process,", "Noting with appreciation the completion of the first phase of the project to rebuild the Nahr el‑Bared refugee camp, commending the Government of Lebanon, donors, the Agency and other concerned parties for the important progress made and for the continuing efforts to assist affected and displaced refugees, and emphasizing the need for additional funding to complete the reconstruction of the camp and end the displacement of its twenty-seven thousand residents without delay,", "Aware of the valuable work done by the Agency in providing protection to the Palestinian people, in particular Palestine refugees,", "Deploring the endangerment of the safety of the Agency’s staff and the damage and destruction caused to the facilities and properties of the Agency, including damage caused to the Agency’s “Summer Games” recreational properties, during the reporting period,", "Deploring also, in particular, the extensive damage and destruction of Agency facilities in the Gaza Strip caused during the military operations between December 2008 and January 2009, including schools where civilians were sheltered and the Agency’s main compound and warehouse, as reported in the summary by the Secretary-General of the report of the Board of Inquiry[6] and in the report of the United Nations Fact-finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict,[7]", "Deploring further, in this regard, the breaches of the inviolability of United Nations premises, the failure to accord the property and assets of the Organization immunity from any form of interference and the failure to protect United Nations personnel, premises and property,", "Deploring the killing and injury of Agency staff members by the Israeli occupying forces in the Occupied Palestinian Territory since September 2000,", "Deploring also the killing and wounding of refugee children in the Agency schools by the Israeli occupying forces during the military operations between December 2008 and January 2009,", "Deeply concerned about the continuing imposition of restrictions on the freedom of movement and access of the Agency’s staff, vehicles and goods, and the injury, harassment and intimidation of the Agency’s staff, which undermine and obstruct the work of the Agency, including its ability to provide essential basic and emergency services,", "Aware of the agreement between the Agency and the Government of Israel,", "Taking note of the agreement reached on 24 June 1994, embodied in an exchange of letters between the Agency and the Palestine Liberation Organization,[8]", "1. Reaffirms that the effective functioning of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East remains essential in all fields of operation;", "2. Expresses its appreciation to the Commissioner-General of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, as well as to all of the staff of the Agency, for their tireless efforts and valuable work, particularly in the light of the difficult conditions and unstable circumstances faced during the past year;", "3. Expresses special commendation to the Agency for the essential role that it has played for over sixty years since its establishment in providing vital services for the well-being, human development and protection of the Palestine refugees and the amelioration of their plight;", "4. Expresses its appreciation for the important support provided by the host Governments to the Agency in the discharge of its duties;", "5. Also expresses its appreciation to the Advisory Commission of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, and requests it to continue its efforts and to keep the General Assembly informed of its activities;", "6. Takes note with appreciation of the report of the Working Group on the Financing of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East[9] and the efforts to assist in ensuring the financial security of the Agency, and requests the Secretary-General to provide the necessary services and assistance to the Working Group for the conduct of its work;", "7. Commends the Agency’s six-year Medium-Term Strategy, which commenced in January 2010, and the continuing efforts of the Commissioner-General to increase the budgetary transparency and efficiency of the Agency, as reflected in the Agency’s programme budget for the biennium 2012–2013;[10]", "8. Also commends the Agency for sustaining its reform efforts, and urges it to continue to apply maximum efficiency procedures to reduce operational and administrative costs and to maximize the use of resources;", "9. Takes note with appreciation of the report of the Secretary-General on the strengthening of the management capacity of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East,[11] and further urges all Member States to carefully consider its proposal for support by the Secretary-General of the institutional strengthening of the Agency through the provision of financial resources from the regular budget of the United Nations;", "10. Endorses the efforts of the Commissioner-General to continue to provide humanitarian assistance, as far as practicable, on an emergency basis, and as a temporary measure, to persons in the area who are internally displaced and in serious need of continued assistance as a result of recent crises in the Agency’s fields of operation;", "11. Welcomes the progress made thus far by the Agency in rebuilding the Nahr el‑Bared refugee camp in northern Lebanon, and calls for the expeditious completion of its reconstruction, for the continued provision of relief assistance to those displaced following its destruction in 2007 and for the alleviation of their ongoing suffering through the fulfilment of pledges made at the International Donor Conference for the Recovery and Reconstruction of the Nahr el‑Bared Palestine Refugee Camp and Conflict-affected Areas of Northern Lebanon, held in Vienna on 23 June 2008;", "12. Encourages the Agency, in close cooperation with other relevant United Nations entities, to continue making progress in addressing the needs and rights of children, women and persons with disabilities in its operations in accordance with the Convention on the Rights of the Child,[12] the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women,[13] and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities,[14] respectively;", "13. Commends, in this regard, the Agency’s “Summer Games” initiative providing recreational, cultural and educational activities for children in the Gaza Strip and, recognizing its positive contribution, calls for full support of the initiative;", "14. Expresses concern about the relocation of the international staff of the Agency from its headquarters in Gaza City and the disruption of operations at the headquarters due to the deterioration and instability of the situation on the ground;", "15. Calls upon Israel, the occupying Power, to comply fully with the provisions of the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, of 12 August 1949;⁵", "16. Also calls upon Israel to abide by Articles 100, 104 and 105 of the Charter of the United Nations and the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations³ in order to ensure the safety of the personnel of the Agency, the protection of its institutions and the safeguarding of the security of its facilities in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem;", "17. Urges the Government of Israel to expeditiously reimburse the Agency for all transit charges incurred and other financial losses sustained as a result of delays and restrictions on movement and access imposed by Israel;", "18. Calls upon Israel particularly to cease obstructing the movement and access of the staff, vehicles and supplies of the Agency and to cease the levying of taxes, extra fees and charges, which affect the Agency’s operations detrimentally;", "19. Reiterates its call upon Israel to fully lift the restrictions impeding the import of necessary construction materials and supplies for the reconstruction and repair of thousands of damaged or destroyed refugee shelters, and for the implementation of suspended civilian infrastructure projects in refugee camps in the Gaza Strip, while noting the commencement of several projects in this regard;", "20. Requests the Commissioner-General to proceed with the issuance of identification cards for Palestine refugees and their descendants in the Occupied Palestinian Territory;", "21. Notes with appreciation the progress made by the Agency in the modernization of its archives through the Palestine Refugee Records Project, including the completion of phase I, and encourages the Commissioner-General to finalize the remaining components of the Project as rapidly as possible and to report on the progress made to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "22. Also notes with appreciation the success of the Agency’s microfinance programme, and calls upon the Agency, in close cooperation with the relevant agencies, to continue to contribute to the development of the economic and social stability of the Palestine refugees in all fields of operation;", "23. Reiterates its appeals to all States, the specialized agencies and non‑governmental organizations to continue and to augment the special allocations for grants and scholarships for higher education to Palestine refugees in addition to their contributions to the regular budget of the Agency and to contribute to the establishment of vocational training centres for Palestine refugees, and requests the Agency to act as the recipient and trustee for the special allocations for grants and scholarships;", "24. Urges all States, the specialized agencies and non-governmental organizations to continue and to increase their contributions to the Agency in order to address the serious financial constraints and underfunding, especially with respect to the Agency’s regular budget deficit, noting that financial shortfalls have been exacerbated by the current humanitarian situation on the ground that has resulted in rising expenditures, in particular with regard to emergency services, and to support the Agency’s valuable and necessary work in assisting the Palestine refugees in all fields of operation.", "81st plenary meeting 9 December 2011", "[1]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 13 (A/66/13); and ibid., Supplement No. 13A (A/66/13/Add.1).", "[2]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 13 (A/66/13), pp. vi and vii.", "[3]  Resolution 22 A (I).", "[4]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2051, No. 35457.", "[5]  Ibid., vol. 75, No. 973.", "[6]  See A/63/855‑S/2009/250.", "[7]  A/HRC/12/48.", "[8]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Forty-ninth Session, Supplement No. 13 (A/49/13), annex I.", "[9]  A/66/520.", "[10]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 13A (A/66/13/Add.1).", "[11]  A/65/705.", "[12]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1577, No. 27531.", "[13]  Ibid., vol. 1249, No. 20378.", "[14]  Ibid., vol. 2515, No. 44910." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/66/426)]", "Operations of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 194 (III) of 11 December 1948, 212 (III) of 19 November 1948, 302 (IV) of 8 December 1949 and all subsequent relevant resolutions, including resolution 65/100 of 10 December 2010,", "Recalling also the relevant Security Council resolutions,", "Having considered the report of the Commissioner-General of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East for the period from 1 January to 31 December 2010, contained in a separate report", "Taking note of the letter dated 22 June 2011 from the Chairman of the Advisory Committee on the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East addressed to the Commissioner-General, [2]", "Deeply concerned at the precarious financial situation faced by the Agency as a result of inadequate structural funding and the increased socio-economic and humanitarian situation in the region, which has had a significant negative impact on the Agency's provision of the necessary services to the Palestine refugees, including its programmes and development programmes related to emergencies,", "Recalling Articles 100, 101 and 105 of the Charter of the United Nations and the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations, [3]", "Recalling also the Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel, [4]", "Affirms that the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War of 12 August 1949 [5] applies to the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, since 1967,", "Aware of the continuing needs of Palestine refugees in all areas of operation, namely Jordan, Lebanon and the Syrian Arab Republic, and in the Occupied Palestinian Territory,", "Gravely concerned about the extremely difficult socio-economic conditions of the Palestine refugees in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, particularly in camps in the Gaza Strip, as a result of Israel's continued imposition of long-term closure measures, the construction of settlements and the separation wall, and the imposition of severe economic and mobility restrictions that actually amount to the blockade, which exacerbate the unemployment and poverty rates of refugees,", "Also gravely concerned at the negative consequences of the continuing military operation in the Gaza Strip from December 2008 to January 2009, in particular the large number of casualties among Palestinian civilians, including women and children, and the widespread destruction and destruction of Palestinian homes, properties, critical infrastructure and public institutions, including hospitals, schools and United Nations facilities, including the internal displacement of civilians, including refugees,", "Commending the Agency for its impressive efforts to provide emergency relief, medicines, food, shelter and other humanitarian assistance to families in the Gaza Strip in distress and displaced areas,", "Recalling in this regard its resolution ES-10/18 of 16 January 2009 and Security Council resolution 1860 (2009) of 8 January 2009,", "Expressing regret at the continuing restrictions imposed by Israel on the Agency's efforts to rehabilitate and rebuild thousands of destroyed or destroyed refugee homes, and calling on Israel to ensure unhindered access to essential building materials in the Gaza Strip, taking into account the latest developments in the access situation,", "Expressing concern at the serious lack of classrooms in the Gaza Strip and the continuing imposition of restrictions on Israel's ability to build new schools in the Gaza Strip, which have adversely affected the right of refugee children to education,", "Stressing the urgent need for the reconstruction of the Gaza Strip, including the completion of the interrupted projects administered by the Agency and the accelerated reconstruction of other emergency civilian facilities led by the United Nations,", "Urging continued disbursement of pledges made at the International Conference in Support of the Palestinian Economy for the Reconstruction of Gaza, held in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, on 2 March 2009, to accelerate the reconstruction process,", "Noting with appreciation the completion of the first phase of the reconstruction of the Nahr el-Bared refugee camp project, commending the Government of Lebanon, donors, the Agency and other relevant progress made and its continued commitment to assisting refugees displaced by the impact, and stressing the need for immediate additional funding to complete the reconstruction of the camps and to end the displacement of seven hundred inhabitants of the area,", "Aware of the valuable work of the Agency in providing protection to the Palestinian people, in particular Palestine refugees,", "Deploring the threat to the security of the Agency's staff during the reporting period, and the damage and damage to the Agency's facilities and property, including the Agency's “Country” campaign,", "Deploring in particular the extensive destruction and destruction of the Agency's facilities in the Gaza Strip, in accordance with the report of the Secretary-General on the report of the Commission of Inquiry [6] and the report of the United Nations fact-finding mission on the conflict in Gaza, [7], including the schools in which civilians are seized and the major UNRWA camps and warehouses during the military operations from December 2008 to January 2009,", "Deploring in this regard that the property and assets of the Organization are not protected by the inviolability of United Nations premises and by the failure to protect United Nations personnel, premises and property,", "Deploring that the number of UNRWA staff members in the Occupied Palestinian Territory since September 2000 have been killed and injured by the Israeli occupying forces,", "Deploring also the killing and injury of refugee children in the Agency's schools by Israeli occupying forces during military operations from December 2008 to January 2009,", "Deeply concerned that the free movement and access of UNRWA staff, vehicles and goods continue to be restricted, and that the staff of the Agency suffer harm, harassment and intimidation, which endangers and hampers the work of the Agency, including its ability to provide the necessary basic and urgent services,", "Aware of the agreements between the Agency and the Government of Israel,", "Taking note of the agreement reached on 24 June 1994 by the Agency and the Palestine Liberation Organization in the form of communications, [8]", "Affirms that the effective functioning of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East remains essential in all operational areas;", "Expresses its appreciation to the Commissioner-General of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East and all his staff for their tireless efforts and valuable work, in particular given the difficult circumstances of the past year and the precarious situation;", "Commends in particular the Agency for having played a fundamental role over the past six years in providing important services for the well-being, human development and protection of Palestine refugees and for improving their plight;", "Expresses its appreciation to the host Government for its important support for the Agency's performance;", "Also commends the Advisory Committee of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East and requests it to continue its efforts and to keep the General Assembly informed of its activities;", "Takes note with appreciation of the report of the Working Group on the Financing of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East [9] and the efforts made to assist in the establishment of the Agency's financial security, and requests the Secretary-General to provide the necessary services and assistance to the Working Group in order to carry out its work;", "Commends the six-year medium-term strategy of the Agency, to be launched in January 2010, and the continued efforts of the Commissioner-General to enhance the budgetary transparency and efficiency of the Agency, as reflected in the programme budget for the biennium 2012-2013 of the Agency; [10]", "Also commends the Agency for its ongoing reform efforts, and urges the Agency to continue its efforts to scale up measures to reduce operational and administrative costs and to optimize the use of resources;", "Takes note with appreciation of the report of the Secretary-General on strengthening the management capacity of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, [11] and further calls upon Member States to consider carefully the proposals of the Secretary-General to support the strengthening of the Agency in an institutional manner through the provision of financial resources from the regular budget of the United Nations;", "Endorses the efforts of the Commissioner-General to continue to provide humanitarian assistance to persons in the region who are internally displaced as a result of the recent crisis in the Agency's operations region, as far as practicable, as possible;", "Welcomes the progress made by the Agency in rebuilding the Palestinian refugee camps in the northern part of Lebanon, and calls for the prompt completion of its reconstruction efforts and the continued provision of relief assistance to displaced persons after the destruction of the refugee camp in 2007 and to alleviate their current suffering, through the implementation of the pledges made at the international donor conference on the rehabilitation and reconstruction of the Palestinian refugee camps in the Bahr el-Bared River, held in Vienna on 23 June 2008;", "Encourages the Agency, in close cooperation with other relevant entities of the United Nations, to continue its operations in accordance with the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women [12] 13] and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities [14] Progress in addressing the needs and rights of children, women and persons with disabilities;", "Commends, in this regard, the Agency's “Country campaign” initiative to provide recreational, cultural and educational activities to children in the Gaza Strip, while recognizing its positive contribution, and calls for its full support for initiatives;", "Expresses concern at the deterioration and instability of the situation on the ground and the relocation of international staff of the Agency from Gaza City headquarters to other locations, disrupting headquarters operations;", "Calls upon Israel, the occupying Power, to fully comply with the provisions of the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, of 12 August 1949;5", "Also calls upon Israel to abide by Articles 100, 101 and 105 of the Charter of the United Nations and the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations3 in order to ensure the safety of its staff and to protect and provide safety to its institutions in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem;", "Urges the Government of Israel to expedite all transit charges charged to the Agency and other financial losses incurred as a result of delays in the imposition of restrictions on movement and access;", "Calls upon Israel, in particular, to put an end to the flow and access of UNRWA staff, vehicles and supplies and to cease the collection of tax, additional costs and fees, which adversely affect the Agency's operations;", "Reiterates its call upon Israel to fully lift restrictions on access to essential construction materials and supplies in order to rebuild and rehabilitate thousands of destroyed or destroyed refugee shelters and to implement the civilian infrastructure projects that have been disrupted in the refugee camps in the Gaza Strip, while noting that a number of projects have been initiated in this regard;", "Requests the Commissioner-General to proceed with the issuance of identification cards for Palestine refugees and their successors in the Occupied Palestinian Territory;", "Notes with appreciation the progress made by the Agency in the modernization of the archives through the Palestine Refugee Records Project, including the completion of the first phase, and encourages the Commissioner-General to complete the remaining parts of the project as soon as possible and to report on progress to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "Also notes with appreciation the success of the Agency's microfinance programme, and calls upon the Agency, in close cooperation with relevant agencies, to continue to contribute to the economic and social stability of Palestine refugees in all operational areas;", "Reiterates its call upon all States, specialized agencies and non-governmental organizations, in addition to their regular budget contributions to the Agency, to continue to provide and increase special allocations for grants and scholarships for higher education for Palestine refugees, to assist in the establishment of refugee vocational training centres, and requests the Agency to serve as recipients and trustees for special grants and scholarships;", "Urge all States, specialized agencies and non-governmental organizations to continue and increase their contributions to the Agency in order to address the financial situation and underfundament of funds, in particular the Agency's regular budget deficit, while noting that the current humanitarian situation on the ground has resulted in increased funding shortfalls, thereby supporting the Agency in its valuable and necessary work to help the Palestine refugees in all operational areas.", "9 December 2011", "81st plenary meeting", "See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 13 (A/64/13); ibid., Supplement No. 13A (A/64/23/Add.1).", "[2] Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 13 (A/66/13), pp. vi and vii.", "[3] Resolution 22A (I).", "[4] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2051, No. 35457.", "Ibid., vol. 75, No. 973.", "[6] See A/63/855-S/2009/250.", "[7] A/HRC/12/48.", "[8] Official Records of the General Assembly, Forty-ninth Session, Supplement No. 13 (A/49/13), annex I.", "[9] A/66/520.", "[10] Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 13A (A/64/23/Add.1).", "[11] A/65/705.", "[12] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1577, No. 27531.", "[13] Ibid., vol. 1249, No. 20378.", "[14] Ibid., vol. 2515, No. 44910." ]

[ "2011年12月9日大会决议", "[根据特别政治和非殖民化委员会（第四委员会）的报告(A/66/426)通过]", "66/75. 巴勒斯坦难民的财产及其收益", "大会，", "回顾其1948年12月11日第194(III)号和1981年12月16日第36/146C号决议及其后关于这个问题的所有决议，", "表示注意到秘书长依照大会2010年12月10日第65/101号决议提出的报告[1] 以及联合国巴勒斯坦和解委员会关于2010年9月1日至2011年8月31日期间的报告，[2]", "回顾《世界人权宣言》[3] 和国际法原则确认不得任意剥夺任何人财产的原则，", "特别回顾大会1950年12月14日第394(V)号决议责成和解委员会同有关各方协商，规定保护巴勒斯坦难民的权利、财产和利益的措施，", "注意到和解委员会在其第二十二次进度报告[4] 中宣布已完成阿拉伯财产的清查和估价方案，并注意到土地管理局有一份阿拉伯业主一览表和列明阿拉伯财产的地点、面积和其他细节的文件档案，", "赞赏和解委员会保存包括土地记录在内的现有记录和使其现代化，并强调指出这些记录对按照第194(III)号决议公正解决巴勒斯坦难民的困境十分重要，", "回顾在中东和平进程的框架内，巴勒斯坦解放组织和以色列政府在1993年9月13日《关于临时自治安排的原则声明》[5] 中同意就永久地位问题，包括重要的难民问题开始谈判，", "1. 重申巴勒斯坦难民有权按照公平和正义原则，享有其财产及这些财产所得收益；", "2. 请秘书长同联合国巴勒斯坦和解委员会协商，采取一切适当步骤，保护以色列境内的阿拉伯财产、资产和产权；", "3. 再次吁请以色列向秘书长提供一切便利和协助以执行本决议；", "4. 吁请所有有关各方向秘书长提供各自掌握的、可以协助他执行本决议的有关以色列境内阿拉伯财产、资产和产权的任何相关资料；", "5. 促请巴勒斯坦和以色列按照双方所达成的协议，在中东和平进程最后地位谈判框架内，处理巴勒斯坦难民财产及其收益的重要问题；", "6. 请秘书长就本决议的执行情况向大会第六十七届会议提出报告。", "2011年12月9日", "第81次全体会议", "[1] A/66/318。", "[2] A/66/296，附件。", "[3] 第217A(III)号决议。", "[4] 《大会正式记录，第十九届会议，附件》，附件11，A/5700号文件。", "[5] A/48/486-S/26560，附件。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/66/426)]", "66/75. Palestine refugees’ properties and their revenues", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 194 (III) of 11 December 1948 and 36/146 C of 16 December 1981 and all its subsequent resolutions on the question,", "Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General submitted pursuant to its resolution 65/101 of 10 December 2010,[1] as well as that of the United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine for the period from 1 September 2010 to 31 August 2011,[2]", "Recalling that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights[3] and the principles of international law uphold the principle that no one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his or her property,", "Recalling in particular its resolution 394 (V) of 14 December 1950, in which it directed the Conciliation Commission, in consultation with the parties concerned, to prescribe measures for the protection of the rights, property and interests of the Palestine refugees,", "Noting the completion of the programme of identification and evaluation of Arab property, as announced by the Conciliation Commission in its twenty-second progress report,[4] and the fact that the Land Office had a schedule of Arab owners and a file of documents defining the location, area and other particulars of Arab property,", "Expressing its appreciation for the preservation and modernization of the existing records, including the land records, of the Conciliation Commission, and stressing the importance of such records for a just resolution of the plight of the Palestine refugees in conformity with resolution 194 (III),", "Recalling that, in the framework of the Middle East peace process, the Palestine Liberation Organization and the Government of Israel agreed, in the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements of 13 September 1993,[5] to commence negotiations on permanent status issues, including the important issue of the refugees,", "1. Reaffirms that the Palestine refugees are entitled to their property and to the income derived therefrom, in conformity with the principles of equity and justice;", "2. Requests the Secretary-General to take all appropriate steps, in consultation with the United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine, for the protection of Arab property, assets and property rights in Israel;", "3. Calls once again upon Israel to render all facilities and assistance to the Secretary-General in the implementation of the present resolution;", "4. Calls upon all the parties concerned to provide the Secretary-General with any pertinent information in their possession concerning Arab property, assets and property rights in Israel that would assist him in the implementation of the present resolution;", "5. Urges the Palestinian and Israeli sides, as agreed between them, to deal with the important issue of Palestine refugees’ properties and their revenues within the framework of the final status negotiations of the Middle East peace process;", "6. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the implementation of the present resolution.", "81st plenary meeting 9 December 2011", "[1]  A/66/318.", "[2]  A/66/296, annex.", "[3]  Resolution 217 A (III).", "[4]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Nineteenth Session, Annexes, Annex No. 11, document A/5700.", "[5]  A/48/486‑S/26560, annex." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/66/426)]", "Palestine refugees' properties and their benefits", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 194 (III) of 11 December 1948 and 36/146C of 16 December 1981 and all subsequent resolutions on this issue,", "Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General pursuant to General Assembly resolution 63/201 of 10 December 2010, and the report of the United Nations Committee on Palestinian Reconciliation on the period from 1 September 2010 to 31 August 2011, [2]", "Recalling that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights [3] and the principles of international law recognize the principle that no one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property,", "Recalling in particular that the General Assembly, in its resolution 394 (V) of 14 December 1950, mandated the Reconciliation Commission, in consultation with the parties concerned, to provide measures to protect the rights, property and interests of Palestine refugees,", "Noting that in its twenty-second progress report [4], the Reconciliation Committee announced the completion of the identification and valuation programme for Arab property, and noting that the Land Administration had a list of Arab owners and documentation files indicating the location, area and other details of Arab property,", "Appreciation of the fact that the Committee on Reconciliation preserves and modernizes existing records, including land records, and stresses the importance of these records for a just settlement of the plight of Palestine refugees in accordance with resolution 194 (III),", "Recalling that, within the framework of the Middle East peace process, the Palestine Liberation Organization and the Israeli Government, in the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements of 13 September 1993 [5], agreed to commence negotiations on permanent status, including important refugee issues,", "Reaffirms the right of Palestine refugees to enjoy their property and the proceeds of such property in accordance with the principles of equity and justice;", "Requests the Secretary-General, in consultation with the United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine, to take all appropriate steps to protect Arab property, assets and property rights in Israel;", "Reiterates its call upon Israel to provide the Secretary-General with all facilities and assistance to implement the present resolution;", "Calls upon all parties concerned to provide the Secretary-General with any relevant information they possess and may assist him in the implementation of the present resolution concerning Arab property, assets and property in Israel;", "Urges Palestine and Israel, in accordance with the agreements reached by the parties, to address the important issue of Palestinian property and its benefits within the framework of the final status negotiations in the Middle East peace process;", "Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the implementation of the present resolution.", "9 December 2011", "81st plenary meeting", "Abel 18.", "[2] A/66/296, annex.", "[3] Resolution 217A (III).", "[4] Official Records of the General Assembly, Nineteenth Session, annex, annex 11, A/5700.", "[5] A/48/486-S/26560, annex." ]

[ "2011年12月9日大会决议", "[根据特别政治和非殖民化委员会（第四委员会）的报告(A/66/427)通过]", "66/76. 调查以色列侵害占领区巴勒斯坦人民和其他阿拉伯人 人权的行为特别委员会的工作", "大会，", "遵循《联合国宪章》的宗旨和原则，", "又遵循国际人道主义法，特别是1949年8月12日《关于战时保护平民之日内瓦公约》，[1] 以及国际人权标准，特别是《世界人权宣言》[2] 和两项国际人权公约，[3]", "回顾其各项有关决议，包括1968年12月19日第2443(XXIII)号决议和2010年12月10日第65/102号决议，以及人权委员会和人权理事会各项有关决议，包括2009年10月16日人权理事会第十二届特别会议通过的S-12/1号决议，[4]", "又回顾安全理事会各项有关决议，", "考虑到国际法院2004年7月9日对在巴勒斯坦被占领土修建隔离墙的法律后果发表的咨询意见，[5] 并在这方面回顾大会2004年7月20日ES-10/15号决议，", "回顾其2004年5月6日第58/292号决议，", "深信占领本身是粗暴和严重侵犯人权的行为，", "严重关切以色列在包括东耶路撒冷在内的巴勒斯坦被占领土上的持续非法行为和措施继续产生有害的影响，这些事件包括以色列占领军对巴勒斯坦平民过分使用武力，造成平民伤亡，财产和重要基础设施广遭破坏，持续进行定居活动和建造隔离墙，境内平民流离失所，特别是对加沙地带平民实施集体惩罚措施，以及羁押和囚禁数以千计的巴勒斯坦人，", "特别严重关切关于在2008年12月至2009年1月加沙地带军事行动期间发生的严重侵犯人权和严重违反国际人道主义法事件的报道，包括秘书长关于调查委员会报告[6] 的摘要和联合国加沙冲突问题实况调查团报告[7] 所载调查结果，强调指出所有当事方都必须认真执行向其提出的建议，以确保追究责任，伸张正义，", "审议了调查以色列侵害占领区巴勒斯坦人民和其他阿拉伯人人权的行为特别委员会的报告[8] 和秘书长的有关报告，[9]", "回顾巴勒斯坦与以色列双方1993年9月13日《关于临时自治安排的原则声明》[10] 以及其后各项执行协定，", "强调指出迫切需要全面终止以色列自1967年开始的占领，从而停止对巴勒斯坦人民人权的侵犯，及迫切需要实现其不可剥夺的人权，包括自决权和拥有独立国家的权利，", "表示注意到2011年9月23日巴勒斯坦提交的关于加入为联合国会员国的申请书，[11]", "1. 赞扬调查以色列侵害占领区巴勒斯坦人民和其他阿拉伯人人权的行为特别委员会为执行大会指派的任务而作的努力，并赞扬该委员会公正；", "2. 再次要求占领国以色列履行联合国会员国的义务，在特别委员会执行任务时给予合作；", "3. 对以色列侵犯占领区巴勒斯坦人民和其他阿拉伯人人权的政策和行为表示非常遗憾，这已见诸特别委员会关于所涉期间的报告；⁸", "4. 严重关切以色列的非法行为和措施在包括东耶路撒冷在内巴勒斯坦被占领土特别是加沙地带造成的严峻局势，特别谴责并要求以色列立即停止所有非法定居活动、建造隔离墙、对平民过分使用武力和滥用武力、摧毁和没收财产、实施集体惩罚措施和羁押及囚禁数以千计的平民；", "5. 请特别委员会在以色列全面结束占领以前，继续调查以色列在包括东耶路撒冷在内巴勒斯坦被占领土及1967年以来被以色列占领的其他阿拉伯领土内的政策和行为，特别是以色列违反1949年8月12日《关于战时保护平民之日内瓦公约》¹ 的情况，并酌情依照红十字国际委员会条例与其协商，以确保被占领土内人民的福利和人权得到维护，并尽早向秘书长提出报告，此后若需亦可随时向秘书长提出报告；", "6. 又请特别委员会按时就包括东耶路撒冷在内巴勒斯坦被占领土的现况向秘书长提出定期报告；", "7. 还请特别委员会继续调查在包括东耶路撒冷在内巴勒斯坦被占领土及1967年以来被以色列占领的其他阿拉伯领土的以色列监狱和拘留中心、包括妇女和儿童在内的数以千计囚犯和被拘留者的待遇和状况；", "8. 请秘书长：", "(a) 向特别委员会提供一切必要便利，包括访问被占领土所需的便利，使其能够调查本决议所述的以色列政策和行为；", "(b) 继续提供必要的工作人员，协助特别委员会执行任务；", "(c) 按时向会员国分发上文第6段提到的定期报告；", "(d) 确保特别委员会的报告以及关于其活动和调查结果的资料，由秘书处新闻部以各种方法广为分发，并在必要时重印已经发完的特别委员会报告；", "(e) 就本决议赋予他的任务向大会第六十七届会议提出报告；", "9. 决定将题为“调查以色列侵害占领区巴勒斯坦人民和其他阿拉伯人人权的行为特别委员会的报告”的项目列入大会第六十七届会议临时议程。", "2011年12月9日", "第81次全体会议", "[1] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第75卷，第973号。", "[2] 第217A(III)号决议。", "[3] 见第2200A(XXI)号决议，附件。", "[4] 见《大会正式记录，第六十四届会议，补编第53A号》(A/64/53/Add.1)，第一章。", "[5] 见A/ES-10/273和Corr.1；另见“在巴勒斯坦被占领土修建隔离墙的法律后果，咨询意见”，《2004年国际法院案例汇编》，英文第136页。", "[6] 见A/63/855-S/2009/250。", "[7] A/HRC/12/48。", "[8] 见A/66/370。", "[9] A/66/356、A/66/362、A/66/364、A/66/373和A/66/400。", "[10] A/48/486-S/26560，附件。", "[11] A/66/371-S/2011/592。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/66/427)]", "66/76. Work of the Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Palestinian People and Other Arabs of the Occupied Territories", "The General Assembly,", "Guided by the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations,", "Guided also by international humanitarian law, in particular the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War of 12 August 1949,[1] as well as international standards of human rights, in particular the Universal Declaration of Human Rights[2] and the International Covenants on Human Rights,[3]", "Recalling its relevant resolutions, including resolutions 2443 (XXIII) of 19 December 1968 and 65/102 of 10 December 2010, and the relevant resolutions of the Commission on Human Rights and the Human Rights Council, including resolution S‑12/1, adopted by the Council at its twelfth special session on 16 October 2009,[4]", "Recalling also the relevant resolutions of the Security Council,", "Taking into account the advisory opinion rendered on 9 July 2004 by the International Court of Justice on the Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory,[5] and recalling, in this regard, General Assembly resolution ES‑10/15 of 20 July 2004,", "Recalling its resolution 58/292 of 6 May 2004,", "Convinced that occupation itself represents a gross and grave violation of human rights,", "Gravely concerned about the continuing detrimental impact of ongoing unlawful Israeli practices and measures in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, including the excessive use of force by the Israeli occupying forces against Palestinian civilians, resulting in the death and injury of civilians, the widespread destruction of property and vital infrastructure, ongoing settlement activities and construction of the wall, the internal displacement of civilians, the imposition of collective punishment measures, particularly against the civilian population in the Gaza Strip, and the detention and imprisonment of thousands of Palestinians,", "Gravely concerned in particular by reports regarding serious human rights violations and grave breaches of international humanitarian law committed during the military operations in the Gaza Strip between December 2008 and January 2009, including the findings in the summary by the Secretary-General of the report of the Board of Inquiry[6] and in the report of the United Nations Fact-Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict,[7] and stressing the necessity for serious follow-up by all parties to the recommendations addressed to them towards ensuring accountability and justice,", "Having considered the report of the Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Palestinian People and Other Arabs of the Occupied Territories[8] and the relevant reports of the Secretary-General,[9]", "Recalling the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements of 13 September 1993[10] and the subsequent implementation agreements between the Palestinian and Israeli sides,", "Stressing the urgency of bringing a complete end to the Israeli occupation that began in 1967 and thus an end to the violation of the human rights of the Palestinian people, and of allowing for the realization of their inalienable human rights, including their right to self-determination and their independent State,", "Taking note of the application of Palestine for admission to membership in the United Nations, submitted on 23 September 2011,[11]", "1. Commends the Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Palestinian People and Other Arabs of the Occupied Territories for its efforts in performing the tasks assigned to it by the General Assembly and for its impartiality;", "2. Reiterates its demand that Israel, the occupying Power, cooperate, in accordance with its obligations as a State Member of the United Nations, with the Special Committee in implementing its mandate;", "3. Deplores those policies and practices of Israel that violate the human rights of the Palestinian people and other Arabs of the occupied territories, as reflected in the report of the Special Committee covering the reporting period;⁸", "4. Expresses grave concern about the critical situation in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, particularly in the Gaza Strip, as a result of unlawful Israeli practices and measures, and especially condemns and calls for the immediate cessation of all illegal Israeli settlement activities and the construction of the wall, as well as the excessive and indiscriminate use of force against the civilian population, the destruction and confiscation of properties, measures of collective punishment, and the detention and imprisonment of thousands of civilians;", "5. Requests the Special Committee, pending complete termination of the Israeli occupation, to continue to investigate Israeli policies and practices in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and other Arab territories occupied by Israel since 1967, especially Israeli violations of the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War of 12 August 1949,¹ and to consult, as appropriate, with the International Committee of the Red Cross according to its regulations in order to ensure that the welfare and human rights of the peoples of the occupied territories are safeguarded and to report to the Secretary-General as soon as possible and whenever the need arises thereafter;", "6. Also requests the Special Committee to submit regularly to the Secretary-General periodic reports on the current situation in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem;", "7. Further requests the Special Committee to continue to investigate the treatment and status of the thousands of prisoners and detainees, including children and women, in Israeli prisons and detention centres in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and other Arab territories occupied by Israel since 1967;", "8. Requests the Secretary-General:", "(a) To provide the Special Committee with all necessary facilities, including those required for its visits to the occupied territories, so that it may investigate the Israeli policies and practices referred to in the present resolution;", "(b) To continue to make available such staff as may be necessary to assist the Special Committee in the performance of its tasks;", "(c) To circulate regularly to Member States the periodic reports mentioned in paragraph 6 above;", "(d) To ensure the widest circulation of the reports of the Special Committee and of information regarding its activities and findings, by all means available, through the Department of Public Information of the Secretariat and, where necessary, to reprint those reports of the Special Committee that are no longer available;", "(e) To report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the tasks entrusted to him in the present resolution;", "9. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the item entitled “Report of the Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Palestinian People and Other Arabs of the Occupied Territories”.", "81st plenary meeting 9 December 2011", "[1]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 75, No. 973.", "[2]  Resolution 217 A (III).", "[3]  Resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.", "[4]  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-fourth Session, Supplement No. 53A (A/64/53/Add.1), chap. I.", "[5]  See A/ES‑10/273 and Corr.1; see also Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, Advisory Opinion, I.C.J. Reports 2004, p. 136.", "[6]  See A/63/855‑S/2009/250.", "[7]  A/HRC/12/48.", "[8]  See A/66/370.", "[9]  A/66/356, A/66/362, A/66/364, A/66/373 and A/66/400.", "[10]  A/48/486‑S/26560, annex.", "[11]  A/66/371‑S/2011/592." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/66/427)]", "Work of the Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Palestinian People and Other Arabs of the Occupied Territories", "The General Assembly,", "Guided by the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations,", "Guided also by international humanitarian law, in particular the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, of 12 August 1949, and international human rights standards, in particular the Universal Declaration of Human Rights [2] and the two international human rights conventions, [3]", "Recalling its relevant resolutions, including resolutions 2443 (XXIII) of 19 December 1968 and 65/102 of 10 December 2010, and relevant resolutions of the Commission on Human Rights and the Human Rights Council, including resolution S-12/1 adopted at the twelfth special session of the Human Rights Council on 16 October 2009, [4]", "Recalling also the relevant Security Council resolutions,", "Taking into account the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice of 9 July 2004 on the legal consequences of the construction of the wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, [5] and, in this regard, recalling General Assembly resolution ES-10/15 of 20 July 2004,", "Recalling its resolution 58/292 of 6 May 2004,", "Convinced that occupation itself constitutes a gross violation of human rights,", "Gravely concerned at the continuing illegal Israeli practices and measures in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, which continue to have a harmful effect, including the excessive use of force by the Israeli occupying forces against Palestinian civilians, resulting in civilian casualties, damage to property and vital infrastructure, sustained settlement activities and construction of the separation wall, displacement of civilians in the territory, in particular in the Gaza Strip, and the detention and imprisonment of thousands of Palestinians,", "Gravely concerned at reports of serious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law that occurred during the military operations of the Gaza Strip from December 2008 to January 2009, including the summary of the report of the Secretary-General on the Commission of Inquiry [6] and the findings contained in the report of the United Nations fact-finding mission on the Gaza conflict, and stressing the need for all parties to implement carefully the recommendations made to it in order to ensure accountability and justice,", "Having considered the report of the Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Palestinian People and Other Arabs of the Occupied Territories [8] and the related report of the Secretary-General, [9]", "Recalling the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements of 13 September 1993 by the Palestinian and Israeli sides and the subsequent implementation agreements,", "Underscoring the urgent need to put an end to Israel's occupation since 1967, thereby halting violations of the human rights of the Palestinian people and the urgent need to achieve its inalienable human rights, including the right to self-determination and the right of independent States,", "Taking note of the application submitted by Palestine on 23 September 2011 for membership in the United Nations, [11]", "Commends the Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Palestinian People and Other Arabs of the Occupied Territories for its efforts to implement the tasks assigned to it by the General Assembly, and commends the Committee for its impartiality;", "Reiterates its request to Israel, the occupying Power, to fulfil the obligations of States Members of the United Nations and to cooperate with the Special Committee in the implementation of its mandate;", "Expresses its regret at the Israeli policy and conduct of violations of the human rights of the Palestinian people and other Arabs in the occupied territories, as reflected in the report of the Special Committee on the period covered;8", "Expresses grave concern at the grave situation caused by Israel's illegal acts and measures in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and in particular in the Gaza Strip, and calls upon Israel to cease immediately all illegal settlement activities, the construction of the separation wall, the excessive use of force and the misuse of force, the destruction and confiscation of property, the application of collective punishment measures and the detention and imprisonment of thousands of civilians;", "Requests the Special Committee to continue to investigate the policies and acts of Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and in other Arab territories occupied by Israel since 1967, in particular the violations by Israel of the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War of 12 August 19491 and, where appropriate, in consultation with the International Committee of the Red Cross, in accordance with the regulations of the International Committee of the Red Cross, in order to ensure the maintenance of the well-being and human rights of the people in the occupied territories and to report to the Secretary-General as soon as possible, and to report thereon to the Secretary-General at any time;", "Also requests the Special Committee to submit periodic reports to the Secretary-General on the status of the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, on time;", "Further requests the Special Committee to continue to investigate the treatment and status of thousands of prisoners and detainees in Israeli prisons and detention centres, including women and children, in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and in other Arab territories occupied by Israel since 1967;", "Requests the Secretary-General:", "(a) To provide the Special Committee with all necessary facilities, including the facilities required to visit the occupied territories, to enable it to investigate the Israeli policies and acts referred to in the present resolution;", "(b) Continue to provide the necessary staff to assist the Special Committee in the implementation of its mandate;", "(c) To distribute periodic reports referred to in paragraph 6 above to Member States on time;", "(d) To ensure that the report of the Special Committee and information on its activities and findings are widely disseminated by the Department of Public Information of the Secretariat in a variety of ways and, where necessary, to reprint the reports of the Special Committee that have been circulated;", "(e) To report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the mandate entrusted to him in the present resolution;", "Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the item entitled “Report of the Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Palestinian People and Other Arabs of the Occupied Territories”.", "9 December 2011", "81st plenary meeting", "United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 75, No. 973.", "[2] Resolution 217A (III).", "[3] See resolution 2200A (XXI), annex.", "[4] See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-fourth Session, Supplement No. 53A (A/64/53/Add.1), chap.", "[5] See A/ES-10/273 and Corr.1; see also Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, Advisory Opinion, International Court of Justice, 2004, p. 136.", "[6] See A/63/855-S/2009/250.", "[7] A/HRC/12/48.", "[8] See Alain70.", "[9] A/63/356, A/63/362, Adopted 64, Amph73 and A/66/400.", "[10] A/48/486-S/26560, annex.", "[11] A/63/371-Sister592." ]

[ "2011年12月9日大会决议", "[根据特别政治和非殖民化委员会（第四委员会）的报告(A/66/427)通过]", "66/77. 1949年8月12日《关于战时保护平民之日内瓦公约》适用于包括东耶路撒冷在内巴勒斯坦被占领土和其他阿拉伯被占领土", "大会，", "回顾其各项有关决议，包括2010年12月10日第65/103号决议，", "铭记安全理事会的相关决议，", "回顾1907年《海牙第四公约》[1] 所附条例、1949年8月12日《关于战时保护平民之日内瓦公约》[2] 及习惯法的相关规定，包括日内瓦四公约[3]《第一号附加议定书》[4] 所载的相关规定，", "审议了调查以色列侵害占领区巴勒斯坦人民和其他阿拉伯人人权的行为特别委员会的报告[5] 和秘书长各项有关报告，[6]", "认为促进尊重《联合国宪章》和国际法其他文书及规则所定义务是联合国的基本宗旨和原则之一，", "回顾国际法院2004年7月9日发表的咨询意见，[7] 并回顾大会2004年7月20日ES-10/15号决议，", "特别注意到法院的答复，包括《日内瓦第四公约》² 适用于包括东耶路撒冷在内巴勒斯坦被占领土，以及以色列违反了该《公约》的若干规定，", "回顾1999年7月15日召开日内瓦第四公约缔约国会议，审议采取什么措施以便在包括东耶路撒冷在内巴勒斯坦被占领土执行该《公约》以及2001年12月5日再次召开的会议通过的《宣言》和各缔约国需要贯彻执行该《宣言》，", "欢迎并鼓励公约缔约国根据日内瓦四公约共同第1条各自和集体地采取举措以确保该《公约》得到尊重，以及日内瓦四公约的保存国在这方面继续作出的努力，", "强调指出占领国以色列应严格遵守包括国际人道主义法在内的国际法义务，", "1. 重申1949年8月12日《关于战时保护平民之日内瓦公约》² 适用于包括东耶路撒冷在内巴勒斯坦被占领土和1967年以来被以色列占领的其他阿拉伯领土；", "2. 要求以色列接受该《公约》在法律上适用于包括东耶路撒冷在内巴勒斯坦被占领土及1967年以来被以色列占领的其他阿拉伯领土，并严格遵守该《公约》的各项规定；", "3. 吁请该《公约》所有缔约国按照日内瓦四公约³ 共同第1条，并如2004年7月9日国际法院的咨询意见⁷ 所述，继续竭尽全力确保占领国以色列在包括东耶路撒冷在内巴勒斯坦被占领土及1967年以来被以色列占领的其他阿拉伯领土内尊重该《公约》各项规定；", "4. 重申必须从速执行大会通过的各项决议，包括大会第十届紧急特别会议的各项决议和ES-10/15号决议所载的相关建议，确保占领国以色列尊重该《公约》各项规定；", "5. 请秘书长就本决议的执行情况向大会第六十七届会议提出报告。", "2011年12月9日", "第81次全体会议", "[1] 见卡内基国际和平基金会,《1899年和1907年海牙公约和宣言》(牛津大学出版社,1915年,纽约)。", "[2] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第75卷，第973号。", "[3] 同上，第75卷，第970至973号。", "[4] 同上，第1125卷，第17512号。", "[5] 见A/66/370。", "[6] A/66/356、A/66/362、A/66/364、A/66/373和A/66/400。", "[7] 见A/ES-10/273和Corr.1；另见“在巴勒斯坦被占领土修建隔离墙的法律后果，咨询意见”，《2004年国际法院案例汇编》，英文第136页。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/66/427)]", "66/77. Applicability of the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, of 12 August 1949, to the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and the other occupied Arab territories", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its relevant resolutions, including resolution 65/103 of 10 December 2010,", "Bearing in mind the relevant resolutions of the Security Council,", "Recalling the Regulations annexed to The Hague Convention IV of 1907,[1] the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, of 12 August 1949,[2] and relevant provisions of customary law, including those codified in Additional Protocol I[3] to the four Geneva Conventions,[4]", "Having considered the report of the Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Palestinian People and Other Arabs of the Occupied Territories[5] and the relevant reports of the Secretary-General,[6]", "Considering that the promotion of respect for the obligations arising from the Charter of the United Nations and other instruments and rules of international law is among the basic purposes and principles of the United Nations,", "Recalling the advisory opinion rendered on 9 July 2004 by the International Court of Justice,[7] and also recalling General Assembly resolution ES‑10/15 of 20 July 2004,", "Noting in particular the Court’s reply, including that the Fourth Geneva Convention² is applicable in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and that Israel is in breach of several of the provisions of the Convention,", "Recalling the Conference of High Contracting Parties to the Fourth Geneva Convention on measures to enforce the Convention in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, held on 15 July 1999, as well as the Declaration adopted by the reconvened Conference on 5 December 2001 and the need for the parties to follow up the implementation of the Declaration,", "Welcoming and encouraging the initiatives by States parties to the Convention, both individually and collectively, according to article 1 common to the four Geneva Conventions, aimed at ensuring respect for the Convention, as well as the continuing efforts of the depositary State of the Geneva Conventions in this regard,", "Stressing that Israel, the occupying Power, should comply strictly with its obligations under international law, including international humanitarian law,", "1. Reaffirms that the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, of 12 August 1949,² is applicable to the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and other Arab territories occupied by Israel since 1967;", "2. Demands that Israel accept the de jure applicability of the Convention in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and other Arab territories occupied by Israel since 1967, and that it comply scrupulously with the provisions of the Convention;", "3. Calls upon all High Contracting Parties to the Convention, in accordance with article 1 common to the four Geneva Conventions⁴ and as mentioned in the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice of 9 July 2004,⁷ to continue to exert all efforts to ensure respect for its provisions by Israel, the occupying Power, in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and other Arab territories occupied by Israel since 1967;", "4. Reiterates the need for speedy implementation of the relevant recommendations contained in the resolutions adopted by the General Assembly, including at its tenth emergency special session and including resolution ES‑10/15, with regard to ensuring respect by Israel, the occupying Power, for the provisions of the Convention;", "5. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the implementation of the present resolution.", "81st plenary meeting 9 December 2011", "[1]  See Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, The Hague Conventions and Declarations of 1899 and 1907 (New York, Oxford University Press, 1915).", "[2]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 75, No. 973.", "[3]  Ibid., vol. 1125, No. 17512.", "[4]  Ibid., vol. 75, Nos. 970-973.", "[5]  See A/66/370.", "[6]  A/66/356, A/66/362, A/66/364, A/66/373 and A/66/400.", "[7]  See A/ES‑10/273 and Corr.1; see also Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, Advisory Opinion, I.C.J. Reports 2004, p. 136." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/66/427)]", "The Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, of 12 August 1949, applies to the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and to other occupied Arab territories", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its relevant resolutions, including resolution 63/203 of 10 December 2010,", "Bearing in mind the relevant Security Council resolutions,", "Recalling the relevant provisions of the Hague Convention IV of 1907, the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War of 12 August 1949 [2] and customary law, including the relevant provisions contained in Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions [3],", "Having considered the report of the Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Palestinian People and Other Arabs of the Occupied Territories [5] and the relevant reports of the Secretary-General, [6]", "Considering that promoting respect for the obligations set forth in the Charter of the United Nations and other instruments and rules of international law is one of the basic purposes and principles of the United Nations,", "Recalling the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice of 9 July 2004, [7] and recalling General Assembly resolution ES-10/15 of 20 July 2004,", "Noting in particular the Court's response, including the applicability of the Fourth Geneva Convention2 to the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and Israel's violation of several provisions of the Convention,", "Recalling the convening of the Conference of the High Contracting Parties to the Fourth Geneva Convention on 15 July 1999 to consider measures taken to implement the Convention in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and the Declaration and the need for States parties to follow up on the Declaration, adopted by the Conference, held on 5 December 2001,", "Welcoming and encouraging the initiatives undertaken by States parties to the Convention, in accordance with article 1 common to the Geneva Conventions, to ensure respect for the Convention and the continued efforts of the depositary States of the Geneva Conventions in this regard,", "Stressing that Israel, the occupying Power, should strictly abide by its obligations under international law, including international humanitarian law,", "Reaffirms that the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, of 12 August 1949,2 applies to the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and other Arab territories occupied by Israel since 1967;", "Demands that Israel accept the legal application of the Convention to the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and other Arab territories occupied by Israel since 1967, and strictly abide by the provisions of the Convention;", "Calls upon all States parties to the Convention to continue to make every effort to ensure respect for the provisions of the Convention in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and in other Arab territories occupied by Israel since 1967, in accordance with article 1 of the Geneva Conventions,3 and as stated in the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice of 9 July 2004;7", "Reaffirms the importance of expeditious implementation of the resolutions adopted by the General Assembly, including the resolutions of the tenth emergency special session of the General Assembly and the relevant recommendations contained in resolution ES-10/15, in order to ensure respect for the provisions of the Convention by Israel, the occupying Power,;", "Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the implementation of the present resolution.", "9 December 2011", "81st plenary meeting", "See Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, The Hague Conventions and Declarations of 1899 and 1907 (Oxford University Press, 1915, New York).", "[2] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 75, No. 973.", "[3] Ibid., vol. 75, No. 970-973.", "[4] Ibid., vol. 1125, No. 17512.", "[5] See Alain70.", "[6] A/63/356, A/63/362, Adopted 64, Amph73 and A/66/400.", "[7] See A/ES-10/273 and Corr.1; see also Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, Advisory Opinion”, Reports 2004, p. 136." ]

[ "2011年12月9日大会决议", "[根据特别政治和非殖民化委员会（第四委员会）的报告(A/66/427)通过]", "66/78. 以色列在包括东耶路撒冷在内巴勒斯坦被占领土和被占领的叙利亚戈兰的定居点", "大会，", "遵循《联合国宪章》的原则，并申明不容许以武力夺取领土，", "回顾其有关决议，包括2010年12月10日第65/104号决议以及第十届紧急特别会议通过的决议，", "又回顾安全理事会的有关决议，包括1967年11月22日第242(1967)号、1979年3月22日第446(1979)号、1980年3月1日第465(1980)号、1980年6月30日第476(1980)号、1980年8月20日第478(1980)号、1981年12月17日第497(1981)号和1994年3月18第904(1994)号决议，", "重申1949年8月12日《关于战时保护平民之日内瓦公约》[1] 适用于包括东耶路撒冷在内巴勒斯坦被占领土和被占领的叙利亚戈兰，", "申明占领国将其本国部分平民迁移到其占领领土的行为违背《日内瓦第四公约》¹ 和习惯法的有关规定，包括日内瓦四公约[2] 的《第一号附加议定书》[3] 的有关规定，", "回顾2004年7月9日国际法院对在巴勒斯坦被占领土修建隔离墙的法律后果发表的咨询意见，[4] 并回顾大会2004年7月20日ES-10/15号决议和2006年12月15日ES-10/17号决议，", "注意到国际法院断定：“以色列在(包括东耶路撒冷在内)巴勒斯坦被占领土建立的定居点违反国际法”，[5]", "表示注意到人权理事会关于1967年以来被占领的巴勒斯坦领土人权情况特别报告员最近的报告，[6]", "回顾巴勒斯坦与以色列之间的1993年9月13日《关于临时自治安排的原则声明》[7] 及其后各项执行协定，", "又回顾四方提出的以色列-巴勒斯坦冲突的永久性两国解决办法路线图，[8] 并特别强调其要求冻结所有定居点活动，包括所谓的“自然增长”，以及拆除自2001年3月以来建立的所有前沿定居点及以色列应履行这方面的义务和承诺，", "意识到以色列的定居点活动，除其他外，涉及将占领国国民迁移到被占领土、没收土地、致使巴勒斯坦家庭流离失所、开采自然资源和其他针对巴勒斯坦平民和被占领叙利亚戈兰平民等违反国际法的行动，", "铭记以色列的定居点政策、决定和活动对恢复和促进和平进程的努力、对和平进程的公信力以及对按照以色列和巴勒斯坦在以1967年前的边界为基础的公认边界内和平、安全地毗邻共存的两国解决方法实现中东和平的前景产生极为不利的影响，", "严重关切占领国以色列违反国际人道主义法、联合国有关决议、当事双方之间达成的协议和四方路线图规定的义务，无视国际社会呼吁停止所有定居点活动，继续在包括东耶路撒冷在内巴勒斯坦被占领土进行定居点活动，", "特别严重关切以色列在被占领的东耶路撒冷及其周围修建和扩大定居点，包括实施以连接周围非法定居点和进一步孤立被占领的东耶路撒冷为目标的所谓E-1计划，继续拆毁巴勒斯坦房屋并将巴勒斯坦家庭逐出市区，取消巴勒斯坦人在该市的居住权，以及在约旦河谷继续进行定居点活动，", "严重关切以色列在包括东耶路撒冷及其周围在内巴勒斯坦被占领土继续非法修建隔离墙，并特别关切该隔离墙路线偏离1949年停战线，这种做法正在给巴勒斯坦人民造成严重人道主义困难，使社会经济状况每况愈下，并分裂巴勒斯坦领土的领土毗连，破坏其生存能力，进而可能预决今后的谈判结果，使两国解决办法实际上无法落实，", "深为关切隔离墙路线的划定是为了将包括东耶路撒冷在内巴勒斯坦被占领土的绝大多数以色列定居点划进该墙内，", "对在包括东耶路撒冷在内巴勒斯坦被占领土和在被占领的叙利亚戈兰的定居点活动以及涉及没收土地、扰乱受保护者生活和实际兼并土地的任何活动，表示非常遗憾，", "回顾需要终止所有暴力行为，包括恐怖、挑衅、煽动和毁坏等行为，", "严重关切以色列武装非法定居者在包括东耶路撒冷在内巴勒斯坦被占领土上对包括儿童在内的巴勒斯坦平民及其财产，包括历史和宗教遗址及农田施行暴力、骚扰、挑衅和煽动的事件日增，", "注意到以色列从加沙地带和西岸北部部分地区撤离，并注意到必须拆除这些地区内的定居点，作为落实路线图的一项步骤，在这方面吁请尊重“路线图”为以色列规定的冻结定居点活动，包括所谓的“自然增长”的义务，拆除自2001年3月以来建立的所有前沿定居点，", "表示注意到秘书长的各有关报告，[9]", "又表示注意到2008年9月26日召开的安全理事会特别会议以及2011年2月18日安理会会议，", "1. 重申以色列在包括东耶路撒冷在内巴勒斯坦领土和被占领的叙利亚戈兰的定居点是非法的，是实现和平及经济和社会发展的障碍；", "2. 吁请以色列接受1949年8月12日《关于战时保护平民之日内瓦公约》¹ 在法律上适用于包括东耶路撒冷在内巴勒斯坦被占领土和被占领的叙利亚戈兰，并严格遵守《公约》的各项规定，尤其是第49条；", "3. 又吁请占领国以色列在有关改变包括东耶路撒冷在内巴勒斯坦被占领土的性质、地位和人口组成方面，严格遵守包括国际人道主义法在内的国际法规定的义务；", "4. 再次要求以色列立即完全停止在包括东耶路撒冷在内所有巴勒斯坦被占领土和被占领的叙利亚戈兰的一切定居点活动，并为此要求充分执行安全理事会各项有关决议，包括1979年3月22日第446(1979)号、1979年7月20日第452(1979)号、1980年3月1日第465(1980)号、1980年6月30日第476(1980)号和2003年11月19日第1515(2003)号决议；", "5. 要求占领国以色列遵守国际法院2004年7月9日的咨询意见⁴ 所述的法律义务；", "6. 再次要求防止以色列定居者采取特别是针对巴勒斯坦平民及其财产，包括历史和宗教遗址及农田的各种暴力骚扰行为，并强调必须执行安全理事会第904(1994)号决议，安理会该决议吁请占领国以色列继续采取并执行各项措施，包括没收武器，以防止以色列定居者的非法暴力行为，并要求采取措施，确保被占领土巴勒斯坦平民的安全和保障；", "7. 请秘书长就本决议执行情况向大会第六十七届会议提出报告。", "2011年12月9日", "第81次全体会议", "[1] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第75卷，第973号。", "[2] 同上，第75卷，第970至973号。", "[3] 同上，第1125卷，第17512号。", "[4] 见A/ES-10/273和Corr.1；另见“在巴勒斯坦被占领土修建隔离墙的法律后果，咨询意见”，《2004年国际法院案例汇编》，英文第136页。", "[5] 见A/ES-10/273和Corr.1，咨询意见，第120段；另见“在巴勒斯坦被占领土修建隔离墙的法律后果，咨询意见”，《2004年国际法院案例汇编》，英文第136页。", "[6] 见A/66/358。", "[7] A/48/486-S/26560，附件。", "[8] S/2003/529，附件。", "[9] A/66/356，A/66/362,A/66/364,A/66/373和A/66/400。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/66/427)]", "66/78. Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and the occupied Syrian Golan", "The General Assembly,", "Guided by the principles of the Charter of the United Nations, and affirming the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by force,", "Recalling its relevant resolutions, including resolution 65/104 of 10 December 2010, as well as those resolutions adopted at its tenth emergency special session,", "Recalling also the relevant resolutions of the Security Council, including resolutions 242 (1967) of 22 November 1967, 446 (1979) of 22 March 1979, 465 (1980) of 1 March 1980, 476 (1980) of 30 June 1980, 478 (1980) of 20 August 1980, 497 (1981) of 17 December 1981 and 904 (1994) of 18 March 1994,", "Reaffirming the applicability of the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, of 12 August 1949,[1] to the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and to the occupied Syrian Golan,", "Affirming that the transfer by the occupying Power of parts of its own civilian population into the territory it occupies constitutes a breach of the Fourth Geneva Convention¹ and relevant provisions of customary law, including those codified in Additional Protocol I[2] to the four Geneva Conventions,[3]", "Recalling the advisory opinion rendered on 9 July 2004 by the International Court of Justice on the Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory,[4] and recalling also General Assembly resolutions ES‑10/15 of 20 July 2004 and ES‑10/17 of 15 December 2006,", "Noting that the International Court of Justice concluded that “the Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (including East Jerusalem) have been established in breach of international law”,[5]", "Taking note of the recent report of the Special Rapporteur of the Human Rights Council on the situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967,[6]", "Recalling the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements of 13 September 1993[7] and the subsequent implementation agreements between the Palestinian and Israeli sides,", "Recalling also the Quartet road map to a permanent two-State solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict,[8] and emphasizing specifically its call for a freeze on all settlement activity, including so-called “natural growth”, and the dismantlement of all settlement outposts erected since March 2001, and the need for Israel to uphold its obligations and commitments in this regard,", "Aware that Israeli settlement activities involve, inter alia, the transfer of nationals of the occupying Power into the occupied territories, the confiscation of land, the displacement of Palestinian families, the exploitation of natural resources and other actions against the Palestinian civilian population and the civilian population in the occupied Syrian Golan that are contrary to international law,", "Bearing in mind the extremely detrimental impact of Israeli settlement policies, decisions and activities on the efforts to resume and advance the peace process, on the credibility of the peace process, and on the prospects for the achievement of peace in the Middle East in accordance with the two-State solution of Israel and Palestine, living side by side in peace and security within recognized borders, on the basis of the pre‑1967 borders,", "Expressing grave concern about the continuation by Israel, the occupying Power, of settlement activities in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, in violation of international humanitarian law, relevant United Nations resolutions, the agreements reached between the parties and obligations under the Quartet road map, and in defiance of the calls by the international community to cease all settlement activities,", "Expressing grave concern in particular about Israel’s construction and expansion of settlements in and around occupied East Jerusalem, including its so‑called E‑1 plan that aims to connect its illegal settlements around and further isolate occupied East Jerusalem, the continuing demolition of Palestinian homes and eviction of Palestinian families from the city, the revocation of Palestinian residency rights in the city, and ongoing settlement activities in the Jordan Valley,", "Expressing grave concern about the continuing unlawful construction by Israel of the wall inside the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including in and around East Jerusalem, and expressing its concern in particular about the route of the wall in departure from the Armistice Line of 1949, which is causing humanitarian hardship and a serious decline of socio-economic conditions for the Palestinian people, is fragmenting the territorial contiguity of the Territory and undermining its viability, and could prejudge future negotiations and make the two-State solution physically impossible to implement,", "Deeply concerned that the wall’s route has been traced in such a way as to include the great majority of the Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem,", "Deploring settlement activities in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and in the occupied Syrian Golan and any activities involving the confiscation of land, the disruption of the livelihood of protected persons and the de facto annexation of land,", "Recalling the need to end all acts of violence, including acts of terror, provocation, incitement and destruction,", "Gravely concerned about the rising incidents of violence, harassment, provocation and incitement by illegal armed Israeli settlers in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, against Palestinian civilians, including children, and their properties, including historic and religious sites, and agricultural lands,", "Noting the Israeli withdrawal from within the Gaza Strip and parts of the northern West Bank and the importance of the dismantlement of the settlements therein as a step towards the implementation of the road map, and calling, in this regard, for respect of the road map obligation upon Israel to freeze settlement activity, including so-called “natural growth”, and to dismantle all settlement outposts erected since March 2001,", "Taking note of the relevant reports of the Secretary-General,[9]", "Taking note also of the special meeting of the Security Council convened on 26 September 2008, as well as of the meeting of the Council of 18 February 2011,", "1. Reaffirms that the Israeli settlements in the Palestinian territory, including East Jerusalem, and in the occupied Syrian Golan are illegal and an obstacle to peace and economic and social development;", "2. Calls upon Israel to accept the de jure applicability of the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, of 12 August 1949,¹ to the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and to the occupied Syrian Golan and to abide scrupulously by the provisions of the Convention, in particular article 49;", "3. Also calls upon Israel, the occupying Power, to comply strictly with its obligations under international law, including international humanitarian law, with respect to the alteration of the character, status and demographic composition of the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem;", "4. Reiterates its demand for the immediate and complete cessation of all Israeli settlement activities in all of the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and in the occupied Syrian Golan, and calls, in this regard, for the full implementation of all the relevant resolutions of the Security Council, including, inter alia, resolutions 446 (1979) of 22 March 1979, 452 (1979) of 20 July 1979, 465 (1980) of 1 March 1980, 476 (1980) of 30 June 1980 and 1515 (2003) of 19 November 2003;", "5. Demands that Israel, the occupying Power, comply with its legal obligations, as mentioned in the advisory opinion rendered on 9 July 2004 by the International Court of Justice;⁴", "6. Reiterates its call for the prevention of all acts of violence and harassment by Israeli settlers, especially against Palestinian civilians and their properties, including historic and religious sites, and agricultural lands, and stresses the need for the implementation of Security Council resolution 904 (1994), in which the Council called upon Israel, the occupying Power, to continue to take and implement measures, including confiscation of arms, aimed at preventing illegal acts of violence by Israeli settlers, and called for measures to be taken to guarantee the safety and protection of the Palestinian civilians in the occupied territory;", "7. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the implementation of the present resolution.", "81st plenary meeting 9 December 2011", "[1]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 75, No. 973.", "[2]  Ibid., vol. 1125, No. 17512.", "[3]  Ibid., vol. 75, Nos. 970-973.", "[4]  See A/ES‑10/273 and Corr.1; see also Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, Advisory Opinion, I.C.J. Reports 2004, p. 136.", "[5]  See A/ES‑10/273 and Corr.1, advisory opinion, para. 120; see also Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, Advisory Opinion, I.C.J. Reports 2004, p. 136.", "[6]  See A/66/358.", "[7]  A/48/486‑S/26560, annex.", "[8]  S/2003/529, annex.", "[9]  A/66/356, A/66/362, A/66/364, A/66/373 and A/66/400." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/66/427)]", "Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and the occupied Syrian Golan", "The General Assembly,", "Guided by the principles of the Charter of the United Nations and affirming the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by force,", "Recalling its relevant resolutions, including resolution 63/204 of 10 December 2010, and the resolution adopted at the tenth emergency special session,", "Recalling also the relevant resolutions of the Security Council, including resolutions 242 (1967) of 22 November 1967, 446 (1979) of 22 March 1979, 465 (1980) of 1 March 1980, 476 (1980) of 30 June 1980, 478 (1980) of 20 August 1980, 497 (1981) of 17 December 1981 and 904 (1994) of 18 March 1994,", "Reaffirming the applicability of the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, of 12 August 1949, to the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and the occupied Syrian Golan,", "Affirms that the transfer by the occupying Power of parts of its own civilian population to its occupied territories is in contravention of the relevant provisions of the Fourth Geneva Convention1 and customary law, including the relevant provisions of Additional Protocol No. 1 [3] to the Geneva Conventions,", "Recalling the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice of 9 July 2004 on the legal consequences of the construction of the wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, [4], and recalling General Assembly resolutions ES-10/15 of 20 July 2004 and ES-10/17 of 15 December 2006,", "Noting that the International Court of Justice concluded that “Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, are contrary to international law”,", "Taking note of the recent report of the Special Rapporteur of the Human Rights Council on the situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967, [6]", "Recalling the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements of 13 September 1993 between Palestine and Israel and subsequent implementation agreements,", "Recalling also the road map for a permanent two-State solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, [8] and stressing in particular its call for the freeze of all settlement activities, including so-called “natural growth”, and the removal of all previous settlements established since March 2001 and Israel's obligations and commitments in that regard,", "Aware that Israeli settlement activities involve, inter alia, the relocation of the occupying Power nationals to the occupied territories, confiscation of land, displacement of Palestinian families, exploitation of natural resources and other actions against Palestinian civilians and civilians in the occupied Syrian Golan, in violation of international law,", "Bearing in mind that Israeli settlement policies, decisions and activities have an extremely negative impact on efforts to restore and promote the peace process, on the credibility of the peace process and on the prospects for peace in the Middle East, in accordance with the two-State solution that Israel and Palestine live side by side in peace and security within the recognized borders of 1967,", "Gravely concerned by Israel, the occupying Power, in violation of international humanitarian law, relevant United Nations resolutions, the agreements reached between the parties and the obligations of the Quartet's road map, and ignoring the international community's call to stop all settlement activities, and continuing its settlement activities in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem,", "Gravely concerned at Israel's construction and expansion of settlements in Occupied East Jerusalem and its surroundings, including the implementation of the so-called E-1 plan aimed at linking illegal settlements and further isolation of occupied East Jerusalem, the continued demolition of Palestinian homes and the expulsion of Palestinian families from urban areas, the removal of Palestinian residency rights in that city and the continuation of settlement activities in the Jordan Valley,", "Gravely concerned at the continuing illegal construction of the wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem and its surroundings, and expressing particular concern at the fact that the route of the wall departed from the 1949 line of war, which is causing serious humanitarian hardship to the Palestinian people, compromising the socio-economic situation and seizing the territorial contiguity of the Palestinian territories and thus potentially prejudging the future outcome of negotiations, rendering the two-State solution in practice impossible,", "Deeply concerned at the delineation of the route of the wall to include the majority of Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, in the wall,", "Expressing its deep regret at the settlement activities in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and in the occupied Syrian Golan, as well as any activities involving confiscation of land, disruption of the lives of protected persons and actual annexation and land,", "Recalling the need to end all acts of violence, including terrorism, provocation, incitement and destruction,", "Gravely concerned at the escalation of violence, harassment, provocation and incitement by illegal Israeli settlers in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, against Palestinian civilians and their property, including children, including historical and religious sites and agricultural lands,", "Noting the Israeli withdrawal from parts of the Gaza Strip and the northern part of the West Bank, and noting the need to dismantle settlements in those areas as a step towards the implementation of the road map, and in this regard calls for respect for the freeze of settlement activities as mandated by Israel, including the so-called “natural growth” obligations, and the removal of all front-line settlements established since March 2001,", "Taking note of the relevant reports of the Secretary-General, [9]", "Taking note also of the special meeting of the Security Council held on 26 September 2008 and the meeting of the Council on 18 February 2011,", "Reaffirms that Israeli settlements in the Palestinian territories, including East Jerusalem, and the occupied Syrian Golan are illegal and constitute an obstacle to the achievement of peace and economic and social development;", "Calls upon Israel to accept the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, of 12 August 1949,1 Legal application of the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and the occupied Syrian Golan, and strict compliance with the provisions of the Convention, in particular article 49;", "Also calls upon Israel, the occupying Power, to comply strictly with its obligations under international law, including international humanitarian law, with regard to changing the character, status and demographic composition of the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem;", "Reiterates its call upon Israel to immediately cease all settlement activities in the Occupied Palestinian Territory and the occupied Syrian Golan, including East Jerusalem, and in this regard calls for the full implementation of the relevant Security Council resolutions, including resolutions 446 (1979) of 22 March 1979, 452 (1979) of 20 July 1979, 465 (1980) of 1 March 1980, 476 (1980) of 30 June 1980 and 1515 (2003) of 19 November 2003;", "Demands that Israel, the occupying Power, comply with the legal obligations set out in advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice of 9 July 2004;", "Reiterates its request to prevent all acts of violence by Israeli settlers, in particular against Palestinian civilians and their property, including historical and religious sites and agricultural lands, and stresses the importance of implementing Security Council resolution 904 (1994), in which the Council calls upon Israel, the occupying Power, to continue to take and implement measures, including confiscation of weapons, to prevent illegal violence by Israeli settlers, and calls for measures to ensure the safety and security of the Palestinian territories;", "Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the implementation of the present resolution.", "9 December 2011", "81st plenary meeting", "United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 75, No. 973.", "[2] Ibid., vol. 75, No. 970-973.", "Ibid., vol. 1125, No. 17512.", "[4] See A/ES-10/273 and Corr.1; see also Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, Advisory Opinion, International Court of Justice, 2004, p. 136.", "[5] See A/ES-10/273 and Corr.1, Advisory Opinion, para. 120; see also Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, Advisory Opinion, ICJ Reports 2004, p. 136.", "[6] See A/63/358.", "[7] A/48/486-S/26560, annex.", "[8] S/2003/529, annex.", "[9] A/63/356, A/63/362, Adopted 64, Amph73 and A/66/400." ]

[ "2011年12月9日大会决议", "[根据特别政治和非殖民化委员会（第四委员会）的报告(A/66/427)通过]", "66/79. 以色列在包括东耶路撒冷在内巴勒斯坦被占领土侵害巴勒斯坦人民人权的行为", "大会，", "回顾《世界人权宣言》，[1]", "又回顾《公民及政治权利国际公约》、[2] 《经济、社会、文化权利国际公约》² 和《儿童权利公约》，[3] 并申明这些人权文书必须在包括东耶路撒冷在内的巴勒斯坦被占领土受到尊重，", "重申其各项有关决议，包括2010年12月10日第65/105号决议及其第十届紧急特别会议通过的决议，", "回顾人权理事会的各项有关决议，", "又回顾安全理事会的各项有关决议，并强调指出需要执行这些决议，", "审议了调查以色列侵害占领区巴勒斯坦人民和其他阿拉伯人人权的行为特别委员会的报告[4] 和秘书长的报告，[5]", "表示 注意到人权理事会关于1967年以来巴勒斯坦被占领土人权状况特别报告员最近的各项报告，[6] 以及人权理事会其他相关的最近报告，", "意识到国际社会有责任促进人权和确保国际法受到尊重，并在这方面回顾其1970年10月24日第2625(XXV)号决议，", "回顾2004年7月9日国际法院发表的咨询意见，[7] 并回顾大会2004年7月20日ES-10/15号和2006年12月15日ES-10/17号决议，", "特别注意到该法院的答复，其中包括占领国以色列在包括东耶路撒冷及其周围在内巴勒斯坦被占领土修建隔离墙的行为及其有关制度违反国际法，", "重申不容许以武力夺取领土原则，", "又重申1949年8月12日《关于战时保护平民之日内瓦公约》[8] 适用于包括东耶路撒冷在内巴勒斯坦被占领土和1967年以来被以色列占领的其他阿拉伯领土，", "还重申《日内瓦第四公约》⁸ 各缔约国根据《公约》有关缔约国的刑事制裁、严重违约行为和责任的第146、147和148条所承担的义务，", "重申所有国家有权利和义务根据国际法和国际人道主义法采取行动，制止针对本国平民的暴力杀人行为，以保护公民的生命，", "强调指出必须全面遵守在中东和平进程范围内达成的各项以色列-巴勒斯坦协定，包括沙姆沙伊赫谅解，并执行四方提出的以色列-巴勒斯坦冲突的永久性两国解决方案路线图，[9]", "又强调指出必须全面执行2005年11月15日订立的《通行进出协定》和《拉法口岸商定原则》，以便巴勒斯坦平民能够在加沙地带内来去自由和自由出入加沙地带，", "表示严重关切占领国以色列继续系统地侵犯巴勒斯坦人民人权的行为，包括过分使用武力和军事行动造成包括儿童，妇女，非暴力和平示威者在内的巴勒斯坦平民伤亡、使用集体惩罚、封闭一些地区、没收土地、建立和扩大定居点、在巴勒斯坦被占领土内偏离1949年停战线修建隔离墙、毁坏财产和基础设施，以及为改变包括东耶路撒冷在内巴勒斯坦被占领土的法律地位、地理性质和人口组成而采取的所有其他行动而产生的侵犯行为，", "尤其严重关切加沙地带的人道主义和安全状况危急，其原因包括长期的封闭和对经济和流动实同封锁的严厉限制，以及2008年12月至2009年1月的军事行动造成特别是包括儿童和妇女在内的大批巴勒斯坦平民死伤，巴勒斯坦人的住房、财产、关键基础设施和包括医院、学校和联合国设施在内的公共机构广遭破坏和损毁，平民在境内流离失所；亦尤其严重关切向以色列发射火箭，", "强调指出各方需要充分执行安全理事会2009年1月8日第1860(2009)号决议和大会2009年1月16日第ES-10/18号决议，", "严重关切关于2008年12月至2009年1月加沙地带军事行动期间发生了严重侵犯人权和严重违反国际人道主义法行为的报道，包括秘书长关于调查委员会报告[10] 摘要和联合国加沙冲突问题实况调查团报告[11] 所载调查结果，重申所有各方都必须认真执行向其提出的建议，以确保追究责任，伸张正义，", "深为关切这种广泛的破坏以及占领国以色列继续阻碍重建进程对巴勒斯坦平民的人权状况及社会经济和人道主义状况造成短期及长期的不利影响，", "又深为关切以色列在包括东耶路撒冷在内整个巴勒斯坦被占领土上实行封闭政策，施加严重限制和设立检查站，其中几个已变成形同常设过境点的建筑物；实行许可证制度；所有这些行动阻碍人员和货物，包括医疗和人道主义货物的自由流动，破坏领土毗连；并深为关切由此而来对巴勒斯坦人民人权的侵犯，以及对巴勒斯坦人民社会经济状况和对恢复和发展巴勒斯坦经济的努力的不利影响，这一状况在加沙地带继续造成人道主义危机，同时表示注意到该地出入情况方面的最新事态，", "还深为关切数以千计的巴勒斯坦人，包括许多儿童和妇女，继续被关押在以色列监狱或拘留中心，条件恶劣，尤其是环境卫生差，单独监禁，缺乏适当的医疗服务，不准家属探访和剥夺适当法律程序，从而损害他们的福祉，又深为关切所有有关巴勒斯坦囚犯受到虐待和骚扰以及所有有关酷刑的报道，", "关切占领国以色列对包括东耶路撒冷在内巴勒斯坦被占领土巴勒斯坦平民的拘留，监禁和递解出境颁布军事命令可能产生的后果，在这方面回顾国际人道主义法规定禁止将平民从被占领土递解出境，", "深信需要由国际驻留人员监测局势，以帮助结束暴力，保护巴勒斯坦平民，协助各方执行已达成的协议，并在这一方面回顾希布伦临时国际驻留人员的积极贡献，", "表示注意到巴勒斯坦权力机构在安全部门持续努力并取得显著进展，吁请各方继续进行有利于巴勒斯坦人和以色列人双方的合作，特别是促进安全和建立信任，并希望将这种进展扩大到所有主要人口中心,", "强调该区域所有人民有权享有各项国际人权公约载明的人权，", "1. 再次申明占领国以色列违反1949年8月12日《关于战时保护平民之日内瓦公约》⁸ 的有关规定和违背安全理事会的有关决议，在包括东耶路撒冷在内巴勒斯坦被占领土所采取的一切措施和行动都是非法而无效的；", "2. 要求占领国以色列停止一切侵犯巴勒斯坦人民人权的行为和行动，包括杀伤平民，任意拘留和监禁平民和破坏及没收平民财产，并充分尊重人权法，遵守在这方面的法律义务；", "3. 又要求占领国以色列充分遵守1949年《日内瓦第四公约》⁸ 的规定，立即停止所有违反和违背《公约》的措施和行动；", "4. 还要求占领国以色列停止在包括东耶路撒冷及其周围在内巴勒斯坦被占领土的所有定居点活动和修建隔离墙，以及企图改变其性质，地位和人口组成的任何其他措施，所有这种行动尤其对巴勒斯坦人民的人权与和平解决的前景造成严重的破坏性影响；", "5. 谴责所有暴力行为，包括所有恐怖、挑衅、煽动和毁坏行为，特别是以色列占领军尤其在加沙地带对巴勒斯坦平民过分使用武力，造成包括儿童在内的大量人员伤亡，大批住房、财产、关键基础设施、包括医院、学校和联合国设施在内的公共机构和农田被破坏损毁，平民在境内流离失所；", "6. 严重关切对以色列平民地区发射火箭，造成人员伤亡；", "7. 再次要求充分执行安全理事会第1860(2009)号决议；", "8. 要求占领国以色列按2004年7月9日国际法院发表的咨询意见，⁷ 并按大会2004年7月20日第ES-10/15号和2003年10月21日第ES-10/13号决议的要求，履行国际法规定的法律义务，立即停止在包括东耶路撒冷及其周围在内巴勒斯坦被占领土修建隔离墙，立即拆除在该领土上的这种建筑物，废止所有有关的立法和管制法规或使其失效，并对因修建隔离墙而造成的一切损失给予赔偿，因为这些行动已严重影响到巴勒斯坦人民的人权和社会经济生活条件；", "9. 重申需要尊重所有巴勒斯坦被占领土的领土统一、领土毗连和领土完整，保证人员和货物在巴勒斯坦领土内的流动自由，包括自由出入东耶路撒冷、加沙地带，西岸与加沙地带之间和外部世界；", "10. 吁请占领国以色列停止实施长期封闭和对经济和流动的限制，包括那些对加沙地带实同封锁的限制，并在这方面充分执行2005年11月15日订立的《通行进出协定》和《拉法口岸商定原则》，以便人员和货物能够持续而经常地流动，并加速加沙地带迟滞已久的重建工作；", "11. 敦促会员国继续向巴勒斯坦人民提供紧急援助，以缓解尤其是加沙地带的财政危机、严峻的社会经济及人道主义状况；", "12. 强调需要维护和发展巴勒斯坦机构及基础设施，以便向巴勒斯坦平民提供重要的公共服务，促进人权，包括公民、政治、经济、社会和文化权利；", "13. 请秘书长就本决议的执行情况向大会第六十七届会议提出报告。", "2011年12月9日", "第81次全体会议", "[1] 第217A(III)号决议。", "[2] 见第2200A(XXI)号决议，附件。", "[3] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第1577卷，第27531号。", "[4] 见A/66/370。", "[5] A/66/356。", "[6] A/HRC/16/72；另见A/66/358。", "[7] 见A/ES-10/273和Corr.1；另见“在巴勒斯坦被占领土修建隔离墙的法律后果，咨询意见”，《2004年国际法院案例汇编》，英文第136页。", "[8] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第75卷，第973号。", "[9] S/2003/529，附件。", "[10] 见A/63/855-S/2009/250。", "[11] A/HRC/12/48。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/66/427)]", "66/79. Israeli practices affecting the human rights of the Palestinian people in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,[1]", "Recalling also the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,[2] the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights² and the Convention on the Rights of the Child,[3] and affirming that these human rights instruments must be respected in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem,", "Reaffirming its relevant resolutions, including resolution 65/105 of 10 December 2010 as well as those adopted at its tenth emergency special session,", "Recalling the relevant resolutions of the Human Rights Council,", "Recalling also the relevant resolutions of the Security Council, and stressing the need for their implementation,", "Having considered the report of the Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Palestinian People and Other Arabs of the Occupied Territories[4] and the report of the Secretary-General,[5]", "Taking note of the recent reports of the Special Rapporteur of the Human Rights Council on the situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967,[6] as well as of other relevant recent reports of the Human Rights Council,", "Aware of the responsibility of the international community to promote human rights and ensure respect for international law, and recalling, in this regard, its resolution 2625 (XXV) of 24 October 1970,", "Recalling the advisory opinion rendered on 9 July 2004 by the International Court of Justice,[7] and recalling also General Assembly resolutions ES‑10/15 of 20 July 2004 and ES‑10/17 of 15 December 2006,", "Noting in particular the Court’s reply, including that the construction of the wall being built by Israel, the occupying Power, in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including in and around East Jerusalem, and its associated regime are contrary to international law,", "Reaffirming the principle of the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by force,", "Reaffirming also the applicability of the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, of 12 August 1949,[8] to the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and other Arab territories occupied by Israel since 1967,", "Reaffirming further the obligation of the States parties to the Fourth Geneva Convention⁸ under articles 146, 147 and 148 with regard to penal sanctions, grave breaches and responsibilities of the High Contracting Parties,", "Reaffirming that all States have the right and the duty to take actions in conformity with international law and international humanitarian law to counter deadly acts of violence against their civilian population in order to protect the lives of their citizens,", "Stressing the need for full compliance with the Israeli-Palestinian agreements reached within the context of the Middle East peace process, including the Sharm el‑Sheikh understandings, and the implementation of the Quartet road map to a permanent two-State solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict,[9]", "Stressing also the need for the full implementation of the Agreement on Movement and Access and the Agreed Principles for the Rafah Crossing, both of 15 November 2005, to allow for the freedom of movement of the Palestinian civilian population within and into and out of the Gaza Strip,", "Expressing grave concern about the continuing systematic violation of the human rights of the Palestinian people by Israel, the occupying Power, including that arising from the excessive use of force and military operations causing death and injury to Palestinian civilians, including children, women and non-violent, peaceful demonstrators; the use of collective punishment; the closure of areas; the confiscation of land; the establishment and expansion of settlements; the construction of a wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory in departure from the Armistice Line of 1949; the destruction of property and infrastructure; and all other actions by it designed to change the legal status, geographical nature and demographic composition of the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem,", "Gravely concerned in particular about the critical humanitarian and security situation in the Gaza Strip, including that resulting from the prolonged closures and severe economic and movement restrictions that in effect amount to a blockade and the military operations between December 2008 and January 2009, which caused extensive loss of life and injury, particularly among Palestinian civilians, including children and women, widespread destruction and damage to Palestinian homes, properties, vital infrastructure and public institutions, including hospitals, schools and United Nations facilities and the internal displacement of civilians, as well as about the firing of rockets into Israel,", "Stressing the need for the full implementation by all parties of Security Council resolution 1860 (2009) of 8 January 2009 and General Assembly resolution ES‑10/18 of 16 January 2009,", "Gravely concerned by reports regarding serious human rights violations and grave breaches of international humanitarian law committed during the military operations in the Gaza Strip between December 2008 and January 2009, including the findings in the summary by the Secretary-General of the report of the Board of Inquiry[10] and in the report of the United Nations Fact-finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict,[11] and reiterating the necessity for serious follow-up by all parties of the recommendations addressed to them towards ensuring accountability and justice,", "Expressing deep concern about the short- and long-term detrimental impact of such widespread destruction and the continued impeding of the reconstruction process by Israel, the occupying Power, on the human rights situation and on the socio-economic and humanitarian conditions of the Palestinian civilian population,", "Also expressing deep concern about the Israeli policy of closures and the imposition of severe restrictions, checkpoints, several of which have been transformed into structures akin to permanent border crossings, and a permit regime, all of which obstruct the freedom of movement of persons and goods, including medical and humanitarian goods, throughout the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and impair the Territory’s contiguity, and about the consequent violation of the human rights of the Palestinian people and the negative impact on their socio-economic situation and the efforts aimed at rehabilitating and developing the Palestinian economy, which remains that of a humanitarian crisis in the Gaza Strip, while taking note of recent developments with regard to the situation of access there,", "Further expressing deep concern that thousands of Palestinians, including many children and women, continue to be held in Israeli prisons or detention centres under harsh conditions, including, inter alia, unhygienic conditions, solitary confinement, lack of proper medical care, denial of family visits and denial of due process, that impair their well-being, and expressing deep concern also about the ill-treatment and harassment of any Palestinian prisoners and all reports of torture,", "Expressing concern about the possible consequences of the enactment by Israel, the occupying Power, of military orders regarding the detention, imprisonment and deportation of Palestinian civilians from the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and recalling, in this regard, the prohibition under international humanitarian law of the deportation of civilians from occupied territories,", "Convinced of the need for an international presence to monitor the situation, to contribute to ending the violence and protecting the Palestinian civilian population and to help the parties implement the agreements reached, and, in this regard, recalling the positive contribution of the Temporary International Presence in Hebron,", "Taking note of the continued efforts and tangible progress made in the security sector by the Palestinian Authority, calling upon the parties to continue cooperation that benefits both Palestinians and Israelis, in particular by promoting security and building confidence, and expressing the hope that such progress will be extended to all major population centres,", "Emphasizing the right of all people in the region to the enjoyment of human rights as enshrined in the international human rights covenants,", "1. Reiterates that all measures and actions taken by Israel, the occupying Power, in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, in violation of the relevant provisions of the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, of 12 August 1949,⁸ and contrary to the relevant resolutions of the Security Council, are illegal and have no validity;", "2. Demands that Israel, the occupying Power, cease all practices and actions that violate the human rights of the Palestinian people, including the killing and injury of civilians, the arbitrary detention and imprisonment of civilians and the destruction and confiscation of civilian property, and that it fully respect human rights law and comply with its legal obligations in this regard;", "3. Also demands that Israel, the occupying Power, comply fully with the provisions of the Fourth Geneva Convention of 1949⁸ and cease immediately all measures and actions taken in violation and in breach of the Convention;", "4. Further demands that Israel, the occupying Power, cease all of its settlement activities, the construction of the wall and any other measures aimed at altering the character, status and demographic composition of the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including in and around East Jerusalem, all of which, inter alia, gravely and detrimentally impact the human rights of the Palestinian people and the prospects for a peaceful settlement;", "5. Condemns all acts of violence, including all acts of terror, provocation, incitement and destruction, especially the excessive use of force by the Israeli occupying forces against Palestinian civilians, particularly in the Gaza Strip, which have caused extensive loss of life and vast numbers of injuries, including among children, massive damage and destruction to homes, properties, vital infrastructure and public institutions, including hospitals, schools and United Nations facilities, and agricultural lands, and internal displacement of civilians;", "6. Expresses grave concern at the firing of rockets against Israeli civilian areas resulting in loss of life and injury;", "7. Reiterates its demand for the full implementation of Security Council resolution 1860 (2009);", "8. Demands that Israel, the occupying Power, comply with its legal obligations under international law, as mentioned in the advisory opinion rendered on 9 July 2004 by the International Court of Justice⁷ and as demanded in General Assembly resolutions ES‑10/15 of 20 July 2004 and ES‑10/13 of 21 October 2003, and that it immediately cease the construction of the wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including in and around East Jerusalem, dismantle forthwith the structure situated therein, repeal or render ineffective all legislative and regulatory acts relating thereto, and make reparation for all damage caused by the construction of the wall, which has gravely impacted the human rights and the socio-economic living conditions of the Palestinian people;", "9. Reiterates the need for respect for the territorial unity, contiguity and integrity of all of the Occupied Palestinian Territory and for guarantees of the freedom of movement of persons and goods within the Palestinian territory, including movement into and from East Jerusalem, into and from the Gaza Strip, between the West Bank and Gaza Strip, and to and from the outside world;", "10. Calls upon Israel, the occupying Power, to cease its imposition of prolonged closures and economic and movement restrictions, including those amounting to a blockade on the Gaza Strip, and, in this regard, to fully implement the Agreement on Movement and Access and the Agreed Principles for the Rafah Crossing, both of 15 November 2005, in order to allow for the sustained and regular movement of persons and goods and for the acceleration of long overdue reconstruction in the Gaza Strip;", "11. Urges Member States to continue to provide emergency assistance to the Palestinian people to alleviate the financial crisis and the dire socio-economic and humanitarian situation, particularly in the Gaza Strip;", "12. Emphasizes the need to preserve and develop the Palestinian institutions and infrastructure for the provision of vital public services to the Palestinian civilian population and the promotion of human rights, including civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights;", "13. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the implementation of the present resolution.", "81st plenary meeting 9 December 2011", "[1]  Resolution 217 A (III).", "[2]  See resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.", "[3]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1577, No. 27531.", "[4]  See A/66/370.", "[5]  A/66/356.", "[6]  A/HRC/16/72; see also A/66/358.", "[7]  See A/ES‑10/273 and Corr.1; see also Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, Advisory Opinion, I.C.J. Reports 2004, p. 136.", "[8]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 75, No. 973.", "[9]  S/2003/529, annex.", "[10]  See A/63/855‑S/2009/250.", "[11]  A/HRC/12/48." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/66/427)]", "Israeli violations of the human rights of the Palestinian people in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, alternatives", "Recalling also the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, [2] International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights2 and the Convention on the Rights of the Child,[3] and affirm that these human rights instruments must be respected in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem,", "Reaffirming its relevant resolutions, including resolution 63/205 of 10 December 2010, and the resolution adopted at its tenth emergency special session,", "Recalling the relevant resolutions of the Human Rights Council,", "Recalling also the relevant resolutions of the Security Council, and stressing the need to implement them,", "Having considered the report of the Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Palestinian People and Other Arabs of the Occupied Territories [4] and the report of the Secretary-General,", "Noting the recent reports of the Special Rapporteur of the Human Rights Council on the situation of human rights in the Occupied Palestinian Territory since 1967, [6] and other relevant recent reports of the Human Rights Council,", "Aware of the responsibility of the international community to promote human rights and to ensure respect for international law, and recalling in this regard its resolution 2625 (XXV) of 24 October 1970,", "Recalling the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice of 9 July 2004, [7] and recalling General Assembly resolutions ES-10/15 of 20 July 2004 and ES-10/17 of 15 December 2006,", "Noting in particular the responses of the Court, including the construction of the wall by Israel, the occupying Power, in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem and its surroundings, and its related regime, in violation of international law,", "Reaffirming the principle of the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by force,", "Reaffirming also that the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War of 12 August 1949 [8] applies to other Arab territories occupied by Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and since 1967,", "Reaffirming also the obligations of States parties to the Fourth Geneva Convention8 under articles 146, 147 and 148 of the criminal sanctions, grave breaches and responsibilities of States parties to the Convention,", "Reaffirming that all States have the rights and obligations to act in accordance with international law and international humanitarian law to end acts of violence against their civilians in order to protect the lives of citizens,", "Stressing the importance of full compliance with the Israeli-Palestinian agreements reached in the context of the Middle East peace process, including the Sharm el-Sheikh understanding and the implementation of the Quartet's road map for a permanent two-State solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, [9]", "Stressing also the importance of the full implementation of the Agreement on Movement and Access of 15 November 2005 and the agreed principles on the Rafah crossings in order to enable the Palestinian civilian population to move freely and freely into the Gaza Strip within the Gaza Strip,", "Expressing grave concern at the continuing systematic violations by Israel, the occupying Power, of the human rights of the Palestinian people, including the excessive use of force and military operations resulting in the deaths and injuries of Palestinian civilians, including children, women, non-violent peaceful demonstrators, the use of collective punishment, the closure of some areas, confiscation of land, the establishment and expansion of settlements, deviation from the construction of a wall in the occupied Palestinian territory, destruction of property and infrastructure, and all other actions taken to alter the legal status, geographical nature and demographic composition of the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem,", "Gravely concerned, in particular, about the critical humanitarian and security situation in the Gaza Strip, owing to the prolonged closure and severe restrictions on the economic and mobility of the blockade, as well as the heavy deaths and injuries of Palestinian civilians, including children and women, from December 2008 to January 2009, and the extensive destruction and destruction of Palestinian homes, property, key infrastructure and public institutions, including hospitals, schools and United Nations facilities, and the internal displacement of civilians; and, in particular, grave concern at the launch of rockets to Israel,", "Stressing the need for the full implementation of Security Council resolution 1860 (2009) of 8 January 2009 and General Assembly resolution ES-10/18 of 16 January 2009,", "Gravely concerned about reports of gross violations of human rights and international humanitarian law committed during the military operations in the Gaza Strip from December 2008 to January 2009, including the findings contained in the report of the Secretary-General on the Commission of Inquiry [10] and the report of the United Nations fact-finding mission on the Gaza conflict [11], and reiterating the need for all parties to implement carefully the recommendations made to it in order to ensure accountability and justice,", "Deeply concerned at the widespread destruction and the continuing obstruction by Israel, the occupying Power, of the short and long-term adverse impact of the reconstruction process on the human rights situation and socio-economic and humanitarian situation of Palestinian civilians,", "Also expresses deep concern at the Israeli closure policy in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, which imposes severe restrictions and establish checkpoints, several of which have been turned into buildings of the permanent crossings; the establishment of a licensing system; all of which impede the free movement of persons and goods, including medical and humanitarian goods, and undermine territorial contiguation; and deeply concerned at the consequent violations of the human rights of the Palestinian people, as well as the adverse impact on the socio-economic situation of the Palestinian people and on efforts to restore and develop the Palestinian economy, which continues to cause humanitarian crisis in the Gaza Strip, taking note of the latest developments in the ground access situation,", "Deeply concerned that thousands of Palestinians, including many children and women, continue to be held in Israeli prisons or detention centres, with harsh conditions, in particular poor sanitation, solitary confinement, lack of adequate medical services, non-family visits and denial of due process, thereby undermining their well-being, and expressing deep concern at reports of abuse and harassment of all Palestinian prisoners and of all relevant torture,", "Concerned about the possible consequences of the detention of Palestinian civilians in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, in detention and deportation of military orders, by Israel, the occupying Power, and recalling in this regard the prohibition of the deportation of civilians from the occupied territories,", "Convinced of the need to monitor the situation by international presences to help end violence, protect the Palestinian civilian population, assist the parties in the implementation of the agreements reached and, in this regard, recalls the positive contribution of the temporary international presence in Hebron,", "Taking note of the continuing efforts of the Palestinian Authority in the security sector and the significant progress made, and calling upon all parties to continue their cooperation in favour of both Palestinians and Israelis, in particular in promoting security and confidence-building, and hoping that this progress will be extended to all major population centres,", "Emphasizing the right of all peoples in the region to enjoy the human rights enshrined in international human rights conventions,", "Reaffirms once again that all measures and actions taken by Israel, the occupying Power, in violation of the relevant provisions of the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War of 12 August 19498 and in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, are illegal and null and void;", "Demands that Israel, the occupying Power, cease all violations of the human rights of the Palestinian people, including the killing and injury of civilians, arbitrary detention and imprisonment of civilians and the destruction and confiscation of civilian property, and fully respect human rights law and comply with its legal obligations in this regard;", "Also demands that Israel, the occupying Power, comply fully with the provisions of the Fourth Geneva Convention of 1949,8 and immediately cease all violations and measures and actions contrary to the Convention;", "Also requests Israel, the occupying Power, to cease all settlement activities and the construction of the wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem and its surroundings, as well as any other measure aimed at changing its nature, status and population composition, which, in particular, has a devastating impact on the prospects for the human rights and peaceful settlement of the Palestinian people;", "Condemns all acts of violence, including all acts of terror, provocation, incitement and destruction, in particular the excessive use of force by the Israeli occupying forces against Palestinian civilians in the Gaza Strip, resulting in a large number of casualties, including children, as well as the destruction of large numbers of homes, property, key infrastructure, public institutions, including hospitals, schools and United Nations facilities, and the displacement of civilians;", "Expresses grave concern at the launch of rockets against Israeli civilian areas, resulting in casualties;", "Reiterates its call for the full implementation of Security Council resolution 1860 (2009);", "Demands that Israel, the occupying Power, comply with its legal obligations under international law and cease immediately the construction of the wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem and its surroundings, immediately dismantle such buildings in the territory, repeal all relevant legislative and regulatory regulations or nullify them and compensate all losses arising from the construction of the wall, as requested by the General Assembly in its resolution ES-10/15 of 20 July 2004 and ES-10/13 of 21 October 2003, which have severely affected the human rights and socio-economic conditions of the Palestinian people;", "Reaffirms the need to respect the territorial unity, territorial integrity and territorial integrity of all occupied Palestinian territories and to guarantee the freedom of movement of persons and goods in the Palestinian territories, including free access to East Jerusalem, the Gaza Strip, the West Bank and the outside world;", "Calls upon Israel, the occupying Power, to put an end to the imposition of long-term closures and restrictions on economic and mobility, including those on the real embargo against the Gaza Strip, and, in this regard, to fully implement the Agreement on Movement and Access and the principles agreed upon at the Rafah crossings on 15 November 2005 in order to enable the continuous and regular flow of persons and goods and to accelerate the reconstruction of the Gaza Strip;", "Urges Member States to continue to provide urgent assistance to the Palestinian people in alleviating the financial crisis, the dire socio-economic and humanitarian situation in the Gaza Strip, in particular;", "Emphasizes the need to preserve and develop Palestinian institutions and infrastructure in order to provide important public services to the Palestinian civilian population for the promotion of human rights, including civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights;", "Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the implementation of the present resolution.", "9 December 2011", "81st plenary meeting", "Resolution 217A (III).", "[2] See resolution 2200A (XXI), annex.", "United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1577, No. 27531.", "[4] See Alain70.", "[5] A/63/356.", "[6] A/HRC/16/72; see also A/63/358.", "[7] See A/ES-10/273 and Corr.1; see also Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, Advisory Opinion”, Reports 2004, p. 136.", "[8] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 75, No. 973.", "[9] S/2003/529, annex.", "[10] See A/63/855-S/2009/250.", "[11] A/HRC/12/48." ]

[ "2011年12月9日大会决议", "[根据特别政治和非殖民化委员会（第四委员会）的报告(A/66/427)通过]", "66/80. 被占领的叙利亚戈兰", "大会，", "审议了调查以色列侵害占领区巴勒斯坦人民和其他阿拉伯人人权的行为特别委员会的报告，[1]", "深为关切自1967年以来被占领的叙利亚戈兰继续受到以色列军事占领，", "回顾安全理事会1981年12月17日第497(1981)号决议，", "又回顾其以往各项有关决议，最近一项是2010年12月10日第65/106号决议，", "审议了秘书长依照第65/106号决议提交的报告，[2]", "回顾其以往各项有关决议，其中除其他外，要求以色列终止占领阿拉伯领土，", "再次重申1981年12月14日以色列关于将其法律、管辖权和行政权强加于被占领的叙利亚戈兰的决定是非法的，因为这项决定造成对该领土的实际吞并，", "重申国际法，包括《联合国宪章》，不容许以武力夺取领土，", "又重申1949年8月12日《关于战时保护平民之日内瓦公约》[3] 适用于被占领的叙利亚戈兰，", "铭记安全理事会1967年6月14日第237(1967)号决议，", "欢迎在马德里举行以安全理事会1967年11月22日第242(1967)号和1973年10月22日第338(1973)号决议为基础的中东和平会议，以期实现公正、全面和持久的和平，并严重关切和平进程陷入全面停顿状态，", "1. 吁请占领国以色列遵守关于被占领的叙利亚戈兰的有关决议，特别是安全理事会第497(1981)号决议，其中除其他外，安理会断定以色列将其法律、管辖权和行政权强加于被占领的叙利亚戈兰的决定是无效和无国际法律效力的，因此要求占领国以色列立即撤销其决定；", "2. 又吁请以色列停止改变被占领的叙利亚戈兰的自然特征、人口组成、体制结构和法律地位，特别是停止建立定居点；", "3. 确定占领国以色列已采取或将采取的意图改变被占领的叙利亚戈兰的特征和法律地位的所有立法和行政措施和行动均属无效，这些行为公然违反国际法及1949年8月12日《关于战时保护平民之日内瓦公约》，³ 因此没有任何法律效力；", "4. 吁请以色列停止将以色列国籍和以色列身份证强加于被占领的叙利亚戈兰的叙利亚公民，并停止对被占领的叙利亚戈兰居民采取镇压措施；", "5. 对以色列违反1949年8月12日《关于战时保护平民之日内瓦公约》规定的行为表示非常遗憾；", "6. 再次吁请各会员国切勿承认任何上述立法或行政措施和行动；", "7. 请秘书长就本决议的执行情况向大会第六十七届会议提出报告。", "2011年12月9日", "第81次全体会议", "[1] 见A/66/370。", "[2] A/66/400。", "[3] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第75卷，第973号。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/66/427)]", "66/80. The occupied Syrian Golan", "The General Assembly,", "Having considered the report of the Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Palestinian People and Other Arabs of the Occupied Territories,[1]", "Deeply concerned that the Syrian Golan, occupied since 1967, has been under continued Israeli military occupation,", "Recalling Security Council resolution 497 (1981) of 17 December 1981,", "Recalling also its previous relevant resolutions, the most recent of which was resolution 65/106 of 10 December 2010,", "Having considered the report of the Secretary-General submitted in pursuance of resolution 65/106,[2]", "Recalling its previous relevant resolutions in which, inter alia, it called upon Israel to put an end to its occupation of the Arab territories,", "Reaffirming once more the illegality of the decision of 14 December 1981 taken by Israel to impose its laws, jurisdiction and administration on the occupied Syrian Golan, which has resulted in the effective annexation of that territory,", "Reaffirming that the acquisition of territory by force is inadmissible under international law, including the Charter of the United Nations,", "Reaffirming also the applicability of the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, of 12 August 1949,[3] to the occupied Syrian Golan,", "Bearing in mind Security Council resolution 237 (1967) of 14 June 1967,", "Welcoming the convening at Madrid of the Peace Conference on the Middle East on the basis of Security Council resolutions 242 (1967) of 22 November 1967 and 338 (1973) of 22 October 1973 aimed at the realization of a just, comprehensive and lasting peace, and expressing grave concern about the stalling of the peace process on all tracks,", "1. Calls upon Israel, the occupying Power, to comply with the relevant resolutions on the occupied Syrian Golan, in particular Security Council resolution 497 (1981), in which the Council, inter alia, decided that the Israeli decision to impose its laws, jurisdiction and administration on the occupied Syrian Golan was null and void and without international legal effect and demanded that Israel, the occupying Power, rescind forthwith its decision;", "2. Also calls upon Israel to desist from changing the physical character, demographic composition, institutional structure and legal status of the occupied Syrian Golan and in particular to desist from the establishment of settlements;", "3. Determines that all legislative and administrative measures and actions taken or to be taken by Israel, the occupying Power, that purport to alter the character and legal status of the occupied Syrian Golan are null and void, constitute a flagrant violation of international law and of the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, of 12 August 1949,³ and have no legal effect;", "4. Calls upon Israel to desist from imposing Israeli citizenship and Israeli identity cards on the Syrian citizens in the occupied Syrian Golan, and from its repressive measures against the population of the occupied Syrian Golan;", "5. Deplores the violations by Israel of the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, of 12 August 1949;", "6. Calls once again upon Member States not to recognize any of the legislative or administrative measures and actions referred to above;", "7. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the implementation of the present resolution.", "81st plenary meeting 9 December 2011", "[1]  See A/66/370.", "[2]  A/66/400.", "[3]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 75, No. 973." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/66/427)]", "occupied Syrian Golan", "The General Assembly,", "Having considered the report of the Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Palestinian People and Other Arabs of the Occupied Territories,", "Deeply concerned at the continuing Israeli military occupation of the occupied Syrian Golan since 1967,", "Recalling Security Council resolution 497 (1981) of 17 December 1981,", "Recalling also its previous relevant resolutions, the latest of which was resolution 63/206 of 10 December 2010,", "Having considered the report of the Secretary-General pursuant to resolution 63/206, [2]", "Recalling its previous relevant resolutions, which, inter alia, require that Israel end its occupation of the Arab territories,", "Reaffirming once again that the Israeli decision of 14 December 1981 to impose its legal, jurisdiction and administrative rights on the occupied Syrian Golan is illegal, as this decision resulted in the practical annexation of the Territory,", "Reaffirming that international law, including the Charter of the United Nations, does not allow the acquisition of territory by force,", "Reaffirming also the applicability of the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, of 12 August 1949, [3] to the occupied Syrian Golan,", "Bearing in mind Security Council resolution 237 (1967) of 14 June 1967,", "Welcoming the holding in Madrid of the Middle East Peace Conference, based on Security Council resolutions 242 (1967) of 22 November 1967 and 338 (1973) of 22 October 1973, with a view to achieving a just, comprehensive and lasting peace, and expressing grave concern at the comprehensive standstill of the peace process,", "Calls upon Israel, the occupying Power, to comply with the relevant resolutions on the occupied Syrian Golan, in particular Security Council resolution 497 (1981), in which the Council, inter alia, concluded that Israel's decision to impose its legal, jurisdiction and administration on the occupied Syrian Golan is null and void and without international legal effect, and therefore demanded that Israel, the occupying Power, immediately withdraw its decision;", "Also calls upon Israel to cease changing the natural character, demographic composition, institutional structure and legal status of the occupied Syrian Golan, in particular the establishment of settlements;", "Determines that all legislative and administrative measures and actions taken or to be taken by Israel, the occupying Power, to alter the character and legal status of the occupied Syrian Golan are null and void, which constitute a flagrant violation of international law and of the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War of 12 August 1949,3 and thus have no legal effect;", "Calls upon Israel to put an end to the imposition of Israeli citizenship and Israeli identity cards on Syrian citizens in the occupied Syrian Golan and to cease its repressive measures against the population of the occupied Syrian Golan;", "Expresses its deep regret at the Israeli violations of the provisions of the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War of 12 August 1949;", "Reiterates its call upon Member States not to recognize any such legislative or administrative measures and actions;", "Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the implementation of the present resolution.", "9 December 2011", "81st plenary meeting", "See Alain 70.", "[2] A/66/400.", "[3] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 75, No. 973." ]

[ "2011年12月9日大会决议", "[根据特别政治和非殖民化委员会（第四委员会）的报告(A/66/429)通过]", "66/81. 有关信息的问题", "A 信息为全人类服务", "大会，", "表示注意到新闻委员会全面而重要的报告，[1]", "又表示注意到秘书长有关信息的问题的报告，[2]", "重申所有国家、整个联合国系统各组织和所有其他有关方面忠于《联合国宪章》的原则、出版自由和新闻自由的原则及媒体独立、多元和多样化的原则，深为关切发达国家与发展中国家之间存在着差距，这些差距产生了各种后果，影响到发展中国家公营、私营或其他媒体及个人通过本国文化制作来传播信息、传播其观点和文化及伦理价值观以及确保信息来源的多样化和自由获得信息的能力，并认识到这方面的呼声，即建立一个在联合国以及在各种国际论坛内称为“被视为一个不断演变的持续进程的世界信息和通信新秩序”，促请所有国家、整个联合国系统各组织和所有其他有关方面：", "(a) 开展合作和互动，以期缩小各级信息流通方面的现有差距，为此增加对发展中国家通信基础设施和能力发展的援助，同时适当考虑到这些国家的需要及其在上述领域的优先次序，以使发展中国家及其公营、私营或其他媒体能自由独立地制订自己的信息和通信政策，促使媒体和个人更多地参与通信进程，并确保信息在各级的自由流通；", "(b) 确保记者能自由而有效地履行其专业职责，坚决谴责一切攻击记者的行为；", "(c) 提供支助，以继续开展并加强为发展中国家公营、私营和其他媒体的广播员和记者举办的实习训练方案；", "(d) 增进发展中国家间的区域努力和合作以及发达国家与发展中国家间的合作，以加强发展中国家的通信能力及改进媒体的基础设施和通信技术，尤其是在训练和信息传播方面；", "(e) 除双边合作外，在适当考虑到各发展中国家及其公营、私营或其他媒体在信息领域的关注事项和需求以及在联合国系统内已采取的行动的情况下，向它们提供一切可能的支助和援助，包括：", "㈠ 开发为改善发展中国家信息和通信系统所不可或缺的人力和技术资源，并支助继续开展及加强实习训练方案，例如已遍及整个发展中世界的由公营和私营部门主办的各种实习训练方案；", "㈡ 创造条件，使发展中国家及其公营、私营或其他媒体能够通过利用本国和区域的资源来获得适合本国需要的通信技术以及必要的节目材料，尤其是供无线电和电视广播用的必要节目材料；", "㈢ 协助建立和促进次区域、区域和区域间各级电信连接，特别是发展中国家之间的电信连接；", "㈣ 为发展中国家获得公开市场提供的先进通信技术酌情提供便利；", "(f) 充分支持联合国教育、科学及文化组织的国际通信发展方案，[3] 该方案将会支助公营和私营媒体。", "2011年12月9日", "第81次全体会议", "B 联合国公共信息政策和活动", "大会，", "强调新闻委员会是负责就秘书处新闻部的工作向大会提出建议的大会主要附属机构，", "重申1946年2月13日第13(I)号决议，在该决议中，大会决定设立新闻部，目的是使世界人民最大限度地充分了解联合国的工作及宗旨，并重申与新闻部活动有关的大会所有其他相关决议，", "强调公共信息和传播的内容应成为联合国战略管理的中心，沟通和透明文化应渗透联合国的各个层面，以促进世界各国人民充分了解联合国按照《联合国宪章》所载宗旨和原则确立的目标和开展的活动，使联合国在全球得到广泛支持，", "强调指出新闻部的首要任务是通过其外联活动，向公众提供关于联合国的任务和责任的准确、公正、全面、均衡、及时和相关的信息，以便用最透明的方式，加强国际上对联合国活动的支持，", "回顾大会2010年12月10日第65/107 B号决议，该决议为采取适当措施提高该部的效率和功效以及最大限度地利用其资源提供了一个机会，", "表示关切发达国家与发展中国家之间在信息和通信技术方面的差距继续扩大，而且发展中国家广大民众没有从目前的信息和通信技术受益，为此强调需要扭转目前信息和通信技术发展中的这种不均衡状况，使之更为公正、公平和有效，", "确认信息和通信技术的发展为经济增长和社会发展带来了许多新机会，可在消除发展中国家的贫穷方面发挥重要作用，同时强调这些技术发展也带来了各种挑战和风险，有可能导致国家之间和国家内部的差距进一步扩大，", "回顾其2009年9月9日关于使用多种语文的第63/306号决议，强调必须在新闻部的活动中尽可能使用联合国的各种正式语文，以便消除英文与其他五种正式语文在使用上的不均衡，", "一 导 言", "1. 请秘书长在联合国公共信息政策和活动方面继续充分执行相关决议所载各项建议；", "2. 重申联合国仍然是一个和平、公正的世界所必不可少的基石，必须让人们确切清楚地听到它的声音，并强调新闻部在这方面的重要作用；", "3. 强调指出秘书处应会员国要求并根据现有的任务规定和程序向会员国提供清楚、及时、准确和全面的信息的重要性；", "4. 重申新闻委员会在联合国公共信息政策和活动中，包括在确定这些活动的轻重缓急次序方面的中心作用，并决定与新闻部工作方案有关的建议应尽量在新闻委员会内提出，并由新闻委员会审议；", "5. 请新闻部遵循大会2010年12月24日第65/244号决议规定的优先顺序，回顾《联合国千年宣言》[4] 和2005年世界首脑会议成果文件，[5] 对和平与安全、发展与人权以及下列重大问题给予特别关注：消除贫穷，包括全球粮食危机；预防冲突；可持续发展；艾滋病毒/艾滋病的蔓延；打击一切形式和表现的恐怖主义以及非洲大陆的需求；", "6. 请新闻部和联合国新闻中心网络在开展活动时，尤其关注在实现国际商定的发展目标，包括在实现《千年宣言》和联合国有关首脑会议和重大会议成果文件所载的目标方面取得的进展；吁请新闻部发挥积极作用，使公众进一步认识到世界金融和经济危机及其对发展的影响，包括对实现千年发展目标的影响；认识到气候变化这一全球性挑战，特别是在《联合国气候变化框架公约》[6] 的框架内,根据共同但有区别责任的原则采取的行动，尤其是在公约缔约方会议届会和京都议定书[7] 缔约方会议的背景下采取的行动；", "二 新闻部的一般性活动", "7. 表示注意到秘书长关于新闻部活动的各项报告；[8]", "8. 请新闻部继续致力于建立一种评价文化，继续评价其产品和活动以提高功效，并继续与会员国和秘书处内部监督事务厅合作与协调；", "9. 重申新闻部与秘书长发言人办公室之间必须开展更有效的协调，并请秘书长确保联合国发出的信息一致；", "10. 注意到新闻部努力继续宣传大会工作和决定，请该部继续加强与大会主席办公室的工作关系；", "11. 鼓励新闻部与联合国教育、科学及文化组织在促进文化以及在教育和通信领域继续开展协作，缩小发达国家与发展中国家之间的差距；", "12. 赞赏地注意到新闻部同联合国系统其他组织和机构在地方一级为加强其宣传活动的协调而作的努力，并再次请秘书长向新闻委员会第三十四届会议报告这方面的进展和联合国宣传小组的活动；", "13. 重申新闻部必须确定其工作方案的优先次序，在遵守现有任务规定并符合《方案规划、预算内方案部分、执行情况监测和评价方法条例和细则》[9] 条 例5.6的情况下，突出其信息的重点，更好地重点开展工作，在改进反馈和评价机制的基础上，根据目标受众的需要确定其方案；", "14. 请秘书长继续全力确保秘书处的出版物和其他信息服务，包括联合国网站和联合国新闻服务处，以所有正式语文提供关于联合国审议的各种问题的全面、均衡、客观和公平的信息，并确保信息保持编辑独立性、公正性和准确性，与大会决议和决定完全一致；", "15. 再次请新闻部和秘书处提供材料各部门确保以不增成本并无害环境的方式用所有正式语文印制联合国出版物，并继续同包括秘书处其他所有部门以及联合国系统各基金和方案在内的其他所有实体密切协调，在其各自的职权范围内避免重复印发联合国出版物；", "16. 强调新闻部应在发展中国家，并酌情在其他有特殊需要的国家特别重视的领域，维持和改进它的活动，而且新闻部的活动应有助于缩小发展中国家与发达国家目前在公共信息和通信这一关键领域中的差距；", "17. 再次关切地注意到每日新闻稿尚未按照以往决议的要求，充分遵守所有六种正式语文地位平等的原则，通过与学术界和其他机构做出不增加成本的合作安排，以所有正式语文印发；", "使用多种语文和公共信息", "18. 强调必须确保新闻部的所有活动，无论是基于传统媒体还是新媒体的活动，包括向新闻委员会提交的文件中，公平对待联合国所有正式语文，以便消除英文与其他五种正式语文在使用上的不均衡；", "19. 再次请秘书长确保新闻部配备联合国所有正式语文的适当工作人员，以便开展新闻部所有活动，并在铭记所有六种正式语文平等的原则和考虑到各正式语文工作量的情况下，在新闻部今后的拟议方案预算中列入这方面的经费；", "20. 欢迎新闻部为了加强在所有活动中使用多种语文而进行的坚持不懈的努力，强调指出必须确保通过联合国网站提供所有六种正式语文版的所有新的联合国公开文件，提供联合国的新闻资料以及联合国以往所有文件，供会员国随时查阅，并进一步强调充分执行大会第63/306号决议的重要性；", "缩小数码鸿沟", "21. 请新闻部为提高国际社会的认识作出贡献，使国际社会认识到执行信息社会世界首脑会议成果文件的重要性，[10] 认识到因特网及其它信息和通信技术的使用能够给社会和经济带来的机遇，认知缩小数码鸿沟的各种方式，包括通过纪念5月17日世界信息社会日；", "联合国新闻中心网络", "22. 强调联合国新闻中心网络在以下方面的重要性：提升联合国的公共形象；向当地民众，特别是向发展中国家的当地民众传播关于联合国的信息，铭记以当地语文传播信息对当地民众影响最大；动员为联合国在当地开展的工作提供支助；", "23. 欢迎联合国新闻中心网络为促进以联合国正式语文以外的语文出版联合国新闻材料和翻译重要文件所作的努力，鼓励新闻中心网络继续发展当地语文网页，并鼓励新闻部提供必要的资源和技术设施，以便向尽可能广泛的各阶层民众传播信息，将联合国的信息传达到世界每一角落，从而加强对联合国活动的国际支持，并鼓励在这方面继续做出努力；", "24. 强调指出必须实现联合国新闻中心网络合理化，为此请秘书长在这方面继续提出建议，包括在必要时改拨资源，并向新闻委员会以后各届会议提出报告；", "25. 重申联合国新闻中心合理化工作必须根据具体情况，同现有新闻中心所在的所有有关会员国、新闻中心所服务的国家以及区域内的其他有关国家协商进行，同时考虑到每个区域各自的独特性；", "26. 确认联合国新闻中心网络，尤其是设在发展中国家的新闻中心，应继续通过提供战略宣传支助等方式来加强其影响力和活动，并吁请秘书长向新闻委员会以后各届会议提交关于这种做法实施情况的报告；", "27. 请新闻部通过联合国各新闻中心加强与所有其他联合国实体在国家一级以及在联合国发展援助框架范围内的合作，以增加宣传工作的一致性并避免工作的重复；", "28. 强调指出 必须考虑到发展中国家为实现信息在其国内有效流通而在信息和通信技术方面的特殊需要和要求；", "29. 又强调指出必须努力加强联合国针对那些不在联合国新闻中心网络内的会员国进行的外联活动，并鼓励秘书长在开展合理化工作时，把新闻中心网络的服务扩展到这些会员国；", "30. 还强调指出新闻部应继续审查为联合国设在发展中国家的新闻中心分配人力和财务资源的情况，同时考虑到最不发达国家的具体需求；", "31. 欢迎一些会员国，包括发展中国家，主动提出为缺少经费的联合国新闻中心提供免费房舍，同时铭记不应以这种支助取代在联合国方案预算中为新闻中心配足财政资源；", "32. 注意到开罗、墨西哥城和比勒陀利亚的联合国新闻中心得到加强，鼓励秘书长与有关会员国合作，并在不增加费用的情况下，探索如何加强其他新闻中心，尤其是设在非洲的新闻中心；", "33. 欢迎大会2009年12月24日第64/243号决议，其中大会请秘书长在罗安达设立一个联合国新闻中心，以满足葡语非洲国家的特殊需要；重申请秘书长与安哥拉政府协调，采取必要措施，推动迅速设立该新闻中心；并请秘书长向新闻委员会第三十四届会议报告在这方面取得的进展；", "34. 鼓励秘书长在任命联合国新闻中心主任时，除其他外充分考虑到候选人在信息和通信技术方面的经验，将此作为取用的重要标准之一；", "三 战略通信事务", "35. 重申战略通信事务部门在拟订和传播联合国信息方面的作用是，在充分遵守各实质性部门、联合国各基金和方案以及各专门机构的法定任务的情况下，同它们密切合作，制订通信战略；", "宣传活动", "36. 赞赏新闻部在通过其宣传活动增进对国际社会十分重要的问题的了解，如《联合国千年宣言》以及落实国际商定的发展目标的进展情况、联合国改革、消除贫穷、预防冲突、维持和平、建设和平、可持续发展、裁军、非殖民化、包括妇女、儿童、残疾人和移徙工人权利在内的人权、人道主义救济方面特别是自然灾害和其他危机中的战略协调、艾滋病毒/艾滋病、疟疾、结核病、非传染性疾病和其他疾病、非洲大陆的需要、非洲严重经济和社会状况的性质及非洲发展新伙伴关系的优先事项、[11] 最不发达国家特殊需要、建立奴隶制和跨大西洋贩卖奴隶行为受害者永久纪念碑、打击一切形式和表现的恐怖主义、不同文明之间的对话、和平容忍文化和切尔诺贝利灾难的后果以及防止灭绝种族行为等，并请该部与有关国家、联合国系统相关组织和机构合作，继续采取适当措施，提高全世界公众对所有这些问题的认识；", "37. 请新闻部协助纪念联合国教育、科学及文化组织大会宣布的2月21日“国际母语日”；大会2007年12月17日第62/122号决议设立的3月25日奴隶制和跨大西洋贩卖奴隶行为受害者国际纪念日；大会2009年11月10日第64/13号决议设立的7月18日“纳尔逊·曼德拉国际日”；并请该部发挥作用，酌情以不增加成本的方式提高人们的认识，并宣传这些活动；", "38. 赞扬秘书处，尤其是新闻部发挥作用，于2011年3月21日第一次正式纪念“国际诺鲁孜节”，活动是由大会2010年2月23日第64/253号决议的所有提案国联合举办的；", "39. 请新闻部和联合国新闻中心网络采取适当措施，提高对2012年联合国可持续发展大会及对有关可持续发展问题的认识，并传播相关信息；", "40. 又请新闻部和联合国新闻中心网络以不增加成本的方式，提高对大会2010年12月10日第65/119号决议宣布的第三个铲除殖民主义国际十年的认识，并传播相关信息；", "新闻部在联合国维持和平行动方面的作用", "41. 请秘书处继续确保新闻部通过与秘书处其他部门，尤其是与维持和平行动部和外勤支助部的部门间协商和协调，从规划阶段就开始参与未来的维持和平行动；", "42. 请新闻部、维持和平行动部和外勤支助部继续合作，使人们更好地认识维持和平行动，特别是复杂的多层面维持和平行动面临的新现实、意义深远的成功与挑战以及最近联合国维持和平活动激增的情况，并欢迎这三个部为就联合国维持和平目前面临的挑战拟订和执行一项全面通信战略所作的努力；", "43. 强调指出必须加强新闻部在维持和平行动领域的新闻能力，并与维持和平行动部和外勤支助部密切合作，加强新闻部在联合国维持和平行动或特派团新闻人员甄选程序中的作用，在这方面请新闻部借调具备执行维和行动或维和特派团任务所需技能的新闻人员，考虑到《联合国宪章》第十五章第一百零一条第三款规定的公平地域分配原则，同时酌情考虑特别是东道国就此表示的意见；", "44. 强调在联合国网站上建立维持和平网关的重要性，并请新闻部继续努力支持维持和平特派团进一步发展其网站；", "45. 请新闻部和维持和平行动部继续合作实施有效的外联方案，解释本组织对性剥削和性虐待采取的零容忍政策，向公众通报所有涉及维持和平人员的此类案件的处理结果，包括有关指控经最终认定在法律上无法证实的案件，并知会公众大会已通过《联合国关于援助和支持受联合国工作人员和有关人员性剥削和性虐待受害人的全面战略》；[12]", "新闻部在加强不同文明间对话和加强和平文化以增进各国间了解方面的作用", "46. 回顾其关于不同文明间对话及和平文化的各项决议，[13] 请新闻部在就这个问题开展宣传运动的同时，确保各项主题具有针对性和相关性，继续提供必要支助以利传播与不同文明间对话及和平文化以及与不同文明联盟倡议有关的信息，采取适当步骤促进不同文明间对话的文化，并促进文化了解、容忍、尊重宗教和信仰及宗教和信仰自由、所有人切实享有所有人权以及公民、政治、经济、社会和文化权利，包括发展权；", "47. 邀请联合国系统特别是新闻部继续鼓励和推动不同文明对话，并设法在联合国各领域的活动中促进不同文明对话，同时顾及《不同文明对话全球议程行动纲领》，[14] 并在这方面期待秘书长按大会2005年10月20日第60/4号决议要求提出的报告，还欢迎大会第六十四届会议主席决定在2010年召开关于这个问题的非正式专题辩论；", "48. 确认不同文明联盟取得的成就和秘书长不同文明联盟高级代表所作的努力，大会在2009年11月10日第64/14号决议中对此表示欢迎，表示注意到定于2011年12月11至13日在多哈举行的不同文明联盟第四次论坛将在青年、教育、媒体和移徙等领域发起广泛的举措和合作，并欢迎新闻部继续支持不同文明联盟的工作，包括其目前开展的各个项目；", "四 新闻事务", "49. 强调指出新闻部新闻事务的中心目标是利用报刊杂志、无线电广播、电视和因特网所有四种大众媒体，向全世界媒体和其他受众及时发送来自联合国系统的准确、客观和均衡的新闻和信息，始终强调使用多种语文，并再次请新闻部确保所有即时新闻报道和新闻预报做到准确公正，不带偏见；", "50. 强调新闻部必须通过称为“世界应多加了解的十大新闻”的活动，并通过联合国电视台和联合国电台的音像报道，继续提请世界媒体注意未获显著报道的新闻；", "传统通信手段", "51. 欢迎联合国电台作为新闻部可利用的最有效、影响最广的传统媒体之一和促进联合国活动的一个重要工具，继续采取主动措施，加强实况广播服务，每日向广播台站提供关于所有联合国活动的更新更频繁的所有六种正式语文的报道和专题节目，并请秘书长继续尽一切努力在联合国广播节目制作方面实现六种正式语文的平等；", "52. 又欢迎新闻部正努力以六种正式语文、并增加以葡萄牙文和斯瓦希里文以及在可能时以其他语文，向全世界各广播电台直接发送节目；", "53. 请新闻部继续与当地、国家和区域的广播公司建立伙伴关系，准确和公允地把联合国的信息传遍世界的每一角落，并请新闻部广播电台和电视处继续充分利用近年来出现的技术基础设施；", "联合国网站", "54. 重申联合国网站是媒体、非政府组织、教育机构、会员国和公众的一个重要工具，并在这方面重申新闻部仍需加强努力维持和改善该网站；", "55. 确认新闻部为落实关于残疾人无障碍使用联合国网站的基本要求而作的努力，并吁请新闻部继续努力使所有新增网页和更新网页均符合无障碍上网要求，以确保不同类型残疾人都能无障碍地上网；", "56. 注意到联合国网站多语种发展和内容扩充方面的情况已得到改进，[15] 并在这方面请新闻部与提供网站内容的秘书处各部门协调，进一步改进为实现联合国网站上实现六种正式语文版之间的充分平等而采取的行动，并特别再次请秘书长确保将新闻部内部拨给联合国网站的资金及人力资源充分分配给所有正式语文，并且考虑到每种正式语文的特殊性；", "57. 确认新闻部为增加可提供的某些正式语文的网页数量与学术机构达成的合作安排，再次急请秘书长将此种安排推广到所有联合国正式语文；", "58. 再次请提供内容的秘书处各部门都应以最实际、有效和符合成本效益的方式，将联合国网站上所有英文材料和数据库翻译成所有其他正式语文，并将其刊载于各语种网站上；", "59. 重申需要继续加强新闻部技术基础设施，扩大该部外联，以不增加成本的方式继续改进联合国网站；", "60. 请秘书长继续充分利用信息技术的新发展，按照大会决议确立的优先事项，在考虑到本组织的语言多样性基础上，以不增加成本的方式加快传播关于联合国的信息；确认电子邮件“新闻急报”服务；并鼓励新闻部与信息和通信技术厅协商，优先探索如何以所有正式语文提供此种服务；", "61. 确认某些正式语文使用非拉丁文字，并且是双向书写，而联合国的技术基础结构和辅助应用程序以拉丁字母为基础，从而使非拉丁文字和双向书写文字的处理遇到困难，因此敦促信息和通信技术厅进一步与新闻部合作，继续努力确保联合国的技术基础结构和辅助应用程序充分支持拉丁文字和非拉丁文字及双向书写文字，以使联合国网站更加平等地使用所有正式语文；", "62. 吁请新闻部承认音像档案的重要性，以及达格·哈马舍尔德图书馆采取行动保留本组织出版纪录作为共同遗产的重要性，欢迎联合国65年历史音像资料整理完毕，强调指出数字化的紧迫性，以防止独一无二的历史档案状况的进一步恶化，注意到该部努力与包括信息通信技术厅在内的其他部门协商拟订一项数字化战略，探索为数字化提供支助的渠道，包括与有关伙伴合作，以确保这些档案保存完好，可供查询；", "五 图书馆事务", "63. 又吁请新闻部继续领导联合国图书馆现代化和综合管理指导委员会，并进一步赞扬达格·哈马舍尔德图书馆和指导委员会的其他成员图书馆采取步骤，使其活动、服务和产出更紧密地与本组织的宗旨、目标和业务重点保持一致；", "64. 再次申明有必要以硬拷贝形式收藏全套多语种书籍、期刊和其他资料，以供会员国检索，确保达格·哈马舍尔德图书馆继续成为可供广泛检索的有关联合国及其活动的信息资源；", "65. 吁请新闻部认识到音像档案对维护我们共同遗产的重要性，继续审查其有关长期保存广播、电视、电影和照片档案的政策和活动，以及为了确保这些档案保存完好并可供查阅而采取的行动，包括结合基本建设总计划施工工程在不超出该计划总预算的情况下采取的行动；", "66. 注意到作为协调中心的达格·哈马舍尔德图书馆主动扩大为发展中国家的托存图书馆组织的区域培训和知识共享讲习班的范围，将外联活动也包括在内；", "67. 承认达格·哈马舍尔德图书馆在加强知识共享和联网活动以确保各位代表、会员国常驻代表团、秘书处、世界各地研究人员和托存图书馆能够查阅卷帙浩繁的联合国知识库方面所起的作用；", "六 外联事务", "68. 又承认新闻部进行的外联服务继续有助于提高人们对联合国作用和工作的认识；", "69. 欢迎新闻部的教育外联活动通过联合国服务全球方案和全球教与学项目，借助各种多媒体平台，开展面向世界各地教育工作者和青年的教育外联活动，并鼓励联合国服务全球方案继续进一步发展与全球媒体网络和名人倡导者及全球教学项目的伙伴关系，将其活动进一步扩展到小学、初中和高中师生；", "70. 注意到联合国学术影响活动的启动，该活动旨在便利联合国与高等教育机构的交流，支助本组织的共同原则和目标；", "71. 指出新闻部必须按照大会的授权，继续执行目前为发展中国家和经济转型国家广播人员和新闻记者开办的方案，并请新闻部除其他外通过延长方案期限和增加参与人数，考虑以何种最佳方式尽量利用该方案；", "72. 欢迎《联合国纪事》印刷版和网络版正朝教育外联方向发展及定向，并为此鼓励《联合国纪事》继续与民间社会组织和高等教育机构发展共同出版伙伴关系及各种合作教育活动；", "73. 请新闻部继续出版《联合国纪事》，以不增加成本的方式进一步改进，并向新闻委员会第三十四届会议报告此事进展情况，同时再次请新闻部提出以所有六种正式语文出版《联合国纪事》的各种备选方案；", "74. 注意到新闻部在现有授权内作出各种努力，在联合国总部和联合国其他办事处就与联合国相关的重要问题举办展览，以此作为联系公众的有益手段，重申导游作为联系公众的一种手段所发挥的重要作用，并请秘书长继续努力确保按其创收性质在联合国总部和其他联合国工作地点以所有联合国正式语文连贯提供导游；", "75. 又注意到新闻部正在加强其作为协调中心的作用，就会员国确定的联合国优先工作和关切事项与民间社会进行双向交流；", "76. 赞扬驻联合国新闻记者协会本着合作的精神正在进行的各项活动，及其设立达格·哈马舍尔德纪念奖学基金赞助发展中国家记者来联合国总部报道大会期间的活动，并进一步鼓励国际社会继续向该基金提供财政支助；", "77. 赞赏联合国和平使者、亲善大使和其他宣传者为促进联合国的工作、提高国际公众对联合国优先工作和关切问题的认识而作的各种努力和贡献，并吁请新闻部继续让他们参与其通信和媒体战略及外联活动；", "七 结束语", "78. 请秘书长向新闻委员会第三十四届会议和大会第六十七届会议报告新闻部的活动和本决议所载所有建议和要求的执行情况；", "79. 又请秘书长尽一切努力，确保新闻部在基本建设总计划的整个执行期间保持服务水平；", "80. 注意到新闻部在大会第六十三届会议一般性辩论期间主动与安全和安保部和礼宾和联络处合作，向会员国新闻官员颁发特别身份标志，使他们能够陪同采访来访高级官员的媒体人员进入禁区，并强烈敦促秘书长继续改进做法，满足会员国的要求，为会员国新闻官员增发足够的通行证，使他们能够进出所有认定禁区，以便有效和全面地报道有会员国代表团官员参加的高级别会议；", "81. 请新闻委员会向大会第六十七届会议提出报告；", "82. 决定把题为“有关信息的问题”的项目列入大会第六十七届会议临时议程。", "2011年12月9日", "第81次全体会议", "[1] 《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第21号》(A/66/21)。", "[2] A/66/261。", "[3] 见联合国教育、科学及文化组织，《大会记录，第二十一届会议，1980年9月23日至10月28日，贝尔格莱德》，第1卷，《决议》，第三.4节，第4/21号决议。", "[4] 见第55/2号决议。", "[5] 见第60/1号决议。", "[6] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第1771卷，第30822号。", "[7] 同上，第2303卷，第30822号。", "[8] A/AC.198/2010/2至4。", "[9] ST/SGB/2000/8。", "[10] 见A/C.2/59/3，附件；A/60/687。", "[11] A/57/304，附件。", "[12] 第62/214号决议，附件。", "[13] 第52/15、53/22、53/25、55/23、56/6、59/142和60/4号决议。", "[14] 第56/6号决议，B节。", "[15] 见A/AC.198/2007/13。" ]

[ "Resolutions adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/66/429)]", "66/81. Questions relating to information", "A", "INFORMATION IN THE SERVICE OF HUMANITY", "The General Assembly,", "Taking note of the comprehensive and important report of the Committee on Information,[1]", "Taking note also of the report of the Secretary-General on questions relating to information,[2]", "Urges all countries, organizations of the United Nations system as a whole and all others concerned, reaffirming their commitment to the principles of the Charter of the United Nations and to the principles of freedom of the press and freedom of information, as well as to those of the independence, pluralism and diversity of the media, deeply concerned by the disparities existing between developed and developing countries and the consequences of every kind arising from those disparities that affect the capability of the public, private or other media and individuals in developing countries to disseminate information and communicate their views and their cultural and ethical values through endogenous cultural production, as well as to ensure the diversity of sources and their free access to information, and recognizing the call in this context for what in the United Nations and at various international forums has been termed “a new world information and communication order, seen as an evolving and continuous process”:", "(a) To cooperate and interact with a view to reducing existing disparities in information flows at all levels by increasing assistance for the development of communications infrastructures and capabilities in developing countries, with due regard for their needs and the priorities attached to such areas by those countries, and in order to enable them and the public, private or other media in developing countries to develop their own information and communications policies freely and independently and increase the participation of media and individuals in the communication process, and to ensure a free flow of information at all levels;", "(b) To ensure for journalists the free and effective performance of their professional tasks and condemn resolutely all attacks against them;", "(c) To provide support for the continuation and strengthening of practical training programmes for broadcasters and journalists from public, private and other media in developing countries;", "(d) To enhance regional efforts and cooperation among developing countries, as well as cooperation between developed and developing countries, to strengthen communications capacities and to improve the media infrastructure and communications technology in the developing countries, especially in the areas of training and dissemination of information;", "(e) To aim at, in addition to bilateral cooperation, providing all possible support and assistance to the developing countries and their media, public, private or other, with due regard to their interests and needs in the field of information and to action already adopted within the United Nations system, including:", "(i) The development of the human and technical resources that are indispensable for the improvement of information and communications systems in developing countries and support for the continuation and strengthening of practical training programmes, such as those already operating under both public and private auspices throughout the developing world;", "(ii) The creation of conditions that will enable developing countries and their media, public, private or other, to have, by using their national and regional resources, the communications technology suited to their national needs, as well as the necessary programme material, especially for radio and television broadcasting;", "(iii) Assistance in establishing and promoting telecommunication links at the subregional, regional and interregional levels, especially among developing countries;", "(iv) The facilitation, as appropriate, of access by the developing countries to advanced communications technology available on the open market;", "(f) To provide full support for the International Programme for the Development of Communication of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization,[3] which should support both public and private media.", "81st plenary meeting 9 December 2011", "B", "UNITED NATIONS PUBLIC INFORMATION POLICIES AND ACTIVITIES", "The General Assembly,", "Emphasizing that the Committee on Information is its main subsidiary body mandated to make recommendations to it relating to the work of the Department of Public Information of the Secretariat,", "Reaffirming its resolution 13 (I) of 13 February 1946, in which it established the Department of Public Information, with a view to promoting to the greatest possible extent an informed understanding of the work and purposes of the United Nations among the peoples of the world, and all other relevant resolutions of the General Assembly related to the activities of the Department,", "Emphasizing that the contents of public information and communications should be placed at the heart of the strategic management of the United Nations and that a culture of communications and transparency should permeate all levels of the Organization as a means of fully informing the peoples of the world of the aims and activities of the United Nations, in accordance with the purposes and principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, in order to create broad-based global support for the United Nations,", "Stressing that the primary mission of the Department of Public Information is to provide, through its outreach activities, accurate, impartial, comprehensive, balanced, timely and relevant information to the public on the tasks and responsibilities of the United Nations in order to strengthen international support for the activities of the Organization with the greatest transparency,", "Recalling its resolution 65/107 B of 10 December 2010, which provided an opportunity to take due steps to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the Department and to maximize the use of its resources,", "Expressing its concern that the gap in information and communications technology between the developed and the developing countries has continued to widen and that vast segments of the population in developing countries are not benefiting from the information and communications technologies that are currently available, and, in this regard, underlining the necessity of rectifying the imbalances in the present development of information and communications technologies in order to make it more just, equitable and effective,", "Recognizing that developments in information and communications technologies open vast new opportunities for economic growth and social development and can play an important role in the eradication of poverty in developing countries, and, at the same time, emphasizing that the development of these technologies poses challenges and risks and could lead to the further widening of disparities between and within countries,", "Recalling its resolution 63/306 of 9 September 2009, on multilingualism, and emphasizing the importance of making use, to the fullest extent possible, of the official languages of the United Nations in the activities of the Department of Public Information, with the aim of eliminating the disparity between the use of English and the five other official languages,", "I", "Introduction", "1. Requests the Secretary-General, in respect of the public information policies and activities of the United Nations, to continue to implement fully the recommendations contained in relevant resolutions;", "2. Reaffirms that the United Nations remains the indispensable foundation of a peaceful and just world and that its voice must be heard in a clear and effective manner, and emphasizes the essential role of the Department of Public Information in this context;", "3. Stresses the importance of the provision of clear, timely, accurate and comprehensive information by the Secretariat to Member States, upon their request, within the framework of existing mandates and procedures;", "4. Reaffirms the central role of the Committee on Information in United Nations public information policies and activities, including the prioritization of those activities, and decides that recommendations relating to the programme of the Department of Public Information shall originate, to the extent possible, in the Committee and shall be considered by the Committee;", "5. Requests the Department of Public Information, following the priorities laid down by the General Assembly in its resolution 65/244 of 24 December 2010, and recalling the United Nations Millennium Declaration[4] and the 2005 World Summit Outcome,[5] to pay particular attention to peace and security, development and human rights and to major issues such as the eradication of poverty, including the global food crisis, conflict prevention, sustainable development, the HIV/AIDS epidemic, combating terrorism in all its forms and manifestations, and the needs of the African continent;", "6. Requests the Department of Public Information and its network of United Nations information centres to pay particular attention to progress in implementing the internationally agreed development goals, including those contained in the Millennium Declaration, and the outcomes of the major related United Nations summits and conferences in carrying out its activities, and calls upon the Department to play an active role in raising public awareness of the world financial and economic crisis and its impact on development, including the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals, and of the global challenge of climate change, in particular the actions taken within the framework of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change,[6] especially in the context of the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, particularly in the context of the Conference of the Parties and of the Meetings of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol;[7]", "II", "General activities of the Department of Public Information", "7. Takes note of the reports of the Secretary-General on the activities of the Department of Public Information;[8]", "8. Requests the Department of Public Information to maintain its commitment to a culture of evaluation and to continue to evaluate its products and activities with the objective of enhancing their effectiveness, and to continue to cooperate and coordinate with Member States and the Office of Internal Oversight Services of the Secretariat;", "9. Reaffirms the importance of more effective coordination between the Department of Public Information and the Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General, and requests the Secretary-General to ensure consistency in the messages of the Organization;", "10. Notes the efforts of the Department of Public Information to continue to publicize the work and decisions of the General Assembly, and requests the Department to continue to enhance its working relationship with the Office of the President of the General Assembly;", "11. Encourages continued collaboration between the Department of Public Information and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in the promotion of culture and in the fields of education and communication, bridging the existing gap between the developed and the developing countries;", "12. Notes with appreciation the efforts of the Department of Public Information to work at the local level with other organizations and bodies of the United Nations system to enhance the coordination of their communications activities, and reiterates its request to the Secretary-General to report to the Committee on Information at its thirty-fourth session on progress achieved in this regard and on the activities of the United Nations Communications Group;", "13. Reaffirms that the Department of Public Information must prioritize its work programme, while respecting existing mandates and in line with regulation 5.6 of the Regulations and Rules Governing Programme Planning, the Programme Aspects of the Budget, the Monitoring of Implementation and the Methods of Evaluation,[9] to focus its message and better concentrate its efforts and to match its programmes with the needs of its target audiences, on the basis of improved feedback and evaluation mechanisms;", "14. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to exert all efforts to ensure that publications and other information services of the Secretariat, including the United Nations website and the United Nations News Service, contain comprehensive, balanced, objective and equitable information in all official languages about the issues before the Organization and that they maintain editorial independence, impartiality, accuracy and full consistency with resolutions and decisions of the General Assembly;", "15. Reiterates its request to the Department of Public Information and content-providing offices of the Secretariat to ensure that United Nations publications are produced in all official languages, as well as in an environmentally friendly and cost-neutral manner, and to continue to coordinate closely with all other entities, including all other departments of the Secretariat and funds and programmes of the United Nations system, in order to avoid duplication, within their respective mandates, in the issuance of United Nations publications;", "16. Emphasizes that the Department of Public Information should maintain and improve its activities in the areas of special interest to developing countries and, where appropriate, other countries with special needs, and that the activities of the Department should contribute to bridging the existing gap between the developing and the developed countries in the crucial field of public information and communications;", "17. Reiterates its concern that the issuance of daily press releases has not been expanded to all official languages, through cost-neutral cooperative arrangements with academic and other institutions, as requested in previous resolutions and in full respect of the principle of parity of all six official languages;", "Multilingualism and public information", "18. Emphasizes the importance of ensuring equitable treatment of all the official languages of the United Nations in all the activities of the Department of Public Information, whether based on traditional or new media, including in presentations to the Committee on Information, with the aim of eliminating the disparity between the use of English and the five other official languages;", "19. Reiterates its request to the Secretary-General to ensure that the Department of Public Information has appropriate staffing capacity in all the official languages of the United Nations to undertake all its activities and to include this aspect in future programme budget proposals for the Department, bearing in mind the principle of parity of all six official languages, while respecting the workload in each official language;", "20. Welcomes the ongoing efforts of the Department of Public Information to enhance multilingualism in all its activities, and stresses the importance of ensuring that the texts of all new public United Nations documents in all six official languages, information materials and all older United Nations documents are made available through the United Nations website and are accessible to Member States without delay, and further stresses the importance of fully implementing its resolution 63/306;", "Bridging the digital divide", "21. Requests the Department of Public Information to contribute to raising the awareness of the international community of the importance of the implementation of the outcome documents of the World Summit on the Information Society[10] and of the possibilities that the use of the Internet and other information and communications technologies can bring to societies and economies, as well as of ways to bridge the digital divide, including by commemorating World Information Society Day on 17 May;", "Network of United Nations information centres", "22. Emphasizes the importance of the network of United Nations information centres in enhancing the public image of the United Nations, in disseminating messages on the United Nations to local populations, especially in developing countries, bearing in mind that information in local languages has the strongest impact on local populations, and in mobilizing support for the work of the United Nations at the local level;", "23. Welcomes the work done by the network of United Nations information centres in favour of the publication of United Nations information materials and the translation of important documents into languages other than the official languages of the United Nations, encourages the network of information centres to continue to develop web pages in local languages and the Department of Public Information to provide necessary resources and technical facilities, with a view to reaching the widest possible spectrum of audiences and extending the United Nations message to all the corners of the world, in order to strengthen international support for the activities of the Organization, and encourages the continuation of efforts in this regard;", "24. Stresses the importance of rationalizing the network of United Nations information centres, and, in this regard, requests the Secretary-General to continue to make proposals in this direction, including through the redeployment of resources where necessary, and to report to the Committee on Information at its successive sessions;", "25. Reaffirms that the rationalization of United Nations information centres must be carried out on a case-by-case basis in consultation with all concerned Member States in which existing information centres are located, the countries served by those information centres and other interested countries in the region, taking into consideration the distinctive characteristics of each region;", "26. Recognizes that the network of United Nations information centres, especially in developing countries, should continue to enhance its impact and activities, including through strategic communications support, and calls upon the Secretary-General to report on the implementation of this approach to the Committee on Information at its successive sessions;", "27. Requests the Department of Public Information, through the United Nations information centres, to strengthen its cooperation with all other United Nations entities at the country level and in the context of the United Nations Development Assistance Framework, in order to enhance coherence in communications and to avoid duplication of work;", "28. Stresses the importance of taking into account the special needs and requirements of developing countries in the field of information and communications technology for the effective flow of information in those countries;", "29. Also stresses the importance of efforts to strengthen the outreach activities of the United Nations to those Member States remaining outside the network of United Nations information centres, and encourages the Secretary-General, within the context of rationalization, to extend the services of the network of information centres to those Member States;", "30. Further stresses that the Department of Public Information should continue to review the allocation of both staff and financial resources to the United Nations information centres in developing countries, taking into account the specific needs of the least developed countries;", "31. Welcomes the support by some Member States, including developing countries, in offering, inter alia, rent-free premises for the United Nations information centres because of lack of funding, bearing in mind that such support should not be a substitute for the full allocation of financial resources for the information centres in the context of the programme budget of the United Nations;", "32. Notes the strengthening of the United Nations information centres in Cairo, Mexico City and Pretoria, and encourages the Secretary-General to explore the strengthening of other centres, especially in Africa, in cooperation with the Member States concerned and in a cost-neutral manner;", "33. Welcomes General Assembly resolution 64/243 of 24 December 2009, in which the Assembly requested the Secretary-General to establish a United Nations information centre in Luanda as a contribution towards addressing the needs of Portuguese-speaking African countries, reiterates its request to the Secretary-General, in coordination with the Government of Angola, to take the measures necessary for the prompt establishment of the information centre, and requests the Secretary-General to report to the Committee on Information at its thirty-fourth session on the progress made in this regard;", "34. Encourages the Secretary-General, when appointing directors to the United Nations information centres, to fully consider, inter alia, the experience of candidates in the field of information and communications technology as one of the highly desirable appointment criteria;", "III", "Strategic communications services", "35. Reaffirms the role of the strategic communications services in devising and disseminating United Nations messages by developing communications strategies, in close collaboration with the substantive departments, United Nations funds and programmes and the specialized agencies, in full compliance with their legislative mandates;", "Promotional campaigns", "36. Appreciates the work of the Department of Public Information in promoting, through its campaigns, issues of importance to the international community, such as the United Nations Millennium Declaration and the progress made in implementing the internationally agreed development goals, United Nations reform, the eradication of poverty, conflict prevention, peacekeeping, peacebuilding, sustainable development, disarmament, decolonization, human rights, including the rights of women and children, persons with disabilities and migrant workers, strategic coordination in humanitarian relief, especially in natural disasters and other crises, HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, non-communicable diseases and other diseases, the needs of the African continent, the nature of the critical economic and social situation in Africa and the priorities of the New Partnership for Africa’s Development,[11] the special needs of the least developed countries, the establishment of the permanent memorial to the victims of slavery and the transatlantic slave trade, combating terrorism in all its forms and manifestations, dialogue among civilizations, the culture of peace and tolerance and the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster, as well as prevention of genocide, and requests the Department, in cooperation with the countries concerned and with the relevant organizations and bodies of the United Nations system, to continue to take appropriate measures to enhance world public awareness of all these issues;", "37. Requests the Department of Public Information to contribute to the observance of International Mother Language Day on 21 February, as proclaimed by the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization; the International Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Slavery and the Transatlantic Slave Trade on 25 March, in accordance with General Assembly resolution 62/122 of 17 December 2007; and Nelson Mandela International Day on 18 July, in accordance with Assembly resolution 64/13 of 10 November 2009, and to play a role in raising awareness and promoting these events in a cost-neutral manner, where appropriate;", "38. Commends the role of the Secretariat, especially the Department of Public Information, in holding the first official ceremony commemorating the International Day of Nowruz, on 21 March 2011, organized jointly by all the sponsors of General Assembly resolution 64/253 of 23 February 2010;", "39. Requests the Department of Public Information and its network of United Nations information centres to take appropriate measures to raise awareness of and disseminate information on the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development to be held in 2012, and relevant sustainable development issues;", "40. Also requests the Department of Public Information and its network of United Nations information centres to raise awareness of and disseminate information, in a cost-neutral manner, on the Third International Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism, declared by the General Assembly in its resolution 65/119 of 10 December 2010;", "Role of the Department of Public Information in United Nations peacekeeping operations", "41. Requests the Secretariat to continue to ensure the involvement of the Department of Public Information from the planning stage of future peacekeeping operations through interdepartmental consultations and coordination with other departments of the Secretariat, in particular with the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and the Department of Field Support;", "42. Requests the Department of Public Information, the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and the Department of Field Support to continue their cooperation in raising awareness of the new realities, far-reaching successes and challenges faced by peacekeeping operations, especially multidimensional and complex ones, and the recent surge in United Nations peacekeeping activities, and welcomes efforts by the three Departments to develop and implement a comprehensive communications strategy on current challenges facing United Nations peacekeeping;", "43. Stresses the importance of enhancing the public information capacity of the Department of Public Information in the field of peacekeeping operations and its role, in close cooperation with the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and the Department of Field Support, in the process of selecting public information staff for United Nations peacekeeping operations or missions and, in this regard, invites the Department of Public Information to second public information staff who have the skills necessary to fulfil the tasks of the operations or missions, taking into account the principle of equitable geographical distribution in accordance with Chapter XV, Article 101, paragraph 3, of the Charter of the United Nations, and to consider views expressed, especially by host countries, when appropriate, in this regard;", "44. Emphasizes the importance of the peacekeeping gateway on the United Nations website, and requests the Department of Public Information to continue its efforts in supporting the peacekeeping missions to further develop their websites;", "45. Requests the Department of Public Information and the Department of Peacekeeping Operations to continue to cooperate in implementing an effective outreach programme to explain the zero-tolerance policy of the Organization regarding sexual exploitation and abuse and to inform the public of the outcome of all such cases involving peacekeeping personnel, including cases where allegations are ultimately found to be legally unproven, and also to inform the public of the adoption by the General Assembly of the United Nations Comprehensive Strategy on Assistance and Support to Victims of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse by United Nations Staff and Related Personnel;[12]", "Role of the Department of Public Information in strengthening dialogue among civilizations and the culture of peace as means of enhancing understanding among nations", "46. Recalls its resolutions on dialogue among civilizations and the culture of peace,[13] and requests the Department of Public Information, while ensuring the pertinence and relevance of subjects for promotional campaigns under this issue, to continue to provide the support necessary for the dissemination of information pertaining to dialogue among civilizations and the culture of peace, as well as the initiative on the Alliance of Civilizations, and to take due steps in fostering the culture of dialogue among civilizations and promoting cultural understanding, tolerance, respect for and freedom of religion or belief and effective enjoyment by all of all human rights and civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, including the right to development;", "47. Invites the United Nations system, especially the Department of Public Information, to continue to encourage and facilitate dialogue among civilizations and to formulate ways and means to promote dialogue among civilizations in the activities of the United Nations in various fields, taking into account the Programme of Action of the Global Agenda for Dialogue among Civilizations,[14] and, in this regard, looks forward to the report of the Secretary-General requested by the General Assembly in its resolution 60/4 of 20 October 2005, and also welcomes the decision of the President of the General Assembly at its sixty-fourth session to hold an informal thematic debate on this issue in 2010;", "48. Recognizes the achievements of the Alliance of Civilizations and the efforts made by the High Representative of the Secretary-General for the Alliance of Civilizations, which it had welcomed in its resolution 64/14 of 10 November 2009, takes note of the broad range of initiatives and partnerships in the areas of youth, education, the media and migration to be launched at the fourth Alliance of Civilizations Forum, to be held in Doha from 11 to 13 December 2011, and welcomes the continuing support of the Department of Public Information for the work of the Alliance of Civilizations, including its ongoing projects;", "IV", "News services", "49. Stresses that the central objective of the news services implemented by the Department of Public Information is the timely delivery of accurate, objective and balanced news and information emanating from the United Nations system in all four mass media, namely, print, radio, television and the Internet, to the media and other audiences worldwide, with the overall emphasis on multilingualism, and reiterates its request to the Department to ensure that all news-breaking stories and news alerts are accurate, impartial and free of bias;", "50. Emphasizes the importance of the Department of Public Information continuing to draw the attention of world media to stories that do not obtain prominent coverage, through the initiative entitled “10 Stories the World Should Hear More About” and through video and audio coverage by United Nations Television and United Nations Radio;", "Traditional means of communication", "51. Welcomes the continuing initiative of United Nations Radio, which remains one of the most effective and far-reaching traditional media available to the Department of Public Information and an important instrument in United Nations activities, to enhance its live radio broadcasting service by making more frequently updated reports in all six official languages and features available to broadcasters on a daily basis on all United Nations activities, and requests the Secretary-General to continue to make every effort to achieve parity in the six official languages in United Nations Radio productions;", "52. Also welcomes the ongoing efforts being made by the Department of Public Information to disseminate programmes directly to broadcasting stations all over the world in the six official languages, with the addition of Portuguese and Kiswahili, as well as in other languages where possible;", "53. Requests the Department of Public Information to continue building partnerships with local, national and regional broadcasters to extend the United Nations message to all the corners of the world in an accurate and impartial way, and requests the Radio and Television Service of the Department to continue to take full advantage of the technological infrastructure made available in recent years;", "United Nations website", "54. Reaffirms that the United Nations website is an essential tool for the media, non-governmental organizations, educational institutions, Member States and the general public and, in this regard, reiterates the continued need for strengthened efforts by the Department of Public Information to maintain and improve it;", "55. Recognizes the efforts made by the Department of Public Information to implement the basic accessibility requirements for persons with disabilities to access the United Nations website, and calls upon the Department to continue to work towards compliance with accessibility requirements on all new and updated pages of the website, with the aim of ensuring its accessibility for persons with different kinds of disabilities;", "56. Notes that the multilingual development and enrichment of the United Nations website has improved,[15] and, in this regard, requests the Department of Public Information, in coordination with content-providing offices of the Secretariat, to further improve the actions taken to achieve full parity among the six official languages on the United Nations website, and especially reiterates its request to the Secretary-General to ensure the adequate distribution of financial and human resources within the Department allocated to the United Nations website among all official languages, taking into consideration the specificity of each official language;", "57. Recognizes the cooperative arrangements undertaken by the Department of Public Information with academic institutions to increase the number of web pages available in some official languages, and reiterates its urgent request to the Secretary-General to extend those arrangements to all the official languages of the United Nations;", "58. Reiterates its request that all content-providing offices of the Secretariat translate all English-language materials and databases posted on the United Nations website into all other official languages and make them available on the respective language websites in the most practical, efficient and cost-effective manner;", "59. Reaffirms the need to enhance the technological infrastructure of the Department of Public Information on a continuous basis in order to widen the outreach of the Department and to continue to improve the United Nations website in a cost-neutral manner;", "60. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to take full advantage of new developments in information technology in order to improve the expeditious dissemination of information on the United Nations in a cost-neutral manner, in accordance with the priorities established by the General Assembly in its resolutions and taking into account the linguistic diversity of the Organization, recognizes the e‑mail news alerts service, and encourages the Department to consult with the Office of Information and Communications Technology in order to explore, as a matter of priority, the provision of the service in all official languages;", "61. Recognizes that some official languages use non-Latin and bidirectional scripts and that technological infrastructures and supportive applications in the United Nations are based on Latin script, which leads to difficulties in processing non-Latin and bidirectional scripts, and urges the Office of Information and Communications Technology to further collaborate with the Department of Public Information and to continue its efforts to ensure that technological infrastructures and supportive applications in the United Nations fully support Latin, non-Latin and bidirectional scripts in order to enhance the equality of all official languages on the United Nations website;", "62. Calls upon the Department of Public Information, recognizing the importance of audio-visual archives and the actions taken by the Dag Hammarskjöld Library to preserve the published record of the Organization as a common heritage, welcoming the completion of an inventory of sixty-five years of United Nations audio-visual history, stressing the urgency of digitization in order to prevent further deterioration of the unique historical archives, and taking note of efforts made by the Department thus far to develop a digitization strategy in consultation with other Departments, including the Office of Information and Communications Technology, to explore avenues of support for digitization, including working with interested partners, to ensure that such archives are preserved and are accessible;", "V", "Library services", "63. Also calls upon the Department of Public Information to continue to lead the Steering Committee for the Modernization and Integrated Management of United Nations Libraries, and further commends the steps taken by the Dag Hammarskjöld Library and the other member libraries of the Steering Committee to align their activities, services and outputs more closely with the goals, objectives and operational priorities of the Organization;", "64. Reiterates the need to maintain a multilingual collection of books, periodicals and other materials in hard copy, accessible to Member States, ensuring that the Library continues to be a broadly accessible resource for information about the United Nations and its activities;", "65. Calls upon the Department of Public Information, recognizing the importance of audio-visual archives in preserving our common heritage, to continue to examine its policies and activities regarding the durable preservation of its radio, television, film and photographic archives and the action taken in ensuring that the archives are preserved and are accessible, including in the context of the construction work of the capital master plan within the overall budget of the plan;", "66. Notes the initiative taken by the Dag Hammarskjöld Library, in its capacity as the focal point, to expand the scope of the regional training and knowledge-sharing workshops organized for the depository libraries in developing countries to include outreach in their activities;", "67. Acknowledges the role of the Dag Hammarskjöld Library in enhancing knowledge-sharing and networking activities to ensure access to the vast store of United Nations knowledge for delegates, permanent missions of Member States, the Secretariat, researchers and depository libraries worldwide;", "VI", "Outreach services", "68. Also acknowledges that the outreach services provided by the Department of Public Information continue to work towards promoting awareness of the role and work of the United Nations;", "69. Welcomes the educational outreach activities of the Department of Public Information, through the United Nations Works programme and the Global Teaching and Learning Project, to reach educators and young people worldwide via a range of multimedia platforms, and encourages the United Nations Works programme to continue to develop further its partnerships with global media networks and celebrity advocates and the Global Teaching and Learning Project to further expand its activities to teachers and students in primary, intermediate and secondary schools;", "70. Notes the launch of the United Nations Academic Impact, an initiative that aims to facilitate exchanges between the United Nations and institutions of higher education and to support the common principles and goals of the Organization;", "71. Also notes the importance of the continued implementation by the Department of Public Information of the ongoing programme for broadcasters and journalists from developing countries and countries with economies in transition, as mandated by the General Assembly, and requests the Department to consider how best to maximize the benefits derived from the programme by extending, inter alia, its duration and the number of its participants;", "72. Welcomes the movement towards educational outreach and the orientation of the UN Chronicle, both print and online editions, and, to this end, encourages the UN Chronicle to continue to develop co-publishing partnerships, collaborative educational activities and events with civil society organizations and institutions of higher learning;", "73. Requests the Department of Public Information to continue the publication of the UN Chronicle with a view to improving it further in a cost-neutral manner and to report to the Committee on Information at its thirty-fourth session on progress in this matter, and reiterates its request to submit options for publishing the UN Chronicle in all six official languages;", "74. Notes the efforts undertaken by the Department of Public Information in organizing exhibitions on important United Nations-related issues, within existing mandates, at United Nations Headquarters and at other United Nations offices as a useful tool for reaching out to the general public, reaffirms the important role that guided tours play as a means of reaching out to the general public, and requests the Secretary-General to continue his efforts to ensure that the guided tours provided at United Nations Headquarters and other United Nations duty stations are consistently available, in accordance with their income-generating nature, in particular in all the United Nations official languages;", "75. Also notes the ongoing efforts of the Department of Public Information to strengthen its role as a focal point for two-way interaction with civil society relating to the priorities and concerns of the Organization identified by Member States;", "76. Commends, in a spirit of cooperation, the United Nations Correspondents Association for its ongoing activities and for its Dag Hammarskjöld Memorial Scholarship Fund, which sponsors journalists from developing countries to come to United Nations Headquarters and report on the activities during the General Assembly, and further encourages the international community to continue its financial support for the Fund;", "77. Expresses its appreciation for the efforts and contribution of United Nations Messengers of Peace, Goodwill Ambassadors and other advocates to promote the work of the United Nations and to enhance international public awareness of its priorities and concerns, and calls upon the Department of Public Information to continue to involve them in its communications and media strategies and outreach activities;", "VII", "Final remarks", "78. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the Committee on Information at its thirty-fourth session and to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the activities of the Department of Public Information and on the implementation of all recommendations and requests contained in the present resolution;", "79. Also requests the Secretary-General to make every effort to ensure that the level of services provided by the Department of Public Information is maintained throughout the period of the implementation of the capital master plan;", "80. Notes the initiative taken by the Department of Public Information, in cooperation with the Department of Safety and Security and the Protocol and Liaison Service, during the general debate of the sixty-third session of the General Assembly, to issue special identification stickers to press officers of Member States to enable them to escort media covering the visits of high-level officials to restricted areas, and strongly urges the Secretary-General to continue to improve this practice by acceding to the request by Member States to provide the needed number of additional passes to press officers of Member States to allow their access to all areas that are deemed restricted, in order to effectively and comprehensively report on high-level meetings that include officials of delegations of Member States;", "81. Requests the Committee on Information to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "82. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the item entitled “Questions relating to information”.", "81st plenary meeting 9 December 2011", "[1]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 21 (A/66/21).", "[2]  A/66/261.", "[3]  See United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Records of the General Conference, Twenty-first Session, Belgrade, 23 September–28 October 1980, vol. l, Resolutions, sect. III.4, resolution 4/21.", "[4]  See resolution 55/2.", "[5]  See resolution 60/1.", "[6]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1771, No. 30822.", "[7]  Ibid., vol. 2303, No. 30822.", "[8]  A/AC.198/2011/2-4.", "[9]  ST/SGB/2000/8.", "[10]  See A/C.2/59/3, annex; and A/60/687.", "[11]  A/57/304, annex.", "[12]  Resolution 62/214, annex.", "[13]  Resolutions 52/15, 53/22, 53/25, 55/23, 56/6, 59/142 and 60/4.", "[14]  Resolution 56/6, sect. B.", "[15]  See A/AC.198/2007/3." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/64/429)]", "Questions relating to information", "Information for all", "The General Assembly,", "Taking note of the comprehensive and important report of the Committee on Information, including alternative reports", "Taking note also of the report of the Secretary-General on information, [2]", "Reaffirming the principles of the Charter of the United Nations, the principles of freedom of publication and press and the principles of independence, pluralism and diversity of the media, and expressing deep concern at the disparities between developed and developing countries, which have consequences affecting the dissemination of information, the dissemination of their views and cultural and ethical values, and the ability of all relevant organizations of the United Nations system to ensure the diversification and free access of information, and recognizing that the establishment of a “continustrative world information and order” in the United Nations and in various international forums, is called “a continuous process of communication in developing countries”,", "(a) Cooperate and interact with a view to narrowing existing gaps in the flow of information at all levels, increasing assistance for the development of communications infrastructure and capacities in developing countries, taking into account the needs of those countries and their priorities in the above-mentioned areas, in order to enable developing countries and their public, private or other media to freely develop their information and communications policies freely and independently, to involve the media and individuals in the communications process and to ensure free circulation of information at all levels;", "(b) To ensure that journalists are free and effectively performing their professional duties, and firmly condemn all attacks on journalists;", "(c) Support to continue and strengthen internship training programmes for broadcasters and journalists from public, private and other media in developing countries;", "(d) Enhance regional efforts and cooperation among developing countries and cooperation between developed and developing countries in order to enhance communication capacity in developing countries and to improve infrastructure and communications technology in the media, in particular in training and information dissemination;", "(e) Provide all possible support and assistance, including:", "(i) Develop human and technical resources indispensable for improving information and communications systems in developing countries and support the continuation and strengthening of interns training programmes, such as intern training programmes, which have been hosted by the public and private sectors throughout the developing world;", "(ii) Create conditions to enable developing countries and their public, private or other media to obtain the communications technology tailored to their needs through the use of national and regional resources, as well as the necessary programming materials, especially for radio and television broadcasting;", "(iii) To assist in the establishment and promotion of telecommunications connectivity at the subregional, regional and interregional levels, in particular among developing countries;", "(iv) To facilitate, where appropriate, advanced communication technologies provided by developing countries for access to open markets;", "(f) To fully support the International Communication Development Programme of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, which [3] will support public and private media.", "9 December 2011", "81st plenary meeting", "Public information policies and activities of the United Nations", "The General Assembly,", "Emphasizing that the Committee on Information is the main subsidiary body of the General Assembly entrusted with making recommendations to the General Assembly on the work of the Department of Public Information of the Secretariat,", "Reaffirming its resolution 13 (I) of 13 February 1946, in which the General Assembly decided to establish the Department of Public Information, with the aim of making the world's people fully aware of the work and purposes of the United Nations and reaffirmed all other relevant resolutions of the General Assembly relating to the activities of the Department of Public Information,", "Emphasizing that public information and dissemination should be central to the strategic management of the United Nations and that a culture of communication and transparency should infiltrate the various dimensions of the United Nations in order to promote the full understanding of the goals and activities established by the United Nations in accordance with the purposes and principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations and to enable the United Nations to receive wide support globally,", "Stressing that the primary task of the Department of Public Information, through its outreach activities, is to provide accurate, impartial, comprehensive, balanced, timely and relevant information to the public on the mandates and responsibilities of the United Nations in order to enhance international support for United Nations activities in a most transparent manner,", "Recalling General Assembly resolution 65/107 B of 10 December 2010, which provides an opportunity to take appropriate measures to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the Department and to maximize its resources,", "Expressing concern at the continuing expansion of the information and communications technology gap between developed and developing countries and that the vast majority of the population in developing countries have not benefited from the current information and communications technology, and in this regard stressing the need to reverse the current imbalance in information and communications technology development so that it is fair, fair and effective,", "Recognizing that the development of information and communications technologies presents a number of new opportunities for economic growth and social development, which can play an important role in eradicating poverty in developing countries, and stressing that the development of these technologies also presents challenges and risks, which may lead to further widening gaps among and within countries,", "Recalling its resolution 63/306 of 9 September 2009 on multilingualism, stressing the importance of using, to the extent possible, all the official languages of the United Nations in the activities of the Department of Public Information in order to eliminate disparity in the use of English in other five official languages,", "Introduction", "Requests the Secretary-General to continue to fully implement the recommendations contained in the relevant resolutions in the areas of public information policies and activities of the United Nations;", "Reaffirms that the United Nations remains the indispensable foundation for a world of peace and justice, and that it must be made clear and clear to the voices and stresses the important role of the Department in this regard;", "Stresses the importance of providing clear, timely, accurate and comprehensive information to Member States upon request by the Secretariat and in accordance with existing mandates and procedures;", "Reaffirms the central role of the Committee on Information in the public information policies and activities of the United Nations, including the prioritization of such activities, and decides that recommendations relating to the programme of work of the Department should be made as far as possible within the Committee on Information and be considered by the Committee on Information;", "Requests the Department of Public Information to follow the priorities established by the General Assembly in its resolution 844 of 24 December 2010, and recalls the United Nations Millennium Declaration [4] and the 2005 World Summit Outcome, [5] to pay special attention to peace and security, development and human rights and to the eradication of poverty, including the global food crisis; conflict prevention; sustainable development; the spread of HIV/AIDS; combating terrorism in all its forms and manifestations and the needs of the continent;", "Requests the Department of Public Information and the network of United Nations information centres to pay particular attention to the progress made towards the achievement of the internationally agreed development goals, including those contained in the Millennium Declaration and the outcomes of the relevant United Nations summits and major conferences; calls upon the Department to play an active role in raising public awareness of the world financial and economic crisis and its impact on development, including the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals; and recognizes the global challenge of climate change, in particular actions taken in the context of the principles of common but differentiated responsibilities, in particular in the context of the sessions of the Conference of the Parties and the Conference of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol;", "General activities of the Department of Public Information", "Takes note of the reports of the Secretary-General on the activities of the Department of Public Information; [8]", "Requests the Department of Public Information to continue to work towards a culture of evaluation and to continue to evaluate its products and activities to enhance their effectiveness and to continue to cooperate and coordinate with Member States and the Office of Internal Oversight Services of the Secretariat;", "Reaffirms the need for more effective coordination between the Department of Public Information and the Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General, and requests the Secretary-General to ensure coherence in the information sent by the United Nations;", "Notes the efforts of the Department of Public Information to continue to disseminate the work and decisions of the General Assembly and requests the Department to continue to strengthen its working relationship with the Office of the President of the General Assembly;", "Encourages the Department of Public Information to continue its collaboration with the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in the promotion of culture and in the area of education and communications, to narrow the gap between developed and developing countries;", "Notes with appreciation the efforts made by the Department of Public Information and other organizations and bodies of the United Nations system at the local level to enhance coordination of their activities, and reiterates its request to the Secretary-General to report to the Committee on Information at its thirty-fourth session on progress made in this regard and on the activities of the United Nations Communications Group;", "Reaffirms the importance of the Department of Public Information in prioritizing its work programmes, highlighting its focus on information, building on improved feedback and evaluation mechanisms, on the basis of the needs of target audiences, in compliance with existing mandates and in accordance with Article [9] of the Regulations and Rules Governing Programme Planning, the Programme Aspects of the Budget, the Monitoring of Implementation and the Methods of Evaluation;", "Requests the Secretary-General to continue to make every effort to ensure that publications and other information services of the Secretariat, including the United Nations website and the United Nations News Service, provide comprehensive, balanced, objective and equitable information on the various issues considered by the United Nations in all official languages, and to ensure that information is maintained in editorial independence, impartiality and accuracy and in full conformity with General Assembly resolutions and decisions;", "Reiterates its request to the Department of Public Information and the Secretariat to provide material departments to ensure that United Nations publications are produced in all official languages in a cost-neutral and environmentally sound manner, and to continue to avoid the issuance of United Nations publications in close coordination with all other entities, including all other departments of the Secretariat and the funds and programmes of the United Nations system, within their respective mandates;", "Emphasizes that the Department of Public Information should maintain and improve its activities in developing countries and, where appropriate, in other areas with special needs, should contribute to narrowing the current gap between developing and developed countries in this critical area of public information and communications;", "Reiterates its concern that the daily press release has not been issued in all official languages, in accordance with previous resolutions, in full compliance with the principle of equality in all six official languages, through cooperation arrangements with academia and other bodies that do not increase the cost;", "Multilingualism and public information", "Emphasizes the need to ensure that all activities of the Department of Public Information, whether based on traditional or new media, including the fair treatment of all official languages of the United Nations in the documents submitted to the Committee on Information, in order to eliminate the disparity in use in English with the five other official languages;", "Reiterates its request to the Secretary-General to ensure that the Department of Public Information has adequate staff in all official languages of the United Nations in order to carry out all activities of the Department of Public Information and to include in the future proposed programme budget of the Department, bearing in mind the principle of equality in all six official languages and taking into account the workload of the official languages;", "Welcomes the tireless efforts of the Department of Public Information to strengthen multilingualism in all activities, stresses the importance of ensuring that all new United Nations public documents in all six official languages are made available through the United Nations website and that information on the United Nations and all previous United Nations documents are made available to Member States, and further stresses the importance of the full implementation of General Assembly resolution 63/306;", "Reducing the digital divide", "Requests the Department of Public Information to contribute to raising awareness among the international community in order to make the international community aware of the importance of the implementation of the outcomes of the World Summit on the Information Society, [10] of the opportunities that the use of the Internet and its information and communications technology can bring to the society and the society, and to recognize ways to narrow the digital divide, including through the commemoration of the World Information Society Day of 17 May;", "Network of United Nations information centres", "Emphasizes the importance of the network of United Nations information centres in upgrading the public image of the United Nations; disseminating information on the United Nations to local populations, in particular to developing countries, bearing in mind that the dissemination of information in local languages affects the local population; and mobilizing support for the work of the United Nations on the ground;", "Welcomes the efforts made by the network of United Nations information centres to promote the publication of United Nations information materials and the translation of important documents in languages other than the official languages of the United Nations, encourages the network of information centres to continue to develop local language pages, and encourages the Department of Public Information to provide the necessary resources and technical facilities to disseminate information to the widest possible segments of the population, thereby enhancing international support for United Nations activities, and encourages continued efforts in this regard;", "Stresses the importance of rationalizing the network of United Nations information centres, and in this regard requests the Secretary-General to continue to make recommendations in this regard, including, where necessary, the redeployment of resources and to report to the Committee on Information at its subsequent sessions;", "Reaffirms that the rationalization of the United Nations information centres must be carried out in consultation with all relevant Member States, the countries serviced by the information centres and other interested countries in the region, taking into account the uniqueness of each region, in accordance with the specific circumstances;", "Recognizes that the network of United Nations information centres, in particular those located in developing countries, should continue to strengthen their impact and activities, including through the provision of strategic advocacy support, and calls upon the Secretary-General to submit a report on the implementation of such practices to the Committee on Information at its subsequent sessions;", "Requests the Department of Public Information, through United Nations information centres, to strengthen its cooperation with all other United Nations entities at the country level and within the framework of the United Nations Development Assistance Framework in order to increase coherence in advocacy efforts and avoid duplication of effort;", "Stresses the importance of taking into account the special needs and requirements of developing countries in the field of information and communications technology for the effective flow of information within their countries;", "Also emphasizes the importance of efforts to strengthen the outreach activities of the United Nations to those Member States that are not included in the network of United Nations information centres, and encourages the Secretary-General to expand the services of the network of information centres to those Member States when rationalizing its work;", "Also emphasizes that the Department of Public Information should continue to review the allocation of human and financial resources to United Nations information centres in developing countries, taking into account the specific needs of the least developed countries;", "Welcomes the initiative of a number of Member States, including developing countries, to provide free premises for the United Nations information centres that are lacking, bearing in mind that such support should not be replaced with sufficient financial resources for the information centres in the programme budget of the United Nations;", "Notes the strengthening of the United Nations information centres in Cairo, Mexico City and Pretoria, encourages the Secretary-General to cooperate with Member States concerned and to explore ways to strengthen other information centres, in particular those located in Africa, without additional costs;", "Welcomes General Assembly resolution 64243 of 24 December 2009, in which the Assembly requested the Secretary-General to establish a United Nations information centre in Luanda to meet the special needs of Portuguese-speaking African countries; reiterates its request to the Secretary-General, in coordination with the Government of Angola, to take the necessary measures to facilitate the rapid establishment of the information centre; and requests the Secretary-General to report to the Committee on Information at its thirty-fourth session on progress made in this regard;", "Encourages the Secretary-General, in the appointment of the Director of the United Nations Information Centre, to take fully into account, inter alia, the experience of candidates in information and communications technology as one of the important criteria for access;", "Strategic communications services", "Reaffirms the role of the strategic communications services in the formulation and dissemination of United Nations information, which is to develop communications strategies in close cooperation with them, in full compliance with the substantive departments, the United Nations funds and programmes and the legislative mandates of the specialized agencies;", "Outreach activities", "Expresses its appreciation to the Department of Public Information, through its advocacy activities, for its improved understanding of the important issues of the international community, such as the United Nations Millennium Declaration and the progress made in the implementation of the internationally agreed development goals, the United Nations reform, poverty eradication, conflict prevention, peacekeeping, peacebuilding, sustainable development, disarmament, decolonization, human rights, including women, children, persons with disabilities and migrant workers' rights, the strategic coordination of humanitarian relief, in particular natural disasters and other crises, the HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, non-communicable diseases and other diseases, the needs of the African continent, the nature of Africa and the priorities of the New Partnership for Africa's Development, and invites the least developed countries to continue to take appropriate measures to combat all forms and manifestations of human rights, including genocide, the world, and the world, and the scourges.", "Requests the Department of Public Information to assist in the observance of the International Day of Mother tongue, proclaimed by the General Assembly of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization on 21 February; the International Day of Cessation of Victims of Slavery and the Transatlantic Slave Trade, established by the General Assembly in its resolution 62/122 of 17 December 2007; the 18 July 2009 International Day of Nelson Mandela, established by the General Assembly in its resolution 64/13 of 10 November 2009; and requests the Department to play a role in raising awareness and disseminating those activities, as appropriate, in a manner that does not costly;", "Commends the Secretariat, in particular the Department of Public Information, for its role as the first official commemoration of “International Noruz”, on 21 March 2011, organized jointly by all sponsors of General Assembly resolution 64253 of 23 February 2010;", "Requests the Department of Public Information and the network of United Nations information centres to take appropriate measures to raise awareness on the issue of sustainable development in 2012.", "Also requests the Department of Public Information and the network of United Nations information centres to raise awareness of the Third International Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism, proclaimed by the General Assembly in its resolution 63/219 of 10 December 2010, and to disseminate relevant information;", "Role of the Department of Public Information in United Nations peacekeeping operations", "Requests the Secretariat to continue to ensure the involvement of the Department of Public Information in future peacekeeping operations through interdepartmental consultations and coordination with other departments of the Secretariat, in particular with the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and the Department of Field Support;", "Requests the Department of Public Information, the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and the Department of Field Support to continue to cooperate to raise awareness of the new realities and far-reaching successes and challenges faced by peacekeeping operations, in particular complex multidimensional peacekeeping operations, as well as the recent surge in United Nations peacekeeping activities, and welcomes the efforts of the three ministries to develop and implement a comprehensive communications strategy on the current challenges facing United Nations peacekeeping;", "Stresses the importance of strengthening the public information capacity of the Department of Public Information in the field of peacekeeping operations and, in close cooperation with the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and the Department of Field Support, to strengthen the role of the Department of Public Information in the selection process for United Nations peacekeeping operations or mission press personnel, and in this regard requests the Department of Public Information to second information staff with skills required to implement peacekeeping operations or peacekeeping missions, taking into account the principle of equitable geographical distribution as set out in chapter 101, paragraph 3, of the Charter of the United Nations, taking into account, where appropriate, the views expressed by the host country in this regard;", "Emphasizes the importance of establishing a peacekeeping network on the United Nations website, and requests the Department of Public Information to continue its efforts to support peacekeeping missions in their further development of their websites;", "Requests the Department of Public Information and the Department of Peacekeeping Operations to continue to cooperate in the implementation of effective outreach programmes to explain the Organization's zero-tolerance policy on sexual exploitation and abuse, to inform the public of the results of all such cases involving peacekeeping personnel, including cases where allegations are ultimately not legally confirmed, and to inform the public General Assembly of the adoption of the United Nations comprehensive strategy on assistance and support for victims of sexual exploitation and abuse by United Nations staff and associated personnel; [12]", "The role of the Department of Public Information in strengthening dialogue among civilizations and strengthening a culture of peace in order to enhance understanding among States", "Recalls its resolutions on dialogue and the culture of peace among civilizations, [13] requests the Department of Public Information, while carrying out public information campaigns on this issue, to ensure that all themes are targeted and relevant, to continue to provide the necessary support for the dissemination of information relevant to the inter-civil society dialogue and the culture of peace and the Alliance of Civilizations, to take appropriate steps to promote a culture of dialogue among civilizations and to promote cultural understanding, tolerance, respect for religious and belief, the effective enjoyment of all human rights and civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, including the right to development;", "Invites the United Nations system, in particular the Department of Public Information, to continue to encourage and promote dialogue among civilizations and to seek to promote dialogue among civilizations in the activities of the United Nations in various areas, taking into account the Programme of Action for the Global Agenda for Dialogue among Civilizations, and, in this regard, looks forward to the report of the Secretary-General, as requested by the General Assembly in its resolution 60/4 of 20 October 2005, and also welcomes the decision of the President of the sixty-fourth session of the General Assembly to convene an informal thematic debate on this issue in 2010;", "Recognizes the achievements of the Alliance of Civilizations and the efforts of the High Representative of the Secretary-General for the Alliance of Civilizations, and welcomes General Assembly resolution 64/1 of 10 November 2009, and notes that the fourth Forum of Alliance of Civilizations, to be held in Doha from 11 to 13 December 2011, will launch a wide range of initiatives and cooperation in the areas of youth, education, the media and migration, and welcomes the continued support of the Department of Public Information in the work of the Alliance of Civilizations, including its ongoing projects;", "Public information services", "Stresses that the central objective of the Department of Public Information is to use all four mass media in newspapers, radio broadcasts, television and the Internet, to send accurate, objective and balanced news and information from the United Nations system in a timely manner to the media and other audiences throughout the world, to consistently emphasize multilingualism, and reiterates its request to the Department of Public Information to ensure that all instant news coverage and news forecasts are accurate and impartial;", "Emphasizes the need for the Department of Public Information to continue to draw the attention of the world media to the news stories that have not been reported, through the activities known as the World's Greater Information, and through the video coverage of United Nations Television and United Nations Radio;", "Traditional means of communication", "Welcomes the fact that United Nations Radio, as one of the most effective and influential traditional media available to the Department of Public Information and the promotion of United Nations activities, continues to take proactive measures to strengthen live broadcast services, provide daily coverage and thematic programmes to broadcast stations on all the more frequent six official languages of United Nations activities, and requests the Secretary-General to continue to make every effort to achieve parity in the six official languages in the production of United Nations radio programmes;", "Also welcomes the efforts being made by the Department of Public Information to send programmes directly to all radio stations worldwide in the six official languages, in Portuguese and Swahili and in other languages where possible;", "Requests the Department of Public Information to continue to build partnerships with local, national and regional broadcasters to disseminate United Nations information in every corner of the world in an accurate and impartial manner, and requests the Radio and Television Service of the Department of Public Information to continue to make full use of the technical infrastructure that has emerged in recent years;", "United Nations website", "Reaffirms that the United Nations website is an important tool for the media, non-governmental organizations, educational institutions, Member States and the public, and in this regard reiterates the need for the Department to intensify its efforts to maintain and improve the website;", "Acknowledges the efforts of the Department of Public Information to implement the basic requirements for the accessibility of the United Nations website for persons with disabilities, and calls upon the Department of Public Information to continue its efforts to bring all new web pages and updated web pages into line with accessibility requirements in order to ensure accessibility of different types of persons with disabilities;", "Takes note of the improvements in multilingual development and the expansion of content on the United Nations website, and in this regard requests the Department of Public Information, in coordination with the various departments of the Secretariat that provide the content of the website, to further improve action taken to achieve full parity among the six official languages on the United Nations website and, in particular, reiterates its request to the Secretary-General to ensure that funds and human resources allocated to the United Nations website within the Department of Public Information are fully allocated to all official languages and to take into account the specificity of each official language;", "Acknowledges the cooperation arrangements reached by the Department of Public Information with academic institutions to increase the number of web pages available in certain official languages, and reiterates its urgent request to the Secretary-General to extend such arrangements to all official languages of the United Nations;", "Reiterates its request that all departments of the Secretariat that provide the content be translated into all other official languages in the most practical, efficient and cost-effective manner, and that they be published on the various languages;", "Reaffirms the need to continue to strengthen the technical infrastructure of the Department of Public Information and to expand the Department's outreach to continue to improve the United Nations website in a cost-neutral manner;", "Requests the Secretary-General to continue to make full use of new developments in information technology, to expedite the dissemination of information on the United Nations in a cost-effective manner, taking into account the linguistic diversity of the Organization, taking into account the priorities established by the General Assembly; to recognize the e-mail “new news alert” service”; and to encourage the Department of Public Information, in consultation with the Office of Information and Communications Technology, to explore, as a matter of priority, how such services can be delivered in all official languages;", "Recognizes that the use of non-Latin in certain official languages and is a bidirectional letter, while the technical infrastructure and supporting applications of the United Nations are based on the Lind alphabet, thereby making the processing of non-Latin and bidirectional letters difficult, and urges the Office to continue its efforts, in cooperation with the Department of Public Information, to ensure that the technical infrastructure and supporting applications of the United Nations fully support the Arabic and non-Latin and bidirectional language in order to make the United Nations website more equitable use of all official languages;", "Calls upon the Department of Public Information to recognize the importance of audio-visual archives and the importance of action by the Dag Hammarskjöld Library to maintain the Organization's publication as a common heritage, welcomes the completion of the United Nations historic video material in 65 years, stresses the urgency of digitization in order to prevent further deterioration in the status of unique historical archives, and notes the efforts of the Department to develop a digitalization strategy, in consultation with other departments, including the Office of Information and Communications Technology, to explore the channels for supporting digitization, including in cooperation with relevant partners, to ensure that such archives are kept and accessible;", "Library services", "Also calls upon the Department of Public Information to continue to lead the Steering Committee on Modernization and Integrated Management of the United Nations Library and to further commend the steps taken by the Dag Hammarskjöld Library and other members of the Steering Committee to align their activities, services and outputs more closely with the purposes, objectives and operational priorities of the Organization;", "Reaffirms once again the need for a full collection of books, journals and other information in hard copy formats for access by Member States to ensure that the Dag Hammarskjöld Library continues to be an information resource available for extensive retrieval of the United Nations and its activities;", "Calls upon the Department of Public Information to recognize the importance of audio-visual archives for the maintenance of our common heritage, to continue to review its policies and activities related to the long-term preservation of radio, television, movies and photographs, as well as actions taken to ensure that these archives are preserved and accessible, including actions taken in connection with the construction of the capital master plan beyond the overall budget of the plan;", "Notes the initiative of the Dag Hammarskjöld Library as the focal point to expand the scope of regional training and knowledge-sharing workshops organized by depository libraries in developing countries, including outreach activities;", "Acknowledges the role of the Dag Hammarskjöld Library in strengthening knowledge-sharing and networking activities to ensure access to the United Nations knowledge base, which is available to delegates, permanent missions of Member States, the Secretariat, researchers and depository libraries worldwide;", "Outreach services", "Also recognizes that the outreach services of the Department of Public Information continue to contribute to raising awareness of the role and work of the United Nations;", "Welcomes the educational outreach activities of the Department of Public Information through the United Nations Global Programme on Services and the Global Teaching and Teaching Project, which builds on a variety of media platforms for educational outreach to educators and young people worldwide, and encourages the United Nations Global Programme for Services to continue to further develop partnerships with global media networks and champions and global teaching projects to further expand their activities to primary, secondary and high school teachers;", "Takes note of the launch of the United Nations scholarly impact activities aimed at facilitating the exchange of United Nations and higher education institutions to support the common principles and objectives of the Organization;", "Notes that the Department of Public Information must continue to implement the current programme for broadcasters and journalists from developing countries and countries with economies in transition, in accordance with the mandate of the General Assembly, and requests the Department of Public Information, inter alia, to consider ways to maximize the use of the programme by extending the programme and increasing the number of participants;", "Welcomes the development and customization of the United Nations Chronicle print and web versions of the United Nations Chronicle in the direction of education and, in this regard, encourages the United Nations Chronicle to continue to develop partnerships and collaborative education activities with civil society organizations and higher education institutions;", "Requests the Department of Public Information to continue to publish the United Nations Chronicle in a manner that does not increase costs and to report on progress on this matter to the Committee on Information at its thirty-fourth session, and reiterates its request to the Department of Public Information to propose options for the publication of the United Nations Chronicle in all six official languages;", "Takes note of the efforts made by the Department of Public Information within existing mandates to organize exhibitions at United Nations Headquarters and other United Nations offices on important issues related to the United Nations as a useful means to connect the public, reiterates the important role that guided tours play as a means of linking the public, and requests the Secretary-General to continue his efforts to ensure that guided tours are provided in all official languages of the United Nations, in accordance with their income-generating nature;", "Also notes that the Department of Public Information is strengthening its role as a focal point to interact with civil society on priority United Nations work and concerns identified by Member States;", "Commends the activities being carried out by the United Nations Association of Journalists in a spirit of cooperation and the establishment of the Dag Hammarskjöld Memorial Fund to sponsor journalists from developing countries to cover the activities of the General Assembly at United Nations Headquarters, and further encourages the international community to continue to provide financial support to the Fund;", "Expresses its appreciation to the United Nations Messenger, Goodwill Ambassadors and other advocates for their efforts and contributions to promote the work of the United Nations and to raise international public awareness of the priorities and concerns of the Organization, and calls upon the Department of Public Information to continue to engage them in its communications and media strategies and outreach activities;", "Concluding remarks", "Requests the Secretary-General to report to the Committee on Information at its thirty-fourth and sixty-seventh sessions on the activities of the Department and on the implementation of all the recommendations and requests contained in the present resolution;", "Also requests the Secretary-General to make every effort to ensure that the Department maintains the level of services throughout the implementation of the capital master plan;", "Takes note of the initiative of the Department of Public Information, in cooperation with the Department of Safety and Security and the Protocol and Liaison Service during the general debate of the sixty-third session of the General Assembly, to issue special identity symbols to press officials of Member States so that they are able to accompany media personnel visiting high-level officials in the restricted area, and strongly urges the Secretary-General to continue to improve practices to meet the demands of Member States by issuing sufficient passes for press officers from Member States so that they can access all identified prohibited areas so that they can effectively and fully cover high-level meetings with the participation of officials from Member States;", "Requests the Committee on Information to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the item entitled “Questions relating to information”.", "9 December 2011", "81st plenary meeting", "See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 21 (A/66/21).", "[2] A/66/261.", "[3] See United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Records of the General Assembly, Twenty-first Session, Belgrade, 23 September - 28 October 1980, vol. I, Resolutions, sect. III.4, resolution 4/21.", "[4] See resolution 55/2.", "[5] See resolution 60/1.", "[6] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1771, No. 30822.", "[7] Ibid., vol. 2303, No. 30822.", "[8] A/AC.198ister2-4.", "[9] ST/SGB/2000/8.", "[10] See A/C.2/59/3, annex; A/60/687.", "[11] A/57/304, annex.", "[12] Resolution 62/214, annex.", "[13] Resolutions 52/5, 53/222, 53/225, 55/23, 566, 59/142 and 60/4.", "[14] Resolution 56/6, sect.", "[15] See A/AC.198/2007/13." ]

[ "2011年12月9日大会决议", "[根据特别政治和非殖民化委员会（第四委员会）的报告(A/66/430)通过]", "66/82. 按照《联合国宪章》第七十三条(辰)款递送的非自治领土情报", "大会，", "回顾其1963年12月16日第1970(XVIII)号决议要求《给予殖民地国家和人民独立宣言》执行情况特别委员会研究各国按照《联合国宪章》第七十三条(辰)款递送秘书长的情报，并在审查大会1960年12月14日第1514(XV)号决议所载《宣言》执行情况时充分考虑到上述情报，", "又回顾其2010年12月10日第65/108号决议要求特别委员会继续执行第1970(XVIII)号决议赋予的任务，", "强调指出各管理国必须按照《宪章》第七十三条(辰)款及时递送充分的情报，特别是秘书处编写有关领土的工作文件时所需的情报，", "审查了秘书长关于按照《联合国宪章》第七十三条(辰)款递送的非自治领土情报的报告，[1]", "1. 重申在大会本身决定一个非自治领土已经达到《联合国宪章》第十一章规定的充分自治以前，有关管理国应继续按照《宪章》第七十三条(辰)款递送有关该领土的情报；", "2. 请各有关管理国根据各自的《宪章》义务至迟在这些非自治领土行政年度终了后六个月内，在不违背安全及宪法的限度内，将关于其分别负责管理的领土的经济、社会和教育状况的统计及其他技术性情报，以及关于领土的政治和宪政发展的最详尽情报，包括规定领土政府以及领土与管理国之间的宪政关系的宪法、立法性法规或行政命令，定期递送或继续递送秘书长，以供参考；", "3. 请秘书长继续确保在编写与所涉领土有关的工作文件时从所有已经公布的现有来源充分收集情报；", "4. 请给予殖民地国家和人民独立宣言执行情况特别委员会继续依照既定程序执行大会第1970(XVIII)号决议赋予的任务。", "2011年12月9日", "第81次全体会议", "[1] A/66/65和Add.1。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/66/430)]", "66/82. Information from Non-Self-Governing Territories transmitted under Article 73 e of the Charter of the United Nations", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 1970 (XVIII) of 16 December 1963, in which it requested the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples to study the information transmitted to the Secretary-General in accordance with Article 73 e of the Charter of the United Nations and to take such information fully into account in examining the situation with regard to the implementation of the Declaration, contained in General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960,", "Recalling also its resolution 65/108 of 10 December 2010, in which it requested the Special Committee to continue to discharge the functions entrusted to it under resolution 1970 (XVIII),", "Stressing the importance of timely transmission by the administering Powers of adequate information under Article 73 e of the Charter, in particular in relation to the preparation by the Secretariat of the working papers on the Territories concerned,", "Having examined the report of the Secretary-General on information from Non-Self-Governing Territories transmitted under Article 73 e of the Charter,[1]", "1. Reaffirms that, in the absence of a decision by the General Assembly itself that a Non-Self-Governing Territory has attained a full measure of self‑government in terms of Chapter XI of the Charter of the United Nations, the administering Power concerned should continue to transmit information under Article 73 e of the Charter with respect to that Territory;", "2. Requests the administering Powers concerned, in accordance with their Charter obligations, to transmit or continue to transmit regularly to the Secretary-General for information purposes, subject to such limitation as security and constitutional considerations may require, statistical and other information of a technical nature relating to economic, social and educational conditions in the Territories for which they are respectively responsible, as well as the fullest possible information on political and constitutional developments in the Territories concerned, including the constitution, legislative act or executive order providing for the government of the Territory and the constitutional relationship of the Territory to the administering Power, within a maximum period of six months following the expiration of the administrative year in those Territories;", "3. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to ensure that adequate information is drawn from all available published sources in connection with the preparation of the working papers relating to the Territories concerned;", "4. Requests the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples to continue to discharge the functions entrusted to it under General Assembly resolution 1970 (XVIII), in accordance with established procedures.", "81st plenary meeting 9 December 2011", "[1]  A/66/65 and Add.1." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/66/430)]", "Information from Non-Self-Governing Territories transmitted under Article 73 e of the Charter of the United Nations", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 1970 (XVIII) of 16 December 1963, in which it requested the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples to study the information transmitted to the Secretary-General in accordance with Article 73 e of the Charter of the United Nations and to take fully into account the above-mentioned information in reviewing the implementation of the Declaration, as contained in General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960,", "Recalling also its resolution 63/208 of 10 December 2010, in which it requested the Special Committee to continue to carry out its mandate under resolution 1970 (XVIII),", "Underscoring the importance of timely transmission by the administering Powers of adequate information in accordance with Article 73 e of the Charter, in particular the information required by the Secretariat in preparing the working paper on the Territories,", "Having examined the report of the Secretary-General on information from Non-Self-Governing Territories transmitted under Article 73 e of the Charter of the United Nations, including alternative information", "Reaffirms that, until the General Assembly itself decides that a Non-Self-Governing Territory has attained full self-government under Chapter XI of the Charter of the United Nations, the administering Power concerned shall continue to transmit information on the Territory in accordance with Article 73 e of the Charter;", "Requests the relevant administering Powers, in accordance with their respective Charter obligations not later than six months after the end of the administrative year of the Non-Self-Governing Territories, to transmit or continue to transmit to the Secretary-General, on a regular basis, statistical and other technical information on the economic, social and educational status of the Territories under their respective administration, as well as on the political and constitutional developments in the Territories, including constitutional, legislative or administrative orders providing for constitutional relations between the territorial Government and the administering Power, for information;", "Requests the Secretary-General to continue to ensure that information is fully collected from all available sources, in the preparation of working papers relating to the Territories concerned;", "Requests the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples to continue to implement the mandate entrusted to it by the General Assembly in its resolution 1970 (XVIII) in accordance with established procedures.", "9 December 2011", "81st plenary meeting", "Abel5 and Add.1." ]

[ "2011年12月9日大会决议", "[根据特别政治和非殖民化委员会（第四委员会）的报告(A/66/431)通过]", "66/83. 影响非自治领土人民利益的经济活动和其他活动", "大会，", "审议了题为“影响非自治领土人民利益的经济活动和其他活动”的项目，", "审查了给予殖民地国家和人民独立宣言执行情况特别委员会2011年报告中与该项目有关的章节，[1]", "回顾大会1960年12月14日第1514(XV)号决议以及所有其他有关的大会决议，特别是1991年12月19日第46/181号、2000年12月8日第55/146号和2010年12月10日第65/119号决议，", "重申各管理国应根据《联合国宪章》所赋予的庄严义务，促进其管理下领土的居民的政治、经济、社会和教育发展，并保护这些领土的人力资源和自然资源不被滥用，", "又重申任何经济活动或其他活动，若对非自治领土人民的利益及他们根据《宪章》和大会第1514(XV)号决议行使自决权产生不利影响，即违反《宪章》的宗旨和原则，", "还重申自然资源是属于包括土著人民在内所有非自治领土人民的遗产，", "认识到每个领土的地理位置、面积和经济条件的特殊情况，并牢记必须促进每个领土经济实现稳定和丰富多样，并得到加强，", "意识到小领土特别易受自然灾害和环境退化的影响，", "又意识到外国经济投资如果同非自治领土人民合作并根据他们的愿望进行，就能对这些领土的社会经济发展及对领土人民行使自决权作出有效贡献，", "关切任何以损害非自治领土居民利益的方式利用这些领土的自然及人力资源的活动，", "铭记历次不结盟国家国家元首和政府首脑会议各项最后文件以及非洲联盟国家元首和政府首脑会议、太平洋岛屿论坛和加勒比共同体通过的决议的各项有关规定，", "1. 重申非自治领土人民根据《联合国宪章》和载有《给予殖民地国家和人民独立宣言》的大会第1514(XV)号决议享有自决权，并重申他们有权享有其自然资源，有权以最符合他们利益的方式支配这些资源；", "2. 确认同非自治领土人民合作并根据其愿望进行的外国经济投资的价值，以便对这些领土的社会经济发展作出有效贡献，尤其是在经济和金融危机时期；", "3. 重申管理国按照《宪章》规定有责任促进非自治领土的政治、经济、社会和教育发展，并重申非自治领土人民对其自然资源的合法权利；", "4. 重申关切以损害加勒比、太平洋和其他区域的非自治领土人民包括土著人民利益的方式利用其所继承的自然资源以及人力资源并剥夺其对这些资源支配权的任何活动；", "5. 重申需要避免进行对非自治领土人民的利益产生不利影响的任何经济活动和其他活动；", "6. 再度吁请尚未根据大会1970年10月12日第2621(XXV)号决议有关规定，对在非自治领土拥有并经营损害这些领土居民利益的企业的本国国民及本国管辖下的法人团体采取立法、行政或其他措施的各国政府，采取这些措施，关闭这类企业；", "7. 吁请管理国确保在其管理下的非自治领土开采海洋资源及其他自然资源不违反联合国有关决议，并且不会对这些领土人民的利益造成不利影响；", "8. 请各国政府和联合国系统各组织依照联合国关于非殖民化的各项决议，采取一切可能措施，确保非自治领土人民对其自然资源的永久主权得到充分的尊重和保障；", "9. 敦促有关管理国采取有效措施，保障并保证非自治领土人民对其自然资源享有不可剥夺的权利，并确立和保持对这些资源未来开发的控制，同时请管理国依照联合国关于非殖民化的有关决议，采取一切必要步骤，保护各领土人民的产权；", "10. 呼吁有关管理国确保其管理领土内的工作条件不带任何歧视，并推动在每个领土实行适用于所有居民的不带任何歧视的公平工资制度；", "11. 请秘书长利用他拥有的一切手段，继续让世界舆论了解影响非自治领土人民根据《宪章》和大会第1514(XV)号决议行使自决权的任何活动；", "12. 呼吁工会、非政府组织和个人继续努力，促进非自治领土人民的经济福祉，并呼吁媒体传播有关这方面动态的信息；", "13. 决定密切关注非自治领土的状况，以确保这些领土内的所有经济活动都从包括土著居民在内的非自治领土人民的利益出发，力求加强这些领土的经济并使其丰富多样，增进其经济和财政活力；", "14. 请给予殖民地国家和人民独立宣言执行情况特别委员会继续审查这一问题，并就此向大会第六十七届会议提出报告。", "2011年12月9日", "第81次全体会议", "[1] 《大会正式纪录，第六十六届会议，补编第23号》(A/66/23)，第五章。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/66/431)]", "66/83. Economic and other activities which affect the interests of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories", "The General Assembly,", "Having considered the item entitled “Economic and other activities which affect the interests of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories”,", "Having examined the chapter of the report of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples for 2011 relating to the item,[1]", "Recalling General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960, as well as all other relevant resolutions of the Assembly, including, in particular, resolutions 46/181 of 19 December 1991, 55/146 of 8 December 2000 and 65/119 of 10 December 2010,", "Reaffirming the solemn obligation of the administering Powers under the Charter of the United Nations to promote the political, economic, social and educational advancement of the inhabitants of the Territories under their administration and to protect the human and natural resources of those Territories against abuses,", "Reaffirming also that any economic or other activity that has a negative impact on the interests of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories and on the exercise of their right to self-determination in conformity with the Charter and General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) is contrary to the purposes and principles of the Charter,", "Reaffirming further that the natural resources are the heritage of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories, including the indigenous populations,", "Aware of the special circumstances of the geographical location, size and economic conditions of each Territory, and bearing in mind the need to promote the stability, diversification and strengthening of the economy of each Territory,", "Conscious of the particular vulnerability of the small Territories to natural disasters and environmental degradation,", "Conscious also that foreign economic investment, when undertaken in collaboration with the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories and in accordance with their wishes, could make a valid contribution to the socio-economic development of the Territories and also to the exercise of their right to self-determination,", "Concerned about any activities aimed at exploiting the natural and human resources of the Non-Self-Governing Territories to the detriment of the interests of the inhabitants of those Territories,", "Bearing in mind the relevant provisions of the final documents of the successive Conferences of Heads of State or Government of Non-Aligned Countries and of the resolutions adopted by the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the African Union, the Pacific Islands Forum and the Caribbean Community,", "1. Reaffirms the right of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories to self-determination in conformity with the Charter of the United Nations and with General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV), containing the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, as well as their right to the enjoyment of their natural resources and their right to dispose of those resources in their best interest;", "2. Affirms the value of foreign economic investment undertaken in collaboration with the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories and in accordance with their wishes in order to make a valid contribution to the socio‑economic development of the Territories, especially during times of economic and financial crisis;", "3. Reaffirms the responsibility of the administering Powers under the Charter to promote the political, economic, social and educational advancement of the Non-Self-Governing Territories, and reaffirms the legitimate rights of their peoples over their natural resources;", "4. Reaffirms its concern about any activities aimed at the exploitation of the natural resources that are the heritage of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories, including the indigenous populations, in the Caribbean, the Pacific and other regions, and of their human resources, to the detriment of their interests, and in such a way as to deprive them of their right to dispose of those resources;", "5. Reaffirms the need to avoid any economic and other activities that adversely affect the interests of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories;", "6. Calls once again upon all Governments that have not yet done so to take, in accordance with the relevant provisions of General Assembly resolution 2621 (XXV) of 12 October 1970, legislative, administrative or other measures in respect of their nationals and the bodies corporate under their jurisdiction that own and operate enterprises in the Non-Self-Governing Territories that are detrimental to the interests of the inhabitants of those Territories, in order to put an end to such enterprises;", "7. Calls upon the administering Powers to ensure that the exploitation of the marine and other natural resources in the Non-Self-Governing Territories under their administration is not in violation of the relevant resolutions of the United Nations, and does not adversely affect the interests of the peoples of those Territories;", "8. Invites all Governments and organizations of the United Nations system to take all possible measures to ensure that the permanent sovereignty of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories over their natural resources is fully respected and safeguarded in accordance with the relevant resolutions of the United Nations on decolonization;", "9. Urges the administering Powers concerned to take effective measures to safeguard and guarantee the inalienable right of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories to their natural resources and to establish and maintain control over the future development of those resources, and requests the administering Powers to take all steps necessary to protect the property rights of the peoples of those Territories in accordance with the relevant resolutions of the United Nations on decolonization;", "10. Calls upon the administering Powers concerned to ensure that no discriminatory working conditions prevail in the Territories under their administration and to promote in each Territory a fair system of wages applicable to all the inhabitants without any discrimination;", "11. Requests the Secretary-General to continue, through all means at his disposal, to inform world public opinion of any activity that affects the exercise of the right of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories to self-determination in conformity with the Charter and General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV);", "12. Appeals to trade unions and non-governmental organizations, as well as individuals, to continue their efforts to promote the economic well-being of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories, and also appeals to the media to disseminate information about the developments in this regard;", "13. Decides to follow the situation in the Non-Self-Governing Territories so as to ensure that all economic activities in those Territories are aimed at strengthening and diversifying their economies in the interest of their peoples, including the indigenous populations, and at promoting the economic and financial viability of those Territories;", "14. Requests the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples to continue to examine this question and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session.", "81st plenary meeting 9 December 2011", "[1]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 23 (A/66/23), chap. V." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/66/431)]", "Economic activities and other activities that affect the interests of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories", "The General Assembly,", "Having considered the item entitled “Economic and other activities affecting the interests of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories”,", "Having examined the relevant sections of the report of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples for the period 2011, including the items,", "Recalling General Assembly resolutions 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960 and all other relevant resolutions of the General Assembly, in particular resolutions 46/181 of 19 December 1991, 55/146 of 8 December 2000 and 63/219 of 10 December 2010,", "Reaffirming that the administering Powers shall promote the political, economic, social and educational development of the inhabitants of the Territories under their administration, in accordance with the solemn obligations conferred by the Charter of the United Nations, and to protect the human and natural resources of those Territories from abuse,", "Reaffirming also any economic activity or other activities which adversely affect the interests of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories and their exercise of their right to self-determination in accordance with the Charter and General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV), in violation of the purposes and principles of the Charter,", "Reaffirming also that natural resources are the heritage of all peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories, including indigenous peoples,", "Recognizing the special circumstances of the geographical location, size and economic conditions of each Territory, and bearing in mind the need to promote stability and diversification in the economy of each Territory,", "Aware that small Territories are particularly vulnerable to natural disasters and environmental degradation,", "Aware also that foreign economic investment, in cooperation with the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories and in accordance with their wishes, can make an effective contribution to the socio-economic development of those Territories and to the exercise of the right of peoples of the Territories to self-determination,", "Concerned at any activities to utilize the natural and human resources of the Territories in a manner that undermines the interests of the inhabitants of Non-Self-Governing Territories,", "Bearing in mind the relevant provisions of the final documents of the successive Conferences of Heads of State and Government of Non-Aligned Countries and the resolutions adopted by the African Union Conference of Heads of State and Government, the Pacific Islands Forum and the Caribbean Community,", "Reaffirms the right of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories to self-determination in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations and General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV), containing the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, and reiterates their right to natural resources and to dispose of those resources in a manner that is most in their interest;", "Acknowledges the value of foreign economic investment, in cooperation with the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories and in accordance with their wishes, in order to contribute effectively to the socio-economic development of those Territories, in particular during the economic and financial crisis;", "Reaffirms the responsibility of the administering Powers under the Charter to promote the political, economic, social and educational development of the Non-Self-Governing Territories, and reaffirms the legitimate rights of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories to their natural resources;", "Reaffirms its concern at the use of natural resources and human resources inherited by the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories of the Caribbean, the Pacific and other regions, including indigenous peoples, in a manner that undermines the interests of the peoples of the Caribbean, the Pacific and other regions, and deprives them of any activity of their ownership of these resources;", "Reaffirms the need to avoid any economic and other activities that adversely affect the interests of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories;", "Reiterates its call upon Governments that have not yet done so to take legislative, administrative or other measures to close such enterprises in the Non-Self-Governing Territories, in accordance with the relevant provisions of General Assembly resolution 2621 (XXV) of 12 October 1970;", "Calls upon the administering Power to ensure that the exploitation of marine resources and other natural resources in the Non-Self-Governing Territories under its management does not violate the relevant resolutions of the United Nations and does not adversely affect the interests of the peoples of those Territories;", "Requests Governments and organizations of the United Nations system to take all possible measures, in accordance with United Nations resolutions on decolonization, to ensure that the permanent sovereignty of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories over their natural resources is fully respected and guaranteed;", "Urges the administering Powers concerned to take effective measures to guarantee and guarantee the inalienable right of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories to their natural resources and to establish and maintain control over the future development of those resources, and requests the administering Powers to take all necessary steps to protect the property rights of the peoples of the Territories, in accordance with relevant United Nations resolutions on decolonization;", "Calls upon the administering Power concerned to ensure that its working conditions in the Territories are not subject to any discrimination and to promote a fair wage system that applies to all residents in each Territory without discrimination;", "Requests the Secretary-General to continue to inform world public opinion of any activities affecting the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination in accordance with the Charter and General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV);", "Calls upon trade unions, non-governmental organizations and individuals to continue their efforts to promote the economic well-being of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories, and calls upon the media to disseminate information on developments in this regard;", "Decides to follow closely the situation of the Non-Self-Governing Territories in order to ensure that all economic activities in these territories are carried out in the interests of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories, including indigenous peoples, and to seek to strengthen and diversify the economies of those Territories and to enhance their economic and financial viability;", "Requests the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples to continue to examine the matter and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session.", "9 December 2011", "81st plenary meeting", "See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 23 (A/64/23), chap." ]

[ "2011年12月9日大会决议", "[根据特别政治和非殖民化委员会（第四委员会）的报告(A/66/432)通过]", "66/84. 各专门机构和与联合国有联系的国际机构执行《给予殖民地国家和人民独立宣言》的情况", "大会，", "审议了题为“各专门机构和与联合国有联系的国际机构执行《给予殖民地国家和人民独立宣言》的情况”的项目，", "又审议了秘书长关于此项目的报告[1] 和经济及社会理事会关于此项目的报告，[2]", "审查了给予殖民地国家和人民独立宣言执行情况特别委员会2011年报告中有关此项目的章节，[3]", "回顾大会1960年12月14日第1514(XV)号和1960年12月15日第1541(XV)号决议及特别委员会各项决议，以及其他有关决议和决定，特别包括经济及社会理事会2010年7月23日第2010/30号决议，", "铭记历次不结盟国家国家元首和政府首脑会议的最后文件以及非洲联盟国家元首和政府首脑会议、太平洋岛屿论坛和加勒比共同体通过的各项决议的有关规定，", "意识到有必要促进第1514(XV)号决议所载《给予殖民地国家和人民独立宣言》的执行，", "注意到大多数尚余非自治领土为小岛屿领土，", "欢迎联合国系统某些专门机构和其他组织，特别是联合国开发计划署，向非自治领土提供的援助，", "又欢迎那些属于区域委员会准成员的非自治领土，根据大会议事规则以及联合国有关决议和决定，包括大会和特别委员会关于具体领土的决议和决定，以观察员身份参加经济和社会领域的世界会议，", "注意到联合国系统只有部分专门机构和其他组织参与向非自治领土提供援助，", "强调指出由于小岛屿非自治领土的发展选择有限，规划和执行可持续发展工作面临特殊的挑战，如无联合国系统专门机构和其他组织的不断合作和协助，上述领土应对这些挑战将受到制约，", "又强调指出亟须获得必要资源以资助为有关人民制定的扩大援助方案，在这方面必须争取联合国系统所有主要供资机构的支助，", "重申联合国系统各专门机构和其他组织负有任务在各自的职权范围内采取一切适当的措施，确保充分执行大会第1514(XV)号决议和其他有关决议，", "表示感谢非洲联盟、太平洋岛屿论坛、加勒比共同体和其他区域组织在这方面继续向联合国系统各专门机构和其他组织提供合作和协助，", "表示坚信联合国系统各专门机构和其他组织以及区域组织相互间更为密切的接触和磋商有助于促进有效拟订向有关人民提供援助的方案，", "注意到必须继续经常审查联合国系统各专门机构和其他组织为执行与非殖民化有关的联合国各项决议和决定而开展的各项活动，", "铭记小岛屿非自治领土的经济极为脆弱，很容易受到飓风、旋风和海平面上升等自然灾害的影响，并回顾大会各项有关决议，", "回顾大会2010年12月10日关于各专门机构和与联合国有联系的国际机构执行《宣言》情况的第65/110号决议，", "1. 表示注意到秘书长的报告；¹", "2. 建议所有国家在其所参加的联合国系统专门机构和其他组织中加紧努力，以确保充分、有效地执行大会第1514(XV)号决议中所载《给予殖民地国家和人民独立宣言》和联合国其他有关决议；", "3. 重申联合国系统各专门机构和其他组织及机构应继续按照联合国有关决议作出努力，为执行《宣言》和大会所有其他有关决议作出贡献；", "4. 又重申大会、安全理事会及联合国其他机关既然承认非自治领土人民行使其自决权的愿望是合法的，则理应对这些人民给予一切适当的援助；", "5. 感谢那些继续与联合国及各区域和次区域组织合作执行大会第1514(XV)号决议和联合国其他有关决议的联合国系统各专门机构和其他组织，并请联合国系统所有专门机构和其他组织执行这些决议的有关规定；", "6. 请联合国系统各专门机构和其他组织加大力度参与给予殖民地国家和人民独立宣言执行情况特别委员会工作，作为执行大会第1514(XV)号决议的一项重要内容，包括可能应特别委员会邀请参加非殖民化问题区域讨论会；", "7. 请联合国系统各专门机构和其他组织及国际组织和区域组织研究并审查每一领土的状况，以便采取适当措施，加速这些领土在经济和社会部门的进展；", "8. 敦促那些尚未向非自治领土提供援助的联合国系统专门机构和其他组织尽快提供援助；", "9. 请联合国系统各专门机构和其他组织和机构及区域组织在其各自的任务范围内加强对尚余非自治领土的现有支助措施，并制订适当援助方案，以期加速这些领土在经济和社会部门的进展；", "10. 请联合国系统的有关专门机构和其他组织提供以下方面的信息：", "(a) 非自治领土面对的环境问题；", "(b) 飓风和火山爆发等自然灾害和海滩及海岸侵蚀、旱灾等其他环境问题对这些领土的影响；", "(c) 为协助这些领土打击贩毒、洗钱和其他非法活动及犯罪活动而采取的方式和手段；", "(d) 非法开发这些领土的海洋资源和其他自然资源问题和利用这些资源造福各领土人民的必要性；", "11. 建议联合国系统各专门机构和其他组织的行政首长在有关区域组织的积极合作下制订关于充分执行联合国有关决议的具体提案并提交各自理事机构和立法机构；", "12. 又建议联合国系统各专门机构和其他组织继续在其理事机构常会上审查大会第1514(XV)号决议和联合国其他有关决议的执行情况；", "13. 回顾拉丁美洲和加勒比经济委员会1998年5月16日第574(XXVII)号决议[4] 呼吁设立必要机制，以便在符合大会议事规则的情况下，允许其准成员，包括非自治领土，参加大会特别会议，审查和评估这些领土最初以观察员身份参加的联合国各次世界会议的行动计划的执行情况，并允许它们参加经济及社会理事会及其附属机构的工作；", "14. 请给予殖民地国家和人民独立宣言执行情况特别委员会主席继续就这些事项与经济及社会理事会主席保持密切联系；", "15. 回顾秘书处新闻部和政治事务部经与联合国开发计划署、各专门机构和特别委员会协商，印发了载有可供非自治领土利用的援助方案信息的散页传单，其更新版见联合国非殖民化网站，并要求将其不断更新和广泛传播；", "16. 欢迎联合国开发计划署继续努力与包括拉丁美洲和加勒比经济委员会和亚洲及太平洋经济社会委员会在内的联合国系统各专门机构和其他组织保持紧密联系，并继续努力向非自治领土人民提供援助；", "17. 鼓励非自治领土，除其他外，在相关专门机构的援助下，采取步骤建立和(或)加强灾害防备及管理机构和政策；", "18. 请有关管理国酌情提供方便，让非自治领土任命和选出的代表得以依照联合国有关决议和决定，包括大会和特别委员会关于具体领土的决议和决定，出席联合国系统各专门机构和其他组织的各种有关会议，使这些领土可从上述机构和组织的有关活动中获益；", "19. 建议各国政府在其所参加的联合国系统各专门机构和其他组织中加紧努力，优先考虑向非自治领土人民提供援助的问题；", "20. 请秘书长继续协助联合国系统各专门机构和其他组织为执行联合国有关决议拟订适当措施，并在这些机构和组织协助下，就上次报告分发以后为执行包括本决议在内的各项有关决议所采取的行动编写一份报告，提交各有关机构；", "21. 赞扬经济及社会理事会就这一问题展开的辩论和通过的决议，并请理事会同特别委员会协商，继续审议适当的措施，以协调联合国系统各专门机构和其他组织执行大会有关决议的政策和活动；", "22. 请各专门机构就本决议的执行情况定期向秘书长提出报告；", "23. 请秘书长将本决议转递相关专门机构和与联合国有联系的国际机构的理事机构，以便这些理事机构为执行本决议采取必要措施，又请秘书长就本决议的执行情况向大会第六十七届会议提出报告；", "24. 请特别委员会继续审查这个问题，并就此向大会第六十七届会议提出报告。", "2011年12月9日", "第81次全体会议", "[1] A/66/63。", "[2] E/2011/73和Add.1。", "[3] 《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第23号》(A/66/23)，第六章。", "[4] 见《经济及社会理事会正式记录，1998年，补编第21号》(E/1998/41)，第三.G节。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/66/432)]", "66/84. Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples by the specialized agencies and the international institutions associated with the United Nations", "The General Assembly,", "Having considered the item entitled “Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples by the specialized agencies and the international institutions associated with the United Nations”,", "Having also considered the report of the Secretary-General[1] and the report of the Economic and Social Council[2] on the item,", "Having examined the chapter of the report of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples for 2011 relating to the item,[3]", "Recalling its resolutions 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960 and 1541 (XV) of 15 December 1960 and the resolutions of the Special Committee, as well as other relevant resolutions and decisions, including in particular Economic and Social Council resolution 2010/30 of 23 July 2010,", "Bearing in mind the relevant provisions of the final documents of the successive Conferences of Heads of State or Government of Non-Aligned Countries and of the resolutions adopted by the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the African Union, the Pacific Islands Forum and the Caribbean Community,", "Conscious of the need to facilitate the implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, contained in resolution 1514 (XV),", "Noting that the large majority of the remaining Non-Self-Governing Territories are small island Territories,", "Welcoming the assistance extended to Non-Self-Governing Territories by certain specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system, in particular the United Nations Development Programme,", "Welcoming also the participation in the capacity of observers of those Non‑Self-Governing Territories that are associate members of regional commissions in the world conferences in the economic and social spheres, subject to the rules of procedure of the General Assembly and in accordance with relevant resolutions and decisions of the United Nations, including resolutions and decisions of the Assembly and the Special Committee on specific Territories,", "Noting that only some specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system have been involved in providing assistance to Non-Self-Governing Territories,", "Stressing that, because the development options of the small island Non-Self-Governing Territories are limited, there are special challenges to planning for and implementing sustainable development and that those Territories will be constrained in meeting the challenges without the continuing cooperation and assistance of the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system,", "Stressing also the importance of securing the resources necessary for funding expanded programmes of assistance for the peoples concerned and the need to enlist the support of all major funding institutions within the United Nations system in that regard,", "Reaffirming the mandates of the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system to take all appropriate measures, within their respective spheres of competence, to ensure the full implementation of General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) and other relevant resolutions,", "Expressing its appreciation to the African Union, the Pacific Islands Forum, the Caribbean Community and other regional organizations for the continued cooperation and assistance they have extended to the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system in this regard,", "Expressing its conviction that closer contacts and consultations between and among the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system and regional organizations help to facilitate the effective formulation of programmes of assistance to the peoples concerned,", "Mindful of the imperative need to keep under continuous review the activities of the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system in the implementation of the various resolutions and decisions of the United Nations relating to decolonization,", "Bearing in mind the extremely fragile economies of the small island Non-Self-Governing Territories and their vulnerability to natural disasters, such as hurricanes, cyclones and sea-level rise, and recalling the relevant resolutions of the General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 65/110 of 10 December 2010 on the implementation of the Declaration by the specialized agencies and the international institutions associated with the United Nations,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General;¹", "2. Recommends that all States intensify their efforts in the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system in which they are members to ensure the full and effective implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, contained in General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV), and other relevant resolutions of the United Nations;", "3. Reaffirms that the specialized agencies and other organizations and institutions of the United Nations system should continue to be guided by the relevant resolutions of the United Nations in their efforts to contribute to the implementation of the Declaration and all other relevant resolutions of the General Assembly;", "4. Also reaffirms that the recognition by the General Assembly, the Security Council and other United Nations organs of the legitimacy of the aspirations of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories to exercise their right to self‑determination entails, as a corollary, the extension of all appropriate assistance to those peoples;", "5. Expresses its appreciation to those specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system that have continued to cooperate with the United Nations and the regional and subregional organizations in the implementation of General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) and other relevant resolutions of the United Nations, and requests all the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system to implement the relevant provisions of those resolutions;", "6. Requests the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system to intensify their engagement with the work of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples as an important element for the implementation of General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV), including possible participation at the regional seminars on decolonization, upon the invitation of the Special Committee;", "7. Requests the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system and international and regional organizations to examine and review conditions in each Territory so as to take appropriate measures to accelerate progress in the economic and social sectors of the Territories;", "8. Urges those specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system that have not yet provided assistance to Non-Self-Governing Territories to do so as soon as possible;", "9. Requests the specialized agencies and other organizations and institutions of the United Nations system and regional organizations to strengthen existing measures of support and formulate appropriate programmes of assistance to the remaining Non-Self-Governing Territories, within the framework of their respective mandates, in order to accelerate progress in the economic and social sectors of those Territories;", "10. Requests the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system concerned to provide information on:", "(a) Environmental problems facing the Non-Self-Governing Territories;", "(b) The impact of natural disasters, such as hurricanes and volcanic eruptions, and other environmental problems, such as beach and coastal erosion and droughts, on those Territories;", "(c) Ways and means to assist the Territories to fight drug trafficking, money-laundering and other illegal and criminal activities;", "(d) Illegal exploitation of the marine and other natural resources of the Territories and the need to utilize those resources for the benefit of the peoples of the Territories;", "11. Recommends that the executive heads of the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system formulate, with the active cooperation of the regional organizations concerned, concrete proposals for the full implementation of the relevant resolutions of the United Nations and submit the proposals to their governing and legislative organs;", "12. Also recommends that the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system continue to review at the regular meetings of their governing bodies the implementation of General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) and other relevant resolutions of the United Nations;", "13. Recalls the adoption by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean of its resolution 574 (XXVII) of 16 May 1998,[4] calling for the necessary mechanisms for its associate members, including Non-Self-Governing Territories, to participate in the special sessions of the General Assembly, subject to the rules of procedure of the Assembly, to review and assess the implementation of the plans of action of those United Nations world conferences in which the Territories originally participated in the capacity of observer, and in the work of the Economic and Social Council and its subsidiary bodies;", "14. Requests the Chair of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples to continue to maintain close contact on these matters with the President of the Economic and Social Council;", "15. Recalls the publication by the Department of Public Information and the Department of Political Affairs of the Secretariat, in consultation with the United Nations Development Programme, the specialized agencies and the Special Committee, of an information leaflet on assistance programmes available to the Non-Self-Governing Territories, which was updated for the United Nations website on decolonization, and requests its continued updating and wide dissemination;", "16. Welcomes the continuing efforts made by the United Nations Development Programme in maintaining close liaison among the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system, including the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean and the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, and in providing assistance to the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories;", "17. Encourages the Non-Self-Governing Territories to take steps to establish and/or strengthen disaster preparedness and management institutions and policies, inter alia, with the assistance of the relevant specialized agencies;", "18. Requests the administering Powers concerned to facilitate, when appropriate, the participation of appointed and elected representatives of Non-Self-Governing Territories in the relevant meetings and conferences of the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system, in accordance with relevant resolutions and decisions of the United Nations, including resolutions and decisions of the General Assembly and the Special Committee on specific Territories, so that the Territories may benefit from the related activities of those agencies and organizations;", "19. Recommends that all Governments intensify their efforts in the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system of which they are members to accord priority to the question of providing assistance to the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories;", "20. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to assist the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system in working out appropriate measures for implementing the relevant resolutions of the United Nations and to prepare for submission to the relevant bodies, with the assistance of those agencies and organizations, a report on the action taken in implementation of the relevant resolutions, including the present resolution, since the circulation of his previous report;", "21. Commends the Economic and Social Council for its debate and resolution on this question, and requests it to continue to consider, in consultation with the Special Committee, appropriate measures for the coordination of the policies and activities of the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system in implementing the relevant resolutions of the General Assembly;", "22. Requests the specialized agencies to report periodically to the Secretary-General on the implementation of the present resolution;", "23. Requests the Secretary-General to transmit the present resolution to the governing bodies of the appropriate specialized agencies and international institutions associated with the United Nations so that those bodies may take the measures necessary to implement it, and also requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the implementation of the present resolution;", "24. Requests the Special Committee to continue to examine the question and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session.", "81st plenary meeting 9 December 2011", "[1]  A/66/63.", "[2]  E/2011/73 and Add.1.", "[3]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 23 (A/66/23), chap. VI.", "[4]  See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 1998, Supplement No. 21 (E/1998/41), sect. III.G." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/66/432)]", "66/84. Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples by the specialized agencies and the international institutions associated with the United Nations", "The General Assembly,", "Having considered the item entitled “Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples by the specialized agencies and the international institutions associated with the United Nations”,", "Having also considered the report of the Secretary-General and the report of the Economic and Social Council on the item,", "Having examined the chapter of the report of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples for 2011 relating to the item,", "Recalling General Assembly resolutions 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960 and 1541 (XV) of 15 December 1960 and the resolutions of the Special Committee, as well as other relevant resolutions and decisions, including in particular Economic and Social Council resolution 2010/30 of 23 July 2010,", "Bearing in mind the relevant provisions of the final documents of the successive Conferences of Heads of State or Government of Non-Aligned Countries and of the resolutions adopted by the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the African Union, the Pacific Islands Forum and the Caribbean Community,", "Conscious of the need to facilitate the implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, contained in resolution 1514 (XV),", "Noting that the large majority of the remaining Non-Self-Governing Territories are small island Territories,", "Welcoming the assistance extended to Non-Self-Governing Territories by certain specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system, in particular the United Nations Development Programme,", "Welcoming also the participation in the capacity of observers of those Non-Self-Governing Territories that are associate members of regional commissions in the world conferences in the economic and social sphere, subject to the rules of procedure of the General Assembly and in accordance with relevant United Nations resolutions and decisions, including resolutions and decisions of the Assembly and the Special Committee on specific Territories,", "Noting that only some specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system have been involved in providing assistance to Non-Self-Governing Territories,", "Stressing that, because the development options of the small island Non-Self-Governing Territories are limited, there are special challenges to planning for and implementing sustainable development and that those Territories will be constrained in meeting the challenges without the continued cooperation and assistance of the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system,", "Stressing also the importance of securing the necessary resources for funding expanded programmes of assistance for the peoples concerned and the need to enlist the support of all major funding institutions within the United Nations system in that regard,", "Reaffirming the mandates of the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system to take all appropriate measures, within their respective spheres of competence, to ensure the full implementation of General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) and other relevant resolutions,", "Expressing its appreciation to the African Union, the Pacific Islands Forum, the Caribbean Community and other regional organizations for the continued cooperation and assistance they have extended to the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system in this regard,", "Expressing its conviction that closer contacts and consultations between and among the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system and regional organizations help to facilitate the effective formulation of programmes of assistance to the peoples concerned,", "Mindful of the imperative need to keep under continuous review the activities of the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system in the implementation of the various resolutions and decisions of the United Nations relating to decolonization,", "Bearing in mind the extremely fragile economies of the small island Non-Self-Governing Territories and their vulnerability to natural disasters, such as hurricanes, cyclones and sea-level rise, and recalling the relevant resolutions of the General Assembly,", "Recalling General Assembly resolution 65/110 of 10 December 2010 on the implementation of the Declaration by the specialized agencies and the international institutions associated with the United Nations,", "Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General;1", "2. Recommends that all States intensify their efforts in the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system in which they are members to ensure the full and effective implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, contained in General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV), and other relevant resolutions of the United Nations;", "Reaffirms that the specialized agencies and other organizations and institutions of the United Nations system should continue to be guided by the relevant resolutions of the United Nations in their efforts to contribute to the implementation of the Declaration and all other relevant General Assembly resolutions;", "Reaffirms also that the recognition by the General Assembly, the Security Council and other United Nations organs of the legitimacy of the aspirations of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories to exercise their right to self-determination entails, as a corollary, the extension of all appropriate assistance to those peoples;", "5. Expresses its appreciation to those specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system that have continued to cooperate with the United Nations and the regional and subregional organizations in the implementation of General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) and other relevant resolutions of the United Nations, and requests all the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system to implement the relevant provisions of those resolutions;", "Requests the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system to intensify their participation in the work of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples as an important element in the implementation of General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV), including possible participation in the regional seminars on decolonization at the invitation of the Special Committee;", "7. Requests the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system and international and regional organizations to examine and review conditions in each Territory so as to take appropriate measures to accelerate progress in the economic and social sectors of the Territories;", "8. Urges those specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system that have not yet provided assistance to Non-Self-Governing Territories to do so as soon as possible;", "9. Requests the specialized agencies and other organizations and institutions of the United Nations system and regional organizations to strengthen existing measures of support and formulate appropriate programmes of assistance to the remaining Non-Self-Governing Territories, within the framework of their respective mandates, in order to accelerate progress in the economic and social sectors of those Territories;", "Requests the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system concerned to provide information on:", "(a) Environmental problems facing the Non-Self-Governing Territories;", "(b) The impact of natural disasters, such as hurricanes and volcanic eruptions, and other environmental problems, such as beach and coastal erosion and droughts, on those Territories;", "(c) Ways and means to assist the Territories to fight drug trafficking, money-laundering and other illegal and criminal activities;", "(d) The illegal exploitation of the marine and other natural resources of the Territories and the need to utilize those resources for the benefit of the peoples of the Territories;", "11. Recommends that the executive heads of the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system formulate, with the active cooperation of the regional organizations concerned, concrete proposals for the full implementation of the relevant resolutions of the United Nations and submit them to their governing and legislative organs;", "12. Also recommends that the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system continue to review at the regular meetings of their governing bodies the implementation of General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) and other relevant resolutions of the United Nations;", "13. Recalls that the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, in its resolution 574 (XXVII) of 16 May 1998, called for the necessary mechanisms for its associate members, including Non-Self-Governing Territories, to participate in the special sessions of the General Assembly, subject to the rules of procedure of the Assembly, to review and assess the implementation of the plans of action of those United Nations world conferences in which the Territories originally participated in the capacity of observer, and in the work of the Economic and Social Council and its subsidiary bodies;", "14. Requests the Chairman of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples to continue to maintain close contact on these matters with the President of the Economic and Social Council;", "15. Recalls the publication by the Department of Public Information and the Department of Political Affairs of the Secretariat, in consultation with the United Nations Development Programme, the specialized agencies and the Special Committee, of an information leaflet on assistance programmes available to the Non-Self-Governing Territories, the updated version of which is available on the United Nations decolonization website, and requests its continuous updating and wide dissemination;", "16. Welcomes the continuing efforts made by the United Nations Development Programme in maintaining close liaison among the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system, including the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean and the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, and in providing assistance to the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories;", "17. Encourages Non-Self-Governing Territories to take steps to establish and/or strengthen disaster preparedness and management institutions and policies, inter alia, with the assistance of the relevant specialized agencies;", "18. Requests the administering Powers concerned to facilitate, when appropriate, the participation of appointed and elected representatives of Non-Self-Governing Territories in the relevant meetings and conferences of the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system, in accordance with relevant United Nations resolutions and decisions, including resolutions and decisions of the General Assembly and the Special Committee on specific Territories, so that the Territories may benefit from the related activities of those agencies and organizations;", "19. Recommends that all Governments intensify their efforts in the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system of which they are members to accord priority to the question of providing assistance to the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories;", "Requests the Secretary-General to continue to assist the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system in working out appropriate measures for implementing the relevant resolutions of the United Nations and to prepare for submission to the relevant bodies, with the assistance of those agencies and organizations, a report on the action taken in implementation of the relevant resolutions, including the present resolution, since the circulation of his previous report;", "21. Commends the Economic and Social Council for its debate and resolution on this question, and requests it to continue to consider, in consultation with the Special Committee, appropriate measures for the coordination of the policies and activities of the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system in implementing the relevant resolutions of the General Assembly;", "22. Requests the specialized agencies to report periodically to the Secretary-General on the implementation of the present resolution;", "23. Requests the Secretary-General to transmit the present resolution to the governing bodies of the relevant specialized agencies and international institutions associated with the United Nations so that those bodies may take the necessary measures to implement it, and also requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the implementation of the present resolution;", "24. Requests the Special Committee to continue to examine the question and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session.", "9 December 2011", "81st plenary meeting", "[1] A/66/63.", "[2] E/2011/73 and Add.1.", "[3] Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 23 (A/66/23), chap. VI.", "[4] See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 1998, Supplement No. 21 (E/1998/41), sect." ]

[ "2011年12月9日大会决议", "[根据特别政治和非殖民化委员会（第四委员会）的报告(A/66/433)通过]", "66/85. 会员国向非自治领土居民提供学习和训练便利", "大会，", "回顾其2010年12月10日第65/111号决议，", "审查了秘书长按照大会1954年11月22日第845(IX)号决议编写的关于会员国向非自治领土居民提供学习和训练便利的报告，[1]", "认识到促进提高非自治领土居民教育水平的重要性，", "深信必须继续和扩大提供奖学金以满足非自治领土的学生对教育和训练援助不断增长的需要，并认为应鼓励非自治领土的学生利用这些机会，", "1. 表示注意到秘书长的报告；¹", "2. 感谢为非自治领土居民提供奖学金的会员国；", "3. 邀请所有国家向尚未实现自治或独立的领土居民开始或继续慷慨提供学习和训练便利，并尽可能向未来的学生提供旅费；", "4. 促请各管理国采取有效措施，确保在其管理的领土内不断广泛传播关于各国所提供的学习和训练便利的资料，并提供一切必要便利，使学生能够利用这些机会；", "5. 请秘书长就本决议的执行情况向大会第六十七届会议提出报告；", "6. 提请给予殖民地国家和人民独立宣言执行情况特别委员会注意本决议。", "2011年12月9日", "第81次全体会议", "[1] A/66/68和Add.1。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/66/433)]", "66/85. Offers by Member States of study and training facilities for inhabitants of Non-Self-Governing Territories", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 65/111 of 10 December 2010,", "Having examined the report of the Secretary-General on offers by Member States of study and training facilities for inhabitants of Non-Self-Governing Territories,[1] prepared pursuant to its resolution 845 (IX) of 22 November 1954,", "Conscious of the importance of promoting the educational advancement of the inhabitants of Non-Self-Governing Territories,", "Strongly convinced that the continuation and expansion of offers of scholarships is essential in order to meet the increasing need of students from Non-Self-Governing Territories for educational and training assistance, and considering that students in those Territories should be encouraged to avail themselves of such offers,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General;¹", "2. Expresses its appreciation to those Member States that have made scholarships available to the inhabitants of Non-Self-Governing Territories;", "3. Invites all States to make or continue to make generous offers of study and training facilities to the inhabitants of those Territories that have not yet attained self-government or independence and, wherever possible, to provide travel funds to prospective students;", "4. Urges the administering Powers to take effective measures to ensure the widespread and continuous dissemination in the Territories under their administration of information relating to offers of study and training facilities made by States and to provide all the necessary facilities to enable students to avail themselves of such offers;", "5. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the implementation of the present resolution;", "6. Draws the attention of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples to the present resolution.", "81st plenary meeting 9 December 2011", "[1]  A/66/68 and Add.1." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/66/433)]", "66/85. Offers by Member States of study and training facilities for inhabitants of Non-Self-Governing Territories", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 65/111 of 10 December 2010,", "Having examined the report of the Secretary-General on offers by Member States of study and training facilities for inhabitants of Non-Self-Governing Territories, prepared pursuant to its resolution 845 (IX) of 22 November 1954, [1]", "Conscious of the importance of promoting the educational advancement of the inhabitants of Non-Self-Governing Territories,", "Strongly convinced that the continuation and expansion of offers of scholarships is essential in order to meet the increasing need of students from Non-Self-Governing Territories for educational and training assistance, and considering that students in those Territories should be encouraged to avail themselves of such offers,", "Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General;1", "2. Expresses its appreciation to those Member States that have offered scholarships to the inhabitants of Non-Self-Governing Territories;", "3. Invites all States to make or continue to make generous offers of study and training facilities to the inhabitants of those Territories that have not yet attained self-government or independence and, wherever possible, to provide travel funds to prospective students;", "4. Urges the administering Powers to take effective measures to ensure the widespread and continuous dissemination in the Territories under their administration of information relating to offers of study and training facilities made by States and to provide all the necessary facilities to enable students to avail themselves of such offers;", "5. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the implementation of the present resolution;", "6. Draws the attention of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples to the present resolution.", "9 December 2011", "81st plenary meeting", "[1] A/66/68 and Add.1." ]

[ "2011年12月9日大会决议", "[根据特别政治和非殖民化委员会（第四委员会）的报告(A/66/434)通过]", "66/86. 西撒哈拉问题", "大会，", "深入审议了西撒哈拉问题，", "重申按照《联合国宪章》和大会载有《给予殖民地国家和人民独立宣言》的1960年12月14日第1514(XV)号决议中所述各项原则，所有人民都拥有不可剥夺的自决和独立权利，", "确认只要是按照有关人民自由明确表达的意愿，并符合大会1960年12月14日第1514(XV)号、1960年12月15日第1541(XV)号决议和大会其他决议明确规定的原则，实现领土自决的所有备选方案均为有效，", "回顾其2010年12月10日第65/112号决议，", "又回顾大会和安全理事会有关西撒哈拉问题的所有决议，", "还回顾安全理事会1990年6月27日第658(1990)号、1991年4月29日第690(1991)号、2001年6月29日第1359(2001)号、2002年7月30日第1429(2002)号、2003年7月31日第1495(2003)号、2004年4月29日第1541(2004)号、2004年10月28日第1570(2004)号、2005年4月28日第1598(2005)号、2005年10月28日第1634(2005)号、2006年4月28日第1675(2006)号和2006年10月31日第1720(2006)号决议，", "强调安全理事会通过了2007年4月30日第1754(2007)号、2007年10月31日第1783(2007)号、2008年4月30日第1813(2008)号、2009年4月30日第1871(2009)号、2010年4月30日第1920(2010)号和2011年4月27日第1979 (2011)号决议，", "表示满意地注意到各方在负责西撒哈拉问题的秘书长个人特使的主持下并在邻国参与下，于2007年6月18日和19日、2007年8月10日和11日、2008年1月7日至9日以及2008年3月16日至18日举行会晤并商定继续谈判，", "又表示满意地注意到，为了筹备第五轮谈判，秘书长个人特使召集了八次非正式会议，时间和地点如下：2009年8月9日和10日在奥地利迪恩施泰因、2010年2月10日和11日在美利坚合众国纽约韦斯特切斯特县、2010年11月7日至10日、2010年12月16日至18日以及2011年1月21日至23日在纽约长岛、2011年3月7日至9日在马耳他梅利莱、2011年6月5日至7日以及2011年7月19日至21日在长岛，", "呼吁该区域各方和各国与秘书长及其个人特使以及相互之间通力合作，", "重申联合国对西撒哈拉人民负有责任，", "在这方面欢迎秘书长及其个人特使努力寻求互相可以接受的政治解决争端的办法，这将为西撒哈拉人民自决预作准备，", "审查了给予殖民地国家和人民独立宣言执行情况特别委员会2011年报告中的有关章节，[1]", "又审查了秘书长关于西撒哈拉问题的报告，[2]", "1. 表示注意到秘书长的报告；²", "2. 支持安全理事会第1754(2007)号发起并得到安理会第1783(2007)、1813(2008)、1871(2009)、1920(2010)和1979(2011)号决议进一步支持的谈判进程，以期达成公正、持久和相互可以接受的政治解决办法，这将为西撒哈拉人民自决作准备，并赞扬秘书长及其个人特使在这方面所作的努力；", "3. 欢迎各方承诺继续展现政治意愿，在有益于对话的气氛中作出真诚和无先决条件的努力，以进入更密集的谈判阶段，同时注意到2006年以来的努力和发展，从而确保执行安全理事会第1754(2007)、1783(2007)、1813(2008)、1871(2009)、1920(2010)和1979(2011)号决议，并确保谈判取得成功；", "4. 又欢迎各方在2007年6月18日和19日、2007年8月10日和11日、2008年1月7日至9日以及2008年3月16日至18日在邻国参与并在联合国的主持下继续进行谈判；", "5. 吁请各方与红十字国际委员会合作，并吁请它们遵守国际人道主义法规定的义务；", "6. 请给予殖民地国家和人民独立宣言执行情况特别委员会继续审议西撒哈拉局势，并就此向大会第六十七届会议提出报告；", "7. 请秘书长就本决议的执行情况向大会第六十七届会议提出报告。", "2011年12月9日", "第81次全体会议", "[1] 《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第23号》(A/66/23)，第八章。", "[2] A/66/260。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/66/434)]", "66/86. Question of Western Sahara", "The General Assembly,", "Having considered in depth the question of Western Sahara,", "Reaffirming the inalienable right of all peoples to self-determination and independence, in accordance with the principles set forth in the Charter of the United Nations and General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960 containing the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples,", "Recognizing that all available options for self-determination of the Territories are valid as long as they are in accordance with the freely expressed wishes of the people concerned and in conformity with the clearly defined principles contained in General Assembly resolutions 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960 and 1541 (XV) of 15 December 1960 and other resolutions of the Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 65/112 of 10 December 2010,", "Recalling also all resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council on the question of Western Sahara,", "Recalling further Security Council resolutions 658 (1990) of 27 June 1990, 690 (1991) of 29 April 1991, 1359 (2001) of 29 June 2001, 1429 (2002) of 30 July 2002, 1495 (2003) of 31 July 2003, 1541 (2004) of 29 April 2004, 1570 (2004) of 28 October 2004, 1598 (2005) of 28 April 2005, 1634 (2005) of 28 October 2005, 1675 (2006) of 28 April 2006 and 1720 (2006) of 31 October 2006,", "Underlining the adoption of Security Council resolutions 1754 (2007) on 30 April 2007, 1783 (2007) on 31 October 2007, 1813 (2008) on 30 April 2008, 1871 (2009) on 30 April 2009, 1920 (2010) on 30 April 2010 and 1979 (2011) on 27 April 2011,", "Expressing its satisfaction that the parties met on 18 and 19 June 2007, on 10 and 11 August 2007, from 7 to 9 January 2008 and from 16 to 18 March 2008 under the auspices of the Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Western Sahara and in the presence of the neighbouring countries and that they have agreed to continue the negotiations,", "Also expressing its satisfaction at the holding of eight informal meetings convened by the Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General on 9 and 10 August 2009 in Dürnstein, Austria, on 10 and 11 February 2010 in Westchester County, New York, United States of America, from 7 to 10 November 2010, from 16 to 18 December 2010 and from 21 to 23 January 2011, all on Long Island, New York, from 7 to 9 March 2011 in Mellieha, Malta, and from 5 to 7 June 2011 and from 19 to 21 July 2011, both on Long Island, to prepare for the fifth round of negotiations,", "Calling upon all the parties and the States of the region to cooperate fully with the Secretary-General and his Personal Envoy and with each other,", "Reaffirming the responsibility of the United Nations towards the people of Western Sahara,", "Welcoming, in this regard, the efforts of the Secretary-General and his Personal Envoy in search of a mutually acceptable political solution to the dispute, which will provide for the self-determination of the people of Western Sahara,", "Having examined the relevant chapter of the report of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples for 2011,[1]", "Having also examined the report of the Secretary-General on the question of Western Sahara,[2]", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General;²", "2. Supports the process of negotiations initiated by Security Council resolution 1754 (2007) and further sustained by Council resolutions 1783 (2007), 1813 (2008), 1871 (2009), 1920 (2010) and 1979 (2011) with a view to achieving a just, lasting and mutually acceptable political solution, which will provide for the self-determination of the people of Western Sahara, and commends the efforts undertaken by the Secretary-General and his Personal Envoy in this respect;", "3. Welcomes the commitment of the parties to continue to show political will and work in an atmosphere propitious for dialogue, in order to enter into a more intensive phase of negotiations, in good faith and without preconditions, taking note of efforts and developments since 2006, thus ensuring implementation of Security Council resolutions 1754 (2007), 1783 (2007), 1813 (2008), 1871 (2009), 1920 (2010) and 1979 (2011) and the success of negotiations;", "4. Also welcomes the ongoing negotiations between the parties held on 18 and 19 June 2007, on 10 and 11 August 2007, from 7 to 9 January 2008 and from 16 to 18 March 2008 in the presence of the neighbouring countries and under the auspices of the United Nations;", "5. Calls upon the parties to cooperate with the International Committee of the Red Cross, and calls upon them to abide by their obligations under international humanitarian law;", "6. Requests the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples to continue to consider the situation in Western Sahara and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "7. Invites the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session a report on the implementation of the present resolution.", "81st plenary meeting 9 December 2011", "[1]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 23 (A/66/23), chap. VIII.", "[2]  A/66/260." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/66/434)]", "66/86. Question of Western Sahara", "The General Assembly,", "Having considered in depth the question of Western Sahara,", "Reaffirming the inalienable right of all peoples to self-determination and independence, in accordance with the principles set forth in the Charter of the United Nations and General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960 containing the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples,", "Recognizing that all options for self-determination of the Territories are valid as long as they are in accordance with the freely expressed wishes of the peoples concerned and in conformity with the clearly defined principles contained in General Assembly resolutions 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960, 1541 (XV) of 15 December 1960 and other resolutions of the Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 65/112 of 10 December 2010,", "Recalling also all General Assembly and Security Council resolutions on the question of Western Sahara,", "Recalling further Security Council resolutions 658 (1990) of 27 June 1990, 690 (1991) of 29 April 1991, 1359 (2001) of 29 June 2001, 1429 (2002) of 30 July 2002, 1495 (2003) of 31 July 2003, 1541 (2004) of 29 April 2004, 1570 (2004) of 28 October 2004, 1598 (2005) of 28 April 2005, 1634 (2005) of 28 October 2005, 1675 (2006) of 28 April 2006 and 1720 (2006) of 31 October 2006,", "Stressing the adoption of Security Council resolutions 1754 (2007) of 30 April 2007, 1783 (2007) of 31 October 2007, 1813 (2008) of 30 April 2008, 1871 (2009) of 30 April 2009, 1920 (2010) of 30 April 2010 and 1979 (2011) of 27 April 2011,", "Expressing its satisfaction that the parties met on 18 and 19 June 2007, on 10 and 11 August 2007, from 7 to 9 January 2008 and from 16 to 18 March 2008 under the auspices of the Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Western Sahara and in the presence of the neighbouring countries and agreed to continue the negotiations,", "Also expresses its satisfaction that, in preparation for the fifth round of negotiations, the Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General convened eight informal meetings at the following time and venue: In Dienstein, Austria, on 9 and 10 August 2009, Westchester County, New York, United States of America, on 10 and 11 February 2010, from 7 to 10 November 2010, from 16 to 18 December 2010 and from 21 to 23 January 2011 on Long Island, New York, from 7 to 9 March 2011 in Melile, Malta, from 5 to 7 June 2011 and from 19 to 21 July 2011,", "Calling upon all the parties and the States of the region to cooperate fully with the Secretary-General and his Personal Envoy and with each other,", "Reaffirming the responsibility of the United Nations towards the people of Western Sahara,", "Welcoming in this regard the efforts of the Secretary-General and his Personal Envoy in search of a mutually acceptable political solution to the dispute, which will provide for the self-determination of the people of Western Sahara,", "Having examined the relevant chapter of the report of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples for 2011,", "Having also examined the report of the Secretary-General on the question of Western Sahara,[2]", "Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General;2", "2. Supports the process of negotiations initiated by the Security Council in its resolution 1754 (2007) and further supported by the Council in its resolutions 1783 (2007), 1813 (2008), 1871 (2009), 1920 (2010) and 1979 (2011), with a view to achieving a just, lasting and mutually acceptable political solution, which will provide for the self-determination of the people of Western Sahara, and commends the efforts of the Secretary-General and his Personal Envoy in this regard;", "3. Welcomes the commitment of the parties to continue to show political will and to work in an atmosphere conducive to dialogue, in good faith and without preconditions, in order to enter into a more intensive phase of negotiations, while noting the efforts and developments since 2006, thus ensuring the implementation of Security Council resolutions 1754 (2007), 1783 (2007), 1813 (2008), 1871 (2009), 1920 (2010) and 1979 (2011) and the success of negotiations;", "4. Also welcomes the continuing negotiations between the parties on 18 and 19 June 2007, on 10 and 11 August 2007, from 7 to 9 January 2008 and from 16 to 18 March 2008 in the presence of the neighbouring countries and under the auspices of the United Nations;", "5. Calls upon the parties to cooperate with the International Committee of the Red Cross, and calls upon them to abide by their obligations under international humanitarian law;", "6. Requests the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples to continue to consider the situation in Western Sahara and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "7. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the implementation of the present resolution.", "9 December 2011", "81st plenary meeting", "[1] Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 23 (A/66/23), chap. VIII.", "[2] A/66/260." ]

[ "2011年12月9日大会决议", "[根据特别政治和非殖民化委员会（第四委员会）的报告(A/66/434)通过]", "66/87. 新喀里多尼亚问题", "大会，", "审议了新喀里多尼亚问题，", "审查了给予殖民地国家和人民独立宣言执行情况特别委员会2011年报告中关于新喀里多尼亚的章节，[1]", "重申《联合国宪章》所载的人民自决权，", "回顾大会1960年12月14日第1514(XV)号和1960年12月15日第1541(XV)号决议，", "注意到法国当局正在新喀里多尼亚同各阶层人民合作实行积极措施促进该领土政治、经济和社会发展的重要性，其中包括环境保护领域的措施和对毒品滥用和贩毒采取的行动，以便为该领土和平迈向自决提供框架，", "在这方面又注意到公平的经济及社会发展的重要性，以及参与筹备新喀里多尼亚自决行动的新喀里多尼亚有关各方继续对话的重要性，", "还注意到土著人民权利问题特别报告员2011年2月4日至13日访问了新喀里多尼亚，", "满意地注意到新喀里多尼亚与南太平洋区域邻国加强接触，", "1. 欢迎自新喀里多尼亚代表与法国政府代表于1998年5月5日签署《努美阿协议》[2] 以来新喀里多尼亚出现的重大事态发展；", "2. 敦促所有有关各方，以新喀里多尼亚全体人民的利益为重，本着和谐的精神，在《努美阿协议》的框架内继续开展对话，并在这方面，欣见2008年12月8日在巴黎一致达成协议，在2009年向新喀里多尼亚移交权力，并在2009年5月举行省选举；", "3. 注意到《努美阿协议》中旨在使新喀里多尼亚政治和社会组织更广泛地考虑到卡纳克人特性的有关规定，在这方面，欢迎新喀里多尼亚政府2010年8月18日通过关于国歌、国家格言和钞票设计的法律；", "4. 又注意到在国旗问题上仍有争议以及随之而来的内阁危机；", "5. 确认《努美阿协议》中关于管制移民和保护当地就业的规定，并注意到尽管卡纳克人失业率居高不下，但却继续从外国招募矿工；", "6. 注意到新喀里多尼亚一些土著人对领土政府和社会机构内土著人代表人数不足表示的关切；", "7. 又注意到土著人民代表表示关切移徙者不断流入的情况以及采矿对环境的影响；", "8. 表示注意到按照《努美阿协议》的有关规定，新喀里多尼亚可以成为某些国际组织的成员或准成员，例如太平洋区域的国际组织、联合国、联合国教育、科学及文化组织和国际劳工组织，但须依据它们的章程加入；", "9. 注意到《努美阿协议》签字双方议定将解放进程取得的进展提请联合国注意；", "10. 回顾管理国在新体制成立时，邀请一个由太平洋区域各国代表组成的访查团访问新喀里多尼亚；", "11. 注意到新喀里多尼亚与欧洲联盟和欧洲开发基金之间不断加强经济与贸易合作、环境、气候变化和金融服务等领域的关系；", "12. 呼吁管理国根据《联合国宪章》第七十三条(辰)款的规定，继续向秘书长递送情报；", "13. 邀请所有当事各方继续促进该领土和平迈向自决行动的框架，这个框架接纳所有的备选办法，并将依照在“新喀里多尼亚人民自行掌握自身命运”原则基础上订立的《努美阿协议》的文字和精神，保障各阶层人民的权利；", "14. 满意地回顾法国当局为了解决选民登记问题，于2007年2月19日在法国议会全会通过了《法国宪法》修正案，允许新喀里多尼亚规定地方选举中的投票资格以1998年签署《努美阿协议》时已在选民名册上登记的选民为限，从而确保卡纳克人获得强大的代表权；", "15. 注意到法国当局为解决内阁危机作出的努力；", "16. 欢迎为加强和丰富新喀里多尼亚经济各领域而采取的所有措施，并鼓励依照《马提翁协议》和《努美阿协议》的精神推进这种措施；", "17. 又欢迎《马提翁协议》和《努美阿协议》各方重视在新喀里多尼亚住房、就业、培训、教育和保健方面争取更大进步；", "18. 注意到法国政府向领土提供财政援助，用于健康、教育、支付公务员工资以及发展筹资机制等领域；", "19. 表示注意到2011年3月31日在苏瓦举行的第十八次美拉尼西亚先锋集团领导人峰会的结论，包括为年度监测和评估《努美阿协议》提出的各项建议；", "20. 确认美拉尼西亚文化中心对保护新喀里多尼亚土著卡纳克文化的贡献；", "21. 注意到旨在保护新喀里多尼亚自然环境的积极倡议，包括旨在测绘和评估新喀里多尼亚经济区内海洋资源的“区域生态”行动；", "22. 欢迎澳大利亚、法国和新西兰按照法国先后在2003年7月、2006年6月和2009年7月法国-大洋洲首脑会议上表达的愿望，在监测捕鱼区方面进行合作；", "23. 确认新喀里多尼亚和南太平洋各国人民之间的密切联系，以及法国当局和领土当局为促进这些联系的进一步发展而正在采取的积极行动，包括与太平洋岛屿论坛成员国发展更密切的关系以及简化南太平洋国民短期停留签证手续；", "24. 在这方面满意地回顾新喀里多尼亚在2006年10月作为准成员加入太平洋岛屿论坛后，参加了2010年8月4日至5日在维拉港举行的第四十一届太平洋岛屿论坛首脑会议，并欢迎法国政府支持新喀里多尼亚申请成为太平洋岛屿论坛正式成员；", "25. 回顾太平洋区域国家代表团不断对新喀里多尼亚进行高级别访问，以及新喀里多尼亚代表团对太平洋岛屿论坛成员国的高级别访问；", "26. 欢迎区域内其他国家和领土对新喀里多尼亚、对其经济和政治愿望、及其越来越积极地参与区域和国际事务的做法，采取乐于合作的态度；", "27. 又欢迎太平洋岛屿论坛部长级委员会于2010年重新启动关于新喀里多尼亚的对话，以及论坛领导人请论坛秘书处探讨如何增强新喀里多尼亚在论坛的作用和参与；", "28. 回顾2010年5月18日至20日在努美阿举行的给予殖民地国家和人民独立宣言执行情况特别委员会太平洋区域研讨会圆满结束；", "29. 决定继续审查随着《努美阿协议》的签署而在新喀里多尼亚开展的进程；", "30. 请特别委员会继续审查新喀里多尼亚非自治领土的问题，并就此向大会第六十七届会议提出报告。", "2011年12月9日", "第81次全体会议", "[1] 《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第23号》(A/66/23)，第八章。", "[2] A/AC.109/2114，附件。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/66/434)]", "66/87. Question of New Caledonia", "The General Assembly,", "Having considered the question of New Caledonia,", "Having examined the chapter of the report of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples for 2011 relating to New Caledonia,[1]", "Reaffirming the right of peoples to self-determination as enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations,", "Recalling General Assembly resolutions 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960 and 1541 (XV) of 15 December 1960,", "Noting the importance of the positive measures being pursued in New Caledonia by the French authorities, in cooperation with all sectors of the population, to promote political, economic and social development in the Territory, including measures in the area of environmental protection and action with respect to drug abuse and trafficking, in order to provide a framework for its peaceful progress to self-determination,", "Noting also, in this context, the importance of equitable economic and social development, as well as continued dialogue among the parties involved in New Caledonia in the preparation of the act of self-determination of New Caledonia,", "Noting further the visit of the Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples to New Caledonia from 4 to 13 February 2011,", "Noting with satisfaction the intensification of contacts between New Caledonia and neighbouring countries of the South Pacific region,", "1. Welcomes the significant developments that have taken place in New Caledonia since the signing of the Nouméa Accord on 5 May 1998 by the representatives of New Caledonia and the Government of France;[2]", "2. Urges all the parties involved, in the interest of all the people of New Caledonia, to maintain, in the framework of the Nouméa Accord, their dialogue in a spirit of harmony, and in this context welcomes the unanimous agreement, reached in Paris on 8 December 2008, on the transfer of powers to New Caledonia in 2009 and the conduct of provincial elections in May 2009;", "3. Notes the relevant provisions of the Nouméa Accord aimed at taking more broadly into account the Kanak identity in the political and social organization of New Caledonia, and welcomes, in this context, the adoption on 18 August 2010 by the Government of New Caledonia of the law on the anthem, the motto and banknote designs;", "4. Also notes the ongoing difficulties regarding the question of the flag and the ensuing Cabinet crisis;", "5. Acknowledges those provisions of the Nouméa Accord relating to control of immigration and protection of local employment, and notes that unemployment remains high among Kanaks and that recruitment of foreign mine workers continues;", "6. Notes the concerns expressed by a group of indigenous people in New Caledonia regarding their underrepresentation in the Territory’s governmental and social structures;", "7. Also notes the concerns expressed by representatives of indigenous people regarding incessant migratory flows and the impact of mining on the environment;", "8. Takes note of the relevant provisions of the Nouméa Accord to the effect that New Caledonia may become a member or associate member of certain international organizations, such as international organizations in the Pacific region, the United Nations, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and the International Labour Organization, according to their regulations;", "9. Notes the agreement between the signatories to the Nouméa Accord that the progress made in the emancipation process shall be brought to the attention of the United Nations;", "10. Recalls the fact that the administering Power invited to New Caledonia, at the time the new institutions were established, a mission of information which comprised representatives of countries of the Pacific region;", "11. Notes the continuing strengthening of ties between New Caledonia and both the European Union and the European Development Fund in such areas as economic and trade cooperation, the environment, climate change and financial services;", "12. Calls upon the administering Power to continue to transmit to the Secretary-General information as required under Article 73 e of the Charter of the United Nations;", "13. Invites all the parties involved to continue promoting a framework for the peaceful progress of the Territory towards an act of self-determination in which all options are open and which would safeguard the rights of all sectors of the population, according to the letter and the spirit of the Nouméa Accord, which is based on the principle that it is for the populations of New Caledonia to choose how to control their destiny;", "14. Recalls with satisfaction the efforts of the French authorities to resolve the question of voter registration by adopting, in the French Congress of Parliament, on 19 February 2007, amendments to the French Constitution allowing New Caledonia to restrict eligibility to vote in local polls to those voters registered on the 1998 electoral rolls when the Nouméa Accord was signed, thus ensuring strong representation of the Kanak population;", "15. Notes the efforts of the French authorities to address the Cabinet crisis;", "16. Welcomes all measures taken to strengthen and diversify the New Caledonian economy in all fields, and encourages further such measures in accordance with the spirit of the Matignon and Nouméa Accords;", "17. Also welcomes the importance attached by the parties to the Matignon and Nouméa Accords to greater progress in housing, employment, training, education and health care in New Caledonia;", "18. Notes the financial assistance rendered by the Government of France to the Territory in areas such as health, education, payment of public-service salaries and funding development schemes;", "19. Takes note of the conclusions of the eighteenth Melanesian Spearhead Group Leaders Summit, held in Suva on 31 March 2011, including the recommendations for the annual monitoring and assessment of the Nouméa Accord;", "20. Acknowledges the contribution of the Melanesian Cultural Centre to the protection of the indigenous Kanak culture of New Caledonia;", "21. Notes the positive initiatives aimed at protecting the natural environment of New Caledonia, including the “Zonéco” operation designed to map and evaluate marine resources within the economic zone of New Caledonia;", "22. Welcomes the cooperation among Australia, France and New Zealand in terms of surveillance of fishing zones, in accordance with the wishes expressed by France during the France-Oceania Summits in July 2003, June 2006 and July 2009;", "23. Acknowledges the close links between New Caledonia and the peoples of the South Pacific and the positive actions being taken by the French and territorial authorities to facilitate the further development of those links, including the development of closer relations with the countries members of the Pacific Islands Forum and the easing of short-stay visa procedures for countries of the South Pacific;", "24. Recalls with satisfaction, in this regard, the participation of New Caledonia at the forty-first summit of the Pacific Islands Forum, held in Port Vila on 4 and 5 August 2010, following its accession to the Forum as an associate member in October 2006, and welcomes the support of the Government of France for the application by New Caledonia for a full membership in the Pacific Islands Forum;", "25. Recalls the continuing high-level visits to New Caledonia by delegations from countries of the Pacific region and high-level visits by delegations from New Caledonia to countries members of the Pacific Islands Forum;", "26. Welcomes the cooperative attitude of other States and Territories in the region towards New Caledonia, its economic and political aspirations and its increasing participation in regional and international affairs;", "27. Also welcomes the reactivation of dialogue on New Caledonia by the Ministerial Committee of the Pacific Islands Forum in 2010 and the request of Forum leaders to the Forum secretariat to explore ways to expand the role and engagement of New Caledonia in the Forum;", "28. Recalls the successful conclusion of the Pacific regional seminar of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, held in Nouméa from 18 to 20 May 2010;", "29. Decides to keep under continuous review the process unfolding in New Caledonia as a result of the signing of the Nouméa Accord;", "30. Requests the Special Committee to continue the examination of the question of the Non-Self-Governing Territory of New Caledonia and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session.", "81st plenary meeting 9 December 2011", "[1]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 23 (A/66/23), chap. VIII.", "[2]  A/AC.109/2114, annex." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/66/434)]", "66/87. Question of New Caledonia", "The General Assembly,", "Having considered the question of New Caledonia,", "Having examined the chapter of the report of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples for 2011 relating to New Caledonia, [1]", "Reaffirming the right of peoples to self-determination as enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations,", "Recalling General Assembly resolutions 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960 and 1541 (XV) of 15 December 1960,", "Noting the importance of the positive measures being pursued in New Caledonia by the French authorities, in cooperation with all sectors of the population, to promote political, economic and social development in the Territory, including measures in the area of environmental protection and action with regard to drug abuse and trafficking, in order to provide a framework for its peaceful progress to self-determination,", "Noting also, in this context, the importance of equitable economic and social development, as well as continued dialogue among the parties involved in New Caledonia in the preparation of the act of self-determination of New Caledonia,", "Noting further the visit of the Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples to New Caledonia from 4 to 13 February 2011,", "Noting with satisfaction the intensification of contacts between New Caledonia and neighbouring countries of the South Pacific region,", "1. Welcomes the significant developments that have taken place in New Caledonia since the signing of the Nouméa Accord on 5 May 1998 by the representatives of New Caledonia and the Government of France;", "2. Urges all the parties involved, in the interest of all the people of New Caledonia, to maintain, in the framework of the Nouméa Accord, their dialogue in a spirit of harmony, and in this regard welcomes the agreement reached unanimously in Paris on 8 December 2008 to transfer authority to New Caledonia in 2009 and to hold provincial elections in May 2009;", "3. Notes the relevant provisions of the Nouméa Accord aimed at taking more broadly into account the Kanak identity in the political and social organization of New Caledonia, and welcomes, in this regard, the adoption by the Government of New Caledonia on 18 August 2010 of the law on the anthem, the motto of the State and the design of banknotes;", "4. Also notes the continuing controversy over the flag issue and the ensuing Cabinet crisis;", "5. Acknowledges the provisions of the Nouméa Accord relating to control of immigration and protection of local employment, and notes the continued recruitment of mineral workers from abroad despite the high unemployment rate among Kanaks;", "Notes the concerns expressed by a group of indigenous people in New Caledonia regarding their underrepresentation in the Territory's governmental and social structures;", "7. Also takes note of the concerns expressed by representatives of indigenous people about the continuing inflow of migrants and the impact of mining on the environment;", "8. Takes note of the fact that, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Nouméa Accord, New Caledonia may become a member or associate member of certain international organizations, such as international organizations in the Pacific region, the United Nations, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and the International Labour Organization, according to their statutes;", "Notes the agreement between the signatories of the Nouméa Accord that the progress made in the emancipation process shall be brought to the attention of the United Nations;", "Recalls the fact that the administering Power invited to New Caledonia, at the time the new institutions were established, a mission of information which comprised representatives of countries of the Pacific region;", "11. Notes the continuing strengthening of relations between New Caledonia and the European Union and the European Development Fund in such areas as economic and trade cooperation, the environment, climate change and financial services;", "12. Calls upon the administering Powers to continue to transmit to the Secretary-General information as required under Article 73 e of the Charter of the United Nations;", "Invites all the parties involved to continue promoting a framework for the peaceful progress of the Territory towards an act of self-determination in which all options are open and which would safeguard the rights of all sectors of the population, according to the letter and the spirit of the Nouméa Accord, which is based on the principle that the people of New Caledonia are in control of their own destiny;", "14. Recalls with satisfaction the adoption by the French authorities, at the plenary session of the French Parliament on 19 February 2007, of an amendment to the French Constitution allowing New Caledonia to restrict eligibility to vote in local elections to those voters registered on the electoral roll at the time of the signing of the Nouméa Accord in 1998, thus ensuring strong representation of the Kanak people;", "15. Notes the efforts of the French authorities to resolve the Cabinet crisis;", "16. Welcomes all measures taken to strengthen and diversify the New Caledonian economy in all fields, and encourages further such measures in accordance with the spirit of the Matignon and Nouméa Accords;", "17. Also welcomes the importance attached by the parties to the Matignon and Nouméa Accords to greater progress in housing, employment, training, education and health care in New Caledonia;", "18. Notes the financial assistance provided by the Government of France to the Territory in the areas of health, education, payment of civil service salaries and financing for development mechanisms;", "19. Takes note of the conclusions of the eighteenth Melanesian Spearhead Group Leaders Summit, held in Suva on 31 March 2011, including the recommendations for the annual monitoring and assessment of the Nouméa Accord;", "20. Acknowledges the contribution of the Melanesian Cultural Centre to the protection of the indigenous Kanak culture of New Caledonia;", "Notes the positive initiatives aimed at protecting the natural environment of New Caledonia, including the “Zonéco” operation designed to map and evaluate marine resources within the economic zone of New Caledonia;", "22. Welcomes the cooperation between Australia, France and New Zealand in monitoring fishing zones, in accordance with the wishes expressed by France at the France-Oceania Summits in July 2003, June 2006 and July 2009;", "23. Acknowledges the close links between New Caledonia and the peoples of the South Pacific and the positive actions being taken by the French and territorial authorities to facilitate the further development of those links, including the development of closer relations with the countries members of the Pacific Islands Forum and the simplification of short-stay visa procedures for nationals of the South Pacific;", "24. Recalls with satisfaction, in this regard, the participation of New Caledonia at the forty-first Pacific Islands Forum Summit, held in Port Vila from 4 to 5 August 2010, following its accession to the Pacific Islands Forum as an associate member in October 2006, and welcomes the support of the Government of France for the application of New Caledonia for full membership in the Pacific Islands Forum;", "25. Recalls the continuing high-level visits to New Caledonia by delegations from countries of the Pacific region and high-level visits by delegations from New Caledonia to countries members of the Pacific Islands Forum;", "26. Welcomes the cooperative attitude of other States and Territories in the region towards New Caledonia, its economic and political aspirations and its increasing participation in regional and international affairs;", "27. Also welcomes the relaunching of the dialogue on New Caledonia by the Ministerial Committee of the Pacific Islands Forum in 2010, as well as the request by Forum leaders to the Forum secretariat to explore ways to enhance the role and participation of New Caledonia in the Forum;", "28. Recalls the successful conclusion of the Pacific regional seminar of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, held in Nouméa from 18 to 20 May 2010;", "29. Decides to keep under continuous review the process unfolding in New Caledonia with the signing of the Nouméa Accord;", "30. Requests the Special Committee to continue the examination of the question of the Non-Self-Governing Territory of New Caledonia and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session.", "9 December 2011", "81st plenary meeting", "[1] Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 23 (A/66/23), chap. VIII.", "[2] A/AC.109/2114, annex." ]

[ "2011年12月9日大会决议", "[根据特别政治和非殖民化委员会（第四委员会）的报告(A/66/434)通过]", "66/88. 托克劳问题", "大会，", "审议了托克劳问题，", "审查了给予殖民地国家和人民独立宣言执行情况特别委员会2011年报告中关于托克劳的章节，[1]", "回顾其载有《给予殖民地国家和人民独立宣言》的1960年12月14日第1514(XV)号决议和联合国关于非自治领土的所有决议和决定，尤其是大会2010年12月10日第65/114号决议，", "赞赏地注意到新西兰作为管理国继续为特别委员会有关托克劳的工作提供模范合作，并随时准备允许联合国视察团访问该领土，", "又赞赏地注意到新西兰和联合国系统各专门机构及其他组织，特别是联合国开发计划署，为托克劳的发展协力作出贡献，", "注意到托克劳作为小岛屿领土反映了若干尚存的非自治领土的典型状况，又注意到托克劳作为成功合作促进非殖民化的案例研究，对于联合国努力完成其非殖民化工作具有广泛意义，", "又注意到托克劳在联合国粮食及农业组织的联系成员地位，", "回顾新西兰和托克劳于2003年11月签署了题为“关于合作伙伴原则的联合声明”的文件，其中规定了这两个伙伴的权利和职责，", "铭记长老大会在所有三个乡村进行广泛磋商后，于2003年11月决定，正式与新西兰探讨自由结合的自治备选方案；在2005年8月决定在托克劳宪法草案和与新西兰自由结合的条约草案基础上于2006年2月举行一次自决全民投票；随后决定在2007年10月再次举行全民投票；", "1. 注意到托克劳和新西兰仍坚定致力于托克劳目前的发展，以促进托克劳人民的长远利益，尤其强调进一步发展每个环礁的设施，以满足当前的要求；", "2. 欣见在向三个长老会(乡村委员会)下放权力方面取得进展，尤其是自2004年7月1日起向三个长老会下放行政长官的权力，自那天起，每个长老会承担起管理其所有公共事务的全部责任；", "3. 回顾长老大会在所有三个乡村进行广泛磋商，并在托克劳特别制宪委员会举行会议之后，于2003年11月决定与新西兰正式探讨自由结合的自治备选方案，以及后来托克劳与新西兰之间根据长老大会的决定进行了讨论；", "4. 又回顾2005年8月长老大会决定在托克劳宪法草案和与新西兰自由结合条约草案的基础上举行一次自治全民投票，并注意到长老大会颁布了全民投票规则；", "5. 还回顾2006年2月和2007年10月为确定托克劳地位举行了两次全民投票，均未能产生长老大会规定为改变托克劳作为新西兰管理的非自治领土地位所需的有效票三分之二的多数；", "6. 赞扬2006年2月和2007年10月在联合国监察下举行的两次全民投票专业而且透明；", "7. 确认长老大会关于推迟审议任何未来托克劳自决行动的决定，新西兰和托克劳将继续努力并重视确保增进和加强托克劳各环礁的基本服务和基础设施，从而确保提高托克劳人民的生活质量；", "8. 又确认托克劳通过了《2010-2015年国家战略计划》，并确认托克劳和新西兰2011-2015年联合发展承诺将以可行的运输安排、基础设施发展、渔业发展、人力资源能力和加强治理为重点；", "9. 还确认新西兰持续并始终承诺满足托克劳人民的社会和经济要求，并确认联合国开发计划署的支持与合作；", "10. 确认托克劳需要国际社会的持续支助；", "11. 满意地回顾建立和营运托克劳国际信托基金，以支持托克劳持续的需求，并吁请会员国和国际及区域机构向该基金捐款，以便提供切实的支助，协助托克劳克服地域狭仄、孤悬海隅和资源匮乏等问题；", "12. 欢迎该区域的其他国家和领土对托克劳的合作态度，对其经济和政治愿望以及进一步参与区域和国际事务的支持；", "13. 吁请管理国和联合国各机构在托克劳进一步发展的过程中继续向其提供援助；", "14. 欢迎管理国采取行动向秘书长递送关于托克劳政治、经济和社会状况的情报；", "15. 又欢迎托克劳和新西兰均承诺继续为托克劳及其人民的利益共同努力；", "16. 请给予殖民地国家和人民独立宣言执行情况特别委员会继续审查托克劳非自治领土的问题，并就此向大会第六十七届会议提出报告。", "2011年12月9日", "第81次全体会议", "[1] 《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第23号》(A/66/23)，第十章。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/66/434)]", "66/88. Question of Tokelau", "The General Assembly,", "Having considered the question of Tokelau,", "Having examined the chapter of the report of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples for 2011 relating to Tokelau,[1]", "Recalling its resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960, containing the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, and all resolutions and decisions of the United Nations relating to Non-Self-Governing Territories, in particular General Assembly resolution 65/114 of 10 December 2010,", "Noting with appreciation the continuing exemplary cooperation of New Zealand as the administering Power with regard to the work of the Special Committee relating to Tokelau and its readiness to permit access by United Nations visiting missions to the Territory,", "Noting also with appreciation the collaborative contribution to the development of Tokelau by New Zealand and the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system, in particular the United Nations Development Programme,", "Noting that, as a small island Territory, Tokelau exemplifies the situation of most remaining Non-Self-Governing Territories and that, as a case study pointing to successful cooperation for decolonization, Tokelau has wider significance for the United Nations as it seeks to complete its work in decolonization,", "Noting also Tokelau’s associate member status with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,", "Recalling that New Zealand and Tokelau signed in November 2003 a document entitled “Joint statement of the principles of partnership”, which sets out the rights and responsibilities of the two partners,", "Bearing in mind the decision of the General Fono at its meeting in November 2003, following extensive consultations undertaken in all three villages, to explore formally with New Zealand the option of self-government in free association and its decision in August 2005 to hold in February 2006 a referendum on self-determination on the basis of a draft constitution for Tokelau and a draft treaty of free association with New Zealand, and its subsequent decision to hold a further referendum in October 2007,", "1. Notes that Tokelau and New Zealand remain firmly committed to the ongoing development of Tokelau for the long-term benefit of the people of Tokelau, with particular emphasis on the further development of facilities on each atoll that meet their current requirements;", "2. Welcomes the progress made towards the devolution of power to the three taupulega (village councils), in particular the delegation of the Administrator’s powers to the three taupulega with effect from 1 July 2004 and the assumption by each taupulega from that date of full responsibility for the management of all its public services;", "3. Recalls the decision of the General Fono in November 2003, following extensive consultations in all three villages and a meeting of the Special Committee on the Constitution of Tokelau, to explore formally with New Zealand the option of self-government in free association, and the discussions subsequently held between Tokelau and New Zealand pursuant to the decision of the General Fono;", "4. Also recalls the decision of the General Fono in August 2005 to hold a referendum on self-government on the basis of a draft constitution for Tokelau and a draft treaty of free association with New Zealand, and notes the enactment by the General Fono of rules for the referendum;", "5. Further recalls that two referendums to determine the status of Tokelau, held in February 2006 and October 2007, did not produce the two-thirds majority of the valid votes cast required by the General Fono to change Tokelau’s status from that of a Non-Self-Governing Territory under the administration of New Zealand;", "6. Commends the professional and transparent conduct of both the February 2006 and the October 2007 referendums, monitored by the United Nations;", "7. Acknowledges the decision of the General Fono that consideration of any future act of self-determination by Tokelau will be deferred and that New Zealand and Tokelau will devote renewed effort and attention to ensuring that essential services and infrastructure on the atolls of Tokelau are enhanced and strengthened, thereby ensuring an enhanced quality of life for the people of Tokelau;", "8. Also acknowledges Tokelau’s adoption of its National Strategic Plan for 2010–2015 and the fact that the Joint Commitment for Development between Tokelau and New Zealand 2011–2015 will focus on a viable transportation arrangement, infrastructure development, fisheries development, human resources capacity and the strengthening of governance;", "9. Further acknowledges the ongoing and consistent commitment of New Zealand to meeting the social and economic requirements of the people of Tokelau, as well as the support and cooperation of the United Nations Development Programme;", "10. Acknowledges Tokelau’s need for continued support from the international community;", "11. Recalls with satisfaction the establishment and operation of the Tokelau International Trust Fund to support the ongoing needs of Tokelau, and calls upon Member States and international and regional agencies to contribute to the Fund and thereby lend practical support to Tokelau in overcoming the problems of smallness, isolation and lack of resources;", "12. Welcomes the cooperative attitude of the other States and territories in the region towards Tokelau, and their support for its economic and political aspirations and its increasing participation in regional and international affairs;", "13. Calls upon the administering Power and United Nations agencies to continue to provide assistance to Tokelau as it further develops;", "14. Welcomes the actions taken by the administering Power to transmit information regarding the political, economic and social situation of Tokelau to the Secretary-General;", "15. Also welcomes the commitment of both Tokelau and New Zealand to continue to work together in the interests of Tokelau and its people;", "16. Requests the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples to continue to examine the question of the Non-Self-Governing Territory of Tokelau and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session.", "81st plenary meeting 9 December 2011", "[1]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 23 (A/66/23), chap. X." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/66/434)]", "66/88. Question of Tokelau", "The General Assembly,", "Having considered the question of Tokelau,", "Having examined the chapter of the report of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples for 2011 relating to Tokelau, [1]", "Recalling its resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960, containing the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, and all resolutions and decisions of the United Nations relating to Non-Self-Governing Territories, in particular General Assembly resolution 65/114 of 10 December 2010,", "Noting with appreciation the continuing exemplary cooperation of New Zealand as the administering Power with regard to the work of the Special Committee relating to Tokelau and its readiness to permit access by United Nations visiting missions to the Territory,", "Noting also with appreciation the collaborative contribution to the development of Tokelau by New Zealand and the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system, in particular the United Nations Development Programme,", "Noting that, as a small island Territory, Tokelau exemplifies the situation of several remaining Non-Self-Governing Territories and that, as a case study pointing to successful cooperation for decolonization, Tokelau has wider significance for the United Nations as it seeks to complete its work in decolonization,", "Noting also the status of Tokelau as an associate member of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,", "Recalling that New Zealand and Tokelau signed in November 2003 a document entitled “Joint statement of the principles of partnership”, which sets out the rights and responsibilities of the two partners,", "Bearing in mind the decision of the General Fono in November 2003, following extensive consultations in all three villages, to explore formally with New Zealand the option of self-government in free association, its decision in August 2005 to hold a referendum on self-determination in February 2006 on the basis of a draft constitution for Tokelau and a draft treaty of free association with New Zealand, and its subsequent decision to hold a further referendum in October 2007,", "Notes that Tokelau and New Zealand remain firmly committed to the ongoing development of Tokelau for the long-term benefit of the people of Tokelau, with particular emphasis on the further development of facilities on each atoll to meet current requirements;", "2. Welcomes the progress made in the delegation of authority to the three taupulega (village councils), in particular the delegation of the Administrator ' s powers to the three taupulega with effect from 1 July 2004 and the assumption by each taupulega from that date of full responsibility for the management of all its public affairs;", "Recalls the decision of the General Fono in November 2003, following extensive consultations in all three villages and a meeting of the Special Committee on the Constitution of Tokelau, to explore formally with New Zealand the option of self-government in free association, and the subsequent discussions between Tokelau and New Zealand pursuant to the decision of the General Fono;", "4. Also recalls the decision of the General Fono in August 2005 to hold a referendum on self-government on the basis of a draft constitution for Tokelau and a draft treaty of free association with New Zealand, and notes the enactment by the General Fono of rules for the referendum;", "5. Further recalls that two referendums were held in February 2006 and October 2007 to determine the status of Tokelau, which failed to produce the two-thirds majority of the valid votes cast required by the General Fono to change Tokelau ' s status as a Non-Self-Governing Territory under the administration of New Zealand;", "6. Commends the professional and transparent conduct of the two referendums held in February 2006 and October 2007 under United Nations supervision;", "Acknowledges the decision of the General Fono to defer consideration of any future act of self-determination by Tokelau and the continuing efforts and attention of New Zealand and Tokelau to ensure that essential services and infrastructure on the atolls of Tokelau are enhanced and strengthened, thereby ensuring an improved quality of life for the people of Tokelau;", "8. Also acknowledges Tokelau ' s adoption of the National Strategic Plan for 2010-2015, and that the joint development commitment for 2011-2015 between Tokelau and New Zealand will focus on viable transport arrangements, infrastructure development, fisheries development, human resources capacity and strengthening governance;", "Further acknowledges the continuing and consistent commitment of New Zealand to meeting the social and economic requirements of the people of Tokelau, as well as the support and cooperation of the United Nations Development Programme;", "Acknowledges Tokelau's need for continued support from the international community;", "11. Recalls with satisfaction the establishment and operation of the Tokelau International Trust Fund to support the continuing needs of Tokelau, and calls upon Member States and international and regional agencies to contribute to the Fund and thereby lend practical support to Tokelau in overcoming the problems of smallness, isolation and lack of resources;", "Welcomes the cooperative attitude of the other States and Territories in the region towards Tokelau, and their support for its economic and political aspirations and its increased participation in regional and international affairs;", "Calls upon the administering Power and United Nations agencies to continue to provide assistance to Tokelau as it further develops;", "14. Welcomes the actions taken by the administering Power to transmit information regarding the political, economic and social situation of Tokelau to the Secretary-General;", "15. Also welcomes the commitment of both Tokelau and New Zealand to continue to work together in the interests of Tokelau and its people;", "16. Requests the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples to continue to examine the question of the Non-Self-Governing Territory of Tokelau and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session.", "9 December 2011", "81st plenary meeting", "[1] Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 23 (A/66/23), chap. X." ]

[ "2011年12月9日大会决议", "[根据特别政治和非殖民化委员会（第四委员会）的报告(A/66/434)通过]", "66/89. 美属萨摩亚、安圭拉、百慕大、英属维尔京群岛、开曼群岛、关岛、蒙特塞拉特、皮特凯恩、圣赫勒拿、特克斯和凯科斯群岛及美属维尔京群岛的问题", "A 概况", "大会，", "审议了美属萨摩亚、安圭拉、百慕大、英属维尔京群岛、开曼群岛、关岛、蒙特塞拉特、皮特凯恩、圣赫勒拿、特克斯和凯科斯群岛及美属维尔京群岛等非自治领土(下称“领土”)的问题，", "审查了给予殖民地国家和人民独立宣言执行情况特别委员会2011年报告中的有关章节，[1]", "回顾联合国有关这些领土的所有决议和决定，特别包括大会第六十五届会议就此二决议所涉各个领土通过的各项决议，", "认识到只要符合有关人民自由表达的愿望，并符合大会1960年12月14日第1514(XV)号、1960年12月15日第1541(XV)号决议和大会其他决议所载的明确原则，现有的实现领土自决的所有备选方案均为有效，", "回顾其第1541(XV)号决议，其中所载原则应指导会员国确定是否有义务递送《联合国宪章》第七十三条(辰)款要求的情报，", "表示关切在《给予殖民地国家和人民独立宣言》[2] 通过51年之后仍有一些非自治领土存在，", "意识到必须继续有效执行《宣言》，同时考虑到联合国制定的在2020年之前铲除殖民主义的目标及第二个和第三个铲除殖民主义国际十年行动计划，[3]", "认识到需要根据这些领土的具体特点和人民的愿望，以灵活、切合实际、创新的方式处理自决备选方案，而不论领土面积、地理位置、人口数目或自然资源如何，", "注意到大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国政府和美利坚合众国政府就其管理的非自治领土表明的立场，", "又注意到一些非自治领土内的宪政发展影响到内部施政结构，特别委员会已获得有关资料，", "深信领土未来政治地位的发展应继续依循其人民的希望和愿望，并深信全民投票、自由和公平的选举及其他形式的民众磋商在确定人民希望和愿望方面发挥重要作用，", "又深信有关确定领土地位的任何谈判必须在联合国主持下，在该领土人民积极投入和参与的情况下逐一进行，并应查明非自治领土人民对其自决权的看法，", "注意到一些非自治领土表示关切，有些管理国违背领土本身的意愿，通过枢密院令使领土承受管理国的国际条约义务，或通过单方实施法律和条例，修订或颁布适用于领土的立法，", "意识到国际金融和旅游业务对一些非自治领土的经济至关重要，", "注意到非自治领土继续在地方和区域一级合作，包括参加区域组织的工作，", "铭记联合国视察团和特派团是查明领土境内状况的有效途径，并注意到有些领土长期未有任何联合国视察团访问，还有些领土从未有联合国视察团访问，考虑能否在适当时机与有关管理国磋商，根据联合国关于非殖民化的相关决议和决定，再派遣视察团访问这些领土，", "又铭记为使特别委员会更加了解领土人民的政治地位并有效地履行其任务规定，有关管理国必须将领土人民的愿望和期望告知特别委员会，特别委员会也可通过其他有关途径，包括从领土代表那里，获得有关资料，", "确认管理国定期向秘书长递送《宪章》第七十三条(辰)款要求提供的情报，", "意识到领土的民选和委任代表参加委员会的工作，对领土和特别委员会都很重要，", "认识到特别委员会需要确保联合国有关机构积极进行宣传运动，以协助领土人民更好地了解各种自决备选方案，", "铭记在这方面，在加勒比和太平洋区域以及在总部举行的有非自治领土代表积极参与的区域讨论会，为特别委员会提供了履行其任务规定的有用办法；在加勒比和太平洋区域轮流召开的讨论会所具有的区域性质对联合国查明有关领土政治地位的方案来说是一个至关重要的因素，", "注意到非自治领土代表在特别委员会及其区域讨论会上表明的立场，", "铭记2011年加勒比区域讨论会于2011年5月31日至6月2日在金斯敦举行，", "意识到领土特别容易受自然灾害和环境退化的影响，并在这方面铭记经济及社会领域的联合国所有世界会议和大会特别会议的行动纲领或成果文件都适用于这些领土，", "赞赏地注意到联合国系统专门机构及其他组织为一些领土的发展作出的贡献，尤其是联合国开发计划署、拉丁美洲和加勒比经济委员会和亚洲及太平洋经济社会委员会，以及诸如加勒比开发银行、加勒比共同体、东加勒比国家组织、太平洋岛屿论坛等区域机构以及太平洋区域组织理事会各机构,", "注意到拉丁美洲和加勒比经济委员会代表在金斯敦举行的加勒比区域讨论会上发言指出，所有六个加勒比非自治领土均为该经济委员会现任准成员，", "意识到作为《公民及政治权利国际公约》[4] 规定的一部分任务，人权事务委员会审查自决进程的状况，包括特别委员会正在研究的小岛屿领土的自决进程状况，", "回顾特别委员会正努力对其工作进行一次严格审查，目的是作出适当的建设性建议和决定，以期按照其任务规定实现各项目标，", "认识到秘书处编写的关于每一个小领土动态的年度工作文件，[5] 以及专家、学者、非政府组织和其他来源提供的实质性文件和信息，为更新此二决议提供了重要的投入，", "回顾秘书长关于第二个铲除殖民主义国际十年的报告，[6]", "1. 重申非自治领土人民按照《联合国宪章》和载有《给予殖民地国家和人民独立宣言》的大会第1514(XV)号决议享有不可剥夺的自决权；", "2. 又重申在非殖民化进程中，自决原则无可替代，自决也是有关人权公约承认的一项基本人权；", "3. 还重申最终应由领土人民自己按照《宪章》、《宣言》和大会有关决议的有关规定自由决定他们未来的政治地位，为此重申大会长期以来的呼吁，呼吁管理国与领土政府和联合国系统有关机构合作，为领土制定政治教育方案，促使人民认识到他们有权根据大会第1541(XV)号决议和其他相关决议及决定明确规定的原则，按照合法的政治地位备选方案，实行自决；", "4. 强调给予殖民地国家和人民独立宣言执行情况特别委员会必须了解领土人民的见解和意愿，进一步了解他们的状况，包括非自治领土与有关管理国之间的现有政治安排和宪政安排的性质和范围；", "5. 请管理国继续定期向秘书长递送《宪章》第七十三条(辰)款要求提供的情报；", "6. 吁请管理国参与特别委员会的工作，并与特别委员会充分合作，以执行《宪章》第七十三条(辰)款和《宣言》的条款，并告知特别委员会为促进各领土的自治，执行《宪章》第七十三条(丑)款的情况，并鼓励管理国向前往领土的视察团和特派团提供便利；", "7. 重申管理国根据《宪章》有责任促进领土的经济和社会发展并保存其文化特征，并作为优先事项，与有关领土政府磋商，尽可能减轻当前全球金融危机的影响，以实现各领土经济的增强和多样化；", "8. 请领土和管理国采取一切必要措施，保护和养护领土的环境，防止环境退化，并再次请有关专门机构继续监测领土内的环境状况，并按照其程序规则向这些领土提供援助；", "9. 欣见非自治领土参加区域活动，包括参加区域组织的工作；", "10. 强调指出实施第二个和第三个铲除殖民主义国际十年行动计划的重要性，³ 尤其是根据每个非自治领土的个案情况，加速实施非殖民化工作方案，确保定期分析每个领土执行《宣言》的进展和程度，并确保秘书处就每个领土编写的工作文件充分反映这些领土的动态；", "11. 敦促会员国协助联合国努力结合铲除殖民主义国际十年创建一个没有殖民主义的世界，并呼吁会员国继续全力支持特别委员会努力实现这一崇高目标；", "12. 强调指出在大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国和美利坚合众国管理下的各领土由其政府主导各种宪政举措意义重大，其目的是在现有的领土安排中处理内部宪政结构，决定密切关注与这些领土未来政治地位有关的动态；", "13. 请秘书长继续定期向大会报告第三个铲除殖民主义国际十年宣布以来通过的各项非殖民化决议的执行情况；", "14. 再次请人权事务委员会在《公民及政治权利国际公约》⁴ 所载关于自决权的任务规定框架内与特别委员会合作，以便交流资料，因为人权事务委员会受权审查特别委员会职权范围内的许多非自治领土的情况，包括政治和宪政动态；", "15. 请特别委员会与经济及社会理事会及其下属有关政府间机构在它们各自任务规定框架内继续合作，以交换关于这些机构审查的那些非自治领土动态的信息；", "16. 又请特别委员会继续审查非自治领土的问题，并就此问题和本决议的执行情况向大会第六十七届会议提出报告。", "2011年12月9日", "第81次全体会议", "B 各个领土", "大会，", "参照以上决议A，", "一 美属萨摩亚", "表示注意到秘书处编写的关于美属萨摩亚的工作文件[7] 和其他有关资料，", "注意到美属萨摩亚总督代表在2011年5月31日至6月2日于金斯敦举行的加勒比区域讨论会上发言，指出该领土继续坚持应将其从联合国非自治领土名单除名的立场，认为在尊重管理国和联合国的关切事项的同时应在现时力争政治和经济上的进展，并应敦促各管理国递送关于各自非自治领土的情报，供给予殖民地国家和人民独立宣言执行情况特别委员会审议，", "意识到按照美国法律，内政部长对美属萨摩亚拥有行政管辖权，[8]", "注意到管理国的立场和美属萨摩亚代表在包括2011年加勒比区域讨论会在内的各区域讨论会上的发言中邀请特别委员会向该领土派遣视察团，", "意识到未来政治地位研究委员会于2006年完成工作并于2007年1月发表了载有建议的报告；在领土设立了美属萨摩亚宪法审查委员会；2010年6月举行了美属萨摩亚第四次制宪会议，", "注意到在此方面美属萨摩亚总督代表在2011年加勒比区域讨论会上的发言和先前提交给特别委员会的政策文件，其中指出鉴于十年来民意倾向加入美利坚合众国，领土希望在政治地位、地方自治和自治问题上取得进展,", "确认领土政府在2011年加勒比区域讨论会等场合表示某些联邦法律对领土经济的影响令人深感关切，", "意识到美属萨摩亚仍然是唯一一个从管理国获得领土政府运作所需财政援助的美属领土，", "1. 表示注意到选民们在2010年11月的大选中否决了对2010年6月第四次制宪会议通过的美属萨摩亚1967年订正宪法的修正提案；", "2. 欣见领土政府开展工作，推动在政治地位、地方自治和自治问题上取得进展，以期在政治和经济上取得进展；", "3. 表示赞赏美属萨摩亚总督2011年邀请给予殖民地国家和人民独立宣言执行情况特别委员会派视察团前往该领土，吁请管理国依照领土政府的愿望为视察团提供便利，并请特别委员会主席为此采取一切必要措施；", "4. 请管理国按照《联合国宪章》第七十三条(丑)款的规定，为领土开展与一项提高公众认识方案有关的工作提供便利，并为此吁请联合国有关组织应请求向领土提供援助；", "5. 吁请管理国协助领土政府实现领土经济的多样化和可持续性，并处理就业和生活费问题；", "6. 欢迎于2011年邀请美属萨摩亚成为太平洋岛屿论坛观察员；", "二 安圭拉", "表示注意到秘书处编写的关于安圭拉的工作文件[9] 以及其他有关资料，", "回顾2003年由领土政府担任东道主并由管理国促成在安圭拉举行的加勒比区域讨论会，这是该讨论会第一次在非自治领土举行，", "又回顾安圭拉代表在2009年5月12日至14日在圣基茨和尼维斯弗里吉特湾举行的加勒比区域讨论会上的发言，", "注意到2006年领土政府恢复了内部宪政审查进程，宪政和选举改革委员会开展了工作并于2006年8月编写了报告，于2007年举行了公开会议和其他协商会议讨论准备提交管理国的拟议宪法修正案，2008年决定成立由领土政府官员、议会议员和律师组成的起草小组起草新宪法，以及2009年提交宪法草案在领土内公共协商，预期将与大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国讨论草案案文，既期实现全面内部自治，又不堵绝独立之途，", "意识到领土政府与管理国之间的关系因预算和经济问题而存在某些困难，以及领土政府计划继续致力于高端旅游，以努力促进当地的就业机会，", "注意到领土作为准成员参加加勒比共同体、东加勒比国家组织及拉丁美洲和加勒比经济委员会，", "意识到东加勒比国家组织各国总理在2011年表示愿意协助领土政府解决其与大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国政府的关系中面临的困难，", "1. 再次欣见2009年提交了一项新宪法供公共协商，以期在2010年与管理国进一步讨论该新宪法，并敦促尽快结束宪法讨论；", "2. 请管理国应请求协助领土开展目前推动内部宪政审查的工作；", "3. 强调指出领土政府以前就特别委员会派遣视察团表示的愿望意义重大，吁请管理国依照领土的愿望为视察团提供便利，并请特别委员会主席为此采取一切必要措施；", "4. 请管理国依照《联合国宪章》第七十三条(丑)款协助领土推动其关于公众协商外联活动的工作，并在这方面吁请联合国有关组织应请求向领土提供援助；", "5. 吁请管理国酌情借助必要的区域支持，协助领土政府加强其在经济领域，包括预算事项方面的承诺；", "6. 欢迎领土积极参与拉丁美洲和加勒比经济委员会的工作；", "三 百慕大", "表示注意到秘书处编写的关于百慕大的工作文件[10] 以及其他有关资料，", "回顾百慕大代表在2009年5月12日至14日在圣基茨和尼维斯弗里吉特湾举行的加勒比区域讨论会上的发言，", "意识到领土各政党在领土未来地位问题上意见分歧，注意到2011年1月当地媒体进行了一项调查，根据此项调查，73%的答复者不希望断绝与管理国大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国的关系，14%的答复者赞成独立，", "回顾在领土政府的请求下，并经管理国同意，2005年派一个联合国特派团前往百慕大，向领土人民介绍联合国在自决进程中的作用，大会第1541(XV)号决议明确规定的合法政治地位备选方案，以及其他已取得全面自治的小国的经验，", "1. 强调指出2005年百慕大独立问题委员会的报告意义重大，该报告深入研究了与独立有关的事实，并继续遗憾地注意到召开公众会议的计划，以及先向议会提交一份概述百慕大独立的政策提案的《绿皮书》、再提交一份《白皮书》的计划至今未能实现；", "2. 请管理国依照《联合国宪章》第七十三条(丑)款，协助推动领土关于公众教育外联活动的工作，并在这方面吁请联合国有关组织应请求向领土提供援助；", "四 英属维尔京群岛", "表示注意到秘书处编写的关于英属维尔京群岛的工作文件[11] 以及其他有关资料，", "注意到英属维尔京群岛代表在2011年5月31日至6月2日于金斯敦举行的加勒比区域讨论会上发言指出，独立并不是领土人民经常讨论的事项，因为民众并未要求在与管理国的关系上发生此类急剧变化，目前正在审查指导与管理国关系的政策框架，", "回顾宪政专员1993年提出的报告，1996年领土议会关于该报告的辩论，2004年成立了宪政审查委员会，2005年该委员会完成了报告编写工作，其中载有关于内部宪政现代化的建议，2005年领土议会就该报告进行了辩论，还回顾管理国与领土政府之间的谈判促成领土的新《宪法》在2007年获得通过，", "注意到英属维尔京群岛代表在上文所述2011年加勒比区域讨论会上的发言中认为，有进一步进行宪法审查的余地，以便在领土实际和有效执行2007年《宪法》条款，", "意识到全球经济放慢对领土金融和旅游服务部门增长造成的负面影响，这种影响的严重程度在2010-2011年度可能会有所降低，", "认识到区域联系对小岛屿领土发展的潜在好处，", "1. 回顾英属维尔京群岛的《宪法》于2007年生效，并强调指出继续讨论宪政问题的重要性，以便赋予领土政府有效执行2007年《宪法》方面更大的责任；", "2. 请管理国依照《联合国宪章》第七十三条(丑)款，协助领土推动公众外联活动，并在这方面吁请联合国有关组织应请求向领土提供协助；", "3. 欢迎领土作出努力，加强其金融服务业监管机制，并为其旅游业寻求新的非传统市场；", "4. 又欢迎领土积极参与拉丁美洲和加勒比经济委员会的工作；", "5. 还欢迎领土与美属维尔京群岛之间的维尔京群岛间理事会于2011年5月12日首次举行领土政府首脑会议；", "五 开曼群岛", "表示注意到秘书处编写的关于开曼群岛的工作文件[12] 以及其他有关资料，", "回顾领土政府代表在2010年5月18日至20日于努美阿举行的太平洋区域讨论会上的发言，", "意识到宪政现代化审查委员会2002年的报告，其中载有一部宪法草案，供领土人民审议，2003年管理国提出的宪法草案和领土与管理国之间随后在2003年进行的讨论，以及管理国与领土政府之间2006年恢复讨论内部宪政现代化问题，致使新宪法草案于2009年2月拟订完成，随后在2009年5月的全民投票中获得接受，并在2009年11月颁布，", "意识到按照2009年《宪法》设立的新制宪委员会作为有关制宪问题的咨询机构所开展的工作，", "确认领土政府的观点，尽管全球经济下滑，并存在失业问题，但领土的金融服务业和旅游业将帮助维持强劲的经济，", "1. 回顾2009年生效的《宪法》，并强调指出新制宪委员会的工作，包括在领土开展人权教育的重要性；", "2. 请管理国依照《联合国宪章》第七十三条(丑)款协助领土推动其关于公众认识外联活动的工作，并在这方面吁请联合国有关组织应请求向领土提供援助；", "3. 欢迎领土积极参与拉丁美洲和加勒比经济委员会的工作；", "4. 又欢迎领土政府努力在各经济部门执行部门管理政策，如为投资提供便利和监管投资、促进医疗和体育旅游以及减轻失业方案；", "六 关 岛", "表示注意到秘书处编写的关于关岛的工作文件[13] 及其他有关资料，", "注意到关岛总督代表在2011年5月31日至6月2日于金斯敦举行的加勒比区域讨论会上发言指出，领土政府坚定致力于关岛查莫罗人民不可剥夺的自决权利，希望与管理国建立尊重和考虑所有利益的伙伴关系，并认为一般而言军事化阻碍非殖民化，", "意识到按照美国法律，除非另属联邦某部门的方案责任，领土政府与联邦政府关系中所有事务，均由内政部长行使全面行政管辖，[14]", "回顾在1987年举行的全民投票中，关岛已登记和有资格的选民支持一项《关岛联邦法》草案，草案将为领土与管理国的关系制定新的框架，规定关岛享有更大程度的内部自治，并确认关岛查莫罗人民为领土进行自决的权利,", "又回顾领土当选代表和非政府组织在2011年加勒比区域讨论会等场合要求在查莫罗人民自决之前，考虑到他们的合法权利和利益，不要将关岛从特别委员会有关的非自治领土名单上删除，", "意识到管理国与领土政府就《关岛联邦法》草案的谈判已于1997年结束，关岛随后建立了不具约束力的公民投票进程，由有资格的查莫罗选民投票决定自决，", "意识到管理国继续实施将联邦剩余土地移交关岛政府方案十分重要，", "注意到领土人民要求改革管理国关于彻底、无条件和迅速将土地财产移交关岛人民的方案，", "意识到民间社会和其他方面，包括在2009年10月和2010年10月大会特别政治和非殖民化委员会(第四委员会)会议上和在2010年5月18日至20日于努美阿举行的太平洋区域讨论会以及2011年加勒比区域讨论会上，对管理国计划向领土转移更多军事人员可能造成社会、文化、经济和环境影响深表关切，", "认识到人口移入关岛已造成土著查莫罗人在自己家园中成为少数民族，", "1. 再次吁请管理国考虑查莫罗人民就查莫罗自治问题所表达的意愿，该意愿得到参加1987年全民投票的关岛选民的支持，并于此后在关于查莫罗人自决的关岛法律中作了规定，同时鼓励管理国和领土政府就此事项进行谈判，强调指出必须不断密切监测领土的总体局势；", "2. 请管理国与领土政府合作，继续将土地移交领土的原土地所有人；继续承认和尊重关岛查莫罗人民的政治权利及文化和族裔特性，并采取一切必要措施，处理领土政府对人口移入问题的关切；", "3. 又请管理国依照《联合国宪章》第七十三条(丑)款，协助领土推动公众外联活动，并在这方面吁请联合国有关组织应请求向领土提供援助，并欢迎领土政府最近的外联工作，包括召开2011年查莫罗论坛；", "4. 还请管理国合作制定方案，促进领土经济活动和企业的可持续发展，同时注意到查莫罗人民在关岛的发展中的特殊作用；", "5. 欢迎于2011年邀请关岛成为太平洋岛屿论坛观察员；", "七 蒙特塞拉特", "表示注意到秘书处编写的关于蒙特塞拉特的工作文件[15] 及其他有关资料，", "回顾蒙特塞拉特代表在2009年5月12日至14日于圣基茨和尼维斯弗里吉特湾举行的加勒比区域讨论会上的发言，", "意识到2002年宪政审查委员会的报告，2005年召集了一个议会委员会审查该报告，以及随后与管理国就给予领土政府更大自治权的宪法草案展开的谈判进程，新当选的领土政府2010年努力继续与管理国谈判宪政改革的进程，并公布了双方商定的宪法草案供公共协商，", "注意到新《宪法》于2010年得到核准，领土政府努力更新领土立法的有关部分，以便《宪法》于2011年生效，", "意识到蒙特塞拉特继续获得管理国的预算援助，用于领土政府的运作，", "回顾2009年加勒比区域讨论会与会者发言鼓励管理国为满足领土的特别需要承付充分的资源，", "关切地注意到1995年火山爆发造成的后果仍在持续，火山爆发导致领土四分之三的人口疏散到岛上安全地区以及领土以外的地区，这种情况继续对该岛经济产生持久影响，", "确认加勒比共同体成员国，特别是安提瓜和巴布达，继续援助领土，该国为离开领土的数以千计的人士提供了安全庇护和使用教育和保健设施及就业的机会，", "注意到管理国和领土政府继续努力应对火山爆发造成的后果，", "1. 回顾领土政府和管理国在完成修订领土宪法谈判方面取得的进展，并欣见领土新《宪法》得到核准；", "2. 请管理国依照《联合国宪章》第七十三条(丑)款，推动领土关于公众外联活动的工作，以此来协助领土，并在这方面吁请联合国相关组织应请求向领土提供援助；", "3. 欢迎领土积极参与拉丁美洲和加勒比经济委员会的工作；", "4. 吁请管理国、联合国系统各专门机构和其他组织以及各区域组织和其他组织继续向领土提供援助，以减轻火山爆发造成的后果；", "八 皮特凯恩", "表示注意到秘书处编写的关于皮特凯恩的工作文件[16] 及其他有关资料，", "考虑到皮特凯恩在人口、面积和出入方面的特性，", "意识到在2009年的协商后，包括人权条款的2010年《皮特凯恩宪法命令》于2010年3月在领土生效，", "又意识到管理国与领土政府在与领土人民协商的基础上，为加强领土的行政能力实施了新的治理结构，皮特凯恩继续获得管理国的预算援助，用于领土政府的运作，", "1. 回顾特载新的宪法框架和人权条款的2010年《皮特凯恩宪法命令》于2010年3月在领土生效，管理国和领土政府作出各种努力，向领土进一步移交施政责任，以逐步扩大自治，包括通过培训当地人员；", "2. 请管理国依照《联合国宪章》第七十三条(丑)款，协助领土推动关于公众外联活动的工作，并在这方面吁请联合国有关组织应请求向领土提供援助；", "3. 又请管理国继续提供援助，改善领土居民的经济、社会、教育和其他方面的状况，并继续与领土政府讨论如何最好地支持皮特凯恩的社会经济安全；", "九 圣赫勒拿", "表示注意到秘书处编写的关于圣赫勒拿的工作文件[17] 及其他有关资料，", "回顾圣赫勒拿代表在2009年5月12日至14日于圣基茨和尼维斯弗里吉特湾举行的加勒比区域讨论会上的发言，", "考虑到圣赫勒拿在人口、地理和自然资源方面的独特性，", "意识到2001年以来在领土政府主导下进行了内部宪政审查工作，2003和2004年管理国与领土政府之间的谈判后完成了宪法草案，2005年5月在圣赫勒拿举行了关于新宪法的协商投票和随后制订了宪法草案修订案，2008年6月公布了宪法草案修订案供进一步公共协商，以及2009年9月1日圣赫勒拿、阿森松和特里斯坦达库尼亚新宪法生效，", "认识到圣赫勒拿继续接受管理国的预算援助，用于领土政府的运作，", "意识到管理国和领土政府努力改善圣赫勒拿人民的社会经济状况，特别是在就业以及运输和通信基础设施等领域，", "注意到领土为解决岛上失业问题作出的努力，以及管理国和领土政府为处理这一问题采取的联合行动，", "又注意到改进圣赫勒拿基础设施和交通便利的重要性，在这方面又注意到管理国在2010年宣布计划在圣赫勒拿岛修建机场，", "1. 强调指出领土2009年《宪法》的重要性；", "2. 请管理国依照《联合国宪章》第七十三条(丑)款，协助领土推动关于公众外联活动的工作，并在此方面吁请联合国有关组织应请求向领土提供援助；", "3. 请管理国以及有关的国际组织继续支助领土政府努力应对领土在社会经济发展方面的挑战，包括失业及运输和通信基础设施有限的问题；", "4. 吁请管理国在尽快解决修建机场方面未决问题的同时，考虑到圣赫勒拿独特的地理特征；", "十 特克斯和凯科斯群岛", "表示注意到秘书处编写的关于特克斯和凯科斯群岛的工作文件[18] 及其他有关资料，", "回顾特克斯和凯科斯群岛代表在2009年5月12日至14日于圣基茨和尼维斯弗里吉特湾举行的加勒比区域讨论会上的发言，", "又回顾2006年在领土政府的请求下，经管理国同意，向特克斯和凯科斯群岛派遣了联合国特派团，", "意识到宪政现代化审查机构2002年的报告，并确认管理国与领土政府商定并于2006年生效的《宪法》，", "注意到管理国决定根据独立调查团的建议及管理国上诉法院的裁决，暂停特克斯和凯科斯群岛2006年宪法中有关受陪审团审判的宪法权利，行政政府和议会等规定，及于2011年提出宪法草案供公共协商，并颁布领土新宪法，", "又注意到领土的选举继续延期，", "确认全球经济放缓及其它有关事态对作为领土经济支柱的旅游业和相关不动产开发造成的影响，以及2010-2011年度财政稳定计划意在刺激领土私营部门发展，", "1. 严重关切地注意到特克斯和凯科斯群岛当前局势，也注意到管理国力图在领土恢复善治，包括颁布2011年新宪法，以及恢复健全的财政管理；", "2. 呼吁尽快通过选出的领土政府，恢复代议制民主的宪政安排；", "3. 注意到加勒比共同体和不结盟国家运动的立场，它们一再呼吁作为紧急事项恢复民主选举产生的领土政府，又注意到管理国认为选举延期不会超过必要时间；", "4. 又注意到制宪和选举改革顾问发起了广泛的公共协商，领土内就制宪和选举改革开展了持续辩论，并强调指出所有团体和有关各方参与协商进程的重要性；", "5. 强调指出务必在全民协商机制的基础上，为领土制定一部反映领土人民愿望和希望的《宪法》；", "6. 请管理国依照《联合国宪章》第七十三条(丑)款，协助领土推动关于公众外联活动的工作，并在此方面吁请联合国有关组织应请求向领土提供援助；", "7. 欢迎领土积极参与拉丁美洲和加勒比经济委员会的工作；", "8. 又欢迎领土政府正在不断努力，处理需要注意加强全领土社会经济发展的问题；", "十一 美属维尔京群岛", "表示注意到秘书处编写的关于美属维尔京群岛的工作文件[19] 及其他有关资料，", "意识到按照美国法律，除非另属联邦某部门的方案责任，领土政府与联邦政府关系中所有事务，均由内政部长行使全面行政管辖，[20]", "又意识到领土为审查组织内部施政安排的现行《订正组织法》而进行的第五次尝试，以及领土向管理国和联合国系统提出的援助其公共教育方案的请求，", "认识到于2009年提出了宪法草案，随后提交管理国，管理国于2010年请领土考虑管理国对宪法草案的反对意见，", "又认识到区域联系对小岛屿领土发展的潜在好处，", "1. 欣见作为美属维尔京群岛第五次制宪会议的工作成果，2009年领土提出了宪法草案供管理国审查，并请管理国协助领土政府实现其政治、经济和社会目标，特别是顺利完成正在开展的内部制宪会议行动；", "2. 请管理国在领土商定宪法提案后，立即推动美国国会批准该提案的进程，并推动其实施；", "3. 又请管理国依照《联合国宪章》第七十三条(丑)款，协助领土推动关于公众教育方案的工作，并在这方面吁请联合国有关组织应请求向领土提供援助；", "4. 再次要求按照其他非自治领土的参与情况，将领土纳入联合国开发计划署的区域方案。", "5. 欢迎领土积极参与拉丁美洲和加勒比经济委员会的工作；", "6. 又欢迎领土与英属维尔京群岛之间的维尔京群岛间理事会于2011年5月12日首次举行领土政府首脑会议。", "2011年12月9日", "第81次全体会议", "[1] 《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第23号》(A/66/23)，第九章。", "[2] 第1514(XV)号决议。", "[3] 见A/56/61,附件和第65/119号决议。", "[4] 见第2200A(XXI)号决议，附件。", "[5] A/AC.109/2011/2、4至12和15。", "[6] A/65/330和Add.1。", "[7] A/AC.109/2011/12。", "[8] 美国国会，1929年(48 U.S.C.Sec.1661,45 Stat.1253)和经修正的1951年美利坚合众国内政部第2657号部长令。", "[9] A/AC.109/2011/2。", "[10] A/AC.109/2011/5。", "[11] A/AC.109/2011/6。", "[12] A/AC.109/2011/8。", "[13] A/AC.109/2011/15。", "[14] 美国国会，经修正的1950年《关岛组织法》。", "[15] A/AC.109/2011/11。", "[16] A/AC.109/2011/4。", "[17] A/AC.109/2011/7。", "[18] A/AC.109/2011/10。", "[19] A/AC.109/2011/9。", "[20] 美国国会，1954年《订正组织法》。" ]

[ "Resolutions adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/66/434)]", "66/89. Questions of American Samoa, Anguilla, Bermuda, the British Virgin Islands, the Cayman Islands, Guam, Montserrat, Pitcairn, Saint Helena, the Turks and Caicos Islands and the United States Virgin Islands", "A", "GENERAL", "The General Assembly,", "Having considered the questions of the Non-Self-Governing Territories of American Samoa, Anguilla, Bermuda, the British Virgin Islands, the Cayman Islands, Guam, Montserrat, Pitcairn, Saint Helena, the Turks and Caicos Islands and the United States Virgin Islands, hereinafter referred to as “the Territories”,", "Having examined the relevant chapter of the report of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples for 2011,[1]", "Recalling all resolutions and decisions of the United Nations relating to those Territories, including, in particular, the resolutions adopted by the General Assembly at its sixty-fifth session on the individual Territories covered by the present resolutions,", "Recognizing that all available options for self-determination of the Territories are valid as long as they are in accordance with the freely expressed wishes of the peoples concerned and in conformity with the clearly defined principles contained in General Assembly resolutions 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960, 1541 (XV) of 15 December 1960 and other resolutions of the Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 1541 (XV), containing the principles that should guide Member States in determining whether or not an obligation exists to transmit the information called for under Article 73 e of the Charter of the United Nations,", "Expressing concern that fifty-one years after the adoption of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples,[2] there still remain a number of Non-Self-Governing Territories,", "Conscious of the importance of continuing effective implementation of the Declaration, taking into account the target set by the United Nations to eradicate colonialism by 2020 and the plans of action for the Second and Third International Decades for the Eradication of Colonialism,[3]", "Recognizing that the specific characteristics and the aspirations of the peoples of the Territories require flexible, practical and innovative approaches to the options for self-determination, without any prejudice to territorial size, geographical location, size of population or natural resources,", "Noting the stated position of the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the stated position of the Government of the United States of America on the Non-Self-Governing Territories under their administration,", "Noting also the constitutional developments in some Non-Self-Governing Territories affecting the internal structure of governance about which the Special Committee has received information,", "Convinced that the wishes and aspirations of the peoples of the Territories should continue to guide the development of their future political status and that referendums, free and fair elections and other forms of popular consultation play an important role in ascertaining the wishes and aspirations of the people,", "Convinced also that any negotiations to determine the status of a Territory must take place with the active involvement and participation of the people of that Territory, under the aegis of the United Nations, on a case-by-case basis, and that the views of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories in respect of their right to self-determination should be ascertained,", "Noting that a number of Non-Self-Governing Territories have expressed concern at the procedure followed by some administering Powers, contrary to the wishes of the Territories themselves, of amending or enacting legislation for application to the Territories, either through orders in council, in order to apply to the Territories the international treaty obligations of the administering Power, or through the unilateral application of laws and regulations,", "Aware of the importance of the international financial services and tourism sectors for the economies of some of the Non-Self-Governing Territories,", "Noting the continued cooperation of the Non-Self-Governing Territories at the local and regional levels, including participation in the work of regional organizations,", "Mindful that United Nations visiting and special missions provide an effective means of ascertaining the situation in the Territories, that some Territories have not received a United Nations visiting mission for a long time and that no visiting missions have been sent to some of the Territories, and considering the possibility of sending further visiting missions to the Territories at an appropriate time, in consultation with the relevant administering Powers and in accordance with the relevant resolutions and decisions of the United Nations on decolonization,", "Mindful also that, in order for the Special Committee to enhance its understanding of the political status of the peoples of the Territories and to fulfil its mandate effectively, it is important for it to be apprised by the relevant administering Powers and to receive information from other appropriate sources, including the representatives of the Territories, concerning the wishes and aspirations of the peoples of the Territories,", "Acknowledging the regular transmission by the administering Powers to the Secretary-General of information called for under Article 73 e of the Charter,", "Aware of the importance both to the Territories and to the Special Committee of the participation of elected and appointed representatives of the Territories in the work of the Committee,", "Recognizing the need for the Special Committee to ensure that the appropriate bodies of the United Nations actively pursue a public awareness campaign aimed at assisting the peoples of the Territories in gaining a better understanding of the options for self-determination,", "Mindful, in this connection, that the holding of regional seminars in the Caribbean and Pacific regions and at Headquarters, with the active participation of representatives of the Non-Self-Governing Territories, provides a helpful means for the Special Committee to fulfil its mandate, and that the regional nature of the seminars, which alternate between the Caribbean and the Pacific, is a crucial element in the context of a United Nations programme for ascertaining the political status of the Territories,", "Noting the stated positions of the representatives of the Non-Self-Governing Territories before the Special Committee and at its regional seminars,", "Mindful that the 2011 Caribbean regional seminar was held in Kingstown from 31 May to 2 June 2011,", "Conscious of the particular vulnerability of the Territories to natural disasters and environmental degradation, and, in this connection, bearing in mind the applicability to the Territories of the programmes of action or outcome documents of all United Nations world conferences and special sessions of the General Assembly in the economic and social spheres,", "Noting with appreciation the contribution to the development of some Territories by the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system, in particular the United Nations Development Programme, the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean and the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, as well as regional institutions such as the Caribbean Development Bank, the Caribbean Community, the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States, the Pacific Islands Forum and the agencies of the Council of Regional Organizations in the Pacific,", "Noting the statement by the representative of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean at the Caribbean regional seminar in Kingstown that all six Caribbean Non-Self-Governing Territories are active associate members of the Economic Commission,", "Aware that the Human Rights Committee, as part of its mandate under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,[4] reviews the status of the self-determination process, including in small island Territories under examination by the Special Committee,", "Recalling the ongoing efforts of the Special Committee in carrying out a critical review of its work with the aim of making appropriate and constructive recommendations and decisions to attain its objectives in accordance with its mandate,", "Recognizing that the annual working papers prepared by the Secretariat on developments in each of the small Territories,[5] as well as the substantive documentation and information furnished by experts, scholars, non-governmental organizations and other sources, have provided important inputs to update the present resolutions,", "Recalling the report of the Secretary-General on the Second International Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism,[6]", "1. Reaffirms the inalienable right of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories to self-determination, in conformity with the Charter of the United Nations and with General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV), containing the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples;", "2. Also reaffirms that, in the process of decolonization, there is no alternative to the principle of self-determination, which is also a fundamental human right, as recognized under the relevant human rights conventions;", "3. Further reaffirms that it is ultimately for the peoples of the Territories themselves to determine freely their future political status in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Charter, the Declaration and the relevant resolutions of the General Assembly, and in that connection reiterates its long-standing call for the administering Powers, in cooperation with the territorial Governments and appropriate bodies of the United Nations system, to develop political education programmes for the Territories in order to foster an awareness among the people of their right to self-determination in conformity with the legitimate political status options, based on the principles clearly defined in Assembly resolution 1541 (XV) and other relevant resolutions and decisions;", "4. Stresses the importance of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples being apprised of the views and wishes of the peoples of the Territories and enhancing its understanding of their conditions, including the nature and scope of the existing political and constitutional arrangements between the Non-Self-Governing Territories and their respective administering Powers;", "5. Requests the administering Powers to continue to transmit regularly to the Secretary-General information called for under Article 73 e of the Charter;", "6. Calls upon the administering Powers to participate in and cooperate fully with the work of the Special Committee in order to implement the provisions of Article 73 e of the Charter and the Declaration and in order to advise the Special Committee on the implementation of the provisions under Article 73 b of the Charter on efforts to promote self-government in the Territories, and encourages the administering Powers to facilitate visiting and special missions to the Territories;", "7. Reaffirms the responsibility of the administering Powers under the Charter to promote the economic and social development and to preserve the cultural identity of the Territories, and, as a priority, to mitigate the effects of the current global financial crisis where possible, in consultation with the territorial Governments concerned, towards the strengthening and diversification of their respective economies;", "8. Requests the Territories and the administering Powers to take all measures necessary to protect and conserve the environment of the Territories against any degradation, and once again requests the specialized agencies concerned to continue to monitor environmental conditions in the Territories and to provide assistance to those Territories, consistent with their prevailing rules of procedure;", "9. Welcomes the participation of the Non-Self-Governing Territories in regional activities, including the work of regional organizations;", "10. Stresses the importance of implementing the plans of action for the Second and Third International Decades for the Eradication of Colonialism,³ in particular by expediting the application of the work programme for the decolonization of each Non-Self-Governing Territory, on a case-by-case basis, as well as by ensuring that periodic analyses are undertaken of the progress and extent of the implementation of the Declaration in each Territory, and that the working papers prepared by the Secretariat on each Territory should fully reflect developments in those Territories;", "11. Urges Member States to contribute to the efforts of the United Nations to usher in a world free of colonialism within the context of the International Decades for the Eradication of Colonialism, and calls upon them to continue to give their full support to the Special Committee in its endeavours towards that noble goal;", "12. Stresses the importance of the various constitutional exercises in the respective Territories administered by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America, and led by the territorial Governments, designed to address internal constitutional structures within the present territorial arrangements, and decides to follow closely the developments concerning the future political status of those Territories;", "13. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to report to the General Assembly on a regular basis on the implementation of decolonization resolutions adopted since the declaration of the Third International Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism;", "14. Reiterates its request that the Human Rights Committee collaborate with the Special Committee, within the framework of its mandate on the right to self-determination as contained in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,⁴ with the aim of exchanging information, given that the Human Rights Committee is mandated to review the situation, including political and constitutional developments, in many of the Non-Self-Governing Territories that are within the purview of the Special Committee;", "15. Requests the Special Committee to continue to collaborate with the Economic and Social Council and its relevant subsidiary intergovernmental bodies, within the framework of their respective mandates, with the aim of exchanging information on developments in those Non-Self-Governing Territories which are reviewed by those bodies;", "16. Also requests the Special Committee to continue to examine the question of the Non-Self-Governing Territories and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session and on the implementation of the present resolution.", "81st plenary meeting 9 December 2011", "B", "INDIVIDUAL TERRITORIES", "The General Assembly,", "Referring to resolution A above,", "I", "American Samoa", "Taking note of the working paper prepared by the Secretariat on American Samoa[7] and other relevant information,", "Noting the statement made by the representative of the Governor of American Samoa at the Caribbean regional seminar, held in Kingstown from 31 May to 2 June 2011, that the Territory’s position that it should be removed from the United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories continued to hold, that it was time to make political and economic progress while respecting the concerns of the administering Power and the United Nations, and that the administering Powers should be urged to transmit information on their respective Non-Self-Governing Territories for consideration by the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples,", "Aware that under United States law the Secretary of the Interior has administrative jurisdiction over American Samoa,[8]", "Noting the position of the administering Power and the statements made by representatives of American Samoa in regional seminars, including at the 2011 Caribbean regional seminar, inviting the Special Committee to send a visiting mission to the Territory,", "Aware of the work of the Future Political Status Study Commission, completed in 2006, the release of its report, with recommendations, in January 2007, and the creation of the American Samoa Constitutional Review Committee in the Territory, as well as the holding in June 2010 of American Samoa’s fourth Constitutional Convention,", "Noting, in that regard, the statement made by the representative of the Governor of American Samoa at the 2011 Caribbean regional seminar and previous policy papers presented to the Special Committee stating that, against a backdrop of a decades-long popular preference for integration with the United States of America, the Territory wished to move forward on political status, local autonomy and self-governance issues,", "Acknowledging the indication by the territorial Government, including at the 2011 Caribbean regional seminar, that the effects of certain federal laws on the Territory’s economy are serious cause for concern,", "Aware that American Samoa continues to be the only United States Territory to receive financial assistance from the administering Power for the operations of the territorial Government,", "1. Takes note that, at the November 2010 general elections, voters defeated the proposed amendments to the 1967 revised Constitution of American Samoa adopted at the fourth Constitutional Convention, held in June 2010;", "2. Welcomes the work of the territorial Government with respect to moving forward on political status, local autonomy and self-governance issues with a view to making political and economic progress;", "3. Expresses its appreciation for the invitation extended in 2011 to the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples by the Governor of American Samoa to send a visiting mission to the Territory, calls upon the administering Power to facilitate such a mission if the territorial Government so desires, and requests the Chair of the Special Committee to take all the steps necessary to that end;", "4. Requests the administering Power to assist the Territory by facilitating its work concerning a public awareness programme, consistent with Article 73 b of the Charter of the United Nations, and, in that regard, calls upon the relevant United Nations organizations to provide assistance to the Territory, if requested;", "5. Calls upon the administering Power to assist the territorial Government in the diversification and sustainability of the economy of the Territory and to address employment and cost-of-living issues;", "6. Welcomes the invitation to American Samoa in 2011 to become Pacific Islands Forum observer;", "II", "Anguilla", "Taking note of the working paper prepared by the Secretariat on Anguilla[9] and other relevant information,", "Recalling the holding of the 2003 Caribbean regional seminar in Anguilla, hosted by the territorial Government and made possible by the administering Power, the first time that the seminar had been held in a Non-Self-Governing Territory,", "Recalling also the statement of the representative of Anguilla at the Caribbean regional seminar, held in Frigate Bay, Saint Kitts and Nevis, from 12 to 14 May 2009,", "Noting the internal constitutional review process resumed by the territorial Government in 2006, the work of the Constitutional and Electoral Reform Commission, which prepared its report in August 2006, the holding of public and other consultative meetings in 2007 on proposed constitutional amendments to be presented to the administering Power, and the 2008 decision to set up a drafting team consisting of territorial Government officials, members of the House of Assembly and lawyers to draft a new constitution, as well as the presentation of the draft constitution for public consultation in the Territory in 2009 and the expectation that the draft text will be discussed with the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, with the aim of seeking full internal self-government without prejudice to independence as an option,", "Aware of certain difficulties in the relations between the territorial Government and the administering Power regarding budgetary and economic matters and of the intention of the territorial Government to continue its commitment to high-end tourism in an effort to promote local employment opportunities,", "Noting the participation of the Territory as an associate member in the Caribbean Community, the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States and the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean,", "Aware of the willingness expressed by the Prime Ministers of the States members of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States in 2011 to assist in the resolution of difficulties being experienced by the territorial Government in respect of its relations with the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,", "1. Once again welcomes the presentation of a new constitution for public consultation in 2009 with the aim of further discussing the new constitution with the administering Power in 2010, and urges that constitutional discussions be concluded as soon as possible;", "2. Requests the administering Power to assist the Territory in its current efforts with regard to advancing the internal constitutional review exercise, if requested;", "3. Stresses the importance of the previously expressed desire of the territorial Government for a visiting mission by the Special Committee, calls upon the administering Power to facilitate such a mission, if the territorial Government so desires, and requests the Chair of the Special Committee to take all the necessary steps to that end;", "4. Requests the administering Power to assist the Territory by facilitating its work concerning public consultative outreach efforts consistent with Article 73 b of the Charter of the United Nations, and, in this regard, calls upon the relevant United Nations organizations to provide assistance to the Territory, if requested;", "5. Calls upon the administering Power to assist the territorial Government in strengthening its commitments in the economic domain, including budgetary matters, with regional support as needed and appropriate;", "6. Welcomes the active participation of the Territory in the work of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean;", "III", "Bermuda", "Taking note of the working paper prepared by the Secretariat on Bermuda[10] and other relevant information,", "Recalling the statement of the representative of Bermuda at the Caribbean regional seminar, held in Frigate Bay, Saint Kitts and Nevis, from 12 to 14 May 2009,", "Conscious of the different viewpoints of the political parties on the future status of the Territory, and noting a January 2011 survey by local media according to which 73 per cent of respondents did not wish to sever ties with the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the administering Power, and 14 per cent were in favour of independence,", "Recalling the dispatch of the United Nations special mission to Bermuda in 2005, at the request of the territorial Government and with the concurrence of the administering Power, which provided information to the people of the Territory on the role of the United Nations in the process of self-determination, on the legitimate political status options as clearly defined in General Assembly resolution 1541 (XV) and on the experiences of other small States that have achieved a full measure of self-government,", "1. Stresses the importance of the 2005 report of the Bermuda Independence Commission, which provides a thorough examination of the facts surrounding independence, and continues to regret that the plans for public meetings and the presentation of a Green Paper to the House of Assembly followed by a White Paper outlining the policy proposals for an independent Bermuda have so far not materialized;", "2. Requests the administering Power to assist the Territory by facilitating its work concerning public educational outreach efforts, consistent with Article 73 b of the Charter of the United Nations, and, in this regard, calls upon the relevant United Nations organizations to provide assistance to the Territory, if requested;", "IV", "British Virgin Islands", "Taking note of the working paper prepared by the Secretariat on the British Virgin Islands[11] and other relevant information,", "Noting the statement of the representative of the British Virgin Islands at the Caribbean regional seminar, held in Kingstown from 31 May to 2 June 2011, that independence was not a matter regularly discussed among the people of the Territory as there had been no popular call for such a drastic change in the relationship with the administering Power and that the policy framework governing the relationship with the administering Power was being reviewed,", "Recalling the 1993 report of the Constitutional Commissioners, the 1996 debate on the report in the Legislative Council of the Territory, the establishment of the Constitutional Review Commission in 2004, the completion in 2005 of its report providing recommendations on internal constitutional modernization and the debate held in 2005 on the report in the Legislative Council, as well as the negotiations between the administering Power and the territorial Government, which resulted in the adoption of the new Constitution of the Territory in 2007,", "Noting the view expressed in the aforementioned statement made by the representative of the British Virgin Islands at the 2011 Caribbean regional seminar that there was scope for further constitutional review with respect to the practical and effective implementation of the provisions of the 2007 Constitution in the Territory,", "Aware of the negative impact of the global economic slowdown on the growth of the Territory’s financial and tourism services sectors, which was possibly somewhat less severe in 2010–2011,", "Cognizant of the potential usefulness of regional ties for the development of a small island Territory,", "1. Recalls the Constitution of the British Virgin Islands, which took effect in 2007, and stresses the importance of continued discussions on constitutional matters, to accord greater responsibility to the territorial Government for the effective implementation of the 2007 Constitution;", "2. Requests the administering Power to assist the Territory by facilitating its work concerning public outreach efforts, consistent with Article 73 b of the Charter of the United Nations, and, in that regard, calls upon the relevant United Nations organizations to provide assistance to the Territory, if requested;", "3. Welcomes the efforts made by the Territory to strengthen its financial services regulatory regime and to seek new, non-traditional markets for its tourism industry;", "4. Also welcomes the active participation of the Territory in the work of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean;", "5. Further welcomes the holding, for the first time at the level of heads of territorial Government, on 12 May 2011, of the meeting of the Inter‑Virgin Islands Council between the Territory and the United States Virgin Islands;", "V", "Cayman Islands", "Taking note of the working paper prepared by the Secretariat on the Cayman Islands[12] and other relevant information,", "Recalling the statement made by the representative of the territorial Government at the Pacific regional seminar, held in Nouméa from 18 to 20 May 2010,", "Aware of the 2002 report of the Constitutional Modernization Review Commission, which contained a draft constitution for the consideration of the people of the Territory, the 2003 draft constitution offered by the administering Power and the subsequent discussions between the Territory and the administering Power in 2003, and the reopening of discussions between the administering Power and the territorial Government on internal constitutional modernization, in 2006, which resulted in the finalization of a new draft constitution in February 2009, its subsequent acceptance by referendum in May 2009, and promulgation in November 2009,", "Conscious of the work, under the 2009 Constitution, of the new Constitutional Commission, which serves as an advisory body on constitutional matters,", "Acknowledging the view of the territorial Government that, in spite of the global economic downturn and unemployment issues, the Territory’s financial services and tourism industries would help sustain a strong economy,", "1. Recalls the Constitution, which took effect in 2009, and stresses the importance of the work of the new Constitutional Commission, including human rights education, in the Territory;", "2. Requests the administering Power to assist the Territory by facilitating its work concerning public awareness outreach efforts, consistent with Article 73 b of the Charter of the United Nations, and, in this regard, calls upon the relevant United Nations organizations to provide assistance to the Territory, if requested;", "3. Welcomes the Territory’s active participation in the work of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean;", "4. Also welcomes the efforts made by the territorial Government to implement sectoral management policies such as investment facilitation and regulation and the promotion of medical and sports tourism, as well as unemployment alleviation programmes in various economic sectors;", "VI", "Guam", "Taking note of the working paper prepared by the Secretariat on Guam[13] and other relevant information,", "Noting the statement made by the representative of the Governor of Guam at the Caribbean regional seminar, held in Kingstown from 31 May to 2 June 2011, that the territorial Government had a strong commitment to the inalienable right of the Chamorro people of Guam to self-determination, aspired to a partnership with the administering Power wherein all interests would be respected and considered, and generally considered militarism an impediment to decolonization,", "Aware that under United States law the relations between the territorial Government and the federal Government in all matters that are not the programme responsibility of another federal department or agency are under the general administrative supervision of the Secretary of the Interior,[14]", "Recalling that, in a referendum held in 1987, the registered and eligible voters of Guam endorsed a draft Guam Commonwealth Act that would establish a new framework for relations between the Territory and the administering Power, providing for a greater measure of internal self-government for Guam and recognition of the right of the Chamorro people of Guam to self-determination for the Territory,", "Recalling also the requests by the elected representatives and non‑governmental organizations of the Territory, including at the 2011 Caribbean regional seminar, that Guam not be removed from the list of the Non-Self-Governing Territories with which the Special Committee is concerned, pending the self-determination of the Chamorro people and taking into account their legitimate rights and interests,", "Aware that negotiations between the administering Power and the territorial Government on the draft Guam Commonwealth Act ended in 1997 and that Guam has subsequently established a non-binding plebiscite process for a self-determination vote by the eligible Chamorro voters,", "Cognizant of the importance that the administering Power continues to implement its programme of transferring surplus federal land to the Government of Guam,", "Noting that the people of the Territory have called for reform in the programme of the administering Power with respect to the thorough, unconditional and expeditious transfer of land property to the people of Guam,", "Aware of the deep concerns expressed by civil society and others, including at the meetings of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) of the General Assembly in October 2009 and 2010, at the Pacific regional seminar held in Nouméa from 18 to 20 May 2010, and at the 2011 Caribbean regional seminar, regarding the potential social, cultural, economic and environmental impacts of the planned transfer of additional military personnel of the administering Power to the Territory,", "Conscious that immigration into Guam has resulted in the indigenous Chamorros becoming a minority in their homeland,", "1. Calls once again upon the administering Power to take into consideration the expressed will of the Chamorro people as supported by Guam voters in the referendum of 1987 and as subsequently provided for in Guam law regarding Chamorro self-determination efforts, encourages the administering Power and the territorial Government to enter into negotiations on the matter, and stresses the need for continued close monitoring of the overall situation in the Territory;", "2. Requests the administering Power, in cooperation with the territorial Government, to continue to transfer land to the original landowners of the Territory, to continue to recognize and to respect the political rights and the cultural and ethnic identity of the Chamorro people of Guam and to take all measures necessary to address the concerns of the territorial Government with regard to the question of immigration;", "3. Also requests the administering Power to assist the Territory by facilitating public outreach efforts, consistent with Article 73 b of the Charter of the United Nations, and, in this regard, calls upon the relevant United Nations organizations to provide assistance to the Territory, if requested, and welcomes the recent outreach work by the territorial Government, including the convening in 2011 of a Chamorro forum;", "4. Further requests the administering Power to cooperate in establishing programmes for the sustainable development of the economic activities and enterprises of the Territory, noting the special role of the Chamorro people in the development of Guam;", "5. Welcomes the invitation to Guam in 2011 to become Pacific Islands Forum observer;", "VII", "Montserrat", "Taking note of the working paper prepared by the Secretariat on Montserrat[15] and other relevant information,", "Recalling the statement of the representative of Montserrat at the Caribbean regional seminar, held in Frigate Bay, Saint Kitts and Nevis, from 12 to 14 May 2009,", "Aware of the 2002 report of the Constitutional Review Commission, the convening of a committee of the House of Assembly in 2005 to review the report, the subsequent negotiating process with the administering Power on a draft constitution according greater autonomy to the territorial Government, the efforts of the newly elected 2010 territorial Government to continue the process of negotiating constitutional reforms with the administering Power, and the draft constitution agreed between the two parties and published for public consultation,", "Noting the approval of a new Constitution in 2010 and the work of the territorial Government to update the relevant parts of the Territory’s legislation so that the Constitution can enter into force in 2011,", "Aware that Montserrat continues to receive budgetary aid from the administering Power for the operation of the territorial Government,", "Recalling the statements made by participants at the 2009 Caribbean regional seminar encouraging the administering Power to commit sufficient resources to meet the Territory’s special needs,", "Noting with concern the continued consequences of the 1995 volcanic eruption, which led to the evacuation of three quarters of the Territory’s population to safe areas of the island and to areas outside the Territory, which continues to have enduring consequences for the economy of the island,", "Acknowledging the continued assistance provided to the Territory by States members of the Caribbean Community, in particular Antigua and Barbuda, which has offered safe refuge and access to educational and health facilities, as well as employment for thousands who have left the Territory,", "Noting the continuing efforts of the administering Power and the territorial Government to deal with the consequences of the volcanic eruption,", "1. Recalls the progress made by the territorial Government and the administering Power on concluding the negotiations to reform the Constitution of the Territory, and welcomes the approval of a new Constitution for the Territory;", "2. Requests the administering Power to assist the Territory by facilitating its work concerning public outreach efforts, consistent with Article 73 b of the Charter of the United Nations, and, in this regard, calls upon the relevant United Nations organizations to provide assistance to the Territory, if requested;", "3. Welcomes the active participation of the Territory in the work of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean;", "4. Calls upon the administering Power, the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system, as well as regional and other organizations, to continue to provide assistance to the Territory in alleviating the consequences of the volcanic eruption;", "VIII", "Pitcairn", "Taking note of the working paper prepared by the Secretariat on Pitcairn[16] and other relevant information,", "Taking into account the unique character of Pitcairn in terms of population, area and access,", "Aware that, following consultations in 2009, the Pitcairn Constitution Order 2010, including human rights provisions, came into force in the Territory in March 2010,", "Aware also that the administering Power and the territorial Government have implemented a new governance structure to strengthen administrative capacity in the Territory, based on consultations with the people of the Territory, and that Pitcairn continues to receive budgetary aid from the administering Power for the operation of the territorial Government,", "1. Recalls the entry into force of the Pitcairn Constitution Order 2010 in the Territory in March 2010, featuring a new constitutional framework and human rights provisions, and all efforts by the administering Power and the territorial Government that would further devolve operational responsibilities to the Territory, with a view to gradually expanding self-government, including through training of local personnel;", "2. Requests the administering Power to assist the Territory by facilitating its work concerning public outreach efforts, consistent with Article 73 b of the Charter of the United Nations, and, in this regard, calls upon the relevant United Nations organizations to provide assistance to the Territory, if requested;", "3. Also requests the administering Power to continue its assistance for the improvement of the economic, social, educational and other conditions of the population of the Territory and to continue its discussions with the territorial Government on how best to support socio-economic security in Pitcairn;", "IX", "Saint Helena", "Taking note of the working paper prepared by the Secretariat on Saint Helena[17] and other relevant information,", "Recalling the statement of the representative of Saint Helena at the Caribbean regional seminar, held in Frigate Bay, Saint Kitts and Nevis, from 12 to 14 May 2009,", "Taking into account the unique character of Saint Helena in terms of its population, geography and natural resources,", "Aware of the internal constitutional review process led by the territorial Government since 2001, the completion of a draft constitution following negotiations between the administering Power and the territorial Government in 2003 and 2004, the consultative poll with regard to a new Constitution, held in Saint Helena in May 2005, the subsequent preparation of a revised draft constitution and its publication in June 2008 for further public consultation, and the entry into force of the new Constitution for Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha on 1 September 2009,", "Cognizant that Saint Helena continues to receive budgetary aid from the administering Power for the operation of the territorial Government,", "Aware of the efforts of the administering Power and the territorial Government to improve the socio-economic conditions of the population of Saint Helena, in particular in the areas of employment and transport and communications infrastructure,", "Noting the efforts of the Territory to address the problem of unemployment on the island and the joint action of the administering Power and the territorial Government in dealing with it,", "Noting also the importance of improving the infrastructure and accessibility of Saint Helena, and, in this regard, the administering Power’s announcement in 2010 about plans for building an airport on the island of Saint Helena,", "1. Stresses the importance of the Territory’s 2009 Constitution;", "2. Requests the administering Power to assist the Territory by facilitating its work concerning public outreach efforts, consistent with Article 73 b of the Charter of the United Nations, and, in that regard, calls upon the relevant United Nations organizations to provide assistance to the Territory, if requested;", "3. Requests the administering Power and relevant international organizations to continue to support the efforts of the territorial Government to address the Territory’s socio-economic development challenges, including unemployment, and limited transport and communications infrastructure;", "4. Calls upon the administering Power to take into account the unique geographical character of Saint Helena while resolving as soon as feasible any outstanding issues related to the airport construction;", "X", "Turks and Caicos Islands", "Taking note of the working paper prepared by the Secretariat on the Turks and Caicos Islands[18] and other relevant information,", "Recalling the statement of the representative of the Turks and Caicos Islands at the Caribbean regional seminar, held in Frigate Bay, Saint Kitts and Nevis, from 12 to 14 May 2009,", "Recalling also the dispatch of the United Nations special mission to the Turks and Caicos Islands in 2006, at the request of the territorial Government and with the concurrence of the administering Power,", "Aware of the 2002 report of the Constitutional Modernization Review Body, and acknowledging the Constitution agreed between the administering Power and the territorial Government, which entered into force in 2006,", "Noting the administering Power’s decisions to suspend parts of the 2006 Constitution of the Turks and Caicos Islands, covering the constitutional right to trial by jury, ministerial Government, and the House of Assembly, following the recommendations of an independent Commission of Inquiry and the ruling of the administering Power’s Court of Appeal, to present a draft constitution for public consultation in 2011, and to introduce a new constitution for the Territory,", "Noting also the continued postponement of elections in the Territory,", "Acknowledging the impact that the global economic slowdown and other relevant developments have had on tourism and related real estate development, the mainstays of the Territory’s economy, and the 2010–2011 fiscal stabilization plan providing stimuli to the Territory’s private sector,", "1. Notes with grave concern the ongoing situation in the Turks and Caicos Islands, and notes the efforts of the administering Power to restore good governance, including through the introduction of a new 2011 constitution, and sound financial management in the Territory;", "2. Calls for the restoration of constitutional arrangements providing for representative democracy through elected territorial Government as soon as possible;", "3. Notes the positions and repeated calls of the Caribbean Community and the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries for the restoration of democratically elected territorial Government as a matter of urgency, and also notes the view expressed by the administering Power that elections should not be postponed any longer than necessary;", "4. Also notes the extensive public consultations undertaken by the Constitutional and Electoral Reform Adviser and the continued debate on constitutional and electoral reform within the Territory, and stresses the importance of participation by all groups and interested parties in the consultation process;", "5. Stresses the importance of having in place in the Territory a Constitution that reflects the aspirations and wishes of the people of the Territory, based on the mechanisms for popular consultation;", "6. Requests the administering Power to assist the Territory by facilitating its work concerning public outreach efforts, consistent with Article 73 b of the Charter of the United Nations, and, in that regard, calls upon the relevant United Nations organizations to provide assistance to the Territory, if requested;", "7. Welcomes the active participation of the Territory in the work of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean;", "8. Also welcomes the continuing efforts made by the territorial Government addressing the need for attention to be paid to the enhancement of socio-economic development across the Territory;", "XI", "United States Virgin Islands", "Taking note of the working paper prepared by the Secretariat on the United States Virgin Islands[19] and other relevant information,", "Aware that under United States law the relations between the territorial Government and the federal Government in all matters not the programme responsibility of another federal department or agency are under the general administrative supervision of the Secretary of the Interior,[20]", "Aware also of the fifth attempt of the Territory to review the existing Revised Organic Act, which organizes its internal governance arrangements, as well as its requests to the administering Power and the United Nations system for assistance to its public education programme,", "Cognizant that a draft constitution was proposed in 2009 and subsequently forwarded to the administering Power, which in 2010 requested the Territory to consider its objections to the draft constitution,", "Cognizant also of the potential usefulness of regional ties for the development of a small island Territory,", "1. Welcomes the proposal of a draft constitution emanating from the Territory in 2009, as a result of the work of the United States Virgin Islands Fifth Constitutional Convention, for review by the administering Power, and requests the administering Power to assist the territorial Government in achieving its political, economic and social goals, in particular the successful conclusion of the ongoing internal Constitutional Convention exercise;", "2. Requests the administering Power to facilitate the process for approval of the proposed territorial constitution in the United States Congress and its implementation, once agreed upon in the Territory;", "3. Also requests the administering Power to assist the Territory by facilitating its work concerning a public education programme, consistent with Article 73 b of the Charter of the United Nations, and, in this regard, calls upon the relevant United Nations organizations to provide assistance to the Territory, if requested;", "4. Reiterates its call for the inclusion of the Territory in regional programmes of the United Nations Development Programme, consistent with the participation of other Non-Self-Governing Territories;", "5. Welcomes the active participation of the Territory in the work of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean;", "6. Also welcomes the holding, for the first time at the level of heads of territorial Government, on 12 May 2011, of the meeting of the Inter-Virgin Islands Council between the Territory and the British Virgin Islands.", "81st plenary meeting 9 December 2011", "[1]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 23 (A/66/23), chap. IX.", "[2]  Resolution 1514 (XV).", "[3]  See A/56/61, annex, and resolution 65/119.", "[4]  See resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.", "[5]  A/AC.109/2011/2, 4-12 and 15.", "[6]  A/65/330 and Add.1.", "[7]  A/AC.109/2011/12.", "[8]  United States Congress, 1929 (48 U.S.C. Sec. 1661, 45 Stat. 1253), and Secretary’s Order 2657, Department of the Interior, United States of America, 1951, as amended.", "[9]  A/AC.109/2011/2.", "[10]  A/AC.109/2011/5.", "[11]  A/AC.109/2011/6.", "[12]  A/AC.109/2011/8.", "[13]  A/AC.109/2011/15.", "[14]  United States Congress, Organic Act of Guam, 1950, as amended.", "[15]  A/AC.109/2011/11.", "[16]  A/AC.109/2011/4.", "[17]  A/AC.109/2011/7.", "[18]  A/AC.109/2011/10.", "[19]  A/AC.109/2011/9.", "[20]  United States Congress, Revised Organic Act, 1954." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/66/434)]", "66/89. Questions of American Samoa, Anguilla, Bermuda, the British Virgin Islands, the Cayman Islands, Guam, Montserrat, Pitcairn, Saint Helena, the Turks and Caicos Islands and the United States Virgin Islands", "General", "The General Assembly,", "Having considered the questions of the Non-Self-Governing Territories of American Samoa, Anguilla, Bermuda, the British Virgin Islands, the Cayman Islands, Guam, Montserrat, Pitcairn, Saint Helena, the Turks and Caicos Islands and the United States Virgin Islands, hereinafter referred to as “the Territories”,", "Having examined the relevant chapter of the report of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples for 2011,", "Recalling all resolutions and decisions of the United Nations relating to those Territories, including, in particular, the resolutions adopted by the General Assembly at its sixty-fifth session on the individual Territories covered by the present resolutions,", "Recognizing that all available options for self-determination of the Territories are valid as long as they are in accordance with the freely expressed wishes of the peoples concerned and in conformity with the clearly defined principles contained in General Assembly resolutions 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960, 1541 (XV) of 15 December 1960 and other resolutions of the Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 1541 (XV), containing the principles that should guide Member States in determining whether or not an obligation exists to transmit the information called for under Article 73 e of the Charter of the United Nations,", "Expressing concern that 51 years after the adoption of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, there still remain a number of Non-Self-Governing Territories,", "Conscious of the importance of continuing effective implementation of the Declaration, taking into account the goal of the United Nations to eradicate colonialism by 2020 and the plan of action for the Second and Third International Decades for the Eradication of Colonialism,[3]", "Recognizing the need for flexible, practical and innovative approaches to the options of self-determination in accordance with the specific characteristics and the wishes of the peoples of the Territories, without any prejudice to territorial size, geographical location, size of population or natural resources,", "Taking note of the stated position of the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the stated position of the Government of the United States of America on the Non-Self-Governing Territories under their administration,", "Noting also the constitutional developments in some Non-Self-Governing Territories affecting the internal structure of governance about which the Special Committee has received information,", "Convinced that the wishes and aspirations of the peoples of the Territories should continue to guide the development of their future political status and that referendums, free and fair elections and other forms of popular consultation play an important role in ascertaining the wishes and aspirations of the people,", "Convinced also that any negotiations to determine the status of a Territory must take place with the active involvement and participation of the people of that Territory, under the auspices of the United Nations, on a case-by-case basis, and that the views of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories in respect of their right to self-determination should be ascertained,", "Noting that a number of Non-Self-Governing Territories have expressed concern that some administering Powers, contrary to the wishes of the Territories themselves, have imposed on the Territories, through Orders in Council, the international treaty obligations of the administering Power or have adopted unilateral laws and regulations and amended or enacted legislation applicable to the Territories,", "Aware of the importance of the international financial services and tourism services for the economies of some of the Non-Self-Governing Territories,", "Noting the continued cooperation of the Non-Self-Governing Territories at the local and regional levels, including participation in the work of regional organizations,", "Bearing in mind that United Nations visiting and special missions provide an effective means of ascertaining the situation in the Territories, that some Territories have not received a United Nations visiting mission for a long time and that no visiting missions have been sent to some of the Territories, and considering the possibility of sending further visiting missions to the Territories at an appropriate time and in consultation with the administering Powers concerned and in accordance with the relevant resolutions and decisions of the United Nations on decolonization,", "Mindful also that, in order for the Special Committee to enhance its understanding of the political status of the peoples of the Territories and to fulfil its mandate effectively, it is important for it to be apprised by the administering Powers concerned and to receive information from other appropriate sources, including the representatives of the Territories, concerning the wishes and aspirations of the peoples of the Territories,", "Acknowledging the regular transmission by the administering Powers to the Secretary-General of information called for under Article 73 e of the Charter,", "Aware of the importance both to the Territories and to the Special Committee of the participation of elected and appointed representatives of the Territories in the work of the Committee,", "Recognizing the need for the Special Committee to ensure that the appropriate bodies of the United Nations actively pursue a public awareness campaign aimed at assisting the peoples of the Territories in gaining a better understanding of the options for self-determination,", "Bearing in mind, in this connection, that the regional seminars in the Caribbean and Pacific regions and at Headquarters, with the active participation of representatives of the Non-Self-Governing Territories, provide a helpful means for the Special Committee to fulfil its mandate, and that the regional nature of the seminars, which alternate between the Caribbean and the Pacific, is a crucial element in the context of a United Nations programme for ascertaining the political status of the Territories,", "Noting the stated positions of the representatives of the Non-Self-Governing Territories before the Special Committee and in its regional seminars,", "Bearing in mind that the 2011 Caribbean regional seminar was held in Kingston from 31 May to 2 June 2011,", "Conscious of the particular vulnerability of the Territories to natural disasters and environmental degradation, and, in this connection, bearing in mind the applicability to the Territories of the programmes of action or outcome documents of all United Nations world conferences and special sessions of the General Assembly in the economic and social fields,", "Noting with appreciation the contribution to the development of some Territories by the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system, in particular the United Nations Development Programme, the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean and the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, as well as regional institutions such as the Caribbean Development Bank, the Caribbean Community, the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States, the Pacific Islands Forum and the agencies of the Council of Regional Organizations in the Pacific,", "Noting the statement made by the representative of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean at the Caribbean regional seminar held in Kingston that all six Caribbean Non-Self-Governing Territories are active associate members of the Economic Commission,", "Aware that the Human Rights Committee, as part of its mandate under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, [4] reviews the status of the self-determination process, including in small island Territories under examination by the Special Committee,", "Recalling the ongoing efforts of the Special Committee in carrying out a critical review of its work with the aim of making appropriate and constructive recommendations and decisions to attain its objectives in accordance with its mandate,", "Recognizing that the annual working papers prepared by the Secretariat on developments in each of the small Territories[5], as well as the substantive documentation and information furnished by experts, scholars, non-governmental organizations and other sources, have provided important inputs to update the resolutions,", "Recalling the report of the Secretary-General on the Second International Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism, [6]", "Reaffirms the inalienable right of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories to self-determination, in conformity with the Charter of the United Nations and with General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV), containing the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples;", "2. Also reaffirms that, in the process of decolonization, there is no alternative to the principle of self-determination, which is also a fundamental human right, as recognized under the relevant human rights conventions;", "3. Further reaffirms that it is ultimately for the peoples of the Territories themselves to determine freely their future political status in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Charter, the Declaration and the relevant resolutions of the General Assembly, and in this regard reiterates its long-standing call for the administering Powers, in cooperation with the territorial Governments and appropriate bodies of the United Nations system, to develop political education programmes for the Territories in order to foster an awareness among the people of their right to self-determination in conformity with the legitimate political status options, based on the principles clearly defined in Assembly resolution 1541 (XV) and other relevant resolutions and decisions;", "Stresses the importance of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples being apprised of the views and wishes of the peoples of the Territories and enhancing its understanding of their conditions, including the nature and scope of the existing political and constitutional arrangements between the Non-Self-Governing Territories and their respective administering Powers;", "5. Requests the administering Powers to continue to transmit regularly to the Secretary-General information called for under Article 73 e of the Charter;", "Calls upon the administering Powers to participate in and cooperate fully with the work of the Special Committee in order to implement the provisions of Article 73 e of the Charter and the Declaration and in order to advise the Special Committee on the implementation of the provisions under Article 73 b of the Charter on efforts to promote self-government in the Territories, and encourages the administering Powers to facilitate visiting and special missions to the Territories;", "7. Reaffirms the responsibility of the administering Powers under the Charter to promote the economic and social development and to preserve the cultural identity of the Territories, and, as a matter of priority, to minimize the impact of the current global financial crisis and, in consultation with the territorial Governments concerned, to achieve the strengthening and diversification of their respective economies;", "8. Requests the Territories and the administering Powers to take all necessary measures to protect and conserve the environment of the Territories against any degradation, and once again requests the specialized agencies concerned to continue to monitor environmental conditions in the Territories and to provide assistance to those Territories, consistent with their rules of procedure;", "Welcomes the participation of the Non-Self-Governing Territories in regional activities, including the work of regional organizations;", "10. Stresses the importance of implementing the plans of action for the Second and Third International Decades for the Eradication of Colonialism,3 in particular by expediting the implementation of the programme of work for decolonization, on a case-by-case basis in each Non-Self-Governing Territory, ensuring that periodic analyses are undertaken of the progress and extent of the implementation of the Declaration in each Territory, and that the working papers prepared by the Secretariat on each Territory should fully reflect developments in those Territories;", "11. Urges Member States to contribute to the efforts of the United Nations to usher in a world free of colonialism in the context of the International Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism, and calls upon them to continue to give their full support to the Special Committee in its endeavours towards that noble goal;", "12. Stresses the importance of the various constitutional initiatives in the Territories under the administration of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America, led by their Governments, aimed at addressing internal constitutional structures within the existing territorial arrangements, and decides to follow closely the developments concerning the future political status of those Territories;", "13. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to report regularly to the General Assembly on the implementation of decolonization resolutions adopted since the declaration of the Third International Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism;", "14. Reiterates its request to the Human Rights Committee to cooperate with the Special Committee, within the framework of its mandate on the right to self-determination as contained in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,4 for the purpose of exchanging information, given that the Human Rights Committee is mandated to review the situation, including political and constitutional developments, in many of the Non-Self-Governing Territories that are within the purview of the Special Committee;", "15. Requests the Special Committee to continue its cooperation with the Economic and Social Council and its relevant subsidiary intergovernmental bodies, within the framework of their respective mandates, for the exchange of information on developments in those Non-Self-Governing Territories which are reviewed by those bodies;", "16. Also requests the Special Committee to continue to examine the question of the Non-Self-Governing Territories and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session and on the implementation of the present resolution.", "9 December 2011", "81st plenary meeting", "B Individual Territories", "The General Assembly,", "Referring to resolution A above,", "I American Samoa", "Taking note of the working paper prepared by the Secretariat on American Samoa and other relevant information,", "Noting the statement made by the representative of the Governor of American Samoa at the Caribbean regional seminar, held in Kingston from 31 May to 2 June 2011, that the Territory continued to maintain its position that it should be removed from the United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories, that political and economic progress should be sought at present, while respecting the concerns of the administering Power and the United Nations, and that the administering Powers should be urged to transmit information on their respective Non-Self-Governing Territories for consideration by the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples,", "Aware that under United States law the Secretary of the Interior has administrative jurisdiction over American Samoa,[8]", "Noting the position of the administering Power and the statements made by representatives of American Samoa at regional seminars, including the 2011 Caribbean regional seminar, inviting the Special Committee to send a visiting mission to the Territory,", "Aware of the completion of the work of the Future Political Status Study Commission in 2006 and the publication of its report with recommendations in January 2007, the establishment of the American Samoa Constitutional Review Commission in the Territory and the holding of the fourth Constitutional Convention of American Samoa in June 2010,", "Taking note, in this regard, of the statement made by the representative of the Governor of American Samoa at the 2011 Caribbean regional seminar and of the policy paper previously submitted to the Special Committee, in which the Territory ' s wish to make progress on political status, local self-government and self-government, given a decade of popular preference for membership in the United States of America,", "Acknowledging the indication by the territorial Government, including at the 2011 Caribbean regional seminar, that the impact of certain federal laws on the economy of the Territory is a matter of deep concern,", "Aware that American Samoa remains the only United States Territory to receive financial assistance from the administering Power for the operations of the territorial Government,", "1. Takes note of the rejection by voters, in general elections in November 2010, of the proposed amendment to the 1967 revised Constitution of American Samoa, adopted by the Fourth Constitutional Conference in June 2010;", "2. Welcomes the work of the territorial Government in moving forward on political status, local autonomy and self-government issues with a view to making political and economic progress;", "3. Expresses its appreciation to the Governor of American Samoa for inviting the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples to send a visiting mission to the Territory in 2011, calls upon the administering Power to facilitate such a mission if the territorial Government so desires, and requests the Chair of the Special Committee to take all the necessary measures to that end;", "4. Requests the administering Power to facilitate the work of the Territory concerning a public awareness programme, consistent with Article 73 b of the Charter of the United Nations, and in that regard calls upon the relevant United Nations organizations to provide assistance to the Territory, if requested;", "5. Calls upon the administering Power to assist the territorial Government in the diversification and sustainability of the economy of the Territory and to address employment and cost-of-living issues;", "6. Welcomes the invitation extended to American Samoa in 2011 to become an observer in the Pacific Islands Forum;", "Anguilla", "Taking note of the working paper prepared by the Secretariat on Anguilla and other relevant information,", "Recalling the holding of the 2003 Caribbean regional seminar in Anguilla, hosted by the territorial Government and facilitated by the administering Power, the first time that the seminar had been held in a Non-Self-Governing Territory,", "Recalling also the statement made by the representative of Anguilla at the Caribbean regional seminar, held in Frigate Bay, Saint Kitts and Nevis, from 12 to 14 May 2009,", "Noting the internal constitutional review process resumed by the territorial Government in 2006, the work of the Constitutional and Electoral Reform Commission and the preparation of its report in August 2006, the holding of public and other consultative meetings in 2007 to discuss proposed constitutional amendments to be submitted to the administering Power, the decision in 2008 to establish a drafting group comprising territorial Government officials, members of Parliament and lawyers to draft a new constitution, and the submission of a draft constitution to the Territory for public consultation in 2009, and the expectation that the draft text will be discussed with the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, with a view to achieving full internal self-government without closing the way to independence,", "Aware of certain difficulties in the relations between the territorial Government and the administering Power arising from budgetary and economic problems, as well as the continued commitment of the territorial Government to high-end tourism in an effort to promote local employment opportunities,", "Noting the participation of the Territory as an associate member in the Caribbean Community, the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States and the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean,", "Aware of the willingness expressed by the Prime Ministers of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States in 2011 to assist the territorial Government in resolving the difficulties it faces in its relations with the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,", "1. Welcomes once again the submission in 2009 of a new constitution for public consultation, with a view to further discussion with the administering Power in 2010, and urges that constitutional discussions be concluded as soon as possible;", "2. Requests the administering Power to assist the Territory, if requested, in its ongoing efforts to advance the internal constitutional review process;", "3. Stresses the importance of the previously expressed desire of the territorial Government for a visiting mission by the Special Committee, calls upon the administering Power to facilitate such a mission, if the territorial Government so desires, and requests the Chair of the Special Committee to take all the necessary steps to that end;", "4. Requests the administering Power to assist the Territory by facilitating its work concerning public consultative outreach efforts, consistent with Article 73 b of the Charter of the United Nations, and, in this regard, calls upon the relevant United Nations organizations to provide assistance to the Territory, if requested;", "5. Calls upon the administering Power to assist the territorial Government in strengthening its commitments in the economic sphere, including budgetary matters, with the necessary regional support as appropriate;", "6. Welcomes the active participation of the Territory in the work of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean;", "Bermuda", "Taking note of the working paper prepared by the Secretariat on Bermuda [10] and other relevant information,", "Recalling the statement made by the representative of Bermuda at the Caribbean regional seminar, held in Frigate Bay, Saint Kitts and Nevis, from 12 to 14 May 2009,", "Conscious of the different viewpoints of the political parties on the future status of the Territory, and noting that, according to a survey conducted in the local media in January 2011, 73 per cent of the respondents did not wish to sever ties with the administering Power, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and 14 per cent favoured independence,", "Recalling the dispatch in 2005 of a United Nations special mission to Bermuda, at the request of the territorial Government and with the concurrence of the administering Power, to brief the people of the Territory on the role of the United Nations in the process of self-determination, on the legitimate political status options as clearly defined in General Assembly resolution 1541 (XV) and on the experiences of other small States that have achieved a full measure of self-government,", "1. Stresses the importance of the 2005 report of the Bermuda Independence Commission, which provides an in-depth study of the facts surrounding independence, and continues to regret that the plans for a public meeting and the presentation of a Green Paper to the House of Assembly followed by a White Paper outlining the policy proposals for an independent Bermuda have so far not materialized;", "2. Requests the administering Power to assist the Territory by facilitating its work concerning public educational outreach efforts, consistent with Article 73 b of the Charter of the United Nations, and, in this regard, calls upon the relevant United Nations organizations to provide assistance to the Territory, if requested;", "British Virgin Islands", "Taking note of the working paper prepared by the Secretariat on the British Virgin Islands [11] and other relevant information,", "Noting the statement made by the representative of the British Virgin Islands at the Caribbean regional seminar, held in Kingston from 31 May to 2 June 2011, that independence was not a matter frequently discussed by the people of the Territory, that there had been no demand by the population for such a dramatic change in the relationship with the administering Power and that the policy framework guiding the relationship with the administering Power was currently under review,", "Recalling the 1993 report of the Constitutional Commissioners, the 1996 debate on the report in the Legislative Council of the Territory, the establishment of the Constitutional Review Commission in 2004 and the completion of its work in 2005 containing recommendations for internal constitutional modernization, which was debated in the Legislative Council of the Territory in 2005, and recalling further that negotiations between the administering Power and the territorial Government resulted in the adoption of a new Constitution for the Territory in 2007,", "Noting the statement made by the representative of the British Virgin Islands at the 2011 Caribbean regional seminar referred to above that there was scope for further constitutional review in order to give practical and effective effect to the provisions of the 2007 Constitution in the Territory,", "Aware of the negative impact of the global economic slowdown on the growth of the Territory ' s financial and tourism services sectors, which is likely to decrease in severity in 2010-2011,", "Cognizant of the potential usefulness of regional ties for the development of a small island Territory,", "Recalls the entry into force of the Constitution of the British Virgin Islands in 2007, and stresses the importance of continued discussions on constitutional issues, with a view to giving greater responsibility to the territorial Government for the effective implementation of the 2007 Constitution;", "2. Requests the administering Power to assist the Territory by facilitating public outreach efforts, consistent with Article 73 b of the Charter of the United Nations, and, in this regard, calls upon the relevant United Nations organizations to provide assistance to the Territory, if requested;", "3. Welcomes the efforts made by the Territory to strengthen its financial services regulatory mechanisms and to seek new non-traditional markets for its tourism industry;", "4. Also welcomes the active participation of the Territory in the work of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean;", "5. Further welcomes the holding of the first summit meeting of territorial Governments between the Inter-Virgin Islands Council between the Territory and the United States Virgin Islands on 12 May 2011;", "Cayman Islands", "Taking note of the working paper prepared by the Secretariat on the Cayman Islands [12] and other relevant information,", "Recalling the statement made by the representative of the territorial Government at the Pacific regional seminar, held in Nouméa from 18 to 20 May 2010,", "Aware of the 2002 report of the Constitutional Modernization Review Commission, which contained a draft constitution for the consideration of the people of the Territory, the 2003 draft constitution presented by the administering Power and the subsequent discussions between the Territory and the administering Power in 2003, and the resumption of discussions between the administering Power and the territorial Government on internal constitutional modernization in 2006, resulting in the finalization of a new draft constitution in February 2009 and its subsequent acceptance by referendum in May 2009 and its promulgation in November 2009,", "Aware of the work of the new Constitutional Commission established under the 2009 Constitution as an advisory body on constitutional issues,", "Acknowledging the view of the territorial Government that, despite the global economic downturn and unemployment, the Territory ' s financial services and tourism industries will help to sustain a strong economy,", "1. Recalls the Constitution, which entered into force in 2009, and stresses the importance of the work of the new Constitutional Commission, including human rights education in the Territory;", "2. Requests the administering Power to assist the Territory by facilitating its work concerning public awareness outreach efforts, consistent with Article 73 b of the Charter of the United Nations, and, in this regard, calls upon the relevant United Nations organizations to provide assistance to the Territory, if requested;", "3. Welcomes the active participation of the Territory in the work of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean;", "4. Also welcomes the efforts of the territorial Government to implement sectoral management policies in various economic sectors, such as the facilitation and regulation of investment, the promotion of medical and sports tourism and unemployment alleviation programmes;", "Guam", "Taking note of the working paper prepared by the Secretariat on Guam [13] and other relevant information,", "Noting the statement made by the representative of the Governor of Guam at the Caribbean regional seminar held in Kingston from 31 May to 2 June 2011 that the territorial Government was firmly committed to the inalienable right of the Chamorro people of Guam to self-determination, that it wished to establish a partnership with the administering Power that respected and considered all interests, and that militarization in general was an obstacle to decolonization,", "Aware that under United States law the Secretary of the Interior exercises full administrative jurisdiction over all matters relating to the relationship between the territorial Government and the federal Government, except where the programme responsibility of a separate federal department falls under that authority,", "Recalling that, in a referendum held in 1987, the registered and eligible voters of Guam endorsed a draft Guam Commonwealth Act that would establish a new framework for relations between the Territory and the administering Power, providing for a greater measure of internal self-government for Guam and recognition of the right of the Chamorro people of Guam to self-determination for the Territory,", "Recalling also the requests by the elected representatives and non-governmental organizations of the Territory, including at the 2011 Caribbean regional seminar, that Guam not be removed from the list of the Non-Self-Governing Territories with which the Special Committee is concerned, pending the self-determination of the Chamorro people and taking into account their legitimate rights and interests,", "Aware that negotiations between the administering Power and the territorial Government on the draft Guam Commonwealth Act ended in 1997 and that Guam subsequently established a non-binding plebiscite process for a self-determination vote by the eligible Chamorro voters,", "Cognizant of the importance of the administering Power continuing its programme of transferring surplus federal land to the Government of Guam,", "Noting that the people of the Territory have called for reform in the programme of the administering Power with respect to the thorough, unconditional and expeditious transfer of land property to the people of Guam,", "Aware of the deep concern expressed by civil society and others, including at the meetings of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) of the General Assembly in October 2009 and 2010, at the Pacific regional seminar held in Nouméa from 18 to 20 May 2010 and at the 2011 Caribbean regional seminar, regarding the potential social, cultural, economic and environmental impact of the planned transfer of additional military personnel of the administering Power to the Territory,", "Conscious that immigration into Guam has resulted in the indigenous Chamorros becoming a minority in their homeland,", "1. Calls once again upon the administering Power to take into account the expressed will of the Chamorro people as supported by Guam voters in the referendum of 1987 and as subsequently provided for in Guam law regarding Chamorro self-determination and encourages the administering Power and the territorial Government to enter into negotiations on the matter, and stresses the importance of continued close monitoring of the overall situation in the Territory;", "2. Requests the administering Power, in cooperation with the territorial Government, to continue to transfer land to the original landowners of the Territory, to continue to recognize and respect the political rights and the cultural and ethnic identity of the Chamorro people of Guam and to take all necessary measures to address the concerns of the territorial Government with regard to the question of immigration;", "3. Also requests the administering Power to assist the Territory by facilitating public outreach efforts, consistent with Article 73 b of the Charter of the United Nations, and, in this regard, calls upon the relevant United Nations organizations to provide assistance to the Territory, if requested, and welcomes the recent outreach efforts by the territorial Government, including the convening of the 2011 Chamorro Forum;", "4. Further requests the administering Power to cooperate in establishing programmes for the sustainable development of the economic activities and enterprises of the Territory, noting the special role of the Chamorro people in the development of Guam;", "5. Welcomes the invitation extended to Guam in 2011 to become an observer in the Pacific Islands Forum;", "VII Montserrat", "Taking note of the working paper prepared by the Secretariat on Montserrat [15] and other relevant information,", "Recalling the statement made by the representative of Montserrat at the Caribbean regional seminar held in Frigate Bay, Saint Kitts and Nevis, from 12 to 14 May 2009,", "Aware of the 2002 report of the Constitutional Review Commission, the convening of a committee of the House of Assembly in 2005 to review the report and the subsequent negotiation process with the administering Power on a draft constitution granting greater autonomy to the territorial Government, the efforts of the newly elected territorial Government in 2010 to continue the process of negotiating constitutional reform with the administering Power and the publication of a mutually agreed draft constitution for public consultation,", "Noting the approval of the new Constitution in 2010 and the efforts of the territorial Government to update relevant parts of the Territory ' s legislation so that the Constitution may enter into force in 2011,", "Aware that Montserrat continues to receive budgetary aid from the administering Power for the operation of the territorial Government,", "Recalling the statements made by participants at the 2009 Caribbean regional seminar encouraging the administering Power to commit sufficient resources to meet the Territory ' s special needs,", "Noting with concern the continuing consequences of the 1995 volcanic eruption, which led to the evacuation of three quarters of the Territory's population to safe areas of the island and to areas outside the Territory, which continues to have enduring consequences for the economy of the island,", "Acknowledging the continued assistance provided to the Territory by States members of the Caribbean Community, in particular Antigua and Barbuda, which has offered safe refuge and access to educational and health facilities, as well as employment for thousands who have left the Territory,", "Noting the continuing efforts of the administering Power and the territorial Government to deal with the consequences of the volcanic eruption,", "1. Recalls the progress made by the territorial Government and the administering Power towards concluding negotiations on a revised constitution for the Territory, and welcomes the approval of a new Constitution for the Territory;", "2. Requests the administering Power to assist the Territory by facilitating its work concerning public outreach efforts, consistent with Article 73 b of the Charter of the United Nations, and, in this regard, calls upon the relevant United Nations organizations to provide assistance to the Territory, if requested;", "3. Welcomes the active participation of the Territory in the work of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean;", "4. Calls upon the administering Power, the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system, as well as regional and other organizations, to continue to provide assistance to the Territory in alleviating the consequences of the volcanic eruption;", "VIII Pitcairn", "Taking note of the working paper prepared by the Secretariat on Pitcairn [16] and other relevant information,", "Taking into account the unique nature of Pitcairn in terms of population, area and access,", "Aware that, following consultations in 2009, the Pitcairn Constitution Order 2010, including human rights provisions, entered into force in the Territory in March 2010,", "Aware also that the administering Power and the territorial Government have implemented a new governance structure to strengthen the administrative capacity of the Territory, based on consultations with the people of the Territory, and that Pitcairn continues to receive budgetary aid from the administering Power for the operation of the territorial Government,", "1. Recalls the entry into force in the Territory in March 2010 of the Pitcairn Constitution Order 2010, which features a new constitutional framework and human rights provisions, and the efforts of the administering Power and the territorial Government to further transfer governance responsibilities to the Territory with a view to progressively expanding self-government, including through the training of local personnel;", "2. Requests the administering Power to assist the Territory by facilitating its work concerning public outreach efforts, consistent with Article 73 b of the Charter of the United Nations, and, in this regard, calls upon the relevant United Nations organizations to provide assistance to the Territory, if requested;", "Also requests the administering Power to continue its assistance for the improvement of the economic, social, educational and other conditions of the population of the Territory and to continue its discussions with the territorial Government on how best to support socio-economic security in Pitcairn;", "St. Helena", "Taking note of the working paper prepared by the Secretariat on Saint Helena [17] and other relevant information,", "Recalling the statement made by the representative of Saint Helena at the Caribbean regional seminar held in Frigate Bay, Saint Kitts and Nevis, from 12 to 14 May 2009,", "Taking into account the unique character of Saint Helena in terms of its population, geography and natural resources,", "Aware of the internal constitutional review process led by the territorial Government since 2001, the completion of the draft constitution following negotiations between the administering Power and the territorial Government in 2003 and 2004, the holding of a consultative poll on a new constitution in St. Helena in May 2005 and the subsequent preparation of amendments to the draft constitution, as well as the publication of amendments to the draft constitution in June 2008 for further public consultation, and the entry into force of a new constitution for St. Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha on 1 September 2009,", "Aware that Saint Helena continues to receive budgetary aid from the administering Power for the operation of the territorial Government,", "Aware of the efforts of the administering Power and the territorial Government to improve the socio-economic conditions of the population of Saint Helena, in particular in the areas of employment and transport and communications infrastructure,", "Noting the efforts of the Territory to address the problem of unemployment on the island and the joint action of the administering Power and the territorial Government to deal with it,", "Noting also the importance of improving the infrastructure and accessibility of Saint Helena, and noting also in this regard the announcement by the administering Power in 2010 of plans to construct an airport on Saint Helena,", "1. Stresses the importance of the 2009 Constitution of the Territory;", "2. Requests the administering Power to assist the Territory by facilitating its work concerning public outreach efforts, consistent with Article 73 b of the Charter of the United Nations and, in that regard, calls upon the relevant United Nations organizations to provide assistance to the Territory, if requested;", "Requests the administering Power and relevant international organizations to continue to support the efforts of the territorial Government to address the Territory's socio-economic development challenges, including unemployment and limited transport and communications infrastructure;", "4. Calls upon the administering Power to take into account the unique geographical character of Saint Helena while resolving as soon as possible the outstanding issues regarding the construction of the airport;", "Turks and Caicos Islands", "Taking note of the working paper prepared by the Secretariat on the Turks and Caicos Islands [18] and other relevant information,", "Recalling the statement made by the representative of the Turks and Caicos Islands at the Caribbean regional seminar held in Frigate Bay, Saint Kitts and Nevis, from 12 to 14 May 2009,", "Recalling also the dispatch of the United Nations special mission to the Turks and Caicos Islands in 2006, at the request of the territorial Government and with the concurrence of the administering Power,", "Aware of the 2002 report of the Constitutional Modernization Review Body, and acknowledging the Constitution agreed between the administering Power and the territorial Government, which entered into force in 2006,", "Noting the administering Power ' s decision to suspend the constitutional rights of the Turks and Caicos Islands to trial by jury, the executive government and the House of Assembly in the 2006 Constitution, as recommended by the Independent Fact-Finding Mission and decided by the administering Power ' s Court of Appeal, and to present a draft constitution for public consultation in 2011 and to promulgate a new constitution for the Territory,", "Noting also the continued postponement of elections in the Territory,", "Acknowledging the impact of the global economic slowdown and other related developments on tourism and related real estate development as the mainstay of the Territory ' s economy, and that the fiscal stabilization plan for 2010-2011 is intended to stimulate private sector development in the Territory,", "1. Notes with grave concern the current situation in the Turks and Caicos Islands, and also notes the efforts of the administering Power to restore good governance, including the promulgation of a new Constitution for 2011, and sound financial management in the Territory;", "Calls for the restoration, as soon as possible, of constitutional arrangements for representative democracy through an elected territorial Government;", "3. Notes the positions of the Caribbean Community and the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries, which have repeatedly called for the restoration, as a matter of urgency, of the democratically elected territorial Government, and also notes the view of the administering Power that the postponement of the elections will not exceed the necessary time;", "4. Also notes the extensive public consultations initiated by the Constitutional and Electoral Reform Adviser and the ongoing debate in the Territory on constitutional and electoral reform, and stresses the importance of the participation of all groups and interested parties in the consultation process;", "5. Stresses the importance of a constitution for the Territories that reflects the wishes and aspirations of the people of the Territories, based on the mechanism of popular consultation;", "6. Requests the administering Power to assist the Territory by facilitating its work concerning public outreach efforts, consistent with Article 73 b of the Charter of the United Nations and, in that regard, calls upon the relevant United Nations organizations to provide assistance to the Territory, if requested;", "7. Welcomes the active participation of the Territory in the work of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean;", "8. Also welcomes the ongoing efforts made by the territorial Government addressing the need for attention to be paid to the enhancement of socio-economic development throughout the Territory;", "XI United States Virgin Islands", "Taking note of the working paper prepared by the Secretariat on the United States Virgin Islands and other relevant information,", "Aware that under United States law the Secretary of the Interior exercises full administrative jurisdiction over all matters relating to the relations between the territorial Government and the federal Government except for those programme responsibilities of another federal department,", "Aware also of the fifth attempt by the Territory to review the existing Revised Organic Act, which organizes its internal governance arrangements, and of its requests to the administering Power and the United Nations system for assistance to its public education programme,", "Recognizing that a draft constitution was introduced in 2009 and subsequently submitted to the administering Power, which in 2010 requested the Territory to consider the administering Power ' s objections to the draft constitution,", "Recognizing also the potential usefulness of regional ties for the development of a small island Territory,", "1. Welcomes the draft constitution presented by the Territory in 2009 for review by the administering Power as a result of the work of the United States Virgin Islands Fifth Constitutional Convention, and requests the administering Power to assist the territorial Government in achieving its political, economic and social goals, in particular the successful conclusion of the ongoing internal Constitutional Convention exercise;", "2. Requests the administering Power to facilitate the process of approval of the proposed constitution by the United States Congress and its implementation, once agreed upon in the Territory;", "3. Also requests the administering Power to assist the Territory by facilitating its work concerning a public education programme, consistent with Article 73 b of the Charter of the United Nations, and, in this regard, calls upon the relevant United Nations organizations to provide assistance to the Territory, if requested;", "Reiterates its call for the inclusion of the Territory in regional programmes of the United Nations Development Programme, consistent with the participation of other Non-Self-Governing Territories.", "5. Welcomes the active participation of the Territory in the work of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean;", "6. Also welcomes the holding of the first summit meeting of territorial Governments between the Inter-Virgin Islands Council between the Territory and the British Virgin Islands on 12 May 2011.", "9 December 2011", "81st plenary meeting", "[1] Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 23 (A/66/23), chap. IX.", "[2] Resolution 1514 (XV).", "[3] See A/56/61, annex, and resolution 65/119.", "[4] See resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.", "[5] A/AC.109/2011/2, 4-12 and 15.", "[6] A/65/330 and Add.1.", "[7] A/AC.109/2012/12.", "[8] United States Congress, 1929 (48 U.S.C. Sec.1661, 45 Stat.1253) and United States Department of the Interior Ministerial Order No. 2657 of 1951, as amended.", "[9] A/AC.109/2011/2.", "[10] A/AC.109/2011/5.", "[11] A/AC.109/2011/6.", "[12] A/AC.109/2011/8.", "[13] A/AC.109/2011/15.", "[14] United States Congress, Organic Act of Guam 1950, as amended.", "[15] A/AC.109/2011/11.", "[16] A/AC.109/2011/4.", "[17] A/AC.109/2011/7.", "[18] A/AC.109/2011/10.", "[19] A/AC.109/2011/9.", "[20] United States Congress, Revised Organic Act 1954." ]

[ "2011年12月9日大会决议", "[根据特别政治和非殖民化委员会（第四委员会）的报告(A/66/434)通过]", "66/90.传播非殖民化信息", "大会，", "审查了给予殖民地国家和人民独立宣言执行情况特别委员会2011年报告中关于传播非殖民化信息和宣传联合国在非殖民化领域工作的章节，[1]", "回顾大会载有《给予殖民地国家和人民独立宣言》的1960年12月14日第1514(XV)号决议，以及联合国关于传播非殖民化信息的其他决议和决定，特别是大会2010年12月10日第65/116号决议，", "确认在审查非自治领土人民自决的备选方案时有必要采取灵活、务实和创新的办法，以期执行《第三个铲除殖民主义国际十年行动计划》，[2]", "重申传播信息作为促进实现《宣言》各项目标的手段的重要性，并注意到世界舆论在有效协助非自治领土人民获得自决方面所起的作用，", "确认管理国按照《联合国宪章》第七十三条(辰)款的规定向秘书长递送情报方面所起的作用，", "又确认秘书处新闻部通过其联合国新闻中心在区域一级传播联合国活动信息方面所起的作用，", "回顾新闻部与联合国开发计划署、各专门机构和特别委员会磋商，印发可资非自治领土利用的援助方案的散页说明，", "认识到非政府组织在传播非殖民化信息方面的作用，", "1. 核可秘书处新闻部和政治事务部根据联合国有关非殖民化问题的各项相关决议在传播非殖民化信息方面开展的活动，满意地回顾根据2006年12月14日大会第61/129号决议出版了题为“联合国可为援助非自治领土做什么”的散页说明，于2009年5月更新上载于联合国非殖民化问题网站，并鼓励继续不断更新和广泛传播该散页说明；", "2. 认为必须继续和扩大努力，确保尽可能广泛地传播非殖民化信息，其中特别重视可供非自治领土人民选择的自决办法，为此请新闻部通过各相关区域的联合国新闻中心积极参与和设法以新颖的方式向非自治领土传播资料；", "3. 请秘书长进一步增加在联合国非殖民化问题网站上的信息，并继续在其中收入非殖民化问题区域讨论会的全套系列报告及在这些讨论会上提出的说明和学术论文，以及给予殖民地国家和人民独立宣言执行情况特别委员会全套系列报告的链接；", "4. 请新闻部继续努力更新网上有关可资非自治领土利用的援助方案的信息；", "5. 请政治事务部和新闻部执行特别委员会的各项建议，利用现有的各种媒体，包括出版物、广播和电视以及因特网，继续努力采取措施，宣传联合国在非殖民化领域的工作，其中包括：", "(a) 拟订相关程序，用以收集、编制和传播有关非自治领土人民自决问题的基本资料，特别是向非自治领土传播；", "(b) 在执行上述各项任务时，设法取得各管理国的充分合作；", "(c) 进一步探讨同领土政府非殖民化协调中心开展合作方案的设想，特别是在太平洋和加勒比区域，以协助改进信息交流工作；", "(d) 鼓励非政府组织参与传播非殖民化信息；", "(e) 鼓励非自治领土参与传播非殖民化信息；", "(f) 向特别委员会报告为执行本决议而采取的措施；", "6. 请包括管理国在内的所有国家加速传播上文第2段提到的信息；", "7. 请特别委员会继续审议这一问题，并向大会第六十七届会议报告本决议的执行情况。", "2011年12月9日", "第81次全体会议", "[1] 《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第23号》(A/66/23)，第三章。", "[2] 见第65/119号决议。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/66/434)]", "66/90. Dissemination of information on decolonization", "The General Assembly,", "Having examined the chapter of the report of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples for 2011 relating to the dissemination of information on decolonization and publicity for the work of the United Nations in the field of decolonization,[1]", "Recalling General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960, containing the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, and other resolutions and decisions of the United Nations concerning the dissemination of information on decolonization, in particular Assembly resolution 65/116 of 10 December 2010,", "Recognizing the need for flexible, practical and innovative approaches towards reviewing the options of self-determination for the peoples of Non-Self-Governing Territories with a view to implementing the plan of action for the Third International Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism,[2]", "Reiterating the importance of dissemination of information as an instrument for furthering the aims of the Declaration, and mindful of the role of world public opinion in effectively assisting the peoples of Non-Self-Governing Territories to achieve self-determination,", "Recognizing the role played by the administering Powers in transmitting information to the Secretary-General in accordance with the terms of Article 73 e of the Charter of the United Nations,", "Recognizing also the role of the Department of Public Information of the Secretariat, through the United Nations information centres, in the dissemination of information at the regional level on the activities of the United Nations,", "Recalling the issuance by the Department of Public Information, in consultation with the United Nations Development Programme, the specialized agencies and the Special Committee, of an information leaflet on assistance programmes available to the Non-Self-Governing Territories,", "Aware of the role of non-governmental organizations in the dissemination of information on decolonization,", "1. Approves the activities in the field of dissemination of information on decolonization undertaken by the Department of Public Information and the Department of Political Affairs of the Secretariat, in accordance with the relevant resolutions of the United Nations on decolonization, and recalls with satisfaction the publication, in accordance with General Assembly resolution 61/129 of 14 December 2006, of the information leaflet entitled “What the UN Can Do to Assist Non-Self-Governing Territories”, which was updated for the United Nations website on decolonization in May 2009, and encourages continued updating and wide dissemination of the information leaflet;", "2. Considers it important to continue and expand its efforts to ensure the widest possible dissemination of information on decolonization, with particular emphasis on the options for self-determination available for the peoples of Non-Self-Governing Territories, and, to this end, requests the Department of Public Information, through the United Nations information centres in the relevant regions, to actively engage and seek new and innovative ways to disseminate material to the Non-Self-Governing Territories;", "3. Requests the Secretary-General to further enhance the information provided on the United Nations decolonization website and to continue to include the full series of reports of the regional seminars on decolonization, the statements and scholarly papers presented at those seminars and links to the full series of reports of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples;", "4. Requests the Department of Public Information to continue its efforts to update web-based information on the assistance programmes available to the Non‑Self-Governing Territories;", "5. Requests the Department of Political Affairs and the Department of Public Information to implement the recommendations of the Special Committee and to continue their efforts to take measures through all the media available, including publications, radio and television, as well as the Internet, to give publicity to the work of the United Nations in the field of decolonization and, inter alia:", "(a) To develop procedures to collect, prepare and disseminate, particularly to the Non-Self-Governing Territories, basic material on the issue of self-determination of the peoples of the Territories;", "(b) To seek the full cooperation of the administering Powers in the discharge of the tasks referred to above;", "(c) To explore further the idea of a programme of collaboration with the decolonization focal points of territorial Governments, particularly in the Pacific and Caribbean regions, to help improve the exchange of information;", "(d) To encourage the involvement of non-governmental organizations in the dissemination of information on decolonization;", "(e) To encourage the involvement of the Non-Self-Governing Territories in the dissemination of information on decolonization;", "(f) To report to the Special Committee on measures taken in the implementation of the present resolution;", "6. Requests all States, including the administering Powers, to accelerate the dissemination of information referred to in paragraph 2 above;", "7. Requests the Special Committee to continue to examine this question and to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the implementation of the present resolution.", "81st plenary meeting 9 December 2011", "[1]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 23 (A/66/23), chap. III.", "[2]  See resolution 65/119." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/66/434)]", "66/90. Dissemination of information on decolonization", "The General Assembly,", "Having examined the chapter of the report of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples for 2011 relating to the dissemination of information on decolonization and publicity for the work of the United Nations in the field of decolonization, [1]", "Recalling General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960, containing the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, and other resolutions and decisions of the United Nations concerning the dissemination of information on decolonization, in particular Assembly resolution 65/116 of 10 December 2010,", "Recognizing the need for flexible, practical and innovative approaches towards reviewing the options of self-determination for the peoples of Non-Self-Governing Territories with a view to implementing the Plan of Action for the Third International Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism,[2],", "Reiterating the importance of dissemination of information as an instrument for furthering the aims of the Declaration, and mindful of the role of world public opinion in effectively assisting the peoples of Non-Self-Governing Territories to achieve self-determination,", "Recognizing the role played by the administering Powers in transmitting information to the Secretary-General in accordance with the terms of Article 73 e of the Charter of the United Nations,", "Recognizing also the role of the Department of Public Information of the Secretariat, through the United Nations information centres, in the dissemination of information at the regional level on the activities of the United Nations,", "Recalling the issuance by the Department of Public Information, in consultation with the United Nations Development Programme, the specialized agencies and the Special Committee, of an information leaflet on assistance programmes available to the Non-Self-Governing Territories,", "Aware of the role of non-governmental organizations in the dissemination of information on decolonization,", "Approves the activities in the field of dissemination of information on decolonization undertaken by the Department of Public Information and the Department of Political Affairs of the Secretariat, in accordance with the relevant resolutions of the United Nations on decolonization, recalls with satisfaction the publication in May 2009 of an information leaflet entitled “What the United Nations can do to assist Non-Self-Governing Territories”, in accordance with General Assembly resolution 61/129 of 14 December 2006, and encourages the continued updating and wide dissemination of the information leaflet;", "Considers it important to continue and expand its efforts to ensure the widest possible dissemination of information on decolonization, with particular emphasis on the options of self-determination available for the peoples of Non-Self-Governing Territories, and in this regard requests the Department of Public Information, through the United Nations information centres in the relevant regions, to actively participate in and seek innovative ways to disseminate material to the Non-Self-Governing Territories;", "3. Requests the Secretary-General to further enhance the information available on the United Nations decolonization website and to continue to include in it the full series of reports of the regional seminars on decolonization, the statements and scholarly papers presented at those seminars and links to the full series of reports of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples;", "Requests the Department of Public Information to continue its efforts to update online information on assistance programmes available to the Non-Self-Governing Territories;", "5. Requests the Department of Political Affairs and the Department of Public Information to implement the recommendations of the Special Committee and to continue their efforts to take measures through all the media available, including publications, radio and television, as well as the Internet, to give publicity to the work of the United Nations in the field of decolonization and, inter alia:", "(a) To develop procedures to collect, prepare and disseminate, particularly to the Territories, basic material on the issue of self-determination of the peoples of Non-Self-Governing Territories;", "(b) To seek the full cooperation of the administering Powers in the discharge of the tasks referred to above;", "(c) To explore further the idea of a programme of cooperation with the decolonization focal points of territorial Governments, in particular in the Pacific and Caribbean regions, to help improve the exchange of information;", "(d) To encourage the involvement of non-governmental organizations in the dissemination of information on decolonization;", "(e) To encourage the involvement of Non-Self-Governing Territories in the dissemination of information on decolonization;", "(f) To report to the Special Committee on measures taken in the implementation of the present resolution;", "Requests all States, including the administering Powers, to accelerate the dissemination of information referred to in paragraph 2 above;", "7. Requests the Special Committee to continue to examine this question and to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the implementation of the present resolution.", "9 December 2011", "81st plenary meeting", "[1] Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 23 (A/66/23), chap. III.", "[2] See resolution 65/119." ]

[ "2011年12月9日大会决议", "[根据特别政治和非殖民化委员会（第四委员会）的报告(A/66/434)通过]", "66/91.《给予殖民地国家和人民独立宣言》的执行情况", "大会，", "审查了给予殖民地国家和人民独立宣言执行情况特别委员会2011年报告，[1]", "回顾其载有《给予殖民地国家和人民独立宣言》的1960年12月14日第1514(XV)号决议和其后关于《宣言》执行情况的所有决议，最近一项是2010年12月10日第65/117号决议，以及安全理事会的有关决议，", "铭记其2010年12月10日第65/119号决议宣布2011至2020年为第三个铲除殖民主义国际十年，及有必要根据第1514(XV)号决议及其他有关非殖民化的决议，研究以何种办法可查明非自治领土人民的期望，", "认识到铲除殖民主义一直是联合国的优先任务之一，在从2011年开始的十年中仍然是其优先任务之一，", "遗憾地注意到按照2000年12月8日第55/146号决议的要求为至迟于2010年消除殖民主义而采取的措施未获成功，", "重申深信必须铲除殖民主义以及种族歧视和侵犯基本人权的行为，", "满意地注意到特别委员会在促进有效和彻底执行《宣言》及联合国关于非殖民化的其他有关决议方面不断努力，", "强调指出各管理国正式参与特别委员会工作的重要性，", "满意地注意到某些管理国对特别委员会的工作给予合作和积极参与，鼓励其他管理国也这样做，", "注意到2011年5月31日至6月2日在金斯敦举行了加勒比区域讨论会，", "1. 重申其第1514(XV)号决议和关于非殖民化的所有其他决议和决定，包括宣布2011-2020年为第三个铲除殖民主义国际十年的第65/119号决议，并吁请各管理国依照这些决议，采取一切必要步骤，使有关非自治领土的人民能够尽早充分行使包括独立在内的自决权；", "2. 再次重申任何形式和表现的殖民主义的存在，包括经济剥削在内，都与《联合国宪章》、《给予殖民地国家和人民独立宣言》和《世界人权宣言》[2] 相抵触；", "3. 重申决心继续采取一切必要步骤，迅速彻底铲除殖民主义，并使所有国家忠实遵守《宪章》、《给予殖民地国家和人民独立宣言》和《世界人权宣言》的有关条款；", "4. 再次申明支持在殖民统治下的人民实现其愿望，根据联合国关于非殖民化的有关决议行使包括独立在内的自决权；", "5. 吁请各管理国同给予殖民地国家和人民独立宣言执行情况特别委员会充分合作，尽早根据各非自治领土的具体情况为其制定和确定一项建设性工作方案，以便利执行特别委员会的任务和执行关于非殖民化的有关决议，包括关于特定领土的决议；", "6. 满意地回顾在联合国监督下，为确定托克劳的未来地位，于2006年2月和2007年10月举行了专业、公开和透明的全民投票；", "7. 请特别委员会继续寻求适当的途径，立即充分执行《宣言》，并在所有尚未行使包括独立在内的自决权的领土内，开展大会为第二个和第三个铲除殖民主义国际十年核可的行动，特别是：", "(a) 拟订终止殖民主义的具体提议，并就此向大会第六十七届会议提出报告；", "(b) 继续审查各会员国执行第1514(XV)号决议及关于非殖民化的其他决议的情况；", "(c) 继续审查各非自治领土的政治、经济和社会状况，并酌情向大会建议为使这些领土的人民根据关于非殖民化的有关决议，包括关于具体领土的决议，行使包括独立在内的自决权而应采取的最适当步骤；", "(d) 与有关管理国和领土合作，尽早根据各非自治领土的具体情况为其制定和确定一项建设性工作方案，以便利执行特别委员会的任务和执行关于非殖民化的有关决议，包括关于特定领土的决议；", "(e) 根据关于非殖民化的有关决议，包括关于特定领土的决议，继续向各非自治领土派遣视察团和特派团；", "(f) 酌情举办讨论会，以便获取和传播关于特别委员会工作的信息，并为非自治领土人民参加这些讨论会提供便利；", "(g) 采取一切必要步骤，为实现《宣言》的目标和执行联合国的有关决议，争取世界各国政府以及国家组织和国际组织的支持；", "(h) 每年举行声援非自治领土人民团结周的活动；[3]", "8. 回顾经必要更新的第二个铲除殖民主义国际十年行动计划[4] 构成非自治领土实现自治的重要法律根据，而且根据各领土的具体情况评估其实现自治情形可对此一进程作出重大贡献；", "9. 吁请所有国家，特别是各管理国，以及联合国系统各专门机构和其他组织，在各自职权范围内实施特别委员会关于执行《宣言》及联合国其他有关决议的建议；", "10. 吁请各管理国确保在其管理下的非自治领土内的经济活动和其他活动不会对领土人民的利益造成不利影响，而是能够促进发展，并帮助他们行使自决权；", "11. 敦促有关管理国采取有效措施，保障和保证非自治领土人民对其自然资源的不可剥夺权利，对这些资源的未来开发实行和维持控制，并请某有关管理国采取一切必要步骤，保护领土人民的产权；", "12. 敦促所有国家直接和通过其在联合国系统各专门机构和其他组织中的行动，按需要向各非自治领土人民提供道义和物质上的援助，并请各管理国采取步骤，争取并有效利用一切可能的双边和多边援助，以加强这些领土的经济；", "13. 请秘书长、联合国系统各专门机构和其他组织向非自治领土提供经济、社会和其他援助，并在它们行使包括独立在内的自决权后酌情继续提供这种援助；", "14. 重申向各领土派遣联合国视察团是查明领土情况及其居民的期望和愿望的有效办法，吁请各管理国继续与特别委员会合作，以便特别委员会履行其任务，并为视察团前往领土提供便利；", "15. 吁请所有管理国对特别委员会的工作予以全面合作，并正式参与特别委员会的未来届会；", "16. 核可给予殖民地国家和人民独立宣言执行情况特别委员会关于其2011年工作的报告，¹ 包括2012年预计工作方案；", "17. 请秘书长向特别委员会提供必要的便利和服务，以执行本决议以及大会和特别委员会通过的关于非殖民化的其他决议和决定。", "2011年12月9日", "第81次全体会议", "[1] 《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第23号》(A/66/23)。", "[2] 第217A(III)号决议。", "[3] 见第54/91号决议。", "[4] A/56/61，附件。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/66/434)]", "66/91. Implementation of the Declaration on the granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples", "The General Assembly,", "Having examined the report of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples for 2011,[1]", "Recalling its resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960, containing the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, and all its subsequent resolutions concerning the implementation of the Declaration, the most recent of which was resolution 65/117 of 10 December 2010, as well as the relevant resolutions of the Security Council,", "Bearing in mind its resolution 65/119 of 10 December 2010, by which it declared the period 2011–2020 the Third International Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism, and the need to examine ways to ascertain the wishes of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories on the basis of resolution 1514 (XV) and other relevant resolutions on decolonization,", "Recognizing that the eradication of colonialism has been one of the priorities of the United Nations and continues to be one of its priorities for the decade that began in 2011,", "Regretting that measures to eliminate colonialism by 2010, as called for in its resolution 55/146 of 8 December 2000, have not been successful,", "Reiterating its conviction of the need for the eradication of colonialism, as well as racial discrimination and violations of basic human rights,", "Noting with satisfaction the continued efforts of the Special Committee in contributing to the effective and complete implementation of the Declaration and other relevant resolutions of the United Nations on decolonization,", "Stressing the importance of the formal participation of the administering Powers in the work of the Special Committee,", "Noting with satisfaction the cooperation and active participation of certain administering Powers in the work of the Special Committee, and encouraging the others also to do so,", "Noting that the Caribbean regional seminar was held in Kingstown from 31 May to 2 June 2011,", "1. Reaffirms its resolution 1514 (XV) and all other resolutions and decisions on decolonization, including its resolution 65/119, by which it declared the period 2011–2020 the Third International Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism, and calls upon the administering Powers, in accordance with those resolutions, to take all steps necessary to enable the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories concerned to exercise fully as soon as possible their right to self-determination, including independence;", "2. Reaffirms once again that the existence of colonialism in any form or manifestation, including economic exploitation, is incompatible with the Charter of the United Nations, the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights;[2]", "3. Reaffirms its determination to continue to take all steps necessary to bring about the complete and speedy eradication of colonialism and the faithful observance by all States of the relevant provisions of the Charter, the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights;", "4. Affirms once again its support for the aspirations of the peoples under colonial rule to exercise their right to self-determination, including independence, in accordance with the relevant resolutions of the United Nations on decolonization;", "5. Calls upon the administering Powers to cooperate fully with the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples to develop and finalize, as soon as possible, a constructive programme of work on a case-by-case basis for the Non-Self-Governing Territories to facilitate the implementation of the mandate of the Special Committee and the relevant resolutions on decolonization, including resolutions on specific Territories;", "6. Recalls with satisfaction the professional, open and transparent conduct of both the February 2006 and the October 2007 referendums to determine the future status of Tokelau, monitored by the United Nations;", "7. Requests the Special Committee to continue to seek suitable means for the immediate and full implementation of the Declaration and to carry out the actions approved by the General Assembly regarding the Second and Third International Decades for the Eradication of Colonialism in all Territories that have not yet exercised their right to self-determination, including independence, and in particular:", "(a) To formulate specific proposals to bring about an end to colonialism and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "(b) To continue to examine the implementation by Member States of resolution 1514 (XV) and other relevant resolutions on decolonization;", "(c) To continue to examine the political, economic and social situation in the Non-Self-Governing Territories, and to recommend, as appropriate, to the General Assembly the most suitable steps to be taken to enable the populations of those Territories to exercise their right to self-determination, including independence, in accordance with the relevant resolutions on decolonization, including resolutions on specific Territories;", "(d) To develop and finalize, as soon as possible and in cooperation with the administering Power and the Territory in question, a constructive programme of work on a case-by-case basis for the Non-Self-Governing Territories to facilitate the implementation of the mandate of the Special Committee and the relevant resolutions on decolonization, including resolutions on specific Territories;", "(e) To continue to dispatch visiting and special missions to the Non-Self-Governing Territories in accordance with the relevant resolutions on decolonization, including resolutions on specific Territories;", "(f) To conduct seminars, as appropriate, for the purpose of receiving and disseminating information on the work of the Special Committee, and to facilitate participation by the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories in those seminars;", "(g) To take all steps necessary to enlist worldwide support among Governments, as well as national and international organizations, for the achievement of the objectives of the Declaration and the implementation of the relevant resolutions of the United Nations;", "(h) To observe annually the Week of Solidarity with the Peoples of Non‑Self-Governing Territories;[3]", "8. Recalls that the plan of action for the Second International Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism,[4] updated as necessary, represents an important legislative authority for the attainment of self-government by the Non-Self-Governing Territories, and that the case-by-case assessment of the attainment of self-government in each Territory can make an important contribution to this process;", "9. Calls upon all States, in particular the administering Powers, as well as the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system, to give effect within their respective spheres of competence to the recommendations of the Special Committee for the implementation of the Declaration and other relevant resolutions of the United Nations;", "10. Calls upon the administering Powers to ensure that economic and other activities in the Non-Self-Governing Territories under their administration do not adversely affect the interests of the peoples but instead promote development, and to assist them in the exercise of their right to self-determination;", "11. Urges the administering Powers concerned to take effective measures to safeguard and guarantee the inalienable rights of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories to their natural resources and to establish and maintain control over the future development of those resources, and requests the relevant administering Power to take all steps necessary to protect the property rights of the peoples of those Territories;", "12. Urges all States, directly and through their action in the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system, to provide moral and material assistance, as needed, to the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories, and requests the administering Powers to take steps to enlist and make effective use of all possible assistance, on both a bilateral and a multilateral basis, in the strengthening of the economies of those Territories;", "13. Requests the Secretary-General, the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system to provide economic, social and other assistance to the Non-Self-Governing Territories and to continue to do so, as appropriate, after they exercise their right to self-determination, including independence;", "14. Reaffirms that the United Nations visiting missions to the Territories are an effective means of ascertaining the situation in the Territories, as well as the wishes and aspirations of their inhabitants, and calls upon the administering Powers to continue to cooperate with the Special Committee in the discharge of its mandate and to facilitate visiting missions to the Territories;", "15. Calls upon all the administering Powers to cooperate fully in the work of the Special Committee and to participate formally in its future sessions;", "16. Approves the report of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples covering its work during 2011, including the programme of work envisaged for 2012;¹", "17. Requests the Secretary-General to provide the Special Committee with the facilities and services required for the implementation of the present resolution, as well as the other resolutions and decisions on decolonization adopted by the General Assembly and the Special Committee.", "81st plenary meeting 9 December 2011", "[1]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 23 (A/66/23).", "[2]  Resolution 217 A (III).", "[3]  See resolution 54/91.", "[4]  A/56/61, annex." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/66/434)]", "66/91. Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples", "The General Assembly,", "Having examined the report of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples for 2011, [1]", "Recalling its resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960, containing the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, and all its subsequent resolutions concerning the implementation of the Declaration, the latest of which was resolution 65/117 of 10 December 2010, as well as the relevant resolutions of the Security Council,", "Bearing in mind its resolution 65/119 of 10 December 2010, by which it declared the period 2011-2020 the Third International Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism, and the need to examine ways to ascertain the wishes of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories on the basis of resolution 1514 (XV) and other relevant resolutions on decolonization,", "Recognizing that the eradication of colonialism has been one of the priorities of the United Nations and continues to be one of its priorities for the decade that began in 2011,", "Regretting the unsuccessful measures taken to eliminate colonialism by 2010, as called for in its resolution 55/146 of 8 December 2000,", "Reiterating its conviction of the need for the eradication of colonialism, as well as racial discrimination and violations of basic human rights,", "Noting with satisfaction the continuing efforts of the Special Committee in contributing to the effective and complete implementation of the Declaration and other relevant resolutions of the United Nations on decolonization,", "Stressing the importance of the formal participation of the administering Powers in the work of the Special Committee,", "Noting with satisfaction the cooperation and active participation of certain administering Powers in the work of the Special Committee, and encouraging the others also to do so,", "Noting that the Caribbean regional seminar was held in Kingston from 31 May to 2 June 2011,", "1. Reaffirms its resolution 1514 (XV) and all other resolutions and decisions on decolonization, including its resolution 65/119, by which it declared the period 2011-2020 the Third International Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism, and calls upon the administering Powers, in accordance with those resolutions, to take all necessary steps to enable the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories concerned to exercise fully as soon as possible their right to self-determination, including independence;", "2. Reaffirms once again that the existence of colonialism in any form or manifestation, including economic exploitation, is incompatible with the Charter of the United Nations, the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights;", "Reaffirms its determination to continue to take all steps necessary to bring about the complete and speedy eradication of colonialism and the faithful observance by all States of the relevant provisions of the Charter, the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights;", "4. Affirms once again its support for the aspirations of the peoples under colonial rule to exercise their right to self-determination, including independence, in accordance with the relevant resolutions of the United Nations on decolonization;", "Calls upon the administering Powers to cooperate fully with the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples to develop and finalize, as soon as possible, a constructive programme of work on a case-by-case basis for the Non-Self-Governing Territories to facilitate the implementation of the mandate of the Special Committee and the relevant resolutions on decolonization, including resolutions on specific Territories;", "Recalls with satisfaction the professional, open and transparent conduct of the referendums in February 2006 and October 2007 under the supervision of the United Nations to determine the future status of Tokelau;", "Requests the Special Committee to continue to seek suitable means for the immediate and full implementation of the Declaration and to carry out the actions approved by the General Assembly regarding the Second and Third International Decades for the Eradication of Colonialism in all Territories that have not yet exercised their right to self-determination, including independence, and in particular:", "(a) To formulate specific proposals to bring about an end to colonialism and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "(b) To continue to examine the implementation by Member States of resolution 1514 (XV) and other relevant resolutions on decolonization;", "(c) To continue to examine the political, economic and social situation in the Non-Self-Governing Territories and to recommend, as appropriate, to the General Assembly the most suitable steps to be taken to enable the populations of those Territories to exercise their right to self-determination, including independence, in accordance with the relevant resolutions on decolonization, including resolutions on specific Territories;", "(d) To develop and finalize, as soon as possible and in cooperation with the administering Power and the Territory concerned, a constructive programme of work on a case-by-case basis for the Non-Self-Governing Territories to facilitate the implementation of the mandate of the Special Committee and the relevant resolutions on decolonization, including resolutions on specific Territories;", "(e) To continue to dispatch visiting and special missions to the Non-Self-Governing Territories in accordance with relevant resolutions on decolonization, including resolutions on specific Territories;", "(f) To conduct seminars, as appropriate, for the purpose of receiving and disseminating information on the work of the Special Committee, and to facilitate participation by the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories in those seminars;", "(g) To take all necessary steps to enlist worldwide support among Governments, as well as national and international organizations, for the achievement of the objectives of the Declaration and the implementation of the relevant resolutions of the United Nations;", "(h) To observe annually the Week of Solidarity with the Peoples of Non-Self-Governing Territories; [3]", "8. Recalls that the plan of action for the Second International Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism, updated where necessary, [4] constitutes an important legislative authority for the attainment of self-government by the Non-Self-Governing Territories, and that an assessment of their attainment of self-government on a case-by-case basis can make a significant contribution to this process;", "Calls upon all States, in particular the administering Powers, as well as the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system, to give effect within their respective spheres of competence to the recommendations of the Special Committee for the implementation of the Declaration and other relevant resolutions of the United Nations;", "Calls upon the administering Powers to ensure that economic and other activities in the Non-Self-Governing Territories under their administration do not adversely affect the interests of the peoples but instead promote development, and to assist them in the exercise of their right to self-determination;", "Urges the administering Powers concerned to take effective measures to safeguard and guarantee the inalienable rights of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories to their natural resources and to establish and maintain control over the future development of those resources, and requests the administering Power concerned to take all necessary steps to protect the property rights of the peoples of those Territories;", "Urges all States, directly and through their action in the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system, to provide moral and material assistance as needed to the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories, and requests the administering Powers to take steps to enlist and make effective use of all possible assistance, on both a bilateral and a multilateral basis, in the strengthening of the economies of those Territories;", "13. Requests the Secretary-General, the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system to provide economic, social and other assistance to the Non-Self-Governing Territories and to continue to do so, as appropriate, after they exercise their right to self-determination, including independence;", "14. Reaffirms that the United Nations visiting missions to the Territories are an effective means of ascertaining the situation in the Territories, as well as the wishes and aspirations of their inhabitants, and calls upon the administering Powers to continue to cooperate with the Special Committee in the discharge of its mandate and to facilitate visiting missions to the Territories;", "15. Calls upon all the administering Powers to cooperate fully in the work of the Special Committee and to participate formally in its future sessions;", "16. Approves the report of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples covering its work during 2011,1 including the programme of work envisaged for 2012;", "17. Requests the Secretary-General to provide the Special Committee with the facilities and services required for the implementation of the present resolution, as well as the other resolutions and decisions on decolonization adopted by the General Assembly and the Special Committee.", "9 December 2011", "81st plenary meeting", "[1] Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 23 (A/66/23).", "[2] Resolution 217 A (III).", "[3] See resolution 54/91.", "[4] A/56/61, annex." ]

[ "2011年12月9日大会决议", "[根据第六委员会的报告(A/66/469)通过]", "66/92. 国家继承涉及的自然人国籍问题", "大会，", "审查了题为“国家继承涉及的自然人国籍问题”的项目，", "回顾其1999年12月9日第54/112号决议，其中决定在大会第五十五届会议上审议国际法委员会拟订的国家继承涉及的自然人国籍问题的条款草案，", "又回顾其2000年12月12日第55/153号决议，其附件载有国家继承涉及的自然人国籍问题的条款，", "还回顾其2004年12月2日第59/34号决议和2008年12月11日第63/118号决议，", "考虑到各国政府的评论和意见[1] 及在大会第五十九、六十三和六十六届会议期间第六委员会特别是为防止因国家继承而出现无国籍状态，讨论了国家继承涉及的自然人国籍问题以及就此拟订一项法律文书是否可取的问题，[2]", "在这方面注意到在区域一级为拟订关于避免因国家继承而出现无国籍状态的法律文书而做出的努力，", "1. 再次请各国政府在处理国家继承涉及的自然人国籍问题时，酌情考虑大会第55/153号决议附件内的条款的规定；", "2. 再次鼓励各国特别是为防止因国家继承而出现无国籍状态，在区域或次区域一级酌情考虑拟订关于国家继承涉及的自然人国籍问题的法律文书；", "3. 强调这些条款的价值，能为各国处理国家继承涉及的自然人国籍问题提供指导，特别是帮助避免出现无国籍状态；", "4. 决定应任何一国请求，参考与这类事项有关的国家实践的发展情况，在适当时候再次审议国家继承涉及的自然人国籍问题。", "2011年12月9日", "第82次全体会议", "[1] ¹ A/59/180和Add.1和2；A/63/113；A/66/178和Add.1。", "[2] ² 见《大会正式记录，第五十九届会议，第六委员会》，第15次会议(A/C.6/59/SR.15)和更正；同上，《第六十三届会议，第六委员会》，第11次会议(A/C.6/63/SR.11)和更正；及同上，《第六十六届会议，第六委员会》，第15次会议(A/C.6/66/SR.15)和更正。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Sixth Committee (A/66/469)]", "66/92. Nationality of natural persons in relation to the succession of States", "The General Assembly,", "Having examined the item entitled “Nationality of natural persons in relation to the succession of States”,", "Recalling its resolution 54/112 of 9 December 1999, in which it decided to consider at its fifty-fifth session the draft articles on nationality of natural persons in relation to the succession of States prepared by the International Law Commission,", "Recalling also its resolution 55/153 of 12 December 2000, the annex to which contains the articles on nationality of natural persons in relation to the succession of States,", "Recalling further its resolutions 59/34 of 2 December 2004 and 63/118 of 11 December 2008,", "Taking into consideration the comments and observations of Governments[1] and the discussions held in the Sixth Committee at the fifty-ninth, sixty-third and sixty-sixth sessions of the General Assembly[2] on the question of nationality of natural persons in relation to the succession of States, with a view, in particular, to preventing the occurrence of statelessness as a result of a succession of States, as well as on the advisability of elaborating a legal instrument on this question,", "Taking note, in this regard, of the efforts made at the regional level towards the elaboration of a legal instrument on the avoidance of statelessness in relation to State succession,", "1. Reiterates its invitation to Governments to take into account, as appropriate, the provisions of the articles contained in the annex to resolution 55/153, in dealing with issues of nationality of natural persons in relation to the succession of States;", "2. Once again encourages States to consider, as appropriate, at the regional or subregional levels, the elaboration of legal instruments regulating questions of nationality of natural persons in relation to the succession of States, with a view, in particular, to preventing the occurrence of statelessness as a result of a succession of States;", "3. Emphasizes the value of the articles in providing guidance to the States dealing with issues of nationality of natural persons in relation to the succession of States, in particular concerning the avoidance of statelessness;", "4. Decides that, upon the request of any State, it will revert to the question of nationality of natural persons in relation to the succession of States at an appropriate time, in the light of the development of State practice in these matters.", "82nd plenary meeting 9 December 2011", "[1]  A/59/180 and Add.1 and 2, A/63/113 and A/66/178 and Add.1.", "[2]  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Fifty-ninth Session, Sixth Committee, 15th meeting (A/C.6/59/SR.15), and corrigendum; ibid., Sixty-third Session, Sixth Committee, 11th meeting (A/C.6/63/SR.11), and corrigendum; and ibid., Sixty-sixth Session, Sixth Committee, 15th meeting (A/C.6/66/SR.15), and corrigendum." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Sixth Committee (A/66/469)]", "66/92. Nationality of natural persons in relation to the succession of States", "The General Assembly,", "Having examined the item entitled “Nationality of natural persons in relation to the succession of States”,", "Recalling its resolution 54/112 of 9 December 1999, in which it decided to consider at its fifty-fifth session the draft articles on nationality of natural persons in relation to the succession of States prepared by the International Law Commission,", "Recalling also its resolution 55/153 of 12 December 2000, the annex to which contains the articles on nationality of natural persons in relation to the succession of States,", "Recalling further its resolutions 59/34 of 2 December 2004 and 63/118 of 11 December 2008,", "Taking into account the comments and observations of Governments, as well as the discussion in the Sixth Committee during the fifty-ninth, sixty-third and sixty-sixth sessions of the General Assembly on the question of nationality of natural persons in relation to the succession of States and the desirability of elaborating a legal instrument thereon, in particular with a view to preventing statelessness as a result of a succession of States, [2]", "Noting, in this regard, the efforts made at the regional level to elaborate a legal instrument on the avoidance of statelessness as a result of State succession,", "1. Reiterates its invitation to Governments to take into account, as appropriate, the provisions of the articles contained in the annex to General Assembly resolution 55/153 when dealing with questions of nationality of natural persons in relation to the succession of States;", "2. Once again encourages States to consider, as appropriate, at the regional or subregional levels, the elaboration of legal instruments on nationality of natural persons in relation to the succession of States, with a view to preventing statelessness as a result of State succession;", "3. Stresses the value of the articles as a guide to States in dealing with the nationality of natural persons in relation to the succession of States, in particular in helping to avoid statelessness;", "4. Decides, at the request of any State, to revert to the question of nationality of natural persons in relation to the succession of States in due course, in the light of developments in State practice relating to such matters.", "9 December 2011", "82nd PLENARY MEETING", "[1] 1 A/59/180 and Add.1 and 2; A/63/113; A/66/178 and Add.1.", "[2] 2 See Official Records of the General Assembly, Fifty-ninth Session, Sixth Committee, 15th meeting (A/C.6/59/SR.15) and corrigendum; ibid., Sixty-third Session, Sixth Committee, 11th meeting (A/C.6/63/SR.11) and corrigendum; and ibid., Sixty-sixth Session, Sixth Committee, 15th meeting (A/C.6/66/SR.15) and corrigendum." ]

[ "2011年12月9日大会决议", "[根据第六委员会的报告(A/66/470)通过]", "66/93. 追究联合国官员和特派专家的刑事责任", "大会，", "回顾其2005年3月29日第59/281号决议，其中认可维持和平行动特别委员会的建议，请秘书长向联合国会员国提供一份关于联合国维持和平行动内的性剥削和性虐待问题的综合报告，[1]", "又回顾2005年3月24日秘书长向大会主席转递了秘书长顾问关于联合国维持和平人员的性剥削和性虐待问题的报告，[2]", "还回顾其2005年6月22日第59/300号决议认可维持和平行动特别委员会的建议：设立一个法律专家组，提出最佳办法以确保实现《联合国宪章》原意，即联合国工作人员和特派专家绝不得在实际上对在其工作地点实施的犯罪行为的后果享有豁免，也不得不经适当程序，受到不公正的处罚，[3]", "承认联合国官员和特派专家为落实《宪章》宗旨和原则作出的宝贵贡献，", "重申需要促进和确保尊重国际法原则和规则，", "又重申本决议不损害国际法赋予联合国官员和特派专家及联合国的特权和豁免，", "还重申联合国官员和特派专家有义务尊重东道国国家法律，东道国有权根据国际法有关规则和关于联合国特派团运作的协定，在适用情况下行使刑事管辖权，", "深为关注关于犯罪行为的报告，意识到这种行为如不加调查和酌情起诉，将造成一种负面印象，即联合国官员和特派专家的行为可以不受惩罚，", "重申必须确保联合国所有官员和特派专家在工作中注意维护联合国的形象、信誉、公正廉明，", "强调这些人实施的罪行不可接受，危害联合国任务的完成，特别是危害联合国与东道国当地居民的关系，", "意识到必须保护犯罪行为被害人的权利，确保证人得到适当保护，并回顾2007年12月21日通过了关于《联合国关于援助和支持受联合国工作人员和有关人员性剥削和性虐待受害人的全面战略》的第62/214号决议，", "强调必须加强国际合作，确保追究联合国官员和特派专家的刑事责任，", "回顾其设立追究联合国官员和特派专家刑事责任问题特设委员会的2006年12月4日第61/29号决议，", "在以前各届会议上审议了秘书长根据第59/300号决议设立的法律专家组的报告[4] 和特设委员会的报告，[5] 以及秘书处关于追究联合国官员和特派专家刑事责任问题的说明[6] 和秘书长关于此问题的各次报告，[7]", "回顾其2007年12月6日第62/63号、2008年12月11日第63/119号、2009年12月16日第64/110号和2010年12月6日第65/20号决议，", "又回顾大会决定，铭记其第62/63号和第63/119号决议的规定，考虑到会员国的意见和秘书处的说明中所载的资料，在第六十七届会议期间在第六委员会一个工作组的框架内继续审议法律专家组的报告，特别是法律方面的问题，", "深信联合国及其会员国继续有必要紧急采取强有力的有效措施，确保追究联合国官员和特派专家的刑事责任，以求正义，", "1. 注意到秘书长的报告；[8]", "2. 强烈敦促各国采取一切适当措施，确保联合国官员和特派专家犯罪不会不受惩处，并在不损害国际法赋予此类人员和联合国的特权和豁免的情况下，依照国际人权标准，包括适当程序的规定，将这些犯罪的行为人绳之以法；", "3. 强烈敦促所有尚未对下述犯罪行为确立管辖权的国家考虑确立管辖权：特别是由本国国民在担任联合国官员或特派专家时实施的为本国国内现行刑法所认定的严重性质犯罪行为，至少在确立管辖权的国家本国法律所界定的此种行为根据东道国法律也构成犯罪的情况下这样做；", "4. 鼓励所有国家彼此合作并与联合国合作，交流信息，根据国内法律和适用的联合国规章，便利对被指称实施性质严重的罪行的联合国官员和特派专家进行调查，酌情起诉，同时充分尊重适当程序权利，并考虑加强有关各国国家当局调查和起诉此类犯罪的能力；", "5. 又鼓励所有国家：", "(a) 在针对联合国官员和特派专家所实施性质严重的罪行的刑事调查或刑事程序或引渡程序方面，相互援助，包括按照各国国内法或各国之间可能存在的关于引渡和司法互助的任何条约或其他安排，协助获得各国所掌握的证据；", "(b) 依照其国内法，探讨各种方法和手段，为在其境内起诉联合国官员和特派专家所实施性质严重的罪行而启动的刑事程序的需要，便利可能利用从联合国获得的信息和材料，同时牢记适当程序的各种考虑；", "(c) 依照其国内法，为据称为联合国官员和特派专家所实施性质严重罪行的受害人、证人以及提供相关信息的其他人提供有效保护，并为受害人获得受害者援助方案的援助提供便利，但不妨碍被指控的行为人的权利，包括与适当程序相关的权利；", "(d) 依照其国内法，探讨各种方法和手段，充分响应东道国有关支持和援助的请求，以加强其能力，对据称联合国官员和特派专家所实施性质严重的罪行开展有效调查；", "6. 请秘书处继续确保，在向会员国发出关于提供人员担任特派专家的请求时，使有关国家了解到一项预期，即以此种身份任职人员的举止和行为均应达到高标准，并意识到某些行为可能构成犯罪，会被追究个人责任；", "7. 敦促秘书长继续在其职权范围内采取其他切实措施，通过为联合国官员和特派专家开展部署前培训和随团上岗培训等途径，加强关于联合国行为标准的现有培训；", "8. 重申决定铭记第62/63号和第63/119号决议的规定，考虑到会员国的意见和秘书处的说明⁶ 所载的资料，在大会第六十七届会议期间由第六委员会一个工作组继续审议法律专家组的报告，特别是其法律方面问题，⁴ 为此请会员国就该报告，包括就今后行动的问题，发表进一步评论；", "9. 请秘书长提请被指控人国籍国注意显示联合国官员或特派专家可能实施了犯罪的可信指控，并请这些国家说明其调查和酌情起诉性质严重的犯罪的工作的现状，以及各国为此种调查和起诉的目的可能希望从秘书处获得哪些类型的适当协助；", "10. 敦促各国在适当时候向秘书长提供信息，说明各国是如何处理秘书长按上文第9段的要求提请它们注意的可信的指控的；", "11. 请联合国在对有关指控的调查显示联合国官员或特派专家可能实施了性质严重的罪行时，考虑采取任何适当措施，为各国所启动的刑事程序的需要，便利可能利用有关信息和材料，同时牢记适当程序的各种考虑；", "12. 鼓励联合国在联合国行政调查确定针对联合国官员或特派专家的指控没有根据时，为了本组织的利益，采取适当措施，恢复这些官员和特派专家的信誉和声望；", "13. 敦促联合国继续与行使管辖权的各国合作，在关于联合国活动的相关国际法规则和协定的框架内，为各国所启动的刑事程序的需要，向其提供信息和材料；", "14. 强调联合国依照本组织的适用规则，对举报指控联合国官员和特派专家实施性质严重的罪行的联合国官员和特派专家，不得进行报复或威胁；", "15. 赞赏地注意到各国政府响应大会第62/63、63/119、64/110和65/20号决议的要求提供的资料，敦促各国政府继续采取必要措施执行这些决议，包括其中关于对犯罪行为确立管辖权的规定，特别是对本国国民在担任联合国官员或特派专家时实施的为本国国内现行刑法所认定的严重性质犯罪行为确立管辖权，同时进行各国间的合作，并在向秘书长提交的资料中具体详述这方面的情况，特别是与本决议第3段有关的情况；", "16. 再次请秘书长根据各国政府和秘书处提交的资料，向大会第六十七届会议报告本决议执行情况，特别是以上第3、5、8和9段的执行情况，以及执行中的任何实际问题；", "17. 请秘书长在报告中列入关于联合国官员和特派专家所实施性质严重的罪行的可信指控的数目和类型以及联合国和会员国所采取的行动的资料，包括关于为确保全面报告事件而做的努力的资料；", "18. 决定将题为“追究联合国官员和特派专家的刑事责任”的项目列入大会第六十七届会议临时议程。", "2011年12月9日", "第82次全体会议", "[1] ¹ 见《大会正式记录，第五十九届会议，补编第19号》(A/59/19/Rev.1)，第一部分，第三章，D节，第56段。", "[2] ² 见A/59/710。", "[3] ³ 见《大会正式记录，第五十九届会议，补编第19号》(A/59/19/Rev.1)，第二部分，第二章，N节，第40(a)段。", "[4] ⁴ 见A/60/980。", "[5] ⁵ 《大会正式记录，第六十二届会议，补编第54号》(A/62/54)；同上，《第六十三届会议，补编第54号》(A/63/54)。", "[6] ⁶ A/62/329。", "[7] ⁷ A/63/260和Add.1；A/64/183和Add.1；及A/65/185。", "[8] ⁸ A/66/174和Add.1。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Sixth Committee (A/66/470)]", "66/93. Criminal accountability of United Nations officials and experts on mission", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 59/281 of 29 March 2005, in which it endorsed the recommendation of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations that the Secretary-General make available to the United Nations membership a comprehensive report on the issue of sexual exploitation and abuse in United Nations peacekeeping operations,[1]", "Recalling also that the Secretary-General, on 24 March 2005, transmitted to the President of the General Assembly a report of his Adviser concerning sexual exploitation and abuse by United Nations peacekeeping personnel,[2]", "Recalling further its resolution 59/300 of 22 June 2005, in which it endorsed the recommendation of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations that a group of legal experts be established to provide advice on the best way to proceed so as to ensure that the original intent of the Charter of the United Nations can be achieved, namely that United Nations staff and experts on mission would never be effectively exempt from the consequences of criminal acts committed at their duty station, nor unjustly penalized, without due process,[3]", "Recognizing the valuable contribution of United Nations officials and experts on mission towards the fulfilment of the purposes and principles of the Charter,", "Reaffirming the need to promote and ensure respect for the principles and rules of international law,", "Reaffirming also that the present resolution is without prejudice to the privileges and immunities of United Nations officials and experts on mission and the United Nations under international law,", "Reaffirming further the obligation of United Nations officials and experts on mission to respect the national laws of the host State, as well as the right of the host State to exercise, where applicable, its criminal jurisdiction, in accordance with the relevant rules of international law and agreements governing operations of United Nations missions,", "Deeply concerned by reports of criminal conduct, and conscious that such conduct, if not investigated and, as appropriate, prosecuted, would create the negative impression that United Nations officials and experts on mission operate with impunity,", "Reaffirming the need to ensure that all United Nations officials and experts on mission function in a manner that preserves the image, credibility, impartiality and integrity of the United Nations,", "Emphasizing that crimes committed by such persons are unacceptable and have a detrimental effect on the fulfilment of the mandate of the United Nations, in particular with respect to the relations between the United Nations and the local population in the host country,", "Conscious of the importance of protecting the rights of victims of criminal conduct, as well as of ensuring adequate protection for witnesses, and recalling the adoption of its resolution 62/214 of 21 December 2007 on the United Nations Comprehensive Strategy on Assistance and Support to Victims of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse by United Nations Staff and Related Personnel,", "Emphasizing the need to enhance international cooperation to ensure the criminal accountability of United Nations officials and experts on mission,", "Recalling its resolution 61/29 of 4 December 2006, by which it established the Ad Hoc Committee on criminal accountability of United Nations officials and experts on mission,", "Having considered at its previous sessions the report of the Group of Legal Experts established by the Secretary-General pursuant to its resolution 59/300[4] and the reports of the Ad Hoc Committee,[5] as well as the note by the Secretariat[6] and the reports of the Secretary-General[7] on criminal accountability of United Nations officials and experts on mission,", "Recalling its resolutions 62/63 of 6 December 2007, 63/119 of 11 December 2008, 64/110 of 16 December 2009 and 65/20 of 6 December 2010,", "Recalling also its decision that, bearing in mind its resolutions 62/63 and 63/119, the consideration of the report of the Group of Legal Experts, in particular its legal aspects, taking into account the views of Member States and the information contained in the note by the Secretariat, shall be continued during its sixty-seventh session in the framework of a working group of the Sixth Committee,", "Convinced of the continuing need for the United Nations and its Member States to urgently take strong and effective steps to ensure the criminal accountability of United Nations officials and experts on mission in the interest of justice,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General;[8]", "2. Strongly urges States to take all appropriate measures to ensure that crimes by United Nations officials and experts on mission do not go unpunished and that the perpetrators of such crimes are brought to justice, without prejudice to the privileges and immunities of such persons and the United Nations under international law, and in accordance with international human rights standards, including due process;", "3. Strongly urges all States to consider establishing, to the extent that they have not yet done so, jurisdiction over crimes, particularly those of a serious nature, as known in their existing domestic criminal laws, committed by their nationals while serving as United Nations officials or experts on mission, at least where the conduct as defined in the law of the State establishing jurisdiction also constitutes a crime under the laws of the host State;", "4. Encourages all States to cooperate with each other and with the United Nations in the exchange of information and in facilitating the conduct of investigations and, as appropriate, the prosecution of United Nations officials and experts on mission who are alleged to have committed crimes of a serious nature, in accordance with their domestic law and applicable United Nations rules and regulations, fully respecting due process rights, as well as to consider strengthening the capacities of their national authorities to investigate and prosecute such crimes;", "5. Also encourages all States:", "(a) To afford each other assistance in connection with criminal investigations or criminal or extradition proceedings in respect of crimes of a serious nature committed by United Nations officials and experts on mission, including assistance in obtaining evidence at their disposal, in accordance with their domestic law or any treaties or other arrangements on extradition and mutual legal assistance that may exist between them;", "(b) In accordance with their domestic law, to explore ways and means of facilitating the possible use of information and material obtained from the United Nations for purposes of criminal proceedings initiated in their territory for the prosecution of crimes of a serious nature committed by United Nations officials and experts on mission, bearing in mind due process considerations;", "(c) In accordance with their domestic law, to provide effective protection for victims of, witnesses to and others who provide information in relation to crimes of a serious nature alleged to have been committed by United Nations officials and experts on mission and to facilitate access of victims to victim assistance programmes, without prejudice to the rights of the alleged offender, including those relating to due process;", "(d) In accordance with their domestic law, to explore ways and means of responding adequately to requests by host States for support and assistance in order to enhance their capacity to conduct effective investigations in respect of crimes of a serious nature alleged to have been committed by United Nations officials and experts on mission;", "6. Requests the Secretariat to continue to ensure that requests to Member States seeking personnel to serve as experts on mission make States aware of the expectation that persons who serve in that capacity should meet high standards in their conduct and behaviour and be aware that certain conduct may amount to a crime for which they may be held accountable;", "7. Urges the Secretary-General to continue to take such other practical measures as are within his authority to strengthen existing training on United Nations standards of conduct, including through predeployment and in-mission induction training for United Nations officials and experts on mission;", "8. Reiterates its decision that, bearing in mind its resolutions 62/63 and 63/119, the consideration of the report of the Group of Legal Experts, in particular its legal aspects,⁴ taking into account the views of Member States and the information contained in the note by the Secretariat,⁶ shall be continued during its sixty-seventh session in the framework of a working group of the Sixth Committee, and, for that purpose, invites further comments from Member States on that report, including on the question of future action;", "9. Requests the Secretary-General to bring credible allegations that reveal that a crime may have been committed by United Nations officials or experts on mission to the attention of the States against whose nationals such allegations are made and to request from those States an indication of the status of their efforts to investigate and, as appropriate, prosecute crimes of a serious nature, as well as the types of appropriate assistance that States may wish to receive from the Secretariat for the purposes of such investigations and prosecutions;", "10. Urges States to provide to the Secretary-General at the appropriate time information on their handling of the credible allegations brought to their attention by the Secretary-General in accordance with paragraph 9 above;", "11. Requests the United Nations, when its investigations into allegations suggest that crimes of a serious nature may have been committed by United Nations officials or experts on mission, to consider any appropriate measures that may facilitate the possible use of information and material for purposes of criminal proceedings initiated by States, bearing in mind due process considerations;", "12. Encourages the United Nations, when allegations against United Nations officials or experts on mission are determined by a United Nations administrative investigation to be unfounded, to take appropriate measures, in the interests of the Organization, to restore the credibility and the reputation of such officials and experts on mission;", "13. Urges the United Nations to continue cooperating with States exercising jurisdiction in order to provide them, within the framework of the relevant rules of international law and agreements governing activities of the United Nations, with information and material for purposes of criminal proceedings initiated by States;", "14. Emphasizes that the United Nations, in accordance with the applicable rules of the Organization, should take no action that would retaliate against or intimidate United Nations officials and experts on mission who report allegations concerning crimes of a serious nature committed by United Nations officials and experts on mission;", "15. Takes note with appreciation of the information provided by Governments in response to its resolutions 62/63, 63/119, 64/110 and 65/20, and urges Governments to continue taking the measures necessary for the implementation of those resolutions, including their provisions addressing the establishment of jurisdiction over crimes, particularly those of a serious nature, as known in their existing domestic criminal laws, committed by their nationals while serving as United Nations officials or experts on mission, as well as cooperation among States, and to provide specific details thereon, in particular with respect to paragraph 3 of the present resolution, in the information provided to the Secretary-General;", "16. Reiterates its request to the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the implementation of the present resolution, in particular with respect to paragraphs 3, 5, 8 and 9 above, as well as any practical problems in its implementation, on the basis of information received from Governments and the Secretariat;", "17. Requests the Secretary-General to include in his report information on the number and types of credible allegations and any actions taken by the United Nations and its Member States regarding crimes of a serious nature committed by United Nations officials and experts on mission, including information on efforts made to ensure the completeness of incident reporting;", "18. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the item entitled “Criminal accountability of United Nations officials and experts on mission”.", "82nd plenary meeting 9 December 2011", "[1]  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Fifty-ninth Session, Supplement No. 19 (A/59/19/Rev.1), part one, chap. III, sect. D, para. 56.", "[2]  See A/59/710.", "[3]  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Fifty-ninth Session, Supplement No. 19 (A/59/19/Rev.1), part two, chap. II, sect. N, para. 40 (a).", "[4]  See A/60/980.", "[5]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-second Session, Supplement No. 54 (A/62/54); and ibid., Sixty-third Session, Supplement No. 54 (A/63/54).", "[6]  A/62/329.", "[7]  A/63/260 and Add.1, A/64/183 and Add.1 and A/65/185.", "[8]  A/66/174 and Add.1." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Sixth Committee (A/66/470)]", "66/93. Criminal accountability of United Nations officials and experts on mission", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 59/281 of 29 March 2005, in which it endorsed the recommendation of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations that the Secretary-General make available to the United Nations membership a comprehensive report on sexual exploitation and abuse in United Nations peacekeeping operations,", "Recalling also that, on 24 March 2005, the Secretary-General transmitted to the President of the General Assembly the report of his Adviser on sexual exploitation and abuse by United Nations peacekeeping personnel,[2]", "Recalling further its resolution 59/300 of 22 June 2005, in which it endorsed the recommendation of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations to establish a group of legal experts to propose the best way to ensure that the original intent of the Charter of the United Nations was achieved, namely that United Nations staff and experts on mission would never be effectively exempt from the consequences of criminal acts committed at their duty station, nor unjustly penalized with due process,[3]", "Recognizing the valuable contribution of United Nations officials and experts on mission towards the fulfilment of the purposes and principles of the Charter,", "Reaffirming the need to promote and ensure respect for the principles and rules of international law,", "Reaffirming also that the present resolution is without prejudice to the privileges and immunities of United Nations officials and experts on mission and the United Nations under international law,", "Reaffirming further the obligation of United Nations officials and experts on mission to respect the national laws of the host State and the right of the host State to exercise, where applicable, its criminal jurisdiction in accordance with the relevant rules of international law and agreements governing the operations of United Nations missions,", "Deeply concerned at reports of criminal conduct, and conscious that such conduct, if not investigated and, as appropriate, prosecuted, would create the negative impression that United Nations officials and experts on mission operate with impunity,", "Reaffirming the importance of ensuring that the image, credibility, impartiality and integrity of the United Nations are maintained in the work of all United Nations officials and experts on mission,", "Emphasizing that the crimes committed by such persons are unacceptable and endanger the fulfilment of the mandate of the United Nations, in particular the relations between the United Nations and the local population in the host country,", "Aware of the need to protect the rights of victims of criminal acts and to ensure adequate protection of witnesses, and recalling the adoption of resolution 62/214 of 21 December 2007 on the United Nations Comprehensive Strategy on Assistance and Support to Victims of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse by United Nations Staff and Related Personnel,", "Emphasizing the need to strengthen international cooperation to ensure the criminal accountability of United Nations officials and experts on mission,", "Recalling its resolution 61/29 of 4 December 2006, by which it established the Ad Hoc Committee on criminal accountability of United Nations officials and experts on mission,", "Having considered at its previous sessions the report of the Group of Legal Experts established by the Secretary-General pursuant to resolution 59/300 and the report of the Ad Hoc Committee,[5] as well as the note by the Secretariat on criminal accountability of United Nations officials and experts on mission [6] and the reports of the Secretary-General on the subject,[7]", "Recalling its resolutions 62/63 of 6 December 2007, 63/119 of 11 December 2008, 64/110 of 16 December 2009 and 65/20 of 6 December 2010,", "Recalling also its decision to continue its consideration of the report of the Group of Legal Experts, in particular its legal aspects, at its sixty-seventh session, within the framework of a working group of the Sixth Committee, bearing in mind the provisions of its resolutions 62/63 and 63/119 and taking into account the views of Member States and the information contained in the note by the Secretariat,", "Convinced of the continuing need for the United Nations and its Member States to urgently take strong and effective measures to ensure criminal accountability of United Nations officials and experts on mission in the interests of justice,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General;[8]", "Strongly urges States to take all appropriate measures to ensure that crimes by United Nations officials and experts on mission do not go unpunished and that the perpetrators of such crimes are brought to justice, without prejudice to the privileges and immunities of such persons and the United Nations under international law, in accordance with international human rights standards, including due process;", "Strongly urges all States that have not yet done so to consider establishing jurisdiction over crimes of a serious nature, as recognized in their existing domestic criminal law, committed by their nationals while serving as United Nations officials or experts on mission, at least where such acts, as defined in the domestic law of the State establishing jurisdiction, also constitute offences under the laws of the host State;", "4. Encourages all States to cooperate with each other and with the United Nations in the exchange of information and in facilitating investigations and, as appropriate, prosecutions of United Nations officials and experts on mission who are alleged to have committed crimes of a serious nature, in accordance with their domestic laws and applicable United Nations regulations, with full respect for due process rights, and to consider strengthening the capacity of their national authorities to investigate and prosecute such crimes;", "Also encourages all States:", "(a) To afford one another assistance in connection with criminal investigations or criminal or extradition proceedings in respect of crimes of a serious nature committed by United Nations officials and experts on mission, including assistance in obtaining evidence at their disposal, in accordance with their domestic law or any treaties or other arrangements on extradition and mutual legal assistance that may exist between them;", "(b) To explore, in accordance with its domestic law, ways and means of facilitating the possible use of information and material obtained from the United Nations for purposes of criminal proceedings initiated in its territory for the prosecution of crimes of a serious nature committed by United Nations officials and experts on mission, bearing in mind due process considerations;", "(c) To provide, in accordance with their domestic law, effective protection for victims, witnesses and others who provide relevant information alleged to be victims of serious crimes of a nature committed by United Nations officials and experts on mission and to facilitate access by victims to victim assistance programmes, without prejudice to the rights of the alleged perpetrator, including those relating to due process;", "(d) To explore ways and means, in accordance with their domestic law, of responding adequately to requests from host States for support and assistance in order to enhance their capacity to conduct effective investigations into crimes of a serious nature allegedly committed by United Nations officials and experts on mission;", "6. Requests the Secretariat to continue to ensure that requests to Member States for personnel to serve as experts on mission make States aware of the expectation that persons serving in that capacity should meet high standards of conduct and conduct and are aware that certain acts may constitute crimes for which they may be held personally accountable;", "7. Urges the Secretary-General to continue to take other practical measures, within his mandate, to strengthen existing training on United Nations standards of conduct, including through predeployment and in-mission induction training for United Nations officials and experts on mission;", "8. Reiterates its decision to continue the consideration of the report of the Group of Legal Experts, in particular its legal aspects, in a working group of the Sixth Committee during the sixty-seventh session of the General Assembly, bearing in mind the provisions of resolutions 62/63 and 63/119, taking into account the views of Member States and the information contained in the note by the Secretariat,4 and in this regard invites Member States to provide further comments on the report, including on future action;", "9. Requests the Secretary-General to bring credible allegations that reveal that a crime may have been committed by United Nations officials or experts on mission to the attention of the States against whose nationals such allegations are made, and to invite those States to indicate the status of their efforts to investigate and, where appropriate, prosecute crimes of a serious nature, and the types of appropriate assistance that States may wish to receive from the Secretariat for the purposes of such investigations and prosecutions;", "10. Urges States to provide the Secretary-General, in due course, with information on how they address credible allegations brought to their attention by the Secretary-General as requested in paragraph 9 above;", "11. Requests the United Nations, when its investigations into allegations suggest that crimes of a serious nature may have been committed by United Nations officials or experts on mission, to consider any appropriate measures to facilitate the possible use of relevant information and material for purposes of criminal proceedings initiated by States, bearing in mind due process considerations;", "12. Encourages the United Nations, when allegations against United Nations officials or experts on mission are determined by a United Nations administrative investigation to be unfounded, to take appropriate measures, in the interest of the Organization, to restore the credibility and reputation of such officials and experts on mission;", "13. Urges the United Nations to continue to cooperate with States exercising jurisdiction by providing them with information and material for the purposes of criminal proceedings initiated by States, within the framework of the relevant rules of international law and agreements governing United Nations activities;", "14. Emphasizes that the United Nations, in accordance with the applicable rules of the Organization, shall not retaliate against or threaten United Nations officials and experts on mission who report allegations of crimes of a serious nature committed by United Nations officials and experts on mission;", "15. Takes note with appreciation of the information provided by Governments in response to its resolutions 62/63, 63/119, 64/110 and 65/20, and urges all Governments to continue to take the necessary measures for the implementation of those resolutions, including its provisions on the establishment of jurisdiction over criminal acts, in particular those of a serious nature, as established in their existing national criminal laws, when committed by their nationals while serving as United Nations officials or experts on mission, as well as cooperation among States, and to provide specific details in this regard in information submitted to the Secretary-General, in particular in relation to paragraph 3 of the present resolution;", "16. Reiterates its request to the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the implementation of the present resolution, in particular with regard to paragraphs 3, 5, 8 and 9 above, as well as on any practical aspects of its implementation, on the basis of information received from Governments and the Secretariat;", "17. Requests the Secretary-General to include in his reports information on the number and types of credible allegations of crimes of a serious nature committed by United Nations officials and experts on mission, as well as action taken by the United Nations and Member States, including efforts to ensure full reporting of incidents;", "Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the item entitled “Criminal accountability of United Nations officials and experts on mission”.", "9 December 2011", "82nd PLENARY MEETING", "[1] 1 See Official Records of the General Assembly, Fifty-ninth Session, Supplement No. 19 (A/59/19/Rev.1), part one, chap. III, sect. D, para.", "[2] 2 See A/59/710.", "[3] 3 See Official Records of the General Assembly, Fifty-ninth Session, Supplement No. 19 (A/59/19/Rev.1), part two, chap. II, sect. N, para. 40 (a).", "[4] 4 See A/60/980.", "[5] 5 Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-second Session, Supplement No. 54 (A/62/54); and ibid., Sixty-third Session, Supplement No. 54 (A/63/54).", "[6] 6 A/62/329.", "[7] 7 A/63/260 and Add.1; A/64/183 and Add.1; and A/65/185.", "[8] 8 A/66/174 and Add.1." ]

[ "2011年12月9日大会决议", "[根据第六委员会的报告(A/66/471)通过]", "66/94. 联合国国际贸易法委员会第四十四届会议工作报告", "大会，", "回顾其1966年12月17日第2205(XXI)号决议设立联合国国际贸易法委员会，其任务是促进国际贸易法的逐渐协调和统一，并在这方面念及各国人民，尤其是发展中国家人民在国际贸易广泛发展中的利益，", "重申认为国际贸易法的逐渐现代化和协调，通过减少或消除对国际贸易流通的法律障碍，特别是影响到发展中国家的障碍，将大大有助于所有国家在平等、公平、共同利益和尊重法治的基础上开展全球经济合作，消除国际贸易上的歧视，从而增进各国人民的和平、稳定和福祉，", "审议了委员会的报告，[1]", "重申关注其他机构未与委员会充分协调而在国际贸易法领域进行的活动可能使工作发生不可取的重复，也不符合促进国际贸易法的统一与协调方面的效率、一致性和连贯性的目的，", "重申委员会作为联合国系统在国际贸易法领域的核心法律机构的任务是协调这个领域的法律活动，特别是避免工作重复,包括拟订国际贸易规则的组织间工作的重复，增进国际贸易法的现代化和协调方面的效率、一致性和连贯性,并通过其秘书处继续同活跃于国际贸易法领域的其他国际机关和组织，包括区域组织，保持密切合作关系，", "1. 赞赏地注意到联合国国际贸易法委员会的报告；¹", "2. 赞扬委员会完成并通过《联合国国际贸易法委员会公共采购示范法》[2] 和《联合国国际贸易法委员会跨国界破产示范法：司法视角》；[3]", "3. 关心地注意到委员会拟订下列法律标准工作的进展：以条约为基础在投资者与国家间进行仲裁的透明度；跨界电子交易争议网上解决；电子商务，特别是2011年2月讨论会对此问题的讨论；《联合国国际贸易法委员会跨国界破产示范法》[4] 关于主要利益中心的特定概念的解释和适用；关于动产担保权登记的案文草案；[5]", "4. 欣见委员会决定以尽可能高效率、切实可行的方式编写《公共采购示范法颁布指南》，编写一份关于委员会在公共-私人伙伴关系及靠私人融资的基础设施项目领域今后可能开展的工作的研究报告，在电子可转移记录方面开展工作，与世界银行合作在现有资源范围内、在不动用工作组资源的情况下拟订有效担保交易制度原则草案，将小额金融列为委员会今后工作的一个项目，并在2012年下届会议上进一步审议这个问题；[6]", "5. 赞赏地注意到委员会决定推荐在涉及即付担保书的交易中酌情使用国际商会公布的《即付担保书统一规则》2010年修订本；[7]", "6. 又赞赏地注意到委员会正在实施的监测1958年6月10日在纽约订立的《承认及执行外国仲裁裁决公约》[8] 执行情况的项目的进展，以及委员会决定请秘书处努力编制关于该公约的指南；[9]", "7. 赞同委员会作为联合国系统在国际贸易法领域的核心法律机构作出努力，采取行动，促使活跃于国际贸易法领域的国际组织和区域组织加强法律活动的协调与合作及在国内和国际上促进这一领域的法治，并在这方面呼吁相关国际组织和区域组织与委员会协调彼此的法律活动，避免重复工作，增进国际贸易法的现代化和协调方面的效率、一致性和连贯性；", "8. 赞赏地注意到委员会在担保权益领域的协调与合作活动的重大进展，特别是委员会核准了由海牙国际私法会议常设主席团、委员会秘书处和国际统一私法协会秘书处在外部专家协助下联合编写的题为“担保交易国际文书主要特征的对比和分析”的文件，¹[10] 并要求尽可能广泛传播该文件，包括作为联合国销售的出版物予以分发，同时适当承认海牙国际私法会议常设主席团和国际统一私法协会秘书处的贡献；¹[11]", "9. 注意到委员会一致认为，以协同方式处理应收款转让专属性所适用法律问题符合所有国家的利益，并请秘书处与欧洲联盟委员会密切合作，确保考虑到《联合国国际贸易中应收款转让公约》¹[12] 和《贸易法委员会担保交易立法指南》¹[13] 所遵循的办法，以协同方式处理此事；", "10. 重申委员会在国际贸易法改革和发展领域的技术合作和援助工作十分重要，对发展中国家而言尤其重要，在这方面：", "(a) 欢迎委员会采取行动通过其秘书处扩大其技术合作和援助方案，在这方面鼓励秘书长寻求与国家和非国家行为体结成伙伴关系，增进对委员会工作的认识，促进有效执行委员会工作所产生的法律标准；", "(b) 赞赏委员会开展技术合作与援助活动，为国际贸易法领域的立法起草工作提供援助，并提请秘书长注意这方面现有资源有限；", "(c) 关心地注意到技术合作与援助以秘书处提议的技术援助战略框架为基础得到综合处理，以促进普遍通过委员会法规，传播关于最近通过的法规的信息；¹[14]", "(d) 赞赏为开展技术合作与援助活动作出捐助的各国政府，呼吁各国政府、联合国系统相关机关、组织、机构和个人向联合国国际贸易法委员会专题讨论会信托基金作出自愿捐助，并酌情资助特别项目，以及以其他方式协助委员会秘书处开展技术合作与援助活动，尤其是在发展中国家进行这些活动；", "(e) 鉴于委员会的工作和方案对在国内和国际上促进法治以及推动执行联合国发展议程的相关性和重要性，包括对实现千年发展目标的相关性和重要性，再次呼吁联合国开发计划署和负责发展援助的其他机构，如世界银行和区域开发银行，以及各国政府在其双边援助方案中，支持委员会的技术合作和援助方案，并同委员会合作及协调其活动；", "11. 吁请成员国、非成员国、观察员组织和秘书处考虑到委员会第四十三届会议报告附件三转载的结论摘要，¹[15] 采用委员会议事规则和工作方法，确保委员会工作保持高质量，确保其文书在国际上可被接受，并在这方面回顾以往关于此事的各项决议；", "12. 欣见委员会决定在符合联合国相关规则和条例以及秘书处法律事务厅的内部核准程序的前提下，在大韩民国设立亚洲及太平洋区域中心，作为委员会外联工作及向该区域发展中国家提供技术援助的一个重要的新步骤，但有一项谅解是，区域中心的设立须完全依靠预算外来源的资金，包括但不限于各国的自愿捐款；感谢大韩民国政府慷慨捐助此试点项目，并请秘书长随时向大会通报设立这种区域中心的发展情况，包括在大韩民国设立亚洲及太平洋区域中心的情况，特别是其供资和预算情况；¹[16]", "13. 呼吁各国政府、联合国系统相关机关、组织、机构和个人根据请求并在同秘书长协商后向为委员会成员中的发展中国家提供旅费补助而设立的信托基金作出自愿捐助，使得这种补助能再次予以提供，增加发展中国家专家参加委员会届会及其工作组的人数，这对于这些国家发展国际贸易法方面的本国专门知识和能力是必不可少的，能借以推动国际贸易发展，促进外国投资；", "14. 决定为了确保全体会员国能充分参与委员会届会及其工作组的工作，在大会第六十六届会议期间在主管的主要委员会内继续审议应委员会成员中最不发达国家的请求并在同秘书长协商后向这些国家提供旅费补助的问题；", "15. 赞同委员会深信有关执行和有效利用关于国际贸易的现代私法标准对于促进善政、持续经济发展以及消除贫困和饥饿非常重要，在商业关系中促进法治，应成为联合国在国家和国际一级促进法治的广泛议程的一个组成部分，包括在秘书长办公厅法治股支持下，通过法治协调和资源小组开展这一工作；", "16. 在这方面欣见委员会第四十四届会议期间举行关于委员会在冲突和冲突后社会里促进法治的作用的小组讨论，注意到委员会文书和资源与创造可持续经济活动的环境特别相关，有利于冲突后重建，防止社会重新陷于冲突之中；", "17. 注意到委员会在小组讨论结束时表达的意见，认为因没有充足的资源，须找到创新的办法，在联合国和其他捐助方实施的冲突后恢复行动中尽早使委员会文书和资源派上用场，同时注意到需更多认识到委员会的工作还涉及商业活动的基本构件，因此可对摆脱冲突的社会作出切实而直接的贡献；¹[17]", "18. 再次请秘书长按照大会关于文件事项的决议的规定，¹[18] 特别是强调酌情限制文件篇幅的任何要求都不应对文件的编排质量或实质内容造成不利影响的规定，在对委员会文件实行页数限制时要考虑到委员会逐步发展和编纂国际贸易法的任务和职能的特殊性质；¹[19]", "19. 请秘书长继续提供委员会拟订规范性文本的会议的简要记录，包括委员会在其年会期间设立的全体委员会会议的简要记录，并鼓励委员会以秘书处编写的报告²[20] 为基础在下届会议上讨论此事；", "20. 重申需要确保尽可能广泛地参与委员会会议，在这方面注意到历来在不同地点交替举行委员会会议的现有理由，即各代表团差旅费的均衡分担、委员会在全球的影响和存在、发展中国家的需要，因为许多发展中国家在维也纳没有代表处；并注意到委员会一致认为应尽一切努力寻找途径，既能达到类似效果，又不必废除交替会址做法，鼓励会员国与秘书处一起继续审查现行做法，力求提高效率，找出节省预算之处；²[21]", "21. 强调必须促进使用委员会工作所产生的法规，以实现国际贸易法的全面统一和协调，并为此目的敦促尚未采取行动的国家考虑签署、批准或加入各项公约，颁布示范法，鼓励使用其他相关法规；", "22. 欢迎编写关于委员会法规的判例法摘要，例如关于《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》²[22] 的判例法摘要、关于《联合国国际贸易法委员会国际商业仲裁示范法》²[23] 的判例法摘要以及关于《跨国界破产示范法》的判例法摘要，以协助传播关于这些法规的信息，促进其使用、颁布和统一解释。", "2011年12月9日", "第82次全体会议", "[1] ¹ 《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第17号》(A/66/17)。", "[2] ² 同上，第三章和附件一。", "[3] ³ 同上，第四章。", "[4] ⁴ 《贸易法委员会跨国界破产示范法及立法指南》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.99.V.3)，第一部分。", "[5] ⁵ 《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第17号》(A/66/17)，第五至九章。", "[6] ⁶ 同上，第三章，第181-187、190和191段；第八章，第228段；及第九和十章。", "[7] ⁷ 同上，第十一章。", "[8] ⁸ 联合国，《条约汇编》，第330卷，第4739号。", "[9] ⁹ 《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第17号》(A/66/17)，第十二章。", "[10] ¹⁰ 见A/CN.9/720。", "[11] ¹¹ 《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第17号》(A/66/17)，第278-283段。", "[12] ¹² 第56/81号决议，附件。", "[13] ¹³ 联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.09.V.12。", "[14] ¹⁴ 《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第17号》(A/66/17)，第十三章。", "[15] ¹⁵ 同上，《第六十五届会议，补编第17号》(A/65/17)。", "[16] ¹⁶ 同上，《第六十六届会议，补编第17号》(A/66/17)，第262-270段。", "[17] ¹⁷ 同上，第318和319段。", "[18] ¹⁸ 第52/214号决议，B节；第57/283B号决议，第三节；及第58/250号决议，第三节。", "[19] ¹⁹ 第59/39号决议，第9段；第65/21号决议，第18段；另见《大会正式记录，第五十九届会议，补编第17号》(A/59/17)，第124-128段。", "[20] ²⁰ 《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第17号》(A/66/17)，第333段。", "[21] ²¹ 同上，第二十一章。", "[22] ²² 联合国，《条约汇编》，第1489卷，第25567号。", "[23] ²³ 《大会正式记录，第四十届会议，补编第17号》(A/40/17)，附件一，及同上，《第六十一届会议，补编第17号》(A/61/17)，附件一。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Sixth Committee (A/66/471)]", "66/94. Report of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law on the work of its forty-fourth session", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 2205 (XXI) of 17 December 1966, by which it established the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law with a mandate to further the progressive harmonization and unification of the law of international trade and in that respect to bear in mind the interests of all peoples, in particular those of developing countries, in the extensive development of international trade,", "Reaffirming its belief that the progressive modernization and harmonization of international trade law, in reducing or removing legal obstacles to the flow of international trade, especially those affecting developing countries, would contribute significantly to universal economic cooperation among all States on a basis of equality, equity, common interest and respect for the rule of law, to the elimination of discrimination in international trade and, thereby, to peace, stability and the well‑being of all peoples,", "Having considered the report of the Commission,[1]", "Reiterating its concern that activities undertaken by other bodies in the field of international trade law without adequate coordination with the Commission might lead to undesirable duplication of efforts and would not be in keeping with the aim of promoting efficiency, consistency and coherence in the unification and harmonization of international trade law,", "Reaffirming the mandate of the Commission, as the core legal body within the United Nations system in the field of international trade law, to coordinate legal activities in this field, in particular to avoid duplication of efforts, including among organizations formulating rules of international trade, and to promote efficiency, consistency and coherence in the modernization and harmonization of international trade law, and to continue, through its secretariat, to maintain close cooperation with other international organs and organizations, including regional organizations, active in the field of international trade law,", "1. Takes note with appreciation of the report of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law;¹", "2. Commends the Commission for the finalization and adoption of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law Model Law on Public Procurement[2] and the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency: The Judicial Perspective;[3]", "3. Takes note with interest of the progress made by the Commission in its work on the preparation of legal standards on transparency in treaty-based investor-State arbitration, online dispute resolution for cross-border electronic transactions and electronic commerce, in particular at the colloquium held in February 2011, the interpretation and application of selected concepts of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency[4] relating to centre of main interests, and a draft text on the registration of security rights in movable assets;[5]", "4. Welcomes the decisions of the Commission to prepare a guide to enactment of the Model Law on Public Procurement, in as efficient and practical a manner as possible, and a study on possible future work of the Commission in the area of public-private partnerships and privately financed infrastructure projects, to undertake work in the field of electronic transferable records, to prepare, in cooperation with the World Bank, draft principles on effective secured transactions regimes, within existing resources and without utilizing working group resources, and to include microfinance as an item for the future work of the Commission and to further consider that matter at its next session, in 2012;[6]", "5. Notes with appreciation the decision of the Commission to commend the use of the 2010 revision of the Uniform Rules for Demand Guarantees, published by the International Chamber of Commerce, as appropriate, in transactions involving demand guarantees;[7]", "6. Also notes with appreciation the progress made in the ongoing project of the Commission on monitoring the implementation of the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, done in New York on 10 June 1958,[8] and the decision of the Commission to request the Secretariat to pursue its efforts towards the preparation of a guide on the Convention;[9]", "7. Endorses the efforts and initiatives of the Commission, as the core legal body within the United Nations system in the field of international trade law, aimed at increasing coordination of and cooperation on legal activities of international and regional organizations active in the field of international trade law and at promoting the rule of law at the national and international levels in this field, and in this regard appeals to relevant international and regional organizations to coordinate their legal activities with those of the Commission, to avoid duplication of efforts and to promote efficiency, consistency and coherence in the modernization and harmonization of international trade law;", "8. Notes with appreciation the significant progress in the Commission’s coordination and cooperation activities in the field of security interests and in particular the approval by the Commission of a paper prepared jointly by the Permanent Bureau of the Hague Conference on Private International Law and the secretariats of the Commission and the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law, with the assistance of outside experts, entitled “Comparison and analysis of major features of international instruments relating to secured transactions”,[10] as well as the request that it be given the widest possible dissemination, including as a United Nations sales publication, with proper recognition of the contribution of the Permanent Bureau of the Hague Conference on Private International Law and the secretariat of the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law;[11]", "9. Notes the agreement of the Commission that a coordinated approach to the matter of the law applicable to the proprietary effects of assignments of receivables is in the interest of all States and its request to the Secretariat to cooperate closely with the European Commission with a view to ensuring a coordinated approach to the matter, taking into account the approach followed in the United Nations Convention on the Assignment of Receivables in International Trade[12] and the UNCITRAL Legislative Guide on Secured Transactions;[13]", "10. Reaffirms the importance, in particular for developing countries, of the work of the Commission concerned with technical cooperation and assistance in the field of international trade law reform and development, and in this connection:", "(a) Welcomes the initiatives of the Commission towards expanding, through its secretariat, its technical cooperation and assistance programme, and in that respect encourages the Secretary-General to seek partnerships with State and non-State actors to increase awareness about the work of the Commission and facilitate the effective implementation of legal standards resulting from its work;", "(b) Expresses its appreciation to the Commission for carrying out technical cooperation and assistance activities and for providing assistance with legislative drafting in the field of international trade law, and draws the attention of the Secretary-General to the limited resources that are made available in this field;", "(c) Takes note with interest of the comprehensive approach to technical cooperation and assistance, based on the strategic framework for technical assistance suggested by the Secretariat to promote universal adoption of the texts of the Commission and to disseminate information on recently adopted texts;[14]", "(d) Expresses its appreciation to the Governments whose contributions enabled the technical cooperation and assistance activities to take place, and appeals to Governments, the relevant bodies of the United Nations system, organizations, institutions and individuals to make voluntary contributions to the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law Trust Fund for Symposia and, where appropriate, for the financing of special projects, and otherwise to assist the secretariat of the Commission in carrying out technical cooperation and assistance activities, in particular in developing countries;", "(e) Reiterates its appeal to the United Nations Development Programme and other bodies responsible for development assistance, such as the World Bank and regional development banks, as well as to Governments in their bilateral aid programmes, to support the technical cooperation and assistance programme of the Commission and to cooperate and coordinate their activities with those of the Commission, in the light of the relevance and importance of the work and programmes of the Commission for the promotion of the rule of law at the national and international levels and for the implementation of the United Nations development agenda, including the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals;", "11. Calls upon Member States, non-member States, observer organizations and the Secretariat to apply the rules of procedure and methods of work of the Commission, taking into account the summary of conclusions as reproduced in annex III to the report on the work of its forty-third session,[15] with a view to ensuring the high quality of the work of the Commission and international acceptability of its instruments, and in this regard recalls its previous resolutions related to this matter;", "12. Welcomes the decision by the Commission to establish, subject to the relevant rules and regulations of the United Nations and the internal approval process in the Office of Legal Affairs of the Secretariat, a Regional Centre for Asia and the Pacific, in the Republic of Korea, as a novel yet important first step for the Commission in reaching out and providing technical assistance to developing countries in the region, it being understood that the establishment of a regional presence would have to rely entirely on extrabudgetary resources, including but not limited to voluntary contributions from States, expresses its appreciation to the Government of the Republic of Korea for its generous contribution to the pilot project, and requests the Secretary-General to keep the General Assembly informed of developments regarding the establishment of such regional centres, including the Regional Centre for Asia and the Pacific in the Republic of Korea and, in particular, their funding and budgetary situation;[16]", "13. Appeals to Governments, the relevant bodies of the United Nations system, organizations, institutions and individuals to make voluntary contributions to the trust fund established to provide travel assistance to developing countries that are members of the Commission, at their request and in consultation with the Secretary-General, in order to enable renewal of the provision of that assistance and to increase expert representation from developing countries at sessions of the Commission and its working groups, necessary to build local expertise and capacities in the field of international trade law in those countries to facilitate the development of international trade and the promotion of foreign investment;", "14. Decides, in order to ensure full participation of all Member States in the sessions of the Commission and its working groups, to continue, in the competent Main Committee during the sixty-sixth session of the General Assembly, its consideration of granting travel assistance to the least developed countries that are members of the Commission, at their request and in consultation with the Secretary‑General;", "15. Endorses the conviction of the Commission that the implementation and effective use of modern private law standards on international trade are essential for advancing good governance, sustained economic development and the eradication of poverty and hunger and that the promotion of the rule of law in commercial relations should be an integral part of the broader agenda of the United Nations to promote the rule of law at the national and international levels, including through the Rule of Law Coordination and Resource Group, supported by the Rule of Law Unit in the Executive Office of the Secretary-General;", "16. Welcomes, in this regard, the panel discussion on the role of the Commission in the promotion of the rule of law in conflict and post-conflict societies, held during the forty-fourth session of the Commission, and takes note of the particular relevance of the instruments and resources of the Commission for creating an environment of sustainable economic activity conducive to post-conflict reconstruction and preventing societies from sliding back into conflict;", "17. Takes note of the views expressed by the Commission at the end of the panel discussion that, owing to a lack of sufficient resources, innovative ways need to be found for the early engagement of the instruments and resources of the Commission in post-conflict recovery operations of the United Nations and other donors, and that awareness needs to be increased of the fact that the Commission deals also with the basic building blocks for commercial activity and thus makes a real and immediate contribution in societies emerging from conflict;[17]", "18. Reiterates its request to the Secretary-General, in conformity with General Assembly resolutions on documentation-related matters,[18] which, in particular, emphasize that any invitation to limit, where appropriate, the length of documents should not adversely affect either the quality of the presentation or the substance of the documents, to bear in mind the particular characteristics of the mandate and functions of the Commission in the progressive development and codification of international trade law when implementing page limits with respect to the documentation of the Commission;[19]", "19. Requests the Secretary-General to continue providing summary records of the meetings of the Commission, including committees of the whole established by the Commission for the duration of its annual session, relating to the formulation of normative texts, and encourages the Commission to discuss the matter at its next session, on the basis of a report to be prepared by the Secretariat;[20]", "20. Reaffirms the need to ensure the broadest possible participation in meetings of the Commission, and in this connection notes the existing rationale for the historical alternating pattern of sites for meetings of the Commission, that is, the proportionate distribution of travel costs among delegations, the global influence and presence of the Commission and the needs of developing countries, many of which do not have representation in Vienna, also notes the agreement of the Commission that every effort should be made to identify alternatives to abolishing the alternating pattern of meetings that would achieve a similar result, and in this respect encourages Member States, jointly with the Secretariat, to continue to review current working practices to achieve increased efficiency, and with a view to identifying budgetary savings;[21]", "21. Stresses the importance of promoting the use of texts emanating from the work of the Commission for the global unification and harmonization of international trade law, and to this end urges States that have not yet done so to consider signing, ratifying or acceding to conventions, enacting model laws and encouraging the use of other relevant texts;", "22. Welcomes the preparation of digests of case law relating to the texts of the Commission, such as a digest of case law relating to the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods,[22] a digest of case law relating to the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration,[23] and a digest of case law relating to the Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency, with the aim of assisting in the dissemination of information on those texts and promoting their use, enactment and uniform interpretation.", "82nd plenary meeting 9 December 2011", "[1]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 17 (A/66/17).", "[2]  Ibid., chap. III and annex I.", "[3]  Ibid., chap. IV.", "[4]  UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency with Guide to Enactment (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.99.V.3), part one.", "[5]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 17 (A/66/17), chaps. V‑IX.", "[6]  Ibid., chap. III, paras. 181–187, 190 and 191; chap. VIII, para. 228; and chaps. IX and X.", "[7]  Ibid., chap. XI.", "[8]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 330, No. 4739.", "[9]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 17 (A/66/17), chap. XII.", "[10]  See A/CN.9/720.", "[11]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 17 (A/66/17), paras. 278‑283.", "[12]  Resolution 56/81, annex.", "[13]  United Nations publication, Sales No. E.09.V.12.", "[14]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 17 (A/66/17), chap. XIII.", "[15]  Ibid., Sixty-fifth Session, Supplement No. 17 (A/65/17).", "[16]  Ibid., Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 17 (A/66/17), paras. 262–270.", "[17]  Ibid., paras. 318 and 319.", "[18]  Resolutions 52/214, sect. B, 57/283 B, sect. III, and 58/250, sect. III.", "[19]  Resolutions 59/39, para. 9, and 65/21, para. 18; see also Official Records of the General Assembly, Fifty‑ninth Session, Supplement No. 17 (A/59/17), paras. 124–128.", "[20]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 17 (A/66/17), para. 333.", "[21]  Ibid., chap. XXI.", "[22]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1489, No. 25567.", "[23]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Fortieth Session, Supplement No. 17 (A/40/17), annex I; and ibid., Sixty-first Session, Supplement No. 17 (A/61/17), annex I." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Sixth Committee (A/66/471)]", "66/94. Report of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law on the work of its forty-fourth session", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 2205 (XXI) of 17 December 1966, by which it established the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law with a mandate to further the progressive harmonization and unification of the law of international trade and in that respect to bear in mind the interests of all peoples, in particular those of developing countries, in the extensive development of international trade,", "Reaffirming its view that the progressive modernization and harmonization of international trade law, in reducing or removing legal obstacles to the flow of international trade, especially those affecting the developing countries, would contribute significantly to global economic cooperation among all States on a basis of equality, equity, common interest and respect for the rule of law and to the elimination of discrimination in international trade and, thereby, to peace, stability and the well-being of all peoples,", "Having considered the report of the Committee, [1]", "Reiterating its concern that activities undertaken by other bodies in the field of international trade law without adequate coordination with the Commission might lead to undesirable duplication of efforts and would not serve the purpose of promoting efficiency, consistency and coherence in the unification and harmonization of international trade law,", "Reaffirming the mandate of the Commission, as the core legal body within the United Nations system in the field of international trade law, to coordinate legal activities in this field, in particular to avoid duplication of efforts, including among organizations formulating rules of international trade, and to promote efficiency, consistency and coherence in the modernization and harmonization of international trade law, and to continue, through its secretariat, to maintain close cooperation with other international organs and organizations, including regional organizations, active in the field of international trade law,", "Takes note with appreciation of the report of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law;1", "2. Commends the Commission for the completion and adoption of the UNCITRAL Model Law on Public Procurement and the UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency: a judicial perspective;[3]", "3. Notes with interest the progress made by the Commission in its work on the development of the following legal standards: transparency in treaty-based investor-State arbitration; online resolution of disputes in cross-border electronic transactions; electronic commerce, in particular the discussion of the issue at the February 2011 colloquium; interpretation and application of the Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law [4] on the specific concept of centre of main interests; draft text on registration of security rights in movable property;[5]", "4. Welcomes the decision of the Commission to prepare the Guide to Enactment of the Model Law on Public Procurement in the most efficient and practical manner possible, to prepare a study on possible future work by the Commission in the area of public-private partnerships and privately financed infrastructure projects, to work on electronic transferable records, to develop, in cooperation with the World Bank and within existing resources and without the resources of the Working Group, draft principles for an effective secured transactions regime, to include microfinance as an item in the future work of the Commission and to consider the issue further at its next session, in 2012;[6]", "5. Notes with appreciation the decision of the Commission to recommend the use, where appropriate, of the 2010 revision of the Uniform Rules for Demand Guarantees published by the International Chamber of Commerce in transactions involving payment certificates;[7]", "6. Also notes with appreciation the progress of the project being implemented by the Commission to monitor the implementation of the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, done at New York on 10 June 1958, and the decision of the Commission to request the Secretariat to work towards the preparation of a guide on that Convention;[9]", "Endorses the efforts and actions of the Commission, as the core legal body within the United Nations system in the field of international trade law, aimed at enhancing coordination of and cooperation on legal activities of international and regional organizations active in the field of international trade law and at promoting the rule of law at the national and international levels in this field, and in this regard calls upon relevant international and regional organizations to coordinate their legal activities with those of the Commission, to avoid duplication and to promote efficiency, consistency and coherence in the modernization and harmonization of international trade law;", "Notes with appreciation the significant progress made by the Commission in its coordination and cooperation activities in the field of security interests, in particular its approval of the document entitled “Comparison and analysis of the main features of an international instrument on secured transactions”,1 prepared jointly by the Permanent Bureau of the Hague Conference on Private International Law, the secretariat of the Commission and the secretariat of the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law, with the assistance of outside experts,1 and calls for its widest possible dissemination, including as a publication sold by the United Nations, with due recognition of the contribution of the Permanent Bureau of the Hague Conference on Private International Law and the secretariat of the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law;1 [11]", "Notes that the Commission agreed that it was in the interest of all States to address the issue of the law applicable to the exclusive nature of assignments of receivables in a synergistic manner, and requested the Secretariat, in close cooperation with the European Commission, to ensure that the United Nations Convention on the Assignment of Receivables in International Trade1 was taken into account [12] and the approach followed in the UNCITRAL Legislative Guide on Secured Transactions1 [13] to address the matter in a synergistic manner;", "10. Reaffirms the importance, in particular for developing countries, of the work of the Commission concerned with technical cooperation and assistance in the field of international trade law reform and development, and in this regard:", "(a) Welcomes the initiatives taken by the Commission to expand, through its secretariat, its technical cooperation and assistance programme, and in this regard encourages the Secretary-General to seek partnerships with State and non-State actors to promote awareness of the work of the Commission and the effective implementation of legal standards emanating from its work;", "(b) Expresses its appreciation to the Commission for its technical cooperation and assistance activities and assistance in legislative drafting in the field of international trade law, and draws the attention of the Secretary-General to the limited resources available in this regard;", "(c) Notes with interest that technical cooperation and assistance are addressed in an integrated manner on the basis of the strategic framework for technical assistance proposed by the Secretariat, in order to promote the universal adoption of the texts of the Commission and the dissemination of information on recently adopted texts;1 [14]", "(d) Expresses its appreciation to the Governments whose contributions enabled the technical cooperation and assistance activities to take place, and appeals to Governments, the relevant organs of the United Nations system, organizations, institutions and individuals to make voluntary contributions to the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law Trust Fund for Symposia and, where appropriate, to the financing of special projects, and otherwise to assist the secretariat of the Commission in carrying out technical cooperation and assistance activities, in particular in developing countries;", "(e) Reiterates its call upon the United Nations Development Programme and other bodies responsible for development assistance, such as the World Bank and regional development banks, as well as Governments in their bilateral aid programmes, to support the technical cooperation and assistance programme of the Commission and to cooperate and coordinate their activities with those of the Commission, in view of the relevance and importance of the work and programmes of the Commission for the promotion of the rule of law at the national and international levels and for the implementation of the United Nations development agenda, including the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals;", "11. Calls upon Member States, non-Member States, observer organizations and the Secretariat, taking into account the summary of conclusions reproduced in annex III to the report of the Commission on its forty-third session,1 to apply the rules of procedure and working methods of the Commission in order to ensure the high quality of its work and the international acceptability of its instruments, and in this regard recalls its previous resolutions on the matter;", "12. Welcomes the decision of the Commission to establish the Regional Centre for Asia and the Pacific in the Republic of Korea as an important new step in the outreach efforts of the Commission and in the provision of technical assistance to developing countries in the region, consistent with the relevant United Nations rules and regulations and the internal approval procedures of the Office of Legal Affairs of the Secretariat, on the understanding that the establishment of the Regional Centre will depend solely on extrabudgetary sources of funding, including, but not limited to, voluntary contributions from States, expresses its appreciation to the Government of the Republic of Korea for its generous contribution to the pilot project, and requests the Secretary-General to keep the General Assembly informed of developments regarding the establishment of such a Regional Centre, including the establishment of the Regional Centre for Asia and the Pacific in the Republic of Korea, in particular its funding and budget;1 [16]", "Appeals to Governments, the relevant bodies of the United Nations system, organizations, institutions and individuals to make voluntary contributions, upon request and in consultation with the Secretary-General, to the trust fund established to provide travel assistance to developing countries that are members of the Commission, so that such assistance may be re-provided and the participation of experts from developing countries in the sessions of the Commission and its working groups increased, which is essential for those countries to develop their national expertise and capacity in international trade law so as to facilitate the development of international trade and the promotion of foreign investment;", "14. Decides, in order to ensure the full participation of all Member States in the sessions of the Commission and its working groups, to continue, in the competent Main Committee during the sixty-sixth session of the General Assembly, its consideration of granting travel assistance to the least developed countries that are members of the Commission, at their request and in consultation with the Secretary-General;", "15. Endorses the Commission ' s conviction that the implementation and effective use of modern private law standards on international trade are essential for good governance, sustained economic development and the eradication of poverty and hunger and that the promotion of the rule of law in commercial relations should be an integral part of the broader agenda of the United Nations to promote the rule of law at the national and international levels, including through the Rule of Law Coordination and Resource Group, supported by the Rule of Law Unit in the Executive Office of the Secretary-General;", "16. Welcomes, in this regard, the panel discussion held during the forty-fourth session of the Commission on the role of the Commission in promoting the rule of law in conflict and post-conflict societies, and notes the particular relevance of the instruments and resources of the Commission to the creation of an environment for sustainable economic activities, to facilitate post-conflict reconstruction and to prevent societies from relapsing into conflict;", "17. Takes note of the views expressed by the Commission at the conclusion of the panel discussion on the need to find innovative ways to bring the Commission ' s instruments and resources to bear as early as possible in post-conflict recovery operations undertaken by the United Nations and other donors, in the absence of adequate resources, while noting the need for greater awareness of the fact that the work of the Commission also involves essential components of commercial activities and, as such, can make a tangible and direct contribution to societies emerging from conflict;1 [17]", "18. Reiterates its request to the Secretary-General, in accordance with the provisions of its resolutions on documentation-related matters,1 in particular to emphasize that any request to limit, as appropriate, the length of documents should not adversely affect either the quality of the presentation or the substance of the documents, taking into account the particular nature of the mandate and functions of the Commission in the progressive development and codification of international trade law when imposing page limits on the documentation of the Commission;1[19]", "19. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to make available summary records of the meetings of the Commission relating to the formulation of normative texts, including those of the Committee of the Whole established by the Commission during its annual sessions, and encourages the Commission to discuss this matter at its next session on the basis of a report prepared by the Secretariat;2 [20]", "20. Reaffirms the need to ensure the widest possible participation in the meetings of the Commission, notes in this regard the existing justification for the traditional rotation of Commission meetings at different locations, namely, the balanced sharing of travel costs among delegations, the global impact and presence of the Commission and the needs of developing countries, as many developing countries do not have representation in Vienna; notes that the Commission agreed that every effort should be made to find ways to achieve similar results without the need to abolish the practice of alternation, and encourages Member States, in conjunction with the Secretariat, to continue to review the current practice with a view to seeking efficiencies and identifying budget savings;2[21]", "Stresses the importance of promoting the use of texts emanating from the work of the Commission for the general unification and harmonization of international trade law, and to this end urges States that have not yet done so to consider signing, ratifying or acceding to conventions, enacting model laws and encouraging the use of other relevant texts;", "22. Welcomes the preparation of digests of case law on the Commission, such as a digest of case law on the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods,2 a digest of case law on the Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law2 [23] and a digest of case law on the Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency, in order to assist in the dissemination of information on those texts and to promote their use, enactment and uniform interpretation.", "9 December 2011", "82nd PLENARY MEETING", "[1] 1 Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 17 (A/66/17).", "[2] 2 Ibid., chap. III and annex I.", "[3] 3 Ibid., chap.", "[4] UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency and Legislative Guide (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.99.V.3), part I.", "[5] 5 Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 17 (A/66/17), chaps. V-IX.", "[6] 6 Ibid., chap. III, paras. 181-187, 190 and 191; chap. VIII, para. 228; and chaps. IX and X.", "[7] 7 Ibid., chap.", "[8] 8 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 330, No. 4739.", "[9] 9 Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 17 (A/66/17), chap.", "[10] 10 See A/CN.9/720.", "[11] Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 17 (A/66/17), paras. 278-283.", "[12] Resolution 56/81, annex.", "[13] 13 United Nations publication, Sales No.", "[14] Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 17 (A/66/17), chap. XIII.", "[15] 15 Ibid., Sixty-fifth Session, Supplement No. 17 (A/65/17).", "[16] 16 Ibid., Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 17 (A/66/17), paras. 262-270.", "[17] 17 Ibid., paras. 318 and 319.", "[18] 18 Resolutions 52/214, sect. B; 57/283 B, sect. III; and 58/250, sect. III.", "[19] Resolutions 59/39, para. 9; 65/21, para. 18; see also Official Records of the General Assembly, Fifty-ninth Session, Supplement No. 17 (A/59/17), paras. 124-128.", "[20] Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 17 (A/66/17), para. 333.", "[21] 21 Ibid., chap.", "[22] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1489, No. 25567.", "[23] 23 Official Records of the General Assembly, Fortieth Session, Supplement No. 17 (A/40/17), annex I, and ibid., Sixty-first Session, Supplement No. 17 (A/61/17), annex I." ]

[ "2011年12月9日大会决议", "[根据第六委员会的报告(A/66/471)通过]", "66/95. 联合国国际贸易法委员会公共采购示范法", "大会，", "回顾其1966年12月17日第2205(XXI)号决议设立联合国国际贸易法委员会的目的是为各国人民的利益，尤其是为发展中国家人民的利益，推进国际贸易法的逐渐协调和统一，", "注意到采购为大多数国家公共支出的一个重要部分，", "回顾其1994年12月9日第49/54号决议建议使用《联合国国际贸易法委员会货物、工程和服务采购示范法》，[1]", "注意到1994年《示范法》已成为采购法改革方面的重要国际基准，其中载有着眼于采购过程实现竞争、透明度、公平、节省和效率的程序，", "又注意到尽管1994年《示范法》的价值已得到广泛承认，但自《示范法》通过以来已出现新问题和新做法，因而有理由对其案文加以修订，", "认识到委员会2004年第三十七届会议曾商定，增订1994年《示范法》将有好处，以反映新做法，特别是公共采购领域使用电子通信产生的新做法，并借鉴在使用1994年《示范法》作为法律改革基础方面取得的经验，但注意不要偏离《示范法》所依据的基本原则，也不要修改已被证明有用的规定，", "注意到各国政府和有关国际组织已对1994年《示范法》修订意见进行了应有的审议和广泛协商，因此，拟称作“《联合国国际贸易法委员会公共采购示范法》”的《示范法》修订本可望为法律、社会和经济制度不同的各国所接受，", "又注意到《示范法》修订本可望大大有助于建立协调统一的现代公共采购法律框架，促进在采购中节省费用，提高效率，增加竞争，同时增进采购过程的廉正、公信度、公平和透明度，", "深信《示范法》修订本将大大有助于所有国家，特别是发展中国家和经济转型国家，加强其现有采购法律并制订尚不具备的采购法，促进发展和睦的国际经济关系，增进经济发展，", "1. 赞赏联合国国际贸易法委员会拟订并通过《联合国国际贸易法委员会公共采购示范法》草案；[2]", "2. 请秘书长向各国政府和其他有关机构转递《示范法》案文；", "3. 建议所有国家使用《示范法》评估本国的公共采购法律制度，并在颁布或修订其法律时考虑采纳《示范法》的内容；", "4. 要求委员会与活跃于采购法改革领域的包括区域组织在内的其他国际机构和组织进行更密切的合作和协调，以避免在公共采购法更新和协调统一过程中出现不可取的工作重复以及不一致、不连贯或相互矛盾的结果；", "5. 认可委员会秘书处增进公共采购改革相关法律活动的协调与合作的努力和举措。", "2011年12月9日", "第82次全体会议", "[1] ¹ 《大会正式记录，第四十九届会议，补编第17号》和更正(A/49/17和Corr.1)，附件一。", "[2] ² 同上，《第六十六届会议，补编第17号》(A/66/17)，第192段和附件一。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Sixth Committee (A/66/471)]", "66/95. United Nations Commission on International Trade Law Model Law on Public Procurement", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 2205 (XXI) of 17 December 1966, by which it established the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law with the purpose of furthering the progressive harmonization and unification of the law of international trade in the interests of all peoples, in particular those of developing countries,", "Noting that procurement constitutes a significant portion of public expenditure in most States,", "Recalling its resolution 49/54 of 9 December 1994 recommending the use of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law Model Law on Procurement of Goods, Construction and Services,[1]", "Observing that the 1994 Model Law, which has become an important international benchmark in procurement law reform, sets out procedures aimed at achieving competition, transparency, fairness, economy and efficiency in the procurement process,", "Observing also that, despite the widely recognized value of the 1994 Model Law, new issues and practices have arisen since its adoption that have justified revision of the text,", "Recognizing that at its thirty-seventh session, in 2004, the Commission agreed that the 1994 Model Law would benefit from being updated to reflect new practices, in particular those resulting from the use of electronic communications in public procurement, and the experience gained in the use of the 1994 Model Law as a basis for law reform, not departing, however, from the basic principles behind it and not modifying the provisions whose usefulness had been proved,", "Noting that the revisions to the 1994 Model Law were the subject of due deliberation and extensive consultations with Governments and interested international organizations, and that thus it can be expected that the revised Model Law, to be called the “United Nations Commission on International Trade Law Model Law on Public Procurement”, would be acceptable to States with different legal, social and economic systems,", "Noting also that the revised Model Law is expected to contribute significantly to the establishment of a harmonized and modern legal framework for public procurement that promotes economy, efficiency and competition in procurement and, at the same time, fosters integrity, confidence, fairness and transparency in the procurement process,", "Convinced that the revised Model Law will significantly assist all States, in particular developing countries and countries with economies in transition, in enhancing their existing procurement laws and formulating procurement laws where none presently exist, and will lead to the development of harmonious international economic relations and increased economic development,", "1. Expresses its appreciation to the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law for developing and adopting the draft United Nations Commission on International Trade Law Model Law on Public Procurement;[2]", "2. Requests the Secretary-General to transmit the text of the Model Law to Governments and other interested bodies;", "3. Recommends that all States use the Model Law in assessing their legal regimes for public procurement and give favourable consideration to the Model Law when they enact or revise their laws;", "4. Calls for closer cooperation and coordination among the Commission and other international organs and organizations, including regional organizations, active in the field of procurement law reform, in order to avoid undesirable duplication of efforts and inconsistent, incoherent or conflicting results in the modernization and harmonization of public procurement law;", "5. Endorses the efforts and initiatives of the secretariat of the Commission aimed at increasing the coordination of, and cooperation on, legal activities concerned with public procurement reform.", "82nd plenary meeting 9 December 2011", "[1]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Forty-ninth Session, Supplement No. 17 and corrigendum (A/49/17 and Corr.1), annex I.", "[2]  Ibid., Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 17 (A/66/17), para. 192 and annex I." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Sixth Committee (A/66/471)]", "66/95. UNCITRAL Model Law on Public Procurement", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 2205 (XXI) of 17 December 1966, by which it established the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law with a view to furthering the progressive harmonization and unification of the law of international trade in the interests of all peoples, in particular those of developing countries,", "Noting that procurement is an important part of public expenditure in most countries,", "Recalling its resolution 49/54 of 9 December 1994, in which it recommended the use of the UNCITRAL Model Law on Procurement of Goods, Construction and Services, [1]", "Noting that the 1994 Model Law has become an important international benchmark for procurement law reform, containing procedures aimed at achieving competition, transparency, fairness, economy and efficiency in the procurement process,", "Noting also that, despite the widely recognized value of the 1994 Model Law, new issues and practices have emerged since the adoption of the Model Law, justifying revisions to its text,", "Recognizing that it was agreed by the Commission at its thirty-seventh session, in 2004, that an update of the 1994 Model Law would be beneficial to reflect new practices, in particular those resulting from the use of electronic communications in public procurement, and to benefit from the experience gained in the use of the 1994 Model Law as a basis for law reform, while not departing from the basic principles on which the Model Law was based or modifying provisions that had proved useful,", "Noting that the revisions to the 1994 Model Law have been duly considered and consulted by Governments and relevant international organizations and that, as a result, the revised Model Law, to be known as the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law Model Law on Public Procurement, is expected to be accepted by States with different legal, social and economic systems,", "Noting also that the revised Model Law is expected to contribute significantly to the establishment of a harmonized and modern legal framework for public procurement that promotes cost savings, efficiency and competition in procurement, while promoting integrity, trust, fairness and transparency in the procurement process,", "Convinced that the revised Model Law will be of great assistance to all States, in particular developing countries and countries with economies in transition, in strengthening their existing procurement laws and in enacting procurement laws where they do not already exist, in promoting the development of harmonious international economic relations and in enhancing economic development,", "1. Expresses its appreciation to the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law for the preparation and adoption of the draft United Nations Commission on International Trade Law Model Law on Public Procurement;[2]", "2. Requests the Secretary-General to transmit the text of the Model Law to Governments and other interested bodies;", "3. Recommends that all States use the Model Law to assess their domestic legal systems for public procurement and consider adopting its contents when enacting or revising their laws;", "4. Calls for closer cooperation and coordination between the Commission and other international bodies and organizations active in the field of procurement law reform, including regional organizations, in order to avoid undesirable duplication of work and inconsistent, inconsistent or contradictory outcomes in the process of updating and harmonizing public procurement law;", "5. Endorses the efforts and initiatives of the secretariat of the Commission to enhance coordination and cooperation in legal activities related to public procurement reform.", "9 December 2011", "82nd PLENARY MEETING", "[1] 1 Official Records of the General Assembly, Forty-ninth Session, Supplement No. 17 and corrigendum (A/49/17 and Corr.1), annex I.", "[2] 2 Ibid., Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 17 (A/66/17), para. 192 and annex I." ]

[ "2011年12月9日大会决议", "[根据第六委员会的报告(A/66/471)通过]", "66/96. 联合国国际贸易法委员会跨国界破产示范法：司法视角", "大会，", "回顾其1966年12月17日第2205(XXI)号决议设立联合国国际贸易法委员会，目的是为各国人民的利益，尤其是为发展中国家人民的利益，推进国际贸易法的逐渐协调和统一，", "注意到如果个人和企业在全球范围开展业务以及在不止一个国家拥有资产和利益，要高效率处理这些个人和企业的破产事宜，就需要跨国界合作与协调，以监督和管理这些资产和业务，", "考虑到《联合国国际贸易法委员会跨国界破产示范法》[1] 大大有助于建立一个统一的法律框架有效处理跨国界破产事宜，便利合作与协调，", "认识到关于跨国界破产案件的合作与协调以及《示范法》的实际执行方式尚未广为熟知，", "深信关于《示范法》的解释和现行做法的信息如易于法官调阅，供其在破产诉讼中参考使用，就有可能推动更广泛地使用和了解《示范法》，便利跨国界司法合作与协调，避免不必要的延误和费用，", "满意地注意到委员会第四十四届会议于2011年7月1日完成并通过《联合国国际贸易法委员会跨国界破产示范法：司法视角》，[2]", "注意到《跨国界破产示范法：司法视角》是与各国政府、法官和其他破产专业人员协商拟订的，", "1. 赞赏联合国国际贸易法委员会完成并通过《联合国国际贸易法委员会跨国界破产示范法：司法视角》；²", "2. 要求联合国秘书处建立机制，以拟订《跨国界破产示范法：司法视角》的同样灵活方式不断更新《司法视角》，确保其维持中立的语气，继续信守其既定宗旨；", "3. 请秘书长发表根据本决议第2段不断更新或修正的《跨国界破产示范法：司法视角》案文，包括以电子形式予以发表，并将其分送各国政府，请各国政府向相关机构提供该案文，使之广为人知且可供查阅；", "4. 建议法官、破产从业人员和跨国界破产程序的其他利益攸关方酌情适当考虑《跨国界破产示范法：司法视角》；", "5. 又建议所有国家考虑执行《联合国国际贸易法委员会跨国界破产示范法》。¹", "2011年12月9日", "第82次全体会议", "[1] ¹ 《贸易法委员会跨国界破产示范法及立法指南》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.99.V.3)第一部分。", "[2] ² 《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第17号》(A/66/17)，第198段。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Sixth Committee (A/66/471)]", "66/96. United Nations Commission on International Trade Law Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency: The Judicial Perspective", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 2205 (XXI) of 17 December 1966, by which it established the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law with the purpose of furthering the progressive harmonization and unification of the law of international trade in the interests of all peoples, in particular those of developing countries,", "Noting that, where individuals and enterprises conduct their businesses on a global basis and have assets and interests in more than one State, the efficient conduct of the insolvency of those individuals and enterprises requires cross-border cooperation in, and coordination of, the supervision and administration of those assets and affairs,", "Considering that the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency[1] contributes significantly to the establishment of a harmonized legal framework for effectively administering cross-border insolvency and facilitating cooperation and coordination,", "Acknowledging that familiarity with cooperation and coordination in cross-border insolvency cases and how the Model Law may be implemented in practice is not widespread,", "Convinced that providing readily accessible information on the interpretation of and current practice with respect to the Model Law for reference and use by judges in insolvency proceedings has the potential to promote wider use and understanding of the Model Law and facilitate cross-border judicial cooperation and coordination, avoiding unnecessary delay and costs,", "Noting with satisfaction the completion and adoption on 1 July 2011 of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency: The Judicial Perspective by the Commission at its forty-fourth session,[2]", "Noting that the preparation of the Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency: The Judicial Perspective was the subject of consultation with Governments, judges and other insolvency professionals,", "1. Expresses its appreciation to the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law for the completion and adoption of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency: The Judicial Perspective;²", "2. Requests the establishment by the Secretariat of the United Nations of a mechanism for updating the Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency: The Judicial Perspective on an ongoing basis in the same flexible manner as that in which it was developed, ensuring that it maintains a neutral tone and continues to meet its stated purpose;", "3. Requests the Secretary-General to publish, including electronically, the text of the Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency: The Judicial Perspective, as updated or amended from time to time in accordance with paragraph 2 of the present resolution, and to transmit it to Governments with the request that the text be made available to relevant authorities so that it becomes widely known and available;", "4. Recommends that the Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency: The Judicial Perspective be given due consideration, as appropriate, by judges, insolvency practitioners and other stakeholders involved in cross-border insolvency proceedings;", "5. Also recommends that all States consider the implementation of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency.¹", "82nd plenary meeting 9 December 2011", "[1]  UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency with Guide to Enactment (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.99.V.3), part one.", "[2]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 17 (A/66/17), para. 198." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Sixth Committee (A/66/471)]", "66/96. UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency: a judicial perspective", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 2205 (XXI) of 17 December 1966, by which it established the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law with the purpose of furthering the progressive harmonization and unification of the law of international trade in the interest of all peoples, in particular those of developing countries,", "Noting that if individuals and enterprises operate globally and have assets and interests in more than one country, the efficient management of the insolvency of those individuals and enterprises requires cross-border cooperation and coordination to supervise and manage those assets and operations,", "Considering that the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency [1] contributes significantly to the establishment of a uniform legal framework for the effective handling of cross-border insolvency and facilitates cooperation and coordination,", "Recognizing that cooperation and coordination in cross-border insolvency cases and the practical modalities of implementation of the Model Law are not well known,", "Convinced that easy access by judges to information on the interpretation of the Model Law and current practices for their use in insolvency proceedings has the potential to promote wider use and understanding of the Model Law, facilitate cross-border judicial cooperation and coordination and avoid unnecessary delays and costs,", "Noting with satisfaction the completion and adoption by the Commission at its forty-fourth session, on 1 July 2011, of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency: A Judicial Perspective,[2]", "Noting that the Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency: A Judicial Perspective was developed in consultation with Governments, judges and other insolvency professionals,", "Expresses its appreciation to the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law for the completion and adoption of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency: A Judicial Perspective;2", "2. Requests the United Nations Secretariat to establish mechanisms to keep the Judicial Perspective updated in the same flexible manner as the development of the Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency: A Judicial Perspective, to ensure that it maintains a neutral tone and remains committed to its stated purpose;", "3. Requests the Secretary-General to publish the text of the Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency: A Judicial Perspective, as updated or amended on an ongoing basis in accordance with paragraph 2 of the present resolution, including in electronic form, and to transmit it to Governments, and invites Governments to make the text widely known and accessible to relevant institutions;", "Recommends that the Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency: a judicial perspective be given due consideration by judges, insolvency practitioners and other stakeholders in cross-border insolvency proceedings, as appropriate;", "5. Also recommends that all States consider implementing the Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law. One.", "9 December 2011", "82nd PLENARY MEETING", "[1] UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency and Legislative Guide (United Nations publication, Sales No.", "[2] 2 Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 17 (A/66/17), para. 198." ]

[ "2011年12月9日大会决议", "[根据第六委员会的报告(A/66/472)通过]", "66/97. 联合国国际法的教学、研究、传播和广泛了解协助方案", "大会，", "回顾其1965年12月20日第2099(XX)号决议设立联合国国际法的教学、研究、传播和广泛了解协助方案，促进更好地了解国际法，作为加强国际和平与安全以及促进国家间友好关系和合作的手段，", "重申协助方案是联合国的一个核心活动，近半个世纪以来，该方案为联合国努力促进更好地了解国际法奠定了基础，", "又重申对国际法培训和传播的需求日增，这给援助方案带来了新的挑战，", "认识到协助方案有效帮助受益人的重要性，在语文方面也是如此，同时考虑到现有资源的限制，", "赞赏地注意到秘书长关于协助方案执行情况的报告，[1] 以及该报告所载协助方案咨询委员会的意见，", "关切地注意到尽管有大会2009年12月16日第64/113号和2010年12月6日第65/25号决议，但如秘书长报告所述，2010-2011两年期为发展中国家提供研究金的方案预算还是缩减，", "认为在所有大学的法律学科教学中，国际法应占有适当地位，", "深信应该鼓励各国、各国际和区域组织、大学和机构进一步支持协助方案，并为促进国际法教学、研究、传播和广泛了解进行更多的活动，尤其是对发展中国家人员特别有用的活动，", "重申在实施该协助方案时，最好尽量利用会员国、国际和区域组织、大学、机构和其他方面提供的资源和便利，", "又重申希望对于在国际法研究金方案范围内举行的讨论会，指定讲演人时，会考虑到确保各主要法系均有代表和在各地理区域间取得均衡的必要性，", "1. 核准秘书长报告¹ 第三节所载指导方针和建议，特别是为满足国际法培训和传播活动的不断增加的需求而加强和振兴联合国国际法的教学、研究、传播和广泛了解协助方案的指导方针和建议；", "2. 授权秘书长依照其报告所载指导方针和建议，在2012年和2013年开展报告所列活动，其中包括：", "(a) 提供参照协助方案总体资源情况确定的若干研究金，发给发展中国家合格候选人，供其在2012年和2013年参加海牙国际法研究金方案；", "(b) 提供参照协助方案总体资源情况确定的若干研究金，发给发展中国家合格候选人，供其在2012年和2013年参加国际法区域课程；", "并从经常预算所列经费中以及在必要时用响应下文第18至20段的请求而专为这些研究金提供的自愿捐款拨付以上活动的经费；", "3. 又授权秘书长在2012年和2013年通过汉密尔顿·谢利·阿梅拉辛格海洋法纪念研究金，提供至少一个奖学金名额，但须视有无专门向该研究金基金提供的自愿捐款而定，为此呼呼各国、政府间组织、国际金融机构、捐助机构、非政府组织、自然人和法人专门为此研究金自愿捐款；", "4. 还授权秘书长继续保留并进一步发展联合国国际法视听图书馆，作为对世界各地国际法教学和传播工作的重大贡献，并继续从经常预算所列经费中以及在必要时用响应下文第18和19段的请求而提供的自愿捐款拨付此活动的经费；", "5. 赞赏秘书长2011年在协助方案框架内努力加强、扩大和增进国际法培训和传播活动；", "6. 请秘书长考虑接纳愿意负担全部参与费用的国家的人选参加协助方案各构成部分的活动；", "7. 又请秘书长为协助方案下一个两年期和以后的两年期方案预算提供所需资源，确保该方案持续有效和进一步发展，尤其是定期安排国际法区域课程，确保联合国国际法视听图书馆能继续办下去；", "8. 认识到秘书处法律事务厅编写的联合国法律出版物的重要性，并大力鼓励继续以各种格式予以出版，包括以对发展中国家十分重要的打印文本出版；", "9. 欣见法律事务厅努力更新联合国法律出版物，特别赞扬法律事务厅编纂司的桌面出版举措大有助于其法律出版物的及时发行，并使得法律培训材料的编制得以进行；", "10. 鼓励法律事务厅继续维持和扩充秘书长报告附件所列网站，作为传播国际法材料以及进行高深法律研究的宝贵工具；", "11. 鼓励使用实习生和研究助理为联合国国际法视听图书馆编制材料；", "12. 欣见如秘书长报告所述，法律事务厅在协助方案框架内开展国际法方面的培训和技术援助活动，并鼓励在现有资源范围内继续开展这些活动；", "13. 赞扬编纂司对国际法研究金方案采取节约措施，以保持为这一综合国际法培训方案提供研究金的份数；", "14. 赞赏海牙国际法学院继续对协助方案作出宝贵贡献，使国际法研究金方案的人选能够结合该学院的课程出席和参加研究金方案；", "15. 赞赏地注意到海牙国际法学院对国际法教学、研究、传播和广泛了解作出的贡献，并吁请会员国和有关组织对该学院请求继续给予支持并于可能时提供更多捐款的呼吁给予积极的考虑，使该学院能够进行活动，特别是与国际法和国际关系研究中心的夏季课程、区域课程和方案有关的活动；", "16. 欣见编纂司努力恢复国际法区域课程的活力，将这些课程作为重要的培训活动来举办；", "17. 赞赏埃塞俄比亚和泰国表示愿意于2012年举办国际法区域课程，赞赏墨西哥表示愿意于2013年举办国际法区域课程，但前提是从上文第2段所指的总体资源中能拨出足够的经费；", "18. 请秘书长继续宣传协助方案，并定期邀请会员国、大学、慈善基金会和关心此事的其他国家与国际机构和组织以及个人，对协助方案经费作出自愿捐助，或以其他方式协助方案的执行和可能的扩展；", "19. 再次请会员国和关心此事的组织、机构和个人对国际法研究金方案、联合国国际法视听图书馆等作出自愿捐助，并向为此目的作出自愿捐助的会员国、机构和个人表示感谢；", "20. 特别敦促各国政府作出自愿捐助，以供编纂司举办国际法区域课程，作为对国际法研究金方案的重要补充，从而减轻可能主办课程的国家的负担，使其能够定期举办区域课程；", "21. 决定任命25个会员国担任协助方案咨询委员会成员，其中6个非洲国家、5个亚洲-太平洋国家、3个东欧国家、5个拉丁美洲和加勒比国家、6个西欧和其他国家，从2012年1月1日起，任期4年；[2]", "22. 请秘书长在同协助方案咨询委员会协商后，提出关于其后各年执行协助方案的建议；", "23. 决定将题为“联合国国际法教学、研究、传播和广泛了解协助方案”的项目列入大会第六十七届会议临时议程。", "2011年12月9日", "第82次全体会议", "[1] ¹ A/66/505。", "[2] ² 下列国家已被任命为协助方案咨询委员会成员：阿根廷、加拿大、智利、塞浦路斯、捷克共和国、埃塞俄比亚、法国、德国、加纳、伊朗伊斯兰共和国、意大利、肯尼亚、黎巴嫩、马来西亚、墨西哥、尼日利亚、巴基斯坦、葡萄牙、俄罗斯联邦、苏丹、苏里南、特立尼达和多巴哥、乌克兰、坦桑尼亚联合共和国和美利坚合众国。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Sixth Committee (A/66/472)]", "66/97. United Nations Programme of Assistance in the Teaching, Study, Dissemination and Wider Appreciation of International Law", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 2099 (XX) of 20 December 1965, in which it established the United Nations Programme of Assistance in the Teaching, Study, Dissemination and Wider Appreciation of International Law to contribute towards a better knowledge of international law as a means of strengthening international peace and security and promoting friendly relations and cooperation among States,", "Reaffirming that the Programme of Assistance is a core activity of the United Nations and that it has provided the foundation for the efforts of the United Nations to promote a better knowledge of international law for nearly half a century,", "Reaffirming also that the increasing demand for international law training and dissemination activities creates new challenges for the Programme of Assistance,", "Recognizing the importance of the Programme of Assistance effectively reaching its beneficiaries, including with regard to languages, while bearing in mind limitations on available resources,", "Taking note with appreciation of the report of the Secretary-General on the implementation of the Programme of Assistance[1] and the views of the Advisory Committee on the Programme of Assistance, which are contained in that report,", "Noting with concern the reduction in the programme budget for the biennium 2010–2011 for fellowships for the benefit of developing countries indicated in the report of the Secretary-General, notwithstanding its resolutions 64/113 of 16 December 2009 and 65/25 of 6 December 2010,", "Considering that international law should occupy an appropriate place in the teaching of legal disciplines at all universities,", "Convinced that States, international and regional organizations, universities and institutions should be encouraged to give further support to the Programme of Assistance and to increase their activities to promote the teaching, study, dissemination and wider appreciation of international law, in particular those activities which are of special benefit to persons from developing countries,", "Reaffirming that in the conduct of the Programme of Assistance it would be desirable to use as far as possible the resources and facilities made available by Member States, international and regional organizations, universities, institutions and others,", "Reaffirming also the hope that, in appointing lecturers for the seminars to be held within the framework of the fellowship programmes in international law, account would be taken of the need to secure the representation of major legal systems and balance among various geographical regions,", "1. Approves the guidelines and recommendations contained in section III of the report of the Secretary-General,¹ in particular those designed to strengthen and revitalize the United Nations Programme of Assistance in the Teaching, Study, Dissemination and Wider Appreciation of International Law in response to the increasing demand for international law training and dissemination activities;", "2. Authorizes the Secretary-General to carry out, in 2012 and 2013, the activities specified in his report, in accordance with the guidelines and recommendations contained therein, including the provision of:", "(a) A number of fellowships, to be determined in the light of the overall resources for the Programme of Assistance and to be awarded to qualified candidates from developing countries, to attend the International Law Fellowship Programme in The Hague in 2012 and 2013;", "(b) A number of fellowships, to be determined in the light of the overall resources for the Programme of Assistance and to be awarded to qualified candidates from developing countries, to attend regional courses in international law in 2012 and 2013;", "and to finance the above activities from provisions in the regular budget as well as, when necessary, from voluntary financial contributions for these fellowships, which would be received as a result of the requests set out in paragraphs 18 to 20 below;", "3. Also authorizes the Secretary-General to award a minimum of one scholarship in 2012 and 2013 under the Hamilton Shirley Amerasinghe Memorial Fellowship on the Law of the Sea, subject to the availability of voluntary contributions made for this fellowship, and in this regard calls upon States, intergovernmental organizations, international financial institutions, donor agencies, non-governmental organizations and natural and juridical persons to make voluntary contributions specifically for this fellowship;", "4. Further authorizes the Secretary-General to continue and further develop the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law as a major contribution to the teaching and dissemination of international law around the world and to continue to finance this activity from provisions in the regular budget as well as, when necessary, from voluntary financial contributions, which would be received as a result of the requests set out in paragraphs 18 and 19 below;", "5. Expresses its appreciation to the Secretary-General for the efforts to strengthen, expand and enhance the international law training and dissemination activities within the framework of the Programme of Assistance in 2011;", "6. Requests the Secretary-General to consider admitting, for participation in the various components of the Programme of Assistance, candidates from countries willing to bear the entire cost of such participation;", "7. Also requests the Secretary-General to provide to the programme budget for the next and future bienniums the necessary resources for the Programme of Assistance to ensure the continued effectiveness and further development of the Programme, in particular the organization of regional courses in international law on a regular basis and the viability of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law;", "8. Recognizes the importance of the United Nations legal publications prepared by the Office of Legal Affairs of the Secretariat, and strongly encourages their continued publication in various formats, including hard copy publications, which are essential for developing countries;", "9. Welcomes the efforts undertaken by the Office of Legal Affairs to bring up to date the United Nations legal publications, and, in particular, commends the Codification Division of the Office of Legal Affairs for its desktop publishing initiative, which has greatly enhanced the timely issuance of its legal publications and has made possible the preparation of legal training materials;", "10. Encourages the Office of Legal Affairs to continue to maintain and expand its websites listed in the annex to the report of the Secretary-General as an invaluable tool for the dissemination of international law materials as well as for advanced legal research;", "11. Encourages the use of interns and research assistants for the preparation of materials for the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law;", "12. Welcomes the training and technical assistance activities in international law undertaken by the Office of Legal Affairs within the framework of the Programme of Assistance, as described in the report of the Secretary-General, and encourages the continuation of such activities within available resources;", "13. Commends the Codification Division for the cost-saving measures undertaken with regard to the International Law Fellowship Programme to maintain the number of fellowships available for this comprehensive international law training programme;", "14. Expresses its appreciation to The Hague Academy of International Law for the valuable contribution it continues to make to the Programme of Assistance, which has enabled candidates under the International Law Fellowship Programme to attend and participate in the Fellowship Programme in conjunction with the Academy courses;", "15. Notes with appreciation the contributions of The Hague Academy to the teaching, study, dissemination and wider appreciation of international law, and calls upon Member States and interested organizations to give favourable consideration to the appeal of the Academy for a continuation of support and a possible increase in their financial contributions, to enable the Academy to carry out its activities, particularly those relating to the summer courses, regional courses and programmes of the Centre for Studies and Research in International Law and International Relations;", "16. Welcomes the efforts of the Codification Division to revitalize and conduct regional courses in international law as an important training activity;", "17. Expresses its appreciation to Ethiopia and Thailand for offering to host regional courses in international law in 2012 and to Mexico for offering to host a regional course in international law in 2013, subject to adequate funding from the overall resources referred to in paragraph 2 above;", "18. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to publicize the Programme of Assistance and periodically to invite Member States, universities, philanthropic foundations and other interested national and international institutions and organizations, as well as individuals, to make voluntary contributions towards the financing of the Programme or otherwise to assist in its implementation and possible expansion;", "19. Reiterates its request to Member States and interested organizations, institutions and individuals to make voluntary contributions, inter alia, for the International Law Fellowship Programme and the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law, and expresses its appreciation to those Member States, institutions and individuals that have made voluntary contributions for this purpose;", "20. Urges, in particular, all Governments to make voluntary contributions for the regional courses in international law organized by the Codification Division as an important complement to the International Law Fellowship Programme, thus alleviating the burden on prospective host countries and making it possible to conduct the regional courses on a regular basis;", "21. Decides to appoint twenty-five Member States, six from African States, five from Asia-Pacific States, three from Eastern European States, five from Latin American and Caribbean States and six from Western European and other States, as members of the Advisory Committee on the Programme of Assistance for a period of four years beginning on 1 January 2012;[2]", "22. Requests the Secretary-General, following consultations with the Advisory Committee on the Programme of Assistance, to submit recommendations regarding the execution of the Programme of Assistance in subsequent years;", "23. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the item entitled “United Nations Programme of Assistance in the Teaching, Study, Dissemination and Wider Appreciation of International Law”.", "82nd plenary meeting 9 December 2011", "[1]  A/66/505.", "[2]  The following States have been appointed members of the Advisory Committee on the Programme of Assistance: Argentina, Canada, Chile, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Ethiopia, France, Germany, Ghana, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Italy, Kenya, Lebanon, Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Portugal, Russian Federation, Sudan, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Ukraine, United Republic of Tanzania and United States of America." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Sixth Committee (A/66/472)]", "66/97. United Nations Programme of Assistance in the Teaching, Study, Dissemination and Wider Appreciation of International Law", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 2099 (XX) of 20 December 1965, by which it established the United Nations Programme of Assistance in the Teaching, Study, Dissemination and Wider Appreciation of International Law to promote a better understanding of international law as a means of strengthening international peace and security and of promoting friendly relations and cooperation among States,", "Reaffirming that the Programme of Assistance is a core activity of the United Nations and that for almost half a century it has laid the foundation for United Nations efforts to promote a better understanding of international law,", "Reaffirming also that the growing demand for training in and dissemination of international law poses new challenges for the Programme of Assistance,", "Recognizing the importance of the Programme of Assistance in effectively assisting beneficiaries, including in the area of languages, taking into account the limitations of available resources,", "Noting with appreciation the report of the Secretary-General on the implementation of the Programme of Assistance, and the observations of the Advisory Committee on the Programme of Assistance contained in that report,", "Noting with concern that, despite General Assembly resolutions 64/113 of 16 December 2009 and 65/25 of 6 December 2010, the programme budget for the biennium 2010-2011 for the provision of fellowships to developing countries has been reduced, as indicated in the report of the Secretary-General,", "Considering that international law should occupy an appropriate place in the teaching of legal disciplines at all universities,", "Convinced that States, international and regional organizations, universities and institutions should be encouraged to give further support to the Programme of Assistance and to increase their activities to promote the teaching, study, dissemination and wider appreciation of international law, in particular those activities which are particularly useful for persons from developing countries,", "Reaffirming the desirability of maximizing the resources and facilities made available by Member States, international and regional organizations, universities, institutions and others in the implementation of the Programme of Assistance,", "Reaffirming also the hope that, in appointing speakers for the seminars to be held within the framework of the International Law Fellowship Programme, account will be taken of the need to ensure the representation of the principal legal systems and balance among geographical regions,", "Approves the guidelines and recommendations contained in section III of the report of the Secretary-General,1 in particular to strengthen and revitalize the United Nations Programme of Assistance in the Teaching, Study, Dissemination and Wider Appreciation of International Law in order to meet the increasing demand for international law training and dissemination activities;", "2. Authorizes the Secretary-General to carry out the activities set out in his report in 2012 and 2013, in accordance with the guidelines and recommendations contained in his report, including:", "(a) A number of fellowships, to be determined in the light of the overall resources for the Programme of Assistance, to be awarded to qualified candidates from developing countries for participation in the International Law Fellowship Programme at The Hague in 2012 and 2013;", "(b) A number of fellowships, to be determined in the light of the overall resources of the Programme of Assistance, for qualified candidates from developing countries to participate in the Regional Courses in International Law in 2012 and 2013;", "and to finance the above activities from provisions in the regular budget and, if necessary, from voluntary contributions earmarked for these fellowships in response to the requests set out in paragraphs 18 to 20 below;", "3. Also authorizes the Secretary-General to grant a minimum of one scholarship in 2012 and 2013 through the Hamilton Shirley Amerasinghe Memorial Fellowship on the Law of the Sea, subject to the availability of voluntary contributions specifically for the Fellowship Fund, and in this regard calls upon States, intergovernmental organizations, international financial institutions, donor agencies, non-governmental organizations, natural and juridical persons to make voluntary contributions specifically for the Fellowship;", "4. Further authorizes the Secretary-General to continue and further develop the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law as a significant contribution to the teaching and dissemination of international law worldwide and to continue to finance this activity from provisions in the regular budget and, if necessary, from voluntary contributions in response to the requests contained in paragraphs 18 and 19 below;", "5. Expresses its appreciation to the Secretary-General for his efforts in 2011 to strengthen, expand and enhance international law training and dissemination activities within the framework of the Programme of Assistance;", "6. Requests the Secretary-General to consider the admission of candidates from countries willing to bear the full cost of participation in the various components of the Programme of Assistance;", "7. Also requests the Secretary-General to provide the necessary resources for the programme budget for the Programme for the next and future bienniums to ensure the continued effectiveness and further development of the Programme, in particular the regular organization of regional courses in international law and the continuation of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law;", "Recognizes the importance of United Nations legal publications prepared by the Office of Legal Affairs of the Secretariat, and strongly encourages their continued publication in various formats, including hard copies, which are of great importance to developing countries;", "9. Welcomes the efforts of the Office of Legal Affairs to update United Nations legal publications, and commends in particular the desktop publishing initiative of the Codification Division of the Office of Legal Affairs for its significant contribution to the timely issuance of its legal publications and for the development of legal training materials;", "10. Encourages the Office of Legal Affairs to continue to maintain and expand its website, as listed in the annex to the report of the Secretary-General, as a valuable tool for the dissemination of international law materials and for conducting advanced legal research;", "11. Encourages the use of interns and research assistants for the preparation of materials for the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law;", "12. Welcomes the training and technical assistance activities in international law undertaken by the Office of Legal Affairs within the framework of the Programme of Assistance, as described in the report of the Secretary-General, and encourages the continuation of those activities within existing resources;", "13. Commends the Codification Division for the cost-saving measures taken with regard to the International Law Fellowship Programme in order to maintain the number of fellowships provided for this comprehensive international law training programme;", "14. Expresses its appreciation to The Hague Academy of International Law for the valuable contribution it continues to make to the Programme of Assistance, which has enabled candidates for the International Law Fellowship Programme to attend and participate in the Fellowship Programme in conjunction with the Academy courses;", "15. Notes with appreciation the contribution of The Hague Academy of International Law to the teaching, study, dissemination and wider appreciation of international law, and calls upon Member States and interested organizations to give favourable consideration to the appeal of the Academy for continued support and, where possible, additional contributions to enable the Academy to carry out its activities, in particular those related to the summer courses, regional courses and programmes of the Centre for Studies and Research in International Law and International Relations;", "16. Welcomes the efforts of the Codification Division to revitalize the Regional Courses in International Law and to organize them as an important training activity;", "17. Expresses its appreciation to Ethiopia and Thailand for their offers to organize the Regional Courses in International Law in 2012, and to Mexico for its offer to host the Regional Courses in International Law in 2013, provided that sufficient funds are allocated from the overall resources referred to in paragraph 2 above;", "18. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to publicize the Programme of Assistance and periodically to invite Member States, universities, philanthropic foundations and other interested national and international institutions and organizations, as well as individuals, to make voluntary contributions towards the financing of the Programme of Assistance or otherwise to assist in its implementation and possible expansion;", "19. Reiterates its request to Member States and interested organizations, institutions and individuals to make voluntary contributions to the International Law Fellowship Programme and the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law, and expresses its appreciation to those Member States, institutions and individuals that have made voluntary contributions for this purpose;", "20. Urges, in particular, all Governments to make voluntary contributions for the organization of regional courses in international law by the Codification Division as an important complement to the International Law Fellowship Programme, thereby reducing the burden on potential host States and enabling them to conduct regional courses on a regular basis;", "21. Decides to appoint 25 Member States to the Advisory Committee on the Programme of Assistance, including 6 African States, 5 Asia-Pacific States, 3 Eastern European States, 5 Latin American and Caribbean States and 6 Western European and other States, for a four-year term of office beginning on 1 January 2012;[2]", "22. Requests the Secretary-General, after consultation with the Advisory Committee on the Programme of Assistance, to submit proposals for the implementation of the Programme of Assistance in subsequent years;", "Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the item entitled “United Nations Programme of Assistance in the Teaching, Study, Dissemination and Wider Appreciation of International Law”.", "9 December 2011", "82nd PLENARY MEETING", "[1] 1 A/66/505.", "[2] 2 The following States have been appointed members of the Advisory Committee on the Programme of Assistance: Argentina, Canada, Chile, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Ethiopia, France, Germany, Ghana, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Italy, Kenya, Lebanon, Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Portugal, Russian Federation, Sudan, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Ukraine, United Republic of Tanzania and United States of America." ]

[ "2011年12月9日大会决议", "[根据第六委员会的报告(A/66/473)通过]", "66/98. 国际法委员会第六十三届会议工作报告", "大会，", "审议了国际法委员会第六十三届会议工作报告，[1]", "强调进一步逐渐发展和编纂国际法至关重要，是实施《联合国宪章》和《关于各国依联合国宪章建立友好关系及合作的国际法原则宣言》[2] 所阐述的宗旨和原则的一种方法，", "认识到宜将法律问题和起草问题，包括可能提交国际法委员会作更深入审议的专题，发交第六委员会，并使第六委员会和国际法委员会能够进一步增进它们对国际法的逐渐发展和编纂的贡献，", "回顾有必要不断审查一些国际法专题，这些专题开始或重新引起国际社会注意，可能适合国际法的逐渐发展和编纂，因而也许可以列入国际法委员会未来工作方案，", "又回顾会员国提议新专题供国际法委员会审议的作用，在这方面注意到委员会建议会员国提议新专题时陈述理由，", "重申会员国提供关于其意见和实践的资料对于国际法委员会顺利开展工作十分重要，", "认识到国际法委员会特别报告员的工作的重要性，", "欢迎举办国际法讨论会，并赞赏地注意到向联合国国际法讨论会信托基金作出的自愿捐助，", "确认为及时出版《国际法委员会年鉴》和解决积压问题提供便利的重要性，", "强调第六委员会在对国际法委员会的报告进行辩论时，最好能作出有利于集中讨论的安排，以创造条件，专注审议报告中所处理的每个主要专题和讨论具体专题，", "希望在使关于国际法委员会报告的辩论恢复活力的背景下，进一步加强作为各国政府代表机构的第六委员会与作为独立法律专家机构的国际法委员会之间的相互交流，以期改进这两个机构之间的对话，", "欢迎按照关于振兴大会工作的进一步措施的2004年7月1日第58/316号决议采取行动，在第六委员会安排互动辩论、分组讨论和提问时间，", "1. 注意到国际法委员会第六十三届会议工作报告；¹", "2. 赞赏国际法委员会在其第六十三届会议期间所完成的工作；", "3. 建议国际法委员会考虑到各国政府无论书面提交还是在第六委员会辩论时口头发表的的评论和意见，继续就其目前方案内的专题开展工作；", "4. 赞扬国际法委员会完成关于国际组织的责任的条款草案、[3] 关于武装冲突对条约的影响的条款草案[4] 以及对条约的保留的实践指南的工作；[5]", "5. 决定大会第六十七届会议在审议国际法委员会第六十四届会议工作报告时应继续审议委员会第六十三届会议工作报告关于“对条约的保留”专题的第四章；", "6. 提请各国政府注意，就国际法委员会议程上的专题诸多方面提出意见，尤其是就委员会报告第三章所列举的所有具体问题提出意见，对委员会工作很重要，这些问题涉及：", "(a) 国家官员的外国刑事管辖豁免；", "(b) 驱逐外国人；", "(c) 发生灾害时的人员保护；", "(d) 引渡或起诉的义务(aut dedere aut judicare)", "(e) 条约随时间演变；", "(f) 最惠国条款；", "7. 注意到国际法委员会报告第365至369段，特别是将“习惯国际法的形成与证据”、“保护大气层”、“条约的临时适用”、“国际投资法律中的公正和公平待遇标准”和“与武装冲突有关的环境保护”专题列入委员会长期工作方案事宜，[6] 并注意到各会员国的有关评论；", "8. 请国际法委员会继续优先注意并努力完成“国家官员的外国刑事管辖豁免”专题和“引渡或起诉的义务(aut dedere aut judicare)”专题的工作；", "9. 注意到秘书处关于向国际法委员会特别报告员提供协助的口头报告，[7] 以及委员会报告第400段，并请秘书长除采用2002年3月27日大会第56/272号决议规定的办法外，继续努力确定具体备选办法，支持特别报告员的工作；", "10. 又注意到国际法委员会报告第370至388段，在这方面欣见委员会在第六十三届会议期间为了改进以下方面的工作方法而做的工作：特别报告员的作用、研究组、起草委员会、规划组、条款草案评注的编写、就特定专题开展的工作的最后形式、委员会的报告和与第六委员会的关系；", "11. 在这方面尤其欣见国际法委员会决定制订研拟新专题的暂定时间表，定期审查年度目标实现情况，在每年届会结束时讨论下一年届会的初步计划，并请委员会向各会员国提供此信息；", "12. 决定在大会第六十七届会议期间再度审议国际法委员会报告第388段中的建议；", "13. 请国际法委员会继续采取措施提高其效率和生产力，并考虑就此向会员国提出建议；", "14. 鼓励国际法委员会在今后的会议上，在不影响工作效率和成效的前提下，继续采取节省费用的措施；", "15. 注意到国际法委员会报告第389至391段和第413至415段，认识到委员会下届会议会期短的特殊性质，决定委员会下一届会议于2012年5月7日至6月1日和7月2日至8月3日在联合国日内瓦办事处举行，请秘书处提出备选方案，说明如何为委员会届会争取较早的日期，以确保委员会具有最佳工作条件，并及时发表提交大会的报告；", "16. 强调国际法委员会和第六委员会在大会第六十七届会议期间宜进一步加强对话，在这方面鼓励出席大会第六十七届会议的第六委员会成员和国际法委员会成员除其他外，继续以讨论形式进行非正式协商；", "17. 鼓励各代表团在就国际法委员会的报告进行辩论时，尽可能遵照第六委员会商定的结构化工作方案，并考虑发言时力求简洁，重点突出；", "18. 鼓励会员国考虑派遣法律顾问级别的人员出席第六委员会对国际法委员会报告的第一周讨论(国际法周)，以便能够就国际法的各个问题进行高级别讨论；", "19. 请国际法委员会继续特别注意在其年度报告中，就每一专题指出在哪些具体问题上，如果各国政府在第六委员会或以书面形式发表意见，将尤其有助于为国际法委员会今后的工作提供有效的指导；", "20. 注意到国际法委员会报告中关于同其他机构合作和互动的第418至422段，并鼓励委员会考虑到委员会与关注国际法的其他机构的合作的作用，继续执行其章程第16(e)、25和26条，以便进一步加强此种合作；", "21. 注意到征求关注国际法的国家组织和专家个人的意见，可能有助于各国政府考虑是否就国际法委员会提出的草案发表评论和意见，也有助于它们撰写其评论和意见；", "22. 重申大会以往的决定认为，秘书处法律事务厅编纂司在向国际法委员会提供协助方面，包括在就委员会议程上的专题编写备忘录和研究报告方面，发挥不可或缺的作用；", "23. 核可国际法委员会报告第402段的结论，并重申大会以往关于委员会文件和简要记录的决定；[8]", "24. 欣见秘书处努力作为试行方法将临时简要记录列于有关国际法委员会工作的网站，鼓励委员会秘书处一收到电子文本即将其列于网站，并期待将此做法制度化；", "25. 注意到国际法委员会报告第403至405段，并强调需要加快编写委员会的简要记录；", "26. 又注意到国际法委员会报告第406至409段，强调《国际法委员会年鉴》的价值，并请秘书长确保以所有正式语文及时予以出版；", "27. 还注意到国际法委员会报告第410段，赞赏有关国家政府为信托基金自愿捐款，帮助解决《国际法委员会年鉴》工作积压问题，并鼓励各方进一步为该基金捐款；", "28. 欣见编纂司继续努力维护和改进关于国际法委员会工作的网站；[9]", "29. 希望继续结合国际法委员会各届会议举办国际法讨论会，希望代表世界各主要法系的更多与会者，特别是发展中国家的与会者，以及出席第六委员会会议的代表，有机会参加讨论会，同时呼吁各国继续向联合国国际法讨论会信托基金提供迫切需要的自愿捐助；", "30. 请秘书长根据需要向国际法讨论会提供适当服务，包括口译服务，并鼓励秘书长继续设法改进讨论会的结构和内容；", "31. 强调第六委员会的辩论记录和专题摘要对于国际法委员会的审议工作十分重要，在这方面请秘书长将大会第六十六届会议关于国际法委员会报告的辩论记录连同各国代表团在口头发言时可能散发的书面陈述转送国际法委员会注意，并按照既定做法，编写和分发关于辩论的专题摘要；", "32. 请秘书处在国际法委员会届会结束后，尽快向各国分发载有该届会议工作摘要的委员会报告第二章、载有委员会特别希望听取各国政府意见的具体问题的第三章以及委员会一读或二读通过的条款草案；", "33. 又请秘书处在国际法委员会届会结束后立即提供委员会的报告全文，供会员国审议，报告应在所预期的适当时间内提交，至迟不得超过大会为此设定的时限；", "34. 鼓励国际法委员会继续审议如何提出委员会特别希望听取各国政府意见的具体问题，以协助各国政府更好地理解需要它们作出答复的问题；", "35. 建议大会第六十七届会议关于国际法委员会报告的辩论从2012年10月29日开始。", "2011年12月9日", "第82次全体会议", "[1] ¹ 《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第10号》(A/66/10)。", "[2] ² 第2625(XXV)号决议，附件。", "[3] ³ 《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第10号》(A/66/10)，第五章，E节。", "[4] ⁴ 同上，第六章，E节。", "[5] ⁵ 同上，第四章，F节。", "[6] ⁶ 同上，第十三章，第365段。", "[7] ⁷ 同上，《第六十六届会议，第六委员会》，第26次会议(A/C.6/66/SR.26)和更正；另见A/64/283和A/65/186。", "[8] ⁸ 见第32/151号决议第10段、第37/111号决议第5段及此后所有关于国际法委员会提交大会的年度报告的决议。", "[9] ⁹ www.un.org/law/ilc。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Sixth Committee (A/66/473)]", "66/98. Report of the International Law Commission on the work of its sixty-third session", "The General Assembly,", "Having considered the report of the International Law Commission on the work of its sixty-third session,[1]", "Emphasizing the importance of furthering the progressive development and codification of international law as a means of implementing the purposes and principles set forth in the Charter of the United Nations and in the Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations,[2]", "Recognizing the desirability of referring legal and drafting questions to the Sixth Committee, including topics that might be submitted to the International Law Commission for closer examination, and of enabling the Sixth Committee and the Commission to enhance further their contribution to the progressive development and codification of international law,", "Recalling the need to keep under review those topics of international law which, given their new or renewed interest for the international community, may be suitable for the progressive development and codification of international law and therefore may be included in the future programme of work of the International Law Commission,", "Recalling also the role of Member States in submitting proposals for new topics for the consideration of the International Law Commission, and noting in this regard the recommendation of the Commission that such proposals be accompanied by a statement of reasons,", "Reaffirming the importance for the successful work of the International Law Commission of the information provided by Member States concerning their views and practice,", "Recognizing the importance of the work of the special rapporteurs of the International Law Commission,", "Welcoming the holding of the International Law Seminar, and noting with appreciation the voluntary contributions made to the United Nations Trust Fund for the International Law Seminar,", "Acknowledging the importance of facilitating the timely publication of the Yearbook of the International Law Commission and of eliminating the backlog,", "Stressing the usefulness of focusing and structuring the debate on the report of the International Law Commission in the Sixth Committee in such a manner that conditions are provided for concentrated attention to each of the main topics dealt with in the report and for discussions on specific topics,", "Wishing to enhance further, in the context of the revitalization of the debate on the report of the International Law Commission, the interaction between the Sixth Committee as a body of governmental representatives and the Commission as a body of independent legal experts, with a view to improving the dialogue between the two bodies,", "Welcoming initiatives to hold interactive debates, panel discussions and question time in the Sixth Committee, as envisaged in resolution 58/316 of 1 July 2004 on further measures for the revitalization of the work of the General Assembly,", "1. Takes note of the report of the International Law Commission on the work of its sixty-third session;¹", "2. Expresses its appreciation to the International Law Commission for the work accomplished at its sixty-third session;", "3. Recommends that the International Law Commission continue its work on the topics in its current programme, taking into account the comments and observations of Governments, whether submitted in writing or expressed orally in debates in the Sixth Committee;", "4. Commends the International Law Commission for the completion of its work on the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations,[3] the draft articles on the effects of armed conflicts on treaties,[4] and the Guide to Practice on Reservations to Treaties;[5]", "5. Decides that the consideration of chapter IV of the report of the International Law Commission on the work of its sixty-third session, dealing with the topic “Reservations to treaties”, shall be continued at the sixty-seventh session of the General Assembly, during the consideration of the report of the Commission on the work of its sixty-fourth session;", "6. Draws the attention of Governments to the importance for the International Law Commission of having their views on the various aspects of the topics on the agenda of the Commission, in particular on all the specific issues identified in chapter III of its report, regarding:", "(a) Immunity of State officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction;", "(b) Expulsion of aliens;", "(c) Protection of persons in the event of disasters;", "(d) The obligation to extradite or prosecute (aut dedere aut judicare);", "(e) Treaties over time;", "(f) The most-favoured-nation clause;", "7. Takes note of paragraphs 365 to 369 of the report of the International Law Commission and, in particular, of the inclusion of the topics “Formation and evidence of customary international law”, “Protection of the atmosphere”, “Provisional application of treaties”, “The fair and equitable treatment standard in international investment law” and “Protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts” in the long-term programme of work of the Commission,[6] and also takes note of the respective comments made by Member States;", "8. Invites the International Law Commission to continue to give priority to, and work towards the conclusion of, the topics “Immunity of State officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction” and “The obligation to extradite or prosecute (aut dedere aut judicare)”;", "9. Takes note of the oral report by the Secretariat on assistance to special rapporteurs of the International Law Commission[7] and of paragraph 400 of the report of the Commission, and requests the Secretary-General to continue his efforts to identify concrete options for support for the work of special rapporteurs, additional to those provided under General Assembly resolution 56/272 of 27 March 2002;", "10. Also takes note of paragraphs 370 to 388 of the report of the International Law Commission, and in this regard welcomes the work of the Commission during its sixty-third session to improve its methods of work relating to the role of the special rapporteurs, the study groups, the Drafting Committee, the Planning Group, the preparation of commentaries to draft articles, the final form of the work undertaken on a specific topic, the Commission’s report and the relationship with the Sixth Committee;", "11. Welcomes, in this regard, in particular, the decision of the International Law Commission to define a tentative schedule for the development of any new topic, to periodically review the attainment of annual targets, and to discuss a preliminary plan for the next annual session at the end of each session, and invites the Commission to make such information available to Member States;", "12. Decides to revert to the consideration of the recommendation contained in paragraph 388 of the report of the International Law Commission during the sixty-seventh session of the General Assembly;", "13. Invites the International Law Commission to continue taking measures to enhance its efficiency and productivity and to consider making proposals to Member States to that end;", "14. Encourages the International Law Commission to continue taking cost-saving measures at its future sessions, without prejudice to the efficiency and effectiveness of its work;", "15. Takes note of paragraphs 389 to 391 and 413 to 415 of the report of the International Law Commission and, while acknowledging the exceptional character of its short duration, decides that the next session of the Commission shall be held at the United Nations Office at Geneva from 7 May to 1 June and from 2 July to 3 August 2012, and requests the Secretariat to present options on how to secure earlier dates for the sessions of the Commission to ensure optimal working conditions for the Commission and the timely publication of its report to the General Assembly;", "16. Stresses the desirability of further enhancing the dialogue between the International Law Commission and the Sixth Committee at the sixty-seventh session of the General Assembly, and in this context encourages, inter alia, the continued practice of informal consultations in the form of discussions between the members of the Sixth Committee and the members of the Commission attending the sixty-seventh session of the Assembly;", "17. Encourages delegations, during the debate on the report of the International Law Commission, to adhere as far as possible to the structured work programme agreed to by the Sixth Committee and to consider presenting concise and focused statements;", "18. Encourages Member States to consider being represented at the level of legal adviser during the first week in which the report of the International Law Commission is discussed in the Sixth Committee (International Law Week) to enable high-level discussions on issues of international law;", "19. Requests the International Law Commission to continue to pay special attention to indicating in its annual report, for each topic, any specific issues on which expressions of views by Governments, either in the Sixth Committee or in written form, would be of particular interest in providing effective guidance for the Commission in its further work;", "20. Takes note of paragraphs 418 to 422 of the report of the International Law Commission with regard to cooperation and interaction with other bodies, and encourages the Commission to continue the implementation of articles 16 (e), 25 and 26 of its statute in order to further strengthen cooperation between the Commission and other bodies concerned with international law, having in mind the usefulness of such cooperation;", "21. Notes that consulting with national organizations and individual experts concerned with international law may assist Governments in considering whether to make comments and observations on drafts submitted by the International Law Commission and in formulating their comments and observations;", "22. Reaffirms its previous decisions concerning the indispensable role of the Codification Division of the Office of Legal Affairs of the Secretariat in providing assistance to the International Law Commission, including in the preparation of memorandums and studies on topics on the agenda of the Commission;", "23. Approves the conclusions reached by the International Law Commission in paragraph 402 of its report, and reaffirms its previous decisions concerning the documentation and summary records of the Commission;[8]", "24. Welcomes the efforts of the Secretariat to include on a trial basis the provisional summary records on the website relating to the work of the International Law Commission, encourages their immediate inclusion as soon as the electronic versions are received by the secretariat of the Commission, and looks forward to the institutionalization of this practice;", "25. Takes note of paragraphs 403 to 405 of the report of the International Law Commission, and stresses the need to expedite the preparation of the summary records of the Commission;", "26. Also takes note of paragraphs 406 to 409 of the report of the International Law Commission, stresses the value of the Yearbook of the International Law Commission, and requests the Secretary-General to ensure its timely publication in all official languages;", "27. Further takes note of paragraph 410 of the report of the International Law Commission, expresses its appreciation to Governments that have made voluntary contributions to the trust fund on the backlog relating to the Yearbook of the International Law Commission, and encourages further contributions to the fund;", "28. Welcomes the continuous efforts of the Codification Division to maintain and improve the website relating to the work of the International Law Commission;[9]", "29. Expresses the hope that the International Law Seminar will continue to be held in connection with the sessions of the International Law Commission and that an increasing number of participants representing the principal legal systems of the world, including in particular those from developing countries, will be given the opportunity to attend the Seminar, as well as delegates to the Sixth Committee, and appeals to States to continue to make urgently needed voluntary contributions to the United Nations Trust Fund for the International Law Seminar;", "30. Requests the Secretary-General to provide the International Law Seminar with adequate services, including interpretation, as required, and encourages him to continue considering ways to improve the structure and content of the Seminar;", "31. Underlines the importance of the records and topical summary of the debate in the Sixth Committee for the deliberations of the International Law Commission and, in this regard, requests the Secretary-General to forward to the Commission, for its attention, the records of the debate on the report of the Commission at the sixty-sixth session of the General Assembly, together with such written statements as delegations may circulate in conjunction with their oral statements, and to prepare and distribute a topical summary of the debate, following established practice;", "32. Requests the Secretariat to circulate to States, as soon as possible after the conclusion of the session of the International Law Commission, chapter II of its report containing a summary of the work of that session, chapter III containing the specific issues on which the views of Governments would be of particular interest to the Commission and the draft articles adopted on either first or second reading by the Commission;", "33. Also requests the Secretariat to make the complete report of the International Law Commission available as soon as possible after the conclusion of the session of the Commission for the consideration of Member States with due anticipation and no later than the prescribed time limit for reports in the General Assembly;", "34. Encourages the International Law Commission to continue considering ways in which specific issues on which the views of Governments would be of particular interest to the Commission could be framed so as to help Governments to have a better appreciation of the issues on which responses are required;", "35. Recommends that the debate on the report of the International Law Commission at the sixty-seventh session of the General Assembly commence on 29 October 2012.", "82nd plenary meeting 9 December 2011", "[1]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 10 (A/66/10).", "[2]  Resolution 2625 (XXV), annex.", "[3]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 10 (A/66/10), chap. V, sect. E.", "[4]  Ibid., chap. VI, sect. E.", "[5]  Ibid., chap. IV, sect. F.", "[6]  Ibid., chap. XIII, para. 365.", "[7]  Ibid., Sixty-sixth Session, Sixth Committee, 26th meeting (A/C.6/66/SR.26), and corrigendum; see also A/64/283 and A/65/186.", "[8]  See resolutions 32/151, para. 10, and 37/111, para. 5, and all subsequent resolutions on the annual reports of the International Law Commission to the General Assembly.", "[9]  www.un.org/law/ilc." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Sixth Committee (A/66/473)]", "66/98. Report of the International Law Commission on the work of its sixty-third session", "The General Assembly,", "Having considered the report of the International Law Commission on the work of its sixty-third session,", "Emphasizing the importance of furthering the progressive development and codification of international law as a means of implementing the purposes and principles set forth in the Charter of the United Nations and in the Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations,", "Recognizing the desirability of referring legal and drafting questions to the Sixth Committee, including topics that might be submitted to the International Law Commission for closer examination, and of enabling the Sixth Committee and the Commission to enhance further their contribution to the progressive development of international law and its codification,", "Recalling the need to keep under continuous review topics of international law which, having begun or renewed the attention of the international community, may be suitable for the progressive development and codification of international law and therefore may be included in the future programme of work of the International Law Commission,", "Recalling also the role of Member States in proposing new topics for consideration by the International Law Commission, and noting in this regard the recommendation of the Commission that Member States present their reasons when proposing new topics,", "Reaffirming the importance for the successful work of the International Law Commission of the information provided by Member States on their views and practice,", "Recognizing the importance of the work of the special rapporteurs of the International Law Commission,", "Welcoming the holding of the International Law Seminar, and noting with appreciation the voluntary contributions made to the United Nations Trust Fund for the International Law Seminar,", "Recognizing the importance of facilitating the timely publication of the Yearbook of the International Law Commission and of addressing the backlog,", "Stressing the usefulness of focusing and structuring the debate on the report of the International Law Commission in the Sixth Committee in such a manner that conditions are created for concentrated attention to each of the main topics dealt with in the report and for discussions on specific topics,", "Wishing to enhance further, in the context of the revitalization of the debate on the report of the International Law Commission, the interaction between the Sixth Committee as a body of governmental representatives and the Commission as a body of independent legal experts, with a view to improving the dialogue between the two bodies,", "Welcoming the action taken to schedule interactive debates, panel discussions and question time in the Sixth Committee, in accordance with resolution 58/316 of 1 July 2004 on further measures for the revitalization of the work of the General Assembly,", "Takes note of the report of the International Law Commission on the work of its sixty-third session;1", "Expresses its appreciation to the International Law Commission for the work accomplished at its sixty-third session;", "Recommends that the International Law Commission continue its work on the topics in its current programme, taking into account the comments and observations of Governments, whether submitted in writing or expressed orally in debates in the Sixth Committee;", "4. Commends the International Law Commission for completing its work on the draft articles on responsibility of international organizations, on the draft articles on the effects of armed conflicts on treaties and on the Guide to Practice on reservations to treaties;[5]", "Decides to continue its consideration of chapter IV of the report of the International Law Commission on the work of its sixty-fourth session, on the topic “Reservations to treaties”, in the context of its consideration of the report of the Commission on the work of its sixty-fourth session at its sixty-seventh session;", "6. Draws the attention of Governments to the importance for the International Law Commission of having their views on the various aspects of the topics on the agenda of the Commission, in particular on all the specific issues identified in chapter III of its report concerning:", "(a) Immunity of State officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction;", "(b) Expulsion of aliens;", "(c) Protection of persons in the event of disasters;", "(d) The obligation to extradite or prosecute (aut dedere aut judicare)", "(e) Treaties over time;", "(f) Most-favoured-nation clauses;", "Takes note of paragraphs 365 to 369 of the report of the International Law Commission, in particular with regard to the inclusion of the topics “Customary international law formation and evidence”, “Protection of the atmosphere”, “Provisional application of treaties”, “Standards of fair and equitable treatment in international investment law” and “Protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts” in the long-term programme of work of the Commission, [6] and notes the comments of Member States thereon;", "Requests the International Law Commission to continue to give priority to and make efforts to complete its work on the topics “Immunity of State officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction” and “The obligation to extradite or prosecute (aut dedere aut judicare)”;", "Takes note of the oral report of the Secretariat on assistance to special rapporteurs of the International Law Commission and paragraph 400 of the report of the Commission, and requests the Secretary-General to continue his efforts to identify concrete options to support the work of special rapporteurs, in addition to the approach set out in General Assembly resolution 56/272 of 27 March 2002;", "10. Also takes note of paragraphs 370 to 388 of the report of the International Law Commission, and in this regard welcomes the work done by the Commission during its sixty-third session to improve its working methods with regard to the role of special rapporteurs, the Study Group, the Drafting Committee, the Planning Group, the preparation of commentaries to the draft articles, the final form of work on specific topics, the report of the Commission and its relationship with the Sixth Committee;", "11. Welcomes, in this regard, in particular, the decision of the International Law Commission to establish a tentative timetable for the development of new topics, to review regularly the achievement of annual objectives and to discuss, at the end of each year ' s session, the preliminary plan for the following session, and requests the Commission to make this information available to Member States;", "12. Decides to revert to the consideration of the recommendation contained in paragraph 388 of the report of the International Law Commission at its sixty-seventh session;", "13. Invites the International Law Commission to continue taking measures to enhance its efficiency and productivity and to consider making recommendations to Member States thereon;", "14. Encourages the International Law Commission to continue taking cost-saving measures at its future sessions, without prejudice to the efficiency and effectiveness of its work;", "15. Takes note of paragraphs 389 to 391 and 413 to 415 of the report of the International Law Commission, and, recognizing the special nature of the short duration of the next session of the Commission, decides that the next session of the Commission shall be held at the United Nations Office at Geneva from 7 May to 1 June and from 2 July to 3 August 2012, and requests the Secretariat to propose options for securing an earlier date for the session of the Commission in order to ensure the best working conditions of the Commission and the timely publication of its report to the General Assembly;", "16. Stresses the desirability of further enhancing the dialogue between the International Law Commission and the Sixth Committee during the sixty-seventh session of the General Assembly, and in this regard encourages, inter alia, the continued practice of informal consultations in the form of discussions between the members of the Sixth Committee and the members of the Commission attending the sixty-seventh session of the Assembly;", "17. Encourages delegations, during the debate on the report of the International Law Commission, to adhere as far as possible to the structured programme of work agreed to by the Sixth Committee and to consider presenting their statements as concise and focused;", "18. Encourages Member States to consider being represented at the level of legal adviser during the first week of the Sixth Committee ' s discussion of the report of the International Law Commission (International Law Week), in order to enable high-level discussions on issues of international law;", "19. Requests the International Law Commission to continue to pay special attention to indicating in its annual report, for each topic, any specific issues on which expressions of views by Governments, either in the Sixth Committee or in written form, would be of particular interest in providing effective guidance for the Commission in its further work;", "20. Takes note of paragraphs 418 to 422 of the report of the International Law Commission concerning cooperation and interaction with other bodies, and encourages the Commission to continue the implementation of articles 16 (e), 25 and 26 of its statute, taking into account the role of cooperation between the Commission and other bodies concerned with international law, in order to further strengthen such cooperation;", "21. Notes that consulting with national organizations and individual experts concerned with international law may assist Governments in considering whether to make comments and observations on drafts submitted by the International Law Commission and in formulating their comments and observations;", "22. Reaffirms its previous decisions regarding the indispensable role of the Codification Division of the Office of Legal Affairs of the Secretariat in providing assistance to the International Law Commission, including in the preparation of memorandums and studies on topics on the agenda of the Commission;", "23. Approves the conclusions reached by the International Law Commission in paragraph 402 of its report, and reaffirms its previous decisions concerning the documentation and summary records of the Commission;[8]", "24. Welcomes the efforts of the Secretariat to include provisional summary records on the website relating to the work of the International Law Commission as a pilot methodology, encourages the secretariat of the Commission to include them on the website as soon as they are available in electronic form, and looks forward to the institutionalization of this practice;", "25. Takes note of paragraphs 403 to 405 of the report of the International Law Commission, and stresses the need to expedite the preparation of the summary records of the Commission;", "26. Also takes note of paragraphs 406 to 409 of the report of the International Law Commission, emphasizes the value of the Yearbook of the International Law Commission, and requests the Secretary-General to ensure its timely publication in all official languages;", "27. Also takes note of paragraph 410 of the report of the International Law Commission, expresses its appreciation to the Governments concerned for their voluntary contributions to the trust fund to help resolve the backlog in the Yearbook of the International Law Commission, and encourages further contributions to the fund;", "28. Welcomes the continuing efforts of the Codification Division to maintain and improve the website relating to the work of the International Law Commission;[9]", "29. Expresses the hope that the International Law Seminar will continue to be held in connection with the sessions of the International Law Commission and that a larger number of participants representing the principal legal systems of the world, in particular those from developing countries, as well as representatives to the Sixth Committee will be given the opportunity to attend the Seminar, and appeals to States to continue to make urgently needed voluntary contributions to the United Nations Trust Fund for the International Law Seminar;", "Requests the Secretary-General to provide the International Law Seminar with adequate services, including interpretation, as required, and encourages him to continue considering ways to improve the structure and content of the Seminar;", "31. Stresses the importance of the records of the debate and the topical summary in the Sixth Committee for the deliberations of the International Law Commission, and in this regard requests the Secretary-General to transmit to the Commission the records of the debate on the report of the Commission at the sixty-sixth session of the General Assembly, together with such written statements as delegations may circulate in conjunction with their oral statements, and to prepare and circulate a topical summary of the debate, following established practice;", "32. Requests the Secretariat to circulate to States, as soon as possible after the conclusion of the session of the International Law Commission, chapter II of its report containing a summary of the work of that session, chapter III containing the specific issues on which the views of Governments would be of particular interest to the Commission and the draft articles adopted on either first or second reading by the Commission;", "33. Also requests the Secretariat to make available for the consideration of Member States, immediately following the conclusion of the session of the International Law Commission, the full text of the report of the Commission, to be submitted within an appropriate time frame, if any, not later than that set for that purpose by the General Assembly;", "34. Encourages the International Law Commission to continue its consideration of raising specific issues on which the views of Governments would be of particular interest to the Commission in order to assist Governments in a better understanding of the issues requiring their responses;", "35. Recommends that the debate on the report of the International Law Commission at the sixty-seventh session of the General Assembly commence on 29 October 2012.", "9 December 2011", "82nd PLENARY MEETING", "[1] 1 Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 10 (A/66/10).", "[2] Resolution 2625 (XXV), annex.", "[3] 3 Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 10 (A/66/10), chap. V, sect. E.", "[4] 4 Ibid., chap. VI, sect.", "[5] 5 Ibid., chap. IV, sect.", "[6] 6 Ibid., chap. XIII, para. 365.", "[7] 7 Ibid., Sixty-sixth Session, Sixth Committee, 26th meeting (A/C.6/66/SR.26) and corrigendum; see also A/64/283 and A/65/186.", "[8] See resolutions 32/151, para. 10, 37/111, para. 5, and all subsequent resolutions on the annual report of the International Law Commission to the General Assembly.", "[9] 9 www.un.org/law/ilc." ]

[ "2011年12月9日大会决议", "[根据第六委员会的报告(A/66/473)通过]", "66/99. 武装冲突对条约的影响", "大会，", "审议了国际法委员会第六十三届会议工作报告[1] 第六章，其中载有关于武装冲突对条约的影响的条款草案，", "注意到国际法委员会决定，建议大会通过一项决议表示注意到关于武装冲突对条约的影响的条款草案，并将条款草案列为决议附件，同时建议大会在以后某个阶段考虑以条款草案为基础拟订一项公约，[2]", "强调《联合国宪章》第十三条第一项(子)款所述的国际法的编纂和逐渐发展的持续重要性，", "注意到武装冲突对条约的影响的主题对国家间关系十分重要，", "1. 欣见国际法委员会完成关于武装冲突对条约的影响的工作，并通过了关于这个主题的条款草案和详细的评注；¹", "2. 赞赏国际法委员会对国际法的编纂和逐渐发展继续作出贡献；", "3. 注意到本决议附件所载国际法委员会提出的关于武装冲突对条约的影响的条款，并提请各国政府加以注意，但不妨碍它们将来获得通过的问题或对其采取其他适当行动；", "4. 决定将题为“武装冲突对条约的影响”的项目列入大会第六十九届会议临时议程，以便审查条款可能采取的形式等问题。", "2011年12月9日", "第82次全体会议", "附件", "武装冲突对条约的影响", "第一部分 适用范围和定义", "第1条 适用范围", "本条款适用于武装冲突对国家间条约关系的影响。", "第2条 定义", "为本条款的目的：", "(a) “条约”是指国家间所缔结而以国际法为准之国际书面协定，不论其载于一项单独文书或两项以上相互有关之文书内，亦不论其特定名称如何，包括国际组织亦为缔约方的国家间条约；", "(b) “武装冲突”是指国家间诉诸武力或政府当局与有组织武装团体之间长时间诉诸武力的情形。", "第二部分 原则", "第一章 发生武装冲突时条约的施行", "第3条 一般原则", "在下列缔约国之间，条约的施行不因武装冲突的存在而当然终止或中止：", "(a) 武装冲突当事国之间；", "(b) 武装冲突当事国与非当事国之间。", "第4条", "关于条约施行的规定", "如条约本身载有关于条约在武装冲突情形下如何施行的规定，应适用这些规定。", "第5条", "条约解释规则的适用", "为确定在发生武装冲突时条约是否可能被终止、退出或中止，应适用关于条约解释的国际法规则。", "第6条", "表明条约可能被终止、退出或中止的因素", "为了确定在发生武装冲突时条约是否可能被终止、退出或中止，应参照所有有关因素，包括：", "(a) 条约的性质，特别是其主题事项、目的和宗旨、内容和条约缔约方数目；及", "(b) 武装冲突的特征，诸如其地域范围、规模和激烈程度、持续时间，如果涉及非国际武装冲突，还应考虑外部介入的程度。", "第7条", "条约因其主题事项而继续施行", "本条款附件含有条约指示性清单，其中所列条约的主题事项含有这些条约在武装冲突期间继续全部或部分施行之意。", "第二章", "与条约施行有关的其他规定", "第8条", "武装冲突期间缔结条约", "1. 武装冲突的存在不影响冲突当事国依照国际法缔结条约的能力。", "2. 各国可缔结协定，全部或部分终止或中止在武装冲突情况下在相互间仍适用的某项条约，或可商定对该条约进行修正或修订。", "第9条", "通知终止、退出条约或中止其施行的意向", "1. 一国如因武装冲突而打算终止或退出其作为缔约国的条约，或中止该条约的施行，应将此意向通知条约另一缔约国、其他各缔约国或条约保存人。", "2. 通知自另一缔约国或其他各缔约国收到之时起生效，除非通知载有较晚生效日期。", "3. 以上各款不影响一缔约国在合理的时间内根据条约规定或其他可适用的国际法规则对终止、退出条约或中止其施行提出反对的权利。", "4. 如果有缔约国根据本条第3款提出反对，有关缔约国应通过《联合国宪章》第三十三条所指明的方法寻求解决。", "5. 以上各款不影响各国在解决争端方面对其依然适用的权利或义务。", "第10条", "不依条约存在的国际法义务", "因武装冲突而终止、退出条约或中止其施行，丝毫不影响任何国家有责任履行该条约中所载依国际法必须履行且不依赖该条约而存在的义务。", "第11条", "条约规定的分离", "因武装冲突而终止、退出条约或中止其施行，应对整个条约有效，除非条约另有规定或缔约方另有协议，但下列情况不在此限：", "(a) 条约的部分条款在适用上可与条约的其余部分分离；", "(b) 从条约本身可以推断或通过其他方式确定，接受以上所指条款并非另一缔约方或其他各缔约方接受整个条约约束之必要基础；且", "(c) 条约其余部分之继续施行不致有失公正。", "第12条", "丧失终止、退出条约或中止其施行的权利", "一国在知悉事实后而有下列情形之一者，即不得再因武装冲突而终止、退出条约或中止其施行：", "(a) 该国业已明示同意条约仍然有效或将继续施行；或", "(b) 根据该国行为必须视该国已默认条约将继续施行或继续有效。", "第13条", "武装冲突结束后条约关系的恢复效力或施行", "1. 武装冲突结束后，缔约国可在协议的基础上对因武装冲突而终止或中止施行的条约恢复效力之事作出规定。", "2. 对于因武装冲突而中止施行的条约，应根据第6条所提及的因素决定是否恢复施行。", "第三部分", "其他规定", "第14条", "行使自卫权对条约的影响", "依《联合国宪章》行使其固有的单独或集体自卫权的国家，如果其作为缔约国的条约的施行与行使该项权利不相容，有权全部或部分中止该条约的施行。", "第15条", "禁止侵略国受益", "实施《联合国宪章》以及联合国大会第3314(XXIX)号决议所指的侵略行为的国家不得因该侵略行为所引起的武装冲突而终止、退出条约或中止其施行，如果这将使该国受益。", "第16条", "安全理事会的决定", "本条款不妨碍安全理事会依照《联合国宪章》作出的有关决定。", "第17条", "源自中立法的权利和责任", "本条款不妨碍各国根据中立法而具有的权利和责任。", "第18条", "其他终止、退出或中止的情况", "本条款不妨碍因下列情况等而终止、退出或中止条约：(a) 发生重大违约情事；(b) 发生意外不可能履行；或(c) 情况出现根本改变。", "附件", "第7条所指条约的指示性清单", "(a) 关于武装冲突法的条约，包括关于国际人道主义法的条约；", "(b) 宣布、确立或规定永久制度或地位或有关永久权利的条约，包括确定或修改陆地和海洋边界的条约；", "(c) 多边造法条约；", "(d) 关于国际刑事司法的条约；", "(e) 友好、通商和航海条约以及涉及私权的协定；", "(f) 关于对人权进行国际保护的条约；", "(g) 关于对环境进行国际保护的条约；", "(h) 关于国际水道以及有关装置和设施的条约；", "(i) 关于含水层以及有关装置和设施的条约；", "(j) 作为国际组织组成文书的条约；", "(k) 关于以包括和解、调停、仲裁和司法手段在内的和平手段解决国际争端的条约；", "(l) 关于外交和领事关系的条约。", "[1] 《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第10号》(A/66/10)。", "[2] 同上，第97段。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Sixth Committee (A/66/473)]", "66/99. Effects of armed conflicts on treaties", "The General Assembly,", "Having considered chapter VI of the report of the International Law Commission on the work of its sixty-third session,[1] which contains the draft articles on the effects of armed conflicts on treaties,", "Noting that the International Law Commission decided to recommend to the General Assembly that it take note of the draft articles on the effects of armed conflicts on treaties in a resolution and annex the draft articles to that resolution, and that it consider, at a later stage, the elaboration of a convention on the basis of the draft articles,[2]", "Emphasizing the continuing importance of the codification and progressive development of international law, as referred to in Article 13, paragraph 1 (a), of the Charter of the United Nations,", "Noting that the subject of the effects of armed conflicts on treaties is of major importance in the relations of States,", "1. Welcomes the conclusion of the work of the International Law Commission on the effects of armed conflicts on treaties and its adoption of the draft articles and a detailed commentary on the subject;¹", "2. Expresses its appreciation to the International Law Commission for its continuing contribution to the codification and progressive development of international law;", "3. Takes note of the articles on the effects of armed conflicts on treaties, presented by the International Law Commission, the text of which is annexed to the present resolution, and commends them to the attention of Governments without prejudice to the question of their future adoption or other appropriate action;", "4. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-ninth session an item entitled “Effects of armed conflicts on treaties” with a view to examining, inter alia, the question of the form that might be given to the articles.", "82nd plenary meeting 9 December 2011", "Annex", "Effects of armed conflicts on treaties", "Part One Scope and definitions", "Article 1 Scope", "The present articles apply to the effects of armed conflict on the relations of States under a treaty.", "Article 2 Definitions", "For the purposes of the present articles:", "(a) “Treaty” means an international agreement concluded between States in written form and governed by international law, whether embodied in a single instrument or in two or more related instruments and whatever its particular designation, and includes treaties between States to which international organizations are also parties;", "(b) “Armed conflict” means a situation in which there is resort to armed force between States or protracted resort to armed force between governmental authorities and organized armed groups.", "Part Two Principles", "Chapter I Operation of treaties in the event of armed conflicts", "Article 3 General principle", "The existence of an armed conflict does not ipso facto terminate or suspend the operation of treaties:", "(a) As between States parties to the conflict;", "(b) As between a State party to the conflict and a State that is not.", "Article 4 Provisions on the operation of treaties", "Where a treaty itself contains provisions on its operation in situations of armed conflict, those provisions shall apply.", "Article 5 Application of rules on treaty interpretation", "The rules of international law on treaty interpretation shall be applied to establish whether a treaty is susceptible to termination, withdrawal or suspension in the event of an armed conflict.", "Article 6 Factors indicating whether a treaty is susceptible to termination, withdrawal or suspension", "In order to ascertain whether a treaty is susceptible to termination, withdrawal or suspension in the event of an armed conflict, regard shall be had to all relevant factors, including:", "(a) The nature of the treaty, in particular its subject matter, its object and purpose, its content and the number of parties to the treaty; and", "(b) The characteristics of the armed conflict, such as its territorial extent, its scale and intensity, its duration and, in the case of non-international armed conflict, also the degree of outside involvement.", "Article 7 Continued operation of treaties resulting from their subject matter", "An indicative list of treaties, the subject matter of which involves an implication that they continue in operation, in whole or in part, during armed conflict, is to be found in the annex to the present articles.", "Chapter II Other provisions relevant to the operation of treaties", "Article 8 Conclusion of treaties during armed conflict", "1. The existence of an armed conflict does not affect the capacity of a State party to that conflict to conclude treaties in accordance with international law.", "2. States may conclude agreements involving termination or suspension of a treaty or part of a treaty that is operative between them during situations of armed conflict, or may agree to amend or modify the treaty.", "Article 9 Notification of intention to terminate or withdraw from a treaty or to suspend its operation", "1. A State intending to terminate or withdraw from a treaty to which it is a Party, or to suspend the operation of that treaty, as a consequence of an armed conflict shall notify the other State Party or States Parties to the treaty, or its depositary, of such intention.", "2. The notification takes effect upon receipt by the other State Party or States Parties, unless it provides for a subsequent date.", "3. Nothing in the preceding paragraphs shall affect the right of a Party to object within a reasonable time, in accordance with the terms of the treaty or other applicable rules of international law, to the termination of or withdrawal from the treaty, or suspension of its operation.", "4. If an objection has been raised in accordance with paragraph 3, the States concerned shall seek a solution through the means indicated in Article 33 of the Charter of the United Nations.", "5. Nothing in the preceding paragraphs shall affect the rights or obligations of States with regard to the settlement of disputes insofar as they have remained applicable.", "Article 10 Obligations imposed by international law independently of a treaty", "The termination of or the withdrawal from a treaty, or the suspension of its operation, as a consequence of an armed conflict, shall not impair in any way the duty of any State to fulfil any obligation embodied in the treaty to which it would be subject under international law independently of that treaty.", "Article 11 Separability of treaty provisions", "Termination, withdrawal from or suspension of the operation of a treaty as a consequence of an armed conflict shall, unless the treaty otherwise provides or the Parties otherwise agree, take effect with respect to the whole treaty except where:", "(a) The treaty contains clauses that are separable from the remainder of the treaty with regard to their application;", "(b) It appears from the treaty or is otherwise established that acceptance of those clauses was not an essential basis of the consent of the other Party or Parties to be bound by the treaty as a whole; and", "(c) Continued performance of the remainder of the treaty would not be unjust.", "Article 12 Loss of the right to terminate or withdraw from a treaty or to suspend its operation", "A State may no longer terminate or withdraw from a treaty or suspend its operation as a consequence of an armed conflict if, after becoming aware of the facts:", "(a) It shall have expressly agreed that the treaty remains in force or continues in operation; or", "(b) It must by reason of its conduct be considered as having acquiesced in the continued operation of the treaty or in its maintenance in force.", "Article 13 Revival or resumption of treaty relations subsequent to an armed conflict", "1. Subsequent to an armed conflict, the States Parties may regulate, on the basis of agreement, the revival of treaties terminated or suspended as a consequence of the armed conflict.", "2. The resumption of the operation of a treaty suspended as a consequence of an armed conflict shall be determined in accordance with the factors referred to in article 6.", "Part Three Miscellaneous", "Article 14 Effect of the exercise of the right to self-defence on a treaty", "A State exercising its inherent right of individual or collective self-defence in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations is entitled to suspend in whole or in part the operation of a treaty to which it is a Party insofar as that operation is incompatible with the exercise of that right.", "Article 15 Prohibition of benefit to an aggressor State", "A State committing aggression within the meaning of the Charter of the United Nations and resolution 3314 (XXIX) of the General Assembly of the United Nations shall not terminate or withdraw from a treaty or suspend its operation as a consequence of an armed conflict that results from the act of aggression if the effect would be to the benefit of that State.", "Article 16 Decisions of the Security Council", "The present articles are without prejudice to relevant decisions taken by the Security Council in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations.", "Article 17 Rights and duties arising from the laws of neutrality", "The present articles are without prejudice to the rights and duties of States arising from the laws of neutrality.", "Article 18 Other cases of termination, withdrawal or suspension", "The present articles are without prejudice to the termination, withdrawal or suspension of treaties as a consequence of, inter alia: (a) a material breach; (b) supervening impossibility of performance; or (c) a fundamental change of circumstances.", "Annex Indicative list of treaties referred to in article 7", "(a) Treaties on the law of armed conflict, including treaties on international humanitarian law;", "(b) Treaties declaring, creating or regulating a permanent regime or status or related permanent rights, including treaties establishing or modifying land and maritime boundaries;", "(c) Multilateral law-making treaties;", "(d) Treaties on international criminal justice;", "(e) Treaties of friendship, commerce and navigation and agreements concerning private rights;", "(f) Treaties for the international protection of human rights;", "(g) Treaties relating to the international protection of the environment;", "(h) Treaties relating to international watercourses and related installations and facilities;", "(i) Treaties relating to aquifers and related installations and facilities;", "(j) Treaties which are constituent instruments of international organizations;", "(k) Treaties relating to the international settlement of disputes by peaceful means, including resort to conciliation, mediation, arbitration and judicial settlement;", "(l) Treaties relating to diplomatic and consular relations.", "[1]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 10 (A/66/10).", "[2]  Ibid., para. 97." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Sixth Committee (A/66/473)]", "66/99. Effects of armed conflicts on treaties", "The General Assembly,", "Having considered chapter VI of the report of the International Law Commission on the work of its sixty-third session, containing the draft articles on the effects of armed conflicts on treaties,", "Noting the decision of the International Law Commission to recommend to the General Assembly that it take note of the draft articles on the effects of armed conflicts on treaties in a resolution and annex them to the resolution, and that it consider at a later stage the elaboration of a convention on the basis of the draft articles,", "Emphasizing the continuing importance of the codification and progressive development of international law, as referred to in Article 13, paragraph 1 (a), of the Charter of the United Nations,", "Noting the importance of the topic of the effects of armed conflicts on treaties in the relations of States,", "Welcomes the completion of the work of the International Law Commission on the effects of armed conflicts on treaties and the adoption of the draft articles and detailed commentaries on the subject;1", "Expresses its appreciation to the International Law Commission for its continued contribution to the codification and progressive development of international law;", "3. Takes note of the articles on the effects of armed conflicts on treaties submitted by the International Law Commission, contained in the annex to the present resolution, and draws the attention of Governments to them without prejudice to the question of their future adoption or other appropriate action;", "Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-ninth session the item entitled “Effects of armed conflicts on treaties”, in order to examine, inter alia, the possible form of the articles.", "9 December 2011", "82nd PLENARY MEETING", "Annex", "Effects of armed conflicts on treaties", "Part I Scope of application and definitions", "Article 1 Scope of application", "The present articles apply to the effects of armed conflicts on treaty relations between States.", "Article 2 Definitions", "For the purposes of the present articles:", "(a) “Treaty” means an international agreement, concluded between States in writing and governed by international law, whether embodied in a single instrument or in more than two related instruments, or whatever its particular designation, including treaties between States to which international organizations are also parties;", "(b) “Armed conflict” means the resort to force between States or the prolonged resort to force between governmental authorities and organized armed groups.", "Part II Principles", "Chapter I Operation of treaties in the event of armed conflict", "Article 3 General principles", "The existence of an armed conflict does not ipso facto terminate or suspend the operation of a treaty between:", "(a) Between States parties to an armed conflict;", "(b) As between a State party to the armed conflict and a non-party.", "Article 4", "Provisions on the operation of treaties", "Where the treaty itself contains provisions on the operation of treaties in situations of armed conflict, those provisions shall apply.", "Article 5", "Application of rules on treaty interpretation", "In order to determine whether a treaty is susceptible to termination, withdrawal or suspension in the event of an armed conflict, the rules of international law governing the interpretation of the treaty should apply.", "Article 6", "Factors indicating the susceptibility to termination, withdrawal or suspension", "In order to determine whether a treaty is susceptible to termination, withdrawal or suspension in the event of an armed conflict, reference should be made to all relevant factors, including:", "(a) The nature of the treaty, in particular its subject matter, object and purpose, its content and the number of parties to the treaty; and", "(b) The characteristics of armed conflict, such as its geographical scope, size and intensity, duration and, in the case of non-international armed conflict, the extent of external involvement.", "Article 7", "Continued operation of treaties by virtue of their subject matter", "The annex to the present articles contains an indicative list of treaties whose subject matter includes the implication that they continue in operation, in whole or in part, during an armed conflict.", "Chapter II", "Other provisions relating to the operation of treaties", "Article 8", "Conclusion of treaties during armed conflict", "1. The existence of an armed conflict does not affect the capacity of States parties to the conflict to conclude treaties in accordance with international law.", "2. States may conclude agreements to terminate or suspend, in whole or in part, or to agree to amend or modify a treaty which remains applicable as between them in case of armed conflict.", "Article 9", "Notification of intention to terminate, withdraw from or suspend the operation of a treaty", "1. If a State intends, as a result of an armed conflict, to terminate or withdraw from a treaty to which it is a party, or to suspend the operation of that treaty, it shall notify the other State party to the treaty, the other States parties or the depositary of the treaty of its intention to do so.", "2. The notification takes effect on receipt by the other State Party or States Parties, unless it contains a later date.", "3. The preceding paragraphs shall not affect the right of a Contracting State to object within a reasonable time to the termination, withdrawal or suspension of the operation of a treaty in accordance with the provisions of the treaty or other applicable rules of international law.", "If a State Party objects to paragraph 3 of this article, the State Party concerned shall seek a solution by the means specified in Article 33 of the Charter of the United Nations.", "5. The above paragraphs are without prejudice to the rights or obligations of States that remain applicable to them in the context of dispute settlement.", "Article 10", "Obligations under international law existing outside the treaty", "The termination, withdrawal from or suspension of the operation of a treaty as a result of an armed conflict shall in no way affect the duty of any State to fulfil the obligations it contains under international law which are required to perform and do not rely on that treaty.", "Article 11", "Separation of treaty provisions", "Termination, withdrawal from or suspension of the operation of a treaty as a result of an armed conflict shall take effect in respect of the treaty as a whole, unless the treaty otherwise provides or the parties otherwise agree, unless:", "(a) Part of the treaty may be separated in its application from the rest of the treaty;", "(b) It may be inferred from or otherwise determined from the treaty itself that acceptance of the provisions referred to above is not an essential basis for the acceptance of the treaty as a whole by the other party or other parties; and", "(c) Continued operation of the remainder of the treaty would not be unjust.", "Article 12", "Loss of the right to terminate, withdraw from or suspend the operation of a treaty", "A State may no longer terminate, withdraw from or suspend the operation of a treaty as a result of an armed conflict if, after knowledge of the facts:", "(a) The State has expressly consented that the treaty remains in force or will continue in operation; or", "(b) The act of that State must be considered as having acquiesced in the continuation or continued operation of the treaty.", "Article 13", "Resumption or operation of treaty relations after the end of an armed conflict", "1. After an armed conflict has ended, the States Parties may, on the basis of agreement, regulate the restoration of the validity of treaties terminated or suspended as a result of the armed conflict.", "2. The resumption of the operation of a treaty suspended as a result of an armed conflict shall be determined in accordance with the factors referred to in article 6.", "Part III", "Other provisions", "Article 14", "Effect of the exercise of the right of self-defence on a treaty", "A State exercising its inherent right of individual or collective self-defence in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations has the right to suspend in whole or in part the operation of a treaty to which it is a party if it is incompatible with the exercise of that right.", "Article 15", "Prohibition of benefits to an aggressor State", "A State which commits an act of aggression within the meaning of the Charter of the United Nations and General Assembly resolution 3314 (XXIX) shall not terminate, withdraw from or suspend the operation of a treaty as a result of an armed conflict arising out of that act of aggression if that State would benefit from it.", "Article 16", "Decisions of the Security Council", "The present articles are without prejudice to relevant decisions of the Security Council taken in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations.", "Article 17", "Rights and responsibilities arising from the laws of neutrality", "The present articles are without prejudice to the rights and responsibilities of States under the laws of neutrality.", "Article 18", "Other cases of termination, withdrawal or suspension", "The present articles are without prejudice to the termination, withdrawal from or suspension of a treaty because of, inter alia: (a) a material breach; (b) an unforeseen impossibility of performance; or (c) a fundamental change of circumstances.", "Annex", "Indicative list of treaties referred to in article 7", "(a) Treaties relating to the law of armed conflict, including treaties on international humanitarian law;", "(b) Treaties declaring, establishing or regulating permanent regimes or status or relating to permanent rights, including treaties establishing or modifying land and maritime boundaries;", "(c) Multilateral law-making treaties;", "(d) Treaties on international criminal justice;", "(e) Treaties of friendship, commerce and navigation and agreements concerning private rights;", "(f) Treaties relating to the international protection of human rights;", "(g) Treaties on international protection of the environment;", "(h) Treaties relating to international watercourses and related installations and facilities;", "(i) Treaties relating to aquifers and related installations and facilities;", "(j) Treaties as constituent instruments of international organizations;", "(k) Treaties concerning the settlement of international disputes by peaceful means, including conciliation, mediation, arbitration and judicial means;", "(l) Treaties relating to diplomatic and consular relations.", "[1] Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 10 (A/66/10).", "[2] Ibid., para." ]

[ "2011年12月9日大会决议", "[根据第六委员会的报告(A/66/473)通过]", "66/100. 国际组织的责任", "大会，", "审议了国际法委员会第六十三届会议工作报告[1] 第五章，其中载有关于国际组织的责任的条款草案，", "注意到国际法委员会决定建议大会通过一项决议表示注意到关于国际组织的责任的条款草案，并将条款草案列为决议附件，同时建议大会在以后某个阶段考虑以条款草案为基础拟订一项公约，[2]", "强调《联合国宪章》第十三条第一项(子)款所述的国际法的编纂和逐渐发展的持续重要性，", "注意到国际组织的责任的主题对国家与国际组织间关系十分重要，", "表示注意到各国政府的评论和大会第六十六届会议期间第六委员会关于此问题的讨论，[3]", "1. 欣见国际法委员会完成关于国际组织的责任的工作，并通过了关于这个主题的条款草案和详细的评注；¹", "2. 表示赞赏国际法委员会对国际法的编纂和逐渐发展继续作出贡献；", "3. 注意到本决议附件所载国际法委员会提出的关于国际组织的责任的条款，并提请各国政府和国际组织加以注意，但不妨碍它们将来获得通过的问题或对其采取其他适当行动；", "4. 决定将题为“国际组织的责任”的项目列入大会第六十九届会议临时议程，以便审查条款可能采取的形式等问题。", "2011年12月9日", "第82次全体会议", "附件 国际组织的责任", "第一部分 导言", "第1条 本条款的范围", "1. 本条款适用于国际组织对国际不法行为负有的国际责任。", "2. 本条款也适用于国家对与国际组织行为相关的国际不法行为负有的责任。", "第2条", "用语", "为本条款的目的：", "(a) “国际组织”是指根据条约或受国际法制约的其他文书建立的具有独立国际法律人格的组织。国际组织的成员除国家以外，还可包括其他实体；", "(b) “组织的规则”具体是指：国际组织的组成文书、依组成文书通过的决定、决议和其他文件及组织的既定做法；", "(c) “国际组织的机关”是指按照组织的规则具有此地位的人或实体；", "(d) “国际组织的代理人”是指组织的机关以外，受组织之命行使或帮助行使其某项职能，从而替组织行事的官员或其他人或实体。", "第二部分", "国际组织的国际不法行为", "第一章", "一般原则", "第3条", "国际组织对其国际不法行为的责任", "国际组织的每一国际不法行为均引起该组织的国际责任。", "第4条", "国际组织的国际不法行为的要素", "在下述情况下，国际组织的作为或不作为构成国际不法行为：", "(a) 依国际法，该行为可归于该组织；且", "(b) 该行为构成对该组织国际义务的违反。", "第5条", "国际组织的某一行为乃国际不法行为的定性", "将国际组织的某一行为定性为国际不法行为时须遵守国际法。", "第二章", "将行为归于国际组织", "第6条", "国际组织的机关或代理人的行为", "1. 国际组织的机关或代理人履行该机关或代理人职能的行为，依国际法应视为该组织的行为，不论该机关或代理人相对于该组织而言具有何种地位。", "2. 为确定该组织的机关和代理人的职能，适用该组织的规则。", "第7条", "交由国际组织支配的一国机关或另一国际组织的机关或代理人的行为", "一国的机关或国际组织的机关或代理人在交由另一国际组织支配之后，其行为若受后一组织的有效控制，则依国际法应视为后一国际组织的行为。", "第8条", "逾越权限或违背指示", "国际组织的机关或代理人若以官方身份在该组织总体职能范围内行事，其行为依国际法应视为该组织的行为，即使该行为逾越了该机关或代理人的权限或违背了指示。", "第9条", "被国际组织承认且当作自身行为的行为", "按照第6至第8条不能归于一国际组织的行为，若被该组织承认且当作自身行为，在此范围内，依国际法应视为该组织的行为。", "第三章", "违反国际义务", "第10条", "违反国际义务行为的发生", "1. 如果国际组织的行为不符合国际义务对它的要求，该组织即违反了该国际义务，不论该义务的起源或特性为何。", "2. 第1款包括一国际组织违反其依组织规则对成员的义务的情况。", "第11条", "对国际组织有效的国际义务", "除非行为发生时国际组织受一项国际义务的约束，否则该组织的行为不构成对该项义务的违反。", "第12条", "违反国际义务行为在时间上的延续", "1. 国际组织的非持续性行为违反一项国际义务时，该行为发生的时刻即为违反义务行为发生的时刻，即使该行为的影响继续存在。", "2. 国际组织的持续性行为违反一项国际义务时，该行为持续并始终不符合该项义务的整个期间即为违反义务行为延续的时间。", "3. 如果一项国际义务要求一国际组织防止一特定事件的发生，则该事件发生的时刻即为违反义务行为发生的时刻，而该事件持续并始终不符合该项义务的整个期间即为违反义务行为延续的时间。", "第13条", "由复合行为构成的违反义务行为", "1. 一国际组织通过被整体定义为不法行为的一系列作为和不作为违反国际义务的情事，发生于此作为或不作为发生的时刻，而此作为或不作为连同其他作为或不作为足以构成不法行为。", "2. 在此种情况下，自该系列作为和不作为中的第一个作为或不作为开始，这些作为或不作为反复发生并始终不符合该项国际义务的整个期间，即为违反义务行为延续的时间。", "第四章", "国际组织对一国或另一国际组织行为的责任", "第14条", "援助或协助实施国际不法行为", "在下列情况下，援助或协助一国或另一国际组织实施国际不法行为的国际组织应对此承担国际责任：", "(a) 该组织这样做时知悉该国际不法行为的情形，且", "(b) 该行为若由该组织实施即为国际不法行为。", "第15条", "指挥和控制实施国际不法行为", "在下列情况下，指挥和控制一国或另一国际组织实施国际不法行为的国际组织应对该行为承担国际责任：", "(a) 该组织这样做时知悉该不法行为的情形；且", "(b) 该行为若由该组织实施即为国际不法行为。", "第16条", "胁迫一国或另一国际组织", "在下列情况下，胁迫一国或另一国际组织实施某行为的国际组织应对该行为承担国际责任：", "(a) 在没有胁迫的情况下，该行为会是被胁迫国或国际组织的国际不法行为；且", "(b) 进行胁迫的国际组织这样做时知悉该行为的情形。", "第17条", "通过向成员发出决定和授权而规避国际义务", "1. 如果国际组织通过具有约束力的决定，使其成员国或为其成员的国际组织实施若由该组织自己实施即为国际不法行为的行为，从而使该组织规避某项国际义务，则由此即对该组织产生国际责任。", "2. 如果国际组织授权其成员国或为其成员的国际组织实施若由该组织自己实施即为国际不法行为的行为，且有关行为因授权得以实施，则由此即对该组织产生国际责任。", "3. 无论有关行为对于上述决定或授权所针对的成员国或为其成员的国际组织是否构成国际不法行为，第1款和第2款均适用。", "第18条", "作为另一国际组织成员的国际组织的责任", "在不影响第14条至第17条的情况下，作为另一国际组织成员的国际组织也可因前者的行为而负有国际责任，其条件与第61条和第62条中适用于作为国际组织成员的国家的条件相同。", "第19条", "本章的效果", "本章不妨碍实施有关行为的国家或国际组织或任何其他国家或国际组织的国际责任。", "第五章", "解除行为不法性的情形", "第20条", "同意", "如果一国或一国际组织以有效方式表示同意另一国际组织实施某一特定行为，则对于该国或前一国际组织而言，该特定行为的不法性即告解除，但以该行为不逾越该项同意的范围为限。", "第21条", "自卫", "国际组织的行为若构成国际法范畴内的合法自卫措施，则在此范围内，该行为的不法性即告解除。", "第22条", "反措施", "1. 在遵守第2款和第3款的前提下，如果国际组织不符合其对一国或另一国际组织的国际义务的行为构成反措施，而采取此反措施符合国际法规定的实质性和程序性条件，包括第四部分第二章规定的关于对另一国际组织采取反措施的条件，则在此范围内，该行为的不法性即告解除。", "2. 在遵守第3款的前提下，国际组织不得对作为其成员的责任国或责任国际组织采取反措施，除非：", "(a) 第1款所指的条件得到满足；", "(b) 反措施并非不符合该组织的规则；且", "(c) 别无其他适当手段促使该责任国或责任国际组织履行关于停止违法行为和作出赔偿的义务。", "3. 国际组织不得对违反其规则所规定的国际义务的成员国或为其成员的国际组织采取反措施，除非其规则规定了此种反措施。", "第23条", "不可抗力", "1. 如果国际组织不符合其国际义务的行为起因于不可抗力，即起因于该组织无法控制的不可抗拒的力量或无法预料的事件，以致该组织在这种情况下实际上不可能履行义务，该行为的不法性即告解除。", "2. 在下列情况下，第1款不适用：", "(a) 不可抗力情况是由援引该情况的组织的行为单独导致或与其他因素一并导致；或", "(b) 该组织已承担发生这种情况的风险。", "第24条", "危难", "1. 对于国际组织不符合其国际义务的行为，如果有关行为人在遭遇危难的情况下，除此行为之外，别无其他合理方法来挽救其生命或受其监护的其他人的生命，则该行为的不法性即告解除。", "2. 在下列情况下，第1款不适用：", "(a) 危难情况是由援引该情况的组织的行为单独导致或与其他因素一并导致；或", "(b) 所涉行为很可能导致程度相当或更大的危险。", "第25条", "危急情况", "1. 国际组织不得援引危急情况作为理由来解除其不符合国际义务的行为的不法性，除非该行为：", "(a) 是该组织防止其成员国或整个国际社会的某一基本利益面临迫在眉睫的严重危险的唯一手段，而该组织具有保护此利益的职能；且", "(b) 不会严重损害该组织承担的国际义务所涉一国或多国的某一基本利益，或者整个国际社会的某一基本利益。", "2. 在下列情况下，国际组织无论如何不得援引危急情况作为解除不法性的理由：", "(a) 有关国际义务排除了援引危急情况的可能性；或", "(b) 该组织促成了该危急情况。", "第26条", "对强制性规范的遵守", "对于国际组织不符合一般国际法强制性规范所产生的义务的任何行为，本章中的任何规定均不解除其不法性。", "第27条", "援引解除行为不法性的情况的后果", "根据本章援引解除行为不法性的情况不妨碍：", "(a) 在解除行为不法性的情况不再存在时对该项义务的遵守；", "(b) 对该行为所造成的任何物质损失的补偿问题。", "第三部分", "国际组织的国际责任的内容", "第一章", "一般原则", "第28条", "国际不法行为的法律后果", "国际组织依照第二部分的规定对国际不法行为承担的国际责任，产生本部分所列的法律后果。", "第29条", "继续履行的责任", "本部分所指国际不法行为的法律后果不影响责任国际组织继续履行所违反义务的责任。", "第30条", "停止和不重犯", "国际不法行为的责任国际组织有义务：", "(a) 在该行为仍在继续时，停止该行为；", "(b) 在必要情况下，提供不重犯该行为的适当承诺和保证。", "第31条", "赔偿", "1. 责任国际组织有义务对国际不法行为所造成的损害提供充分赔偿。", "2. 损害包括国际组织的国际不法行为所引起的任何损害，无论是物质损害还是精神损害。", "第32条", "组织规则的相关性", "1. 责任国际组织不得以其规则作为不能按照本部分的规定遵守其义务的理由。", "2. 第1款不妨碍国际组织的规则适用于该组织与其成员国和成员组织之间的关系。", "第33条", "本部分所列国际义务的范围", "1. 本部分所列责任国际组织的义务可能是对一个或多个国家、一个或多个其他组织、或对整个国际社会承担的义务，具体取决于该国际义务的特性和内容及违反义务的情形。", "2. 本部分不妨碍任何人或国家或国际组织以外的实体因国际组织的国际责任而直接取得的任何权利。", "第二章", "赔偿损害", "第34条", "赔偿的方式", "对国际不法行为造成的损害的充分赔偿，应按照本章的规定，单独或合并采取恢复原状、补偿和抵偿的方式。", "第35条", "恢复原状", "国际不法行为的责任国际组织有义务恢复原状，即恢复到实施不法行为以前所存在的状况，前提及限制范围是：", "(a) 恢复原状并非实际上不可能；", "(b) 从恢复原状而非补偿中得到的利益与所引起的负担不致完全不成比例。", "第36条", "补偿", "1. 如果损害没有以恢复原状的方式得到赔偿，国际不法行为的责任国际组织有义务补偿该行为造成的损害。", "2. 这种补偿应该涵盖在经济上可以评估的任何损害，包括可以确定的利润损失。", "第37条", "抵偿", "1. 如果损害没有以恢复原状或补偿的方式得到赔偿，国际不法行为的责任国际组织有义务抵偿该行为造成的损害。", "2. 抵偿可采取承认不法行为、表示遗憾、正式道歉或其他适当的方式。", "3. 抵偿不应与损害不成比例，并且不得采取羞辱责任国际组织的方式。", "第38条", "利息", "1. 为确保充分赔偿，在必要时，应支付根据本章所应支付的任何本金金额的利息。为此应规定利率和计算方法。", "2. 利息从应支付本金金额之日起算，至完成履行支付义务之日为止。", "第39条", "促成损害", "在确定赔偿时，应考虑到受害国或国际组织或与索赔相关的任何人或实体由于故意或疏忽以作为或不作为而促成损害的情况。", "第40条", "确保履行赔偿义务", "1. 责任国际组织应根据其规则采取一切适当措施，确保其成员向该组织提供有效履行本章所规定的义务的手段。", "2. 责任国际组织的成员应采取该组织的规则可能要求的一切适当措施，使该组织能够履行本章所规定的义务。", "第三章", "严重违反一般国际法强制性规范的义务", "第41条", "本章的适用", "1. 本章适用于国际组织严重违反一般国际法强制性规范规定的义务的行为所产生的国际责任。", "2. 此种违反义务行为如果涉及责任国际组织严重地或系统性地不履行义务，则构成严重违反义务行为。", "第42条", "严重违反本章规定的义务的特定后果", "1. 国家和国际组织应合作以合法手段制止第41条含义范围内的任何严重违反义务行为。", "2. 任何国家或国际组织均不得承认第41条含义范围内的严重违反义务行为造成的状况为合法，也不得为维持这种状况提供援助或协助。", "3. 第42条不妨碍本部分所指的其他后果和本章适用的违反义务行为可能依国际法引起的进一步后果。", "第四部分", "国际组织的国际责任的履行", "第一章", "援引国际组织的责任", "第43条", "受害国或国际组织援引责任", "一国或一国际组织有权在下列情况下作为受害国或受害国际组织援引另一国际组织的责任：", "(a) 被违反的义务是单独地向该国或该国际组织承担的义务；", "(b) 被违反的义务是向包括该国或该国际组织在内的一组国家或国际组织或向整个国际社会承担的义务，而对此义务的违反：", "㈠ 特别影响到该国或该国际组织；或", "㈡ 因其性质，在进一步履行义务方面，重大改变了作为义务对象的所有其他国家和国际组织的地位。", "第44条", "受害国或国际组织通知其求偿要求", "1. 援引另一国际组织责任的受害国或国际组织应将其求偿要求通知该组织。", "2. 受害国或国际组织可具体指明：", "(a) 如果不法行为仍在继续，责任国际组织为停止该不法行为而应采取的行动；", "(b) 根据第三部分的规定应采取哪种赔偿方式。", "第45条", "求偿要求的可受理性", "1. 如果求偿要求没有根据与求偿要求的国籍有关的适用规则提出，受害国不得援引国际组织的责任。", "2. 如果用尽当地补救的规则适用于求偿要求，受害国或国际组织在未用尽所有可利用的有效补救之前不得援引另一国际组织的责任。", "第46条", "援引责任权利的丧失", "在下列情况下不得援引国际组织的责任：", "(a) 受害国或国际组织已有效地放弃求偿要求；", "(b) 受害国或国际组织基于其行为应被视为已有效地默认其求偿要求失效。", "第47条", "数个受害国或国际组织", "如果数个国家或国际组织由于一国际组织的同一国际不法行为而受害，每一受害国或国际组织可分别援引该国际组织对国际不法行为的责任。", "第48条", "一个国际组织和一个或多个国家或国际组织的责任", "1. 如果一个国际组织和一个或多个国家或其他国际组织对同一国际不法行为应负责任，可对每一个国家或组织援引涉及该行为的责任。", "2. 只有在援引主要责任未得到赔偿的情况下，方可援引次要责任。", "3. 第1款和第2款：", "(a) 不允许任何受害国或国际组织通过补偿的方式获取多于其所受损失的利益；", "(b) 不妨碍提供赔偿的国家或国际组织对其他责任国或国际组织可能具有的追索权。", "第49条", "受害国或受害国际组织以外的国家或国际组织援引责任", "1. 受害国或受害国际组织以外的国家或国际组织有权在下列情况下按照第4款援引另一国际组织的责任：被违反的义务是向包括援引责任的国家或组织在内的一组国家或国际组织承担的，并且是为保护该组合的集体利益而确立的。", "2. 受害国以外的国家有权在下列情况下按照第4款援引一国际组织的责任：被违反的义务是对整个国际社会承担的。", "3. 受害国际组织以外的国际组织有权在下列情况下按照第4款援引另一国际组织的责任：被违反的义务是向整个国际社会承担的，而且保护作为该义务的基础的整个国际社会的利益属于援引责任的国际组织的职能范围。", "4. 有权按照第1款至第3款援引责任的国家或国际组织可要求责任国际组织：", "(a) 按照第30条的规定，停止国际不法行为，并提供不重犯的承诺和保证；且", "(b) 按照第三部分的规定，履行向受害国或国际组织或被违反的义务的受益人提供赔偿的义务。", "5. 受害国或国际组织按照第44条、第45条第2款和第46条援引责任的条件适用于有权按照第1款至第4款这样做的国家或国际组织援引责任的情况。", "第50条", "本章的范围", "本章不妨碍个人或国家或国际组织以外的实体可能具有的援引国际组织的国际责任的权利。", "第二章", "反措施", "第51条", "反措施的目的和限制", "1. 受害国或受害国际组织只在为促使国际不法行为的责任国际组织依第三部分的规定履行其义务时，才可对该国际组织采取反措施。", "2. 反措施限于采取措施的国家或国际组织暂不履行对责任国际组织的国际义务。", "3. 反措施应尽可能容许恢复履行有关义务。", "4. 反措施应尽可能限制其对责任国际组织行使职能的影响。", "第52条", "国际组织成员采取反措施的条件", "1. 在遵守第2款的前提下，责任国际组织的受害成员国或国际组织，不得对该组织采取反措施，除非：", "(a) 第51条所指的条件得到满足；", "(b) 反措施并非不符合该组织的规则；且", "(c) 别无其他适当手段促使责任国际组织遵守关于停止违法行为和作出赔偿的义务。", "2. 责任国际组织的受害成员国或国际组织不得因该组织违反其规则所规定的国际义务而对该组织采取反措施，除非该组织的规则规定了此种反措施。", "第53条", "不受反措施影响的义务", "1. 反措施不得影响：", "(a) 《联合国宪章》中规定的不得以武力相威胁或使用武力的义务；", "(b) 保护人权的义务；", "(c) 禁止报复的人道主义性质的义务；", "(d) 一般国际法强制性规范规定的其他义务。", "2. 采取反措施的受害国或国际组织仍应履行下列义务：", "(a) 其与责任国际组织之间任何可适用的争端解决程序项下的义务；", "(b) 尊重责任国际组织的机关或代理人以及该组织馆舍、档案和文件的不可侵犯性的义务。", "第54条", "反措施的相称性", "反措施必须与所遭受的损害相称，应考虑到国际不法行为的严重程度和有关权利。", "第55条", "采取反措施的条件", "1. 受害国或国际组织在采取反措施前应：", "(a) 根据第44条要求责任国际组织按照第三部分的规定履行其义务；", "(b) 将采取反措施的任何决定通知责任国际组织并提议与该组织进行谈判。", "2. 虽有第1款(b)项的规定，受害国或国际组织可采取必要的紧急措施，以维护其权利。", "3. 在下列情况下不得采取反措施，如已采取，务必中止，不得无理拖延：", "(a) 国际不法行为已经停止；且", "(b) 争端在有权作出对当事方有约束力裁决的法院或法庭待决。", "4. 如果责任国际组织不秉诚履行争端解决程序，第3款即不适用。", "第56条", "终止反措施", "一旦责任国际组织已按第三部分的规定遵守与国际不法行为有关的义务，即应终止反措施。", "第57条", "受害国或受害组织以外的国家或国际组织采取的措施", "本章不妨碍根据第49条第1款至第3款有权援引一国际组织的责任的任何国家或另一国际组织对该国际组织采取合法措施，以确保停止该违反义务行为，并使受害国或受害组织或被违反的义务的受益人获得赔偿。", "第五部分", "国家对国际组织的行为的责任", "第58条", "国家援助或协助国际组织实施国际不法行为", "1. 在下列情况下，援助或协助国际组织实施国际不法行为的国家应对此承担国际责任：", "(a) 该国这样做时知悉该国际不法行为的情形；且", "(b) 该行为若由该国实施即为国际不法行为。", "2. 国际组织一成员国按照该组织的规则从事的行为本身不会对该国产生第58条所指的国际责任。", "第59条", "国家指挥和控制国际组织实施国际不法行为", "1. 在下列情况下，指挥和控制国际组织实施国际不法行为的国家应对该行为承担国际责任：", "(a) 该国这样做时知悉该国际不法行为的情形；且", "(b) 该行为若由该国实施即为国际不法行为。", "2. 国际组织一成员国按照该组织的规则从事的行为本身不会对该国产生第59条所指的国际责任。", "第60条", "国家胁迫国际组织", "在下列情况下，胁迫国际组织实施某行为的国家应对该行为承担国际责任：", "(a) 在没有胁迫的情况下，该行为会是被胁迫的国际组织的国际不法行为；且", "(b) 胁迫国这样做时知悉该行为的情形。", "第61条", "国际组织成员国规避国际义务", "1. 如果国际组织成员国利用该组织对于该国某一国际义务事项所具有的职权，使该组织实施若由该国实施即构成违反该义务的行为，从而使该国规避该义务，则由此即对该国产生国际责任。", "2. 无论有关行为是否构成该国际组织的国际不法行为，第1款均适用。", "第62条", "国际组织成员国对该组织国际不法行为的责任", "1. 在下列情况下，国际组织成员国应对该组织的国际不法行为负责：", "(a) 成员国已接受该行为引起的对受害方的责任；或", "(b) 成员国已导致受害方认定它将承担责任。", "2. 第1款所指的国家的国际责任应推定为次要责任。", "第63条", "本部分的效果", "本部分不妨碍实施有关行为的国际组织或任何国家或其他国际组织的国际责任。", "第六部分", "一般规定", "第64条", "特别法", "如果国际不法行为存在的条件或国际组织或国家涉及国际组织之行为的国际责任的内容或履行须遵守国际法特别规则，则在此范围内不适用本条款。国际法的这种特别规则可能载于适用于国际组织同其成员之间关系的组织规则。", "第65条", "本条款中没有规定的国际责任问题", "凡本条款中没有规定的，关于国际组织或国家对国际不法行为的责任问题，仍应遵守可适用的国际法规则。", "第66条", "个人的责任", "本条款不影响以国际组织或国家名义行事的任何人在国际法中的个人责任问题。", "第67条", "《联合国宪章》", "本条款不妨碍《联合国宪章》的规定。", "[1] 《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第10号》(A/66/10)。", "[2] 同上，第85段。", "[3] 同上,《第六委员会》，第18至28次和第30次会议(A/C.6/66/SR.18-28和30)和更正。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Sixth Committee (A/66/473)]", "66/100. Responsibility of international organizations", "The General Assembly,", "Having considered chapter V of the report of the International Law Commission on the work of its sixty-third session,[1] which contains the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations,", "Noting that the International Law Commission decided to recommend to the General Assembly that it take note of the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations in a resolution and annex the draft articles to that resolution, and that it consider, at a later stage, the elaboration of a convention on the basis of the draft articles,[2]", "Emphasizing the continuing importance of the codification and progressive development of international law, as referred to in Article 13, paragraph 1 (a), of the Charter of the United Nations,", "Noting that the subject of responsibility of international organizations is of major importance in the relations of States and international organizations,", "Taking note of the comments of Governments and the discussion in the Sixth Committee at the sixty-sixth session of the General Assembly on this topic,[3]", "1. Welcomes the conclusion of the work of the International Law Commission on responsibility of international organizations and its adoption of the draft articles and a detailed commentary on the subject;¹", "2. Expresses its appreciation to the International Law Commission for its continuing contribution to the codification and progressive development of international law;", "3. Takes note of the articles on the responsibility of international organizations, presented by the International Law Commission, the text of which is annexed to the present resolution, and commends them to the attention of Governments and international organizations without prejudice to the question of their future adoption or other appropriate action;", "4. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-ninth session an item entitled “Responsibility of international organizations”, with a view to examining, inter alia, the question of the form that might be given to the articles.", "82nd plenary meeting 9 December 2011", "Annex", "Responsibility of international organizations", "Part One Introduction", "Article 1 Scope of the present articles", "1. The present articles apply to the international responsibility of an international organization for an internationally wrongful act.", "2. The present articles also apply to the international responsibility of a State for an internationally wrongful act in connection with the conduct of an international organization.", "Article 2 Use of terms", "For the purposes of the present articles:", "(a) “International organization” means an organization established by a treaty or other instrument governed by international law and possessing its own international legal personality. International organizations may include as members, in addition to States, other entities;", "(b) “Rules of the organization” means, in particular, the constituent instruments, decisions, resolutions and other acts of the international organization adopted in accordance with those instruments, and established practice of the organization;", "(c) “Organ of an international organization” means any person or entity which has that status in accordance with the rules of the organization;", "(d) “Agent of an international organization” means an official or other person or entity, other than an organ, who is charged by the organization with carrying out, or helping to carry out, one of its functions, and thus through whom the organization acts.", "Part Two The internationally wrongful act of an international organization", "Chapter I General principles", "Article 3 Responsibility of an international organization for its internationally wrongful acts", "Every internationally wrongful act of an international organization entails the international responsibility of that organization.", "Article 4 Elements of an internationally wrongful act of an international organization", "There is an internationally wrongful act of an international organization when conduct consisting of an action or omission:", "(a) Is attributable to that organization under international law; and", "(b) Constitutes a breach of an international obligation of that organization.", "Article 5 Characterization of an act of an international organization as internationally wrongful", "The characterization of an act of an international organization as internationally wrongful is governed by international law.", "Chapter II Attribution of conduct to an international organization", "Article 6 Conduct of organs or agents of an international organization", "1. The conduct of an organ or agent of an international organization in the performance of functions of that organ or agent shall be considered an act of that organization under international law, whatever position the organ or agent holds in respect of the organization.", "2. The rules of the organization apply in the determination of the functions of its organs and agents.", "Article 7 Conduct of organs of a State or organs or agents of an international organization placed at the disposal of another international organization", "The conduct of an organ of a State or an organ or agent of an international organization that is placed at the disposal of another international organization shall be considered under international law an act of the latter organization if the organization exercises effective control over that conduct.", "Article 8 Excess of authority or contravention of instructions", "The conduct of an organ or agent of an international organization shall be considered an act of that organization under international law if the organ or agent acts in an official capacity and within the overall functions of that organization, even if the conduct exceeds the authority of that organ or agent or contravenes instructions.", "Article 9 Conduct acknowledged and adopted by an international organization as its own", "Conduct which is not attributable to an international organization under articles 6 to 8 shall nevertheless be considered an act of that organization under international law if and to the extent that the organization acknowledges and adopts the conduct in question as its own.", "Chapter III Breach of an international obligation", "Article 10 Existence of a breach of an international obligation", "1. There is a breach of an international obligation by an international organization when an act of that international organization is not in conformity with what is required of it by that obligation, regardless of the origin or character of the obligation concerned.", "2. Paragraph 1 includes the breach of any international obligation that may arise for an international organization towards its members under the rules of the organization.", "Article 11 International obligation in force for an international organization", "An act of an international organization does not constitute a breach of an international obligation unless the organization is bound by the obligation in question at the time the act occurs.", "Article 12 Extension in time of the breach of an international obligation", "1. The breach of an international obligation by an act of an international organization not having a continuing character occurs at the moment when the act is performed, even if its effects continue.", "2. The breach of an international obligation by an act of an international organization having a continuing character extends over the entire period during which the act continues and remains not in conformity with that obligation.", "3. The breach of an international obligation requiring an international organization to prevent a given event occurs when the event occurs and extends over the entire period during which the event continues and remains not in conformity with that obligation.", "Article 13 Breach consisting of a composite act", "1. The breach of an international obligation by an international organization through a series of actions and omissions defined in aggregate as wrongful occurs when the action or omission occurs which, taken with the other actions or omissions, is sufficient to constitute the wrongful act.", "2. In such a case, the breach extends over the entire period starting with the first of the actions or omissions of the series and lasts for as long as these actions or omissions are repeated and remain not in conformity with the international obligation.", "Chapter IV Responsibility of an international organization in connection with the act of a State or another international organization", "Article 14 Aid or assistance in the commission of an internationally wrongful act", "An international organization which aids or assists a State or another international organization in the commission of an internationally wrongful act by the State or the latter organization is internationally responsible for doing so if:", "(a) The former organization does so with knowledge of the circumstances of the internationally wrongful act; and", "(b) The act would be internationally wrongful if committed by that organization.", "Article 15 Direction and control exercised over the commission of an internationally wrongful act", "An international organization which directs and controls a State or another international organization in the commission of an internationally wrongful act by the State or the latter organization is internationally responsible for that act if:", "(a) The former organization does so with knowledge of the circumstances of the internationally wrongful act; and", "(b) The act would be internationally wrongful if committed by that organization.", "Article 16 Coercion of a State or another international organization", "An international organization which coerces a State or another international organization to commit an act is internationally responsible for that act if:", "(a) The act would, but for the coercion, be an internationally wrongful act of the coerced State or international organization; and", "(b) The coercing international organization does so with knowledge of the circumstances of the act.", "Article 17 Circumvention of international obligations through decisions and authorizations addressed to members", "1. An international organization incurs international responsibility if it circumvents one of its international obligations by adopting a decision binding member States or international organizations to commit an act that would be internationally wrongful if committed by the former organization.", "2. An international organization incurs international responsibility if it circumvents one of its international obligations by authorizing member States or international organizations to commit an act that would be internationally wrongful if committed by the former organization and the act in question is committed because of that authorization.", "3. Paragraphs 1 and 2 apply whether or not the act in question is internationally wrongful for the member States or international organizations to which the decision or authorization is addressed.", "Article 18 Responsibility of an international organization member of another international organization", "Without prejudice to articles 14 to 17, the international responsibility of an international organization that is a member of another international organization also arises in relation to an act of the latter under the conditions set out in articles 61 and 62 for States that are members of an international organization.", "Article 19 Effect of this Chapter", "This Chapter is without prejudice to the international responsibility of the State or international organization which commits the act in question, or of any other State or international organization.", "Chapter V Circumstances precluding wrongfulness", "Article 20 Consent", "Valid consent by a State or an international organization to the commission of a given act by another international organization precludes the wrongfulness of that act in relation to that State or the former organization to the extent that the act remains within the limits of that consent.", "Article 21 Self-defence", "The wrongfulness of an act of an international organization is precluded if and to the extent that the act constitutes a lawful measure of self-defence under international law.", "Article 22 Countermeasures", "1. Subject to paragraphs 2 and 3, the wrongfulness of an act of an international organization not in conformity with an international obligation towards a State or another international organization is precluded if and to the extent that the act constitutes a countermeasure taken in accordance with the substantive and procedural conditions required by international law, including those set forth in Chapter II of Part Four for countermeasures taken against another international organization.", "2. Subject to paragraph 3, an international organization may not take countermeasures against a responsible member State or international organization unless:", "(a) The conditions referred to in paragraph 1 are met;", "(b) The countermeasures are not inconsistent with the rules of the organization; and", "(c) No appropriate means are available for otherwise inducing compliance with the obligations of the responsible State or international organization concerning cessation of the breach and reparation.", "3. Countermeasures may not be taken by an international organization against a member State or international organization in response to a breach of an international obligation under the rules of the organization unless such countermeasures are provided for by those rules.", "Article 23 Force majeure", "1. The wrongfulness of an act of an international organization not in conformity with an international obligation of that organization is precluded if the act is due to force majeure, that is, the occurrence of an irresistible force or of an unforeseen event, beyond the control of the organization, making it materially impossible in the circumstances to perform the obligation.", "2. Paragraph 1 does not apply if:", "(a) The situation of force majeure is due, either alone or in combination with other factors, to the conduct of the organization invoking it; or", "(b) The organization has assumed the risk of that situation occurring.", "Article 24 Distress", "1. The wrongfulness of an act of an international organization not in conformity with an international obligation of that organization is precluded if the author of the act in question has no other reasonable way, in a situation of distress, of saving the author’s life or the lives of other persons entrusted to the author’s care.", "2. Paragraph 1 does not apply if:", "(a) The situation of distress is due, either alone or in combination with other factors, to the conduct of the organization invoking it; or", "(b) The act in question is likely to create a comparable or greater peril.", "Article 25 Necessity", "1. Necessity may not be invoked by an international organization as a ground for precluding the wrongfulness of an act not in conformity with an international obligation of that organization unless the act:", "(a) Is the only means for the organization to safeguard against a grave and imminent peril an essential interest of its member States or of the international community as a whole, when the organization has, in accordance with international law, the function to protect the interest in question; and", "(b) Does not seriously impair an essential interest of the State or States towards which the international obligation exists, or of the international community as a whole.", "2. In any case, necessity may not be invoked by an international organization as a ground for precluding wrongfulness if:", "(a) The international obligation in question excludes the possibility of invoking necessity; or", "(b) The organization has contributed to the situation of necessity.", "Article 26 Compliance with peremptory norms", "Nothing in this Chapter precludes the wrongfulness of any act of an international organization which is not in conformity with an obligation arising under a peremptory norm of general international law.", "Article 27 Consequences of invoking a circumstance precluding wrongfulness", "The invocation of a circumstance precluding wrongfulness in accordance with this Chapter is without prejudice to:", "(a) Compliance with the obligation in question, if and to the extent that the circumstance precluding wrongfulness no longer exists;", "(b) The question of compensation for any material loss caused by the act in question.", "Part Three Content of the international responsibility of an international organization", "Chapter I General principles", "Article 28 Legal consequences of an internationally wrongful act", "The international responsibility of an international organization which is entailed by an internationally wrongful act in accordance with the provisions of Part Two involves legal consequences as set out in this Part.", "Article 29 Continued duty of performance", "The legal consequences of an internationally wrongful act under this Part do not affect the continued duty of the responsible international organization to perform the obligation breached.", "Article 30 Cessation and non-repetition", "The international organization responsible for the internationally wrongful act is under an obligation:", "(a) To cease that act, if it is continuing;", "(b) To offer appropriate assurances and guarantees of non-repetition, if circumstances so require.", "Article 31 Reparation", "1. The responsible international organization is under an obligation to make full reparation for the injury caused by the internationally wrongful act.", "2. Injury includes any damage, whether material or moral, caused by the internationally wrongful act of an international organization.", "Article 32 Relevance of the rules of the organization", "1. The responsible international organization may not rely on its rules as justification for failure to comply with its obligations under this Part.", "2. Paragraph 1 is without prejudice to the applicability of the rules of an international organization to the relations between the organization and its member States and organizations.", "Article 33 Scope of international obligations set out in this Part", "1. The obligations of the responsible international organization set out in this Part may be owed to one or more States, to one or more other organizations, or to the international community as a whole, depending in particular on the character and content of the international obligation and on the circumstances of the breach.", "2. This Part is without prejudice to any right, arising from the international responsibility of an international organization, which may accrue directly to any person or entity other than a State or an international organization.", "Chapter II Reparation for injury", "Article 34 Forms of reparation", "Full reparation for the injury caused by the internationally wrongful act shall take the form of restitution, compensation and satisfaction, either singly or in combination, in accordance with the provisions of this Chapter.", "Article 35 Restitution", "An international organization responsible for an internationally wrongful act is under an obligation to make restitution, that is, to re-establish the situation which existed before the wrongful act was committed, provided and to the extent that restitution:", "(a) Is not materially impossible;", "(b) Does not involve a burden out of all proportion to the benefit deriving from restitution instead of compensation.", "Article 36 Compensation", "1. The international organization responsible for an internationally wrongful act is under an obligation to compensate for the damage caused thereby, insofar as such damage is not made good by restitution.", "2. The compensation shall cover any financially assessable damage, including loss of profits insofar as it is established.", "Article 37 Satisfaction", "1. The international organization responsible for an internationally wrongful act is under an obligation to give satisfaction for the injury caused by that act insofar as it cannot be made good by restitution or compensation.", "2. Satisfaction may consist in an acknowledgement of the breach, an expression of regret, a formal apology or another appropriate modality.", "3. Satisfaction shall not be out of proportion to the injury and may not take a form humiliating to the responsible international organization.", "Article 38 Interest", "1. Interest on any principal sum due under this Chapter shall be payable when necessary in order to ensure full reparation. The interest rate and mode of calculation shall be set so as to achieve that result.", "2. Interest runs from the date when the principal sum should have been paid until the date the obligation to pay is fulfilled.", "Article 39 Contribution to the injury", "In the determination of reparation, account shall be taken of the contribution to the injury by wilful or negligent action or omission of the injured State or international organization or of any person or entity in relation to whom reparation is sought.", "Article 40 Ensuring the fulfilment of the obligation to make reparation", "1. The responsible international organization shall take all appropriate measures in accordance with its rules to ensure that its members provide it with the means for effectively fulfilling its obligations under this Chapter.", "2. The members of a responsible international organization shall take all the appropriate measures that may be required by the rules of the organization in order to enable the organization to fulfil its obligations under this Chapter.", "Chapter III Serious breaches of obligations under peremptory norms of general international law", "Article 41 Application of this Chapter", "1. This Chapter applies to the international responsibility which is entailed by a serious breach by an international organization of an obligation arising under a peremptory norm of general international law.", "2. A breach of such an obligation is serious if it involves a gross or systematic failure by the responsible international organization to fulfil the obligation.", "Article 42 Particular consequences of a serious breach of an obligation under this Chapter", "1. States and international organizations shall cooperate to bring to an end through lawful means any serious breach within the meaning of article 41.", "2. No State or international organization shall recognize as lawful a situation created by a serious breach within the meaning of article 41, nor render aid or assistance in maintaining that situation.", "3. Article 42 is without prejudice to the other consequences referred to in this Part and to such further consequences that a breach to which this Chapter applies may entail under international law.", "Part Four The implementation of the international responsibility of an international organization", "Chapter I Invocation of the responsibility of an international organization", "Article 43 Invocation of responsibility by an injured State or international organization", "A State or an international organization is entitled as an injured State or an injured international organization to invoke the responsibility of another international organization if the obligation breached is owed to:", "(a) That State or the former international organization individually;", "(b) A group of States or international organizations including that State or the former international organization, or the international community as a whole, and the breach of the obligation:", "(i) Specially affects that State or that international organization; or", "(ii) Is of such a character as radically to change the position of all the other States and international organizations to which the obligation is owed with respect to the further performance of the obligation.", "Article 44 Notice of claim by an injured State or international organization", "1. An injured State or international organization which invokes the responsibility of another international organization shall give notice of its claim to that organization.", "2. The injured State or international organization may specify in particular:", "(a) The conduct that the responsible international organization should take in order to cease the wrongful act, if it is continuing;", "(b) What form reparation should take in accordance with the provisions of Part Three.", "Article 45 Admissibility of claims", "1. An injured State may not invoke the responsibility of an international organization if the claim is not brought in accordance with any applicable rule relating to the nationality of claims.", "2. When the rule of exhaustion of local remedies applies to a claim, an injured State or international organization may not invoke the responsibility of another international organization if any available and effective remedy has not been exhausted.", "Article 46 Loss of the right to invoke responsibility", "The responsibility of an international organization may not be invoked if:", "(a) The injured State or international organization has validly waived the claim;", "(b) The injured State or international organization is to be considered as having, by reason of its conduct, validly acquiesced in the lapse of the claim.", "Article 47 Plurality of injured States or international organizations", "Where several States or international organizations are injured by the same internationally wrongful act of an international organization, each injured State or international organization may separately invoke the responsibility of the international organization for the internationally wrongful act.", "Article 48 Responsibility of an international organization and one or more States or international organizations", "1. Where an international organization and one or more States or other international organizations are responsible for the same internationally wrongful act, the responsibility of each State or organization may be invoked in relation to that act.", "2. Subsidiary responsibility may be invoked insofar as the invocation of the primary responsibility has not led to reparation.", "3. Paragraphs 1 and 2:", "(a) Do not permit any injured State or international organization to recover, by way of compensation, more than the damage it has suffered;", "(b) Are without prejudice to any right of recourse that the State or international organization providing reparation may have against the other responsible States or international organizations.", "Article 49 Invocation of responsibility by a State or an international organization other than an injured State or international organization", "1. A State or an international organization other than an injured State or international organization is entitled to invoke the responsibility of another international organization in accordance with paragraph 4 if the obligation breached is owed to a group of States or international organizations, including the State or organization that invokes responsibility, and is established for the protection of a collective interest of the group.", "2. A State other than an injured State is entitled to invoke the responsibility of an international organization in accordance with paragraph 4 if the obligation breached is owed to the international community as a whole.", "3. An international organization other than an injured international organization is entitled to invoke the responsibility of another international organization in accordance with paragraph 4 if the obligation breached is owed to the international community as a whole and safeguarding the interest of the international community as a whole underlying the obligation breached is within the functions of the international organization invoking responsibility.", "4. A State or an international organization entitled to invoke responsibility under paragraphs 1 to 3 may claim from the responsible international organization:", "(a) Cessation of the internationally wrongful act, and assurances and guarantees of non-repetition in accordance with article 30; and", "(b) Performance of the obligation of reparation in accordance with Part Three, in the interest of the injured State or international organization or of the beneficiaries of the obligation breached.", "5. The requirements for the invocation of responsibility by an injured State or international organization under articles 44, 45, paragraph 2, and 46 apply to an invocation of responsibility by a State or international organization entitled to do so under paragraphs 1 to 4.", "Article 50 Scope of this Chapter", "This Chapter is without prejudice to the entitlement that a person or entity other than a State or an international organization may have to invoke the international responsibility of an international organization.", "Chapter II Countermeasures", "Article 51 Object and limits of countermeasures", "1. An injured State or an injured international organization may only take countermeasures against an international organization which is responsible for an internationally wrongful act in order to induce that organization to comply with its obligations under Part Three.", "2. Countermeasures are limited to the non-performance for the time being of international obligations of the State or international organization taking the measures towards the responsible international organization.", "3. Countermeasures shall, as far as possible, be taken in such a way as to permit the resumption of performance of the obligations in question.", "4. Countermeasures shall, as far as possible, be taken in such a way as to limit their effects on the exercise by the responsible international organization of its functions.", "Article 52 Conditions for taking countermeasures by members of an international organization", "1. Subject to paragraph 2, an injured State or international organization which is a member of a responsible international organization may not take countermeasures against that organization unless:", "(a) The conditions referred to in article 51 are met;", "(b) The countermeasures are not inconsistent with the rules of the organization; and", "(c) No appropriate means are available for otherwise inducing compliance with the obligations of the responsible international organization concerning cessation of the breach and reparation.", "2. Countermeasures may not be taken by an injured State or international organization which is a member of a responsible international organization against that organization in response to a breach of an international obligation under the rules of the organization unless such countermeasures are provided for by those rules.", "Article 53 Obligations not affected by countermeasures", "1. Countermeasures shall not affect:", "(a) The obligation to refrain from the threat or use of force as embodied in the Charter of the United Nations;", "(b) Obligations for the protection of human rights;", "(c) Obligations of a humanitarian character prohibiting reprisals;", "(d) Other obligations under peremptory norms of general international law.", "2. An injured State or international organization taking countermeasures is not relieved from fulfilling its obligations:", "(a) Under any dispute settlement procedure applicable between it and the responsible international organization;", "(b) To respect any inviolability of organs or agents of the responsible international organization and of the premises, archives and documents of that organization.", "Article 54 Proportionality of countermeasures", "Countermeasures must be commensurate with the injury suffered, taking into account the gravity of the internationally wrongful act and the rights in question.", "Article 55 Conditions relating to resort to countermeasures", "1. Before taking countermeasures, an injured State or international organization shall:", "(a) Call upon the responsible international organization, in accordance with article 44, to fulfil its obligations under Part Three;", "(b) Notify the responsible international organization of any decision to take countermeasures and offer to negotiate with that organization.", "2. Notwithstanding paragraph 1 (b), the injured State or international organization may take such urgent countermeasures as are necessary to preserve its rights.", "3. Countermeasures may not be taken and, if already taken, must be suspended without undue delay if:", "(a) The internationally wrongful act has ceased; and", "(b) The dispute is pending before a court or tribunal which has the authority to make decisions binding on the parties.", "4. Paragraph 3 does not apply if the responsible international organization fails to implement the dispute settlement procedures in good faith.", "Article 56 Termination of countermeasures", "Countermeasures shall be terminated as soon as the responsible international organization has complied with its obligations under Part Three in relation to the internationally wrongful act.", "Article 57 Measures taken by States or international organizations other than an injured State or organization", "This Chapter does not prejudice the right of any State or international organization, entitled under article 49, paragraphs 1 to 3, to invoke the responsibility of another international organization, to take lawful measures against that organization to ensure cessation of the breach and reparation in the interest of the injured State or organization or of the beneficiaries of the obligation breached.", "Part Five Responsibility of a State in connection with the conduct of an international organization", "Article 58 Aid or assistance by a State in the commission of an internationally wrongful act by an international organization", "1. A State which aids or assists an international organization in the commission of an internationally wrongful act by the latter is internationally responsible for doing so if:", "(a) The State does so with knowledge of the circumstances of the internationally wrongful act; and", "(b) The act would be internationally wrongful if committed by that State.", "2. An act by a State member of an international organization done in accordance with the rules of the organization does not as such engage the international responsibility of that State under the terms of article 58.", "Article 59 Direction and control exercised by a State over the commission of an internationally wrongful act by an international organization", "1. A State which directs and controls an international organization in the commission of an internationally wrongful act by the latter is internationally responsible for that act if:", "(a) The State does so with knowledge of the circumstances of the internationally wrongful act; and", "(b) The act would be internationally wrongful if committed by that State.", "2. An act by a State member of an international organization done in accordance with the rules of the organization does not as such engage the international responsibility of that State under the terms of article 59.", "Article 60 Coercion of an international organization by a State", "A State which coerces an international organization to commit an act is internationally responsible for that act if:", "(a) The act would, but for the coercion, be an internationally wrongful act of the coerced international organization; and", "(b) The coercing State does so with knowledge of the circumstances of the act.", "Article 61 Circumvention of international obligations of a State member of an international organization", "1. A State member of an international organization incurs international responsibility if, by taking advantage of the fact that the organization has competence in relation to the subject matter of one of the State’s international obligations, it circumvents that obligation by causing the organization to commit an act that, if committed by the State, would have constituted a breach of the obligation.", "2. Paragraph 1 applies whether or not the act in question is internationally wrongful for the international organization.", "Article 62 Responsibility of a State member of an international organization for an internationally wrongful act of that organization", "1. A State member of an international organization is responsible for an internationally wrongful act of that organization if:", "(a) It has accepted responsibility for that act towards the injured party; or", "(b) It has led the injured party to rely on its responsibility.", "2. Any international responsibility of a State under paragraph 1 is presumed to be subsidiary.", "Article 63 Effect of this Part", "This Part is without prejudice to the international responsibility of the international organization which commits the act in question, or of any State or other international organization.", "Part Six General provisions", "Article 64 Lex specialis", "These articles do not apply where and to the extent that the conditions for the existence of an internationally wrongful act or the content or implementation of the international responsibility of an international organization, or of a State in connection with the conduct of an international organization, are governed by special rules of international law. Such special rules of international law may be contained in the rules of the organization applicable to the relations between an international organization and its members.", "Article 65 Questions of international responsibility not regulated by these articles", "The applicable rules of international law continue to govern questions concerning the responsibility of an international organization or a State for an internationally wrongful act to the extent that they are not regulated by these articles.", "Article 66 Individual responsibility", "These articles are without prejudice to any question of the individual responsibility under international law of any person acting on behalf of an international organization or a State.", "Article 67 Charter of the United Nations", "These articles are without prejudice to the Charter of the United Nations.", "[1]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 10 (A/66/10).", "[2]  Ibid., para. 85.", "[3]  Ibid., Sixth Committee, 18th to 28th and 30th meetings (A/C.6/66/SR.18–28 and 30), and corrigendum." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Sixth Committee (A/66/473)]", "66/100. Responsibility of international organizations", "The General Assembly,", "Having considered chapter V of the report of the International Law Commission on the work of its sixty-third session, containing the draft articles on responsibility of international organizations,", "Noting the decision of the International Law Commission to recommend to the General Assembly that it take note of the draft articles on responsibility of international organizations in a resolution and annex them to the resolution, and that it consider, at a later stage, the elaboration of a convention on the basis of the draft articles,", "Emphasizing the continuing importance of the codification and progressive development of international law, as referred to in Article 13, paragraph 1 (a), of the Charter of the United Nations,", "Noting that the subject of responsibility of international organizations is important in the relations between States and international organizations,", "Taking note of the comments of Governments and the discussion on the subject in the Sixth Committee during the sixty-sixth session of the General Assembly, [3]", "Welcomes the completion of the work of the International Law Commission on the responsibility of international organizations and its adoption of the draft articles and detailed commentaries on the subject;1", "Expresses its appreciation to the International Law Commission for its continued contribution to the codification and progressive development of international law;", "Takes note of the articles on the responsibility of international organizations proposed by the International Law Commission, contained in the annex to the present resolution, and draws the attention of Governments and international organizations to them without prejudice to the question of their future adoption or other appropriate action;", "Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-ninth session the item entitled “Responsibility of international organizations”, in order to examine, inter alia, the possible form of the articles.", "9 December 2011", "82nd PLENARY MEETING", "I. Responsibility of international organizations", "Introduction", "Article 1 Scope of the present articles", "The present articles apply to the international responsibility of an international organization for an internationally wrongful act.", "The present articles also apply to the responsibility of States for internationally wrongful acts in connection with the conduct of an international organization.", "Article 2", "Use of terms", "For the purposes of the present articles:", "(a) “International organization” means an organization established by a treaty or other instrument governed by international law and possessing an independent international legal personality. Membership of international organizations may include, in addition to States, other entities;", "(b) “Rules of the organization” means, in particular, the constituent instruments of an international organization, decisions, resolutions and other documents adopted under the constituent instruments and established practice of the organization;", "(c) “An organ of an international organization” means a person or entity having that status in accordance with the rules of the organization;", "(d) “Actor of an international organization” means an official or other person or entity other than an organ of the organization who is ordered by the organization to perform or assist in the exercise of a function of the organization and thereby acts on behalf of the organization.", "Part II", "The internationally wrongful act of an international organization", "Chapter I", "General principles", "Article 3", "Responsibility of an international organization for its internationally wrongful acts", "Every internationally wrongful act of an international organization entails the international responsibility of that organization.", "Article 4", "Elements of an internationally wrongful act of an international organization", "An act or omission of an international organization is internationally wrongful if:", "(a) Is attributable to that organization under international law; and", "(b) Constitutes a breach of an international obligation of that organization.", "Article 5", "characterization of an act of an international organization as internationally wrongful", "The characterization of an act of an international organization as internationally wrongful is governed by international law.", "Chapter II", "Attribution of conduct to an international organization", "Article 6", "Conduct of organs or agents of an international organization", "The conduct of an organ or agent of an international organization in the performance of functions of that organ or agent shall be considered an act of that organization under international law, irrespective of the position of that organ or agent vis-à-vis the organization.", "The rules of the organization shall apply to the determination of the functions of its organs and agents.", "Article 7", "Conduct of organs of a State or of organs or agents of another international organization placed at the disposal of an international organization", "The conduct of organs of a State or of organs or agents of an international organization placed at the disposal of another international organization shall be considered an act of the latter organization under international law if and to the extent that the conduct is effectively controlled by the latter organization.", "Article 8", "Excess of authority or contravention of instructions", "The conduct of an organ or agent of an international organization shall be considered an act of that organization under international law if the organ or agent acts in an official capacity within the overall scope of the organization ' s functions, even if the conduct exceeds the authority of that organ or agent or contravenes instructions.", "Article 9", "Conduct acknowledged and adopted by an international organization as its own", "Conduct which is not attributable to an international organization under articles 6 to 8 shall be considered an act of that organization under international law if it is recognized and adopted as such by the organization.", "Chapter III", "Violation of an international obligation", "Article 10", "Existence of a breach of an international obligation", "1. There is a breach of an international obligation by an international organization when an act of that organization is not in conformity with what is required of it by that obligation, regardless of its origin or character.", "Paragraph 1 includes the breach by an international organization of its obligations to its members under the rules of the organization.", "Article 11", "International obligations in force for international organizations", "The conduct of an international organization does not constitute a breach of an international obligation unless the organization is bound by that obligation at the time the act occurs.", "Article 12", "Extension in time of the breach of an international obligation", "The breach of an international obligation by an act of an international organization not having a continuing character occurs at the moment when the act is performed, even if its effects continue.", "The breach of an international obligation by a continuing act of an international organization extends over the entire period during which the act continues and remains not in conformity with that obligation.", "If an international obligation requires an international organization to prevent a given event from occurring, the moment when that event occurs is the moment when the breach occurs and the entire period during which the event continues and remains not in conformity with that obligation is the period during which the breach extends.", "Article 13", "Breach consisting of a composite act", "The breach of an international obligation by an international organization through a series of acts and omissions defined as wrongful as such occurs at the moment when the act or omission occurs and the act or omission, together with the other acts or omissions, is sufficient to constitute the wrongful act.", "2. In such a case, the breach extends over the entire period commencing with the first of the actions or omissions in the series and occurring repeatedly and remains not in conformity with the international obligation.", "Chapter IV", "Responsibility of an international organization in connection with the act of a State or another international organization", "Article 14", "Aid or assistance in the commission of an internationally wrongful act", "An international organization which aids or assists a State or another international organization in the commission of an internationally wrongful act by the State or another international organization is internationally responsible for that act if:", "(a) That organization does so with knowledge of the circumstances of the internationally wrongful act; and", "(b) The act would be internationally wrongful if committed by that organization.", "Article 15", "Direction and control exercised over the commission of an internationally wrongful act", "An international organization which directs and controls a State or another international organization in the commission of an internationally wrongful act by the latter is internationally responsible for that act if:", "(a) That organization does so with knowledge of the circumstances of the wrongful act; and", "(b) The act would be internationally wrongful if committed by that organization.", "Article 16", "Coercion of a State or another international organization", "An international organization which coerces a State or another international organization to commit an act is internationally responsible for that act if:", "(a) The act would, but for the coercion, be an internationally wrongful act of the coerced State or international organization; and", "(b) The coerced international organization does so with knowledge of the circumstances of that act.", "Article 17", "Avoidance of international obligations by issuing decisions and authorizations to members", "1. International responsibility is incurred by an international organization if that organization circumvents an international obligation by adopting a binding decision whereby its member States or international organizations commit an act that would be internationally wrongful if committed by the organization itself.", "2. International responsibility arises for an international organization which authorizes its member States or international organizations to commit an act that would be internationally wrongful if committed by the organization itself and which, by virtue of that authorization, would have been committed.", "Paragraphs 1 and 2 apply whether or not the act in question is internationally wrongful for the member State or international organization to which the decision or authorization is directed.", "Article 18", "Responsibility of an international organization as a member of another international organization", "Without prejudice to articles 14 to 17, an international organization which is a member of another international organization may also incur international responsibility for the conduct of the former, under the same conditions as those applicable to States that are members of international organizations in articles 61 and 62.", "Article 19", "Effect of this chapter", "This chapter is without prejudice to the international responsibility of the State or international organization which commits the act in question, or of any other State or international organization.", "Chapter V", "Circumstances precluding wrongfulness", "Rule 20", "Agreed.", "Valid consent by a State or an international organization to the commission of a particular act by another international organization precludes the wrongfulness of that act with respect to that State or the former international organization to the extent that the act remains within the limits of that consent.", "Rule 21", "Self-defence", "The wrongfulness of an act of an international organization is precluded if the act constitutes a lawful measure of self-defence within the framework of international law.", "Rule 22", "Countermeasures", "Subject to paragraphs 2 and 3, the wrongfulness of an act of an international organization not in conformity with an international obligation towards a State or another international organization is precluded if the taking of such countermeasures meets the substantive and procedural conditions set forth in international law, including those set forth in chapter II of Part Four, concerning countermeasures against another international organization.", "Subject to paragraph 3, an international organization may not take countermeasures against a responsible State or international organization of which it is a member unless:", "(a) The conditions referred to in paragraph 1 are met;", "(b) Countermeasures are not inconsistent with the rules of the organization; and", "(c) There is no other appropriate means to induce the responsible State or international organization to comply with its obligations concerning cessation of the breach and reparation.", "3. An international organization may not take countermeasures against a member State or international organization that is in breach of an international obligation under its rules unless its rules provide for such countermeasures.", "Rule 23", "Force majeure", "The wrongfulness of an act of an international organization not in conformity with an international obligation of that organization is precluded if the act is attributable to force majeure, that is, to irresistible forces or unforeseen events beyond the control of the organization, making it materially impossible for the organization to perform the obligation in the circumstances.", "Paragraph 1 does not apply if:", "(a) The situation of force majeure is attributable, either alone or in combination with other factors, to the conduct of the organization invoking it; or", "(b) The organization has assumed the risk of such occurrence.", "Rule 24", "Distress", "The wrongfulness of an act of an international organization not in conformity with an international obligation of that organization is precluded if the author of the act in question has no other reasonable means, in a situation of distress, of saving the author's life or the lives of other persons entrusted to the author's care.", "Paragraph 1 does not apply if:", "(a) The situation of distress is due, either alone or in combination with other factors, to the conduct of the organization invoking it; or", "(b) The conduct in question is likely to lead to a comparable or greater risk.", "Rule 25", "Necessity", "Necessity may not be invoked by an international organization as a ground for precluding the wrongfulness of an act not in conformity with an international obligation unless the act:", "(a) is the only means by which the organization prevents an imminent and grave danger to an essential interest of its member States or of the international community as a whole for which the organization has the function of protecting that interest; and", "(b) Does not seriously impair an essential interest of one or more States, or of the international community as a whole, which is the subject of an international obligation of the organization.", "In no case may an international organization invoke necessity as a ground for precluding wrongfulness:", "(a) The international obligation in question excludes the possibility of invoking necessity; or", "(b) The organization contributed to the state of necessity.", "Rule 26", "Compliance with peremptory norms", "Nothing in this chapter precludes the wrongfulness of any act of an international organization not in conformity with an obligation arising under a peremptory norm of general international law.", "Rule 27", "Consequences of invoking a circumstance precluding wrongfulness", "The invocation of a circumstance precluding wrongfulness in accordance with this chapter is without prejudice to:", "(a) Compliance with the obligation in question when the circumstance precluding wrongfulness no longer exists;", "(b) The question of compensation for any material damage caused by the act in question.", "Part III", "Content of the international responsibility of an international organization", "Chapter I", "General principles", "Rule 28", "Legal consequences of an internationally wrongful act", "The international responsibility of an international organization for an internationally wrongful act in accordance with the provisions of Part Two entails legal consequences as set out in this Part.", "Rule 29", "Continued duty of performance", "The legal consequences of an internationally wrongful act under this Part do not affect the continued duty of the responsible international organization to perform the obligation breached.", "Rule 30", "Cessation and non-repetition", "The international organization responsible for the internationally wrongful act is under an obligation:", "(a) To cease the act while it continues;", "(b) To provide appropriate assurances and guarantees of non-repetition, if circumstances so require.", "Rule 31", "Compensation", "The responsible international organization is under an obligation to make full reparation for the injury caused by the internationally wrongful act.", "Damage includes any damage, whether material or moral, caused by the internationally wrongful act of an international organization.", "Rule 32", "Relevance of the rules of the organization", "The responsible international organization may not rely on its rules as justification for failure to comply with its obligations under this Part.", "Paragraph 1 is without prejudice to the applicability of the rules of an international organization to the relations between the organization and its member States and organizations.", "Rule 33", "Scope of international obligations set out in this Part", "1. The obligations of the responsible international organization set out in this Part may be owed to one or more States, to one or more other organizations or to the international community as a whole, depending in particular on the character and content of the international obligation and the circumstances of the breach.", "2. This Part is without prejudice to any right, arising from the international responsibility of an international organization, which accrues directly to any person or entity other than a State or an international organization.", "Chapter II", "Reparation for damage", "Rule 34", "Forms of reparation", "Full reparation for the injury caused by the internationally wrongful act shall take the form of restitution, compensation and satisfaction, either singly or in combination, in accordance with the provisions of this chapter.", "Rule 35", "Restitution", "The international organization responsible for an internationally wrongful act is under an obligation to make restitution, that is, to restore the situation that existed before the wrongful act was committed, to the extent referred to above:", "(a) It is not materially impossible;", "(b) Does not involve a burden out of all proportion to the benefit derived from restitution rather than compensation.", "Rule 36", "Compensation", "1. The international organization responsible for an internationally wrongful act is under an obligation to make reparation for the injury caused by that act if the injury is not made good by restitution.", "Such compensation shall cover any financially assessable damage, including loss of profits, which may be established.", "Rule 37", "Satisfaction", "1. The international organization responsible for an internationally wrongful act is under an obligation to make good the injury caused by that act if the injury is not made good by restitution or compensation.", "Satisfaction may consist in an acknowledgement of the breach, an expression of regret, a formal apology or other appropriate means.", "Satisfaction shall not be out of proportion to the injury and may not take a form humiliating to the responsible international organization.", "Rule 38", "Interest", "Interest on any principal sum due under this chapter shall be payable if necessary in order to ensure full reparation. For this purpose, interest rates and methods of calculation shall be set.", "Interest runs from the date when the principal sum should have been paid until the date the obligation to pay is fulfilled.", "Rule 39", "Contribution to damage", "In determining reparation, account shall be taken of the contribution to the injury by wilful or negligent action or omission of the injured State or international organization or of any person or entity associated with the claim.", "Rule 40", "Ensuring the fulfilment of the obligation of reparation", "1. The responsible international organization shall take all appropriate measures, in accordance with its rules, to ensure that its members provide the organization with the means for effectively fulfilling its obligations under this chapter.", "A member of a responsible international organization shall take all appropriate measures that may be required by the rules of the organization to enable the organization to fulfil its obligations under this chapter.", "Chapter III", "Serious breaches of obligations under peremptory norms of general international law", "Rule 41", "Application of this chapter", "This chapter applies to the international responsibility arising out of a serious breach by an international organization of an obligation arising under a peremptory norm of general international law.", "A breach of such an obligation constitutes a serious breach if it involves a gross or systematic failure by the responsible international organization to perform the obligation.", "Rule 42", "Specific consequences of a serious breach of an obligation under this chapter", "States and international organizations shall cooperate to bring to an end by lawful means any serious breach within the meaning of article 41.", "2. No State or international organization shall recognize as lawful a situation created by a serious breach within the meaning of article 41, nor render assistance or assistance in maintaining that situation.", "3. Article 42 is without prejudice to the other consequences referred to in this Part and to further consequences that a breach to which this Chapter applies may entail under international law.", "Part IV", "Implementation of the international responsibility of an international organization", "Chapter I", "Invocation of the responsibility of an international organization", "Rule 43", "Invocation of responsibility by an injured State or international organization", "A State or an international organization is entitled as an injured State or international organization to invoke the responsibility of another international organization if:", "(a) The obligation breached is owed individually to that State or to the international organization;", "(b) The obligation breached is owed to a group of States or international organizations, including that State or that international organization, or to the international community as a whole, and the breach of the obligation:", "(a) specially affects that State or that international organization; or", "(ii) By its very nature, in the context of the further performance of the obligation the status of all other States and international organizations to which the obligation is owed has significantly changed.", "Rule 44", "Notification of claim by an injured State or international organization", "An injured State or international organization which invokes the responsibility of another international organization shall give notice of its claim to that organization.", "The injured State or international organization may specify in particular:", "(a) If the wrongful act continues, the action to be taken by the responsible international organization to cease the wrongful act;", "(b) What form reparation should take under Part Three.", "Rule 45", "Admissibility of claims", "1. An injured State may not invoke the responsibility of an international organization if the claim is not brought under applicable rules relating to the nationality of the claim.", "2. Where the rule of exhaustion of local remedies applies to claims, an injured State or international organization may not invoke the responsibility of another international organization until all available effective remedies have been exhausted.", "Rule 46", "Loss of the right to invoke responsibility", "The responsibility of an international organization may not be invoked if:", "(a) The injured State or international organization has validly waived the claim;", "(b) The injured State or international organization shall be deemed, by reason of its conduct, to have validly acquiesced in the lapse of its claim.", "Rule 47", "Plurality of injured States or international organizations", "If several States or international organizations are injured by the same internationally wrongful act of an international organization, each injured State or international organization may separately invoke the responsibility of the international organization for the internationally wrongful act.", "Rule 48", "Responsibility of an international organization and one or more States or international organizations", "1. If an international organization and one or more States or other international organizations are responsible for the same internationally wrongful act, the responsibility of each State or organization may be invoked in relation to that act.", "Subsidiary responsibility may be invoked only if the primary responsibility is invoked without compensation.", "Paragraphs 1 and 2:", "(a) Does not permit any injured State or international organization to obtain more than the benefit of the injury suffered by way of compensation;", "(b) Is without prejudice to any right of recourse that the State or international organization providing reparation may have against the other responsible States or international organizations.", "Rule 49", "Invocation of responsibility by a State or an international organization other than an injured State or international organization", "1. A State or an international organization other than an injured State or international organization is entitled to invoke the responsibility of another international organization in accordance with paragraph 4 if the obligation breached is owed to a group of States or international organizations, including the State or organization that invokes responsibility, and is established for the protection of the collective interest of that group.", "A State other than an injured State is entitled to invoke the responsibility of an international organization in accordance with paragraph 4 if the obligation breached is owed to the international community as a whole.", "3. An international organization other than an injured international organization is entitled to invoke the responsibility of another international organization in accordance with paragraph 4 if the obligation breached is owed to the international community as a whole and the protection of the interests of the international community as a whole upon which the obligation is based falls within the competence of the international organization invoking responsibility.", "A State or an international organization entitled to invoke responsibility in accordance with paragraphs 1 to 3 may claim from the responsible international organization:", "(a) Cessation of the internationally wrongful act and assurances and guarantees of non-repetition, in accordance with article 30; and", "(b) Performance of the obligation to make reparation in accordance with Part Three to the injured State or international organization or to the beneficiaries of the obligation breached.", "The conditions for the invocation of responsibility by an injured State or international organization under articles 44, 45, paragraph 2, and 46 apply to the invocation of responsibility by a State or international organization entitled to do so under paragraphs 1 to 4.", "Rule 50", "Scope of this chapter", "This chapter is without prejudice to the right that a person or entity other than a State or an international organization may have to invoke the international responsibility of an international organization.", "Chapter II", "Countermeasures", "Rule 51", "Object and limits of countermeasures", "An injured State or international organization may only take countermeasures against an international organization which is responsible for an internationally wrongful act in order to induce that organization to comply with its obligations under Part Three.", "Countermeasures are limited to the non-performance by the State or international organization taking the measures of an international obligation towards the responsible international organization.", "Countermeasures shall, as far as possible, permit the resumption of performance of the obligation in question.", "Countermeasures shall as far as possible limit their effect on the functioning of the responsible international organization.", "Rule 52", "Conditions for taking countermeasures by members of an international organization", "Subject to paragraph 2, an injured member State or international organization may not take countermeasures against that organization unless:", "(a) The conditions referred to in article 51 are met;", "(b) Countermeasures are not inconsistent with the rules of the organization; and", "(c) There is no other appropriate means to induce the responsible international organization to comply with its obligations concerning cessation of the breach and reparation.", "2. An injured member State or international organization may not take countermeasures against that organization for breach of an international obligation under its rules, unless the rules of that organization provide for such countermeasures.", "Rule 53", "Obligations not affected by countermeasures", "Countermeasures shall not affect:", "(a) The obligation under the Charter of the United Nations not to threaten or use force;", "(b) Obligations to protect human rights;", "(c) Obligations of a humanitarian nature prohibiting reprisals;", "(d) Other obligations under peremptory norms of general international law.", "An injured State or international organization taking countermeasures is still required to perform the following obligations:", "(a) Obligations under any applicable dispute settlement procedure between it and the responsible international organization;", "(b) The obligation to respect the inviolability of organs or agents of the responsible international organization and of its premises, archives and documents.", "Rule 54", "Proportionality of countermeasures", "Countermeasures must be proportionate to the injury suffered, taking into account the gravity of the internationally wrongful act and the rights in question.", "Rule 55", "Conditions for taking countermeasures", "Before taking countermeasures, an injured State or international organization shall:", "(a) Requiring the responsible international organization, pursuant to article 44, to fulfil its obligations under Part Three;", "(b) Notify the responsible international organization of any decision to take countermeasures and offer to negotiate with that organization.", "Notwithstanding paragraph 1 (b), the injured State or international organization may take such urgent measures as may be necessary to preserve its rights.", "Countermeasures may not be taken and, if already taken, must be suspended without undue delay if:", "(a) The internationally wrongful act has ceased; and", "(b) The dispute is pending before a court or tribunal competent to make decisions binding on the parties.", "Paragraph 3 does not apply if the responsible international organization fails to implement the dispute settlement procedure in good faith.", "Rule 56", "Termination of countermeasures", "Countermeasures shall be terminated as soon as the responsible international organization has complied with its obligations under Part Three in relation to the internationally wrongful act.", "Rule 57", "Measures taken by a State or an international organization other than an injured State or organization", "This chapter is without prejudice to any State or another international organization entitled under article 49, paragraphs 1 to 3, to invoke the responsibility of an international organization to take lawful measures against that international organization to ensure cessation of the breach and reparation to the injured State or organization or to the beneficiaries of the obligation breached.", "Part V", "Responsibility of States for the conduct of international organizations", "Rule 58", "Aid or assistance by a State in the commission of an internationally wrongful act by an international organization", "1. A State which aids or assists an international organization in the commission of an internationally wrongful act by the latter is internationally responsible for that act if:", "(a) That State does so with knowledge of the circumstances of the internationally wrongful act; and", "(b) The act would be internationally wrongful if committed by that State.", "An act of a State member of an international organization performed in accordance with the rules of the organization does not in itself incur international responsibility for that State within the meaning of article 58.", "Rule 59", "Direction and control exercised by a State over the commission of an internationally wrongful act by an international organization", "1. A State which directs and controls an international organization in the commission of an internationally wrongful act by the latter is internationally responsible for that act if:", "(a) That State does so with knowledge of the circumstances of the internationally wrongful act; and", "(b) The act would be internationally wrongful if committed by that State.", "The conduct of a State member of an international organization in accordance with the rules of that organization does not in itself entail international responsibility for that State within the meaning of article 59.", "Rule 60", "Coercion of an international organization by a State", "A State which coerces an international organization to commit an act is internationally responsible for that act if:", "(a) The act would, but for the coercion, be an internationally wrongful act of the coerced international organization; and", "(b) The coercing State does so with knowledge of the circumstances of the act.", "Rule 61", "Circumvention of an international obligation by a State member of an international organization", "1. International responsibility arises for a State that is a member of an international organization if it uses the competence of the organization in respect of a matter of its international obligation to commit an act that would have constituted a breach of that obligation if committed by that State.", "Paragraph 1 applies whether or not the act in question is internationally wrongful for the international organization.", "Rule 62", "Responsibility of a State member of an international organization for the internationally wrongful act of that organization", "A State member of an international organization is responsible for the internationally wrongful act of that organization if:", "(a) The member State has accepted responsibility for the injured party arising out of the act; or", "(b) The member State has led the injured party to assume responsibility.", "2. The international responsibility of a State referred to in paragraph 1 is presumed to be subsidiary.", "Rule 63", "Effect of this Part", "This Part is without prejudice to the international responsibility of the international organization which commits the act in question or of any State or other international organization.", "Part VI", "General provisions", "Rule 64", "Lex specialis", "These articles do not apply to the extent that the conditions for the existence of an internationally wrongful act or the content or implementation of the international responsibility of an international organization or a State in connection with the act of an international organization are governed by special rules of international law. Such special rules of international law may be contained in the rules of the organization applicable to the relations between an international organization and its members.", "Rule 65", "Questions of international responsibility not covered by the present articles", "The applicable rules of international law continue to govern questions concerning the responsibility of international organizations or States for internationally wrongful acts that are not provided for in the present articles.", "Rule 66", "Individual responsibility", "The present articles are without prejudice to the question of the individual responsibility under international law of any person acting on behalf of an international organization or a State.", "Rule 67", "Charter of the United Nations", "These articles are without prejudice to the Charter of the United Nations.", "[1] Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 10 (A/66/10).", "[2] Ibid., para.", "[3] Ibid., Sixth Committee, 18th to 28th and 30th meetings (A/C.6/66/SR.18-28 and 30) and corrigendum." ]

[ "2011年12月9日大会决议", "[根据第六委员会的报告(A/66/474)通过]", "66/101. 联合国宪章和加强联合国作用特别委员会的报告", "大会，", "回顾其关于设立联合国宪章和加强联合国作用特别委员会的1975年12月15日第3499(XXX)号决议及其后各届会议通过的相关决议，", "又回顾其关于振兴大会工作的1993年8月17日第47/233号决议，", "还回顾其关于安全理事会席位公平分配和成员数目增加问题的1992年12月11日第47/62号决议，", "注意到安全理事会席位公平分配和成员数目增加问题及与安全理事会有关的其他事项不限成员名额工作组的报告，[1]", "回顾其1993年9月20日第47/120B号决议所载与特别委员会工作相关的内容，", "又回顾其关于加强联合国系统的1997年7月31日第51/241号决议和题为“《和平纲领》补编”的1997年9月15日第51/242号决议，其中大会通过该决议附件中关于协调和关于联合国实施制裁问题的文本，", "关切某些国家因执行安全理事会对他国采取预防或执行措施而面临特殊经济问题，并考虑到联合国会员国根据《联合国宪章》第四十九条有义务在执行安理会所决定的措施方面通力合作，彼此协助，", "回顾《宪章》第五十条规定，遇此种性质特殊经济问题的第三国有权与安全理事会协商解决这些问题，", "又回顾国际法院是联合国的主要司法机关，并重申其权威性和独立性，", "意识到关于特别委员会工作方法的订正工作文件已获通过，[2]", "注意到秘书长题为“《联合国机关惯例汇编》和《安全理事会惯例汇辑》”的报告，[3]", "又注意到《2005年世界首脑会议成果》[4] 第106至110、176和177段，", "意识到特别委员会作出决定，表示随时准备酌情参与执行2005年9月大会第六十届会议高级别全体会议可能作出的有关《宪章》及其任何修正案的任何决 定，[5]", "回顾其1995年12月11日第50/51号、1996年12月17日第51/208号、1997年12月15日第52/162号、1998年12月8日第53/107号、1999年12月9日第54/107号、2000年12月12日第55/157号、2001年12月12日第56/87号、2002年11月19日第57/25号、2003年12月9日第58/80号和2004年12月2日第59/45号决议的规定，", "又回顾其2009年12月16日第64/115号决议及所附的题为“采取及执行联合国制裁”的文件，", "审议了特别委员会2011年会议工作报告，[6]", "赞赏地注意到特别委员会开展工作，鼓励各国重视必须防止并和平解决可能危及维持国际和平与安全的争端，", "1. 注意到联合国宪章和加强联合国作用特别委员会的报告；⁶", "2. 决定特别委员会于2012年2月21日至28日和3月1日举行下一届会议；", "3. 请特别委员会在其2012年会议上，依照大会1995年12月11日第50/52号决议第5段的规定：", "(a) 继续审议关于维持国际和平与安全的各个方面的所有提议，以加强联合国的作用，并在这方面审议已经提交或可能提交特别委员会2012年会议的其他有关维持国际和平与安全的提议；", "(b) 根据秘书长的所有有关报告[7] 和就此问题提出的提议，继续优先以适当的实质性方式在适当框架内审议《联合国宪章》有关援助因实施《宪章》第七章的制裁而受影响的第三国的规定的执行问题；", "(c) 将和平解决国家间争端问题保留在其议程上；", "(d) 酌情审议大会为执行2005年9月大会第六十届会议高级别全体会议有关《宪章》及其修正案的决定而转交特别委员会的任何提议；", "(e) 继续优先审议旨在改进其工作方法和提高其效率的方式和办法，以期确定可得到广泛接受的措施供将来执行；", "4. 邀请特别委员会在其2012年会议上继续确定在其今后工作中审议的新议题，以期对振兴联合国的工作做出贡献；", "5. 注意到特别委员会愿意在其职权范围内，应大会其他附属机构请求，就它们审议中的任何事项提供协助；", "6. 请特别委员会向大会第六十七届会议提交其工作报告；", "7. 认识到国际法院作为联合国主要司法机关在裁判国家间争端方面的重要作用及其工作的价值，以及在和平解决争端方面求助国际法院的重要性，注意到根据《宪章》第九十六条，大会、安全理事会或联合国其他经授权的机关和专门机构可请求国际法院行使咨询管辖权，并请秘书长将联合国主要机关请求发表的咨询意见作为联合国正式文件适时分发；", "8. 赞扬秘书长在《联合国机关惯例汇编》研究报告的编写工作方面取得的进展，包括为此目的增加利用联合国实习人员方案以及进一步扩大与学术机构的合作，并赞扬在增订《安全理事会惯例汇辑》方面取得的进展；", "9. 赞赏地注意到会员国向用于增订《安全理事会惯例汇辑》的信托基金和用于消除《联合国机关惯例汇编》积压现象的信托基金提供的捐助；", "10. 再次呼吁向用于增订《安全理事会惯例汇辑》的信托基金作出自愿捐助，并向用于消除《联合国机关惯例汇编》积压现象的信托基金作出自愿捐助，以进一步支持秘书处切实消除积压现象，并在不增加联合国费用的情况下，自愿赞助协理专家，协助增订这两个出版物；", "11. 吁请秘书长继续努力增订这两个出版物，并以电子方式提供其所有语文文本，同时继续特别处理《联合国机关惯例汇编》第三卷编写工作积压的问题；", "12. 重申秘书长有责任保证《联合国机关惯例汇编》和《安全理事会惯例汇辑》的质量，在《安全理事会惯例汇辑》方面，吁请秘书长继续采用1952年9月18日秘书长报告[8] 第102至106段所述的方式；", "13. 请秘书长向大会第六十七届会议提交一份关于《联合国机关惯例汇编》和《安全理事会惯例汇辑》的报告；", "14. 又请秘书长向特别委员会下届会议介绍其关于《宪章》有关援助因实施制裁而受影响的第三国的规定的执行情况的报告[9] 第11段所提及的资料；", "15. 还请秘书长在题为“联合国宪章和加强联合国作用特别委员会的报告”的议程项目下，就《宪章》有关援助因实施制裁而受影响的第三国的规定的执行情况向大会第六十七届会议提出报告；", "16. 决定将题为“联合国宪章和加强联合国作用特别委员会的报告”的项目列入大会第六十七届会议临时议程。", "2011年12月9日", "第82次全体会议", "[1] ¹ 《大会正式记录，第六十三届会议，补编第47号》(A/63/47)。", "[2] ² 同上，《第六十一届会议，补编第33号》(A/61/33)，第72段。", "[3] ³ A/66/201。", "[4] ⁴ 见第60/1号决议。", "[5] ⁵ 《大会正式记录，第六十届会议，补编第33号》(A/60/33)，第77段。", "[6] ⁶ 同上，《第六十六届会议，补编第33号》(A/66/33)。", "[7] ⁷ A/48/573-S/26705、A/49/356、A/50/60-S/1995/1、A/50/361、A/50/423、A/51/317、A/52/308、A/53/312、A/54/383和Add.1、A/55/295和Add.1、A/56/303、A/57/165和Add.1、A/58/346、A/59/334、A/60/320、A/61/304、A/62/206和Corr.1、A/63/224、A/64/225、A/65/217和A/66/213。", "[8] ⁸ A/2170。", "[9] ⁹ A/66/213。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Sixth Committee (A/66/474)]", "66/101. Report of the Special Committee on the Charter of the United Nations and on the Strengthening of the Role of the Organization", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 3499 (XXX) of 15 December 1975, by which it established the Special Committee on the Charter of the United Nations and on the Strengthening of the Role of the Organization, and its relevant resolutions adopted at subsequent sessions,", "Recalling also its resolution 47/233 of 17 August 1993 on the revitalization of the work of the General Assembly,", "Recalling further its resolution 47/62 of 11 December 1992 on the question of equitable representation on and increase in the membership of the Security Council,", "Taking note of the report of the Open-ended Working Group on the Question of Equitable Representation on and Increase in the Membership of the Security Council and Other Matters related to the Security Council,[1]", "Recalling the elements relevant to the work of the Special Committee contained in its resolution 47/120 B of 20 September 1993,", "Recalling also its resolution 51/241 of 31 July 1997 on the strengthening of the United Nations system and its resolution 51/242 of 15 September 1997, entitled “Supplement to an Agenda for Peace”, by which it adopted the texts on coordination and the question of sanctions imposed by the United Nations, which are annexed to that resolution,", "Concerned about the special economic problems confronting certain States arising from the carrying out of preventive or enforcement measures taken by the Security Council against other States, and taking into account the obligation of Members of the United Nations under Article 49 of the Charter of the United Nations to join in affording mutual assistance in carrying out the measures decided upon by the Council,", "Recalling the right of third States confronted with special economic problems of that nature to consult the Security Council with regard to a solution of those problems, in accordance with Article 50 of the Charter,", "Recalling also that the International Court of Justice is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, and reaffirming its authority and independence,", "Mindful of the adoption of the revised working papers on the working methods of the Special Committee,[2]", "Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General entitled “Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs and Repertoire of the Practice of the Security Council”,[3]", "Taking note also of paragraphs 106 to 110, 176 and 177 of the 2005 World Summit Outcome,[4]", "Mindful of the decision of the Special Committee in which it expressed its readiness to engage, as appropriate, in the implementation of any decisions that might be taken at the high-level plenary meeting of the sixtieth session of the General Assembly in September 2005 that concerned the Charter and any amendments thereto,[5]", "Recalling the provisions of its resolutions 50/51 of 11 December 1995, 51/208 of 17 December 1996, 52/162 of 15 December 1997, 53/107 of 8 December 1998, 54/107 of 9 December 1999, 55/157 of 12 December 2000, 56/87 of 12 December 2001, 57/25 of 19 November 2002, 58/80 of 9 December 2003 and 59/45 of 2 December 2004,", "Recalling also its resolution 64/115 of 16 December 2009 and the document entitled “Introduction and implementation of sanctions imposed by the United Nations” annexed thereto,", "Having considered the report of the Special Committee on the work of its session held in 2011,[6]", "Noting with appreciation the work done by the Special Committee to encourage States to focus on the need to prevent and to settle peacefully their disputes which are likely to endanger the maintenance of international peace and security,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Special Committee on the Charter of the United Nations and on the Strengthening of the Role of the Organization;⁶", "2. Decides that the Special Committee shall hold its next session from 21 to 28 February and on 1 March 2012;", "3. Requests the Special Committee, at its session in 2012, in accordance with paragraph 5 of General Assembly resolution 50/52 of 11 December 1995:", "(a) To continue its consideration of all proposals concerning the question of the maintenance of international peace and security in all its aspects in order to strengthen the role of the United Nations and, in this context, to consider other proposals relating to the maintenance of international peace and security already submitted or which may be submitted to the Special Committee at its session in 2012;", "(b) To continue to consider, on a priority basis and in an appropriate substantive manner and framework, the question of the implementation of the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations related to assistance to third States affected by the application of sanctions under Chapter VII of the Charter based on all of the related reports of the Secretary-General[7] and the proposals submitted on the question;", "(c) To keep on its agenda the question of the peaceful settlement of disputes between States;", "(d) To consider, as appropriate, any proposal referred to it by the General Assembly in the implementation of the decisions of the high-level plenary meeting of the sixtieth session of the Assembly in September 2005 that concern the Charter and any amendments thereto;", "(e) To continue to consider, on a priority basis, ways and means of improving its working methods and enhancing its efficiency with a view to identifying widely acceptable measures for future implementation;", "4. Invites the Special Committee, at its session in 2012, to continue to identify new subjects for consideration in its future work with a view to contributing to the revitalization of the work of the United Nations;", "5. Notes the readiness of the Special Committee to provide, within its mandate, such assistance as may be sought at the request of other subsidiary bodies of the General Assembly in relation to any issues before them;", "6. Requests the Special Committee to submit a report on its work to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "7. Recognizes the important role of the International Court of Justice, the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, in adjudicating disputes among States and the value of its work, as well as the importance of having recourse to the Court in the peaceful settlement of disputes, takes note, consistent with Article 96 of the Charter, of the Court’s advisory jurisdiction that may be requested by the General Assembly, the Security Council or other authorized organs of the United Nations and the specialized agencies, and requests the Secretary-General to distribute, in due course, the advisory opinions requested by the principal organs of the United Nations as official documents of the United Nations;", "8. Commends the Secretary-General for the progress made in the preparation of studies of the Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs, including the increased use of the internship programme of the United Nations and further expanded cooperation with academic institutions for this purpose, as well as the progress made towards updating the Repertoire of the Practice of the Security Council;", "9. Notes with appreciation the contributions made by Member States to the trust fund for the updating of the Repertoire, as well as the trust fund for the elimination of the backlog in the Repertory;", "10. Reiterates its call for voluntary contributions to the trust fund for the updating of the Repertoire, voluntary contributions to the trust fund for the elimination of the backlog in the Repertory so as to further support the Secretariat in carrying out the effective elimination of that backlog, as well as the sponsoring, on a voluntary basis, and with no cost to the United Nations, of associate experts to assist in the updating of the two publications;", "11. Calls upon the Secretary-General to continue his efforts towards updating the two publications and making them available electronically in all their respective language versions and to continue to address, in particular, the backlog in the preparation of volume III of the Repertory;", "12. Reiterates the responsibility of the Secretary-General for the quality of the Repertory and the Repertoire, and, with regard to the Repertoire, calls upon the Secretary-General to continue to follow the modalities outlined in paragraphs 102 to 106 of the report of the Secretary-General of 18 September 1952;[8]", "13. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly, at its sixty-seventh session, a report on both the Repertory and the Repertoire;", "14. Also requests the Secretary-General to brief the Special Committee at its next session on the information referred to in paragraph 11 of his report on the implementation of the provisions of the Charter related to assistance to third States affected by the application of sanctions;[9]", "15. Further requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly, at its sixty-seventh session, under the item entitled “Report of the Special Committee on the Charter of the United Nations and on the Strengthening of the Role of the Organization”, a report on the implementation of the provisions of the Charter related to assistance to third States affected by the application of sanctions;", "16. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the item entitled “Report of the Special Committee on the Charter of the United Nations and on the Strengthening of the Role of the Organization”.", "82nd plenary meeting 9 December 2011", "[1]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-third Session, Supplement No. 47 (A/63/47).", "[2]  Ibid., Sixty-first Session, Supplement No. 33 (A/61/33), para. 72.", "[3]  A/66/201.", "[4]  See resolution 60/1.", "[5]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixtieth Session, Supplement No. 33 (A/60/33), para. 77.", "[6]  Ibid., Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 33 (A/66/33).", "[7]  A/48/573‑S/26705, A/49/356, A/50/60‑S/1995/1, A/50/361, A/50/423, A/51/317, A/52/308, A/53/312, A/54/383 and Add.1, A/55/295 and Add.1, A/56/303, A/57/165 and Add.1, A/58/346, A/59/334, A/60/320, A/61/304, A/62/206 and Corr.1, A/63/224, A/64/225, A/65/217 and A/66/213.", "[8]  A/2170.", "[9]  A/66/213." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Sixth Committee (A/66/474)]", "66/101. Report of the Special Committee on the Charter of the United Nations and on the Strengthening of the Role of the Organization", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 3499 (XXX) of 15 December 1975, by which it established the Special Committee on the Charter of the United Nations and on the Strengthening of the Role of the Organization, and its relevant resolutions adopted at subsequent sessions,", "Recalling also its resolution 47/233 of 17 August 1993 on the revitalization of the work of the General Assembly,", "Recalling further its resolution 47/62 of 11 December 1992 on the question of equitable representation on and increase in the membership of the Security Council,", "Taking note of the report of the Open-ended Working Group on the Question of Equitable Representation on and Increase in the Membership of the Security Council and Other Matters related to the Security Council, [1]", "Recalling the elements relevant to the work of the Special Committee contained in its resolution 47/120 B of 20 September 1993,", "Recalling also its resolution 51/241 of 31 July 1997 on the strengthening of the United Nations system and its resolution 51/242 of 15 September 1997, entitled “Supplement to an Agenda for Peace”, by which it adopted the texts on coordination and the question of sanctions imposed by the United Nations, which are annexed to that resolution,", "Concerned about the special economic problems confronting certain States arising from the carrying out of preventive or enforcement measures taken by the Security Council against other States, and taking into account the obligation of Members of the United Nations under Article 49 of the Charter of the United Nations to join in affording mutual assistance in carrying out the measures decided upon by the Council,", "Recalling the right of third States confronted with special economic problems of that nature to consult the Security Council with regard to a solution of those problems, in accordance with Article 50 of the Charter,", "Recalling also that the International Court of Justice is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, and reaffirming its authority and independence,", "Aware of the adoption of the revised working papers on the working methods of the Special Committee, [2]", "Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General entitled “Re Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs and Repertoire of the Practice of the Security Council”, [3]", "Taking note also of paragraphs 106 to 110, 176 and 177 of the 2005 World Summit Outcome,", "Conscious of the decision of the Special Committee to express its readiness to engage, as appropriate, in the implementation of any decisions that may be taken at the High-level Plenary Meeting of the sixtieth session of the General Assembly in September 2005 that concern the Charter and any amendments thereto,", "Recalling the provisions of its resolutions 50/51 of 11 December 1995, 51/208 of 17 December 1996, 52/162 of 15 December 1997, 53/107 of 8 December 1998, 54/107 of 9 December 1999, 55/157 of 12 December 2000, 56/87 of 12 December 2001, 57/25 of 19 November 2002, 58/80 of 9 December 2003 and 59/45 of 2 December 2004,", "Recalling also its resolution 64/115 of 16 December 2009 and the document entitled “Introduction and implementation of sanctions imposed by the United Nations”, annexed thereto,", "Having considered the report of the Special Committee on the work of its session held in 2011, [6]", "Noting with appreciation the work done by the Special Committee to encourage States to focus on the need to prevent and to settle peacefully their disputes which are likely to endanger the maintenance of international peace and security,", "Takes note of the report of the Special Committee on the Charter of the United Nations and on the Strengthening of the Role of the Organization;6", "2. Decides that the Special Committee shall hold its next session from 21 to 28 February and on 1 March 2012;", "3. Requests the Special Committee, at its session in 2012, in accordance with paragraph 5 of General Assembly resolution 50/52 of 11 December 1995:", "(a) To continue its consideration of all proposals concerning the maintenance of international peace and security in all its aspects in order to strengthen the role of the United Nations and, in this context, to consider other proposals relating to the maintenance of international peace and security already submitted or which may be submitted to the Special Committee at its session in 2012;", "(b) To continue to consider, on a priority basis and within an appropriate substantive framework, the question of the implementation of the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations related to assistance to third States affected by the application of sanctions under Chapter VII of the Charter based on all of the related reports of the Secretary-General and the proposals submitted on the question;", "(c) To keep on its agenda the question of the peaceful settlement of disputes between States;", "(d) To consider, as appropriate, any proposal referred to it by the General Assembly in the implementation of the decisions of the High-level Plenary Meeting of the sixtieth session of the Assembly in September 2005 that concern the Charter and amendments thereto;", "(e) To continue to consider, on a priority basis, ways and means of improving its working methods and enhancing its efficiency with a view to identifying widely acceptable measures for future implementation;", "4. Invites the Special Committee at its session in 2012 to continue to identify new subjects for consideration in its future work with a view to contributing to the revitalization of the work of the United Nations;", "5. Notes the readiness of the Special Committee to provide, within its mandate, such assistance as may be sought at the request of other subsidiary bodies of the General Assembly in relation to any matter before them;", "6. Requests the Special Committee to submit a report on its work to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "7. Recognizes the important role of the International Court of Justice, the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, in adjudicating disputes among States and the value of its work, as well as the importance of having recourse to the Court in the peaceful settlement of disputes, notes that, in accordance with Article 96 of the Charter, the Court ' s advisory jurisdiction may be requested by the General Assembly, the Security Council or other authorized organs of the United Nations and the specialized agencies, and requests the Secretary-General to circulate, in due course, the advisory opinions requested by the principal organs of the United Nations as official documents of the United Nations;", "Commends the Secretary-General for the progress made in the preparation of studies of the Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs, including the increased use of the internship programme of the United Nations and further expanded cooperation with academic institutions for this purpose, as well as the progress made towards updating the Repertoire of the Practice of the Security Council;", "9. Notes with appreciation the contributions made by Member States to the trust funds for the updating of the Repertoire and for the elimination of the backlog in the Repertory;", "10. Reiterates its call for voluntary contributions to the trust fund for the updating of the Repertoire of the Practice of the Security Council and to the trust fund for the elimination of the backlog in the Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs, in order to further support the Secretariat in effectively eliminating the backlog, and for the sponsoring, on a voluntary basis and at no cost to the United Nations, of associate experts to assist in the updating of the two publications;", "11. Calls upon the Secretary-General to continue his efforts towards updating the two publications and making them available electronically in all their language versions, while continuing to address, in particular, the backlog in the preparation of volume III of the Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs;", "12. Reaffirms the responsibility of the Secretary-General for the quality of the Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs and the Repertoire of the Practice of the Security Council, and, with regard to the Repertoire, calls upon the Secretary-General to continue to follow the modalities described in paragraphs 102 to 106 of his report of 18 September 1952;", "13. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session a report on both the Repertory and the Repertoire;", "14. Also requests the Secretary-General to brief the Special Committee at its next session on the information referred to in paragraph 11 of his report on the implementation of the provisions of the Charter related to assistance to third States affected by the application of sanctions;", "Further requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the implementation of the provisions of the Charter related to assistance to third States affected by the application of sanctions, under the agenda item entitled “Report of the Special Committee on the Charter of the United Nations and on the Strengthening of the Role of the Organization”;", "Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the item entitled “Report of the Special Committee on the Charter of the United Nations and on the Strengthening of the Role of the Organization”.", "9 December 2011", "82nd PLENARY MEETING", "[1] 1 Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-third Session, Supplement No. 47 (A/63/47).", "[2] 2 Ibid., Sixty-first Session, Supplement No. 33 (A/61/33), para. 72.", "[3] 3 A/66/201.", "[4] 4 See resolution 60/1.", "[5] 5 Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixtieth Session, Supplement No. 33 (A/60/33), para. 77.", "[6] 6 Ibid., Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 33 (A/66/33).", "[7] 7 A/48/573-S/26705, A/49/356, A/50/60-S/1995/1, A/50/361, A/50/423, A/51/317, A/52/308, A/53/312, A/54/383 and Add.1, A/55/295 and Add.1, A/56/303, A/57/165 and Add.1, A/58/346, A/59/334, A/60/320, A/61/304, A/62/206 and Corr.1, A/63/224, A/64/225, A/65/217 and A/66/213.", "[8] 8 A/2170.", "[9] 9 A/66/213." ]

[ "2011年12月9日大会决议", "[根据第六委员会的报告(A/66/475)通过]", "66/102. 国内和国际的法治", "大会，", "回顾其2010年12月6日第65/32号决议，", "重申决意维护《联合国宪章》的宗旨和原则以及国际法，它们都是一个更和平、更繁荣、更公正的世界所不可或缺的基础，重申决心促使这些宗旨和原则及国际法获得严格遵守并在全世界实现公正持久的和平，", "重申人权、法治和民主相互关联、相互加强，是普遍、不可分割的联合国核心价值和原则的一部分，", "又重申必须在国内和国际上普遍遵守和实行法治，并重申庄严承诺维护以法治和国际法为基础的国际秩序，这样的国际秩序，连同公正原则，对于国家间和平共处及合作至为重要，", "深信推进国内和国际的法治，对实现持续经济增长、可持续发展、消除贫困与饥饿以及保护所有人权和基本自由至为重要，并承认集体安全取决于依照《宪章》和国际法的规定有效合作对付跨国威胁，", "重申各国依照《宪章》第六章有义务在其国际关系中不以任何不符合联合国宗旨和原则的方式进行武力威胁或使用武力，以和平方法解决其国际争端，避免危及国际和平与安全和正义，并吁请尚未接受国际法院管辖权的国家考虑依照法院《规约》规定接受法院管辖权，", "深信联合国及其会员国应以在国内和国际上促进和尊重法治以及正义和善政作为其活动的指导方针，", "回顾《2005年世界首脑会议成果》[1] 第134(e)段，", "1. 注意到秘书长关于加强和协调联合国法治活动的年度报告；[2]", "2. 重申大会提倡国际法之逐渐发展与编纂的作用，并进一步重申各国应遵守国际法规定的所有义务；", "3. 又重申必须根据《宪章》原则在国际上坚持和促进法治；", "4. 欣见法治协调和资源小组和法治股与会员国就“促进国际法治”专题开展对话，并要求继续开展这一对话，以增强国际法治；", "5. 强调必须坚持国内法治，需要在加强联合国系统内和各捐助方之间的协调和一致性的基础上，应会员国的请求，通过加强技术援助和能力建设，更多地支持会员国在其国内履行各自的国际义务，并再次要求更多地评价此类活动的效力，包括提高这些能力建设活动效力的可能的措施；", "6. 在这方面要求所有利益攸关方加强对话，将国家视角置于法治援助的中心，以加强国家掌管权；", "7. 吁请联合国系统认识到法治对联合国参与的几乎所有领域的工作都十分重要，酌情在相关活动中系统地处理法治各方面的问题，包括妇女参与法治相关活动事宜；", "8． 表示完全支持法治协调和资源小组在现有任务范围内，在常务副秘书长领导下，在秘书长办公厅法治股的支持下，在联合国系统内发挥全盘协调和统一的作用；", "9. 请秘书长按照大会2008年12月11日第63/128号决议第5段的规定，及时提交下一份关于联合国法治活动的年度报告；", "10. 确认必须恢复对法治的信任，作为过渡司法的一个关键要素；", "11. 鼓励秘书长和联合国系统高度优先重视法治活动；", "12. 请国际法院、联合国国际贸易法委员会和国际法委员会继续在各自提交大会的报告中对其目前促进法治的作用发表评论；", "13. 请法治协调和资源小组和法治股继续定期与会员国互动，特别是举行非正式通报会；", "14. 强调需要向法治股提供必要资金和人员，使其能有效、可持续地执行任务，并敦促秘书长和会员国继续支持该股的运作；", "15. 回顾其关于在大会第六十七届会议高级别部分期间召开“国内和国际的法治”专题大会高级别会议的决定，并决定高级别会议的组织安排如下：", "(a) 高级别会议为全体会议，为期一天，将于2012年9月24日星期一举行；", "(b) 大会主席、秘书长、国际法院院长、安全理事会主席、联合国人权事务高级专员、联合国开发计划署署长、联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室执行主任、国际法委员会主席、会员国和观察员以及活跃于法治领域的非政府组织的人数有限的代表[3] 将应邀在全体会议发言；", "(c) 大会主席应草拟一份将参加高级别会议的具有经济及社会理事会咨商地位的非政府组织代表名单；", "(d) 大会主席应草拟一份民间社会组织代表名单，这些组织包括活跃于法治领域的非政府组织，同时考虑到公平地域代表性原则，按无异议程序，将参加高级别会议的名单提交会员国审议；", "16. 决定高级别会议将产生一份简要成果文件，请大会主席与会员国协商拟订文件草稿，并在适当时候举行包容各方的非正式协商，以便会员国能在会前充分予以审议且达成一致；", "17. 请大会主席与会员国协商，考虑到高级别会议的长度、与会情况、公平地域代表性及确保发言名单上的所有人都有机会发言的必要性，最后确定会议的组织安排，包括全体会议发言名单；", "18. 请秘书长为筹备高级别会议，至迟于2012年3月提交报告，供会员国审议；", "19. 决定将题为“国内和国际的法治”的项目列入大会第六十七届会议临时议程；", "20. 请会员国和秘书长为今后第六委员会的辩论提议可能的分专题，将其列入下一份年度报告，以协助第六委员会选择今后的分专题。", "2011年12月9日", "第82次全体会议", "[1] ¹ 见第60/1号决议。", "[2] ² A/66/133。", "[3] ³ 根据以往惯例，按无异议程序发言。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Sixth Committee (A/66/475)]", "66/102. The rule of law at the national and international levels", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 65/32 of 6 December 2010,", "Reaffirming its commitment to the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and international law, which are indispensable foundations of a more peaceful, prosperous and just world, and reiterating its determination to foster strict respect for them and to establish a just and lasting peace all over the world,", "Reaffirming that human rights, the rule of law and democracy are interlinked and mutually reinforcing and that they belong to the universal and indivisible core values and principles of the United Nations,", "Reaffirming also the need for universal adherence to and implementation of the rule of law at both the national and international levels and its solemn commitment to an international order based on the rule of law and international law, which, together with the principles of justice, is essential for peaceful coexistence and cooperation among States,", "Convinced that the advancement of the rule of law at the national and international levels is essential for the realization of sustained economic growth, sustainable development, the eradication of poverty and hunger and the protection of all human rights and fundamental freedoms, and acknowledging that collective security depends on effective cooperation, in accordance with the Charter and international law, against transnational threats,", "Reaffirming the duty of all States to refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force in any manner inconsistent with the purposes and principles of the United Nations and to settle their international disputes by peaceful means in such a manner that international peace and security, and justice, are not endangered, in accordance with Chapter VI of the Charter, and calling upon States that have not yet done so to consider accepting the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice in accordance with its Statute,", "Convinced that the promotion of and respect for the rule of law at the national and international levels, as well as justice and good governance, should guide the activities of the United Nations and of its Member States,", "Recalling paragraph 134 (e) of the 2005 World Summit Outcome,[1]", "1. Takes note of the annual report of the Secretary-General on strengthening and coordinating United Nations rule of law activities;[2]", "2. Reaffirms the role of the General Assembly in encouraging the progressive development of international law and its codification, and reaffirms further that States shall abide by all their obligations under international law;", "3. Reaffirms also the imperative of upholding and promoting the rule of law at the international level in accordance with the principles of the Charter;", "4. Welcomes the dialogue initiated by the Rule of Law Coordination and Resource Group and the Rule of Law Unit with Member States on the topic ‘‘Promoting the rule of law at the international level’’, and calls for the continuation of this dialogue with a view to fostering the rule of law at the international level;", "5. Stresses the importance of adherence to the rule of law at the national level and the need to strengthen support to Member States, upon their request, in the domestic implementation of their respective international obligations through enhanced technical assistance and capacity-building, based on greater coordination and coherence within the United Nations system and among donors, and reiterates its call for greater evaluation of the effectiveness of such activities, including possible measures to improve the effectiveness of those capacity-building activities;", "6. Calls, in this context, for dialogue to be enhanced among all stakeholders with a view to placing national perspectives at the centre of rule of law assistance in order to strengthen national ownership;", "7. Calls upon the United Nations system to systematically address, as appropriate, aspects of the rule of law in relevant activities, including the participation of women in rule of law-related activities, recognizing the importance of the rule of law to virtually all areas of United Nations engagement;", "8. Expresses full support for the overall coordination and coherence role of the Rule of Law Coordination and Resource Group within the United Nations system within existing mandates, supported by the Rule of Law Unit in the Executive Office of the Secretary-General, under the leadership of the Deputy Secretary-General;", "9. Requests the Secretary-General to submit, in a timely manner, his next annual report on United Nations rule of law activities, in accordance with paragraph 5 of its resolution 63/128 of 11 December 2008;", "10. Recognizes the importance of restoring confidence in the rule of law as a key element of transitional justice;", "11. Encourages the Secretary-General and the United Nations system to accord high priority to rule of law activities;", "12. Invites the International Court of Justice, the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law and the International Law Commission to continue to comment, in their respective reports to the General Assembly, on their current roles in promoting the rule of law;", "13. Invites the Rule of Law Coordination and Resource Group and the Rule of Law Unit to continue to interact with Member States on a regular basis, in particular in informal briefings;", "14. Stresses the need to provide the Rule of Law Unit with the necessary funding and staff in order to enable it to carry out its tasks in an effective and sustainable manner, and urges the Secretary-General and Member States to continue to support the functioning of the Unit;", "15. Recalls its decision to convene a high-level meeting of the General Assembly on the topic “The rule of law at the national and international levels” during the high-level segment of its sixty-seventh session, and decides that the organizational arrangements for the high-level meeting should be as follows:", "(a) The high-level meeting will be held as a one-day plenary on Monday, 24 September 2012;", "(b) The President of the General Assembly, the Secretary-General, the President of the International Court of Justice, the President of the Security Council, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, the Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme, the Executive Director of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, the Chair of the International Law Commission, Member States and observers, as well as a limited number of representatives of non-governmental organizations active in the field of the rule of law,[3] will be invited to speak at the plenary;", "(c) The President of the General Assembly shall draw up a list of representatives of non-governmental organizations in consultative status with the Economic and Social Council who will participate in the high-level meeting;", "(d) The President of the General Assembly shall draw up a list of representatives of civil society organizations, including non-governmental organizations active in the field of the rule of law and, taking into account the principle of equitable geographical representation, submit the list to Member States for consideration on a no-objection basis, for participation in the high-level meeting;", "16. Decides that the high-level meeting will result in a concise outcome document, and requests the President of the General Assembly to produce a draft text, in consultation with Member States, and to convene inclusive informal consultations at an appropriate date in order to enable sufficient consideration and agreement by Member States prior to the meeting;", "17. Requests the President of the General Assembly, in consultation with Member States, to finalize the organizational arrangements of the meetings, including the list of speakers for the plenary, taking into account the length of the high-level meeting, the level of representation, equitable geographical representation and the need to ensure that all listed speakers will have the opportunity to speak;", "18. Requests the Secretary-General to submit a report for the consideration of Member States in preparation for the high-level meeting, no later than March 2012;", "19. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the item entitled “The rule of law at the national and international levels”;", "20. Invites Member States as well as the Secretary-General to suggest possible sub-topics for future Sixth Committee debates for inclusion in the forthcoming annual report, with a view to assisting the Sixth Committee in choosing future sub-topics.", "82nd plenary meeting 9 December 2011", "[1]  See resolution 60/1.", "[2]  A/66/133.", "[3]  To speak on a non-objection basis in accordance with past practice." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Sixth Committee (A/66/475)]", "66/102. The rule of law at the national and international levels", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 65/32 of 6 December 2010,", "Reaffirming its commitment to the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and international law, which are indispensable foundations of a more peaceful, prosperous and just world, and reiterating its determination to foster strict respect for them and to achieve a just and lasting peace throughout the world,", "Reaffirming that human rights, the rule of law and democracy are interlinked and mutually reinforcing and that they belong to the universal and indivisible core values and principles of the United Nations,", "Reaffirming also the need for universal adherence to and implementation of the rule of law at both the national and international levels and its solemn commitment to an international order based on the rule of law and international law, which, together with the principles of justice, is essential for peaceful coexistence and cooperation among States,", "Convinced that the advancement of the rule of law at the national and international levels is essential for the realization of sustained economic growth, sustainable development, the eradication of poverty and hunger and the protection of all human rights and fundamental freedoms, and recognizing that collective security depends on effective cooperation, in accordance with the Charter and international law, against transnational threats,", "Reaffirming the obligation of all States under Chapter VI of the Charter to refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force in any manner inconsistent with the purposes and principles of the United Nations and to settle their international disputes by peaceful means in such a manner that international peace and security and justice are not endangered, and calling upon States that have not yet done so to consider accepting the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice in accordance with its Statute,", "Convinced that the promotion of and respect for the rule of law at the national and international levels, as well as justice and good governance, should guide the activities of the United Nations and its Member States,", "Recalling paragraph 134 (e) of the 2005 World Summit Outcome,", "1. Takes note of the annual report of the Secretary-General on strengthening and coordinating United Nations rule of law activities;[2]", "Reaffirms the role of the General Assembly in promoting the progressive development of international law and its codification, and reaffirms further that States shall comply with all their obligations under international law;", "3. Also reaffirms the need to uphold and promote the rule of law at the international level in accordance with the principles of the Charter;", "Welcomes the dialogue between the Rule of Law Coordination and Resource Group and the Rule of Law Unit and Member States on the theme “Promoting the rule of law at the international level”, and calls for the continuation of this dialogue in order to strengthen the rule of law at the international level;", "Stresses the importance of upholding the rule of law at the national level and the need to increase support to Member States, at their request, through enhanced technical assistance and capacity-building, in the implementation of their respective international obligations within their countries, on the basis of enhanced coordination and coherence within the United Nations system and among donors, and reiterates its call for greater evaluation of the effectiveness of such activities, including possible measures to enhance the effectiveness of those capacity-building activities;", "6. Calls in this regard for enhanced dialogue among all stakeholders to place national perspectives at the centre of rule of law assistance in order to strengthen national ownership;", "7. Calls upon the United Nations system, recognizing the importance of the rule of law in virtually all areas of United Nations engagement, to systematically address all aspects of the rule of law, including the participation of women in rule of law-related activities, as appropriate, in relevant activities;", "8. Expresses its full support for the overall coordination and coherence role of the Rule of Law Coordination and Resource Group within the United Nations system, within its existing mandate, under the leadership of the Deputy Secretary-General and with the support of the Rule of Law Unit in the Executive Office of the Secretary-General;", "9. Requests the Secretary-General to submit his next annual report on United Nations rule of law activities in a timely manner, in accordance with paragraph 5 of General Assembly resolution 63/128 of 11 December 2008;", "10. Recognizes the importance of restoring confidence in the rule of law as a key element of transitional justice;", "11. Encourages the Secretary-General and the United Nations system to give high priority to rule of law activities;", "Invites the International Court of Justice, the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law and the International Law Commission to continue to comment, in their respective reports to the General Assembly, on their current role in promoting the rule of law;", "13. Requests the Rule of Law Coordination and Resource Group and the Rule of Law Unit to continue their regular interaction with Member States, in particular through informal briefings;", "14. Emphasizes the need to provide the Rule of Law Unit with the necessary funding and personnel to enable it to carry out its mandate effectively and sustainably, and urges the Secretary-General and Member States to continue to support the functioning of the Unit;", "Recalls its decision to convene a high-level meeting of the General Assembly on the theme “The rule of law at the national and international levels” during the high-level segment of its sixty-seventh session, and decides that the organizational arrangements for the high-level meeting will be as follows:", "(a) The high-level segment will be a one-day plenary meeting, to be held on Monday, 24 September 2012;", "(b) The President of the General Assembly, the Secretary-General, the President of the International Court of Justice, the President of the Security Council, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, the Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme, the Executive Director of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, the Chairman of the International Law Commission, Member States and observers, and a limited number of representatives of non-governmental organizations active in the field of the rule of law [3] will be invited to address the plenary;", "(c) The President of the General Assembly should draw up a list of representatives of non-governmental organizations in consultative status with the Economic and Social Council who will participate in the high-level meeting;", "(d) The President of the General Assembly should draw up a list of representatives of civil society organizations, including non-governmental organizations active in the field of the rule of law, taking into account the principle of equitable geographical representation, and submit the list of participants in the high-level meeting, on a no-objection basis, to Member States for their consideration;", "16. Decides that the high-level meeting will result in a concise outcome document, and requests the President of the General Assembly, in consultation with Member States, to prepare the draft document and to hold, in due course, inclusive informal consultations so that Member States can fully consider it and reach agreement in advance of the meeting;", "17. Requests the President of the General Assembly, in consultation with Member States, to finalize the organizational arrangements, including the list of speakers for the plenary meetings, taking into account the length of the high-level meeting, participation, equitable geographical representation and the need to ensure that all speakers on the list have the opportunity to speak;", "18. Requests the Secretary-General, in preparation for the high-level meeting, to submit a report for consideration by Member States no later than March 2012;", "Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the item entitled “The rule of law at the national and international levels”;", "20. Invites Member States and the Secretary-General to propose possible subtopics for future Sixth Committee debates and to include them in the next annual report in order to assist the Sixth Committee in selecting future subtopics.", "9 December 2011", "82nd PLENARY MEETING", "[1] 1 See resolution 60/1.", "[2] 2 A/66/133.", "[3] 3 In accordance with past practice, statements were made under the no-objection procedure." ]

[ "2011年12月9日大会决议", "[根据第六委员会的报告(A/66/476)通过]", "66/103. 普遍管辖权原则的范围和适用", "大会，", "重申决意维护《联合国宪章》宗旨和原则、国际法和以法治为基础的国际秩序，这对于国家间和平共处与合作至关重要，", "回顾其2009年12月16日第64/117号和2010年12月6日第65/33号决议，", "考虑到各国政府和观察员关于普遍管辖权原则的范围和适用问题的评论和意见以及大会第六十四、六十五和六十六届会议期间第六委员会关于此问题的讨论，[1]", "认识到各国表达了各种不同意见，需要进一步审议，以便更好理解普遍管辖权的范围和适用，", "重申决意打击有罪不罚现象，注意到各国表达的意见认为，最好依照国际法负责任地、慎重地适用普遍管辖权，以此确保这种管辖权使用的合法性和公信力，", "1. 赞赏地注意到秘书长以各国政府和相关观察员的评论和意见为基础编写的报告；[2]", "2. 决定第六委员会应继续审议普遍管辖权的范围和适用问题，但不妨碍联合国其他论坛对该专题和相关议题的审议，并为此决定在第六十七届会议上设立一个第六委员会工作组，继续全面讨论普遍管辖权的范围和适用问题；[3]", "3. 请会员国，酌情也请相关观察员，在2012年4月30日前提交关于普遍管辖权的范围和适用的资料和意见，酌情包括适用的有关国际条约、本国法律规则和司法实践的资料，并请秘书长以这些资料和意见为基础编写一份报告，提交大会第六十七届会议；", "4. 决定工作组应对所有会员国开放，并邀请大会相关观察员参加工作组的工作；", "5. 又决定将题为“普遍管辖权原则的范围和适用”的项目列入其第六十七届会议临时议程。", "2011年12月9日", "第82次全体会议", "[1] ¹ 见《大会正式记录，第六十四届会议，第六委员会》，第12、13和25次会议(A/C.6/64/SR.12、13和25)和更正；同上，《第六十五届会议，第六委员会》，第10至12、27和28次会议(A/C.6/65/SR.10-12、27和28)和更正；及同上，《第六十六届会议，第六委员会》，第12、13、17和29次会议(A/C.6/66/SR.12、13、17和29)和更正。", "[2] ² A/66/93和Add.1；另见A/65/181。", "[3] ³ 工作组将考虑到第六十六届会议的工作组所提交的非正式工作文件(A/C.6/66/WG.3/1)。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Sixth Committee (A/66/476)]", "66/103. The scope and application of the principle of universal jurisdiction", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming its commitment to the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, to international law and to an international order based on the rule of law, which is essential for peaceful coexistence and cooperation among States,", "Recalling its resolutions 64/117 of 16 December 2009 and 65/33 of 6 December 2010,", "Taking into account the comments and observations of Governments and observers and the discussions held in the Sixth Committee at the sixty-fourth, sixty-fifth and sixty-sixth sessions of the General Assembly, on the scope and application of universal jurisdiction,[1]", "Recognizing the diversity of views expressed by States and the need for further consideration towards a better understanding of the scope and application of universal jurisdiction,", "Reiterating its commitment to fighting impunity, and noting the views expressed by States that the legitimacy and credibility of the use of universal jurisdiction are best ensured by its responsible and judicious application consistent with international law,", "1. Takes note with appreciation of the report of the Secretary-General prepared on the basis of comments and observations of Governments and relevant observers;[2]", "2. Decides that the Sixth Committee shall continue its consideration of the scope and application of universal jurisdiction, without prejudice to the consideration of this topic and related issues in other forums of the United Nations, and for this purpose decides to establish, at its sixty-seventh session, a working group of the Sixth Committee to continue to undertake a thorough discussion of the scope and application of universal jurisdiction;[3]", "3. Invites Member States and relevant observers, as appropriate, to submit, before 30 April 2012, information and observations on the scope and application of universal jurisdiction, including, where appropriate, information on the relevant applicable international treaties, their domestic legal rules and judicial practice, and requests the Secretary-General to prepare and submit to the General Assembly, at its sixty-seventh session, a report based on such information and observations;", "4. Decides that the Working Group shall be open to all Member States and that relevant observers to the General Assembly will be invited to participate in the work of the Working Group;", "5. Also decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the item entitled “The scope and application of the principle of universal jurisdiction”.", "82nd plenary meeting 9 December 2011", "[1]  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-fourth Session, Sixth Committee, 12th, 13th and 25th meetings (A/C.6/64/SR.12, 13 and 25), and corrigendum; ibid., Sixty-fifth Session, Sixth Committee, 10th to 12th, 27th and 28th meetings (A/C.6/65/SR.10–12, 27 and 28), and corrigendum; and ibid., Sixty‑sixth Session, Sixth Committee, 12th, 13th, 17th and 29th meetings (A/C.6/66/SR.12, 13, 17 and 29), and corrigendum.", "[2]  A/66/93 and Add.1; see also A/65/181.", "[3]  The Working Group will take into account the informal working paper of the Working Group at the Sixty-sixth session (A/C.6/66/WG.3/1)." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Sixth Committee (A/66/476)]", "66/103. The scope and application of the principle of universal jurisdiction", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming its commitment to the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, international law and an international order based on the rule of law, which are essential for peaceful coexistence and cooperation among States,", "Recalling its resolutions 64/117 of 16 December 2009 and 65/33 of 6 December 2010,", "Taking into account the comments and observations of Governments and observers on the scope and application of the principle of universal jurisdiction and the discussions held in the Sixth Committee during the sixty-fourth, sixty-fifth and sixty-sixth sessions of the General Assembly on the subject,", "Recognizing the diversity of views expressed by States and the need for further consideration in order to better understand the scope and application of universal jurisdiction,", "Reaffirming its commitment to combating impunity, and noting the views expressed by States that the legitimacy and credibility of the use of universal jurisdiction are best ensured by its responsible and prudent application in accordance with international law,", "1. Takes note with appreciation of the report of the Secretary-General prepared on the basis of comments and observations of Governments and relevant observers;[2]", "2. Decides that the Sixth Committee shall continue its consideration of the scope and application of universal jurisdiction, without prejudice to the consideration of the topic and related topics in other United Nations forums, and to this end decides to establish, at its sixty-seventh session, a working group of the Sixth Committee to continue to discuss the scope and application of universal jurisdiction in a comprehensive manner;[3]", "3. Invites Member States and, where appropriate, relevant observers to submit, by 30 April 2012, information and views on the scope and application of universal jurisdiction, including, as appropriate, information on relevant applicable international treaties, national legal rules and judicial practice, and requests the Secretary-General to prepare a report based on such information and observations and to submit it to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "4. Decides that the Working Group shall be open to all Member States, and invites relevant observers to the General Assembly to participate in its work;", "Also decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the item entitled “The scope and application of the principle of universal jurisdiction”.", "9 December 2011", "82nd PLENARY MEETING", "[1] 1 See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-fourth Session, Sixth Committee, 12th, 13th and 25th meetings (A/C.6/64/SR.12, 13 and 25) and corrigendum; ibid., Sixty-fifth Session, Sixth Committee, 10th to 12th, 27th and 28th meetings (A/C.6/65/SR.10-12, 27 and 28); and ibid., Sixty-sixth Session, Sixth Committee, 12th, 13th, 17th and 29th meetings (A/C.6/66/SR.12, 13, 17 and 29) and corrigendum.", "[2]; 2 A/66/93 and Add.1; see also A/65/181.", "[3] The Working Group will take into account the informal working paper submitted by the Working Group at its sixty-sixth session (A/C.6/66/WG.3/1)." ]

[ "2011年12月9日大会决议", "[根据第六委员会的报告(A/66/477)通过]", "66/104. 跨界含水层法", "大会，", "回顾其2008年12月11日第63/124号决议，其中注意到国际法委员会拟订的跨界含水层法条款草案，", "注意到跨界含水层法是对国家间关系至为重要的主题，需要通过国际合作合理、正当地管理跨界含水层这一极为重要的自然资源，", "强调《联合国宪章》第十三条第一项(子)款所述的国际法编纂和逐渐发展的持续重要性，", "注意到各国政府关于这一专题的评论以及大会第六十三届和第六十六届会议期间第六委员会关于这一专题的讨论，[1]", "1. 再次鼓励有关国家酌情考虑第63/124号决议所附的条款草案，为正当管理跨界含水层做出适当的双边或区域安排；", "2. 鼓励联合国教育、科学及文化组织国际水文方案向有关国家提供进一步科学技术援助，第63/124号决议曾注意到该方案的贡献；", "3. 决定将题为“跨界含水层法”的项目列入大会第六十八届会议临时议程，并参考各国政府的书面评论以及在第六十三届和第六十六届会议期间第六委员会举行的辩论中表达的意见，继续审查条款草案最后可能采取的形式等问题。", "2011年12月9日", "第82次全体会议", "[1] ¹ 见《大会正式记录，第六十三届会议，第六委员会》，第26次会议(A/C.6/63/SR.26)和更正；及同上，《第六十六届会议，第六委员会》，第16和29次会议(A/C.6/66/SR.16和29)和更正。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Sixth Committee (A/66/477)]", "66/104. The law of transboundary aquifers", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 63/124 of 11 December 2008, in which it took note of the draft articles on the law of transboundary aquifers formulated by the International Law Commission,", "Noting the major importance of the subject of the law of transboundary aquifers in the relations of States and the need for reasonable and proper management of transboundary aquifers, a vitally important natural resource, through international cooperation,", "Emphasizing the continuing importance of the codification and progressive development of international law, as referred to in Article 13, paragraph 1 (a), of the Charter of the United Nations,", "Taking note of the comments of Governments and the discussions in the Sixth Committee at its sixty-third and sixty-sixth sessions on this topic,[1]", "1. Further encourages the States concerned to make appropriate bilateral or regional arrangements for the proper management of their transboundary aquifers, taking into account the provisions of the draft articles annexed to its resolution 63/124;", "2. Encourages the International Hydrological Programme of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, whose contribution was noted in resolution 63/124, to offer further scientific and technical assistance to the States concerned;", "3. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-eighth session the item entitled “The law of transboundary aquifers” and, in the light of written comments of Governments, as well as views expressed in the debates of the Sixth Committee held at its sixty-third and sixty-sixth sessions, to continue to examine, inter alia, the question of the final form that might be given to the draft articles.", "82nd plenary meeting 9 December 2011", "[1]  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-third Session, Sixth Committee, 26th meeting (A/C.6/63/SR.26), and corrigendum; and ibid., Sixty-sixth Session, Sixth Committee, 16th and 29th meetings (A/C.6/66/SR.16 and 29), and corrigendum." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Sixth Committee (A/64/477)]", "04. Cross-border aquifer law", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 63/124 of 11 December 2008, in which it took note of the draft articles on the law of transboundary aquifers prepared by the International Law Commission,", "Noting that the law of transboundary aquifers is an important theme for inter-State relations and requires the rational and local management of transboundary aquifers through international cooperation,", "Emphasizing the continuing importance of the codification and progressive development of international law, as set out in Article 13, paragraph 1 (a), of the Charter of the United Nations,", "Taking note of the comments of Governments on this topic and the discussions of the Sixth Committee during the sixty-third and sixty-sixth sessions of the General Assembly on this topic,", "Reiterates its encouragement to the States concerned, when appropriate, to consider the draft articles annexed to resolution 63/1124 and to make appropriate bilateral or regional arrangements for the proper management of transboundary aquifers;", "Encourages the International Hydrographic Programme of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization to provide further scientific technical assistance to interested States, and resolution 63/1124 noted the contribution of the programme;", "Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-eighth session the item entitled “The law of transboundary aquifers”, taking into account written comments by Governments and views expressed during the debates held in the Sixth Committee during the sixty-third and sixty-sixth sessions, and to continue to examine the final possible form of the draft articles.", "9 December 2011", "82nd plenary meeting", "1 See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-third Session, Sixth Committee, 26th meeting (A/C.6/63/SR.26) and corrigendum; and ibid., Sixty-sixth Session, Sixth Committee, 16 and 29th meetings (A/C.6/60/SR.16 and 29 and corrigendum)." ]

[ "2011年12月9日大会决议", "[根据第六委员会的报告(A/66/478)通过]", "66/105. 消除国际恐怖主义的措施", "大会，", "遵循《联合国宪章》的宗旨和原则，", "重申2006年9月8日通过的加强国际社会努力有效打击一切形式和表现的恐怖主义祸害的总体框架的《联合国全球反恐战略》[1] 的各个方面，并回顾分别于2008年9月4日和5日及2010年9月8日对该战略进行的第一次和第二次双年度审查以及当时举行的辩论，[2]", "回顾《联合国五十周年纪念宣言》，[3]", "又回顾《联合国千年宣言》，[4]", "还回顾《2005年世界首脑会议成果》，[5] 并特别重申关于恐怖主义的一节，", "回顾大会1994年12月9日第49/60号决议附件所载的《消除国际恐怖主义措施宣言》，以及1996年12月17日第51/210号决议附件所载的《补充1994年〈消除国际恐怖主义措施宣言〉的宣言》，", "又回顾所有关于消除国际恐怖主义的措施的大会决议和关于恐怖行为对国际和平与安全造成的威胁的安全理事会决议，", "深信大会审议消除国际恐怖主义的措施十分重要，因为大会是具有此职权的普遍性机构，", "深感不安地看到在世界各地实施的恐怖行为持续不断，", "重申强烈谴责造成巨大人命损失和破坏、令人发指的恐怖行为，包括促使通过大会2001年9月12日第56/1号决议以及安全理事会2001年9月12日第1368(2001)号、2001年9月28日第1373(2001)号和2001年11月12日第1377(2001)号决议的恐怖行为以及自这些决议通过以来发生的恐怖行为，", "又重申强烈谴责蓄意袭击联合国在世界各地的办事处的暴行，", "申明各国必须确保为打击恐怖主义而采取的任何措施都符合本国依据国际法承担的一切义务，并依照国际法，特别是国际人权法、难民法和人道主义法，采取这种措施，", "强调必须依照《宪章》原则、国际法和相关国际公约，进一步加强各国之间及各国际组织和机构、区域组织和安排与联合国之间的国际合作，以防止、打击和消除一切形式和表现的恐怖主义，不论在何处发生，也不论是何人所为，", "注意到安全理事会关于反恐怖主义的第1373(2001)号决议所设委员会发挥作用，监测该决议的执行情况，包括各国采取必要的金融、法律和技术措施以及批准或接受相关国际公约和议定书的情况，", "意识到必须增强联合国和相关专门机构在打击国际恐怖主义方面的作用以及秘书长关于增强本组织在这方面的作用的提议，", "又意识到亟需加强国际、区域和次区域合作，以增强各国的国家能力，防止和有效制止一切形式和表现的国际恐怖主义，", "再次吁请各国紧急审查关于防止、遏制和消除一切形式和表现的恐怖主义的现有国际法律规定的范围，以期确保有一个涵盖这个问题的所有方面的全面法律框架，", "强调容忍和不同文明之间的对话以及加强不同信仰和文化之间的了解是促进在反恐行动方面合作和取得成功的最重要因素之一，并欣见为此采取的各种举措，", "重申任何恐怖行为在任何情况下均无理可辩，", "回顾安全理事会2005年9月14日第1624(2005)号决议，并铭记着各国必须确保为打击恐怖主义采取的任何措施都符合本国依据国际法，特别是依据国际人权法、难民法和人道主义法承担的义务，", "注意到在国际、区域和次区域范围内各机构有关防止和制止国际恐怖主义的最新发展和举措，这些机构包括：非洲联盟、亚洲太平洋经济合作组织、东南亚国家联盟、巴厘反恐怖主义进程、中美洲一体化体系、集体安全条约组织、东部和南部非洲共同市场、亚洲相互协作与建立信任措施会议、海湾阿拉伯国家合作委员会、欧洲委员会、东非共同体、西非国家经济共同体、欧洲-地中海伙伴关系、欧洲自由贸易联盟、欧洲联盟、全球反恐论坛、八国集团、政府间发展管理局、国际民用航空组织、国际海事组织、阿拉伯国家联盟、不结盟国家运动、北大西洋公约组织、经济合作与发展组织、欧洲安全与合作组织、美洲国家组织、伊斯兰合作组织、太平洋岛屿论坛、东南亚国家联盟区域论坛、上海合作组织、南部非洲发展共同体和世界海关组织，", "注意到各区域作出努力，包括以拟订和参加区域公约的方式，防止、打击和消除一切形式和表现的恐怖主义，不论在何处发生，也不论是何人所为，", "回顾大会1999年12月9日第54/110号、2000年12月12日第55/158号、2001年12月12日第56/88号、2002年11月19日第57/27号、2003年12月9日第58/81号、2004年12月2日第59/46号、2005年12月8日第60/43号、2006年12月4日第61/40号、2007年12月6日第62/71号、2008年12月11日第63/129号、2009年12月16日第64/118号和2010年12月6日第65/34号决议决定，大会第51/210号决议设立的特设委员会应审议在联合国主持下召开一次高级别会议以制订国际社会有组织地联合对付一切形式和表现的恐怖主义的对策的问题，并将该问题保留在其议程上，", "又回顾2009年7月16日在埃及沙姆沙伊赫举行的第十五次不结盟国家运动国家元首和政府首脑会议通过的《最后文件》，[6] 其中重申不结盟国家运动对恐怖主义问题的集体立场，并再次申明以前提出的关于要求在联合国主持下召开一次国际首脑会议以制订国际社会有组织地联合对付一切形式和表现的恐怖主义的对策的倡议[7] 以及其他相关倡议，", "意识到大会2002年12月18日第57/219号、2003年12月22日第58/187号、2004年12月20日第59/191号、2005年12月16日第60/158号、2006年12月19日第61/171号、2007年12月18日第62/159号、2008年12月18日第63/185号、2009年12月18日第64/168号和2010年12月21日第65/221号决议，", "审查了秘书长的报告、[8] 特设委员会的报告[9] 和大会第六十六届会议第六委员会所设工作组主席的口头报告，¹[10]", "1. 强烈谴责一切形式和表现的恐怖行为、方法和行径，这些行为不论在何处发生，也不论是何人所为，均为犯罪，无理可辩；", "2. 吁请所有会员国、联合国及其他有关国际、区域和次区域组织通过调用资源和专门知识等方式，毫不迟延地在国际、区域、次区域和国家层面在所有方面执行《联合国全球反恐战略》¹ 及与《战略》的第一次和第二次双年度审查相关的决议；¹[11]", "3. 回顾大会在跟踪了解《战略》的执行情况和更新该《战略》方面的核心作用，期待第三次双年度审查，并在这方面回顾大会曾请秘书长促进大会今后的审议工作，请秘书长在此过程中提供关于秘书处内相关活动的资料，以确保联合国系统反恐工作的全面协调和统一；", "4. 重申为了政治目的而故意或蓄意在一般公众、某一群人或某些人之中引起恐怖状态的犯罪行为，不论引用何种政治、思想、意识形态、种族、人种、宗教或其他性质的考虑作为理由，在任何情况下都无理可辩；", "5. 再次吁请所有国家按照《联合国宪章》和国际法的相关规定，包括按照国际人权标准，采取进一步措施防止恐怖主义，加强打击恐怖主义的国际合作，并为此目的特别考虑执行大会第51/210号决议第3(a)至(f)段所列的措施；", "6. 又再次吁请所有国家为促进高效率执行相关法律文书，在适当情况下加强信息交流，互通有关恐怖主义的事实，但同时应避免传播不准确或未核实的信息；", "7. 再次吁请各国不资助、不鼓励恐怖主义活动，也不向其提供训练或其他支持；", "8. 关注恐怖团体绑架和扣留人质索取赎金和(或)政治让步的事件增多，并表示必须处理这一问题；", "9． 敦促各国对于其国民或在其境内的其他个人和实体蓄意为实施或企图实施、便利实施或参与实施恐怖行为的个人或实体的利益提供和筹集资金的，要确保他们受到与这种行为的严重性质相称的刑罚惩处；", "10. 提醒各国根据相关国际公约和议定书以及安全理事会决议，包括安理会第1373(2001)号决议，有义务确保将实施恐怖行为的人绳之以法；", "11. 重申打击恐怖主义的国际合作及国家行动应依照《宪章》原则、国际法和相关国际公约进行；", "12. 回顾《制止核恐怖主义行为国际公约》、¹[12] 《关于核材料的实物保护公约》的修正案、¹[13] 《制止危及海上航行安全非法行为公约》的2005年议定书¹[14] 和《制止危及大陆架固定平台安全非法行为议定书》的2005年议定书¹[15] 获得通过，并敦促各国考虑作为优先事项，成为上述文书的缔约方；", "13. 敦促所有尚未成为缔约方的国家考虑作为优先事项，依照安全理事会第1373(2001)号决议和安理会2004年10月8日第1566(2004)号决议的规定，成为大会第51/210号决议第6段中提到的相关公约和议定书以及《制止恐怖主义爆炸的国际公约》、¹[16] 《制止向恐怖主义提供资助的国际公约》、¹[17] 《制止核恐怖主义行为国际公约》和《关于核材料的实物保护公约》修正案的缔约方，并吁请所有国家酌情制定必要的国内立法以实施这些公约和议定书的规定，确保本国法院行使管辖权，能够审判实施恐怖行为的人，并为此目的与其他国家及相关国际组织和区域组织合作，和向它们提供支持和协助；", "14. 敦促各国与秘书长合作，并彼此合作，以及同有关政府间组织合作，以确保酌情在现有任务范围内，向需要并要求协助的国家提供技术和其他专家咨询意见，协助它们成为上文第13段所述公约和议定书的缔约方及实施这些公约和议定书；", "15. 赞赏并满意地注意到，依照大会第65/34号决议第12和13段中的呼吁，一些国家已成为这两段所述相关公约和议定书的缔约方，从而实现使这些公约得到更广泛接受和实施的目标；", "16. 重申《消除国际恐怖主义措施宣言》¹[18] 和《补充1994年〈消除国际恐怖主义措施宣言〉的宣言》，¹[19] 并吁请所有国家予以实施；", "17. 吁请所有国家合作防止和制止恐怖行为；", "18. 敦促所有国家和秘书长在其防止国际恐怖主义的努力中，以最佳方式利用联合国的现有机构；", "19. 赞赏地注意到2011年9月19日联合国与沙特阿拉伯于2011年9月19日签署了捐助协定，以启动在联合国反恐执行工作队内设立的联合国反恐中心；", "20. 请维也纳联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室预防恐怖主义处继续作出努力，根据其任务规定，加强联合国在防止恐怖主义方面的能力，并认识到该处在《联合国全球反恐战略》和安全理事会第1373(2001)号决议范围内发挥作用，通过国家能力建设等途径，协助各国成为包括最近通过的在内各项相关反恐国际公约和议定书的缔约方并予以实施，和加强恐怖主义刑事事项方面的国际合作机制；", "21. 欣见秘书处正在努力以所有正式语文编写《关于防止和制止国际恐怖主义的国际文书》第三版；", "22. 请区域政府间组织向秘书长提交关于其在区域一级为消除国际恐怖主义而采取的措施的资料，以及关于这些组织举行的政府间会议的资料；", "23. 注意到在大会第51/210号决议设立的特设委员会和大会第六十六届会议期间第六委员会所设工作组的会议上拟订关于国际恐怖主义的全面公约草案的工作所取得的进展，并欢迎继续为此作出努力；", "24. 决定第六委员会在大会第六十七届会议期间设立一个工作组，负责为关于国际恐怖主义的全面公约草案定稿，并继续讨论大会第54/110号决议列入其议程的关于在联合国主持下召开一次高级别会议的问题的项目；", "25. 又决定酌情在2013年再度召开特设委员会会议,日期将在大会第六十七届会议上决定,以从速继续拟订关于国际恐怖主义的全面公约草案,和继续讨论大会第54/110号决议列入其议程的关于在联合国主持下召开一次高级别会议的问题的项目；", "26. 鼓励所有会员国在闭会期间加倍努力解决任何悬而未决的问题；", "27. 决定将题为“消除国际恐怖主义的措施”的项目列入大会第六十七届会议临时议程。", "2011年12月9日", "第82次全体会议", "[1] ¹ 第60/288号决议。", "[2] ² 见《大会正式记录，第六十二届会议，全体会议》，第117至120次会议(A/62/PV.117-120)和更正；及同上，《第六十四届会议，全体会议》，第116和117次会议(A/64/PV.116和117)和更正。", "[3] ³ 见第50/6号决议。", "[4] ⁴ 见第55/2号决议。", "[5] ⁵ 见第60/1号决议。", "[6] ⁶ A/63/965-S/2009/514，附件。", "[7] ⁷ 见A/53/667-S/1998/1071，附件一，第149至162段。", "[8] ⁸ A/66/96和Add.1。", "[9] ⁹ 《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第37号》(A/66/37)。", "[10] ¹⁰ 同上，《第六委员会》，第28次会议(A/C.6/66/SR.28)和更正。", "[11] ¹¹ 第62/272和64/297号决议。", "[12] ¹² 联合国，《条约汇编》，第2445卷，第44004号。", "[13] ¹³ 核材料实物保护公约拟议修正案审议和通过会议2005年7月8日通过。", "[14] ¹⁴ 修订制止危及海上航行安全非法行为公约外交会议2005年10月14日通过(LEG/CONF.15/21)。", "[15] ¹⁵ 修订制止危及海上航行安全非法行为公约外交会议2005年10月14日通过(LEG/CONF.15/22)。", "[16] ¹⁶ 联合国，《条约汇编》，第2149卷，第37517号。", "[17] ¹⁷ 同上，第2178卷，第38349号。", "[18] ¹⁸ 第49/60号决议，附件。", "[19] ¹⁹ 第51/210号决议，附件。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Sixth Committee (A/66/478)]", "66/105. Measures to eliminate international terrorism", "The General Assembly,", "Guided by the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations,", "Reaffirming, in all its aspects, the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy adopted on 8 September 2006,[1] enhancing the overall framework for the efforts of the international community to effectively counter the scourge of terrorism in all its forms and manifestations, and recalling the first and second biennial review of the Strategy, on 4 and 5 September 2008 and on 8 September 2010, respectively, and the debates that were held on those occasions,[2]", "Recalling the Declaration on the Occasion of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the United Nations,[3]", "Recalling also the United Nations Millennium Declaration,[4]", "Recalling further the 2005 World Summit Outcome,[5] and reaffirming in particular the section on terrorism,", "Recalling the Declaration on Measures to Eliminate International Terrorism, contained in the annex to General Assembly resolution 49/60 of 9 December 1994, and the Declaration to Supplement the 1994 Declaration on Measures to Eliminate International Terrorism, contained in the annex to Assembly resolution 51/210 of 17 December 1996,", "Recalling also all General Assembly resolutions on measures to eliminate international terrorism and Security Council resolutions on threats to international peace and security caused by terrorist acts,", "Convinced of the importance of the consideration of measures to eliminate international terrorism by the General Assembly as the universal organ having competence to do so,", "Deeply disturbed by the persistence of terrorist acts, which have been carried out worldwide,", "Reaffirming its strong condemnation of the heinous acts of terrorism that have caused enormous loss of human life, destruction and damage, including those which prompted the adoption of General Assembly resolution 56/1 of 12 September 2001, as well as Security Council resolutions 1368 (2001) of 12 September 2001, 1373 (2001) of 28 September 2001 and 1377 (2001) of 12 November 2001, and those that have occurred since,", "Reaffirming also its strong condemnation of the atrocious and deliberate attacks that have occurred against United Nations offices in various parts of the world,", "Affirming that States must ensure that any measure taken to combat terrorism complies with all their obligations under international law and must adopt such measures in accordance with international law, in particular international human rights, refugee and humanitarian law,", "Stressing the need to strengthen further international cooperation among States and among international organizations and agencies, regional organizations and arrangements and the United Nations in order to prevent, combat and eliminate terrorism in all its forms and manifestations, wherever and by whomsoever committed, in accordance with the principles of the Charter, international law and the relevant international conventions,", "Noting the role of the Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1373 (2001) concerning counter-terrorism in monitoring the implementation of that resolution, including the taking of the necessary financial, legal and technical measures by States and the ratification or acceptance of the relevant international conventions and protocols,", "Mindful of the need to enhance the role of the United Nations and the relevant specialized agencies in combating international terrorism and of the proposals of the Secretary-General to enhance the role of the Organization in this respect,", "Mindful also of the essential need to strengthen international, regional and subregional cooperation aimed at enhancing the national capacity of States to prevent and effectively suppress international terrorism in all its forms and manifestations,", "Reiterating its call upon States to review urgently the scope of the existing international legal provisions on the prevention, repression and elimination of terrorism in all its forms and manifestations, with the aim of ensuring that there is a comprehensive legal framework covering all aspects of the matter,", "Emphasizing that tolerance and dialogue among civilizations and the enhancement of interfaith and intercultural understanding are among the most important elements in promoting cooperation and success in combating terrorism, and welcoming the various initiatives to this end,", "Reaffirming that no terrorist act can be justified in any circumstances,", "Recalling Security Council resolution 1624 (2005) of 14 September 2005, and bearing in mind that States must ensure that any measure taken to combat terrorism complies with their obligations under international law, in particular international human rights, refugee and humanitarian law,", "Taking note of recent developments and initiatives at the international, regional and subregional levels to prevent and suppress international terrorism, including those of the African Union, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the Bali Counter-Terrorism Process, the Central American Integration System, the Collective Security Treaty Organization, the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-building Measures in Asia, the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf, the Council of Europe, the East African Community, the Economic Community of West African States, the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership, the European Free Trade Association, the European Union, the Global Counterterrorism Forum, the Group of Eight, the Intergovernmental Authority on Development, the International Civil Aviation Organization, the International Maritime Organization, the League of Arab States, the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the Organization of American States, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, the Pacific Islands Forum, the Regional Forum of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the Southern African Development Community and the World Customs Organization,", "Noting regional efforts to prevent, combat and eliminate terrorism in all its forms and manifestations, wherever and by whomsoever committed, including through the elaboration of, and adherence to, regional conventions,", "Recalling its decision in resolutions 54/110 of 9 December 1999, 55/158 of 12 December 2000, 56/88 of 12 December 2001, 57/27 of 19 November 2002, 58/81 of 9 December 2003, 59/46 of 2 December 2004, 60/43 of 8 December 2005, 61/40 of 4 December 2006, 62/71 of 6 December 2007, 63/129 of 11 December 2008, 64/118 of 16 December 2009 and 65/34 of 6 December 2010 that the Ad Hoc Committee established by General Assembly resolution 51/210 should address, and keep on its agenda, the question of convening a high-level conference under the auspices of the United Nations to formulate a joint organized response of the international community to terrorism in all its forms and manifestations,", "Recalling also the Final Document of the Fifteenth Summit Conference of Heads of State and Government of the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries, adopted in Sharm el‑Sheikh, Egypt, on 16 July 2009,[6] which reiterated the collective position of the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries on terrorism and reaffirmed its previous initiative calling for an international summit conference under the auspices of the United Nations to formulate a joint organized response of the international community to terrorism in all its forms and manifestations,[7] as well as other relevant initiatives,", "Aware of its resolutions 57/219 of 18 December 2002, 58/187 of 22 December 2003, 59/191 of 20 December 2004, 60/158 of 16 December 2005, 61/171 of 19 December 2006, 62/159 of 18 December 2007, 63/185 of 18 December 2008, 64/168 of 18 December 2009 and 65/221 of 21 December 2010,", "Having examined the report of the Secretary-General,[8] the report of the Ad Hoc Committee[9] and the oral report of the Chair of the Working Group established by the Sixth Committee at the sixty-sixth session of the Assembly,[10]", "1. Strongly condemns all acts, methods and practices of terrorism in all its forms and manifestations as criminal and unjustifiable, wherever and by whomsoever committed;", "2. Calls upon all Member States, the United Nations and other appropriate international, regional and subregional organizations to implement the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy,¹ as well as the resolutions relating to the first and second biennial review of the Strategy,[11] in all its aspects at the international, regional, subregional and national levels without delay, including by mobilizing resources and expertise;", "3. Recalls the pivotal role of the General Assembly in following up the implementation and the updating of the Strategy, looks forward to the third biennial review and in this regard recalls its invitation to the Secretary-General to contribute to the future deliberations of the Assembly, and requests the Secretary-General when doing so to provide information on relevant activities within the Secretariat to ensure overall coordination and coherence in the counter-terrorism efforts of the United Nations system;", "4. Reiterates that criminal acts intended or calculated to provoke a state of terror in the general public, a group of persons or particular persons for political purposes are in any circumstances unjustifiable, whatever the considerations of a political, philosophical, ideological, racial, ethnic, religious or other nature that may be invoked to justify them;", "5. Reiterates its call upon all States to adopt further measures in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations and the relevant provisions of international law, including international standards of human rights, to prevent terrorism and to strengthen international cooperation in combating terrorism and, to that end, to consider in particular the implementation of the measures set out in paragraphs 3 (a) to (f) of General Assembly resolution 51/210;", "6. Also reiterates its call upon all States, with the aim of enhancing the efficient implementation of relevant legal instruments, to intensify, as and where appropriate, the exchange of information on facts related to terrorism and, in so doing, to avoid the dissemination of inaccurate or unverified information;", "7. Reiterates its call upon States to refrain from financing, encouraging, providing training for or otherwise supporting terrorist activities;", "8. Expresses concern at the increase in incidents of kidnapping and hostage‑taking with demands for ransom and/or political concessions by terrorist groups, and expresses the need to address this issue;", "9. Urges States to ensure that their nationals or other persons and entities within their territory that wilfully provide or collect funds for the benefit of persons or entities who commit, or attempt to commit, facilitate or participate in the commission of terrorist acts are punished by penalties consistent with the grave nature of such acts;", "10. Reminds States of their obligations under relevant international conventions and protocols and Security Council resolutions, including Council resolution 1373 (2001), to ensure that perpetrators of terrorist acts are brought to justice;", "11. Reaffirms that international cooperation as well as actions by States to combat terrorism should be conducted in conformity with the principles of the Charter, international law and relevant international conventions;", "12. Recalls the adoption of the International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism,[12] the Amendment to the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material,[13] the Protocol of 2005 to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation[14] and the Protocol of 2005 to the Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Fixed Platforms Located on the Continental Shelf,[15] and urges all States to consider, as a matter of priority, becoming parties to these instruments;", "13. Urges all States that have not yet done so to consider, as a matter of priority and in accordance with Security Council resolution 1373 (2001) and Council resolution 1566 (2004) of 8 October 2004, becoming parties to the relevant conventions and protocols as referred to in paragraph 6 of General Assembly resolution 51/210, as well as the International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings,[16] the International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism,[17] the International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism and the Amendment to the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material, and calls upon all States to enact, as appropriate, the domestic legislation necessary to implement the provisions of those conventions and protocols, to ensure that the jurisdiction of their courts enables them to bring to trial the perpetrators of terrorist acts and to cooperate with and provide support and assistance to other States and relevant international and regional organizations to that end;", "14. Urges States to cooperate with the Secretary-General and with one another, as well as with interested intergovernmental organizations, with a view to ensuring, where appropriate within existing mandates, that technical and other expert advice is provided to those States requiring and requesting assistance in becoming parties to and implementing the conventions and protocols referred to in paragraph 13 above;", "15. Notes with appreciation and satisfaction that, consistent with the call contained in paragraphs 12 and 13 of General Assembly resolution 65/34, a number of States became parties to the relevant conventions and protocols referred to therein, thereby realizing the objective of wider acceptance and implementation of those conventions;", "16. Reaffirms the Declaration on Measures to Eliminate International Terrorism[18] and the Declaration to Supplement the 1994 Declaration on Measures to Eliminate International Terrorism,[19] and calls upon all States to implement them;", "17. Calls upon all States to cooperate to prevent and suppress terrorist acts;", "18. Urges all States and the Secretary-General, in their efforts to prevent international terrorism, to make the best use of the existing institutions of the United Nations;", "19. Notes with appreciation the contribution agreement to launch the United Nations Counter-Terrorism Centre signed between the United Nations and Saudi Arabia on 19 September 2011, established within the Counter-Terrorism Implementation Task Force;", "20. Requests the Terrorism Prevention Branch of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in Vienna to continue its efforts to enhance, through its mandate, the capabilities of the United Nations in the prevention of terrorism, and recognizes, in the context of the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy and Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), its role in assisting States in becoming parties to and implementing the relevant international conventions and protocols relating to terrorism, including the most recent among them, and in strengthening international cooperation mechanisms in criminal matters related to terrorism, including through national capacity-building;", "21. Welcomes the current efforts by the Secretariat to prepare the third edition of the publication International Instruments related to the Prevention and Suppression of International Terrorism in all official languages;", "22. Invites regional intergovernmental organizations to submit to the Secretary-General information on the measures they have adopted at the regional level to eliminate international terrorism, as well as on intergovernmental meetings held by those organizations;", "23. Notes the progress made in the elaboration of the draft comprehensive convention on international terrorism during the meetings of the Ad Hoc Committee established by General Assembly resolution 51/210 and of the Working Group established by the Sixth Committee during the sixty-sixth session of the Assembly, and welcomes continuing efforts to that end;", "24. Decides that the Sixth Committee, at the sixty-seventh session of the General Assembly, will establish a working group with a view to finalizing the draft comprehensive convention on international terrorism and continuing to discuss the item included in its agenda by Assembly resolution 54/110 concerning the question of convening a high-level conference under the auspices of the United Nations;", "25. Also decides to reconvene the Ad Hoc Committee in 2013, as appropriate, on dates to be decided at the sixty-seventh session of the General Assembly, in order to, on an expedited basis, continue to elaborate the draft comprehensive convention on international terrorism and continue to discuss the item included in its agenda by Assembly resolution 54/110 concerning the question of convening a high-level conference under the auspices of the United Nations;", "26. Encourages all Member States to redouble their efforts during the intersessional period towards resolving any outstanding issues;", "27. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the item entitled “Measures to eliminate international terrorism”.", "82nd plenary meeting 9 December 2011", "[1]  Resolution 60/288.", "[2]  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-second Session, Plenary Meetings, 117th to 120th meetings (A/62/PV.117–120), and corrigendum; and ibid., Sixty-fourth Session, Plenary Meetings, 116th and 117th meetings (A/64/PV.116 and 117), and corrigendum.", "[3]  See resolution 50/6.", "[4]  See resolution 55/2.", "[5]  See resolution 60/1.", "[6]  A/63/965‑S/2009/514, annex.", "[7]  See A/53/667‑S/1998/1071, annex I, paras. 149–162.", "[8]  A/66/96 and Add.1.", "[9]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 37 (A/66/37).", "[10]  Ibid., Sixth Committee, 28th meeting (A/C.6/66/SR.28), and corrigendum.", "[11]  Resolutions 62/272 and 64/297.", "[12]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2445, No. 44004.", "[13]  Adopted on 8 July 2005 by the Conference to Consider and Adopt Proposed Amendments to the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material.", "[14]  Adopted on 14 October 2005 by the Diplomatic Conference on the Revision of the SUA Treaties (LEG/CONF.15/21).", "[15]  Adopted on 14 October 2005 by the Diplomatic Conference on the Revision of the SUA Treaties (LEG/CONF.15/22).", "[16]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2149, No. 37517.", "[17]  Ibid., vol. 2178, No. 38349.", "[18]  Resolution 49/60, annex.", "[19]  Resolution 51/210, annex." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Sixth Committee (A/64/478)]", "Measures to eliminate international terrorism", "The General Assembly,", "Guided by the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations,", "Reaffirming all aspects of the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy adopted on 8 September 2006 to strengthen the overall framework for the international community's efforts to effectively combat the scourge of terrorism in all its forms and manifestations, and recalling the first and second biannual review of the strategy, held on 4 and 5 September 2008, and the debate held at that time, [2]", "Recalling the Declaration on the commemoration of the fiftieth anniversary of the United Nations, [3]", "Recalling also the United Nations Millennium Declaration, [4]", "Recalling further the 2005 World Summit Outcome, [5] and reaffirming in particular the section on terrorism,", "Recalling the Declaration on Measures to Eliminate International Terrorism, annexed to General Assembly resolution 4960 of 9 December 1994, and the Declaration supplementing the 1994 Declaration on Measures to Eliminate International Terrorism, annexed to resolution 51/210 of 17 December 1996,", "Recalling also all General Assembly resolutions on measures to eliminate international terrorism and Security Council resolutions on threats to international peace and security caused by terrorist acts,", "Convinced of the importance of the General Assembly's consideration of measures to eliminate international terrorism, as it is the universal body with this mandate,", "Deeply disturbed by the ongoing terrorist acts committed around the world,", "Reiterating its strong condemnation of the massive loss and destruction of human beings, including acts of terrorism that have occurred since the adoption of General Assembly resolution 56/1 of 12 September 2001, as well as Security Council resolutions 1368 (2001) of 12 September 2001, 1373 (2001) of 28 September 2001 and 1377 (2001) of 12 November 2001, and terrorist acts that have occurred since the adoption of those resolutions,", "Reaffirming also its strong condemnation of the deliberate attacks on United Nations offices around the world,", "Affirming that States must ensure that any measures taken to counter terrorism comply with all their obligations under international law and take such measures in accordance with international law, in particular international human rights law, refugee law and humanitarian law,", "Emphasizing the importance of further strengthening international cooperation between States and international organizations, regional organizations and arrangements with the United Nations, in accordance with the principles of the Charter, international law and relevant international conventions, in order to prevent, combat and eliminate terrorism in all its forms and manifestations, wherever and by whomsoever committed,", "Noting the role played by the Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1373 (2001) concerning counter-terrorism in monitoring the implementation of the resolution, including the necessary financial, legal and technical measures by States and the ratification or acceptance of the relevant international conventions and protocols,", "Aware of the importance of strengthening the role of the United Nations and relevant specialized agencies in combating international terrorism and of the Secretary-General's proposal to enhance the role of the Organization in that regard,", "Aware also of the urgent need to strengthen international, regional and subregional cooperation to strengthen national capacities in order to prevent and effectively combat all forms and manifestations of international terrorism,", "Reiterating its call upon States to urgently review the scope of existing international legal provisions on the prevention, suppression and elimination of all forms and manifestations of terrorism, with a view to ensuring a comprehensive legal framework covering all aspects of the problem,", "Emphasizing that tolerance and dialogue among civilizations and the strengthening of understanding between different faiths and cultures are one of the most important factors contributing to cooperation and success in counter-terrorism operations, and welcoming initiatives taken to that end,", "Reaffirming that any terrorist act is unjustified under any circumstances,", "Recalling Security Council resolution 1624 (2005) of 14 September 2005, and bearing in mind that States must ensure that any measures taken to counter terrorism comply with their obligations under international law, in particular international human rights law, refugee law and humanitarian law,", "Taking note of the latest developments and initiatives undertaken by institutions within the international, regional and subregional contexts on the prevention and suppression of international terrorism, including the African Union, the Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation Organization, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the Bali Counter-Terrorism Process, the Central American Integration System, the Collective Security Treaty Organization, the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-building Measures in Asia, the Gulf Arab States Cooperation Commission, the Council of Europe, the East African Community, the Economic Community, the Economic Community of West African States, the European-Mediterranean Partnership, the European Free Trade Union, the European Union, the Global Counter-Terrorism Forum, the Group, the Intergovernmental Authority, the International Civil Aviation Organization, the League of Arab States, the League of Arab States, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the Organization, the Organization for Europe, the Pacific Islands Forum, the Organization for Cooperation, the Pacific Islands Forum, the Pacific Islands Forum, the Pacific Islands Forum, the Pacific Islands Forum, the Pacific Islands Forum, the Pacific Islands Forum, the Pacific Islands Forum, the Pacific Islands Forum, the Pacific Islands Forum, the Pacific Islands Forum, the Pacific Islands Forum, the Pacific Islands Forum, the", "Noting regional efforts, including by developing and participating in regional conventions, to prevent, combat and eliminate terrorism in all its forms and manifestations, wherever and by whomsoever committed,", "Recalling General Assembly resolutions 54/10 of 9 December 1999, 55/158 of 12 December 2000, 56/88 of 12 December 2001, 57/27 of 19 November 2002, 58/81 of 9 December 2003, 59/46 of 2 December 2004, 60/43 of 8 December 2005, 61/40 of 4 December 2006, 62/7 of 6 December 2007, 63/129 of 11 December 2008, 64/1 of 16 December 2009 and the decision of the Ad Hoc Committee to hold a high-level meeting on terrorism in all its forms and manifestations,", "Recalling also the Final Document adopted by the 15th Summit of Heads of State and Government of the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries, held in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, on 16 July 2009, in which [6] reaffirmed the collective position of the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries on terrorism and reaffirmed previous initiatives to request an international summit under the auspices of the United Nations to develop an organized response by the international community to terrorism in all its forms and manifestations, and other relevant initiatives,", "Mindful of General Assembly resolutions 57/219 of 18 December 2002, 58/187 of 22 December 2003, 59/191 of 20 December 2004, 60/158 of 16 December 2005, 61/171 of 19 December 2006, 62/159 of 18 December 2007, 63/185 of 18 December 2008, 64/1 of 18 December 2008, 64/168 of 18 December 2009 and 63/221 of 21 December 2010,", "Having examined the report of the Secretary-General, the report of the Ad Hoc Committee [8] and the oral report of the Chairman of the Working Group established by the Sixth Committee of the sixty-sixth session of the General Assembly,1 [10]", "Strongly condemns all forms and manifestations of terrorist acts, methods and practices, wherever and by whomever committed, as crimes and unjustifiable;", "Calls upon all Member States, the United Nations and other relevant international, regional and subregional organizations to implement, without delay, the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy in all its aspects, including through the redeployment of resources and expertise. Resolutions relating to the first and second biannual review of the Strategy;1 [11]", "Recalls the central role of the General Assembly in tracking the implementation of the Strategy and updating the Strategy, looks forward to the third biannual review and, in this regard, recalls that the General Assembly has requested the Secretary-General to facilitate future deliberations of the General Assembly, and requests the Secretary-General to provide, in that process, information on relevant activities within the Secretariat to ensure overall coordination and coherence in the counter-terrorism efforts of the United Nations system;", "Reaffirms that, for political purposes, criminal acts that are intentionally or intentionally motivated in the general public, a group of persons or certain persons that give rise to terrorist status, irrespective of the political, thought, ideological, racial, ethnic, religious or other considerations, are unjustifiable in any case;", "Reiterates its call upon all States, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Charter of the United Nations and international law, including, in accordance with international human rights standards, to take further measures to prevent terrorism, strengthen international cooperation in the fight against terrorism, and, to that end, to give special consideration to the implementation of the measures set out in paragraphs 3 (a) to (f) of General Assembly resolution 51/210;", "Also reiterates its call upon all States to strengthen, where appropriate, information exchange on terrorism-related facts in order to facilitate the efficient implementation of the relevant legal instruments, but at the same time to avoid the dissemination of information that is not accurate or unconfirmed;", "Reiterates its call upon States not to fund, refrain from encouraging terrorist activities or to provide training or other support;", "Expresses concern at the increase in the number of incidents of abduction and detention of hostages by terrorist groups and/or political concessions, and expresses the importance of addressing this issue;", "Urges States to provide and fund-raising for the interests of their nationals or other persons and entities within their territory who deliberately commit or attempt to commit, facilitate or participate in the commission of terrorist acts, and to ensure that they are punished in proportion to the gravity of such acts;", "To remind States of their obligations under the relevant international conventions and protocols and Security Council resolutions, including Council resolution 1373 (2001), to ensure that perpetrators of terrorist acts are brought to justice;", "Reaffirms that international cooperation and national action against terrorism shall be carried out in accordance with the principles of the Charter, international law and relevant international conventions;", "Recalls the adoption of Protocol 1 [15] of 2005 to the International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism,1 [12] Amendments to the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material,1 [13] to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation1 [14] and Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Fixed Platforms on the Continental Shelf, and urges States to consider becoming parties to the above-mentioned instrument as a matter of priority;", "Urges all States that have not yet done so to consider, as a matter of priority, becoming parties to the relevant conventions and protocols referred to in paragraph 6 of General Assembly resolution 51/210 and the International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings,1 [16] the International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism,1 [17] the International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism and the amendments to the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material, in accordance with Security Council resolution 1373 (2001) and Council resolution 1566 (2004) of 8 October 2004, and calls upon all States, as appropriate, to enact the necessary domestic legislation to ensure the exercise of their jurisdiction by national courts, the perpetrators of terrorist acts, and to that they cooperate with other States and relevant international organizations and regional organizations in this purpose;", "Urges States to cooperate with the Secretary-General and to cooperate with each other and with relevant intergovernmental organization in order to ensure, where appropriate, technical and other expert advice to States requiring assistance, within existing mandates, to assist them in becoming parties to the Convention and Protocols referred to in paragraph 13 above and to implement them;", "Expresses its appreciation and satisfaction with the fact that, in accordance with the call contained in paragraphs 12 and 13 of General Assembly resolution 65/34, a number of States have become parties to the relevant conventions and protocols referred to in those paragraphs, thereby achieving the goal of making them more widely accepted and implemented;", "Reaffirms the Declaration on Measures to Eliminate International Terrorism1 [18] and the Declaration supplementing the 1994 Declaration on Measures to Eliminate International Terrorism,1 [19] and calls upon all States to implement them;", "Calls upon all States to cooperate in the prevention and suppression of terrorist acts;", "Urges all States and the Secretary-General, in their efforts to prevent international terrorism, to make the best use of existing United Nations bodies;", "Notes with appreciation that on 19 September 2011, the United Nations and Saudi Arabia signed a donor agreement on 19 September 2011 to launch the United Nations Counter-Terrorism Centre established within the United Nations Counter-Terrorism Implementation Task Force;", "Requests the Terrorism Prevention Branch of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to continue its efforts to strengthen the capacity of the United Nations in preventing terrorism, in accordance with its mandate, and recognizes the role of the Branch in the prevention of terrorism within the framework of the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy and Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), and to assist States, including through national capacity-building, in becoming parties to relevant international conventions and protocols related to counter terrorism, including those recently adopted, and to strengthen international cooperation mechanisms in the field of terrorism;", "Welcomes the efforts of the Secretariat to prepare in all official languages a third edition of the International Instrument for the Prevention and Suppression of International Terrorism;", "Requests regional intergovernmental organizations to submit to the Secretary-General information on the measures they have taken to eliminate international terrorism at the regional level, as well as information on the intergovernmental meetings held by those organizations;", "Takes note of the progress made in the preparation of the draft comprehensive convention on international terrorism at the Ad Hoc Committee established pursuant to General Assembly resolution 51/210 and the Working Group established by the Sixth Committee at its sixty-sixth session, and welcomes the continuing efforts to that end;", "Decides that, during the sixty-seventh session of the General Assembly, the Sixth Committee shall establish a working group to finalize the draft comprehensive convention on international terrorism and continue to discuss the item on the convening of a high-level conference under the auspices of the United Nations, as contained in General Assembly resolution 54/10;", "Also decides that, as appropriate, a reconvened Ad Hoc Committee meeting in 2013 will be held at the sixty-seventh session of the General Assembly to continue to develop, as soon as possible, a comprehensive draft convention on international terrorism and to continue to discuss the item on convening a high-level conference under the agenda of the General Assembly in its resolution 54/10;", "Encourages all Member States to redouble their efforts during the intersessional period to resolve any outstanding issues;", "Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the item entitled “Measures to eliminate international terrorism”.", "9 December 2011", "82nd plenary meeting", "See resolution 60/288.", "[2] 2 See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-second Session, Plenary Meetings, 117-120th meetings (A/62/PV.117-120) and corrigendum; and ibid., Sixty-fourth Session, Plenary Meetings, 116 and 117th meetings (A/64/PV.116 and 117) and corrigendum.", "[3] 3 See resolution 50/6.", "[4] 4 See resolution 55/2.", "[5] 5 See resolution 60/1.", "[6] 6 A/63/965-S/2009/514, annex.", "[7] 7 See A/53/667-S/1998/1071, annex I, paras.", "[8] 8 A/66/96 and Add.1.", "[9] 9 Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 37 (A/66/37).", "[10] 10 Ibid., Sixth Committee, 28th meeting (A/C.6/66/SR.28) and corrigendum.", "[11] 11 resolutions 62/272 and 64297.", "[12] 12 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2445, No. 44004.", "[13] 13 Proposed amendments to the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material for consideration and adoption by the Conference on 8 July 2005.", "[14] 14 Adopted on 14 October 2005 at the Diplomatic Conference of the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation (LEG/CONF.15/21).", "[15] 15 Adopted on 14 October 2005 at the Diplomatic Conference of the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation (LEG/CONF.15/22).", "[16] 16 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2149, No. 37517.", "[17] 17 Ibid., vol. 2178, No. 38349.", "[18] 18 Resolution 4960, annex.", "[19] 19 Resolution 51/210, annex." ]

[ "2011年12月9日大会决议", "[根据第六委员会的报告(A/66/481)通过]", "66/106. 联合国争议法庭和联合国上诉法庭法官行为守则", "大会，", "回顾其2007年12月22日第62/228号决议决定由内部司法理事会起草联合国争议法庭和联合国上诉法庭法官行为守则草案，供大会审议，", "又回顾各项相关决议请第六委员会审议联合国内部司法的法律方面问题，但不得影响第五委员会作为负责行政和预算事项的主要委员会的作用，", "审议了内部司法理事会提交大会第六十五届[1] 和第六十六届[2] 会议的报告，其附件中载有两法庭法官行为守则草案，", "赞赏内部司法理事会拟订法官行为守则草案，", "核准本决议附件所列联合国争议法庭和联合国上诉法庭法官行为守则。", "2011年12月9日", "第82次全体会议", "附件", "联合国争议法庭和联合国上诉法庭法官行为守则", "序言", "鉴于《联合国宪章》除论及其他事项外，申明各会员国决心创造适当环境，俾克维持正义，促成国际合作，增进并激励对各项人权及基本自由之尊重，而不得有任何歧视，", "鉴于《世界人权宣言》确认，一项基本原则是，人人完全平等地有权由独立公正的法庭通过公平的公开审讯确定权利和义务，", "鉴于这一权利在包括《公民及政治权利国际公约》在内的一系列重要国际人权文书中得到认可和详述，", "鉴于大会在2007年4月4日第61/261号决议第4段中决定按照国际法有关规则及法治原则和正当程序原则，建立一个独立、透明、专业化、资源充足、权力分散的新内部司法系统，确保工作人员的权利和义务得到尊重，并对管理人员和工作人员都实行问责制，", "鉴于公平解决雇佣申诉将有助于联合国高效开展工作并加强本组织的廉正，", "鉴于在联合国工作环境中，公众对内部司法系统的信任以及对联合国争议法庭和联合国上诉法庭道德权威和廉正的信任至关重要，", "鉴于法官个人和全体必须尊重司法职责，视其为公众信任，并努力增进且维持人们对内部司法系统的信任，", "亦鉴于《关于司法机关独立的基本原则》旨在实现和倡导司法机关的独立性，可为内部司法提供指导，", "兹采纳以下价值观和原则，以确立联合国争议法庭和联合国上诉法庭的法官行为标准，为法官提供指导，亦协助联合国工作人员和管理人员更好地理解和支持联合国争议法庭和联合国上诉法庭在联合国内部的工作：", "1. 独立性", "(a) 法官必须维护联合国内部司法系统的独立性和廉正，必须独立履行职责，不受来自任何当事方或方面的不适当的影响、诱导、压力或威胁；", "(b) 为保护法庭的机构独立性，法官必须采取一切合理步骤，确保个人、当事方、机构或国家均不得直接或间接干扰法庭工作；", "2. 公正性", "(a) 法官在审理一切事项时必须以无畏、不偏袒且不存偏见的方式行事；", "(b) 法官必须确保其任何时候的行为均能维持所有人对法庭公正性的信任；", "(c) 如果发生以下情况，法官必须自行回避案件：", "㈠ 法官有利益冲突；", "㈡ 根据适当知情之人的合理看法，法官有利益冲突；", "㈢ 法官个人知悉与诉讼程序有关的受争议证据事实；", "(d) 法官不得因非实质性理由而自行回避。法官在决定申请自行回避时必须说明理由；", "(e) 法官必须及时向各当事方披露在具体事项中被合理视为应导致申请回避的事由；", "(f) 如果法官的任何家庭成员是案件的诉讼当事人或代表诉讼当事人，或者对于案件结果有重大利益，则该法官不得参与该案件的裁决；", "(g) 为决定是否应自行回避某一事项，法官必须知悉其个人财务利益及其作为受托人的财务利益，并应在合理范围内尽力了解其直系家庭成员的财务利益；", "(h) ㈠ 法官不得直接或间接地洽谈或接受与其司法职务不符的、或者可以被合理视为酬金或可能影响其偏袒某一具体当事方的任何薪酬、收入、补偿、馈赠、优待或特权；", "㈡ 法官可接受象征性礼物、装饰品、奖赏或惠益，惟不得导致上述第h㈠项所述与其司法职务不符或可以被合理视为的各种情形；", "(i) 法官不得从事不符合或有损其法官身份所要求的独立性及公正性的任何金融、政治或商业交易或活动，包括筹资活动，只要该等交易或活动可能被合理视为法官利用司法职务或者在任何其他方面不符合联合国的司法职责；", "3. 廉正", "(a) 法官必须具备高尚品格，不仅在履行职责时，而且在任何时候都行为得体，遵循本《守则》所载的价值观和原则；", "(b) 法官必须在任何时候，包括不履行公务期间，都遵守其居住、工作或访问国家的法律；", "(c) 法官如果患病或出现可能影响其履行职责的其他情况，必须告知法庭的首席法官；", "4. 正当得体", "(a) 法官必须展现并倡导高标准的司法行为，以增强人们对联合国内部司法廉正的信任；", "(b) 除执行司法职务之外，法官不得公开评论法庭待决的任何案件的案情实质，或者发表根据合理预期可能会影响诉讼程序的结果或损害明显的程序公平的评论；", "(c) 法官受专业保密义务的约束，须对与其他法官一起的评议以及在履行职责过程中获得的保密信息予以保密；", "(d) 法官与其他公民无异，享有言论、信仰、结社及集会自由，惟于行使这些自由时，法官必须适当顾及本《守则》所载价值观和原则；", "(e) 法官不得使用或借用司法职务的声望，藉以推进法官本人、其家庭成员或任何其他人的私人利益，法官亦不得造成任何人可能对其施加不当影响的印象；", "(f) 法官在与作为当事方或法律代理人的工作人员以及在法官主持的法庭经常出庭的其他人之间的私人关系中，必须避免出现让人有理由担心存在偏袒或不公的情况；", "(g) 联合国争议法庭的全职法官不得开业当律师，但可以为家庭成员、朋友、慈善组织和类似机构无偿提供非正式咨询意见；", "(h) 法官应尽最大努力促进法庭的共同合作。为此，法官必须礼貌待人，尊重包括法庭工作人员在内的其他人的尊严；", "(i) 法官可以组织或加入法官协会；", "(j) 在适当且有效履行司法职责的前提下，法官可以参加任何合法活动，惟不得损害联合国司法职务在通情达理的社会成员心目中的声誉；", "5. 透明度", "法官必须遵循司法公开原则，即必须让人们看到正义得到伸张，并且必须采取合理步骤确保法庭在处理案件时遵循这一原则；", "6. 诉讼程序公平", "(a) 法官必须在公平的诉讼程序中得出事实结论和应用适当的法律，藉此解决争议。这包括以下职责：", "㈠ 从文字和精神两方面遵守“听取另一方”(audi alteram partem)的规则；", "㈡ 保持明显的公正性；", "㈢ 公布所作裁决的理由；", "(b) 法官不得以种族主义、性别歧视或其他歧视方式行事。法官必须维护并尊重《联合国宪章》、《世界人权宣言》和《公民及政治权利国际公约》所载原则。法官不得以言语或行为不公平地歧视任何个人或群体，亦不得滥用赋予其的权力和权威；", "(c) 法官不得允许法庭工作人员、在法庭上出庭的法律代理人或受法官领导或控制的其他人以种族主义、性别歧视或其他歧视方式行事；", "(d) 法官有义务防止证人和当事方在法庭诉讼程序中遭受骚扰和欺侮；", "(e) 法官在司法程序中必须礼貌对待法律代理人、当事方、证人、法庭工作人员、其他法官和公众，并要求上述人员礼貌待人；", "7. 称职与尽责", "(a) 法官必须尽力履行被指派的所有司法职责，包括与司法职务或法庭运作有关的任务，应以高效、专业的方式从速处理司法工作；", "(b) 法官必须从速对案件做出判决或裁定。除非有特殊情况，法官应在听讯结束或书面陈述完结后三个月内做出判决；联合国上诉法庭法官应在定案的庭期结束后三个月内做出判决；", "(c) 法官必须配合对其职务行为进行的正式调查；", "(d) 法官不得从事有损于有效快速进行司法工作或法庭工作的行为；", "(e) 法官从事司法工作期间，必须在其正常工作时间内根据法庭成员的决定在分庭出庭，并在规定时间内参加法庭听讯和评议，除非有正当理由不这样做。如果不能出席，法官必须提前告知法庭的首席法官。法官如果拟缺勤超过三天，必须得到法庭首席法官的批准；", "(f) 法官必须尊重并遵守其所在法庭首席法官的合理行政要求；", "(g) 法官必须采取合理步骤，维持必要的专业能力水平并了解国际行政和就业法的有关发展情况以及国际人权规范；", "(h) 法官的司法职责重于其他职责和活动。", "[1] ¹ A/65/86。", "[2] ² A/66/158。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Sixth Committee (A/66/481)]", "66/106. Code of conduct for the judges of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal and the United Nations Appeals Tribunal", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 62/228 of 22 December 2007, in which it decided that the Internal Justice Council should draft a code of conduct for the judges of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal and the United Nations Appeals Tribunal, for consideration by the General Assembly,", "Recalling also the invitation, made in the relevant resolutions, to the Sixth Committee to consider the legal aspects of the administration of justice at the United Nations, without prejudice to the role of the Fifth Committee as the Main Committee entrusted with responsibilities for administrative and budgetary matters,", "Having considered the reports of the Internal Justice Council submitted to the General Assembly at its sixty-fifth[1] and sixty-sixth[2] sessions, which contain in the annexes thereto the draft text of a code of conduct for the judges of the Tribunals,", "Expressing its appreciation to the Internal Justice Council for preparing the draft code of conduct for the judges,", "Approves the code of conduct for the judges of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal and the United Nations Appeals Tribunal, as set out in the annex to the present resolution.", "82nd plenary meeting 9 December 2011", "Annex", "Code of conduct for the judges of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal and the United Nations Appeals Tribunal", "Preamble", "Whereas the Charter of the United Nations affirms, inter alia, the determination of Member States to establish conditions under which justice can be maintained to achieve international cooperation in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms without any discrimination,", "Whereas the Universal Declaration of Human Rights recognizes as fundamental the principle that everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of rights and obligations,", "Whereas this right is endorsed and elaborated upon in a range of important international human rights instruments, including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,", "Whereas the General Assembly, in paragraph 4 of its resolution 61/261 of 4 April 2007, decided to establish an independent, transparent, professionalized, adequately resourced and decentralized system of administration of justice consistent with the relevant rules of international law and the principles of the rule of law and due process to ensure respect for the rights and obligations of staff members and the accountability of managers and staff members alike,", "Whereas the fair resolution of employment grievances will contribute to efficiency in the work carried out by the United Nations and enhance the integrity of the Organization,", "Whereas public confidence in the internal justice system and in the moral authority and integrity of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal and the United Nations Appeals Tribunal is of the utmost importance within the working environment of the United Nations,", "Whereas it is essential that judges, individually and collectively, respect and honour judicial office as a public trust, and strive to enhance and maintain confidence in the internal justice system,", "And whereas the Basic Principles on the Independence of the Judiciary are designed to secure and promote the independence of judicial bodies, and can provide guidance for the internal administration of justice,", "The following values and principles are adopted to establish standards for the conduct of the judges of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal and the United Nations Appeals Tribunal, to provide guidance to those judges and also to assist the staff and management of the United Nations to better understand and support the work of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal and the United Nations Appeals Tribunal within the United Nations:", "1. Independence", "(a) Judges must uphold the independence and integrity of the internal justice system of the United Nations and must act independently in the performance of their duties, free of any inappropriate influences, inducements, pressures or threats from any party or quarter;", "(b) In order to protect the institutional independence of the Tribunals, judges must take all reasonable steps to ensure that no person, party, institution or State interferes, directly or indirectly, with the Tribunals;", "2. Impartiality", "(a) Judges must act without fear, favour, or prejudice in all matters that they adjudicate;", "(b) Judges must ensure that their conduct at all times maintains the confidence of all in the impartiality of the Tribunals;", "(c) Judges must recuse themselves from a case if:", "(i) They have a conflict of interest;", "(ii) It may reasonably appear to a properly informed person that they have a conflict of interest;", "(iii) They have personal knowledge of disputed evidentiary facts concerning the proceedings;", "(d) Judges must not recuse themselves on insubstantial grounds. Judges must provide reasons when they decide an application for recusal;", "(e) Judges must disclose to the parties in good time any matter that could reasonably be perceived to give rise to an application for recusal in a particular matter;", "(f) Judges must not participate in the determination of a case in which any member of their family is a litigant or represents a litigant, or in the outcome of which any member of their family has a significant interest;", "(g) In order to determine whether they should recuse themselves from any matter, judges must be aware of their personal and fiduciary financial interests and shall, as far as reasonably possible, make efforts to be informed about the financial interests of members of their immediate family;", "(h) (i) Judges must not directly or indirectly negotiate or accept any remuneration, income, compensation, gift, advantage or privilege that is incompatible with judicial office or that can reasonably be perceived either as a reward or as likely to influence them in favour of a particular party;", "(ii) Judges may receive a token gift, decoration, award or benefit that does not result in the incompatibility or reasonable perception referred to in subparagraph (h) (i) above;", "(i) Judges must not engage in financial, political or business dealings or activities, including fund-raising activities, that are inconsistent with, and reflect adversely upon, the independence and impartiality required by their status as judges, that may reasonably be perceived to exploit the judge’s judicial position, or that are in any other way incompatible with judicial office in the United Nations;", "3. Integrity", "(a) Judges must be of high moral character and always, and not only in the discharge of their duties, act honourably and in accordance with the values and principles set out in the present Code;", "(b) Judges at all times, including periods when they are not on official business, must comply with the law of the country in which they live, work or visit;", "(c) Judges must inform the presiding judge of their Tribunal should they suffer from an illness or other condition that might threaten the performance of their duties;", "4. Propriety", "(a) Judges must exhibit and promote high standards of judicial conduct to reinforce confidence in the integrity of the administration of justice at the United Nations;", "(b) Save in the discharge of judicial office, judges must not comment publicly on the merits of any case pending before the Tribunals or make any comment that might reasonably be expected to affect the outcome of such proceedings or impair the manifest fairness of the process;", "(c) Judges are bound by professional duties of confidentiality with regard to deliberations with judicial colleagues and confidential information acquired in the course of their duties;", "(d) Judges, like other citizens, are entitled to freedom of expression, belief, association and assembly, but must exercise these freedoms with due regard to the values and principles set out in the present Code;", "(e) Judges must not use or lend the prestige of judicial office to advance the private interests of the judge, a member of the judge’s family or anyone else, nor shall judges convey the impression that anyone is in a position to influence them improperly;", "(f) In their personal relations with individual staff members who are parties, legal representatives and others who appear regularly in the Tribunal presided over by them, judges must avoid situations which might give rise to the reasonable apprehension of favouritism or partiality;", "(g) Full-time judges of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal must not practise law, but may give informal advice to family members, friends, charitable organizations and the like without remuneration;", "(h) Judges should use their best endeavours to foster collegiality in the Tribunals. In so doing they must act courteously and respect the dignity of others, including members of the Tribunal staff;", "(i) Judges may form or join associations of judges;", "(j) Subject to the proper and effective performance of judicial duties, a judge may engage in any lawful activity as long as it does not bring the judicial office in the United Nations into disrepute in the mind of reasonable members of the community;", "5. Transparency", "Judges must observe the principle of open justice, namely that justice must be seen to be done, and take reasonable steps to ensure that this principle is honoured in the manner in which cases before the Tribunals are handled;", "6. Fairness in the conduct of proceedings", "(a) Judges must resolve disputes by making findings of fact and applying the appropriate law in fair proceedings. This includes the duty to:", "(i) Observe the letter and spirit of the audi alteram partem (“hear the other side”) rule;", "(ii) Remain manifestly impartial;", "(iii) Publish reasons for any decision;", "(b) Judges must not conduct themselves in a manner that is racist, sexist or otherwise discriminatory. They must uphold and respect the principles set out in the Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Judges must not by word or conduct unfairly discriminate against any individual or group of individuals, or abuse the power and authority vested in them;", "(c) Judges must not permit Tribunal staff or legal representatives appearing before the Tribunals, or others under their direction or control, to act in a manner that is racist, sexist or otherwise discriminatory;", "(d) Judges have a duty to protect witnesses and parties from harassment and bullying during Tribunal proceedings;", "(e) When conducting judicial proceedings, judges must act courteously to legal representatives, parties, witnesses, Tribunal staff, judicial colleagues and the public, and require them to act courteously;", "7. Competence and diligence", "(a) Judges must perform all assigned judicial duties, including tasks relevant to the judicial office or the operation of the Tribunals, diligently and dispose of judicial work promptly in an efficient and professional manner;", "(b) Judges must give judgement or rulings in a case promptly. Judgements should be given no later than three months from the end of the hearing or the close of pleadings or, in the case of the United Nations Appeals Tribunal, from the end of the session in which the matter is decided, unless there are exceptional circumstances;", "(c) Judges must cooperate with any formal inquiry into their conduct in office;", "(d) Judges must not engage in conduct that is prejudicial to the effective and expeditious administration of justice or the work of the Tribunal;", "(e) When engaged in the administration of justice, judges must attend chambers during their normal working hours, as determined by the members of the Tribunal, and attend hearings and deliberations of the Tribunal during stipulated hours, unless they have a good reason not to do so. Judges must inform the presiding judge of the Tribunal in advance if they need to be absent. If they are to be absent for longer than three days, they must obtain the approval of the presiding judge of their Tribunal;", "(f) Judges must respect and comply with the reasonable administrative requests of the presiding judge of the Tribunal of which they are members;", "(g) Judges must take reasonable steps to maintain the necessary level of professional competence and to keep themselves informed about relevant developments in international administrative and employment law, as well as international human rights norms;", "(h) Judges’ judicial duties must take precedence over other duties and activities.", "[1]  A/65/86.", "[2]  A/66/158." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Sixth Committee (A/66/481)]", "06. Code of Conduct for Judges of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal and the United Nations Appeals Tribunal", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 62/228 of 22 December 2007, in which it decided that the draft code of conduct for judges of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal and the United Nations Appeals Tribunal would be prepared by the Internal Justice Council for consideration by the General Assembly,", "Recalling also the relevant resolutions requesting the Sixth Committee to consider the legal aspects of the administration of justice of the United Nations, without prejudice to the role of the Fifth Committee as a Main Committee responsible for administrative and budgetary matters,", "Having considered the report of the Internal Justice Council to the sixty-fifth session of the General Assembly and the report of the sixty-sixth session of the Conference [2], which contains the draft code of conduct for judges of the Tribunals,", "Appreciation of the draft Code of Conduct for Judges prepared by the Internal Justice Council,", "Approves the Code of Conduct for Judges of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal and the United Nations Appeals Tribunal, as set out in the annex to the present resolution.", "9 December 2011", "82nd plenary meeting", "Annex", "Code of Conduct for judges of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal and the United Nations Appeals Tribunal", "preamble", "Given that the Charter of the United Nations, inter alia, addresses other matters, affirms the determination of Member States to create an appropriate environment, to maintain justice, to promote international cooperation, to promote and encourage respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms without discrimination,", "Given that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights recognizes that a fundamental principle is the full and equal right of all to determine rights and obligations by independent and impartial courts through fair public interrogations,", "Given that this right is recognized and elaborated in a number of important international human rights instruments, including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,", "In view of the decision of the General Assembly in paragraph 4 of its resolution 61/261 of 4 April 2007 to establish a new system of administration of justice that is independent, transparent, professional, adequate resources and decentralized, in accordance with the relevant rules of international law and the principles of the rule of law and due process, to ensure respect for the rights and obligations of staff and accountability for managers and staff,", "Given that fair resolution of employment complaints will contribute to the efficient work of the United Nations and to strengthening the integrity of the Organization,", "Given the importance of public confidence in the system of administration of justice and confidence in the moral authority and integrity of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal and the United Nations Appeals Tribunal in the context of its work,", "Given that the individual and all of the judges must respect their judicial responsibilities, depending on their public trust and endeavour to promote and maintain confidence in the system of administration of justice,", "Also, given that the Basic Principles on the Independence of the Judiciary are aimed at achieving and promoting the independence of the judiciary, guidance can be provided for the administration of justice,", "The following values and principles have been adopted to establish the standards of conduct of judges of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal and the United Nations Appeals Tribunal, to provide guidance to judges, and to assist United Nations staff and managers to better understand and support the work of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal and the United Nations Appeals Tribunal within the United Nations:", "Independence", "(a) The independence and integrity of the United Nations system of administration of justice must be preserved by judges and must be carried out independently, without undue influence, inducement, pressure or threat from any party or party;", "(b) To protect the institutional independence of the Tribunal, the judges must take all reasonable steps to ensure that individuals, parties, institutions or States may not interfere directly or indirectly with the work of the Tribunal;", "Fairness", "(a) Judges must act in a manner free, non-biased and unbiased manner when dealing with all matters;", "(b) The judges must ensure that all persons maintain confidence in the impartiality of the Tribunal at any time;", "(c) If the case arises, the judge must avoid the case on its own.", "(i) There is a conflict of interest among judges;", "(ii) The judges have a conflict of interest, in accordance with the reasonable views of the person properly informed;", "(iii) Individuals of judges are aware of the facts of controversial evidence relating to proceedings;", "(d) Judges shall not be subjected to self-evasion for non-substantive reasons. The grounds must be explained by the judges when deciding to apply for their own circumventation;", "(e) The need for judges to disclose to the parties, in a timely manner, the reasonableness of the matter considered to have led to the avoidance of the application;", "(f) If any family member of the judge is a party to the case or a person acting on behalf of the party, or if there is a significant interest in the outcome of the case, the judge shall not participate in the decision of the case;", "(g) In order to determine whether a matter should be avoided by themselves, the judges must be informed of their personal financial interests and their financial interests as trustees and should make every effort, within a reasonable framework, to understand the financial interests of their immediate family members;", "(h) (i) The judge shall not communicate, directly or indirectly, or accept any remuneration, income, compensation, gifts, preferences or privileges that are incompatible with his or her judicial functions or may be reasonably deemed to be paid or may affect any remuneration, income, compensation, gifts, preferences or privileges which it favours a particular party;", "(ii) The judges may accept symbolic gifts, dressings, awards or benefits, and shall not result in the circumstances described in subparagraph (i) above that are incompatible with or reasonably deemed to be reasonably deemed to have their judicial functions;", "(i) The judges shall not engage in any financial, political or commercial transaction or activity that is inconsistent with or impairs the independence and impartiality required by their judges, including financing activities, provided that such transactions or activities may be reasonably deemed to be used by judges in the use of judicial functions or in any other manner incompatible with the judicial functions of the United Nations;", "Integrity", "(a) The judges must have a high degree of integrity, not only in the performance of their duties but also at all times, in conformity with the values and principles enshrined in the present Code;", "(b) Judges must comply with their laws governing their residence, work or visit to the State at any time, including during the absence of performance of their duties;", "(c) The Chief Judge of the Tribunal must be informed if the illness or other circumstances that may affect his or her duties;", "Statutory", "(a) The need for judges to demonstrate and advocate high standards of justice in order to enhance confidence in the integrity of the United Nations administration of justice;", "(b) In addition to the enforcement of judicial functions, judges shall not make public comments on the merits of any case to which the Court is to be decided, or make comments based on reasonable expectations that may affect the outcome of the proceedings or undermine the apparent fairness of the proceedings;", "(c) The judge is bound by a professional confidentiality obligation and must be kept confidential with regard to the review with other judges and the confidential information obtained in the performance of their duties;", "(d) The right of judges to freedom of expression, belief, association and assembly with other citizens, only when exercising these freedoms, must be given due regard to the values and principles enshrined in the present Code;", "(e) The judge shall not use or borrow the reputation of the judicial office to advance the private interests of the judge himself, his family or any other person, nor shall the judge give the impression that any person may have undue impact on him or her;", "(f) In private relations between judges and staff serving as parties or legal agents, as well as other persons regularly present in the courts chaired by judges, there must be no reason for fear of bias or omission;", "(g) Full-time judges of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal shall not be allowed to enter into a lawyer, but may provide informal advice to family members, friends, charitable organizations and similar institutions without compensation;", "(h) Judges should do their utmost to promote the common cooperation of the Tribunal. To that end, judges must be kept in mind and respect other human dignity, including the staff of the Tribunal;", "(i) Judges may organize or join the Association of Judges;", "(j) Subject to the appropriate and effective discharge of judicial responsibilities, the judges may participate in any lawful activity and shall not undermine the reputation of the United Nations judicial office in the minds of the members of the society in which it is justified;", "Transparency", "Judges must follow the principle of the public administration of justice that justice must be given to everyone and must take reasonable steps to ensure that the Court is guided by that principle in dealing with cases;", "Fairness of proceedings", "(a) Judges must draw factual conclusions and apply appropriate laws in fair proceedings to resolve disputes. This includes the following responsibilities:", "(i) To comply with the rules “to hear the other” (audi alteram partem) in both words and spirits;", "(ii) Maintain a clear impartiality;", "(iii) Publication of the reasons for the decision;", "(b) Judges shall not be subjected to acts of racism, gender discrimination or other discrimination. Judges must uphold and respect the principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Judges shall not discriminate against any person or group in a language or act in an unfair manner, nor shall they abuse their powers and authority;", "(c) The judge shall not allow the staff of the Tribunal, the legal representative of the court or other persons under the leadership or control of the judge to act in a manner of racism, gender discrimination or other discrimination;", "(d) The obligation of judges to prevent harassment and abuse by witnesses and parties in court proceedings;", "(e) The need for judges to deal with legal agents, parties, witnesses, court staff, other judges and the general public in judicial proceedings, and to request that the above-mentioned persons be kept in mind;", "Mandate and due diligence", "(a) The judges must make every effort to discharge all the judicial responsibilities assigned, including those relating to the functioning of the judicial or court, and should deal with judicial work in an efficient and professional manner;", "(b) Judges must make judgements or decisions on cases promptly. Subject to exceptional circumstances, the judge shall make a judgement within three months of the end of the hearing or the completion of the written presentation; the Judge of the United Nations Appeals Tribunal shall make a judgement within three months of the end of the scheduled period;", "(c) The judges must cooperate in the conduct of their functions;", "(d) Judges shall not engage in acts that undermine the effective and expeditious conduct of judicial or court work;", "(e) In the course of judicial work, judges must appear before the Chamber in accordance with the decisions of the members of the Tribunal within their normal working hours and participate in the hearings and deliberations of the Court within the specified time period, unless there is any justification for this. If they cannot be present, the judge must inform the Chief Justice of the Tribunal in advance. If judges are to be absent more than three days, they must be approved by the Chief Justice of the Tribunal;", "(f) The judges must respect and respect the reasonable administrative requirements of their chief judges;", "(g) Judges must take reasonable steps to maintain the necessary level of professional capacity and to understand relevant developments in international administrative and employment law and international human rights norms;", "(h) The judicial responsibility of judges rests with other duties and activities.", "1 A/65/86.", "[2] 2A/64/258." ]

[ "2011年12月9日大会决议", "[根据第六委员会的报告(A/66/481)通过]", "66/107. 联合国上诉法庭程序规则修正案", "大会，", "回顾其2008年12月24日第63/253号决议，据此通过了该决议附件一和二所列《联合国争议法庭规约》和《联合国上诉法庭规约》，", "又回顾《联合国争议法庭规约》第7条第1款和《联合国上诉法庭规约》第6条第1款，", "还回顾联合国争议法庭程序规则[1] 第37条第1和2款以及联合国上诉法庭程序规则[2] 第32条第1和2款，", "审议了秘书长的报告，[3]", "1. 核准本决议附件所列联合国上诉法庭程序规则修正案；", "2. 决定不核准A/66/86号文件附件一所载联合国争议法庭于2010年12月14日按照其程序规则第37条第1款通过的对该法庭的程序规则第19条(案件管理)的修正案。", "2011年12月9日", "第82次全体会议", "附件", "联合国上诉法庭程序规则修正案", "第4条 分庭", "2. 如果庭长或某一具体案件的任何两名审案法官认为根据案情有正当理由，应由上诉法庭全体法官审理该案件。如果上诉法庭全体法官的表决出现赞同与反对票数相等的局面，庭长有权投决定票。", "第9条 答复、交互上诉和对交互上诉的答复", "4. 答复上诉的当事方可在上诉通知发出后45天内向上诉法庭提出交互上诉，附上不超过15页的书状，在其中说明所寻求的补救和提出交互上诉的理由。交互上诉不得增加新的权利主张。", "6. 第9条第1至3款和第9条第5款的规定比照适用于交互上诉和对交互上诉的答复。", "第18条之二 案件管理", "1. 庭长可在任何时候根据当事方的申请或自行下达任何命令，只要在庭长看来，这样做对公平、迅速处理案件并使各当事方获得司法公正来说是适当的。", "2. 如果上诉人在案件审理开庭之日前将其希望终止诉讼程序的意向书面告知上诉法庭，并通知被告，庭长可命令将此案从登记册中删除。", "3. 如果某项诉讼已失去意义，无需加以裁决，庭长在将相关意图告知各当事方并在适用的情况下收到当事方意见之后，可在任何时候自行通过一项附有理由的命令。", "4. 庭长可指定一名法官或一个分庭根据本条规定发出任何命令。", "第19条 判决的通过与作出", "2. 判决应书面作出，并应说明判决所依据的理由、事实和法律。当即判决可在任何时候作出，即使在上诉法庭不开庭时亦然。当即判决应由庭长指定的三名法官组成的分庭通过。", "[1] ¹ 第64/119号决议，附件一。", "[2] ² 同上，附件二。", "[3] ³ A/66/86和Add.1。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Sixth Committee (A/66/481)]", "66/107. Amendments to the rules of procedure of the United Nations Appeals Tribunal", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 63/253 of 24 December 2008, in which it adopted the statutes of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal and the United Nations Appeals Tribunal, as set out in annexes I and II to that resolution,", "Recalling also article 7, paragraph 1, of the statute of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal and article 6, paragraph 1, of the statute of the United Nations Appeals Tribunal,", "Recalling further article 37, paragraphs 1 and 2, of the rules of procedure of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal,[1] as well as article 32, paragraphs 1 and 2, of the rules of procedure of the United Nations Appeals Tribunal,[2]", "Having considered the report of the Secretary-General,[3]", "1. Approves the amendments to the rules of procedure of the United Nations Appeals Tribunal, as set out in the annex to the present resolution;", "2. Decides not to approve the amendment to article 19 (Case management) of the rules of procedure of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal contained in annex I of document A/66/86 and adopted by the Tribunal on 14 December 2010 in accordance with article 37, paragraph 1, of the rules of procedure.", "82nd plenary meeting 9 December 2011", "Annex", "Amendments to the rules of procedure of the United Nations Appeals Tribunal", "Article 4 Panels", "2. When the President or any two judges sitting on a particular case consider that the case so warrants, the case shall be heard by the whole Appeals Tribunal. If there is a tie in the voting by the judges of the whole Appeals Tribunal, the President shall have a casting vote.", "Article 9 Answers, cross-appeals and answers to cross-appeals", "4. Within 45 days of notification of the appeal, a party answering the appeal may file a cross-appeal, accompanied by a brief which shall not exceed 15 pages, with the Appeals Tribunal stating the relief sought and the grounds of the cross-appeal. The cross-appeal may not add new claims.", "6. The provisions of article 9.1 to 9.3 and 9.5 apply, mutatis mutandis, to a cross-appeal and answer to a cross-appeal.", "Article 18 bis Case management", "1. The President may, at any time, either on a motion of a party or of his or her own volition, issue any order which appears to be appropriate for the fair and expeditious management of the case and to do justice to the parties.", "2. If, before the opening date of the session during which the case is to be considered, the appellant informs the Appeals Tribunal, in writing, with notice to the respondent, that he or she wishes to discontinue the proceedings, the President may order the case to be removed from the register.", "3. If an action has become devoid of purpose and there is no longer any need to adjudicate it, the President may, at any time, of his or her own volition, after having informed the parties of that intention and, if applicable, received their observations, adopt a reasoned order.", "4. The President may designate a judge or a panel of judges to issue any order within the purview of the present article.", "Article 19 Adoption and issuance of judgements", "2. Judgements shall be issued in writing and shall state the reasons, facts and law on which they are based. Summary judgements may be issued at any time, even when the Appeals Tribunal is not in session. They shall be adopted by panels of three judges designated by the President.", "[1]  Resolution 64/119, annex I.", "[2]  Ibid., annex II.", "[3]  A/66/86 and Add.1." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Sixth Committee (A/66/481)]", "Amendments to the rules of procedure of the United Nations Appeals Tribunal", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 63/253 of 24 December 2008, by which it adopted the statute of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal and the statute of the United Nations Appeals Tribunal as set out in annexes I and II of the resolution,", "Recalling also article 7, paragraph 1, of the statute of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal and article 6, paragraph 1, of the statute of the United Nations Appeals Tribunal,", "Recalling further article 37, paragraphs 1 and 2, of the rules of procedure of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal and rule [2] of the rules of procedure of the United Nations Appeals Tribunal,", "Having considered the report of the Secretary-General, [3]", "Approves the amendments to the rules of procedure of the United Nations Appeals Tribunal as set out in the annex to the present resolution;", "Decides not to approve the amendment to article 19, case management, of the rules of procedure of the Tribunal, adopted by the United Nations Dispute Tribunal in accordance with rule 37, paragraph 1, of its rules of procedure on 14 December 2010.", "9 December 2011", "82nd plenary meeting", "Annex", "Amendments to the rules of procedure of the United Nations Appeals Tribunal", "Article 4", "If the President or any two ad litem judges in a particular case consider that the case is justified on the merits, the case shall be heard by all judges of the Appeals Tribunal. If the vote of all judges of the Appeals Tribunal arises in favour of an equal number of votes, the President has the right to vote.", "Article 9 Responses, mutual appeals and responses to mutual appeals", "The parties that responded to the appeal may submit mutual appeals to the Appeals Tribunal within 45 days of the issuance of the notice of the appeal, attach a statement not exceeding 15 pages, indicating the remedies sought and the reasons for mutual appeals. The mutual appeal shall not add new claims of rights.", "Paragraphs 1 to 3 and 9, paragraph 5, apply mutatis mutandis to mutual appeals and responses to mutual appeals.", "Case management", "The President may, at any time, make any orders based on the application of the parties or on his own initiative, which, in the view of the President, is appropriate for fair, prompt handling of cases and for the parties to obtain justice.", "If the appellate informs the Appeals Tribunal in writing of its intention to terminate the proceedings before the date of the trial of the case and informs the accused, the President may order the deletion of the matter from the registry.", "If an action has been lost and no decision is required, the President may, at any time, adopt a order with justification, after informing the parties concerned of the intention and receiving the views of the parties if applicable.", "The President may designate a judge or a Chamber to issue any order under this article.", "Article 19", "The judgement shall be made in writing and shall state the grounds, facts and laws on which the judgement is based. When a judgement may be made at any time, even when the Appeal Tribunal is not sitting. The judgement shall be adopted by a Chamber of three judges appointed by the President.", "Annex I", "[2] 2 Ibid., annex II.", "[3] 3A/66/86 and Add.1." ]

[ "2011年12月9日大会决议", "[根据第六委员会的报告(A/66/482)通过]", "66/108. 东道国关系委员会的报告", "大会，", "审议了东道国关系委员会的报告，[1]", "回顾《联合国宪章》第一百零五条、《联合国特权和豁免公约》、[2] 《联合国和美利坚合众国间关于联合国总部的协定》[3] 以及东道国的责任，", "又回顾依照大会1971年12月15日第2819(XXVI)号决议第7段的规定，该委员会应审议《联合国和美利坚合众国间关于联合国总部的协定》的实施所引起的问题，并就此向东道国提出意见，", "认识到东道国主管当局应继续采取有效措施，特别是防止任何侵犯代表团及其人员安全的行为，", "1. 赞同东道国关系委员会的报告¹ 第39段所载的建议和结论；", "2. 认为维持适当条件使出席和派驻联合国的代表团能够正常工作，并遵守极其重要的特权和豁免，符合联合国和所有会员国的利益；请东道国继续通过谈判解决可能出现的问题，并采取一切必要措施防止各代表团的运作受到任何干扰；敦促东道国继续采取适当行动，诸如培训警察、安全官员、海关官员和边境管制官员，以期维持对外交特权和豁免的尊重，并在发生侵犯特权和豁免的情况时，确保这类案件按照适用法律得到适当调查和补救；", "3. 注意到一些常驻代表团在《外交车辆泊车方案》[4] 的实施方面所遇到的问题，并注意到委员会将继续处理此事，以期继续使该《泊车方案》以公平、不歧视、有效因而符合国际法的方式得到适当实施；", "4. 请东道国考虑取消其对某些代表团的工作人员和秘书处某些国籍的工作人员实施的其余旅行限制，在这方面注意到受影响国、秘书长和东道国的长期立场；", "5. 注意到一些代表团对会员国代表入境签证遭拒和被拖延表示关切；", "6. 又注意到委员会预期东道国将继续加大努力，根据《联合国和美利坚合众国间关于联合国总部的协定》³ 第四条第十一节的规定，确保及时向会员国代表签发入境签证，使他们能够前往纽约进行联合国的事务，并注意到委员会预期东道国将继续加大努力，酌情提供便利，包括签发入境签证，使会员国代表能够参加联合国其他会议；", "7. 还注意到一些代表团要求缩短东道国对签发会员国代表入境签证实施的时间规定，因为这一时间规定对会员国全面参与联合国会议造成困难；", "8. 注意到对摩根大通银行关于在2011年3月31日前关闭各常驻联合国代表团的所有账户的决定表示的关切，欢迎东道国努力便利各常驻代表团在其他金融机构开设银行账户；", "9. 赞赏东道国作出的努力，并希望继续本着合作精神和依照国际法解决在委员会会议上提出的问题；", "10. 申明委员会必须能够履行职责，在短时间内召集会议，以处理有关联合国与东道国间关系的紧急和重要事项，并在这方面请秘书处和会议委员会在不影响大会及其各主要委员会的需要的情况下，在“有资源可用”的基础上，优先考虑东道国关系委员会为必须在这些机构开会期间举行的该委员会会议提出的会议服务设施要求；", "11. 请秘书长继续积极处理联合国与东道国关系的所有方面事务；", "12. 请委员会继续按照大会第2819(XXVI)号决议进行工作；", "13. 决定将题为“东道国关系委员会的报告”的项目列入大会第六十七届会议临时议程。", "2011年12月9日", "第82次全体会议", "[1] ¹ 《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第26号》(A/66/26)。", "[2] ² 第22A(I)号决议。", "[3] ³ 见第169(II)号决议。", "[4] ⁴ A/AC.154/355，附件。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Sixth Committee (A/66/482)]", "66/108. Report of the Committee on Relations with the Host Country", "The General Assembly,", "Having considered the report of the Committee on Relations with the Host Country,[1]", "Recalling Article 105 of the Charter of the United Nations, the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations,[2] the Agreement between the United Nations and the United States of America regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations[3] and the responsibilities of the host country,", "Recalling also that, in accordance with paragraph 7 of General Assembly resolution 2819 (XXVI) of 15 December 1971, the Committee should consider, and advise the host country on, issues arising in connection with the implementation of the Agreement between the United Nations and the United States of America regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations,", "Recognizing that effective measures should continue to be taken by the competent authorities of the host country, in particular to prevent any acts violating the security of missions and the safety of their personnel,", "1. Endorses the recommendations and conclusions of the Committee on Relations with the Host Country contained in paragraph 39 of its report;¹", "2. Considers that the maintenance of appropriate conditions for the normal work of the delegations and the missions accredited to the United Nations and the observance of their privileges and immunities, which is an issue of great importance, are in the interest of the United Nations and all Member States, and requests the host country to continue to solve, through negotiations, problems that might arise and to take all measures necessary to prevent any interference with the functioning of missions; and urges the host country to continue to take appropriate action, such as training of police, security, customs and border control officers, with a view to maintaining respect for diplomatic privileges and immunities and if violations occur to ensure that such cases are properly investigated and remedied, in accordance with applicable law;", "3. Notes the problems experienced by some permanent missions in connection with the implementation of the Parking Programme for Diplomatic Vehicles,[4] and notes that the Committee shall remain seized of the matter, with a view to continuing to maintain the proper implementation of the Parking Programme in a manner that is fair, non-discriminatory, effective and therefore consistent with international law;", "4. Requests the host country to consider removing the remaining travel restrictions imposed by it on staff of certain missions and staff members of the Secretariat of certain nationalities, and in this regard notes the long-standing positions of affected States, of the Secretary-General and of the host country;", "5. Notes the concerns expressed by some delegations concerning the denial and delay of entry visas to representatives of Member States;", "6. Also notes that the Committee anticipates that the host country will continue to enhance its efforts to ensure the issuance of entry visas, in a timely manner, to representatives of Member States, pursuant to article IV, section 11, of the Agreement between the United Nations and the United States of America regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations³ to travel to New York on United Nations business, and that the Committee anticipates that the host country will continue to enhance efforts, including visa issuance, to facilitate the participation of representatives of Member States in other United Nations meetings, as appropriate;", "7. Further notes that a number of delegations have requested shortening the time frame applied by the host country for issuance of entry visas to representatives of Member States, since this time frame poses difficulties for the full-fledged participation of Member States in United Nations meetings;", "8. Notes the concerns over the decision by JPMorgan Chase Bank to close all bank accounts held by Permanent Missions to the United Nations by 31 March 2011, and welcomes the efforts of the host country to facilitate the opening of bank accounts for permanent missions with other financial institutions;", "9. Expresses its appreciation for the efforts made by the host country, and hopes that the issues raised at the meetings of the Committee will continue to be resolved in a spirit of cooperation and in accordance with international law;", "10. Affirms the importance of the Committee being in a position to fulfil its mandate and meet on short notice to deal with urgent and important matters concerning the relations between the United Nations and the host country, and in that connection requests the Secretariat and the Committee on Conferences to accord priority to requests from the Committee on Relations with the Host Country for conference-servicing facilities for meetings of that Committee that must be held while the General Assembly and its Main Committees are meeting, without prejudice to the requirements of those bodies and on an “as available” basis;", "11. Requests the Secretary-General to remain actively engaged in all aspects of the relations of the United Nations with the host country;", "12. Requests the Committee to continue its work in conformity with General Assembly resolution 2819 (XXVI);", "13. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the item entitled “Report of the Committee on Relations with the Host Country”.", "82nd plenary meeting 9 December 2011", "[1]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 26 (A/66/26).", "[2]  Resolution 22 A (I).", "[3]  See resolution 169 (II).", "[4]  A/AC.154/355, annex." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Sixth Committee (A/66/482)]", "Report of the Committee on Relations with the Host Country", "The General Assembly,", "Having considered the report of the Committee on Relations with the Host Country,", "Recalling Article 105 of the Charter of the United Nations, the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations, the Agreement between the United Nations and the United States of America concerning United Nations Headquarters [3] and the responsibility of the host country,", "Recalling also that, in accordance with paragraph 7 of General Assembly resolution 2819 (XXVI) of 15 December 1971, the Committee shall consider the issues arising from the implementation of the Agreement between the United Nations and the United States of America on United Nations Headquarters and shall submit its views thereon to the host country,", "Recognizing that the competent authorities of the host country should continue to take effective measures, in particular to prevent any violations of the security of delegations and their personnel,", "Endorses the recommendations and conclusions contained in paragraph 39 of the report of the Committee on Relations with the Host Country;1", "Considers that the maintenance of appropriate conditions enable delegations present and accredited to the United Nations to work in a normal manner, in accordance with the interests of the United Nations and all Member States, requests the host country to continue to negotiate possible problems and to take all necessary measures to prevent any interference in the functioning of delegations; and urges the host country to continue to take appropriate action, such as training police, security officials, customs officers and border control officers, with a view to maintaining respect for diplomatic privileges and immunities and to ensure that such cases are properly investigated and remedied in accordance with applicable law;", "Takes note of the problems encountered by a number of permanent missions in the implementation of the Programme of Diplomatic Vehicles [4], and notes that the Committee will continue to address this matter with a view to continuing to make the Cargo Programme properly implemented in a fair, non-discriminatory and effective manner consistent with international law;", "Requests the host country to consider removing the remaining travel restrictions imposed on the staff of certain delegations and the staff of certain nationalities of the Secretariat, noting in this regard the long-term position of the affected States, the Secretary-General and the host country;", "Takes note of the concern expressed by some delegations about the refusal and delay of entry visas to representatives of Member States;", "Also notes that the Committee anticipates that the host country will continue to intensify its efforts to ensure the timely issuance of entry visas to representatives of Member States, in accordance with article IV, section XI, of the Agreement between the United Nations and the United States of America on United Nations Headquarters, in order to enable them to travel to New York for United Nations affairs, and notes that the Committee expects that the host country will continue to intensify its efforts, as appropriate, to facilitate the participation of representatives of Member States in other United Nations meetings;", "Also notes that a number of delegations requested a reduction in the time frame for the issuance of visas to representatives of Member States, as this time provided for difficulties in the full participation of Member States in United Nations meetings;", "Takes note of the concern expressed by the large-scale bank in its decision to close all accounts of the Permanent Missions to the United Nations by 31 March 2011, and welcomes the efforts of the host country to facilitate the opening of bank accounts by permanent missions in other financial institutions;", "Expresses its appreciation to the host country for its efforts and hopes to continue to address the issues raised at the Committee's meetings in a spirit of cooperation and in accordance with international law;", "Affirms that the Committee must be able to perform its duties by convening meetings within a short period of time to deal with urgent and important matters relating to the relationship between the United Nations and the host country, and in this regard requests the Secretariat and the Committee on Conferences, without prejudice to the needs of the General Assembly and its Main Committees, to give priority to the request of the Committee on Relations with the Host Country for the conference-servicing facilities required for the meetings of the Committee to be held during those bodies;", "Requests the Secretary-General to continue actively addressing all aspects of the relationship between the United Nations and the host country;", "Requests the Committee to continue its work in accordance with General Assembly resolution 2819 (XXVI);", "Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the item entitled “Report of the Committee on Relations with the Host Country”.", "9 December 2011", "82nd plenary meeting", "1 Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 26 (A/64/26).", "[2] 2 Resolution 22A (I).", "[3] 3 See resolution 169 (II).", "[4] 4 A/AC.154/355, annex." ]

[ "2011年12月9日大会决议", "[根据第六委员会的报告(A/66/484)通过]", "66/109. 给予南美洲国家联盟大会观察员地位", "大会，", "希望促进联合国同南美洲国家联盟之间的合作，", "1. 决定邀请南美洲国家联盟以观察员身份参加大会的届会和工作；", "2. 请秘书长采取必要行动执行本决议。", "2011年12月9日", "第82次全体会议" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Sixth Committee (A/66/484)]", "66/109. Observer status for the Union of South American Nations in the General Assembly", "The General Assembly,", "Wishing to promote cooperation between the United Nations and the Union of South American Nations,", "1. Decides to invite the Union of South American Nations to participate in the sessions and the work of the General Assembly in the capacity of observer;", "2. Requests the Secretary-General to take the necessary action to implement the present resolution.", "82nd plenary meeting 9 December 2011" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Sixth Committee (A/66/484)]", "Observer status for the International Union of South American States in the General Assembly", "The General Assembly,", "Desiring to promote cooperation between the United Nations and the South American National Alliance,", "Decides to invite the Alliance of South American States to participate in the sessions and work of the General Assembly as observers;", "Requests the Secretary-General to take the necessary action to implement the present resolution.", "9 December 2011", "82nd plenary meeting" ]

[ "2011年12月9日大会决议", "[根据第六委员会的报告(A/66/485)通过]", "66/110. 给予国际可再生能源机构大会观察员地位", "大会，", "希望促进联合国同国际可再生能源机构之间的合作，", "1. 决定邀请国际可再生能源机构以观察员身份参加大会的届会和工作；", "2. 请秘书长采取必要行动执行本决议。", "2011年12月9日", "第82次全体会议" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Sixth Committee (A/66/485)]", "66/110. Observer status for the International Renewable Energy Agency in the General Assembly", "The General Assembly,", "Wishing to promote cooperation between the United Nations and the International Renewable Energy Agency,", "1. Decides to invite the International Renewable Energy Agency to participate in the sessions and the work of the General Assembly in the capacity of observer;", "2. Requests the Secretary-General to take the necessary action to implement the present resolution.", "82nd plenary meeting 9 December 2011" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Sixth Committee (A/66/485)]", "Observer status for the International Renewable Energy Agency in the General Assembly", "The General Assembly,", "Desiring to promote cooperation between the United Nations and the International Renewable Energy Agency,", "Decides to invite the International Renewable Energy Agency to participate, as observers, in the sessions and work of the General Assembly;", "Requests the Secretary-General to take the necessary action to implement the present resolution.", "9 December 2011", "82nd plenary meeting" ]

[ "2011年12月9日大会决议", "[根据第六委员会的报告(A/66/486)通过]", "66/111. 给予“中欧倡议”大会观察员地位", "大会，", "希望促进联合国同“中欧倡议”之间的合作，", "1. 决定邀请“中欧倡议”以观察员身份参加大会的届会和工作；", "2. 请秘书长采取必要行动执行本决议。", "2011年12月9日", "第82次全体会议" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Sixth Committee (A/66/486)]", "66/111. Observer status for the Central European Initiative in the General Assembly", "The General Assembly,", "Wishing to promote cooperation between the United Nations and the Central European Initiative,", "1. Decides to invite the Central European Initiative to participate in the sessions and the work of the General Assembly in the capacity of observer;", "2. Requests the Secretary-General to take the necessary action to implement the present resolution.", "82nd plenary meeting 9 December 2011" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Sixth Committee (A/66/486)]", "Observer status for the Central European Initiative in the General Assembly", "The General Assembly,", "Desiring to promote cooperation between the United Nations and the Central European Initiative,", "Decides to invite the Central European Initiative to participate as observers in the sessions and work of the General Assembly;", "Requests the Secretary-General to take the necessary action to implement the present resolution.", "9 December 2011", "82nd plenary meeting" ]

[ "2011年12月9日大会决议", "[根据第六委员会的报告(A/66/488)通过]", "66/112. 给予政府间发展管理局大会观察员地位", "大会，", "希望促进联合国同政府间发展管理局之间的合作，", "1. 决定邀请政府间发展管理局以观察员身份参加大会的届会和工作；", "2. 请秘书长采取必要行动执行本决议。", "2011年12月9日", "第82次全体会议" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Sixth Committee (A/66/488)]", "66/112. Observer status for the Intergovernmental Authority on Development in the General Assembly", "The General Assembly,", "Wishing to promote cooperation between the United Nations and the Intergovernmental Authority on Development,", "1. Decides to invite the Intergovernmental Authority on Development to participate in the sessions and the work of the General Assembly in the capacity of observer;", "2. Requests the Secretary-General to take the necessary action to implement the present resolution.", "82nd plenary meeting 9 December 2011" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Sixth Committee (A/66/488)]", "Observer status for the Intergovernmental Authority on Development", "The General Assembly,", "Desiring to promote cooperation between the United Nations and the Intergovernmental Authority on Development,", "Decides to invite the Intergovernmental Authority on Development to participate, as observers, in the sessions and work of the General Assembly;", "Requests the Secretary-General to take the necessary action to implement the present resolution.", "9 December 2011", "82nd plenary meeting" ]

[ "2011年12月9日大会决议", "[根据第六委员会的报告(A/66/550)通过]", "66/113. 给予西非经济和货币联盟大会观察员地位", "大会，", "希望促进联合国同西非经济和货币联盟之间的合作，", "1. 决定邀请西非经济和货币联盟以观察员身份参加大会的届会和工作；", "2. 请秘书长采取必要行动执行本决议。", "2011年12月9日", "第82次全体会议" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Sixth Committee (A/66/550)]", "66/113. Observer status for the West African Economic and Monetary Union in the General Assembly", "The General Assembly,", "Wishing to promote cooperation between the United Nations and the West African Economic and Monetary Union,", "1. Decides to invite the West African Economic and Monetary Union to participate in the sessions and the work of the General Assembly in the capacity of observer;", "2. Requests the Secretary-General to take the necessary action to implement the present resolution.", "82nd plenary meeting 9 December 2011" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2011", "[on the report of the Sixth Committee (A/66/550)]", "Observer status for the General Assembly of the West African Economic and Monetary Union", "The General Assembly,", "Desiring to promote cooperation between the United Nations and the West African Economic and Monetary Union,", "Decides to invite the West African Economic and Monetary Union to participate as observers in the sessions and work of the General Assembly;", "Requests the Secretary-General to take the necessary action to implement the present resolution.", "9 December 2011", "82nd plenary meeting" ]

[ "2011年12月12日大会决议", "[未经发交主要委员会而通过(A/66/L.25和Add.1)]", "66/114. 奴隶制和跨大西洋贩卖奴隶行为受害者永久纪念碑和对受害者的纪念", "大会,", "回顾其题为“纪念废除跨大西洋贩卖奴隶二百周年”的2006年11月28日第61/19号决议及其后题为“奴隶制和跨大西洋贩卖奴隶行为受害者永久纪念碑和对受害者的纪念”的各项决议，", "又回顾指定每年的3月25日为奴隶制和跨大西洋贩卖奴隶行为受害者国际纪念日，", "确认人们对跨大西洋贩卖奴隶行为及其在全世界产生的持久影响知之甚少，欣见大会每年的纪念活动让更多的人注意到这一问题，包括在许多国家提高人们的认识，", "注意到各国采取举措，重申它们决心执行反对种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关的不容忍现象世界会议的《德班宣言》第101和102段，以便铲除奴隶制遗留下来的影响，协助为奴隶制和贩卖奴隶行为的受害者恢复尊严，[1]", "尤其回顾《德班宣言》第101段除其他外，邀请国际社会及其成员纪念受害者，", "强调必须教育今世后代，让他们了解奴隶制和跨大西洋贩卖奴隶行为的起因、后果和教训，", "回顾永久纪念碑倡议是对联合国教育、科学及文化组织在“贩奴之路”项目方面的现行工作，包括其纪念活动的补充，", "1. 赞同会员国倡议在联合国总部的某个显要位置竖立一座便于各位代表、联合国工作人员和游客观瞻的永久纪念碑，以承认悲剧的发生和念及奴隶制和跨大西洋贩卖奴隶行为遗留下来的影响；", "2. 回顾设立了一个由关注此事的国家组成的委员会来负责永久纪念碑项目，委员会成员来自世界所有地区，其中来自加勒比共同体和非洲联盟的会员国将与联合国教育、科学及文化组织，秘书处代表，纽约公共图书馆朔姆堡黑人文化研究中心和民间社会协作，发挥中心作用；", "3. 又回顾设立了一个称作“联合国伙伴关系信托基金——永久纪念碑”的信托基金，由联合国伙伴关系办公室管理，并注意到信托基金目前的捐款状况；[2]", "4. 确认有必要持续提供自愿捐款，以及时实现为奴隶制和跨大西洋贩卖奴隶行为受害者竖立一座永久纪念碑这一目标；", "5. 衷心感谢已经为信托基金捐款的会员国，鼓励更多的捐款，并邀请尚未捐款的会员国和其他关注此事的各方捐款；", "6. 请秘书长每年就奴隶制和跨大西洋贩卖奴隶行为受害者国际纪念日举办一系列纪念活动，包括在联合国总部举办大会纪念会议，并酌情通过联合国新闻中心网络举办各种活动；", "7. 请秘书处新闻部与有关国家和联合国系统有关组织及机构合作，继续采取适当措施，提高世界民众对纪念活动和永久纪念碑倡议的认识，并继续推动开展努力，在联合国总部竖立永久纪念碑；", "8. 重申大会在2009年11月16日第64/15号决议中请会员国根据本国立法制定教育方案，包括通过学校课程，教育后代，使他们了解奴隶制和贩卖奴隶行为的教训、历史和后果，并向秘书长提供此类资料，供秘书长收入其报告；", "9. 欣见联合国伙伴关系办公室，联合国教育、科学及文化组织和永久纪念碑委员会订立了三方谅解备忘录，作为合作实施纪念奴隶制和跨大西洋贩卖奴隶行为受害者倡议的框架；", "10. 又欣见最近为永久纪念碑举办了国际设计比赛，鼓励世界所有地区尽可能广泛参与并提交设计方案；", "11. 鼓励联合国教育、科学及文化组织协助永久纪念碑委员会物色符合资格的候选人,包括从其国际专家库中物色人选，以担任独立国际评委，负责评选获奖设计；", "12. 表示注意到秘书长关于跨大西洋贩卖奴隶和奴隶制宣传教育方案的报告[3] 阐述了多样化宣传教育战略，旨在教育后代，使之进一步认识跨大西洋贩卖奴隶行为的起因、后果、教训和遗留下来的影响，宣传种族主义和偏见的危害；鼓励继续在这方面采取行动；", "13. 请秘书长向大会第六十七届会议报告为执行宣传教育方案而持续采取的行动，包括会员国为执行本决议采取的行动，以及为提高世界民众对纪念活动和永久纪念碑倡议的认识而采取的步骤；", "14. 请联合国伙伴关系办公室就信托基金的状况，特别是有关收到的捐款及其使用的情况，通过秘书长向大会第六十七届会议提交一份综合报告；", "15. 决定将题为“纪念废除跨大西洋贩卖奴隶二百周年的后续活动”的项目列入第六十七届会议临时议程。", "2011年12月12日", "第83次全体会议", "[1] 见A/CONF.189/12和Corr.1，第一章。", "[2] 见A/66/162。", "[3] A/66/382。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 12 December 2011", "[without reference to a Main Committee (A/66/L.25 and Add.1)]", "66/114. Permanent memorial to and remembrance of the victims of slavery and the transatlantic slave trade", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 61/19 of 28 November 2006, entitled “Commemoration of the two-hundredth anniversary of the abolition of the transatlantic slave trade” and subsequent resolutions entitled “Permanent memorial to and remembrance of the victims of slavery and the transatlantic slave trade”,", "Recalling also the designation of 25 March as the annual International Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Slavery and the Transatlantic Slave Trade,", "Recognizing how little is known about the transatlantic slave trade and its lasting consequences, felt throughout the world, and welcoming the increased attention that the annual commemoration by the General Assembly has brought to the issue, including raising awareness in many States,", "Noting the initiatives undertaken by States in reaffirming their commitment to implement paragraphs 101 and 102 of the Durban Declaration of the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance, aimed at countering the legacy of slavery and contributing to the restoration of the dignity of the victims of slavery and the slave trade,[1]", "Recalling, in particular, paragraph 101 of the Durban Declaration, which, inter alia, invited the international community and its members to honour the memory of the victims,", "Stressing the importance of educating and informing current and future generations about the causes, consequences and lessons of slavery and the transatlantic slave trade,", "Recalling that the permanent memorial initiative complements the work being done at the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization on the Slave Route Project, including its commemorative activities,", "1. Endorses the initiative of Member States to erect, at a place of prominence at United Nations Headquarters that is easily accessible to delegates, United Nations staff and visitors, a permanent memorial in acknowledgement of the tragedy and in consideration of the legacy of slavery and the transatlantic slave trade;", "2. Recalls the establishment of a committee of interested States to oversee the permanent memorial project, drawn from all geographical regions of the world, with Member States from the Caribbean Community and the African Union playing a primary role, in collaboration with the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, representatives of the Secretariat, the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture of the New York Public Library and civil society;", "3. Also recalls the establishment of a trust fund for the permanent memorial, referred to as the United Nations Trust Fund for Partnerships — Permanent Memorial, administered by the United Nations Office for Partnerships, and notes the current status of contributions to the Trust Fund;[2]", "4. Recognizes the necessity of sustained voluntary contributions in order to achieve in a timely manner the goal of erecting a permanent memorial in honour of the victims of slavery and the transatlantic slave trade;", "5. Expresses sincere appreciation to those Member States that have already made contributions to the Trust Fund, encourages additional contributions, and invites Member States and other interested parties that have not done so to do likewise;", "6. Requests the Secretary-General to organize a series of activities annually to commemorate the International Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Slavery and the Transatlantic Slave Trade, including a commemorative meeting of the General Assembly at United Nations Headquarters and, as appropriate, activities through the network of United Nations information centres;", "7. Requests the Department of Public Information of the Secretariat, in cooperation with the countries concerned and with relevant organizations and bodies of the United Nations system, to continue to take appropriate steps to enhance world public awareness of the commemorative activities and the permanent memorial initiative, and to facilitate efforts to erect the permanent memorial at United Nations Headquarters;", "8. Reiterates its request, in resolution 64/15 of 16 November 2009, for Member States to develop, in accordance with their national legislation, educational programmes, including through school curricula, designed to educate and inculcate in future generations an understanding of the lessons, history and consequences of slavery and the slave trade, and to provide such information to the Secretary-General for inclusion in his report;", "9. Welcomes the conclusion of the tripartite memorandum of understanding between the United Nations Office for Partnerships, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and the Permanent Memorial Committee to serve as the framework for cooperation in implementing the initiative to honour the victims of slavery and the transatlantic slave trade;", "10. Also welcomes the recent launch of the international design competition for the permanent memorial, and encourages the broadest possible participation and submission of designs from all geographical regions of the world;", "11. Encourages the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization to assist the Permanent Memorial Committee in identifying qualified candidates, including from its pool of international specialists, to serve on the independent international panel of judges to select the winning design;", "12. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the programme of educational outreach on the transatlantic slave trade and slavery[3] relating to the diverse educational outreach strategy to increase awareness of and to educate future generations about the causes, consequences, lessons and legacy of the transatlantic slave trade and to communicate the dangers of racism and prejudice, and encourages continued action in this regard;", "13. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on continued action to implement the programme of educational outreach, including actions taken by Member States in implementing the present resolution, as well as steps to enhance world public awareness of the commemorative activities and the permanent memorial initiative;", "14. Requests the United Nations Office for Partnerships, through the Secretary-General, to submit a comprehensive report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the status of the Trust Fund and, in particular, on contributions received and their utilization;", "15. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the item entitled “Follow-up to the commemoration of the two-hundredth anniversary of the abolition of the transatlantic slave trade”.", "83rd plenary meeting 12 December 2011", "[1]  See A/CONF.189/12 and Corr.1, chap. I.", "[2]  See A/66/162.", "[3]  A/66/382." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 12 December 2011", "[without reference to a Main Committee (A/66/L.25 and Add.1)]", "66/114. Permanent memorial to and remembrance of the victims of slavery and the transatlantic slave trade", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 61/19 of 28 November 2006, entitled “Commemoration of the two-hundredth anniversary of the abolition of the transatlantic slave trade”, and its subsequent resolutions entitled “Permanent memorial to and remembrance of the victims of slavery and the transatlantic slave trade”,", "Recalling also the designation of 25 March each year as the International Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Slavery and the Transatlantic Slave Trade,", "Recognizing that little is known about the transatlantic slave trade and its lasting impact worldwide, and welcoming the increased attention paid to this issue, including awareness-raising in many countries, by the annual commemorative activities of the General Assembly,", "Noting the initiatives taken by States to reaffirm their commitment to implement paragraphs 101 and 102 of the Durban Declaration of the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance in order to eradicate the legacy of slavery and to contribute to restoring the dignity of the victims of slavery and the slave trade, [1]", "Recalling in particular paragraph 101 of the Durban Declaration, which, inter alia, invited the international community and its members to commemorate the victims,", "Stressing the importance of educating and informing present and future generations about the causes, consequences and lessons of slavery and the transatlantic slave trade,", "Recalling that the permanent memorial initiative complements the ongoing work of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization on the Slave Route project, including its commemorative activities,", "1. Endorses the initiative of Member States to erect a permanent memorial at a high-profile location at United Nations Headquarters, for the benefit of delegates, United Nations staff and visitors, in recognition of the tragedy and in consideration of the legacy of slavery and the transatlantic slave trade;", "2. Recalls the establishment of a committee of interested States for the permanent memorial project, whose membership will be drawn from all regions of the world, with Member States from the Caribbean Community and the African Union playing a central role in collaboration with the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, representatives of the Secretariat, the Schomburg Research Centre for Black Culture of the New York Public Library and civil society;", "Also recalls the establishment of a trust fund, to be known as the “United Nations Partnership Trust Fund — Permanent Memorial”, to be administered by the United Nations Office for Partnerships, and notes the current status of contributions to the trust fund;[2]", "4. Recognizes the need for continued voluntary contributions in time to realize the goal of erecting a permanent memorial to the victims of slavery and the transatlantic slave trade;", "5. Expresses its sincere appreciation to those Member States that have already contributed to the Trust Fund, encourages further contributions, and invites Member States and other interested parties that have not yet done so to contribute;", "Requests the Secretary-General to organize a series of annual observances of the International Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Slavery and the Transatlantic Slave Trade, including a commemorative meeting of the General Assembly at United Nations Headquarters and, as appropriate, events through the network of United Nations information centres;", "7. Requests the Department of Public Information of the Secretariat, in cooperation with the countries concerned and with the relevant organizations and bodies of the United Nations system, to continue to take appropriate measures to raise world public awareness of the commemorative activities and the permanent memorial initiative and to continue to promote efforts to erect the permanent memorial at United Nations Headquarters;", "8. Reiterates its invitation to Member States, in its resolution 64/15 of 16 November 2009, to develop, in accordance with national legislation, educational programmes, including through school curricula, to educate future generations about the lessons, history and consequences of slavery and the slave trade, and to provide such information to the Secretary-General for inclusion in his report;", "Welcomes the conclusion of the tripartite memorandum of understanding between the United Nations Office for Partnerships, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and the Permanent Memorial Committee as a framework for cooperation in the implementation of the initiative to commemorate the victims of slavery and the transatlantic slave trade;", "10. Also welcomes the recent international design competition for the permanent memorial, and encourages the broadest possible participation of all regions of the world and the submission of design proposals;", "11. Encourages the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization to assist the Committee on the Permanent Memorial in identifying qualified candidates, including from its pool of international experts, to serve as an independent international jury to evaluate the award-winning design;", "12. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the programme of educational outreach on the transatlantic slave trade and slavery [3], which sets out a diversified education strategy aimed at educating and raising awareness among future generations of the causes, consequences, lessons learned and legacy of the transatlantic slave trade and promoting the dangers of racism and prejudice, and encourages continued action in this regard;", "13. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on continued action to implement the programme of educational outreach, including action taken by Member States to implement the present resolution and steps taken to raise world public awareness of the commemorative activities and the permanent memorial initiative;", "14. Requests the United Nations Office for Partnerships to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session, through the Secretary-General, a comprehensive report on the status of the Trust Fund, in particular on contributions received and their use;", "Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the item entitled “Follow-up to the commemoration of the two-hundredth anniversary of the abolition of the transatlantic slave trade”.", "12 December 2011", "83rd plenary meeting", "[1] See A/CONF.189/12 and Corr.1, chap.", "[2] See A/66/162.", "[3] A/66/382." ]

[ "2011年12月12日大会决议", "[未经发交主要委员会而通过(A/66/L.24和Add.1)]", "66/115. 全球卫生与外交政策", "大会，", "回顾其2008年11月26日第63/33号、2009年12月10日第64/108号和2010年12月9日第65/95号决议，", "又回顾联合国经济、社会及有关领域各次主要会议和首脑会议的成果，尤其是有关全球卫生的成果，", "重申在关于千年发展目标的大会高级别全体会议题为“履行诺言：团结一致实现千年发展目标”的成果文件[1] 中所作关于实现所有千年发展目标的承诺，特别是目标4、5和6，并在这方面欢迎妇女儿童健康信息和问责委员会的报告，[2]", "欢迎2011年6月8日至10日在纽约举行的艾滋病毒和艾滋病问题大会高级别会议题为《关于艾滋病毒和艾滋病问题的政治宣言：加大行动力度，消灭艾滋病毒和艾滋病》的成果文件，[3] 并重申有效落实其中所载承诺的政治意愿，", "又欢迎大会2011年9月19日通过的《预防和控制非传染性疾病问题大会高级别会议的政治宣言》，[4] 并重申有效落实其中所载承诺的政治意愿，", "还欢迎2011年10月19日至21日在巴西里约热内卢举行的关于健康问题社会决定因素的世界会议通过的《关于健康问题社会决定因素的里约政治宣言》，", "关切地注意到，对于世界各地千千万万的人来说，人人享有能达到的最高标准身心健康(包括获得医药)的权利仍是一个遥远的目标，而且在很多情况下，特别是对于儿童和生活贫困的人来说，实现这个目标的前景正变得越来越遥不可及，", "承认危机期间在获得保健方面的不公平现象可能增加，对残疾人来说尤为如此，应当作出特别努力，维持这些时期的公共保健和初级保健功能，", "又承认改善不利的社会和经济条件主要是一个社会和经济政策问题，结核病、疟疾、艾滋病毒和艾滋病、孕产妇和婴儿死亡以及非传染性疾病的大多数潜在危险因素都与社会和经济条件相关，", "确认保健不公平现象产生于健康问题社会决定因素，即人们出生、成长、生活、工作和养老的社会条件，这些决定因素包括幼年经历、教育、经济状况、就业、体面工作、住房和环境以及预防和治疗疾病的有效系统，", "铭记核辐照对受影响人口的长期健康后果，国际社会必须改进采取集体应对的准备，包括全面实施《国际卫生条例》，[5]", "回顾政府间气候变化专门委员会2007年的报告，[6] 其中指出，预测的气候变化风险可能影响到千千万万人的健康状况，对于适应能力差的人来说尤为如此，", "注意到外交政策和全球卫生倡议在促进外交政策与全球卫生之间协同增效方面的作用，并注意到《奥斯陆部长级宣言》[7] 的贡献，而2010年9月22日的“部长级宣言”[8] 以新的行动和承诺对此予以，", "欢迎2011年5月24日第六十四届世界卫生大会通过关于“大流行性流感的防范：共享流感病毒以及获得疫苗和其他利益”的第64.5号决议，[9]", "1. 赞赏地注意到转递世界卫生组织总干事报告的秘书长的说明[10] 和报告中所载关于加强全球卫生治理的协调、一致和成效及处理健康问题社会决定因素的建议；", "2. 呼吁加大对卫生这一国际议程上的重大共有政策问题的关注力度；", "3. 鼓励会员国继续考虑全球卫生与外交政策之间的密切关系，确认全球卫生挑战要求作出长期和一致的努力，以进一步促进有利于全球卫生的全球政策环境；", "4. 邀请会员国采用多部门方式，同时考虑到健康问题社会决定因素，以减少保健不公平现象，实现可持续发展，并强调为实现千年发展目标的最后冲刺，迫切需要就社会决定因素采取行动，保护经济和社会的发展,并确认国家卫生系统覆盖全民的重要性，特别是通过初级保健和社会保护机制,包括国家确定的社会保护底线，实现全民覆盖，以期向所有人，特别是人口中最贫穷的阶层提供获得卫生服务的机会；", "5. 再次申明必须全面实施《国际卫生条例》，⁵ 作为紧急应对健康和环境问题努力的一部分；", "健康与环境", "6. 重申人类处于可持续发展问题的中心，有权享有与自然和谐共处的健康和富有成效的生活；", "7. 又重申在不断变化的环境中应对全球卫生挑战和提高卫生问题在各种不同论坛的知名度方面，世界卫生组织发挥了主导作用，联合国系统发挥了重要作用；", "8. 还重申《联合国气候变化框架公约》[11] 及其中所载各项目标和原则，并重申促进全面、有效和持续实施《公约》以实现其最终目标的承诺；", "9. 敦促会员国加紧努力，酌情处理环境公害的社会决定因素及此类公害目前和预计对健康造成的后果；", "10. 呼吁更多地关注全球环境议程中的卫生问题和卫生议程中的环境问题，并吁请国际社会承认健康与环境之间的直接联系；", "11. 敦促会员国推动在各级把健康问题，包括在弱势环境中生活的人的健康问题纳入消除贫穷和可持续发展的战略、政策和方案；", "12. 鼓励制定多部门政策，以便不仅限制人类干预和环境退化的不利影响，而且限制气候变化目前和预计对健康造成的后果，", "13. 鼓励会员国在国家发展计划中把健康与环境问题联系起来，并通过各级的教育和培训，发展更好地预防与环境相关的各种疾病的国家能力；", "14. 重申编制国家和国际环境保护政策对健康具有有利影响；", "15. 强调必须促进对健康问题的环境危险因素和社会决定因素的研究；", "16. 又强调必须加强国家监测机制，测量环境对健康的影响，查明新出现的风险并评估取得的进展，必须加强国家风险评估和预警机制，以查明、评估和解决环境退化造成的健康脆弱环节；", "17. 呼吁加强国际、区域和次区域的合作和援助，包括按相互商定的条件调集资源，转让知识、技术和专门技能，以提高发展中国家管理风险的能力，包括在研究、观察、分析、图示和可能时预测自然灾害、环境公害、脆弱环节和灾害影响等方面，发展和持续提高所需的基础设施和科学、技术、工艺和体制能力；", "18. 再次申明启动国际能力建设倡议的重要性，以便评估健康与环境的联系并利用获得的知识制定更有效的国家和区域政策，应对人类健康面临的各种环境威胁；", "19. 鼓励在这方面加强国际合作，在发展中国家执行国家政策时与它们共享最佳做法，向它们提供技术援助和能力建设援助；", "20. 鼓励会员国在联合国可持续发展会议等范围内，考虑到卫生在实现可持续发展方面的重要作用；", "健康与自然灾害", "21. 严重关注受自然灾害影响的人数增加，强调必须满足他们的保健需要；", "22. 着重指出卫生在应急准备和应对自然灾害方面具有重大作用，必须把卫生问题充分纳入减少灾害风险和可持续恢复的战略；", "23. 确认国家和地方当局在应对灾害方面的首要作用和世界卫生组织作为联合国系统提供人道主义援助的全球卫生小组牵头机构和国际减少灾害战略的伙伴在支持救济和加强备灾工作中的主导作用；", "24. 又确认应急与复原和发展之间的明确关系，并重申为确保从救济平稳过渡到复原和发展，必须以支持恢复和长期发展的方式提供自然灾害紧急援助，且应将紧急措施视为实现可持续发展的一个步骤；", "25. 欢迎第六十四届世界卫生大会2011年5月24日通过关于加强国家突发卫生事件和灾害管理能力和卫生系统复原能力的第64.10号决议、2011年5月20日通过关于实施《国际卫生条例》(2005年)的第64.1号决议和2011年5月24日通过关于饮用水、环境卫生和健康的第64.24号决议；⁹", "26. 强调继续需要在秘书处人道主义事务协调厅、世界卫生组织、其他相关联合国组织、人道主义组织、世界银行和区域开发银行之间进行自然灾害问题的协调，以便与各国政府密切协调，提高卫生对策的效用，增强国家和地方卫生当局的备灾和救灾能力，同时要考虑到受影响国家在其境内发起、组织、协调和落实这类援助时的首要和主导作用；", "27. 确认国际减少灾害战略在监测《2005-2015年兵库行动框架：加强国家和社区的抗灾能力》[12] 执行情况，包括卫生部门执行情况方面的重要作用；", "28. 鼓励会员国加强各种健康危害突发事件和灾害风险管理方案，包括减少灾害风险、应急和救灾、水和环境卫生以及流行病控制等方案，并把它们纳入国家和国际卫生计划；", "29. 敦促会员国加紧努力，酌情处理易受灾害影响的社会决定因素和灾害目前和预计对健康造成的后果；", "30. 强调必须加强卫生系统的应急能力，通过安全和准备就绪的医院以及保健工作者培训等方案加强能力；", "31. 鼓励会员国加强社区对备灾和救灾的参与，以提高社区的复原能力；", "后续行动", "32. 敦促会员国继续在制定外交政策时考虑卫生问题；", "33. 请秘书长与世界卫生组织总干事密切协作，酌情在联合国系统相关方案、基金和专门机构以及其他有关多边机构的参与下，并与各会员国协商，高度优先地编制和收集关于健康与环境和健康与自然灾害之间相互联系的可比和可靠数据，在题为“全球卫生与外交政策”的项目下向大会第六十七届会议提交一份报告，反映这些相互联系并提出改善对环境灾害引起的健康风险的管理的建议。", "2011年12月12日", "第83次全体会议", "[1] 见第65/1号决议。", "[2] 可查阅www.who.int/topics/millennium_development_goals/accountability_commission/", "zh/index.html。", "[3] 第65/277号决议，附件。", "[4] 第66/2号决议，附件。", "[5] 可查阅www.who.int/ihr/zh/index.html。", "[6] 可查阅www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/syr/zh/contents.html。", "[7] A/63/591，附件。", "[8] 见A/65/538。", "[9] 见《世界卫生组织，第六十四届世界卫生大会，2011年5月16日至24日，日内瓦，决议和决定，附件》(WHA64/2011/REC/1)。", "[10] A/66/497。", "[11] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第1771卷，第30822号。", "[12] A/CONF.206/6，第一章，决议2。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 12 December 2011", "[without reference to a Main Committee (A/66/L.24 and Add.1)]", "66/115. Global health and foreign policy", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 63/33 of 26 November 2008, 64/108 of 10 December 2009 and 65/95 of 9 December 2010,", "Recalling also the outcomes of the major United Nations conferences and summits in the economic, social and related fields, especially those related to global health,", "Reaffirming the commitment to the achievement of all the Millennium Development Goals, in particular Goals 4, 5 and 6, as expressed in the outcome document of the High-level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals entitled “Keeping the promise: united to achieve the Millennium Development Goals”,[1] and in this regard welcoming the report of the Commission on Information and Accountability for Women’s and Children’s Health,[2]", "Welcoming the Political Declaration on HIV and AIDS: Intensifying our Efforts to Eliminate HIV and AIDS,[3] the outcome of the High-level Meeting of the General Assembly on HIV and AIDS, held in New York, from 8 to 10 June 2011, and reaffirming the political will to effectively implement the commitments contained therein,", "Welcoming also the Political Declaration of the High-level Meeting of the General Assembly on the Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases,[4] adopted by the General Assembly on 19 September 2011, and reaffirming the political will to effectively implement the commitments contained therein,", "Welcoming further the Rio Political Declaration on Social Determinants of Health, adopted at the World Conference on Social Determinants of Health, held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 19 to 21 October 2011,", "Noting with concern that for millions of people throughout the world, the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health, including access to medicines, still remains a distant goal and that in many cases, especially for children and people living in poverty, the likelihood of achieving this goal is becoming increasingly remote,", "Acknowledging that inequities in access to health care can increase during times of crisis, particularly for persons living with disabilities, and that special efforts should be made to maintain public health-care and primary health-care functions during these periods,", "Acknowledging also that improvement of unfavourable social and economic conditions is primarily a social and economic policy issue and that most of the underlying risk factors for tuberculosis, malaria, HIV and AIDS and maternal and infant mortality, as well as for non-communicable diseases, are associated with social and economic conditions,", "Recognizing that health inequities arise from social determinants of health, that is, the societal conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age, and that these determinants include experiences in their early years, education, economic status, employment and decent work, housing and environment, and effective systems of preventing and treating ill health,", "Bearing in mind the long-term health consequences of exposure to nuclear radiation for the affected populations and the need for the international community to be better prepared to respond collectively, including through the full implementation of the International Health Regulations,[5]", "Recalling that, according to the report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 2007,[6] projected exposure to climate change is likely to affect the health status of millions of people, particularly those with low adaptive capacity,", "Noting the role of the Foreign Policy and Global Health Initiative in promoting synergy between foreign policy and global health, as well as the contribution of the Oslo Ministerial Declaration,[7] which was reaffirmed, with renewed actions and commitments, by the ministerial declaration of 22 September 2010,[8]", "Welcoming the adoption by the sixty-fourth World Health Assembly on 24 May 2011 of resolution 64.5 on pandemic influenza preparedness: sharing of influenza viruses and access to vaccines and other benefits,[9]", "1. Notes with appreciation the note by the Secretary-General[10] transmitting the report of the Director-General of the World Health Organization and the recommendations contained in the report on improving coordination, coherence and effectiveness of governance for global health and addressing the social determinants of health;", "2. Calls for more attention to health as an important cross-cutting policy issue on the international agenda;", "3. Encourages Member States to continue to consider the close relationship between global health and foreign policy and to recognize that global health challenges entail concerted and sustained efforts to further promote a global policy environment supportive of global health;", "4. Invites Member States to adopt a multisectoral approach, while taking into consideration the social determinants of health, with a view to reducing health inequities and enabling sustainable development, and stresses the urgent need to act on social determinants for the final push towards the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals, to protect economic and social development and to recognize the importance of universal coverage in national health systems, especially through primary health-care and social protection mechanisms, including nationally determined social protection floors, so as to provide access to health services for all, in particular the poorest segments of the population;", "5. Reiterates the need to fully implement the International Health Regulations,⁵ as part of the emergency responses to health and environment-related issues;", "Health and the environment", "6. Reaffirms that human beings are at the centre of concerns related to sustainable development and are entitled to a healthy and productive life in harmony with nature;", "7. Also reaffirms the leading role of the World Health Organization and the important role of the United Nations system in meeting the challenges of global health in a changing environment and enhancing the visibility of health issues in the different international forums;", "8. Further reaffirms the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change,[11] and the objectives and principles set out therein, and the commitment to enable the full, effective and sustained implementation of the Convention, in order to achieve its ultimate objective;", "9. Urges Member States to intensify efforts to address, as appropriate, the social determinants of exposure to environmental hazards and their current and projected consequences on health;", "10. Calls for more attention to health-related issues in the global environmental agenda as well as for more attention to environmental issues in the health agenda, and calls upon the international community to acknowledge the direct linkages between health and the environment;", "11. Urges Member States to promote at all levels the integration of health concerns, including of people living in vulnerable situations, into strategies, policies and programmes for poverty eradication and sustainable development;", "12. Encourages the development of multisectoral policies with a view to limiting not only the detrimental impact of human intervention and environmental degradation on but also the current and projected consequences of climate change for health;", "13. Encourages Member States to link health and the environment in their national development plans and, through education and training at all levels, to develop national capacities to better prevent diseases related to the environment;", "14. Reaffirms that the development of national and international policies on environmental protection has a beneficial effect on health;", "15. Stresses the need to foster research on environmental risk factors and social determinants of health;", "16. Also stresses the need to strengthen national monitoring mechanisms for measuring the impacts of the environment on health, identifying emerging risks and evaluating the progress made and to strengthen national risk assessment and early warning mechanisms for identifying, assessing and addressing health vulnerabilities posed by environmental degradation;", "17. Calls for increased international, regional and subregional cooperation and assistance, including through the mobilization of resources and the transfer of knowledge, technology and expertise, on mutually agreed terms, so as to enhance the capacity of developing countries to manage risks, including through the development and sustainability of the infrastructure and scientific, technological, technical and institutional capacities needed to research, observe, analyse, map and, where possible, forecast natural and environmental hazards, vulnerabilities and disaster impacts;", "18. Reiterates the importance of launching international capacity-building initiatives that assess health and environmental linkages and use the knowledge gained to create more effective national and regional policy responses to environmental threats to human health;", "19. Encourages, in this regard, greater international cooperation on sharing best practices and providing technical assistance and assistance in capacity-building to developing countries in the implementation of their national policies;", "20. Encourages Member States to take into consideration the important role of health for the achievement of sustainable development, including in the context of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development;", "Health and natural disasters", "21. Expresses grave concern at the increase in the number of people affected by natural disasters, and stresses the need to address their health needs;", "22. Underlines the crucial role of health in emergency preparedness and response to natural disasters, as well as the need to fully integrate health into strategies for disaster risk reduction and sustainable recovery;", "23. Recognizes the primary role of national and local authorities in responding to disasters and the leading role of the World Health Organization, as the lead of the Global Health Cluster, in the provision of humanitarian assistance by the United Nations system, and as a partner of the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, in supporting relief efforts and enhancing disaster preparedness;", "24. Also recognizes the clear relationship between emergency response, rehabilitation and development, and reaffirms that, in order to ensure a smooth transition from relief to rehabilitation and development, emergency assistance in natural disasters must be provided in ways that will be supportive of recovery and long-term development and that emergency measures should be seen as a step towards sustainable development;", "25. Welcomes the adoption by the sixty-fourth World Health Assembly on 24 May 2011 of resolution 64.10 on strengthening national health emergency and disaster management capacities and resilience of health systems, on 20 May 2011 of resolution 64.1 on implementation of the International Health Regulations (2005) and on 24 May 2011 of resolution 64.24 on drinking water, sanitation and health;⁹", "26. Stresses the continued need for coordination in natural disasters among the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs of the Secretariat, the World Health Organization, other relevant United Nations organizations, humanitarian organizations, the World Bank and regional development banks so as to enhance effectiveness of health responses and to strengthen preparedness and response capacity of national and local health authorities, in close coordination with national Governments, taking into account the primary and leading role of the affected State in the initiation, organization, coordination and implementation of such assistance within its territory;", "27. Recognizes the important role of the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction in monitoring the implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005–2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters,[12] including in the health sector;", "28. Encourages Member States to strengthen all-hazards health emergency and disaster risk-management programmes, including disaster risk reduction, emergency preparedness and response, water and sanitation and epidemic control, and to integrate them into national and international health plans;", "29. Urges Member States to intensify efforts, as appropriate, to address the social determinants of vulnerabilities to disasters and their current and projected consequences for health;", "30. Underlines the importance of strengthening the preparedness of health systems for emergencies, including through programmes on safe and prepared hospitals and training for health-care workers;", "31. Encourages Member States to strengthen the involvement of communities in disaster preparedness and response in order to enhance their resilience;", "Follow-up actions", "32. Urges Member States to continue to consider health issues in the formulation of foreign policy;", "33. Requests the Secretary-General, in close collaboration with the Director-General of the World Health Organization and with the participation of relevant programmes, funds and specialized agencies of the United Nations system, as well as other relevant multilateral institutions, as appropriate, and in consultation with Member States, to give high priority to generating and collecting comparable and reliable data on the interlinkages between health and environment, and health and natural disasters, and to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session, under the item entitled “Global health and foreign policy”, a report which reflects on these interlinkages and contains recommendations for improving the management of health risks arising from environmental disasters.", "83rd plenary meeting 12 December 2011", "[1]  See resolution 65/1.", "[2]  Available from www.who.int/topics/millenium_development_goals/accountability_commission/en/index.html.", "[3]  Resolution 65/277, annex.", "[4]  Resolution 66/2, annex.", "[5]  Available from www.who.int/ihr/en/.", "[6]  Available from www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/syr/en/contents.html.", "[7]  A/63/591, annex.", "[8]  See A/65/538.", "[9]  See World Health Organization, Sixty-fourth World Health Assembly, Geneva, 16–24 May 2011, Resolutions and Decisions, Annexes (WHA64/2011/REC/1).", "[10]  A/66/497.", "[11]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1771, No. 30822.", "[12]  A/CONF.206/6 and Corr.1, chap. I, resolution 2." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 12 December 2011", "[without reference to a Main Committee (A/66/L.24 and Add.1)]", "66/115. Global health and foreign policy", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 63/33 of 26 November 2008, 64/108 of 10 December 2009 and 65/95 of 9 December 2010,", "Recalling also the outcomes of the major United Nations conferences and summits in the economic, social and related fields, in particular those related to global health,", "Reaffirming the commitments made in the outcome document of the High-level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals, entitled “Keeping the promise: united to achieve the Millennium Development Goals”, in particular Goals 4, 5 and 6, and in this regard welcoming the report of the Committee on Information and Accountability for Women's and Children's Health,[2]", "Welcoming the outcome document of the high-level meeting of the General Assembly on HIV and AIDS, entitled \" Political Declaration on HIV and AIDS: Intensifying Our Efforts to Eliminate HIV and AIDS \" , held in New York from 8 to 10 June 2011, and reaffirming the political will to effectively implement the commitments contained therein,", "Welcoming also the Political Declaration of the High-level Meeting of the General Assembly on the Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases, adopted by the Assembly on 19 September 2011,[4] and reaffirming the political will to effectively implement the commitments contained therein,", "Welcoming further the Rio Political Declaration on Social Determinants of Health, adopted at the World Conference on Social Determinants of Health, held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 19 to 21 October 2011,", "Noting with concern that, for millions of people throughout the world, the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health, including access to medication, remains a distant goal and that, in many cases, especially for children and people living in poverty, the prospects for achieving this goal are becoming increasingly remote,", "Recognizing that inequalities in access to health care during crises may increase, especially for persons with disabilities, and that special efforts should be made to maintain public health and primary health-care functions during these periods,", "Recognizing also that improving adverse social and economic conditions is primarily a social and economic policy issue and that most of the potential risk factors for tuberculosis, malaria, HIV and AIDS, maternal and infant mortality and non-communicable diseases are related to social and economic conditions,", "Recognizing that health inequities derive from the social determinants of health, namely, the social conditions in which people are born, raised, lived, worked and old age, including early childhood experiences, education, economic conditions, employment, decent work, housing and the environment, and effective systems for the prevention and treatment of diseases,", "Bearing in mind the long-term health consequences of exposure to nuclear radiation on affected populations, the international community must improve its preparedness to respond collectively, including through the full implementation of the International Health Regulations,[5]", "Recalling the 2007 report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,[6] which states that projected climate change risks may affect the health of millions of people, particularly those with poor adaptive capacity,", "Noting the role of foreign policy and global health initiatives in promoting synergies between foreign policy and global health, as well as the contribution of the Oslo Ministerial Declaration, which was adopted with new actions and commitments by the Ministerial Declaration of 22 September 2010,", "Welcoming resolution 64.5 on pandemic influenza preparedness: sharing influenza viruses and access to vaccines and other benefits, adopted by the sixty-fourth World Health Assembly on 24 May 2011,", "1. Takes note with appreciation of the note by the Secretary-General transmitting the report of the Director-General of the World Health Organization [A C E F R S] 10) and the recommendations contained in the report on strengthening the coordination, coherence and effectiveness of global health governance and addressing the social determinants of health;", "Calls for increased attention to health as a major cross-cutting policy issue on the international agenda;", "3. Encourages Member States to continue to consider the close relationship between global health and foreign policy, recognizing that global health challenges require long-term and concerted efforts to further promote a global policy environment conducive to global health;", "4. Invites Member States to adopt a multisectoral approach, taking into account the social determinants of health, in order to reduce health inequities and achieve sustainable development, stresses the urgent need for action on social determinants to protect economic and social development in order to achieve the Millennium Development Goals, and recognizes the importance of universal coverage of national health systems, in particular through primary health care and social protection mechanisms, including nationally defined social protection floors, with a view to providing access to health services for all, especially the poorest segments of the population;", "5. Reiterates the importance of the full implementation of the International Health Regulations5 as part of the urgent response to health and environmental problems;", "Health and environment", "6. Reaffirms that humanity is at the centre of sustainable development and has the right to a healthy and productive life in harmony with nature;", "7. Also reaffirms the leading role of the World Health Organization and the important role of the United Nations system in addressing global health challenges in a changing environment and in raising the visibility of health issues in various forums;", "8. Further reaffirms the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the objectives and principles contained therein, and reaffirms the commitment to promote the full, effective and sustained implementation of the Convention in order to achieve its ultimate objective;", "9. Urges Member States to intensify their efforts to address, as appropriate, the social determinants of environmental hazards and their current and projected health consequences;", "Calls for increased attention to health issues in the global environmental agenda and environmental issues in the health agenda, and calls upon the international community to recognize the direct link between health and the environment;", "11. Urges Member States to promote the integration of health issues, including those of people living in vulnerable environments, into poverty eradication and sustainable development strategies, policies and programmes at all levels;", "12. Encourages the development of multisectoral policies to limit not only the adverse effects of human intervention and environmental degradation, but also the current and projected health consequences of climate change,", "13. Encourages Member States to link health and environment issues in their national development plans and to develop national capacities to better prevent environment-related diseases through education and training at all levels;", "14. Reaffirms that the formulation of national and international environmental protection policies has a positive impact on health;", "Stresses the need to promote research on environmental risk factors and social determinants of health;", "16. Also stresses the importance of strengthening national monitoring mechanisms to measure environmental impacts on health, identify emerging risks and assess progress made, and of strengthening national risk assessment and early warning mechanisms to identify, assess and address health vulnerabilities resulting from environmental degradation;", "17. Calls for enhanced international, regional and subregional cooperation and assistance, including the mobilization of resources on mutually agreed terms and the transfer of knowledge, technology and know-how, to enhance the capacity of developing countries to manage risk, including the development and sustainable improvement of the infrastructure and scientific, technical, technological and institutional capacities required for research, observation, analysis, mapping and, where possible, prediction of natural disasters, environmental hazards, vulnerability and the impact of disasters;", "18. Reiterates the importance of launching international capacity-building initiatives to assess health-environment linkages and to use the knowledge gained to develop more effective national and regional policies to address environmental threats to human health;", "Encourages, in this regard, enhanced international cooperation to share best practices and provide technical assistance and capacity-building to developing countries in the implementation of national policies;", "20. Encourages Member States to take into account, including in the context of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, the important role of health in achieving sustainable development;", "Health and natural disasters", "21. Expresses grave concern at the increase in the number of people affected by natural disasters, and stresses the importance of meeting their health needs;", "22. Stresses the critical role of health in emergency preparedness and response to natural disasters and the need to fully integrate health concerns into disaster risk reduction and sustainable recovery strategies;", "23. Recognizes the primary role of national and local authorities in responding to disasters and the leading role of the World Health Organization as the lead agency of the Global Health Group for humanitarian assistance of the United Nations system and as a partner of the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction in supporting relief and enhancing preparedness;", "24. Also recognizes the clear relationship between emergency response and recovery and development, and reiterates that, in order to ensure a smooth transition from relief to rehabilitation and development, emergency assistance for natural disasters must be provided in a manner that supports recovery and long-term development, and that emergency measures should be seen as a step towards sustainable development;", "25. Welcomes the adoption by the sixty-fourth World Health Assembly of resolutions 64.10 on 24 May 2011 on strengthening national capacities for health emergencies and disaster management and resilience of health systems, 64.1 on 20 May 2011 on implementation of the International Health Regulations (2005) and 64.24 on drinking water, sanitation and health on 24 May 2011;9", "26. Emphasizes the continued need for coordination on natural disasters between the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs of the Secretariat, the World Health Organization, other relevant United Nations organizations, humanitarian organizations, the World Bank and regional development banks in order to enhance, in close coordination with Governments, the effectiveness of health responses and the preparedness and response capacity of national and local health authorities, taking into account the primary and leading role of affected States in the initiation, organization, coordination and implementation of such assistance within their territories;", "27. Recognizes the important role of the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction in monitoring the implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters, including in the health sector;", "28. Encourages Member States to strengthen and integrate into national and international health plans programmes for health emergencies and disaster risk management, including disaster risk reduction, emergency and disaster response, water and sanitation and epidemiological control;", "29. Urges Member States to intensify their efforts to address, as appropriate, the social determinants of vulnerability to disasters and the current and projected health consequences of disasters;", "30. Stresses the importance of strengthening the emergency response capacity of health systems through programmes such as safe and prepared hospitals and training of health workers;", "31. Encourages Member States to strengthen community participation in disaster preparedness and response in order to enhance the resilience of communities;", "Follow-up", "32. Urges Member States to continue to consider health issues in foreign policy formulation;", "Requests the Secretary-General, in close collaboration with the Director-General of the World Health Organization and with the participation of relevant programmes, funds and specialized agencies of the United Nations system, as well as other relevant multilateral bodies, as appropriate, and in consultation with Member States, to give high priority to the preparation and collection of comparable and reliable data on the interlinkages between health and environment and health and natural disasters and to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session, under the item entitled “Global health and foreign policy”, a report reflecting those interlinkages and making recommendations to improve the management of health risks arising from environmental disasters.", "12 December 2011", "83rd plenary meeting", "[1] See resolution 65/1.", "[2] Available at www.who.int/topics/millennium_development_goals/accountability_commission/", "zh/index.html.", "[3] Resolution 65/277, annex.", "[4] Resolution 66/2, annex.", "[5] Available at www.who.int/ihr/zh/index.html.", "[6] Available at www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/syr/zh/contens.html.", "[7] A/63/591, annex.", "[8] See A/65/538.", "[9] See World Health Organization, Sixty-fourth World Health Assembly, Geneva, 16-24 May 2011, Resolutions and Decisions, Annexes (WHA64/2011/REC/1).", "[10] A/66/497.", "[11] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1771, No. 30822.", "[12] A/CONF.206/6, chap. I, resolution 2." ]

[ "2011年12月12日大会决议", "[未经发交主要委员会而通过(A/66/L.23和Add.1)]", "66/116. 贯彻落实《和平文化宣言》和《和平文化行动纲领》", "大会，", "铭记《联合国宪章》，包括其中所载宗旨和原则，尤其是全力欲免后世再遭惨不堪言之战祸，", "回顾《联合国教育、科学及文化组织组织法》指出：“战争起源于人之思想，故务须于人之思想中筑起保卫和平之屏障”，", "又回顾其以往在题为“和平文化”议程项目下通过的关于和平文化的各项决议，尤其是宣布2000年为和平文化国际年的1997年11月20日第52/15号、宣布2001-2010年为为世界儿童建设和平与非暴力文化国际十年的1998年11月10日第53/25号、2001年11月5日第56/5号、2002年11月4日第57/6号、2003年11月10日第58/11号、2004年12月15日第59/143号、2005年10月20日第60/3号、2006年12月4日第61/45号、2007年12月17日第62/89号、2008年12月5日第63/113号、2009年12月7日第64/80号和2010年11月23日第65/11号决议，", "确认《和平文化宣言》[1] 和《和平文化行动纲领》[2] 的重要意义，这两个文件赋予了国际社会，尤其是联合国系统普遍任务，弘扬和平与非暴力文化，造福于人类，特别是造福于未来世世代代，", "重申《联合国千年宣言》，[3] 其中呼吁积极促进和平文化，", "表示注意到大会高级别全体会议通过的《2005年世界首脑会议成果》，[4]", "欣见纪念联合国宣布的10月2日国际非暴力日，[5]", "确认联合国系统和整个国际社会在国家和国际两级为维持和平、建设和平、防止冲突、裁军、可持续发展、促进人的尊严和人权、民主、法治、善政和两性平等作出的一切努力，大大有助于促进和平文化，", "注意到其关于防止武装冲突的2003年7月3日第57/337号决议可有助于进一步促进和平文化，", "考虑到旨在促进和平文化的联合国教育、科学及文化组织“2000年宣言”倡议已获得全世界七千五百多万人的签名支持，", "确认必须尊重和理解全世界的宗教与文化多样性，选择谈判而非对抗，共同努力而非相互争斗，", "欢迎秘书长转递的联合国教育、科学及文化组织总干事关于第65/11号决议执行情况的报告，[6]", "又欢迎秘书长关于文化间、宗教间和文明间对话的报告，[7]", "回顾联合国教育、科学及文化组织宣布2月21日为国际母语日，旨在保护、促进和维护语文和文化多样性以及使用多种语文，以促成并丰富一种和平、社会和睦、跨文化对话和相互了解的文化，", "赞赏联合国不同文明联盟不断加紧努力，与各国政府、国际组织、基金会和民间社会团体以及媒体和企业界领袖合作，通过涉及青年、教育、媒体和移民领域的一些实际项目促进和平文化，", "欢迎联合国教育、科学及文化组织第三十六届大会通过了“促进和平与非暴力文化行动纲领”，并注意到该“行动纲领”的目标符合大会通过的《和平文化宣言》和《和平文化行动纲领》，", "鼓励世界各地的民间社会组织持续并加紧努力，开展各项活动，推进《行动纲领》所设想的和平文化，", "1. 再次申明有效执行《和平文化行动纲领》² 的目标是在举办为世界儿童建设和平与非暴力文化国际十年(2001-2010年)之后，进一步加强促进和平文化的全球运动，并吁请有关各方重新关注这一目标；", "2. 邀请会员国在国家、区域和国际各级继续进一步重视和扩大弘扬和平文化的活动，确保在各级促进和平和非暴力；", "3. 邀请联合国系统各实体在其现有的任务规定范围内，酌情将《行动纲领》的行动领域纳入它们在国家、区域和国际各级以促进和平与非暴力文化为重点的活动方案中；", "4. 赞扬以弘扬和平文化为基本任务的联合国教育、科学及文化组织进一步加强它为促进和平文化开展的活动，包括在全世界推动和平教育并以各种语文分发《和平文化宣言》¹ 和《行动纲领》及有关的材料；", "5. 邀请联合国教育、科学及文化组织考虑是否可以为有效促进和平文化，在该组织下创设一个特别基金以满足国别项目的具体需要；", "6. 赞扬联合国各有关机构，特别是联合国儿童基金会、联合国促进性别平等和增强妇女权能署(妇女署)及和平大学开展活动，进一步促进和平与非暴力文化，包括推动和平教育以及与《行动纲领》中确定的具体领域有关的活动，并鼓励它们继续进一步加强和扩大努力；", "7. 鼓励建设和平委员会在国家一级冲突后建设和平的努力中继续推动建设和平活动并推进和平与非暴力文化；", "8. 敦促有关当局在学校为儿童提供适龄教育，包括开设关于相互了解、容忍、积极参加公民事务、人权及促进和平文化的课程；", "9. 鼓励媒体，尤其是大众媒体进一步参与促进和平与非暴力文化，特别是针对儿童和青年；", "10. 赞扬民间社会、非政府组织和青年开展活动，包括开展宣传和平文化的运动，进一步促进和平与非暴力文化；", "11. 鼓励民间社会和非政府组织进一步加强努力促进和平文化，包括按照《宣言》和《行动纲领》，拟订各自的活动方案，配合会员国、联合国系统各组织及其他国际和区域组织的举措；", "12. 强调联合国教育、科学及文化组织在调动联合国系统内外所有相关的利益攸关方支持文化多样性、文化间对话及和平文化中的作用，并邀请该组织通过和平文化网站[8] 等渠道继续加强沟通和外联，以促进在国家、区域和全球各级实现新通过的“促进和平与非暴力文化行动纲领”的各项目标；", "13. 邀请会员国、联合国系统各部分和民间社会组织，包括驻联合国非政府组织国际和平日委员会，依照大会2001年9月7日第55/282号决议，日益重视将每年9月21日国际和平日作为全球停火和非暴力日来纪念；", "14. 邀请秘书长在现有资源范围内，与会员国协商并考虑到民间社会组织的意见，探讨如何加强《宣言》和《行动纲领》的实施机制和战略，并开始外联努力，以提高全球对《行动纲领》及其八个行动领域的认识，推动其实施；", "15. 请秘书长就为执行本决议所采取的行动以及联合国及其附属机构为执行《行动纲领》和促进和平与非暴力文化而加强开展的活动，向大会第六十七届会议提出报告；", "16. 决定将题为“和平文化”的项目列入大会第六十七届会议临时议程。", "2011年12月12日", "第83次全体会议", "[1] 第53/243A号决议。", "[2] 第53/243B号决议。", "[3] 见第55/2号决议。", "[4] 见第60/1号决议。", "[5] 见第61/271号决议。", "[6] 见A/66/273。", "[7] A/66/280。", "[8] www.3.unesco.org/iycp/。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 12 December 2011", "[without reference to a Main Committee (A/66/L.23 and Add.1)]", "66/116. Follow-up to the Declaration and Programme of Action on a Culture of Peace", "The General Assembly,", "Bearing in mind the Charter of the United Nations, including the purposes and principles contained therein, and especially the dedication to saving succeeding generations from the scourge of war,", "Recalling the Constitution of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, which states that, “since wars begin in the minds of men, it is in the minds of men that the defences of peace must be constructed”,", "Recalling also its previous resolutions on a culture of peace, in particular resolution 52/15 of 20 November 1997 proclaiming 2000 the International Year for the Culture of Peace, resolution 53/25 of 10 November 1998 proclaiming the period 2001–2010 the International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World, and resolutions 56/5 of 5 November 2001, 57/6 of 4 November 2002, 58/11 of 10 November 2003, 59/143 of 15 December 2004, 60/3 of 20 October 2005, 61/45 of 4 December 2006, 62/89 of 17 December 2007, 63/113 of 5 December 2008, 64/80 of 7 December 2009 and 65/11 of 23 November 2010, adopted under its agenda item entitled “Culture of peace”,", "Recognizing the importance of the Declaration[1] and Programme of Action[2] on a Culture of Peace, which serve as the universal mandate for the international community, particularly the United Nations system, for the promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence that benefits humanity, in particular future generations,", "Reaffirming the United Nations Millennium Declaration[3] which calls for the active promotion of a culture of peace,", "Taking note of the 2005 World Summit Outcome adopted at the high-level plenary meeting of the General Assembly,[4]", "Welcoming the observance of 2 October as the International Day of Non‑Violence, as proclaimed by the United Nations,[5]", "Recognizing that all efforts made by the United Nations system in general and the international community at large for peacekeeping, peacebuilding, the prevention of conflicts, disarmament, sustainable development, the promotion of human dignity and human rights, democracy, the rule of law, good governance and gender equality at the national and international levels contribute greatly to the culture of peace,", "Noting that its resolution 57/337 of 3 July 2003 on the prevention of armed conflict could contribute to the further promotion of a culture of peace,", "Taking into account the “Manifesto 2000” initiative of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization promoting a culture of peace, which has received over seventy-five million signatures of endorsement throughout the world,", "Recognizing the importance of respect and understanding for religious and cultural diversity throughout the world, of choosing negotiations over confrontation and of working together and not against each other,", "Welcoming the report of the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization on the implementation of resolution 65/11, as transmitted by the Secretary-General,[6]", "Welcoming also the report of the Secretary-General on intercultural, interreligious and intercivilizational dialogue,[7]", "Recalling the proclamation by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization of 21 February as the International Mother Language Day, which aims at protecting, promoting and preserving linguistic and cultural diversity, and multilingualism, in order to foster and enrich a culture of peace, social harmony, cross-cultural dialogue and mutual understanding,", "Appreciating the increased ongoing efforts of the United Nations Alliance of Civilizations in promoting a culture of peace through a number of practical projects in the areas of youth, education, media and migrations, in collaboration with Governments, international organizations, foundations and civil society groups, as well as media and corporate leaders,", "Welcoming the adoption by the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization at its thirty-sixth session of a programme of action for a culture of peace and non-violence, and noting that the objectives of that programme of action are in line with the Declaration and Programme of Action on a Culture of Peace adopted by the General Assembly,", "Encouraging the continued and increasing efforts and activities on the part of civil society organizations throughout the world in advancing the culture of peace as envisaged in the Programme of Action,", "1. Reiterates that the objective of the effective implementation of the Programme of Action on a Culture of Peace² is to strengthen further the global movement for a culture of peace following the observance of the International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World, 2001–2010, and calls upon all concerned to renew their attention to this objective;", "2. Invites Member States to continue to place greater emphasis on and expand their activities promoting a culture of peace at the national, regional and international levels and to ensure that peace and non-violence are fostered at all levels;", "3. Invites the entities of the United Nations system, within their existing mandates, to integrate, as appropriate, the action areas of the Programme of Action in their programmes of activities, focusing on promoting a culture of peace and non‑violence at the regional, national and international levels;", "4. Commends the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, for which the promotion of a culture of peace is the expression of its fundamental mandate, for further strengthening the activities it has undertaken to promote a culture of peace, including the promotion of peace education and the dissemination of the Declaration on a Culture of Peace¹ and the Programme of Action and related materials in various languages across the world;", "5. Invites the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization to consider the feasibility of creating a special fund under the Organization to cater to the country-specific projects for the effective promotion of a culture of peace;", "6. Commends the relevant United Nations bodies, in particular the United Nations Children’s Fund, the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN-Women) and the University for Peace, for their activities in further promoting a culture of peace and non-violence, including the promotion of peace education and activities related to specific areas identified in the Programme of Action, and encourages them to continue and further strengthen and expand their efforts;", "7. Encourages the Peacebuilding Commission to continue to promote peacebuilding activities and advance a culture of peace and non-violence in post-conflict peacebuilding efforts at the country level;", "8. Urges the appropriate authorities to provide age-appropriate education, in children’s schools, that includes lessons in mutual understanding, tolerance, active citizenship, human rights and the promotion of a culture of peace;", "9. Encourages the involvement of media, especially the mass media, in promoting a culture of peace and non-violence, with particular regard to children and young people;", "10. Commends civil society, non-governmental organizations and young people for their activities in further promoting a culture of peace and non-violence, including through their campaign to raise awareness on a culture of peace;", "11. Encourages civil society and non-governmental organizations to further strengthen their efforts to promote a culture of peace, inter alia, by adopting their own programme of activities to complement the initiatives of Member States, the organizations of the United Nations system and other international and regional organizations, in line with the Declaration and Programme of Action;", "12. Stresses the role of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in mobilizing all relevant stakeholders within and outside the United Nations system in support of cultural diversity, intercultural dialogue and a culture of peace, and invites the Organization to continue to enhance communication and outreach, including through the culture of peace website,[8] in order to promote the objectives of the newly adopted programme of action for a culture of peace and non-violence at the regional, national and global levels;", "13. Invites Member States, all parts of the United Nations system and civil society organizations, including the International Day of Peace Non-Governmental Organization Committee at the United Nations, to accord increasing attention to their observance of the International Day of Peace on 21 September each year as a day of global ceasefire and non-violence, in accordance with General Assembly resolution 55/282 of 7 September 2001;", "14. Invites the Secretary-General, within existing resources, in consultation with the Member States and taking into account the observations of civil society organizations, to explore mechanisms and strategies for the implementation of the Declaration and Programme of Action and to initiate outreach efforts to increase global awareness of the Programme of Action and its eight areas of action aimed at their implementation;", "15. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session a report on actions undertaken to implement the present resolution and on heightened activities by the United Nations and its affiliated agencies to implement the Programme of Action and to promote a culture of peace and non-violence;", "16. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the item entitled “Culture of peace”.", "83rd plenary meeting 12 December 2011", "[1]  Resolution 53/243 A.", "[2]  Resolution 53/243 B.", "[3]  See resolution 55/2.", "[4]  See resolution 60/1.", "[5]  See resolution 61/271.", "[6]  See A/66/273.", "[7]  A/66/280.", "[8]  www3.unesco.org/iycp/." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 12 December 2011", "[without reference to a Main Committee (A/66/L.23 and Add.1)]", "66/116. Follow-up to the Declaration and Programme of Action on a Culture of Peace", "The General Assembly,", "Bearing in mind the Charter of the United Nations, including the purposes and principles contained therein, and in particular the dedication to saving succeeding generations from the scourge of war,", "Recalling that the Constitution of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization states that “since wars begin in the minds of men, it is in the minds of men that the defences of peace must be constructed”,", "Recalling also its previous resolutions on a culture of peace, in particular resolutions 52/15 of 20 November 1997, by which it proclaimed 2000 the International Year for the Culture of Peace, 53/25 of 10 November 1998, 56/5 of 5 November 2001, 57/6 of 4 November 2002, 58/11 of 10 November 2003, 59/143 of 15 December 2004, 60/3 of 20 October 2005, 61/45 of 4 December 2006, 62/89 of 17 December 2007, 63/113 of 5 December 2008, 64/80 of 7 December 2009 and 65/11 of 23 November 2010 proclaiming the period 2001-2010 as the International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World,", "Recognizing the importance of the Declaration and Programme of Action on a Culture of Peace, which give the international community, in particular the United Nations system, the universal mandate to promote a culture of peace and non-violence for the benefit of humankind, in particular future generations,", "Reaffirming the United Nations Millennium Declaration,[3] which calls for the active promotion of a culture of peace,", "Taking note of the 2005 World Summit Outcome adopted at the High-level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly, [4]", "Welcoming the observance of the International Day of Non-Violence, proclaimed by the United Nations on 2 October,[5]", "Recognizing that all efforts made by the United Nations system and the international community as a whole at the national and international levels for peacekeeping, peacebuilding, conflict prevention, disarmament, sustainable development, promotion of human dignity and human rights, democracy, the rule of law, good governance and gender equality contribute greatly to the culture of peace,", "Noting that its resolution 57/337 of 3 July 2003 on the prevention of armed conflict could contribute to the further promotion of a culture of peace,", "Considering that the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization “Declaration 2000” initiative, which aims to promote a culture of peace, has received over seventy-five million signatures of support worldwide,", "Recognizing the need to respect and understand religious and cultural diversity throughout the world, to choose negotiation over confrontation and to work together rather than against each other,", "Welcoming the report of the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization on the implementation of resolution 65/11, transmitted by the Secretary-General, [6]", "Welcoming also the report of the Secretary-General on intercultural, interreligious and intercivilizational dialogue,[7]", "Recalling the proclamation by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization of 21 February as International Mother Language Day, which aims to protect, promote and preserve linguistic and cultural diversity and multilingualism in order to foster and enrich a culture of peace, social harmony, intercultural dialogue and mutual understanding,", "Appreciating the continuing and intensified efforts of the United Nations Alliance of Civilizations to promote a culture of peace through a number of practical projects involving youth, education, the media and migration, in cooperation with Governments, international organizations, foundations and civil society groups, as well as media and business leaders,", "Welcoming the adoption by the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization at its thirty-sixth session of the Programme of Action for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence, and noting that the objectives of the Programme of Action are consistent with the Declaration and Programme of Action on a Culture of Peace adopted by the General Conference,", "Encouraging civil society organizations around the world to sustain and intensify their efforts and activities to promote a culture of peace as envisaged in the Programme of Action,", "Reaffirms that the goal of the effective implementation of the Programme of Action on a Culture of Peace2 is to strengthen further the global movement for a culture of peace following the International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World (2001-2010), and calls upon all parties concerned to give renewed attention to this goal;", "2. Invites Member States to continue to pay increased attention and expand their activities to promote a culture of peace at the national, regional and international levels in order to ensure that peace and non-violence are promoted at all levels;", "Invites entities of the United Nations system, within their existing mandates, to include, as appropriate, areas of action for the Programme of Action in their programmes of activities focusing on the promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence at the national, regional and international levels;", "4. Commends the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, whose fundamental mandate is the promotion of a culture of peace, for further strengthening its activities to promote a culture of peace, including the promotion of education for peace throughout the world and the dissemination of the Declaration and Programme of Action on a Culture of Peace and related materials in various languages;", "Invites the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization to consider the possibility of creating a special fund under the Organization to meet the specific needs of country-specific projects for the effective promotion of a culture of peace;", "6. Commends the relevant United Nations bodies, in particular the United Nations Children ' s Fund, the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN-Women) and the University for Peace, for their activities in further promoting a culture of peace and non-violence, including the promotion of peace education and activities related to specific areas identified in the Programme of Action, and encourages them to continue to further strengthen and expand their efforts;", "7. Encourages the Peacebuilding Commission to continue to promote peacebuilding activities and a culture of peace and non-violence in post-conflict peacebuilding efforts at the country level;", "Urges the relevant authorities to provide age-appropriate education for children in schools, including courses on mutual understanding, tolerance, active citizenship, human rights and the promotion of a culture of peace;", "9. Encourages further involvement of the media, in particular the mass media, in promoting a culture of peace and non-violence, in particular targeting children and young people;", "10. Commends civil society, non-governmental organizations and youth for their activities in further promoting a culture of peace and non-violence, including their campaigns to promote a culture of peace;", "Encourages civil society and non-governmental organizations to strengthen further their efforts to promote a culture of peace, including through the development of their respective programmes of activities, in accordance with the Declaration and the Programme of Action, in cooperation with the initiatives of Member States, organizations of the United Nations system and other international and regional organizations;", "Stresses the role of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in mobilizing all relevant stakeholders within and outside the United Nations system in support of cultural diversity, intercultural dialogue and a culture of peace, and invites the Organization to continue to strengthen communication and outreach, including through the culture of peace web site, in order to contribute to the achievement of the objectives of the newly adopted Programme of Action for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence at the national, regional and global levels;", "13. Invites Member States, parts of the United Nations system and civil society organizations, including the Committee of Non-Governmental Organizations to the United Nations on the International Day of Peace, in accordance with General Assembly resolution 55/282 of 7 September 2001, to pay increasing attention to the observance of the International Day of Peace as a global day of ceasefire and non-violence on 21 September each year;", "14. Invites the Secretary-General, within existing resources, in consultation with Member States and taking into account the views of civil society organizations, to explore ways and means to strengthen mechanisms and strategies for the implementation of the Declaration and the Programme of Action and to initiate outreach efforts to raise global awareness of and promote the implementation of the Programme of Action and its eight areas of action;", "15. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session a report on the action taken to implement the present resolution and on the activities strengthened by the United Nations and its subsidiary bodies to implement the Programme of Action and to promote a culture of peace and non-violence;", "Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the item entitled “Culture of peace”.", "12 December 2011", "83rd plenary meeting", "[1] Resolution 53/243 A.", "[2] Resolution 53/243 B.", "[3] See resolution 55/2.", "[4] See resolution 60/1.", "[5] See resolution 61/271.", "[6] See A/66/273.", "[7] A/66/280.", "[8] www.3.unesco.org/iycp/." ]

[ "2011年12月15日大会决议", "[未经发交主要委员会而通过(A/66/L.26和Add.1)]", "66/117. 人道主义人员的安全保障和对联合国人员的保护", "大会，", "重申其关于加强联合国人道主义紧急援助协调的1991年12月19日第46/182号决议，", "回顾关于人道主义人员的安全保障和对联合国人员的保护的所有有关决议，包括其2010年12月15日第65/132号决议，并回顾安全理事会2003年8月26日第1502(2003)号决议和安理会主席的有关声明，", "又回顾安全理事会关于武装冲突中保护平民的所有决议和主席声明以及秘书长就此提交安理会的报告，", "还回顾国际法，包括国际人道主义法和人权法以及所有相关条约[1] 的所有有关规定，", "重申需要促进国际法，包括国际人道主义法的原则和规则，确保它们得到尊重，", "又重申提供人道主义援助时保持中立、人道、不偏不倚和独立的原则，", "回顾，根据国际法，按照《联合国宪章》或与有关组织缔结的协定开展的联合国行动的东道国政府负有保障人道主义人员和联合国人员及有关人员的安全和为其提供保护的主要责任，", "感谢那些尊重关于保护人道主义人员和联合国人员的国际商定原则的政府，同时对这些原则在一些地区未得到尊重表示关切，", "敦促武装冲突的所有当事方遵守国际人道主义法，特别是履行1949年8月12日日内瓦四公约[2] 为其规定的义务以及日内瓦四公约1977年6月8日《附加议定书》[3] 中对它们适用的义务，保障所有人道主义人员和联合国人员及有关人员的安全和为其提供保护，", "欣见1999年1月15日生效的《联合国人员和有关人员安全公约》[4] 的缔约国数目在继续增加，目前已有八十九个，铭记需要推动各国普遍参加该《公约》，并欣见《联合国人员和有关人员安全公约任择议定书》[5] 于2010年8月19日生效，扩大了该《公约》提供法律保护的范围，", "深为关切人道主义人员和联合国人员及有关人员在外地面临的危险和安全风险，因为他们开展业务的环境越来越复杂，而且在很多情况下，对国际法，特别是国际人道主义法原则和规则的尊重在不断减损，", "强调指出必须充分尊重相关国际文书规定的有关人道主义人员和联合国人员及有关人员的车辆和房舍使用的义务，并充分尊重与日内瓦四公约承认的特殊标志相关的义务，", "赞扬经常甘愿自己冒重大危险而参加人道主义行动的人员，尤其是当地征聘工作人员的勇气和献身精神，", "注意到联合国系统大约1%的工作人员受到严重安全事故的影响，并注意到2010年因暴力行为死亡或受伤的联合国工作人员数量显著减少，但关切地注意到2011年上半年因暴力行为死亡或受伤的联合国工作人员数量增加，", "对参与提供人道主义援助的国际和国家人道主义人员和联合国人员及有关人员丧生和遭受暴力行为深表遗憾，并对他们在复杂的人道主义紧急情况下，特别是在武装冲突中和冲突后情况下遭受伤亡深感痛惜，", "深切关注对人道主义人员和联合国人员及有关人员的攻击和威胁所造成的深远、长久的影响，", "强烈谴责特别是对妇女和儿童施行的凶杀和其他形式的暴力、强奸和性侵犯以及各种形式的暴力行径，强烈谴责针对参与人道主义行动者的恐吓、武装抢劫、劫持、扣留人质、绑架、骚扰及非法逮捕和拘禁，并强烈谴责袭击人道主义车队和破坏与抢劫财产的行为，", "深切关注对人道主义人员和联合国人员及有关人员的攻击和威胁是援助和保护处于困境的人民日益受到限制的一个因素，", "申明各国必须确保那些在其领土上攻击人道主义人员和联合国人员及有关人员的人无法逃避惩处，并确保按照本国法律和国际法规定的义务，将实施攻击的人绳之以法，", "回顾《国际刑事法院罗马规约》[6] 将对根据《宪章》参与人道主义援助或执行维持和平任务的人的蓄意攻击列为战争罪，注意到该法院可在适当情况下发挥作用，将那些要对严重违反国际人道主义法行为负责的人绳之以法，", "重申需要确保联合国人员和有关人道主义人员，包括当地征聘人员，享有适当的安全保障，因为这是本组织的一项基本职责，注意到需要在联合国的组织文化中提高和强化安保意识，在各级培养和加强一种勇于负责的文化，并继续提高对各国和当地文化和法律的认识和敏感性，", "严重关注联合国人员和有关人员的事故频发并因而造成众多人员伤亡，意识到道路安全在确保联合国人道主义行动的持续性和防止平民和联合国人员和有关人员伤亡方面的重要性，在这方面对此类事故造成平民丧生感到遗憾，", "注意到在围绕联合国人员和有关人员安保问题相互开展良好合作过程中，联合国与东道国在应急规划、信息交换和风险评估方面加强密切协作十分重要，", "1. 欣见秘书长关于联合国人员和有关人员的安全保障的报告；[7]", "2. 敦促所有国家全力确保国际法，包括国际人道主义法、人权法和难民法中关于人道主义人员和联合国人员的安全保障的各项原则和规则都充分有效地得到执行；", "3. 强烈敦促所有国家采取必要措施，保障人道主义人员和联合国人员及有关人员的安全，尊重联合国房地的不可侵犯性并使其不受侵犯，因为这是联合国继续成功地开展行动必不可缺的；", "4. 吁请在有人道主义人员开展活动的国家境内，处于复杂的人道主义紧急情况，特别是武装冲突和冲突后情况的各国政府和各方，遵照国际法和国内法的有关规定，同联合国及其他人道主义机构和组织充分合作，确保人道主义人员安全无阻地通行以及用品和设备得到运送，让这些人员高效开展工作，向受影响的平民，包括难民和国内流离失所者提供援助；", "5. 吁请所有国家考虑参加有关国际文书，并充分遵守这些文书为其规定的义务；", "6. 又吁请所有国家考虑参加《国际刑事法院罗马规约》；⁶", "7. 还吁请所有国家考虑参加《联合国人员和有关人员安全公约任择议定书》，⁵ 并敦促缔约国制定必要的相关国内法，使该《议定书》得到有效执行；", "8. 吁请所有国家、武装冲突的所有方面和所有人道主义行为体尊重提供人道主义援助时保持中立、人道、不偏不倚和独立的原则，", "9. 深切关注对人道主义人员和联合国人员及有关人员的威胁和蓄意将其作为目标的现象继续发生，出现了危害这些人员安全保障的具有政治或犯罪动机的攻击这一令人不安的趋势；", "10. 欣见女性联合国人员及有关人员在联合国人道主义行动中作出贡献，关注这些人员有时相对更多地遭受某些形式的犯罪行为以及恐吓和骚扰行为的侵害，并强烈敦促联合国系统和会员国采取适当行动确保她们的安全和保障；", "11. 强烈谴责所有针对人道主义人员和联合国人员及有关人员的威胁和暴力行为，重申必须追究要对这类行为负责的人的责任，强烈敦促所有国家采取更大力度的行动，确保彻底调查在其领土上发生的这类行为，确保根据本国法律和国际法规定的义务，将这类行为的实施者绳之以法，敦促各国结束这类行为不受惩处的局面；", "12. 吁请所有国家充分履行国际人道主义法为其规定的义务，包括1949年8月12日《关于战时保护平民之日内瓦公约》[8] 规定的义务，以尊重和保护其管辖领土上的平民，包括人道主义人员；", "13. 又吁请所有国家在人道主义人员或联合国人员及有关人员被捕或被拘禁时，迅速提供足够的信息，让他们享有必要的医疗协助，准许独立的医护人员前往探视，检查他们的健康状况，敦促各国采取必要措施，以便确保以违反本决议所提到的有关公约和违反适用国际人道主义法的方式遭受逮捕或拘禁的人获得迅速释放；", "14. 吁请参与武装冲突的其他各方不要违反本决议所提到的有关公约和适用的国际人道主义法，对人道主义人员或联合国人员及有关人员进行劫持、扣留人质、绑架或拘禁，并在不加伤害或不要求让步的情况下，迅速释放被劫持者或被拘禁者；", "15. 请秘书长采取必要措施，促使为完成联合国行动的任务而开展活动的联合国人员和其他人员的人权、特权和豁免充分得到尊重，又请秘书长在谈判涉及联合国人员及有关人员的总部协定和其他特派团协定时，争取列入《联合国特权及豁免公约》、[9] 《各专门机构特权及豁免公约》[10] 以及《联合国人员和有关人员安全公约》⁴ 中的适用条件；", "16. 建议秘书长继续争取将《联合国人员和有关人员安全公约》的主要条款，特别是关于防止参与行动的人遭受袭击、将这种袭击定为可依法惩处的罪行以及起诉或引渡犯罪者的规定，列入今后联合国与东道国谈判缔结的部队地位协定、特派团地位协定和东道国协定以及其他有关协定，并在必要时，将其列入现有的这类协定，同时建议东道国也这样做，铭记及时缔结这些协定的重要性，鼓励在这方面进一步作出努力；", "17. 重申按照国际法和《联合国宪章》，所有人道主义人员和联合国人员及有关人员都有义务尊重，并在有规定时，遵守他们开展工作所在国的国内法；", "18. 强调指出必须确保人道主义人员和联合国人员及有关人员了解并注意尊重执行任务所在国的民族和地方习俗与传统，并向当地民众明确阐述自己的目的和目标；", "19. 请秘书长继续采取必要措施，确保为完成联合国行动的任务开展活动的联合国人员和其他人员适当了解最低运作安保标准有关的行为守则，并据其开展工作，适当了解他们要在何种情况下开展工作和要遵守的标准，包括有关的国内法和国际法所载的标准，确保为他们充分提供安保、人权法和国际人道主义法方面的培训，以增强他们的安全，让他们更有效地履行职责，并重申所有其他人道主义组织都需要为其人员提供类似的支持；", "20. 又请秘书长继续与会员国协调，采取必要措施，确保所有联合国房地和财产，包括工作人员住所，都符合联合国最低运作安保标准和联合国其他相关的安保标准；", "21. 欣见秘书长正在作出努力，确保所有联合国人员接受足够的安全保障培训，强调指出需要继续改进培训，使这些人员在部署到外地前提高文化认识和对有关法律包括国际人道主义法的了解，并重申其他所有人道主义组织都需要为其人员提供类似的支持；", "22. 又欣见秘书长努力向受安全保障事件影响的联合国人员提供辅导和支助服务，并强调向全系统范围内的联合国人员提供压力管理、心理健康及有关服务的重要性，并鼓励所有人道主义组织向其工作人员提供类似支助；", "23. 赞赏地注意到秘书长和联合国系统正在采取措施，加强道路安全，包括通过加强培训和有关举措，改进道路安全，从而减少道路危险引发的事故，请秘书长继续收集分析数据，并报告关于道路事件，包括道路事故造成平民伤亡的情况；", "24. 欣见在努力进一步加强联合国安保管理系统方面取得的进展，并支持把重点放在有效管理工作人员面临的风险方面，从而使联合国系统能够完成其各项任务、方案和活动，并鼓励联合国及其他相关人道主义行动者与国家和地方政府建立良好关系与信任，争取获得地方社区及所有相关行动者的接受，将此作为其风险管理战略的一部分；", "25. 鼓励秘书长继续制定有利的办法，便利部署适当合格的联合国安保人员，并加强联合国部署工作人员的能力；", "26. 请秘书长通过机构间安保管理网等途径继续在规划和执行旨在加强工作人员安保、训练和认识的措施时，推动联合国各部厅、组织、基金和方案以及附属国际组织加强合作协调，包括加强其总部和外地办事处之间的合作协调，并吁请联合国所有相关部厅、组织、基金和方案以及附属国际组织支持这些工作；", "27. 吁请所有相关行为体在公开声明中全力支持为人道主义人员和联合国人员及有关人员的安全保障创造一个有利的环境；", "28. 强调需要特别注意当地聘用的人道主义人员的安全保障，他们特别容易受到攻击，包括遭到绑架、骚扰、抢劫和恐吓，并在伤亡者中占多数，请秘书长定期审查联合国涉及当地聘用人员的有关安全保障政策及业务和行政安排，吁请联合国及人道主义组织确保其人员充分得到咨询，了解所属组织的有关安保措施、计划和举措，并得到这方面的培训，且这些措施、计划和举措都应符合适用的国内法和国际法；", "29. 赞赏地注意到在执行世界各地联合国人员及房舍安全保障问题独立审查小组的建议，[11] 包括修订问责框架方面据报已取得进展，要求继续执行这些建议，并期待秘书长就安全保障问题向大会第六十七届会议提交报告，包括酌情探讨促进安保管理系统发展的改进和创新方法；", "30. 请秘书处安全和安保部进一步加强对各种威胁的分析，继续改进并实施有效、现代和灵活的信息管理能力，以支持分析和业务需求，包括全系统范围内正在进行的对最佳做法及关于涉及人道主义人员和联合国人员及有关人员的安全和安保事件(包括对这些人员的攻击)的范围和规模的信息的分析，以便就如何减少与联合国相关的各项行动中出现的风险，作出客观且循证的决定；", "31. 欢迎秘书长为加强同东道国政府的安保合作开展工作，包括努力支持联合国指定官员就工作人员的安全保障同东道国当局协作；", "32. 强调指出要在国家一级有效采取安保行动，就要拥有统一的能力来作出决策、制订标准、进行协调、开展宣传、遵守规则以及评估威胁和风险，并注意到这种能力对联合国人员及有关人员产生的惠益，包括安全和安保部在成立之后产生的惠益；", "33. 确认秘书长迄今采取的步骤，并确认，在与人道主义人员和联合国人员及有关人员的安全保障有关的事项上，联合国与其他人道主义组织和非政府组织在总部和外地都需要继续努力加强协调与合作，以便解决在外地共同遇到的安保问题，同时考虑到这方面的相关国内和当地举措，包括在“共同拯救生命”框架内采取的举措，鼓励合作采取举措来满足安保培训需求，邀请会员国考虑增加对这些举措的支助，并请秘书长报告就此采取的步骤；", "34. 着重指出迫切需要通过经常资源和预算外资源，包括借助联合呼吁程序，为联合国人员的安全保障划拨充足且可预测的资源，鼓励所有国家向联合国系统工作人员安全信托基金捐款，以期除其他外，加强安全和安保部为在保障各方案的安全执行方面完成任务和行使职责而作出的努力；", "35. 又着重指出联合国和东道国政府需要根据国际法和国内法的相关规定，在使用和部署必要装备，用以确保运送联合国组织人道主义援助的联合国人员和有关人员的安全保障方面，更好地进行协调；", "36. 回顾电信资源在促进人道主义人员和联合国人员及有关人员的安全方面起着重大作用，吁请各国考虑加入或批准于2005年1月8日生效的1998年6月18日《为减灾救灾行动提供电信资源的坦佩雷公约》，[12] 并敦促它们依照本国法律和对其适用的国际义务，推动和加速在这类行动中使用通信设备，特别是减少并尽可能迅速解除对联合国人员及有关人员使用通信设备的限制；", "37. 请秘书长就人道主义人员的安全保障和对联合国人员的保护以及本决议执行情况向大会第六十七届会议提交一份全面增订报告。", "2011年12月15日", "第86次全体会议", "[1] 其中主要包括1946年2月13日《联合国特权及豁免公约》、1947年11月21日《各专门机构特权及豁免公约》、1994年12月9日《联合国人员和有关人员安全公约》、2005年12月8日《联合国人员和有关人员安全公约任择议定书》、1949年8月12日《关于战时保护平民之日内瓦公约》和日内瓦四公约的1977年6月8日《附加议定书》以及1980年10月10日《禁止或限制使用某些可被认为具有过份伤害力或滥杀滥伤作用的常规武器公约》的1996年5月3日《第二修正议定书》。", "[2] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第75卷，第970-973号。", "[3] 同上，第1125卷，第17512和17513号。", "[4] 同上，第2051卷，第35457号。", "[5] 第60/42号决议，附件。", "[6] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第2187卷，第38544号。", "[7] A/66/345。", "[8] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第75卷，第973号。", "[9] 第22A(I)号决议。", "[10] 第179(II)号决议。", "[11] 可查阅www.un.org/News/dh/infocus/terrorism/PanelOnSafetyReport.pdf。", "[12] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第2296卷，第40906号。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 15 December 2011", "[without reference to a Main Committee (A/66/L.26 and Add.1)]", "66/117. Safety and security of humanitarian personnel and protection of United Nations personnel", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming its resolution 46/182 of 19 December 1991 on the strengthening of the coordination of humanitarian emergency assistance of the United Nations,", "Recalling all relevant resolutions on safety and security of humanitarian personnel and protection of United Nations personnel, including its resolution 65/132 of 15 December 2010, as well as Security Council resolution 1502 (2003) of 26 August 2003 and relevant statements by the President of the Council,", "Recalling also all Security Council resolutions and presidential statements and reports of the Secretary-General to the Council on the protection of civilians in armed conflict,", "Recalling further all relevant provisions of international law, including international humanitarian law and human rights law, as well as all relevant treaties,[1]", "Reaffirming the need to promote and ensure respect for the principles and rules of international law, including international humanitarian law,", "Reaffirming also the principles of neutrality, humanity, impartiality and independence for the provision of humanitarian assistance,", "Recalling that primary responsibility under international law for the security and protection of humanitarian personnel and United Nations and associated personnel lies with the Government hosting a United Nations operation conducted under the Charter of the United Nations or its agreements with relevant organizations,", "Expressing its appreciation to those Governments which respect the internationally agreed principles on the protection of humanitarian and United Nations personnel, while expressing concern over the lack of respect for these principles in some areas,", "Urging all parties involved in armed conflicts, in compliance with international humanitarian law, in particular their obligations under the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949[2] and the obligations applicable to them under the Additional Protocols thereto of 8 June 1977,[3] to ensure the security and protection of all humanitarian personnel and United Nations and associated personnel,", "Welcoming the fact that the number of States parties to the Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel,[4] which entered into force on 15 January 1999, has continued to rise, the number now having reached eighty-nine, mindful of the need to promote the universality of the Convention, and welcoming the entry into force on 19 August 2010 of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel,[5] which expands the scope of legal protection under the Convention,", "Deeply concerned by the dangers and security risks faced by humanitarian personnel and United Nations and associated personnel at the field level, as they operate in increasingly complex contexts, as well as the continuous erosion, in many cases, of respect for the principles and rules of international law, in particular international humanitarian law,", "Stressing the importance of fully respecting the obligations relating to the use of vehicles and premises of humanitarian personnel and United Nations and associated personnel as defined by relevant international instruments, as well as the obligations relating to distinctive emblems recognized in the Geneva Conventions,", "Commending the courage and commitment of those who take part in humanitarian operations, often at great personal risk, especially locally recruited staff,", "Noting that about one per cent of United Nations system personnel have been affected by significant security incidents, and noting the substantial reduction in the number of United Nations personnel killed or injured by violence in 2010, while noting with concern the increase in the number of United Nations personnel killed or injured by violence in the first half of 2011,", "Expressing profound regret at the deaths of and violent acts against international and national humanitarian personnel and United Nations and associated personnel involved in the provision of humanitarian assistance, and strongly deploring the casualties among such personnel in complex humanitarian emergencies, in particular in armed conflicts and in post-conflict situations,", "Expressing deep concern at the deep and long-lasting impacts of attacks and threats against humanitarian personnel and United Nations and associated personnel,", "Strongly condemning acts of murder and other forms of violence, rape and sexual assault and all forms of violence committed in particular against women and children, and intimidation, armed robbery, abduction, hostage-taking, kidnapping, harassment and illegal arrest and detention to which those participating in humanitarian operations are exposed, as well as attacks on humanitarian convoys and acts of destruction and looting of property,", "Expressing deep concern that the occurrence of attacks and threats against humanitarian personnel and United Nations and associated personnel is a factor that increasingly restricts the provision of assistance and protection to populations in need,", "Affirming the need for States to ensure that perpetrators of attacks committed on their territory against humanitarian personnel and United Nations and associated personnel do not operate with impunity, and that the perpetrators of such acts are brought to justice, as provided for by national laws and obligations under international law,", "Recalling the inclusion of attacks intentionally directed against personnel involved in a humanitarian assistance or peacekeeping mission in accordance with the Charter as a war crime in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court,[6] and noting the role that the Court can play in appropriate cases in bringing to justice those responsible for serious violations of international humanitarian law,", "Reaffirming the need to ensure adequate levels of safety and security for United Nations personnel and associated humanitarian personnel, including locally recruited staff, which constitutes an underlying duty of the Organization, and mindful of the need to promote and enhance security consciousness within the organizational culture of the United Nations and a culture of accountability at all levels, as well as to continue to promote awareness of and sensitivity to national and local cultures and laws,", "Gravely concerned at the high number of accidents and resulting casualties among United Nations and associated personnel, and conscious of the importance of road safety in ensuring the continuity of United Nations humanitarian operations and preventing casualties among civilians and United Nations and associated personnel, and in this regard regretting the loss of civilian life as a result of such incidents,", "Noting the importance of reinforcing close collaboration between the United Nations and the host country on contingency planning, information exchange and risk assessment in the context of good mutual cooperation on issues relating to the security of United Nations and associated personnel,", "1. Welcomes the report of the Secretary-General on safety and security of United Nations and associated personnel;[7]", "2. Urges all States to make every effort to ensure the full and effective implementation of the relevant principles and rules of international law, including international humanitarian law, human rights law and refugee law related to the safety and security of humanitarian personnel and United Nations personnel;", "3. Strongly urges all States to take the necessary measures to ensure the safety and security of humanitarian personnel and United Nations and associated personnel and to respect and ensure respect for the inviolability of United Nations premises, which are essential to the continuation and successful implementation of United Nations operations;", "4. Calls upon all Governments and parties in complex humanitarian emergencies, in particular in armed conflicts and in post-conflict situations, in countries in which humanitarian personnel are operating, in conformity with the relevant provisions of international law and national laws, to cooperate fully with the United Nations and other humanitarian agencies and organizations and to ensure the safe and unhindered access of humanitarian personnel and delivery of supplies and equipment, in order to allow those personnel to perform efficiently their task of assisting the affected civilian population, including refugees and internally displaced persons;", "5. Calls upon all States to consider becoming parties to and to respect fully their obligations under the relevant international instruments;", "6. Also calls upon all States to consider becoming parties to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court;⁶", "7. Further calls upon all States to consider becoming parties to the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel,⁵ and urges States parties to put in place appropriate national legislation, as necessary, to enable its effective implementation;", "8. Calls upon all States, all parties involved in armed conflict and all humanitarian actors to respect the principles of neutrality, humanity, impartiality and independence for the provision of humanitarian assistance;", "9. Expresses deep concern over the continuing threats and deliberate targeting of and the disturbing trend of politically or criminally motivated attacks against the safety and security of humanitarian personnel and United Nations and associated personnel;", "10. Welcomes the contribution of female United Nations and associated personnel in United Nations humanitarian operations, expresses concern that in some cases these personnel are relatively more exposed to certain forms of crime and acts of intimidation and harassment, and strongly urges the United Nations system and Member States to take appropriate action for their safety and security;", "11. Strongly condemns all threats and acts of violence against humanitarian personnel and United Nations and associated personnel, reaffirms the need to hold accountable those responsible for such acts, strongly urges all States to take stronger action to ensure that any such acts committed on their territory are investigated fully and to ensure that the perpetrators of such acts are brought to justice in accordance with national laws and obligations under international law, and urges States to end impunity for such acts;", "12. Calls upon all States to comply fully with their obligations under international humanitarian law, including as provided by the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War of 12 August 1949,[8] in order to respect and protect civilians, including humanitarian personnel, in territories subject to their jurisdiction;", "13. Also calls upon all States to provide adequate and prompt information in the event of the arrest or detention of humanitarian personnel or United Nations and associated personnel, so as to afford them the necessary medical assistance and to allow independent medical teams to visit and examine the health of those detained, and urges them to take the necessary measures to ensure the speedy release of those who have been arrested or detained in violation of the relevant conventions referred to in the present resolution and applicable international humanitarian law;", "14. Calls upon all other parties involved in armed conflict to refrain from abducting, taking hostage or kidnapping humanitarian personnel or United Nations and associated personnel or detaining them in violation of the relevant conventions referred to in the present resolution and applicable international humanitarian law, and speedily to release, without harm or requirement of concession, any abductee or detainee;", "15. Requests the Secretary-General to take the necessary measures to promote full respect for the human rights, privileges and immunities of United Nations and other personnel carrying out activities in fulfilment of the mandate of a United Nations operation, and also requests the Secretary-General to seek the inclusion, in negotiations of headquarters and other mission agreements concerning United Nations and associated personnel, of the applicable conditions contained in the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations,[9] the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies[10] and the Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel;⁴", "16. Recommends that the Secretary-General continue to seek the inclusion of, and that host countries include, key provisions of the Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel, among others, those regarding the prevention of attacks against members of the operation, the establishment of such attacks as crimes punishable by law and the prosecution or extradition of offenders, in future as well as, if necessary, in existing status-of-forces, status-of-mission, host country and other related agreements negotiated between the United Nations and those countries, mindful of the importance of the timely conclusion of such agreements, and encourages further efforts in this regard;", "17. Reaffirms the obligation of all humanitarian personnel and United Nations and associated personnel to respect and, where required, observe the national laws of the country in which they are operating, in accordance with international law and the Charter of the United Nations;", "18. Stresses the importance of ensuring that humanitarian personnel and United Nations and associated personnel are aware of and sensitive to national and local customs and traditions in their countries of assignment and communicate clearly their purpose and objectives to local populations;", "19. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to take the necessary measures to ensure that United Nations and other personnel carrying out activities in fulfilment of the mandate of a United Nations operation are properly informed about and operate in conformity with the minimum operating security standards and relevant codes of conduct and are properly informed about the conditions under which they are called upon to operate and the standards that they are required to meet, including those contained in relevant national laws and international law, and that adequate training in security, human rights law and international humanitarian law is provided so as to enhance their security and effectiveness in accomplishing their functions, and reaffirms the necessity for all other humanitarian organizations to provide their personnel with similar support;", "20. Also requests the Secretary-General to continue, in coordination with Member States, to take the necessary measures to ensure that all United Nations premises and assets, including staff residences, are compliant with the United Nations minimum operating security standards and other relevant United Nations security standards;", "21. Welcomes the ongoing efforts of the Secretary-General to ensure that all United Nations personnel receive adequate safety and security training, stresses the need to continue to improve training so as to enhance cultural awareness and knowledge of relevant law, including international humanitarian law, prior to their deployment to the field, and reaffirms the necessity for all other humanitarian organizations to provide their personnel with similar support;", "22. Also welcomes the efforts of the Secretary-General to provide counselling and support services to United Nations personnel affected by safety and security incidents, and emphasizes the importance of making available stress management, mental health and related services for United Nations personnel throughout the system, and encourages all humanitarian organizations to provide their personnel with similar support;", "23. Notes with appreciation the ongoing measures taken by the Secretary-General and the United Nations system to enhance road safety, including through improved training and initiatives to promote road safety so as to reduce incidents caused by road hazards, and requests the Secretary-General to continue the collection and analysis of data and to report on road incidents, including civilian casualties resulting from road accidents;", "24. Welcomes the progress made towards further enhancing the security management system of the United Nations and supports the focus on enabling the United Nations system to deliver its mandates, programmes and activities by effectively managing the risks to which personnel are exposed, and encourages the United Nations and other relevant humanitarian actors to include as part of their risk-management strategy the building of good relations and trust with national and local governments and the promotion of acceptance by local communities and all relevant actors;", "25. Encourages the Secretary-General to continue developing enabling procedures that facilitate the deployment of suitably qualified United Nations security personnel and that strengthen the ability of the United Nations to deploy its personnel;", "26. Requests the Secretary-General, inter alia through the Inter-Agency Security Management Network, to continue the increased cooperation and collaboration among United Nations departments, organizations, funds and programmes and affiliated international organizations, including between their headquarters and field offices, in the planning and implementation of measures aimed at improving staff security, training and awareness, and calls upon all relevant United Nations departments, organizations, funds and programmes and affiliated international organizations to support those efforts;", "27. Calls upon all relevant actors to make every effort to support in their public statements a favourable environment for the safety and security of humanitarian personnel and United Nations and associated personnel;", "28. Emphasizes the need to pay particular attention to the safety and security of locally recruited humanitarian personnel, who are particularly vulnerable to attacks and who account for the majority of casualties, including in cases of kidnapping, harassment, banditry and intimidation, requests the Secretary-General to keep under review the relevant United Nations safety and security policy, operational and administrative arrangements related to locally recruited personnel, and calls upon the United Nations and humanitarian organizations to ensure that their personnel are adequately consulted on, informed about and trained in the relevant security measures, plans and initiatives of their respective organizations, which should be in line with applicable national laws and international law;", "29. Notes with appreciation the progress reported in implementing the recommendations of the Independent Panel on Safety and Security of United Nations Personnel and Premises Worldwide,[11] including the revision of the accountability framework, requests the continued implementation of the recommendations, and looks forward to the report of the Secretary-General on safety and security, including on refinements and innovations, as appropriate, for the development of the security management system, to be submitted to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "30. Requests the Department of Safety and Security of the Secretariat to further strengthen the analysis of threats and to continue to improve and implement an effective, modern and flexible information management capacity in support of analytical and operational requirements, including the ongoing system-wide analysis of best practices and information on the range and scope of safety and security incidents involving humanitarian personnel and United Nations and associated personnel, including attacks against them, in order to make objective and evidence-based decisions on how to reduce the risks arising in the context of United Nations related operations;", "31. Welcomes the work of the Secretary-General in enhancing security collaboration with host Governments, including efforts to support United Nations designated officials with regard to collaboration with host Government authorities on staff safety and security;", "32. Stresses that the effective functioning at the country level of security operations requires a unified capacity for policy, standards, coordination, communication, compliance and threat and risk assessment, and notes the benefits thereof to United Nations and associated personnel, including those achieved by the Department of Safety and Security since its establishment;", "33. Recognizes the steps taken by the Secretary-General thus far, as well as the need for continued efforts to enhance coordination and cooperation, at both the headquarters and the field levels, between the United Nations and other humanitarian and non-governmental organizations on matters relating to the safety and security of humanitarian personnel and United Nations and associated personnel, with a view to addressing mutual security concerns in the field, taking into account relevant national and local initiatives in this regard, inter alia, those derived from the “Saving Lives Together” framework, encourages collaborative initiatives to address security training needs, invites Member States to consider increasing support to those initiatives, and requests the Secretary-General to report on steps taken in this regard;", "34. Underlines the urgent need to allocate adequate and predictable resources to the safety and security of United Nations personnel, through regular and extrabudgetary resources, including through the consolidated appeals process, and encourages all States to contribute to the Trust Fund for Security of Staff Members of the United Nations System, inter alia, with a view to reinforcing the efforts of the Department of Safety and Security to meet its mandate and responsibilities to enable the safe delivery of programmes;", "35. Also underlines the need for better coordination between the United Nations and host Governments, in accordance with the relevant provisions of international law and national laws, on the use and deployment of essential equipment required to provide for the safety and security of United Nations personnel and associated personnel working in the delivery of humanitarian assistance by United Nations organizations;", "36. Recalls the essential role of telecommunications resources in facilitating the safety of humanitarian personnel and United Nations and associated personnel, calls upon States to consider acceding to or ratifying the Tampere Convention on the Provision of Telecommunication Resources for Disaster Mitigation and Relief Operations of 18 June 1998,[12] which entered into force on 8 January 2005, and urges them to facilitate and expedite, consistent with their national laws and international obligations applicable to them, the use of communications equipment in such operations, inter alia, by limiting and, whenever possible, expeditiously lifting the restrictions placed on the use of communications equipment by United Nations and associated personnel;", "37. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session a comprehensive and updated report on the safety and security of humanitarian personnel and protection of United Nations personnel and on the implementation of the present resolution.", "86th plenary meeting 15 December 2011", "[1]  These include, notably, the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations of 13 February 1946, the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies of 21 November 1947, the Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel of 9 December 1994, the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel of 8 December 2005, the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War of 12 August 1949 and the Additional Protocols to the Geneva Conventions of 8 June 1977, and Amended Protocol II of 3 May 1996 to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects of 10 October 1980.", "[2]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 75, Nos. 970–973.", "[3]  Ibid., vol. 1125, Nos. 17512 and 17513.", "[4]  Ibid., vol. 2051, No. 35457.", "[5]  Resolution 60/42, annex.", "[6]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2187, No. 38544.", "[7]  A/66/345.", "[8]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 75, No. 973.", "[9]  Resolution 22 A (I).", "[10]  Resolution 179 (II).", "[11]  Available from www.un.org/News/dh/infocus/terrorism/PanelOnSafetyReport.pdf.", "[12]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2296, No. 40906." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 15 December 2011", "[without reference to a Main Committee (A/66/L.26 and Add.1)]", "66/117. Safety and security of humanitarian personnel and protection of United Nations personnel", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming its resolution 46/182 of 19 December 1991 on the strengthening of the coordination of emergency humanitarian assistance of the United Nations,", "Recalling all relevant resolutions on the safety and security of humanitarian personnel and protection of United Nations personnel, including its resolution 65/132 of 15 December 2010, and Security Council resolution 1502 (2003) of 26 August 2003 and relevant statements by the President of the Council,", "Recalling also all Security Council resolutions and presidential statements and the reports of the Secretary-General to the Council on the protection of civilians in armed conflict,", "Recalling further all relevant provisions of international law, including international humanitarian law and human rights law, and all relevant treaties,", "Reaffirming the need to promote and ensure respect for the principles and rules of international law, including international humanitarian law,", "Reaffirming also the principles of neutrality, humanity, impartiality and independence for the provision of humanitarian assistance,", "Recalling that, under international law, the primary responsibility for the security and protection of humanitarian personnel and United Nations and associated personnel lies with the Government hosting a United Nations operation conducted under the Charter of the United Nations or its agreements with relevant organizations,", "Expressing its appreciation to those Governments that have respected the internationally agreed principles for the protection of humanitarian and United Nations personnel, while expressing concern that those principles have not been respected in some regions,", "Urging all parties to armed conflicts to ensure the safety and protection of all humanitarian personnel and United Nations and associated personnel, in compliance with international humanitarian law, in particular their obligations under the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 and the obligations applicable to them under the Additional Protocols thereto of 8 June 1977,", "Welcoming the continued increase in the number of States parties to the Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel, which entered into force on 15 January 1999, which now stands at eighty-nine, mindful of the need to promote universal adherence to the Convention, and welcoming the entry into force of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel on 19 August 2010, which broadened the scope of legal protection under the Convention,", "Deeply concerned about the dangers and security risks faced by humanitarian personnel and United Nations and associated personnel at the field level as they operate in an increasingly complex environment and, in many cases, in a context of continuous erosion of respect for the principles and rules of international law, in particular international humanitarian law,", "Stressing the importance of fully respecting the obligations relating to the use of vehicles and premises of humanitarian personnel and United Nations and associated personnel as set out in relevant international instruments, as well as the obligations relating to distinctive emblems recognized in the Geneva Conventions,", "Commending the courage and dedication of those who often take part in humanitarian operations at great risk, especially locally recruited staff,", "Noting that approximately 1 per cent of the staff of the United Nations system were affected by serious security incidents and that the number of United Nations staff members killed or injured as a result of violence decreased significantly in 2010, but noting with concern the increase in the number of United Nations staff members killed or injured as a result of violence in the first half of 2011,", "Expressing deep regret at the loss of life and violence against international and national humanitarian personnel and United Nations and associated personnel involved in the provision of humanitarian assistance, and strongly deploring the loss of life and injury to them in complex humanitarian emergencies, in particular in armed conflicts and post-conflict situations,", "Deeply concerned by the far-reaching and long-standing impact of attacks and threats against humanitarian personnel and United Nations and associated personnel,", "Strongly condemning killings and other forms of violence, rape and sexual assault, in particular against women and children, as well as all forms of violence, intimidation, armed robbery, kidnapping, hostage-taking, kidnapping, harassment and illegal arrest and detention of persons involved in humanitarian operations, and attacks on humanitarian convoys and acts of destruction and looting of property,", "Deeply concerned that attacks and threats against humanitarian personnel and United Nations and associated personnel are a factor that increasingly restricts the provision of assistance and protection to populations in need,", "Affirming that States must ensure that the perpetrators of attacks committed on their territory against humanitarian personnel and United Nations and associated personnel do not operate with impunity and that the perpetrators of such attacks are brought to justice, as provided for by national law and obligations under international law,", "Recalling the inclusion of attacks intentionally directed against persons involved in a humanitarian assistance or peacekeeping mission in accordance with the Charter as a war crime in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, and noting the role that the Court could play in appropriate cases in bringing to justice those responsible for serious violations of international humanitarian law,", "Reaffirming the need to ensure adequate safety and security for United Nations personnel and associated humanitarian personnel, including locally recruited personnel, which is a fundamental responsibility of the Organization, and noting the need to promote and enhance security awareness within the organizational culture of the United Nations, to foster and strengthen a culture of accountability at all levels and to continue to raise awareness and sensitivity to national and local cultures and laws,", "Gravely concerned at the frequency of accidents and the resulting high number of casualties among United Nations and associated personnel, conscious of the importance of road safety in ensuring the continuity of United Nations humanitarian operations and in preventing casualties among civilians and United Nations and associated personnel, and regretting in this regard the loss of civilian lives resulting from such accidents,", "Noting the importance of closer collaboration between the United Nations and host countries in contingency planning, information exchange and risk assessment in the context of good mutual cooperation on security issues involving United Nations and associated personnel,", "1. Welcomes the report of the Secretary-General on the safety and security of United Nations and associated personnel;[7]", "2. Urges all States to make every effort to ensure the full and effective implementation of the principles and rules of international law, including international humanitarian law, human rights law and refugee law related to the safety and security of humanitarian personnel and United Nations personnel;", "Strongly urges all States to take the necessary measures to ensure the safety and security of humanitarian personnel and United Nations and associated personnel and to respect and protect the inviolability of United Nations premises, which are essential for the continued successful operation of the United Nations;", "Calls upon Governments and parties in complex humanitarian emergencies, in particular in armed conflicts and in post-conflict situations, in countries in which humanitarian personnel are operating, in conformity with the relevant provisions of international law and national laws, to cooperate fully with the United Nations and other humanitarian agencies and organizations and to ensure the safe and unhindered access of humanitarian personnel and delivery of supplies and equipment, as well as the efficient functioning of those personnel in providing assistance to the affected civilian population, including refugees and internally displaced persons;", "5. Calls upon all States to consider becoming parties to and to comply fully with their obligations under the relevant international instruments;", "Also calls upon all States to consider becoming parties to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court;6", "Further calls upon all States to consider becoming parties to the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel,5 and urges States parties to enact such relevant national legislation as may be necessary for its effective implementation;", "8. Calls upon all States, all parties to armed conflict and all humanitarian actors to respect the principles of neutrality, humanity, impartiality and independence in the provision of humanitarian assistance;", "9. Expresses deep concern at the continued occurrence of threats and deliberate targeting of humanitarian personnel and United Nations and associated personnel, as well as at the disturbing trend of politically or criminally motivated attacks against the safety and security of such personnel;", "10. Welcomes the contribution of female United Nations and associated personnel in United Nations humanitarian operations, expresses its concern that they are sometimes disproportionately affected by certain forms of criminal behaviour and acts of intimidation and harassment, and strongly urges the United Nations system and Member States to take appropriate action to ensure their safety and security;", "11. Strongly condemns all threats and acts of violence against humanitarian personnel and United Nations and associated personnel, reaffirms the need to hold accountable those responsible for such acts, strongly urges all States to take enhanced action to ensure that such acts committed on their territory are fully investigated and that the perpetrators of such acts are brought to justice, in accordance with their national laws and obligations under international law, and urges States to end impunity for such acts;", "12. Calls upon all States to comply fully with their obligations under international humanitarian law, including the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, of 12 August 1949,[8] in order to respect and protect civilians, including humanitarian personnel, in territories under their jurisdiction;", "13. Also calls upon all States to provide adequate and prompt information in the event of arrest or detention of humanitarian personnel or United Nations and associated personnel, to afford them the necessary medical assistance and to allow independent medical personnel to visit and examine the health of such personnel, and urges States to take the necessary measures to ensure the speedy release of those arrested or detained in violation of the relevant conventions referred to in the present resolution and applicable international humanitarian law;", "14. Calls upon all other parties involved in armed conflict to refrain from the abduction, taking of hostages, kidnapping or detention of humanitarian personnel or United Nations and associated personnel in violation of the relevant conventions referred to in the present resolution and applicable international humanitarian law, and to release expeditiously the abductees or detainees without harm or demand for concessions;", "15. Requests the Secretary-General to take the necessary measures to promote full respect for the human rights, privileges and immunities of United Nations and other personnel carrying out activities in fulfilment of the mandate of a United Nations operation, and also requests the Secretary-General to seek the inclusion, in negotiations of headquarters and other mission agreements involving United Nations and associated personnel, of the applicable conditions in the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations, the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies and the Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel;4", "16. Recommends that the Secretary-General continue to seek the inclusion of, and that host countries include, key provisions of the Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel, inter alia, those relating to the prevention of attacks against members of the operation, the establishment of such attacks as crimes punishable by law and the prosecution or extradition of offenders, in future as well as, where necessary, in existing status-of-forces, status-of-mission and host country agreements and other relevant agreements negotiated between the United Nations and the host countries, mindful of the importance of the timely conclusion of such agreements, and encourages further efforts in this regard;", "17. Reaffirms the obligation of all humanitarian personnel and United Nations and associated personnel to respect and, where required, to observe the national laws of the country in which they are operating, in accordance with international law and the Charter of the United Nations;", "18. Stresses the importance of ensuring that humanitarian personnel and United Nations and associated personnel are aware of and sensitive to national and local customs and traditions in the countries in which they are operating and that their aims and objectives are clearly articulated to the local population;", "19. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to take the necessary measures to ensure that United Nations and other personnel carrying out activities in fulfilment of the mandate of a United Nations operation are properly informed about and operate in conformity with the code of conduct relating to the minimum operating security standards and are properly informed about the conditions under which they are required to operate and the standards to be observed, including those contained in relevant national and international law, and that adequate training in security, human rights law and international humanitarian law is provided so as to enhance their security and effectiveness in discharging their functions, and reaffirms the need for all other humanitarian organizations to provide their personnel with similar support;", "20. Also requests the Secretary-General to continue to take the necessary measures, in coordination with Member States, to ensure that all United Nations premises and property, including staff accommodation, conform to the United Nations minimum operating security standards and other relevant United Nations security standards;", "21. Welcomes the efforts being undertaken by the Secretary-General to ensure that all United Nations personnel receive adequate safety and security training, stresses the need for continued improvement in training to enhance cultural awareness and knowledge of relevant laws, including international humanitarian law, prior to their deployment to the field, and reiterates the need for all other humanitarian organizations to provide their personnel with similar support;", "22. Also welcomes the efforts of the Secretary-General to provide counselling and support services to United Nations personnel affected by safety and security incidents, stresses the importance of providing stress management, mental health and related services to United Nations personnel system-wide, and encourages all humanitarian organizations to provide similar support to their staff;", "23. Notes with appreciation the measures being taken by the Secretary-General and the United Nations system to improve road safety, including through enhanced training and related initiatives, in order to reduce road-risk accidents, and requests the Secretary-General to continue to collect and analyse data and to report on road incidents, including civilian casualties resulting from road accidents;", "24. Welcomes the progress made in efforts to further strengthen the security management system of the United Nations, and supports the focus on the effective management of risks to staff so as to enable the United Nations system to fulfil its mandates, programmes and activities, and encourages the United Nations and other relevant humanitarian actors to build good relations and trust with national and local Governments and to seek acceptance by local communities and all relevant actors as part of their risk management strategies;", "Encourages the Secretary-General to continue to develop favourable approaches to facilitate the deployment of appropriately qualified United Nations security personnel and to strengthen the United Nations capacity to deploy staff;", "26. Requests the Secretary-General, including through the Inter-Agency Security Management Network, to continue to promote enhanced cooperation and coordination among United Nations departments, organizations, funds and programmes and affiliated international organizations, including between their headquarters and field offices, in the planning and implementation of measures aimed at enhancing staff security, training and awareness, and calls upon all relevant United Nations departments, organizations, funds and programmes and affiliated international organizations to support these efforts;", "27. Calls upon all relevant actors to fully support, in public statements, the creation of an enabling environment for the safety and security of humanitarian personnel and United Nations and associated personnel;", "28. Stresses the need to pay special attention to the safety and security of locally recruited humanitarian personnel, who are particularly vulnerable to attacks, including kidnapping, harassment, looting and intimidation, and who account for the majority of casualties, requests the Secretary-General to review regularly relevant United Nations safety and security policies and operational and administrative arrangements with respect to locally recruited personnel, and calls upon the United Nations and humanitarian organizations to ensure that their personnel are fully consulted on and trained in the relevant security measures, plans and initiatives of their respective organizations, which should be in accordance with applicable national and international law;", "29. Notes with appreciation the reported progress in the implementation of the recommendations of the Independent Panel on Safety and Security of United Nations Personnel and Premises Worldwide, including the revision of the accountability framework, calls for their continued implementation, and looks forward to the report of the Secretary-General on safety and security to be submitted to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session, including, as appropriate, exploring improvements and innovative ways to facilitate the development of the security management system;", "30. Requests the Department of Safety and Security of the Secretariat to further enhance the analysis of threats and to continue to improve and implement effective, modern and flexible information management capabilities to support analysis and operational requirements, including ongoing system-wide analysis of best practices and information on the scope and scale of safety and security incidents involving humanitarian personnel and United Nations and associated personnel, including attacks against such personnel, with a view to taking objective and evidence-based decisions on how to reduce risks in United Nations-related operations;", "31. Welcomes the work of the Secretary-General to enhance security cooperation with host Governments, including efforts to support United Nations designated officials in their collaboration with host country authorities on staff safety and security;", "32. Stresses that effective security operations at the country level require a unified capacity for decision-making, standard-setting, coordination, advocacy, compliance and threat and risk assessment, and notes the benefits of such a capacity for United Nations and associated personnel, including those of the Department of Safety and Security after its establishment;", "Recognizes the steps taken so far by the Secretary-General, as well as the need for continued efforts to enhance coordination and cooperation between the United Nations and other humanitarian and non-governmental organizations, both at Headquarters and in the field, on matters relating to the safety and security of humanitarian personnel and United Nations and associated personnel, with a view to addressing common security problems in the field, taking into account relevant national and local initiatives in this regard, including in the framework of “Save Lives Together”, encourages collaborative initiatives to address security training needs, invites Member States to consider increasing support for those initiatives, and requests the Secretary-General to report on steps taken in this regard;", "34. Stresses the urgent need to allocate adequate and predictable resources for the safety and security of United Nations personnel through regular and extrabudgetary resources, including through the consolidated appeals process, and encourages all States to contribute to the Trust Fund for Security of Staff Members of the United Nations System, with a view to, inter alia, strengthening the efforts of the Department of Safety and Security to fulfil its mandate and responsibilities in ensuring the safe implementation of programmes;", "35. Also stresses the need for better coordination between the United Nations and host Governments, in accordance with the relevant provisions of international law and national law, in the use and deployment of the necessary equipment to ensure the safety and security of United Nations and associated personnel carrying humanitarian assistance from United Nations organizations;", "36. Recalls the important role of telecommunication resources in promoting the safety of humanitarian personnel and United Nations and associated personnel, calls upon States to consider acceding to or ratifying the Tampere Convention on the Provision of Telecommunication Resources for Disaster Mitigation and Relief Operations of 18 June 1998, which entered into force on 8 January 2005, [12] and urges them to promote and accelerate, consistent with their national laws and international obligations applicable to them, the use of communications equipment in such operations, inter alia, by reducing and, where possible, lifting expeditiously the restrictions placed on the use of communications equipment by United Nations and associated personnel;", "37. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session a comprehensive and updated report on the safety and security of humanitarian personnel and protection of United Nations personnel and on the implementation of the present resolution.", "15 December 2011", "86th PLENARY MEETING", "[1] These include, inter alia, the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations of 13 February 1946, the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies of 21 November 1947, the Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel of 9 December 1994, the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel of 8 December 2005, the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War of 12 August 1949 and the Additional Protocols thereto of 8 June 1977 to the Geneva Conventions, as well as Amended Protocol II of 3 May 1996 to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects of 10 October 1980.", "[2] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 75, Nos. 970-973.", "[3] Ibid., vol. 1125, Nos. 17512 and 17513.", "[4] Ibid., vol. 2051, No. 35457.", "[5] Resolution 60/42, annex.", "[6] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2187, No. 38544.", "[7] A/66/345.", "[8] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 75, No. 973.", "[9] Resolution 22 A (I).", "[10] Resolution 179 (II).", "[11] Available at www.un.org/News/dh/infocus/terrorism/PanelOnSafetyReport.pdf.", "[12] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2296, No. 40906." ]

[ "2011年12月15日大会决议", "[未经发交主要委员会而通过(A/66/L.27和Add.1)]", "66/118. 援助巴勒斯坦人民", "大会，", "回顾其2010年12月15日第65/134号决议和以前关于这一问题的各项决议，", "又回顾以色列国政府和巴勒斯坦人民的代表巴勒斯坦解放组织于1993年9月13日在华盛顿特区签订《关于临时自治安排的原则声明》，[1] 以及其后双方缔结的各项执行协定，", "还回顾所有相关的国际法，包括人道主义法和人权法，特别是《公民及政治权利国际公约》、[2]《经济、社会、文化权利国际公约》、² 《儿童权利公约》[3] 和《消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约》，[4]", "严重关切整个巴勒斯坦被占领土内的巴勒斯坦人民，尤其是妇女和儿童的艰难生活条件和人道主义状况，", "意识到迫切需要改善被占领土内的经济和社会基础设施，", "为此欣见制订项目，特别是基础设施项目，以恢复巴勒斯坦经济和改善巴勒斯坦人民的生活条件，强调需要创造适当条件来协助执行这些项目，并注意到该区域和国际社会的伙伴作出的贡献，", "意识到很难在被占领状态下实现发展，发展在和平和稳定的条件下才能得到最大推动，", "注意到巴勒斯坦人民及其领导人面临巨大的经济和社会挑战，", "强调整个中东区域的所有人民，特别是妇女和儿童的安全和福祉至为重要，而除其他外，稳定和安全的环境有助于促进这种安全和福祉，", "深为关切暴力对该区域儿童现在和今后的福祉产生的不利影响，包括它造成的健康和心理后果，", "意识到亟需考虑到巴勒斯坦的优先事项，向巴勒斯坦人民提供国际援助，", "表示严重关切加沙的人道主义局势，着重指出必须提供紧急人道主义援助，", "欣见1993年10月1日在华盛顿特区召开的支持中东和平会议所取得的成果、协调对巴勒斯坦人提供国际援助特设联络委员会的设立和担任该委员会秘书处的世界银行正在开展的工作、协商小组的设立、各次后续会议和为向巴勒斯坦人民提供援助而设立的各种国际机制，", "着重指出2009年3月2日在埃及沙姆沙伊赫举行的支持巴勒斯坦经济重建加沙国际会议在应对加沙的紧急人道主义局势，动员捐助者为巴勒斯坦权力机构提供财务和政治支持以缓减巴勒斯坦人民面临的社会经济和人道主义局势方面的重要性，", "回顾2007年12月17日在巴黎举行的支持巴勒斯坦国国际捐助者会议、2008年6月24日举行的支持巴勒斯坦民事安全与法治柏林会议以及分别于2008年5月21日至23日和2010年6月2日和3日在伯利恒举行的巴勒斯坦投资会议，", "欣见协调对巴勒斯坦人提供国际援助特设联络委员会分别于2010年9月21日和2011年9月18日在纽约举行的最新会议，", "又欣见联合联络委员会的活动，该委员会是一个同巴勒斯坦权力机构讨论经济政策和涉及捐助者援助的实务事项的论坛，", "还欣见《2008-2010年巴勒斯坦改革和发展计划》付诸执行并提出2011-2013年度巴勒斯坦关于治理、经济、社会发展和基础设施的国家发展计划，强调需要按照特设联络委员会主席2011年会议摘要所述，继续为巴勒斯坦建国进程提供国际支持，", "强调指出联合国需要充分参与建立巴勒斯坦体制机构的进程和广泛向巴勒斯坦人民提供援助的工作，", "欣见最近为放宽西岸的通行和出入限制而采取的步骤，同时强调指出需就此进一步采取步骤，并确认这种步骤将能改善生活条件和当地的情况，能进一步促进巴勒斯坦的经济发展，", "确认以色列最近宣布的关于出入加沙地带的措施，同时呼吁全面执行这些措施并采取补充措施以满足根本改变政策的需要，从而为人员和货物流动，包括为加沙的重建和经济恢复持续而经常地开放边界过境点，", "欣见四方特别代表托尼·布莱尔先生的行动，他负责同巴勒斯坦权力机构政府一起制订一个多年议程，以加强体制机构，促进经济发展，筹集国际资金，", "强调指出迫切需要通过全面执行安全理事会2009年1月8日第1860(2009)号决议达成加沙危机的持久解决办法,", "又强调指出定期开放过境点便利人员和货物进出对人道主义和商业流通的重要性，", "注意到联合国中东和平进程特别协调员兼秘书长派驻巴勒斯坦解放组织和巴勒斯坦权力机构个人代表积极参与四方特使的活动，", "欣见安全理事会在2003年11月19日第1515(2003)号决议中认可《基于表现的以色列-巴勒斯坦冲突永久性两国解决方案路线图》，[5] 强调指出需要执行和遵守其各项规定，", "赞扬美利坚合众国、欧洲联盟、联合国和俄罗斯联邦在四方范围内大力推进两国解决办法，注意到四方承诺继续保持积极参与以及需要为促进和平进程提供强大的国际支持，并呼吁恢复和加快以色列和巴勒斯坦双方之间的谈判，以依据安全理事会有关决议和马德里会议的职权范围全面解决阿以冲突，从而确保实现以色列与独立、民主、毗连和有生存能力的巴勒斯坦国和平安全毗邻共存的政治解决办法，", "审议了秘书长的报告，[6]", "表示严重关切针对平民的持续暴力行为，", "1. 注意到秘书长的报告；⁶", "2. 感谢秘书长在援助巴勒斯坦人民方面迅速作出反应和努力；", "3. 又感谢已经并继续向巴勒斯坦人民提供援助的会员国、联合国机构以及政府间组织、区域组织和非政府组织；", "4. 强调指出联合国中东和平进程特别协调员兼秘书长派驻巴勒斯坦解放组织和巴勒斯坦权力机构个人代表所作工作的重要性，以及在秘书长主持下采取步骤以确保为联合国在整个被占领土内的活动设立一个协调机制的重要性；", "5. 敦促会员国、联合国系统各国际金融机构、政府间组织和非政府组织以及区域组织和区域间组织同巴勒斯坦解放组织密切合作，通过巴勒斯坦官方机构，尽可能迅速和慷慨地向巴勒斯坦人民提供经济和社会援助；", "6. 为此欣见协调对巴勒斯坦人提供国际援助特设联络委员会分别于2010年9月和2011年9月召开的会议，并欣见支持巴勒斯坦经济重建加沙国际会议的成果，会上捐助者为满足巴勒斯坦人民的需要认捐约45亿美元；", "7. 回顾支持巴勒斯坦国国际捐助者会议、支持巴勒斯坦民事安全与法治柏林会议和各次巴勒斯坦投资会议；", "8. 强调指出落实支持巴勒斯坦经济重建加沙国际会议成果的重要性；", "9. 吁请尚未将其预算支助承诺变成实际支付的捐助者尽快划拨资金，并鼓励所有捐助者根据巴勒斯坦权力机构政府的方案，增加它们对巴勒斯坦权力机构的直接援助，以便它能建立一个有生存能力、繁荣的巴勒斯坦国，着重指出捐助者需要在这一努力中公平地分担负担，并鼓励捐助者考虑让供资周期同巴勒斯坦权力机构的国家预算周期保持一致；", "10. 吁请联合国系统相关组织和机构依照巴勒斯坦方面提出的优先事项，加紧提供援助，满足巴勒斯坦人民的迫切需要；", "11. 感谢联合国近东巴勒斯坦难民救济和工程处的工作，确认该处在向巴勒斯坦人民，特别是在加沙地带提供人道主义援助方面发挥的关键作用；", "12. 吁请国际社会提供迫切需要的援助和服务，努力缓解巴勒斯坦妇女、儿童及其家庭目前面临的困难的人道主义情况，帮助重建和发展有关的巴勒斯坦机构；", "13. 强调指出包括巴勒斯坦-欧洲社会经济援助管理机制及世界银行信托基金在内的所有国际筹资工具在直接援助巴勒斯坦人民方面一直发挥作用；", "14. 敦促会员国根据有关贸易规则，以最优惠的条件，向巴勒斯坦的出口产品开放市场，充分实施现有的贸易和合作协定；", "15. 吁请国际捐助界加速向巴勒斯坦人民交送承诺提供的援助，以满足他们的迫切需要；", "16. 为此强调指出，必须确保向巴勒斯坦人民提供的人道主义援助可以自由进出，确保人员和货物自由通行；", "17. 又强调指出双方都要充分执行2005年11月15日的《通行进出协定》和《拉法口岸商定原则》，让巴勒斯坦平民以及进出口物品能够在加沙地带内自由通行，并自由进出加沙地带；", "18. 还强调指出需要确保人道主义工作人员、房舍、设施、设备、车辆和物品的安全和安保，确保人道主义人员安全无阻地通行以及用品和设备得到运送，以便这些人员高效地开展工作，向受影响的平民提供援助；", "19. 敦促国际捐助界、联合国机构和组织以及非政府组织尽快向巴勒斯坦人民提供紧急经济援助和人道主义援助，尤其是在加沙地带，以应对当前危机的影响；", "20. 强调需要继续执行1994年4月29日《关于经济关系的巴黎议定书》，即1995年9月28日在华盛顿特区签署的《以色列-巴勒斯坦关于西岸和加沙地带的临时协定》的附件五，[7] 包括迅速定期全额移交巴勒斯坦的间接税收；", "21. 请秘书长通过经济及社会理事会，向大会第六十七届会议提交本决议执行情况的报告，包括：", "(a) 评估巴勒斯坦人民实际收到的援助；", "(b) 评估尚未得到满足的需要，并提出切实满足这些需要的具体建议；", "22. 决定将题为“援助巴勒斯坦人民”的分项列入大会第六十七届会议临时议程。", "2011年12月15日", "第86次全体会议", "[1] A/48/486-S/26560，附件。", "[2] 见第2200A(XXI)号决议，附件。", "[3] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第1577卷，第27531号。", "[4] 同上，第1249卷，第20378号。", "[5] S/2003/529，附件。", "[6] A/66/80-E/2011/111。", "[7] A/51/889-S/1997/357，附件。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 15 December 2011", "[without reference to a Main Committee (A/66/L.27 and Add.1)]", "66/118. Assistance to the Palestinian people", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 65/134 of 15 December 2010, as well as its previous resolutions on the question,", "Recalling also the signing of the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements in Washington, D.C., on 13 September 1993, by the Government of the State of Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization, the representative of the Palestinian people,[1] and the subsequent implementation agreements concluded by the two sides,", "Recalling further all relevant international law, including humanitarian and human rights law, and, in particular, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,[2] the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights,² the Convention on the Rights of the Child[3] and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women,[4]", "Gravely concerned at the difficult living conditions and humanitarian situation affecting the Palestinian people, in particular women and children, throughout the occupied Palestinian territory,", "Conscious of the urgent need for improvement in the economic and social infrastructure of the occupied territory,", "Welcoming, in this context, the development of projects, notably on infrastructure, to revive the Palestinian economy and improve the living conditions of the Palestinian people, stressing the need to create the appropriate conditions to facilitate the implementation of these projects, and noting the contribution of partners in the region and of the international community,", "Aware that development is difficult under occupation and is best promoted in circumstances of peace and stability,", "Noting the great economic and social challenges facing the Palestinian people and their leadership,", "Emphasizing the importance of the safety and well-being of all people, in particular women and children, in the whole Middle East region, the promotion of which is facilitated, inter alia, in a stable and secure environment,", "Deeply concerned about the negative impact, including the health and psychological consequences, of violence on the present and future well-being of children in the region,", "Conscious of the urgent necessity for international assistance to the Palestinian people, taking into account the Palestinian priorities,", "Expressing grave concern about the humanitarian situation in Gaza, and underlining the importance of emergency and humanitarian assistance,", "Welcoming the results of the Conference to Support Middle East Peace, convened in Washington, D.C., on 1 October 1993, the establishment of the Ad Hoc Liaison Committee for the Coordination of the International Assistance to Palestinians and the work being done by the World Bank as its secretariat and the establishment of the Consultative Group, as well as all follow-up meetings and international mechanisms established to provide assistance to the Palestinian people,", "Underlining the importance of the International Conference in Support of the Palestinian Economy for the Reconstruction of Gaza, held in Sharm el‑Sheikh, Egypt, on 2 March 2009, in addressing the immediate humanitarian situation in Gaza and in mobilizing donors to provide financial and political support for the Palestinian Authority in order to alleviate the socio-economic and humanitarian situation being faced by the Palestinian people,", "Recalling the International Donors Conference for the Palestinian State, held in Paris on 17 December 2007, the Berlin Conference in Support of Palestinian Civil Security and the Rule of Law, held on 24 June 2008, and the Palestine Investment Conferences, held in Bethlehem from 21 to 23 May 2008 and on 2 and 3 June 2010,", "Welcoming the latest meetings of the Ad Hoc Liaison Committee for the Coordination of the International Assistance to Palestinians, held in New York on 21 September 2010 and on 18 September 2011,", "Welcoming also the activities of the Joint Liaison Committee, which provides a forum in which economic policy and practical matters related to donor assistance are discussed with the Palestinian Authority,", "Welcoming further the implementation of the Palestinian Reform and Development Plan 2008–2010 and the presentation of the Palestinian National Development Plan 2011–2013 on governance, economy, social development and infrastructure, and stressing the need for continued international support for the Palestinian State-building process, as outlined in the summary of the Chair of the meeting of the Ad Hoc Liaison Committee in 2011,", "Stressing the need for the full engagement of the United Nations in the process of building Palestinian institutions and in providing broad assistance to the Palestinian people,", "Welcoming recent steps to ease the restrictions on movement and access in the West Bank, while stressing the need for further steps to be taken in this regard, and recognizing that such steps would improve living conditions and the situation on the ground and could promote further Palestinian economic development,", "Acknowledging the recent measures announced by Israel regarding access to the Gaza Strip, while calling for full implementation and complementary measures that address the need for a fundamental change in policy that allows for the sustained and regular opening of the border crossings for the movement of persons and goods, including for the reconstruction and economic recovery of Gaza,", "Welcoming the action of the Special Representative of the Quartet, Tony Blair, charged with developing, with the Government of the Palestinian Authority, a multi-year agenda to strengthen institutions, promote economic development and mobilize international funds,", "Stressing the urgency of reaching a durable solution to the crisis in Gaza through the full implementation of Security Council resolution 1860 (2009) of 8 January 2009,", "Stressing also the importance of the regular opening of the crossings for the movement of persons and goods, for both humanitarian and commercial flows,", "Noting the active participation of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process and Personal Representative of the Secretary-General to the Palestine Liberation Organization and the Palestinian Authority in the activities of the Special Envoys of the Quartet,", "Welcoming the endorsement by the Security Council, in resolution 1515 (2003) of 19 November 2003, of the performance-based road map to a permanent two-State solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict,[5] and stressing the need for its implementation and compliance with its provisions,", "Commending the efforts within the Quartet made by the United States of America, the European Union, the United Nations and the Russian Federation in pursuing vigorously a two-State solution, noting the commitment of the Quartet to remain actively involved and the need for strong international support to promote the peace process, and calling for the resumption and acceleration of negotiations between the Israeli and Palestinian sides towards a comprehensive resolution of the Arab-Israeli conflict, on the basis of relevant Security Council resolutions and the terms of reference of the Madrid Conference, in order to ensure a political solution, with two States — Israel and an independent, democratic, contiguous and viable Palestinian State — living side by side in peace and security,", "Having considered the report of the Secretary-General,[6]", "Expressing grave concern about continuing violence against civilians,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General;⁶", "2. Expresses its appreciation to the Secretary-General for his rapid response and efforts regarding assistance to the Palestinian people;", "3. Also expresses its appreciation to the Member States, United Nations bodies and intergovernmental, regional and non-governmental organizations that have provided and continue to provide assistance to the Palestinian people;", "4. Stresses the importance of the work of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process and Personal Representative of the Secretary-General to the Palestine Liberation Organization and the Palestinian Authority and of the steps taken under the auspices of the Secretary-General to ensure the achievement of a coordinated mechanism for United Nations activities throughout the occupied territories;", "5. Urges Member States, international financial institutions of the United Nations system, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations and regional and interregional organizations to extend, as rapidly and as generously as possible, economic and social assistance to the Palestinian people, in close cooperation with the Palestine Liberation Organization and through official Palestinian institutions;", "6. Welcomes, in this regard, the meetings of the Ad Hoc Liaison Committee for the Coordination of the International Assistance to Palestinians in September 2010 and September 2011, and the outcome of the International Conference in Support of the Palestinian Economy for the Reconstruction of Gaza, at which donors pledged approximately 4.5 billion United States dollars to support the needs of the Palestinian people;", "7. Recalls the International Donors Conference for the Palestinian State, the Berlin Conference in Support of Palestinian Civil Security and the Rule of Law, and the Palestine Investment Conferences;", "8. Stresses the importance of following up on the results of the International Conference in Support of the Palestinian Economy for the Reconstruction of Gaza;", "9. Calls upon donors that have not yet converted their budget support pledges into disbursements to transfer funds as soon as possible, encourages all donors to increase their direct assistance to the Palestinian Authority in accordance with its government programme in order to enable it to build a viable and prosperous Palestinian State, underlines the need for equitable burden-sharing by donors in this effort, and encourages donors to consider aligning funding cycles with the Palestinian Authority’s national budget cycle;", "10. Calls upon relevant organizations and agencies of the United Nations system to intensify their assistance in response to the urgent needs of the Palestinian people in accordance with priorities set forth by the Palestinian side;", "11. Expresses its appreciation for the work of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, and recognizes the vital role of the Agency in providing humanitarian assistance to the Palestinian people, particularly in the Gaza Strip;", "12. Calls upon the international community to provide urgently needed assistance and services in an effort to alleviate the difficult humanitarian situation being faced by Palestinian women, children and their families and to help in the reconstruction and development of relevant Palestinian institutions;", "13. Stresses the role that all funding instruments, including the European Commission’s Palestinian-European Mechanism for the Management of Socio-Economic Aid and the World Bank trust fund, have been playing in directly assisting the Palestinian people;", "14. Urges Member States to open their markets to exports of Palestinian products on the most favourable terms, consistent with appropriate trading rules, and to implement fully existing trade and cooperation agreements;", "15. Calls upon the international donor community to expedite the delivery of pledged assistance to the Palestinian people to meet their urgent needs;", "16. Stresses, in this context, the importance of ensuring free humanitarian access to the Palestinian people and the free movement of persons and goods;", "17. Also stresses the need for the full implementation by both parties of the Agreement on Movement and Access and of the Agreed Principles for the Rafah Crossing, of 15 November 2005, to allow for the freedom of movement of the Palestinian civilian population, as well as for imports and exports, within and into and out of the Gaza Strip;", "18. Further stresses the need to ensure the safety and security of humanitarian personnel, premises, facilities, equipment, vehicles and supplies, as well as the need to ensure safe and unhindered access by humanitarian personnel and delivery of supplies and equipment, in order to allow such personnel to efficiently perform their task of assisting affected civilian populations;", "19. Urges the international donor community, United Nations agencies and organizations and non-governmental organizations to extend to the Palestinian people, as rapidly as possible, emergency economic assistance and humanitarian assistance, particularly in the Gaza Strip, to counter the impact of the current crisis;", "20. Stresses the need for the continued implementation of the Paris Protocol on Economic Relations of 29 April 1994, fifth annex to the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, signed in Washington, D.C., on 28 September 1995,[7] including with regard to the full, prompt and regular transfer of Palestinian indirect tax revenues;", "21. Requests the Secretary-General to submit a report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session, through the Economic and Social Council, on the implementation of the present resolution, containing:", "(a) An assessment of the assistance actually received by the Palestinian people;", "(b) An assessment of the needs still unmet and specific proposals for responding effectively to them;", "22. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the sub-item entitled “Assistance to the Palestinian people”.", "86th plenary meeting 15 December 2011", "[1]  A/48/486‑S/26560, annex.", "[2]  See resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.", "[3]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1577, No. 27531.", "[4]  Ibid., vol. 1249, No. 20378.", "[5]  S/2003/529, annex.", "[6]  A/66/80‑E/2011/111.", "[7]  A/51/889‑S/1997/357, annex." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 15 December 2011", "[without reference to a Main Committee (A/66/L.27 and Add.1)]", "66/118. Assistance to the Palestinian people", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 65/134 of 15 December 2010 and previous resolutions on the subject,", "Recalling also the signing of the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements in Washington, D.C., on 13 September 1993, by the Government of the State of Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization, the representative of the Palestinian people, and the subsequent implementation agreements concluded by the two sides,", "Recalling further all relevant international law, including humanitarian and human rights law, in particular the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights,2 the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women,[4]", "Gravely concerned about the difficult living conditions and humanitarian situation of the Palestinian people, in particular women and children, throughout the Occupied Palestinian Territory,", "Conscious of the urgent need for improvement in the economic and social infrastructure of the occupied territory,", "Welcoming, in this regard, the development of projects, in particular infrastructure projects, to rehabilitate the Palestinian economy and improve the living conditions of the Palestinian people, stressing the need to create appropriate conditions to assist in the implementation of those projects, and noting the contributions of partners in the region and the international community,", "Aware that development under occupation is difficult to achieve and that it can be maximized in conditions of peace and stability,", "Noting the great economic and social challenges facing the Palestinian people and their leadership,", "Emphasizing the importance of the safety and well-being of all people in the whole Middle East region, in particular women and children, and that a stable and secure environment, inter alia, contributes to promoting such security and well-being,", "Deeply concerned about the negative impact, including the health and psychological consequences, of violence on the present and future well-being of children in the region,", "Conscious of the urgent need for international assistance to the Palestinian people, taking into account the Palestinian priorities,", "Expressing grave concern at the humanitarian situation in Gaza, and underlining the importance of emergency humanitarian assistance,", "Welcoming the results of the Conference to Support Middle East Peace, held in Washington, D.C., on 1 October 1993, the establishment of the Ad Hoc Liaison Committee for the Coordination of the International Assistance to Palestinians and the ongoing work of the World Bank as its secretariat, the establishment of the Consultative Group, the follow-up meetings and the international mechanisms established to provide assistance to the Palestinian people,", "Stressing the importance of the International Conference in Support of the Palestinian Economy for the Reconstruction of Gaza, held in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, on 2 March 2009, in addressing the urgent humanitarian situation in Gaza and mobilizing donor financial and political support for the Palestinian Authority to alleviate the socio-economic and humanitarian situation facing the Palestinian people,", "Recalling the International Donors Conference for the State of Palestine, held in Paris on 17 December 2007, the Berlin Conference in Support of Palestinian Civil Security and the Rule of Law, held on 24 June 2008, and the Palestine Investment Conferences, held in Bethlehem from 21 to 23 May 2008 and on 2 and 3 June 2010, respectively,", "Welcoming the latest meetings of the Ad Hoc Liaison Committee for the Coordination of the International Assistance to Palestinians, held in New York on 21 September 2010 and 18 September 2011,", "Welcoming also the activities of the Joint Liaison Committee, which is a forum for discussions with the Palestinian Authority on economic policy and substantive matters related to donor assistance,", "Welcoming further the implementation of the Palestinian Reform and Development Plan 2008-2010 and the presentation of the Palestinian National Development Plan for Governance, Economy, Social Development and Infrastructure 2011-2013, and stressing the need for continued international support for the Palestinian State-building process, as outlined in the summary of the 2011 meeting of the Chair of the Ad Hoc Liaison Committee,", "Stressing the need for the full involvement of the United Nations in the process of building Palestinian institutions and in providing broad assistance to the Palestinian people,", "Welcoming recent steps to ease movement and access restrictions in the West Bank, while stressing the need for further steps in this regard, and recognizing that such steps will improve living conditions and conditions on the ground and further enhance Palestinian economic development,", "Acknowledging the recently announced Israeli measures on entry into and exit from the Gaza Strip, while calling for their full implementation and for additional measures to be taken to meet the need for a fundamental change in policy leading to the sustained and regular opening of border crossings for the movement of persons and goods, including for the reconstruction and economic rehabilitation of Gaza,", "Welcoming the action of the Special Representative of the Quartet, Mr. Tony Blair, who is responsible for developing, with the Government of the Palestinian Authority, a multi-year agenda to strengthen institutional institutions, promote economic development and mobilize international funding,", "Stressing the urgent need for a lasting solution to the crisis in Gaza through the full implementation of Security Council resolution 1860 (2009) of 8 January 2009,", "Stressing also the importance of the regular opening of border crossings to facilitate the movement of persons and goods for humanitarian and commercial flows,", "Noting the active participation of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process and Personal Representative of the Secretary-General to the Palestine Liberation Organization and the Palestinian Authority in the activities of the Special Envoys of the Quartet,", "Welcoming the endorsement by the Security Council, in its resolution 1515 (2003) of 19 November 2003, of the performance-based road map to a permanent two-State solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict,[5] and stressing the need for its implementation and compliance with its provisions,", "Commending the United States of America, the European Union, the United Nations and the Russian Federation for their vigorous efforts to advance the two-State solution within the framework of the Quartet, noting the commitment of the Quartet to remain actively engaged and the need for strong international support to facilitate the peace process, and calling for the resumption and acceleration of negotiations between the Israeli and Palestinian sides to achieve a comprehensive settlement of the Arab-Israeli conflict in accordance with relevant Security Council resolutions and the terms of reference of the Madrid Conference, thus ensuring a political solution in which Israel and an independent, democratic, contiguous and viable Palestinian State live side by side in peace and security,", "Having considered the report of the Secretary-General,[6]", "Expressing grave concern at the continuing violence against civilians,", "Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General;6", "2. Expresses its appreciation to the Secretary-General for his rapid response and efforts regarding assistance to the Palestinian people;", "3. Also expresses its appreciation to the Member States, United Nations bodies and intergovernmental, regional and non-governmental organizations that have provided and continue to provide assistance to the Palestinian people;", "4. Stresses the importance of the work of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process and Personal Representative of the Secretary-General to the Palestine Liberation Organization and the Palestinian Authority and of the steps taken under the auspices of the Secretary-General to ensure a coordinated mechanism for United Nations activities throughout the occupied territories;", "5. Urges Member States, international financial institutions of the United Nations system, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations and regional and interregional organizations to extend, as rapidly and as generously as possible, economic and social assistance to the Palestinian people, in close cooperation with the Palestine Liberation Organization and through official Palestinian institutions;", "6. Welcomes, in this regard, the meetings of the Ad Hoc Liaison Committee for the Coordination of International Assistance to Palestinians held in September 2010 and September 2011, respectively, and the outcome of the International Conference in Support of the Palestinian Economy for the Reconstruction of Gaza, at which donors pledged approximately $4.5 billion to meet the needs of the Palestinian people;", "7. Recalls the International Donor Conference in Support of the State of Palestine, the Berlin Conference in Support of Palestinian Civil Security and the Rule of Law and the Palestine Investment Conferences;", "8. Stresses the importance of implementing the outcome of the International Conference in Support of the Palestinian Economy for the Reconstruction of Gaza;", "9. Calls upon donors that have not yet translated their budget support commitments into actual disbursements to allocate funds as soon as possible, and encourages all donors to increase their direct assistance to the Palestinian Authority, in accordance with the programme of the Government of the Palestinian Authority, so that it can build a viable and prosperous Palestinian State, stresses the need for equitable burden-sharing by donors in this endeavour, and encourages donors to consider aligning funding cycles with those of the Palestinian Authority ' s national budget;", "10. Calls upon the relevant organizations and agencies of the United Nations system to intensify their assistance to meet the urgent needs of the Palestinian people, in accordance with the priorities set by the Palestinian side;", "11. Expresses its appreciation for the work of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, and recognizes the vital role of the Agency in providing humanitarian assistance to the Palestinian people, in particular in the Gaza Strip;", "12. Calls upon the international community to provide urgently needed assistance and services in an effort to alleviate the difficult humanitarian situation being faced by Palestinian women, children and their families and to help in the reconstruction and development of relevant Palestinian institutions;", "13. Stresses the role that all international funding instruments, including the Palestinian-European Mechanism for the Management of Socio-Economic Assistance and the World Bank Trust Fund, have been playing in assisting directly the Palestinian people;", "Urges Member States to open their markets to Palestinian exports on the most favourable terms and to implement fully existing trade and cooperation agreements, in accordance with relevant trade rules;", "15. Calls upon the international donor community to expedite the delivery of pledged assistance to the Palestinian people to meet their urgent needs;", "Stresses, in this context, the importance of ensuring free access for humanitarian assistance to the Palestinian people and the free movement of persons and goods;", "17. Also stresses the need for the full implementation by both parties of the Agreement on Movement and Access and the Agreed Principles for the Rafah Crossing, of 15 November 2005, to allow for the free movement of Palestinian civilians, as well as imports and exports, within and into and out of the Gaza Strip;", "18. Further stresses the need to ensure the safety and security of humanitarian personnel, premises, facilities, equipment, vehicles and goods, as well as the safe and unhindered access of humanitarian personnel and delivery of supplies and equipment, in order for them to perform efficiently their task of providing assistance to affected civilians;", "19. Urges the international donor community, United Nations agencies and organizations and non-governmental organizations to extend as soon as possible emergency economic assistance and humanitarian assistance to the Palestinian people, in particular in the Gaza Strip, in response to the impact of the current crisis;", "20. Stresses the need for the continued implementation of the Paris Protocol on Economic Relations of 29 April 1994, annex V to the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, signed in Washington, D.C., on 28 September 1995,[7] including the full and prompt regular transfer of Palestinian indirect tax revenues;", "21. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session, through the Economic and Social Council, a report on the implementation of the present resolution, including:", "(a) An assessment of the assistance actually received by the Palestinian people;", "(b) To assess the needs that remain unmet and to make specific recommendations to effectively address them;", "Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the sub-item entitled “Assistance to the Palestinian people”.", "15 December 2011", "86th PLENARY MEETING", "[1] A/48/486-S/26560, annex.", "[2] See resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.", "[3] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1577, No. 27531.", "[4] Ibid., vol. 1249, No. 20378.", "[5] S/2003/529, annex.", "[6] A/66/80-E/2011/111.", "[7] A/51/889-S/1997/357, annex." ]

[ "2011年12月15日大会决议", "[未经发交主要委员会而通过(A/66/L.28和Add.1]", "66/119. 加强联合国紧急人道主义援助的协调", "大会，", "重申其1991年12月19日第46/182号决议及其附件所载的指导原则、大会和经济及社会理事会的其他相关决议以及理事会的商定结论，", "注意到秘书长关于加强联合国人道主义紧急援助的协调的报告[1] 和关于中央应急基金的报告，[2]", "重申提供人道主义援助要遵守的中立、人道、公正和独立原则，又重申所有在复杂的紧急情况和自然灾害的情形下提供人道主义援助的行为体都必须促进和充分尊重这些原则，", "深为关切世界金融和经济危机正在造成的不利影响和粮食价格过度波动对粮食保障的负面影响，诸如此类的全球挑战造成民众脆弱程度日益增大，并影响到人道主义援助的需求与供应，", "强调需要筹集足够、可预测、及时并有灵活性的资源，根据通过评估确定的需求，按比例提供人道主义援助，以期更全面地满足所有方面的需求和应对各种人道主义紧急情况，为此确认中央应急基金取得的成就，", "再次申明会员国、联合国相关组织和其他相关行为体应将两性平等观点纳入人道主义援助主流，包括全面、一贯地满足妇女、女童、男童和男子的具体需求，并考虑到受灾人口，包括残疾人的需求,", "深为关切因自然灾害带来的各种后果，包括气候变化的持续影响，会员国和联合国人道主义应急系统及其能力正面临越来越多的挑战，重申必须实施《2005-2015年兵库行动框架：建立国家和社区的抗灾能力》，[3] 除其他外，为减少灾害风险的措施提供足够资源，包括为备灾投资，并在从救济到发展的各个阶段努力实现重建得更好，", "确认最近发生的人道主义紧急情况规模大，且又复杂，构成了种种挑战，尤其是对人道主义应急系统的能力和协调工作带来挑战，", "又确认建立国家和地方的备灾和救灾能力对更可预测和更有效地作出反应至关重要，并有助于实现人道主义和发展目标，包括提高复原力和减少对人道主义应急的需求，", "强调必须加强在紧急人道主义援助方面的国际合作，重申其关于围绕自然灾害领域的人道主义援助开展国际合作的2011年1月28日第65/264号决议，", "又强调人道主义援助从根本上来讲属于民事性质，重申在把军事能力和资产用于支持实施人道主义援助时必须征得受灾国的同意，并遵守国际法，包括国际人道主义法，遵守人道主义原则，", "谴责不断增加的蓄意威胁和暴力袭击人道主义人员和设施的行为，注意到这些行为对为需要援助的民众提供人道主义援助产生的不利影响，", "确认为数众多的人受到人道主义紧急情况的影响，包括境内流离失所者，铭记他们的特定需要，在此方面欣见《非洲联盟保护和援助非洲境内流离失所者公约》[4] 获得通过而且正在进行批准程序，这是朝着加强保护和援助非洲境内流离失所者的国家和区域规范框架迈出的重要一步，", "又确认1949年日内瓦四公约[5] 的重要性，这些公约包括一个关键的战时保护平民的法律框架，其中载有人道主义援助的规定，", "严重关切地注意到在许多紧急情况中，仍有针对平民的蓄意暴力行为，包括基于性别的暴力(特别是性暴力)和侵害儿童的暴力，", "赞赏地注意到联合国继续努力改进人道主义应急反应，包括加强人道主义应急能力，改进人道主义协调，提高资金的可预测性和充足程度，加强对所有利益攸关者的问责，并确认必须加强紧急情况下的行政管理程序和筹资，以便能够有效地按需应对紧急情况，", "确认联合国组织应在加强实地人道主义援助的协调方面，继续与各国政府密切协调，", "欣见1951年《关于难民地位的公约》[6] 60周年和1961年《减少无国籍状态公约》[7] 50周年，", "重申联合国系统提供人道主义援助的重要性，并欣见第46/182号决议通过20周年，", "1. 欣见经济及社会理事会在2011年实质性会议期间召开的第十四轮人道主义事务会议的成果；[8]", "2. 请紧急救济协调员继续努力，通过机构间常设委员会等途径，加强人道主义援助的协调和问责，并加强联合国人道主义应急系统内的领导能力，吁请联合国相关组织、其他相关政府间组织、其他人道主义和发展行为体继续同秘书处人道主义事务协调厅合作，加强协调，提高人道主义援助的效益和效率；", "3. 又请紧急救济协调员就机构间常设委员会的相关程序、活动和议事工作与会员国增进对话；", "4. 吁请联合国系统相关组织，并酌情吁请其他相关人道主义行为体，继续作出努力，改进在发生自然灾害和人为灾害及复杂紧急情况时作出的人道主义反应，进一步加强各级的人道主义应急能力，继续加强在全球和实地层面提供并协调人道主义援助，包括通过现有的群组协调机制开展这项工作，酌情向受灾国国家当局提供支持，并进一步提高效率和透明度，增强业绩和加强问责；", "5. 确认，让相关人道主义行为体参与并与之开展协调，有利于提高人道主义应急的效益，鼓励联合国继续作出努力,加强同国际红十字与红新月运动、相关人道主义非政府组织和机构间常设委员会其他参与者在全球一级的伙伴关系；", "6. 请秘书长继续加强向联合国驻地协调员/人道主义协调员和联合国国家工作队提供的支持，包括提供必要的培训，确定资源，改进物色和甄选联合国驻地/人道主义协调员的程序，加强对他们的绩效问责；", "7. 吁请联合国发展集团主席和紧急救济协调员加强协商，然后提出关于在可能需要大量人道主义应急行动的国家设立的驻地协调员的遴选程序；", "8. 重申执行《2005-2015年兵库行动框架：建立国家和社区的抗灾能力》³ 的重要性，赞赏地注意到《兵库行动框架》中期审查、[9] 2011年5月8日至13日在日内瓦举行的减少灾害风险全球平台第三届会议的成果和《2011年全球减轻灾害风险评估报告》；[10]", "9． 吁请会员国和国际社会提供更多资金，用于采取减少灾害风险的措施，包括尽可能切实提供可预测、灵活和充足的资金用于防灾、减灾和备灾，作出有效反应和制定应急计划，以便除其他外，进一步加强国家和地方防备和应对人道主义紧急情况的能力；并进一步鼓励国家利益攸关者与人道主义和发展行为体在这方面开展更加密切的合作；", "10． 敦促会员国、联合国和其他相关组织进一步采取措施，协调一致地迅速满足灾民的粮食和营养需求，同时力求这些措施对各国加强粮食保障的战略和方案起支持作用；", "11. 表示关切在人道主义紧急情况下与安全获取和使用燃料、木柴、替代能源、水和卫生设施、住所和食物以及保健服务等有关的挑战，并赞赏地注意到为促进这方面的合作而采取的国家和国际举措；", "12. 鼓励国际社会，包括联合国相关组织和红十字会与红新月会国际联合会，支持会员国为加强备灾和救灾能力作出的努力，并酌情支持进行努力，加强查明和监测包括脆弱性和自然灾害在内的灾害风险的系统；", "13. 欢迎在区域和国家两级为执行2007年11月26日至30日在日内瓦举行的第30届红十字与红新月国际大会通过的《国内便利和管理国际救灾和初期恢复援助工作导则》[11] 而采取的相关举措，鼓励会员国，并在可行时，鼓励区域组织采取进一步步骤，加强国际灾害救济工作的业务和法律框架，同时考虑到《导则》；", "14. 鼓励各国创造有利的环境，让地方当局以及全国和地方非政府组织和社区组织建立能力，以便确保更好地作准备，及时、有效和可预测地提供人道主义援助，并鼓励联合国和人道主义组织支持这些努力，包括酌情向发展中国家转让技术和专门知识，支持旨在加强受灾国协调能力的方案；", "15. 吁请联合国人道主义实体、其他相关人道主义组织、发展伙伴、私营部门、捐助国和受灾国加强合作与协调，并继续利用和开发适当的工具，以有利于早日恢复、持久复原和重建的方式规划和提供人道主义援助；", "16. 鼓励联合国系统及人道主义组织继续努力将早期恢复纳入人道主义规划的主流，承认应为早期恢复提供更多资金，鼓励为早期恢复提供及时、灵活和可预测的资金，包括通过已经订立的人道主义文书提供资金；", "17. 注意到会员国、联合国系统和国际社会加强备灾以及地方、国家和区域人道主义应急能力，并吁请联合国及相关合作伙伴继续给予这方面的支持；", "18. 鼓励努力在应对人道主义紧急情况时提供教育，以便有助于从救济顺利过渡到发展；", "19. 吁请联合国相关组织支持对联合呼吁进程作出的改进，除其他外，参与编制共同需求评估报告和共同人道主义行动计划，包括更好地分析与两性平等相关的拨款，以使这一进程进一步发展成为联合国开展战略规划和确定轻重缓急的工具，并争取其他相关人道主义组织参与这一进程，同时重申，联合呼吁应同受灾国协商共同起草；", "20. 请会员国、联合国系统相关人道主义组织和其他相关人道主义行为体确保人道主义应急措施的所有方面，包括备灾和需求评估，都要考虑到灾民的具体需要，同时确认适当考虑性别、年龄和残疾等情况是全面、有效的人道主义应急措施的一部分,并在这一方面鼓励为将性别平等观点纳入人道主义援助工作的主流而作出的各种努力；", "21. 吁请联合国人道主义组织酌情同会员国协商，进一步拟定共同机制，提高共同人道主义需求评估的质量、透明度和可靠性，取得进一步进展，以此来加强人道主义援助的事实依据，包括更好地采集、分析和报告按性别、年龄和残疾状况分列的数据，评估各组织提供援助的实际表现，确保它们以最有效的方式使用人道主义资源；", "22. 吁请联合国及其人道主义合作伙伴进一步接受包括受灾国在内的会员国和其他所有利益攸关者的问责，并进一步加强人道主义应急努力，包括监测和评价提供人道主义援助的情况，将所得经验教训纳入规划，并征求受灾人口的意见以便适当满足其需要；", "23. 吁请捐助者根据评估确定的需求，按比例提供充足、及时、可预测和有灵活性的人道主义援助资源，包括为资金不足的紧急情况提供资源，考虑尽早对人道主义集合资金作出多年承诺，继续支持各种人道主义供资渠道，鼓励努力遵守《人道主义捐助良好做法原则》，[12] 并就此鼓励私营部门、民间社会和其他相关实体提供适当捐款，对其他来源捐款加以补充；", "24. 欣见中央应急基金在以更及时和更可预测的方式应对人道主义紧急情况方面取得重大成就，强调指出必须继续改进基金的运作，以确保以最有效率、效益、问责和透明度的方式使用资源；", "25. 赞赏地注意到2011年进行的中央应急基金五年评价[13] 的结果，就此决定将贷款部分压缩到3 000万美元；并请将3 000万美元以上的任何资金余额，包括所得利息都存入基金的赠款部分并用于这一目的；", "26. 决定核准紧急救济协调员及相关业务机构在协调员的领导下，在特殊情况下并在时限范围内使用中央应急基金贷款部分，按照各自的任务规定，在外地能力不足的地方加强快速应急协调；", "27. 吁请所有会员国，并邀请私营部门以及所有相关个人和机构，考虑增加对中央应急基金的自愿捐款，强调这些捐款应不在目前为人道主义方案所作的承诺之列，并不应影响为国际发展合作提供的资源；", "28. 再次申明人道主义事务协调厅应获得充足和更可预测的资金，并吁请所有会员国考虑增加自愿捐款；", "29. 重申所有国家和武装冲突的当事方都有义务按照国际人道主义法保护武装冲突中的平民，邀请各国弘扬保护平民的文化，同时考虑到妇女、儿童、老人和残疾人的特殊需要；", "30. 吁请各国对武装冲突中针对平民的暴力行为采取预防措施和进行有效的应对，确保按照本国法律和国际法义务，迅速将应对这些行为负责的人绳之以法；", "31. 敦促所有会员国处理在人道主义紧急情况中发生的基于性别的暴力行为，确保其法律和机构体制足以防范、迅速调查和起诉基于性别的暴力行为，并吁请各国、联合国和所有相关人道主义组织更好地进行协调，统一作出反应，增强能力，以减少此类暴力行为，并确保为这些行为的受害者提供支助服务；", "32. 确认《关于境内流离失所问题的指导原则》[14] 是保护境内流离失所者的重要国际框架，鼓励会员国和人道主义机构与收容社区继续合作，努力以更可预测的方式满足境内流离失所者的需要，并为此吁请国际社会应请求继续并加强为各国的能力建设工作提供支助；", "33. 吁请所有在有人道主义人员活动的国家境内，处于复杂的人道主义紧急情况，特别是武装冲突和冲突后情况的各国和各方，按照国际法和本国法律的相关规定，同联合国及其他人道主义机构和组织充分合作，确保人道主义人员安全无阻地通行以及用品和设备得到运送，让这些人员高效开展工作，向灾民，包括难民和境内流离失所者提供援助；", "34. 欣见在努力进一步加强联合国安保管理系统方面取得的进展，并支持秘书长采取的办法，即把安保管理系统的重点放在有效管理有关人员所面临的风险，包括在提供人道主义援助的过程中所面临的风险方面，从而使联合国系统能够完成其各项任务、方案和活动；", "35. 请秘书长报告为使联合国继续加强快速、灵活征聘和部署工作人员的能力，迅速、合算和酌情在当地采购紧急救济物资和服务，迅速付款以支持有关国家政府和联合国国家工作队协调国际人道主义援助；", "36. 又请秘书长通过经济及社会理事会2012年实质性会议，向大会第六十七届会议报告在加强联合国紧急人道主义援助的协调方面取得的进展，并向大会提交关于使用中央应急基金详细情况的报告。", "2011年12月15日", "第86次全体会议", "[1] A/66/81-E/2011/117。", "[2] A/66/357。", "[3] A/CONF.206/6，第一章，决议2。", "[4] 可查阅www.africa-union.org。", "[5] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第75卷，第970-973号。", "[6] 同上，第189卷，第2545号。", "[7] 同上，第989卷，第14458号。", "[8] 见A/66/3，第六章。最后文本见《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第3号》。", "[9] 可查阅www.unisdr.org/we/inform/publications/18197。", "[10] 可查阅www.unisdr.org/we/inform/publications/19846。", "[11] 可查阅www.ifrc.org。", "[12] A/58/99-E/2003/94，附件二。", "[13] 可查http://ochaonline.un.org/cerf/WhatistheCERF/EvaluationsandReviews/tabid/ 5340/language/en-US/Default.aspx。", "[14] E/CN.4/1998/53/Add.2，附件。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 15 December 2011", "[without reference to a Main Committee (A/66/L.28 and Add.1)]", "66/119. Strengthening of the coordination of emergency humanitarian assistance of the United Nations", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming its resolution 46/182 of 19 December 1991 and the guiding principles contained in the annex thereto, other relevant General Assembly and Economic and Social Council resolutions and agreed conclusions of the Council,", "Noting the reports of the Secretary-General on the strengthening of the coordination of emergency humanitarian assistance of the United Nations[1] and on the Central Emergency Response Fund,[2]", "Reaffirming the principles of neutrality, humanity, impartiality and independence for the provision of humanitarian assistance, and reaffirming also the need for all actors engaged in the provision of humanitarian assistance in situations of complex emergencies and natural disasters to promote and fully respect these principles,", "Deeply concerned about global challenges such as the ongoing adverse impact of the world financial and economic crisis and the negative impact of the excessively volatile food prices on food security and about their effect on the increasing vulnerability of populations and impact on the need for and provision of humanitarian assistance,", "Emphasizing the need to mobilize adequate, predictable, timely and flexible resources for humanitarian assistance based on and in proportion to assessed needs, with a view to ensuring fuller coverage of the needs in all sectors and across humanitarian emergencies, and recognizing, in this regard, the achievements of the Central Emergency Response Fund,", "Reiterating the need for Member States, relevant United Nations organizations and other relevant actors to mainstream a gender perspective into humanitarian assistance, including by addressing the specific needs of women, girls, boys and men in a comprehensive and consistent manner, and to take into account the needs of affected populations, including persons with disabilities,", "Expressing its deep concern about the increasing challenges faced by Member States and the United Nations humanitarian response system and their capacities as a result of the consequences of natural disasters, including those related to the continuing impact of climate change, and reaffirming the importance of implementing the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005–2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters,[3] inter alia, by providing adequate resources for disaster risk reduction, including investment in disaster preparedness, and by working towards building back better in all phases from relief to development,", "Recognizing the challenges posed by the magnitude and complexity of recent humanitarian emergencies, in particular to the capacity and coordination of the humanitarian response system,", "Recognizing also that building national and local preparedness and response capacity is critical to a more predictable and effective response and contributes to the achievement of humanitarian and development objectives, including enhanced resilience and a reduced need for humanitarian response,", "Emphasizing that enhancing international cooperation on emergency humanitarian assistance is essential, and reaffirming its resolution 65/264 of 28 January 2011 on international cooperation on humanitarian assistance in the field of natural disasters,", "Emphasizing also the fundamentally civilian character of humanitarian assistance, and, in situations in which military capacity and assets are used to support the implementation of humanitarian assistance, reaffirming the need for their use to be undertaken with the consent of the affected State and in conformity with international law, including international humanitarian law, as well as humanitarian principles,", "Condemning the increasing number of deliberate threats and violent attacks against humanitarian personnel and facilities, and noting the negative implications for the provision of humanitarian assistance to populations in need,", "Recognizing the high numbers of persons affected by humanitarian emergencies, including internally displaced persons, bearing in mind their particular needs, and welcoming in this regard the adoption and ongoing process of ratification of the African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa,[4] which marks a significant step towards strengthening the national and regional normative framework for the protection of and assistance to internally displaced persons in Africa,", "Recognizing also the importance of the Geneva Conventions of 1949,[5] which include a vital legal framework for the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, including the provision of humanitarian assistance,", "Noting with grave concern that violence, including gender-based violence, particularly sexual violence, and violence against children, continues to be deliberately directed against civilian populations in many emergency situations,", "Noting with appreciation the efforts that the United Nations continues to make to improve humanitarian response, including by strengthening humanitarian response capacities, improving humanitarian coordination, enhancing predictable and adequate funding and strengthening the accountability of all stakeholders, and recognizing the importance of strengthening emergency administrative procedures and funding to allow for an effective and needs-based response to emergencies,", "Recognizing that, in strengthening the coordination of humanitarian assistance in the field, United Nations organizations should continue to work in close coordination with national Governments,", "Welcoming the sixtieth anniversary of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees[6] and the fiftieth anniversary of the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness,[7]", "Reaffirming the importance of humanitarian assistance by the United Nations system, and welcoming the twentieth anniversary of its resolution 46/182,", "1. Welcomes the outcome of the fourteenth humanitarian affairs segment of the Economic and Social Council at its substantive session of 2011;[8]", "2. Requests the Emergency Relief Coordinator to continue her efforts to strengthen the coordination and accountability of humanitarian assistance and leadership within the United Nations humanitarian response system, including through the Inter-Agency Standing Committee, and calls upon relevant United Nations organizations and other relevant intergovernmental organizations, as well as other humanitarian and development actors, to continue to work with the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs of the Secretariat to enhance the coordination, effectiveness and efficiency of humanitarian assistance;", "3. Also requests the Emergency Relief Coordinator to improve dialogue with Member States on the relevant processes, activities and deliberations of the Inter-Agency Standing Committee;", "4. Calls upon the relevant organizations of the United Nations system and, as appropriate, other relevant humanitarian actors to continue efforts to improve the humanitarian response to natural and man-made disasters and complex emergencies by further strengthening humanitarian response capacities at all levels, by continuing to strengthen the provision and coordination of humanitarian assistance at the global and field level, including through existing cluster coordination mechanisms, and in support of national authorities of the affected State, as appropriate, and by further enhancing efficiency, transparency, performance and accountability;", "5. Recognizes the benefits of engagement and coordination with relevant humanitarian actors to the effectiveness of humanitarian response, and encourages the United Nations to continue to pursue efforts to strengthen partnerships at the global level with the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, relevant humanitarian non-governmental organizations and other participants in the Inter‑Agency Standing Committee;", "6. Requests the Secretary-General to continue strengthening the support provided to United Nations resident/humanitarian coordinators and to United Nations country teams, including by providing necessary training, identifying resources and improving the identification of and the selection process for United Nations resident/humanitarian coordinators, and enhancing their performance accountability;", "7. Calls upon the Chair of the United Nations Development Group and the Emergency Relief Coordinator to enhance their consultations before presenting final recommendations on the selection process for resident coordinators in countries likely to require significant humanitarian response operations;", "8. Reaffirms the importance of implementing the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005–2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters,³ and takes note with appreciation of the midterm review of the Hyogo Framework for Action,[9] the outcome of the third session of the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction, held in Geneva from 8 to 13 May 2011, and the 2011 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction;[10]", "9. Calls upon Member States and the international community to increase resources for disaster risk reduction measures, including by providing effective, predictable, flexible and adequate funding, where possible, for prevention, mitigation and preparedness for effective response and contingency planning in order to, inter alia, further strengthen national and local capacities to prepare for and respond to humanitarian emergencies, and furthermore encourages closer cooperation between national stakeholders and humanitarian and development actors in this regard;", "10. Urges Member States, the United Nations and other relevant organizations to take further steps to provide a coordinated emergency response to the food and nutrition needs of affected populations, while aiming to ensure that such steps are supportive of national strategies and programmes aimed at improving food security;", "11. Expresses concern about the challenges related to, inter alia, safe access to and use of fuel, firewood, alternative energy, water and sanitation, shelter and food and health-care services in humanitarian emergencies, and takes note with appreciation of initiatives at the national and international levels that promote effective cooperation in this regard;", "12. Encourages the international community, including relevant United Nations organizations and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, to support efforts of Member States aimed at strengthening their capacity to prepare for and respond to disasters and to support efforts, as appropriate, to strengthen systems for identifying and monitoring disaster risk, including vulnerability and natural hazards;", "13. Welcomes the initiatives at the regional and national levels related to the implementation of the Guidelines for the Domestic Facilitation and Regulation of International Disaster Relief and Initial Recovery Assistance,[11] adopted at the Thirtieth International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent, held in Geneva from 26 to 30 November 2007, and encourages Member States and, where applicable, regional organizations to take further steps to strengthen operational and legal frameworks for international disaster relief, taking into account the Guidelines, as appropriate;", "14. Encourages States to create an enabling environment for the capacity‑building of local authorities and of national and local non-governmental and community-based organizations in order to ensure better preparedness in providing timely, effective and predictable humanitarian assistance, and encourages the United Nations and humanitarian organizations to provide support to such efforts, including, as appropriate, through the transfer of technology and expertise to developing countries and through support to programmes aimed at enhancing the coordination capacities of affected States;", "15. Calls upon United Nations humanitarian entities, other relevant humanitarian organizations, development partners, the private sector, donor countries and the affected State to enhance cooperation and coordination and to continue to utilize and develop appropriate tools with a view to planning and delivering humanitarian assistance in ways that are supportive of early recovery as well as of sustainable rehabilitation and reconstruction efforts;", "16. Encourages the United Nations system and humanitarian organizations to continue their efforts to mainstream early recovery into humanitarian programming, acknowledges that early recovery should receive further funding, and encourages the provision of timely, flexible and predictable funding for early recovery, including through established humanitarian instruments;", "17. Takes note of the efforts of Member States, the United Nations system and the international community to strengthen preparedness and local, national and regional humanitarian response capacity, and calls upon the United Nations and relevant partners to continue support in this regard;", "18. Encourages efforts to provide education in humanitarian emergencies, including in order to contribute to a smooth transition from relief to development;", "19. Calls upon relevant United Nations organizations to support the improvement of the consolidated appeals process, inter alia, by engaging in the preparation of common needs assessments and common humanitarian action plans, including through a better analysis of gender-related allocations, in order to further the development of the process as an instrument for United Nations strategic planning and prioritization, and by involving other relevant humanitarian organizations in the process, while reiterating that consolidated appeals should be prepared in consultation with affected States;", "20. Requests Member States, relevant humanitarian organizations of the United Nations system and other relevant humanitarian actors to ensure that all aspects of humanitarian response, including disaster preparedness and needs assessments, take into account the specific needs of the affected population, recognizing that giving appropriate consideration to, inter alia, gender, age and disability is part of a comprehensive and effective humanitarian response, and in this regard encourages efforts to ensure gender mainstreaming in the delivery of humanitarian assistance;", "21. Calls upon United Nations humanitarian organizations, in consultation with Member States, as appropriate, to strengthen the evidence base for humanitarian assistance by further developing common mechanisms to improve the quality, transparency and reliability of, and make further progress towards, common humanitarian needs assessments, including through improved collection, analysis and reporting of sex-, age- and disability-disaggregated data to assess their performance in assistance and to ensure the most effective use of humanitarian resources by these organizations;", "22. Calls upon the United Nations and its humanitarian partners to enhance accountability to Member States, including affected States, and all other stakeholders, and to further strengthen humanitarian response efforts, including by monitoring and evaluating the provision of their humanitarian assistance, incorporating lessons learned into programming and consulting with the affected populations so that their needs are appropriately addressed;", "23. Calls upon donors to provide adequate, timely, predictable and flexible resources based on and in proportion to assessed needs, including for underfunded emergencies, to consider providing early and multi-year commitments to pooled humanitarian funds and to continue to support diverse humanitarian funding channels, encourages efforts to adhere to the Principles and Good Practice of Humanitarian Donorship,[12] and in this respect encourages the private sector, civil society and other relevant entities to make relevant contributions, complementary to those of other sources;", "24. Welcomes the important achievements of the Central Emergency Response Fund in ensuring a more timely and predictable response to humanitarian emergencies, and stresses the importance of continuing to improve the functioning of the Fund in order to ensure that resources are used in the most efficient, effective, accountable and transparent manner possible;", "25. Takes note with appreciation of the findings of the five-year evaluation of the Central Emergency Response Fund carried out in 2011,[13] in this regard decides to reduce the size of the loan element of the Fund to 30 million United States dollars, and requests that the balance of any funds, including interest earned, above 30 million dollars be placed in the grant element of the Fund and used for that purpose;", "26. Decides to authorize, in exceptional circumstances and on a time-bound basis, the Emergency Relief Coordinator and relevant operational agencies under the leadership of the Coordinator to utilize the loan element of the Central Emergency Response Fund to enhance, within their respective mandates, rapid response coordination where insufficient capacity exists at the field level;", "27. Calls upon all Member States and invites the private sector and all concerned individuals and institutions to consider increasing their voluntary contributions to the Central Emergency Response Fund, and emphasizes that contributions should be additional to current commitments to humanitarian programming and should not be to the detriment of resources made available for international cooperation for development;", "28. Reiterates that the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs should benefit from adequate and more predictable funding, and calls upon all Member States to consider increasing voluntary contributions;", "29. Reaffirms the obligation of all States and parties to an armed conflict to protect civilians in armed conflicts in accordance with international humanitarian law, and invites States to promote a culture of protection, taking into account the particular needs of women, children, older persons and persons with disabilities;", "30. Calls upon States to adopt preventive measures and effective responses to acts of violence committed against civilian populations in armed conflicts and to ensure that those responsible are promptly brought to justice, in accordance with national law and their obligations under international law;", "31. Urges all Member States to address gender-based violence in humanitarian emergencies and to ensure that their laws and institutions are adequate to prevent, promptly investigate and prosecute gender-based violence, and calls upon States, the United Nations and all relevant humanitarian organizations to improve coordination, harmonize response and strengthen capacity, with a view to reducing such violence and ensuring support services to victims of such violence;", "32. Recognizes the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement[14] as an important international framework for the protection of internally displaced persons, encourages Member States and humanitarian agencies to continue to work together, in collaboration with host communities, in endeavours to provide a more predictable response to the needs of internally displaced persons, and in this regard calls for continued and enhanced international support, upon request, for the capacity-building efforts of States;", "33. Calls upon all States and parties in complex humanitarian emergencies, in particular in armed conflict and in post-conflict situations, in countries in which humanitarian personnel are operating, in conformity with the relevant provisions of international law and national laws, to cooperate fully with the United Nations and other humanitarian agencies and organizations and to ensure the safe and unhindered access of humanitarian personnel, as well as delivery of supplies and equipment, in order to allow such personnel to efficiently perform their task of assisting affected civilian populations, including refugees and internally displaced persons;", "34. Welcomes the progress made towards further enhancing the security management system of the United Nations, and supports the approach taken by the Secretary-General to focus the security management system on enabling the United Nations system to deliver on its mandates, programmes and activities by effectively managing the risks to which personnel are exposed, including in the provision of humanitarian assistance;", "35. Requests the Secretary-General to report on actions taken to enable the United Nations to continue to strengthen its ability to recruit and deploy staff quickly and flexibly, to procure emergency relief materials and services rapidly, cost-effectively and locally, where applicable, and to quickly disburse funds in order to support Governments and United Nations country teams in the coordination of international humanitarian assistance;", "36. Also requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session, through the Economic and Social Council at its substantive session of 2012, on progress made in strengthening the coordination of emergency humanitarian assistance of the United Nations and to submit a report to the Assembly on the detailed use of the Central Emergency Response Fund.", "86th plenary meeting 15 December 2011", "[1]  A/66/81‑E/2011/117.", "[2]  A/66/357.", "[3]  A/CONF.206/6 and Corr.1, chap. I, resolution 2.", "[4]  Available from www.africa-union.org.", "[5]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 75, Nos. 970–973.", "[6]  Ibid., vol. 189, No. 2545.", "[7]  Ibid., vol. 989, No. 14458.", "[8]  See A/66/3, chap. VI. For the final text, see Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 3.", "[9] Available from www.unisdr.org/we/inform/publications/18197.", "[10] Available from www.unisdr.org/we/inform/publications/19846.", "[11]  Available from www.ifrc.org.", "[12]  A/58/99‑E/2003/94, annex II.", "[13]  Available from http://ochaonline.un.org/cerf/WhatistheCERF/EvaluationsandReviews/tabid/5340/language/ en-US/Default.aspx.", "[14]  E/CN.4/1998/53/Add.2, annex." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 15 December 2011", "[without reference to a Main Committee (A/66/L.28 and Add.1)]", "66/119. Strengthening of the coordination of emergency humanitarian assistance of the United Nations", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming its resolution 46/182 of 19 December 1991 and the guiding principles contained in the annex thereto, other relevant General Assembly and Economic and Social Council resolutions and agreed conclusions of the Council,", "Taking note of the reports of the Secretary-General on strengthening of the coordination of emergency humanitarian assistance of the United Nations [1] and on the Central Emergency Response Fund,[2]", "Reaffirming the principles of neutrality, humanity, impartiality and independence for the provision of humanitarian assistance, and reaffirming also the need for all actors providing humanitarian assistance in situations of complex emergencies and natural disasters to promote and fully respect those principles,", "Expressing deep concern about the ongoing adverse effects of the world financial and economic crisis and the negative impact of excessive food price volatility on food security, such as global challenges that increase the vulnerability of populations and affect the demand for and supply of humanitarian assistance,", "Emphasizing the need to mobilize adequate, predictable, timely and flexible resources to provide humanitarian assistance in proportion to needs identified through assessments, with a view to addressing more comprehensively all aspects of needs and humanitarian emergencies, and recognizing in this regard the achievements of the Central Emergency Response Fund,", "Reiterating the need for Member States, relevant United Nations organizations and other relevant actors to mainstream a gender perspective in humanitarian assistance, including by addressing the specific needs of women, girls, boys and men in a comprehensive and consistent manner and taking into account the needs of affected populations, including persons with disabilities,", "Expressing deep concern at the increasing challenges faced by Member States and the United Nations humanitarian response system and their capacities as a result of the consequences of natural disasters, including the continuing impact of climate change, and reaffirming the importance of implementing the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters,[3] inter alia, by providing adequate resources for disaster risk reduction measures, including investment in disaster preparedness and efforts to achieve better reconstruction in all phases, from relief to development,", "Recognizing the magnitude and complexity of recent humanitarian emergencies and the challenges they pose, in particular to the capacity and coordination of the humanitarian response system,", "Recognizing also that building national and local capacities for disaster preparedness and response is essential for a more predictable and effective response and contributes to the achievement of humanitarian and development goals, including improving resilience and reducing the need for humanitarian response,", "Emphasizing the importance of strengthening international cooperation in emergency humanitarian assistance, and reaffirming its resolution 65/264 of 28 January 2011 on international cooperation on humanitarian assistance in the field of natural disasters,", "Emphasizing also the fundamentally civilian character of humanitarian assistance, and reaffirming that the use of military capacity and assets in support of the implementation of humanitarian assistance must be with the consent of the affected State and in conformity with international law, including international humanitarian law, and humanitarian principles,", "Condemning the increasing number of deliberate threats and violent attacks against humanitarian personnel and facilities, and noting their negative impact on the provision of humanitarian assistance to populations in need,", "Recognizing that a significant number of persons are affected by humanitarian emergencies, including internally displaced persons, bearing in mind their specific needs, and welcoming in this regard the adoption of the African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa and the ongoing ratification process, as an important step towards strengthening the national and regional normative framework for the protection of and assistance to internally displaced persons in Africa,", "Recognizing also the importance of the Geneva Conventions of 1949 [5], which include a key legal framework for the protection of civilians in time of war, including provisions for humanitarian assistance,", "Noting with grave concern that systematic violence, including gender-based violence, in particular sexual violence, and violence against children continues to be perpetrated against civilians in many emergency situations,", "Noting with appreciation the continuing efforts of the United Nations to improve its humanitarian response, including by strengthening its humanitarian response capacity, improving humanitarian coordination, improving the predictability and adequacy of funding and enhancing the accountability of all stakeholders, and recognizing the importance of strengthening administrative procedures and funding in emergencies to enable an effective needs-based response to emergencies,", "Recognizing that United Nations organizations should continue to coordinate closely with national Governments in strengthening the coordination of humanitarian assistance in the field,", "Welcoming the [6] sixtieth anniversary of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and the [7] fiftieth anniversary of the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness,", "Reaffirming the importance of humanitarian assistance provided by the United Nations system, and welcoming the twentieth anniversary of the adoption of resolution 46/182,", "1. Welcomes the outcome of the fourteenth round of humanitarian affairs convened by the Economic and Social Council during its substantive session of 2011;[8]", "2. Requests the Emergency Relief Coordinator to continue his efforts to strengthen the coordination and accountability of humanitarian assistance and leadership within the United Nations humanitarian response system, including through the Inter-Agency Standing Committee, and calls upon relevant United Nations organizations, other relevant intergovernmental organizations and other humanitarian and development actors to continue to work with the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs of the Secretariat to enhance coordination and improve the effectiveness and efficiency of humanitarian assistance;", "3. Also requests the Emergency Relief Coordinator to enhance dialogue with Member States on relevant procedures, activities and deliberations of the Inter-Agency Standing Committee;", "4. Calls upon the relevant organizations of the United Nations system and, as appropriate, other relevant humanitarian actors to continue their efforts to improve the humanitarian response in the event of natural and man-made disasters and complex emergencies, to strengthen further the humanitarian response capacity at all levels, to continue to strengthen the delivery and coordination of humanitarian assistance at the global and field levels, including through existing cluster coordination mechanisms, to provide support, as appropriate, to the national authorities of the affected country and to further enhance efficiency, transparency, performance and accountability;", "5. Recognizes the contribution of engagement and coordination with relevant humanitarian actors to enhancing the effectiveness of humanitarian response, and encourages the United Nations to continue its efforts to strengthen partnerships at the global level with the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, relevant humanitarian non-governmental organizations and other participants in the Inter-Agency Standing Committee;", "6. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to strengthen the support provided to United Nations resident/humanitarian coordinators and United Nations country teams, including by providing the necessary training, identifying resources, improving the process for identifying and selecting United Nations resident/humanitarian coordinators and enhancing their accountability for performance;", "7. Calls upon the Chair of the United Nations Development Group and the Emergency Relief Coordinator to intensify consultations before proposing a selection process for resident coordinators in countries that may require a significant humanitarian response;", "8. Reaffirms the importance of implementing the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters,3 and notes with appreciation the midterm review of the Hyogo Framework for Action,[9] the outcome of the third session of the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction, held in Geneva from 8 to 13 May 2011, and the 2011 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction;[10]", "9. Calls upon Member States and the international community to provide increased funding for disaster risk reduction measures, including the provision of predictable, flexible and adequate financial resources as effectively as possible for prevention, mitigation and preparedness, effective response and contingency planning, in order to, inter alia, further strengthen national and local capacities for preparedness and response to humanitarian emergencies, and further encourages closer cooperation in this regard between national stakeholders and humanitarian and development actors;", "10. Urges Member States, the United Nations and other relevant organizations to take further measures to address the food and nutrition needs of affected populations in a coordinated and expeditious manner, while seeking to support national strategies and programmes to enhance food security;", "11. Expresses concern about the challenges related to safe access to and use of fuel, firewood, alternative sources of energy, water and sanitation, shelter and food and health services in humanitarian emergencies, and notes with appreciation national and international initiatives to promote cooperation in this regard;", "12. Encourages the international community, including relevant United Nations organizations and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, to support the efforts of Member States to strengthen preparedness and response capacities and, as appropriate, to support efforts to strengthen systems for identifying and monitoring disaster risks, including vulnerability and natural disasters;", "13. Welcomes relevant initiatives taken at the regional and national levels to implement the Guidelines for the Domestic Facilitation and Regulation of International Disaster Relief and Initial Recovery Assistance, adopted at the 30th International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent, held in Geneva from 26 to 30 November 2007, and encourages Member States and, where feasible, regional organizations to take further steps to strengthen the operational and legal framework for international disaster relief, taking into account the Guidelines;", "14. Encourages States to create an enabling environment for the capacity-building of local authorities, as well as national and local non-governmental and community-based organizations, in order to ensure better preparedness and timely, effective and predictable delivery of humanitarian assistance, and encourages the United Nations and humanitarian organizations to support those efforts, including, as appropriate, the transfer of technology and expertise to developing countries and programmes aimed at strengthening the coordination capacity of affected countries;", "15. Calls upon United Nations humanitarian entities, other relevant humanitarian organizations, development partners, the private sector, donor countries and affected countries to strengthen their cooperation and coordination and to continue to use and develop appropriate tools for the planning and delivery of humanitarian assistance in a manner conducive to early recovery, durable rehabilitation and reconstruction;", "16. Encourages the United Nations system and humanitarian organizations to continue their efforts to mainstream early recovery into humanitarian planning, recognizes that additional funding should be made available for early recovery, and encourages the provision of timely, flexible and predictable funding for early recovery, including through established humanitarian instruments;", "17. Notes the strengthening of preparedness and local, national and regional humanitarian response capacities by Member States, the United Nations system and the international community, and calls upon the United Nations and relevant partners to continue their support in this regard;", "18. Encourages efforts to provide education in response to humanitarian emergencies in order to facilitate a smooth transition from relief to development;", "19. Calls upon relevant United Nations organizations to support improvements to the consolidated appeals process by, inter alia, participating in the preparation of common needs assessment reports and common humanitarian action plans, including better analysis of gender-related allocations, in order to further develop the process as a United Nations tool for strategic planning and prioritization and to engage other relevant humanitarian organizations in the process, while reaffirming that consolidated appeals should be drafted in consultation with affected countries;", "20. Invites Member States, relevant humanitarian organizations of the United Nations system and other relevant humanitarian actors to ensure that all aspects of humanitarian response, including disaster preparedness and needs assessments, take into account the specific needs of affected populations, while recognizing that gender, age and disability, as appropriate, are part of a comprehensive and effective humanitarian response, and in this regard encourages efforts to mainstream a gender perspective in humanitarian assistance;", "21. Calls upon United Nations humanitarian organizations, in consultation with Member States, as appropriate, to strengthen the evidence base for humanitarian assistance by further developing common mechanisms to improve the quality, transparency and reliability of common humanitarian needs assessments and making further progress, including by improving the collection, analysis and reporting of data disaggregated by sex, age and disability, assessing the actual performance of the organizations in providing assistance and ensuring that humanitarian resources are used in the most effective manner;", "22. Calls upon the United Nations and its humanitarian partners to increase their accountability to Member States, including affected countries, and all other stakeholders and to further strengthen humanitarian response efforts, including by monitoring and evaluating the provision of humanitarian assistance, incorporating lessons learned into planning and seeking the views of affected populations in order to adequately address their needs;", "23. Calls upon donors to provide adequate, timely, predictable and flexible resources for humanitarian assistance, including for underfunded emergencies, on a pro rata basis, based on needs identified in assessments, to consider early multi-year commitments to humanitarian pooled funds, to continue to support humanitarian funding channels, and encourages efforts to adhere to the Principles of Good Practice in Humanitarian Donorship, [12] and in this regard encourages the private sector, civil society and other relevant entities to make appropriate contributions and to complement contributions from other sources;", "24. Welcomes the significant achievements of the Central Emergency Response Fund in responding to humanitarian emergencies in a more timely and predictable manner, and stresses the importance of continuing to improve the functioning of the Fund in order to ensure the most efficient, effective, accountable and transparent use of resources;", "25. Takes note with appreciation of the results of the five-year evaluation of the Central Emergency Response Fund, conducted in 2011, and, in this regard, decides to reduce the loan component to 30 million United States dollars, and requests that any fund balance above 30 million United States dollars, including interest earned, be deposited in the grant element of the Fund and used for that purpose;", "26. Decides to authorize the Emergency Relief Coordinator and relevant operational agencies, under the leadership of the Coordinator, to use the Central Emergency Response Fund loan component under exceptional circumstances and within time frames to enhance rapid response coordination where capacity in the field is insufficient, in accordance with their respective mandates;", "27. Calls upon all Member States, and invites the private sector, as well as all relevant individuals and institutions, to consider increasing voluntary contributions to the Central Emergency Response Fund, and emphasizes that such contributions should be additional to current commitments to humanitarian programmes and should not affect resources for international development cooperation;", "28. Reiterates that the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs should receive adequate and more predictable funding, and calls upon all Member States to consider increasing voluntary contributions;", "29. Reaffirms the obligation of all States and parties to armed conflict to protect civilians in armed conflict in accordance with international humanitarian law, and invites States to promote a culture of protection of civilians, taking into account the special needs of women, children, older persons and persons with disabilities;", "30. Calls upon States to take preventive measures and an effective response to acts of violence committed against civilians in armed conflict and to ensure that those responsible are promptly brought to justice, as provided for by national law and obligations under international law;", "31. Urges all Member States to address gender-based violence in humanitarian emergencies and to ensure that their laws and institutions are adequate to prevent, promptly investigate and prosecute gender-based violence, and calls upon States, the United Nations and all relevant humanitarian organizations to improve their coordination, integrated response and capacity to reduce such violence and to ensure support services for victims of such violence;", "32. Recognizes the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement [14] as an important international framework for the protection of internally displaced persons, encourages Member States and humanitarian agencies to continue their efforts, in cooperation with host communities, to address the needs of internally displaced persons in a more predictable manner, and in this regard calls upon the international community to continue and strengthen its support, upon request, to national capacity-building efforts;", "33. Calls upon all States and parties in complex humanitarian emergencies, in particular in armed conflicts and in post-conflict situations, in countries in which humanitarian personnel are operating, in accordance with the relevant provisions of international law and national laws, to cooperate fully with the United Nations and other humanitarian agencies and organizations and to ensure the safe and unhindered access of humanitarian personnel and delivery of supplies and equipment, as well as the efficient functioning of those personnel in providing assistance to affected populations, including refugees and internally displaced persons;", "34. Welcomes the progress made in efforts to further strengthen the security management system of the United Nations, and supports the approach taken by the Secretary-General to focus the security management system on the effective management of risks to personnel, including in the delivery of humanitarian assistance, in order to enable the United Nations system to fulfil its mandates, programmes and activities;", "35. Requests the Secretary-General to report on the expeditious, cost-effective and, where appropriate, local procurement of emergency relief goods and services in support of the coordination of international humanitarian assistance by Governments and United Nations country teams in order to enable the United Nations to continue to strengthen its capacity to recruit and deploy staff quickly and flexibly;", "36. Also requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session, through the Economic and Social Council at its substantive session of 2012, on progress made in strengthening the coordination of emergency humanitarian assistance of the United Nations and to submit to the Assembly a detailed report on the use of the Central Emergency Response Fund.", "15 December 2011", "86th PLENARY MEETING", "[1] A/66/81-E/2011/117.", "[2] A/66/357.", "[3] A/CONF.206/6, chap. I, resolution 2.", "[4] Available at www.africa-union.org.", "[5] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 75, Nos. 970-973.", "[6] Ibid., vol. 189, No. 2545.", "[7] Ibid., vol. 989, No. 14458.", "[8] See A/66/3, chap. For the final text, see Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 3.", "[9] Available at www.unisdr.org/we/info/publications/18197.", "[10] Available at www.unisdr.org/we/info/publications/19846.", "[11] Available at www.ifrc.org.", "[12] A/58/99-E/2003/94, annex II.", "[13] Available at http://ochaonline.un.org/cerf/WhatistheCERF/EvaluationsandReviews/tabid/5340/language/en-US/Default.aspx.", "[14] E/CN.4/1998/53/Add.2, annex." ]

[ "2011年12月15日大会决议", "[未经发交主要委员会而通过(A/66/L.29和Add.1)]", "66/120. 加强人道主义援助、紧急救济和恢复，以应对非洲之角地区的严重干旱", "大会，", "回顾其1991年12月19日第46/182号决议以及大会和经济及社会理事会的其他有关决议，", "重申提供人道主义援助要遵守的中立、人道、公正和独立原则，所有在复杂的紧急情况和自然灾害的情形下提供人道主义援助的行为体都必须促进和充分尊重这些原则，", "强调受灾国对于在其境内发起、组织、协调和实施人道主义援助以及协助人道主义组织开展减轻自然灾害影响的工作负有首要责任，", "回顾联合国系统全球粮食安全危机高级别工作队制订的《最新综合行动框架》，[1] 其中除其他外强调了双轨办法，既要应对近期的人道主义粮食危机，又要满足建立长期复原能力以促进粮食和营养安全的需要，", "深为关切非洲之角地区的严重人道主义状况，联合国已宣布索马里部分地区处于饥荒状态，索马里其他地区以及埃塞俄比亚、肯尼亚和吉布提部分地区粮食无保障情况十分严重，共有1 300多万人需要援助来拯救生命，减轻痛苦，", "又深为关切索马里武装冲突旷日持久，武装团体阻止受灾人口接受或必要时寻求人道主义援助，妨碍或阻止人道主义工作人员及联合国人员和有关人员履行其人道主义职责，", "对生命损失和痛苦深感遗憾，并意识到非洲之角地区的干旱和饥荒形势对农作物和牲畜造成了巨大损失，并对环境造成了不利影响，", "强调迫切需要根据赤贫牧民和农民、难民和境内流离失所者等脆弱群体的需求评估结果，提供人道主义援助和持续的救济、恢复和生计援助，", "重点指出，非洲之角的人道主义危机尽管目前特别严重，却是一场持久危机，需要东道国政府、联合国、国际和区域组织、民间社会团体和捐助者持之以恒地致力于应对人道主义和发展挑战，", "欢迎非洲之角地区各国政府和人民努力为干旱和饥荒的受灾者提供保护和人道主义援助，欢迎各种区域倡议应对目前的人道主义危机，建立复原能力，防止旱灾，包括2011年9月8日和9日在内罗毕举行的政府间发展管理局和东非共同体非洲之角危机问题联合峰会、2011年8月25日非洲联盟在亚的斯亚贝巴举行的非洲之角问题认捐会议和2011年8月17日伊斯兰合作组织在土耳其伊斯坦布尔举行的索马里问题认捐会议，并欢迎这些会议的成果，", "又欢迎2011年9月24日在纽约举行的非洲之角危机人道主义救援问题部长级小型峰会及其成果，", "还欢迎国际社会，包括捐助者、联合国系统、区域组织、国际机构和国际红十字与红新月运动，非政府组织和私营部门实体作出努力，协助提供救济，补充非洲之角地区各国政府和人民的努力，抗击饥荒并应对干旱和粮食无保障造成的其他影响，", "确认联合国各组织在加强实地人道主义援助的协调时，应继续与各国政府密切协调，", "1. 声援、同情和支持非洲之角地区受干旱和饥荒影响的各国人民和政府；", "2. 赞扬受灾国政府采取步骤接纳难民，并吁请联合国继续与有关国家政府和其他伙伴密切合作，为难民提供必要的援助，并酌情为收容社区提供支持；", "3. 赞赏国际社会，包括各国政府、联合国系统、区域组织、国际机构和国际红十字与红新月运动，的以及非政府组织和私营部门实体为受灾人口提供紧急救济；", "4. 赞赏秘书长、紧急救济协调员、秘书处人道主义事务协调厅和联合国各基金和方案以及其他人道主义组织作出回应，并着重指出迫切需要继续加大援助力度，以减轻干旱在非洲之角地区受灾最严重的地区造成的影响，并建立长期的复原能力；", "5. 敦促国际社会，包括有关国际和区域组织，以及私营部门和民间社会，响应有关呼吁，继续提供人道主义援助，并向人道主义筹资机制捐款；", "6. 请紧急救济协调员继续领导加强人道主义援助协调的努力，并促进人道主义和发展行为体之间的伙伴关系；敦促联合国有关组织、其他有关政府间组织以及其他人道主义和有关发展行为体，包括民间社会，继续与人道主义事务协调厅合作，以增强人道主义援助的协调、效益和效率；", "7. 鼓励各国和其他提供人道主义援助的行为体改进与人道主义事务协调厅的合作，以增强为非洲之角提供的人道主义援助的协调、效益和效率；", "8. 请秘书长及联合国系统各机关和机构、国际金融机构和发展机构根据国家一级确定的优先事项，尽可能为非洲之角地区各国提供援助，持续提供有效的人道主义、技术和财政援助，协助其建立复原能力并克服人道主义方面的困境，特别是克服短期、中期和长期粮食无保障和长期缺水问题；", "9. 吁请各国保持非洲之角危机问题联合峰会上呈现的势头和作出的政治承诺，解决干旱多发地区脆弱的根源问题，并加强牧民和农牧民等受干旱影响的群体的复原能力，开展减轻风险活动，包括水资源管理、农业发展和社会保护活动，并将这些活动作为当务之急纳入发展政策、规划和国家资源分配；为此吁请国际社会继续支持这些努力；", "10. 请联合国系统有关机构和组织以及其他多边组织继续对国家和区域的努力维持适当的支持和援助，使其加强减少灾害风险的能力，包括受灾国家的预警、备灾及健康和营养监测等能力；", "11. 强烈谴责武装团体在索马里驱逐人道主义组织，禁止人道主义工作人员开展活动，以运送人道主义援助物资为袭击目标和妨碍或阻止人道主义援助的提供，并痛惜任何袭击人道主义工作人员的行为；", "12. 吁请各国和各方面遵照国际法和国内法的有关规定，同联合国及其他人道主义机构和组织充分合作，确保人道主义工作人员安全无阻地通行，并确保供应品和设备的运送，使这些工作人员能够拯救生命并高效率地执行任务，向包括难民和境内流离失所者在内的受灾平民提供援助；", "13. 请秘书长在题为“加强联合国紧急人道主义援助的协调”的分项下就本决议的执行情况向大会第六十七届会议提出报告。", "2011年12月15日", "第86次全体会议", "[1] 可查阅www.un-foodsecurity.org。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 15 December 2011", "[without reference to a Main Committee (A/66/L.29 and Add.1)]", "66/120. Strengthening humanitarian assistance, emergency relief and rehabilitation in response to the severe drought in the Horn of Africa region", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 46/182 of 19 December 1991 and other relevant General Assembly and Economic and Social Council resolutions,", "Reaffirming the principles of neutrality, humanity, impartiality and independence for the provision of humanitarian assistance, and the need for all actors engaged in the provision of humanitarian assistance in situations of complex emergencies and natural disasters to promote and fully respect these principles,", "Emphasizing that the affected State has primary responsibility for the initiation, organization, coordination and implementation of humanitarian assistance within its territory and for facilitation of the work of humanitarian organizations in mitigating the consequences of natural disasters,", "Recalling the Updated Comprehensive Framework for Action produced by the United Nations system High-level Task Force on the Global Food Security Crisis[1] which, among other things, emphasized the twin-track approach of addressing both the immediate humanitarian food crisis and the need for building long-term resilience to contribute to food and nutrition security,", "Deeply concerned about the critical humanitarian situation in the Horn of Africa region, where the United Nations has declared a state of famine in parts of Somalia, while other parts of Somalia and parts of Ethiopia, Kenya and Djibouti are suffering severe food insecurity and, altogether, over 13 million people are in need of assistance that saves lives and reduces suffering,", "Deeply concerned also about the protracted armed conflict in Somalia, including acts by armed groups to prevent affected populations from receiving or, where necessary, seeking humanitarian assistance, as well as to obstruct or prevent humanitarian personnel and United Nations and associated personnel from discharging their humanitarian functions,", "Deeply regretting the loss of human lives and suffering, and conscious of the huge loss in crops and livestock sustained and the negative impact on the environment of the drought and famine situation in the Horn of Africa region,", "Underlining the urgent need for humanitarian assistance and continued relief, rehabilitation and livelihood assistance, based on assessed needs of members of vulnerable communities, such as destitute pastoralists and farmers, refugees and internally displaced persons,", "Highlighting the fact that the humanitarian crisis in the Horn of Africa, although exceptionally acute at this time, is a protracted crisis that requires continued commitments by host Governments, the United Nations, international and regional organizations, civil society groups and donors to address humanitarian and developmental challenges,", "Welcoming the efforts of the Governments and people of the Horn of Africa region to protect and provide humanitarian assistance to the victims of drought and famine, and welcoming also regional initiatives to address the present humanitarian crisis, build resilience and prevent drought disasters, including the Intergovernmental Authority on Development and East African Community joint summit on the Horn of Africa crisis, held in Nairobi on 8 and 9 September 2011, the African Union pledging conference for the Horn of Africa, held in Addis Ababa on 25 August 2011, and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation pledging meeting on Somalia, held in Istanbul, Turkey, on 17 August 2011, and their outcomes,", "Welcoming also the holding and outcome of the ministerial mini-summit on the humanitarian response to the Horn of Africa crisis, held in New York on 24 September 2011,", "Welcoming further the efforts and assistance of the international community, including donors, the United Nations system, regional organizations, international agencies, and the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, as well as non-governmental organizations and private sector entities, in providing relief and in supplementing the efforts of the Governments and people of the Horn of Africa region to combat famine and other effects of drought and food insecurity,", "Recognizing that in strengthening the coordination of humanitarian assistance in the field, United Nations organizations should continue to work in close coordination with national Governments,", "1. Expresses its solidarity, sympathy and support for the people and Governments of the Horn of Africa region affected by the drought and famine conditions;", "2. Commends steps taken by the Governments of those affected countries to accommodate refugees, and calls upon the United Nations to continue to work closely with the Governments concerned and other partners in providing necessary assistance to refugees and support to host communities, as appropriate;", "3. Expresses its appreciation to the international community, including Governments, the United Nations system, regional organizations, international agencies and the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, as well as non-governmental organizations and private sector entities, that are providing emergency relief to the affected populations;", "4. Expresses its appreciation to the Secretary-General, the Emergency Relief Coordinator, the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs of the Secretariat and the United Nations funds and programmes, as well as other humanitarian organizations, for their response, and underlines the urgent need to continue to scale up assistance aimed at alleviating the consequences of the drought in the most affected areas in the Horn of Africa region and to build resilience in the longer term;", "5. Urges the international community, including relevant international and regional organizations, as well as the private sector and civil society, to continue providing humanitarian assistance and to make contributions to humanitarian funding mechanisms, in response to relevant appeals;", "6. Requests the Emergency Relief Coordinator to continue to lead the efforts to strengthen the coordination of humanitarian assistance and promote partnerships among humanitarian and development actors, and urges relevant United Nations and other relevant intergovernmental organizations, as well as other humanitarian and relevant development actors, including civil society, to continue to work with the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs to enhance the coordination, effectiveness and efficiency of humanitarian assistance;", "7. Encourages States and other actors providing humanitarian assistance to improve cooperation with the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs so as to enhance the coordination, effectiveness and efficiency of humanitarian assistance to the Horn of Africa;", "8. Requests the Secretary-General and all the organs and bodies of the United Nations system, international financial institutions and development agencies to assist the countries of the Horn of Africa region whenever possible through continued effective humanitarian, technical and financial assistance that contributes to building resilience and overcoming the humanitarian situation, in particular food insecurity and chronic water deficiency in the short, medium and long term, in conformity with the priorities identified at the national level;", "9. Calls upon all States to maintain the momentum and political commitment shown at the joint summit on the Horn of Africa crisis to addressing the underlying causes of vulnerability in drought-prone areas and strengthening the resilience of members of drought-affected communities, including pastoralists and agro-pastoralists, through the prioritization and integration of risk-reduction activities, including water management, agricultural development and social protection, into development policies, planning and national resource allocations, and in this regard calls upon the international community to continue to support those efforts;", "10. Requests the relevant organs and organizations of the United Nations system and other multilateral organizations to continue to maintain appropriate support and assistance to national and regional efforts towards strengthening disaster risk reduction, including early warning, disaster preparedness and health and nutrition surveillance capacities of the countries affected;", "11. Strongly condemns the expulsion of humanitarian organizations, the ban on the activities of humanitarian personnel, and the targeting, hindering or prevention of the delivery of humanitarian assistance in Somalia by armed groups, and deplores any attacks on humanitarian personnel;", "12. Calls upon all States and parties to cooperate fully with the United Nations and other humanitarian agencies and organizations, in conformity with the relevant provisions of international law and national laws, and to ensure the safe and unhindered access of humanitarian personnel, as well as delivery of supplies and equipment, in order to allow such personnel to save lives and efficiently perform their task of assisting affected civilian populations, including refugees and internally displaced persons;", "13. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the implementation of the present resolution under the sub-item entitled “Strengthening of the coordination of emergency humanitarian assistance of the United Nations”.", "86th plenary meeting 15 December 2011", "[1]  Available from www.un-foodsecurity.org." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 15 December 2011", "[without reference to a Main Committee (A/66/L.29 and Add.1)]", "66/120. Strengthening humanitarian assistance, emergency relief and rehabilitation in response to the severe drought in the Horn of Africa region", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 46/182 of 19 December 1991 and other relevant resolutions of the General Assembly and the Economic and Social Council,", "Reaffirming the principles of neutrality, humanity, impartiality and independence for the provision of humanitarian assistance, which must be promoted and fully respected by all actors providing humanitarian assistance in situations of complex emergencies and natural disasters,", "Emphasizing that the affected State has the primary responsibility in the initiation, organization, coordination and implementation of humanitarian assistance within its territory and in the facilitation of the work of humanitarian organizations in mitigating the effects of natural disasters,", "Recalling the updated Comprehensive Framework for Action developed by the High-level Task Force on the Global Food Security Crisis of the United Nations system, which emphasizes, inter alia, a two-track approach, addressing both the immediate humanitarian food crisis and the need to build long-term resilience for food and nutrition security,", "Deeply concerned by the grave humanitarian situation in the Horn of Africa region, where the United Nations has declared parts of Somalia to be in a state of famine and where food insecurity is acute in other parts of Somalia and in parts of Ethiopia, Kenya and Djibouti, and where more than 13 million people are in need of assistance to save lives and alleviate their suffering,", "Deeply concerned also at the protracted armed conflict in Somalia, where armed groups prevent affected populations from receiving or, where necessary, seeking humanitarian assistance and impede or prevent humanitarian workers and United Nations and associated personnel from fulfilling their humanitarian responsibilities,", "Deploring the loss of life and suffering, and conscious of the tremendous losses to crops and livestock caused by the drought and famine situation in the Horn of Africa region and the negative impact on the environment,", "Emphasizing the urgent need for humanitarian assistance and sustained relief, rehabilitation and livelihood assistance based on assessments of the needs of vulnerable groups, such as destitute pastoralists and farmers, refugees and internally displaced persons,", "Highlighting that the humanitarian crisis in the Horn of Africa, although particularly acute at present, is a protracted one that requires the sustained commitment of host Governments, the United Nations, international and regional organizations, civil society groups and donors to address humanitarian and development challenges,", "Welcoming the efforts of the Governments and peoples of the Horn of Africa region to provide protection and humanitarian assistance to those affected by drought and famine, as well as regional initiatives to address the current humanitarian crisis, build resilience and prevent drought, including the Joint Summit of the Intergovernmental Authority on Development and the East African Community on the Horn of Africa Crisis, held in Nairobi on 8 and 9 September 2011, the African Union Pledging Conference for the Horn of Africa, held in Addis Ababa on 25 August 2011, and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation Pledging Conference for Somalia, held in Istanbul, Turkey, on 17 August 2011, and welcoming the outcomes of those conferences,", "Welcoming also the mini-ministerial summit on humanitarian relief in the Horn of Africa crisis, held in New York on 24 September 2011, and its outcome,", "Welcoming further the efforts of the international community, including donors, the United Nations system, regional organizations, international agencies and the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, non-governmental organizations and private sector entities, to contribute to the provision of relief to complement the efforts of the Governments and peoples of the Horn of Africa region to combat famine and other effects of drought and food insecurity,", "Recognizing that United Nations organizations should continue to coordinate closely with national Governments in strengthening the coordination of humanitarian assistance in the field,", "Expresses its solidarity, sympathy and support to the peoples and Governments of the Horn of Africa region affected by drought and famine;", "2. Commends the Governments of the affected countries for the steps they have taken to host refugees, and calls upon the United Nations to continue to work closely with the Governments concerned and other partners to provide the necessary assistance to refugees and, as appropriate, to provide support to host communities;", "3. Expresses its appreciation to the international community, including Governments, the United Nations system, regional organizations, international institutions and the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, as well as non-governmental organizations and private sector entities, for providing emergency relief to the affected population;", "4. Expresses its appreciation for the response of the Secretary-General, the Emergency Relief Coordinator, the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs of the Secretariat and United Nations funds and programmes, as well as other humanitarian organizations, and stresses the urgent need for continued and intensified assistance to mitigate the effects of the drought in the most affected areas of the Horn of Africa region and to build long-term resilience;", "5. Urges the international community, including relevant international and regional organizations, as well as the private sector and civil society, to continue to provide humanitarian assistance in response to relevant appeals and to contribute to humanitarian funding mechanisms;", "6. Requests the Emergency Relief Coordinator to continue to lead efforts to strengthen the coordination of humanitarian assistance and to promote partnerships between humanitarian and development actors, and urges relevant United Nations organizations, other relevant intergovernmental organizations and other humanitarian and relevant development actors, including civil society, to continue to work with the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs to enhance the coordination, effectiveness and efficiency of humanitarian assistance;", "7. Encourages States and other actors providing humanitarian assistance to improve cooperation with the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs in order to enhance the coordination, effectiveness and efficiency of humanitarian assistance to the Horn of Africa;", "8. Requests the Secretary-General and the organs and agencies of the United Nations system, international financial institutions and development agencies to provide, to the extent possible, assistance to the countries of the Horn of Africa region in building their resilience and overcoming their humanitarian plight, in particular over the short, medium and long-term food insecurity and chronic water shortages, in accordance with the priorities identified at the national level;", "9. Calls upon States to maintain the momentum and political commitment at the Joint Summit on the Horn of Africa Crisis to address the root causes of vulnerability in drought-prone areas and to strengthen the resilience of drought-affected groups, such as pastoralists and farmers and pastoralists, through risk reduction activities, including water resources management, agricultural development and social protection activities, and to integrate them as a matter of urgency into development policies, planning and national resource allocation, and in this regard calls upon the international community to continue to support these efforts;", "10. Requests the relevant bodies and organizations of the United Nations system, as well as other multilateral organizations, to continue to maintain appropriate support and assistance to national and regional efforts to strengthen their capacities for disaster risk reduction, including early warning, preparedness and health and nutrition monitoring in affected countries;", "11. Strongly condemns the expulsion of humanitarian organizations by armed groups in Somalia, the prohibition of the activities of humanitarian workers, the targeting of humanitarian aid delivery and the obstruction or obstruction of the delivery of humanitarian assistance, and deplores any attacks on humanitarian workers;", "12. Calls upon States and all parties to cooperate fully with the United Nations and other humanitarian agencies and organizations, in accordance with the relevant provisions of international and national law, to ensure the safe and unhindered access of humanitarian personnel and the delivery of supplies and equipment so as to enable such personnel to save their lives and perform efficiently their task of providing assistance to affected civilians, including refugees and internally displaced persons;", "Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the implementation of the present resolution under the sub-item entitled “Strengthening of the coordination of emergency humanitarian assistance of the United Nations”.", "15 December 2011", "86th PLENARY MEETING", "[1] Available at www.un-foodsecurity.org." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/454(Part II))通过]", "66/121. 青年政策和方案", "大会，", "回顾大会在其1995年12月14日第50/81号和2007年12月18日第62/126号决议中通过的《世界青年行动纲领》，", "又回顾大会2011年7月26日通过的关于“青年：对话和相互了解”的大会高级别会议的成果文件，[1]", "还回顾世界金融和经济危机及其对发展的影响问题会议成果，[2]", "欢迎斯里兰卡政府主动提议2014年在科伦坡举办世界青年会议，并确定会议的中心议题是青年参加和参与实现包括千年发展目标在内的国际商定发展目标，", "又欢迎各国代表团吸纳青年代表参加大会会议，", "深为关切世界许多地区青年尤其是女孩和女青年的境况受到世界金融危机和经济危机的负面影响，重申消除贫穷仍然是当今世界面临的最大全球性挑战，认识到其影响超越社会经济范畴，", "认识到青年人追求理想，应对挑战，发挥潜力的方式将影响到当前的社会和经济情况以及子孙后代的福利和生计，并强调有必要进一步努力，特别是通过支持青年人发挥潜力和才能及克服面临的障碍，促进他们的利益，包括使他们能够充分享有人权，", "又认识到国际社会一直面临相互关联的多重危机，包括金融和经济危机、能源和粮食价格波动的持续影响和持续的粮食安全忧虑，以及气候变化和生物多样性丧失所构成的日益严峻的挑战，所有这些都加剧了脆弱性和不平等状况，对发展成果造成了不利影响，对发展中国家而言尤为如此，并呼吁加强合作，协调行动，应对这些挑战，同时考虑到教育在这一方面可以发挥积极作用，", "1. 重申《世界青年行动纲领》，[3] 包括其十五个相互关联的优先领域，并吁请会员国在地方、国家、区域和国际各级继续执行《行动纲领》；", "2. 赞赏地注意到秘书长题为“国际青年年：对话和相互了解”的报告；[4]", "3. 又赞赏地注意到秘书长题为“实施世界青年行动纲领：联合国系统青年工作的协调与合作”的报告，[5] 并欢迎联合国各实体近来在青年发展领域增加协作；", "4. 表示深为关切的是，金融和经济危机、能源和粮食价格波动的持续影响和持续存在的粮食安全忧虑以及气候变化和生物多样性丧失构成的日益严峻的挑战等相互关联的多重危机可能阻碍实现各项社会发展目标；", "5. 确认各国青年既是促进发展的重要人力资源，又是社会变革、经济发展和技术创新的重要推动者，确认投资青年发展和教育对于实现可持续社会经济发展至关重要；", "6. 重申加强在青年问题方面的国际合作，包括通过兑现所有各项官方发展援助承诺，转移适当技术，开展能力建设，增进青年人对话、相互了解和积极参与等等，是实现消除贫穷、充分就业和社会融合的关键要素；", "7. 敦促会员国促进青年人和青年组织充分、有效地参与相关决策进程，包括在一切时候，特别是在危机时刻参与制订、实施和监测政策、方案和活动；", "8. 又敦促会员国在经济和金融复苏措施中具体顾及青年发展，为此注重青年就业，促进创业和志愿服务并根据青年人及其社会的需求发展正规、非正规和非正式教育和培训系统，鼓励学术界、私营部门、工会和金融机构等所有相关利益攸关方推动社会责任，在这方面发展伙伴关系；", "9. 吁请会员国制定全面政策和行动计划，改善青年人福祉，尤其是改善贫穷和边缘化青年人福祉，特别要解决贫困、就业和社会融合问题，将这些问题作为本国发展议程中的重要方面，并鼓励国际社会和联合国系统在这方面支持会员国；", "10. 强调指出信息和通信技术对于提高青年人生活质量有着潜在作用，有助于他们更好地参与全球经济，并在这方面呼吁会员国在联合国系统、捐助者、私营部门和民间社会的帮助下，确保能够以非歧视、公平、安全和负担得起的方式普及信息和通信技术，特别是在学校和公共场所，通过技术转让和国际合作等办法消除障碍以弥合数字鸿沟，促进开发关于本地的内容，并采取措施，向青年人传授妥善、安全使用信息和通信技术必需的知识与技能；", "11. 着重指出，在危机时刻，青年人在劳动市场特别脆弱，并且为了满足青年在瞬息万变劳动市场的需要，认识到要促进充分就业、体面工作和创业，就需要投资于青年妇女和青年男子的教育、培训和技能发展，加强社会保护和医疗卫生系统，适用国际商定劳工标准，特别重视在非正规经济部门就业的青年人，逐步有效地消除童工现象；", "12. 确认青年就业和青年就业机会促进社会稳定、凝聚力和融合，各国可在这方面发挥重要作用，解决青年的需要，并注意到，《全球就业契约》为各国提出了建议和政策选择，并邀请捐助国、多边组织和其他利益攸关方支持各国努力增加青年就业；", "13. 敦促会员国解决女孩和青年妇女的处境，消除使针对女孩和青年妇女的歧视和男女定型角色观念根深蒂固且有碍社会发展的性别成见，为此重申致力于增强妇女权能和性别平等，将性别平等观点纳入所有发展工作的主流，认识到这些对于实现可持续发展至关重要，此外也极其有助于消除饥饿、贫穷和疾病，加强政策和方案以增加、确保及扩大青年妇女作为平等伙伴在政治、经济、社会和文化生活等所有领域的充分参与，并通过消除顽固存在的障碍，包括确保充分、生产性就业及体面工作的平等机会，以及增强妇女经济独立性，使妇女有更多机会获得所有必要资源，以充分行使其所有人权并享受所有基本自由；", "14. 认识到金融和经济危机对青年人生活质量和健康的持续影响，为此鼓励会员国在青年中促进卫生教育和卫生知识普及，包括为此在校内外实施循证教育和宣传战略与方案以及开展公共宣传，并使青年有更多机会获得负担得起、安全、有效的医疗保健服务，途径是，特别关注营养问题，包括进食障碍症和肥胖症，关注非传染病和传染病的影响、性保健和生殖保健以及旨在防止包括艾滋病毒和艾滋病在内的性传播疾病的措施，并提高这方面的认识；", "15. 敦促会员国加大行动力度，包括处理危机持续产生的社会影响，提高教育质量，促进普及教育，特别是使青年妇女、辍学青年、残疾青年、土著青年、农村地区青年、年轻移民以及感染艾滋病毒的青年和受艾滋病影响的青年能够不受任何歧视地获得受教育机会，确保他们能获得所需的知识、能力、技能和道德价值观，包括适当获得奖学金以及参与其他交流方案、得到非正规教育及技术和职业教育与培训，使他们能够作为促进发展的相关行为者进一步为社会作出贡献；", "16. 又敦促会员国根据国际法采取协调行动，消除各种障碍，使生活在外国占领下的青年人能够充分实现其权利，以促进实现千年发展目标；", "17. 还敦促会员国根据国际法采取有效措施，保护受恐怖主义和教唆影响或利用的青年人；", "18. 敦促会员国促进人人机会平等，打击对青年的一切形式的歧视行为，包括基于种族、肤色、性别、语言、宗教、政治见解或其他见解、民族本源或社会出身、财产、出生或其他地位的歧视行为，并促进残疾青年、移民青年和土著青年等社会团体与其他团体平等地实现社会融合；", "19. 鼓励会员国考虑在参加大会、经济及社会理事会及其各职司委员会和联合国相关会议所有相关讨论的代表团中酌情包括青年代表，同时考虑到性别均衡和不歧视的原则，并且除其他外，考虑设立一个国家青年代表方案，并强调指出，在挑选此类青年代表的过程中应该透明，以确保他们有适当任务授权来代表本国青年人；", "20. 吁请捐助方，包括会员国及政府间和非政府组织，为联合国青年基金积极捐款，以便利发展中国家的青年代表参与联合国的活动，同时考虑到需要扩大青年代表的地域平衡，此外也便于加快执行《世界青年行动纲领》并支持编写《世界青年报告》，为此请秘书长采取适当行动以鼓励向基金捐款；", "21. 再次请秘书长在秘书处经济和社会事务部现有资源范围内加强联合国青年方案，以应对该方案面临的不断增长的需求；", "22. 请联合国各实体通过青年发展机构间网络等途径，加强协调并加大努力，在青年发展问题上采用更连贯、更全面和更综合的方法，吁请联合国各实体和相关伙伴采取更多措施，支持国家、区域和国际各级努力应对阻碍青年发展的挑战，在此方面鼓励与会员国和民间社会特别是青年组织等其他相关利益攸关方密切协作。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] 见第65/312号决议。", "[2] 第63/303号决议，附件。", "[3] 第50/81号决议，附件；第62/126号决议，附件。", "[4] A/66/129。", "[5] A/66/61-E/2011/3。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/454 (Part II))]", "66/121. Policies and programmes involving youth", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling the World Programme of Action for Youth, adopted by the General Assembly in its resolutions 50/81 of 14 December 1995 and 62/126 of 18 December 2007,", "Recalling also the outcome document of the High‑level Meeting of the General Assembly on Youth: Dialogue and Mutual Understanding, adopted by the General Assembly on 26 July 2011,[1]", "Recalling further the Outcome of the Conference on the World Financial and Economic Crisis and Its Impact on Development,[2]", "Welcoming the initiative of the Government of Sri Lanka to host in 2014 a world conference on youth in Colombo, with a focus on the participation and involvement of youth in achieving the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals,", "Welcoming also the participation of young representatives in national delegations at the General Assembly,", "Profoundly concerned that the situation of youth, especially girls and young women, in many parts of the world has been negatively impacted by the world financial and economic crisis, and reaffirming that eradicating poverty continues to be among the greatest global challenges facing the world today, recognizing its impact beyond the socioeconomic context,", "Recognizing that the ways in which young people are able to address their aspirations and challenges and fulfil their potential will influence current social and economic conditions and the well‑being and livelihood of future generations, and stressing the need for further efforts to promote the interests of youth, including the full enjoyment of their human rights, inter alia, by supporting young people in developing their potential and talents and tackling obstacles facing youth,", "Recognizing also that the international community has been challenged by multiple and interrelated crises, including the ongoing impact of the financial and economic crisis, volatile energy and food prices and ongoing concerns over food security, as well as the increasing challenges posed by climate change and the loss of biodiversity, all of which have increased vulnerabilities and inequalities and have adversely affected development gains, in particular in developing countries, and calling for enhanced cooperation and concerted action to address those challenges, taking into account the positive role that education can play in that respect,", "1. Reaffirms the World Programme of Action for Youth,[3] including its fifteen interrelated priority areas, and calls upon Member States to continue its implementation at the local, national, regional and international levels;", "2. Takes note with appreciation of the report of the Secretary‑General entitled “International Year of Youth: Dialogue and Mutual Understanding”;[4]", "3. Also takes note with appreciation of the report of the Secretary‑General entitled “Implementation of the World Programme of Action for Youth: United Nations system coordination and collaboration related to youth”,[5] and welcomes the recent increased collaboration among the United Nations entities in the area of youth development;", "4. Expresses deep concern that the attainment of the social development objectives may be hindered by the multiple and interrelated crises, including the ongoing impact of the financial and economic crisis, volatile energy and food prices and ongoing concerns over food security, as well as the increasing challenges posed by climate change and the loss of biodiversity;", "5. Recognizes that young people in all countries are both a major human resource for development and key agents for social change, economic development and technological innovation, and affirms that investment in youth development and education is crucial for sustainable social and economic development;", "6. Reaffirms that the strengthening of international cooperation regarding youth, including through the fulfilment of all official development assistance commitments, the transfer of appropriate technology, capacity‑building, the enhancement of dialogue, mutual understanding and the active participation of young people are crucial elements of efforts towards achieving the eradication of poverty, full employment and social integration;", "7. Urges Member States to promote the full and effective participation of young people and youth‑led organizations in relevant decision‑making processes, including in developing, implementing and monitoring policies, programmes and activities at all times, especially in times of crisis;", "8. Also urges Member States to specifically address youth development in their economic and financial recovery measures by emphasizing youth employment and promoting entrepreneurship, volunteerism and the development of formal, informal and non‑formal educational and training systems in line with the needs of young people and their societies, and encourages all relevant stakeholders, including academia, the private sector, trade unions and financial institutions, to promote social responsibility and to develop partnerships in this regard;", "9. Calls upon Member States to promote the well‑being of young people, particularly the poor and the marginalized, through comprehensive policies and action plans and, in particular, to address poverty, employment and social integration as fundamental aspects of their national development agendas, and encourages the international community and the United Nations system to support Member States in this regard;", "10. Stresses the potential of information and communications technology to improve the quality of life of young people in order to enable them to better participate in the global economy, and in this regard calls upon Member States, with the support of the United Nations system, donors, the private sector and civil society, to ensure universal, non‑discriminatory, equitable, safe and affordable access to information and communications technology, especially in schools and public places, and to remove the barriers to bridging the digital divide, including through the transfer of technology on mutually agreed terms and international cooperation, as well as to promote the development of locally relevant content and implement measures to equip young people with the knowledge and skills to use information and communications technology appropriately and safely;", "11. Also stresses that young people are particularly vulnerable in the labour market in times of crisis, and, in order to meet the needs of youth in a rapidly changing labour market, recognizes that promoting full employment, decent work and entrepreneurship requires investing in education, training and skills development for young women and men, strengthening social protection and health systems, applying internationally agreed labour standards, paying special attention to young people employed in the informal economy and the progressive and effective elimination of child labour;", "12. Recognizes that youth employment and job opportunities for youth contribute to social stability, cohesion and inclusion and that States have an important role in addressing the demands of youth in this regard, notes that the Global Jobs Pact provides recommendations and policy options for States, and invites donor countries, multilateral organizations and other stakeholders to support national efforts aimed at enhancing employment for youth;", "13. Urges Member States to address the challenges of girls and young women, as well as gender stereotypes that perpetuate discrimination against girls and young women and stereotypic roles of men and women that are preclusive of social development, by reaffirming the commitment to the empowerment of women and gender equality, as well as to the mainstreaming of a gender perspective into all development efforts, recognizing that these are critical for achieving sustainable development and for efforts to combat hunger, poverty and disease, and to strengthen policies and programmes that improve, ensure and broaden the full participation of young women in all spheres of political, economic, social and cultural life, as equal partners, and to improve their access to all resources needed for the full exercise of all their human rights and fundamental freedoms by removing persistent barriers, including ensuring equal access to full and productive employment and decent work, as well as strengthening their economic independence;", "14. Recognizes the ongoing impact of the financial and economic crisis on the quality of life and health of young people, and in this regard encourages Member States to promote health education and health literacy among young people, including through evidence‑based education and information strategies and programmes in and out of schools and through public campaigns, as well as to increase the access of youth to affordable, safe and effective health care by paying special attention to, and raising awareness regarding, nutrition, including eating disorders and obesity, the effects of non‑communicable and communicable diseases and sexual and reproductive health, as well as measures to prevent sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV and AIDS;", "15. Urges Member States to increase efforts, including to address the ongoing social impact of the crises, to improve the quality of education and promote universal access to education, particularly for young women, out‑of‑school youth, youth with disabilities, indigenous youth, youth in rural areas, young migrants and youth living with HIV and affected by AIDS, without discrimination on any basis, to ensure that they can acquire the knowledge, capacities, skills and ethical values needed, including by appropriate access to scholarships and other mobility programmes, non‑formal education, and technical and vocational education and training, in order to further develop their contributions to societies as relevant actors to promote development;", "16. Also urges Member States to take concerted actions in conformity with international law to remove the obstacles to the full realization of the rights of young people living under foreign occupation to promote the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals;", "17. Further urges Member States to take effective measures in conformity with international law to protect young people affected or exploited by terrorism and incitement;", "18. Urges Member States to promote equal opportunities for all, to combat all forms of discrimination against young people, including that based on race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status, and to foster social integration for social groups such as young persons with disabilities, young migrants and indigenous youth on an equal basis with others;", "19. Encourages Member States to consider including youth representatives in their delegations at all relevant discussions in the General Assembly and the Economic and Social Council and its functional commissions and at relevant United Nations conferences, as appropriate, bearing in mind the principle of gender balance and non‑discrimination, and, inter alia, to consider establishing a national youth delegate programme, and emphasizes that such youth representatives should be selected through a transparent process which ensures that they have a suitable mandate to represent young people in their countries;", "20. Calls upon donors, including Member States and intergovernmental and non‑governmental organizations, to actively contribute to the United Nations Youth Fund in order to facilitate the participation of youth representatives from developing countries in the activities of the United Nations, taking into account the need for greater geographical balance of youth representation, as well as to accelerate the implementation of the World Programme of Action for Youth and to support the production of the World Youth Report, and in this regard requests the Secretary‑General to take appropriate action to encourage contributions to the Fund;", "21. Reiterates its request to the Secretary‑General to strengthen the United Nations Programme on Youth within the existing resources of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the Secretariat so as to meet the increasing demands on the Programme;", "22. Requests that the United Nations entities enhance their coordination and intensify efforts towards a more coherent, comprehensive and integrated approach to youth development through, inter alia, the Inter‑Agency Network on Youth Development, calls upon the United Nations entities and relevant partners to develop additional measures to support national, regional and international efforts in addressing challenges hindering youth development, and in this regard encourages close collaboration with Member States and other relevant stakeholders, including civil society, particularly youth‑led organizations.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  See resolution 65/312.", "[2]  Resolution 63/303, annex.", "[3]  Resolution 50/81, annex, and resolution 62/126, annex.", "[4]  A/66/129.", "[5]  A/66/61‑E/2011/3." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/454 (Part II)]", "66/121. Policies and programmes involving youth", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling the World Programme of Action for Youth, adopted by the General Assembly in its resolutions 50/81 of 14 December 1995 and 62/126 of 18 December 2007,", "Recalling also the outcome document of the high-level meeting of the General Assembly on “Youth: dialogue and mutual understanding”, adopted by the General Assembly on 26 July 2011,", "Recalling further the outcome of the Conference on the World Financial and Economic Crisis and Its Impact on Development,[2]", "Welcoming the initiative of the Government of Sri Lanka to host the World Youth Conference in Colombo in 2014 and to identify the central theme of the Conference as youth participation and participation in the achievement of the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals,", "Welcoming also the inclusion of youth representatives in delegations to the General Assembly,", "Deeply concerned that the situation of youth, in particular girls and young women, in many parts of the world has been negatively affected by the world financial and economic crisis, and reaffirming that eradicating poverty remains the greatest global challenge facing the world today, recognizing that its impact transcends socio-economic dimensions,", "Recognizing that young people ' s pursuit of their aspirations and challenges and ways to realize their potential will affect the current social and economic situation and the well-being and livelihood of future generations, and stressing the need to make further efforts to promote their interests, including the full enjoyment of their human rights, inter alia, by supporting young people in the realization of their potential and talents and overcoming the obstacles they face,", "Recognizing also that the international community has been confronted with multiple and interrelated crises, including the financial and economic crisis, the continuing impact of volatile energy and food prices and persistent food security concerns, as well as the increasing challenges posed by climate change and the loss of biodiversity, all of which exacerbate vulnerability and inequality and have a negative impact on development gains, in particular in developing countries, and calling for enhanced cooperation and coordinated action to address those challenges, taking into account the positive role that education can play in this regard,", "1. Reaffirms the World Programme of Action for Youth, including its fifteen interrelated priority areas, and calls upon Member States to continue to implement it at the local, national, regional and international levels;", "Takes note with appreciation of the report of the Secretary-General entitled “International Year of Youth: Dialogue and Mutual Understanding”;[4]", "Also takes note with appreciation of the report of the Secretary-General entitled “Implementation of the World Programme of Action for Youth: coordination and cooperation on youth work in the United Nations system”,[5] and welcomes the recent increased collaboration among United Nations entities in the area of youth development;", "4. Expresses deep concern that the achievement of social development goals may be hindered by the multiple and interrelated crises, including the ongoing impact of the financial and economic crisis, volatile energy and food prices and persistent concerns about food security, as well as the increasing challenges posed by climate change and the loss of biodiversity;", "5. Recognizes that youth in all countries are both important human resources for development and important agents of social change, economic development and technological innovation, and that investing in youth development and education is essential for sustainable socio-economic development;", "6. Reaffirms that the strengthening of international cooperation on youth, including through the fulfilment of all official development assistance commitments, the transfer of appropriate technology, capacity-building and the enhancement of dialogue, mutual understanding and active participation of young people, are key elements in achieving poverty eradication, full employment and social integration;", "7. Urges Member States to promote the full and effective participation of young people and youth organizations in relevant decision-making processes, including in the formulation, implementation and monitoring of policies, programmes and activities at all times, particularly in times of crisis;", "8. Also urges Member States to specifically address youth development in economic and financial recovery measures by focusing on youth employment, promoting entrepreneurship and volunteerism and developing formal, non-formal and informal education and training systems in accordance with the needs of young people and their societies, and encourages all relevant stakeholders, including academia, the private sector, trade unions and financial institutions, to promote social responsibility and to develop partnerships in this regard;", "9. Calls upon Member States to develop comprehensive policies and action plans to improve the well-being of young people, in particular those living in poverty and marginalized youth, in particular to address poverty, employment and social integration as important aspects of their national development agendas, and encourages the international community and the United Nations system to support Member States in this regard;", "10. Stresses the potential role of information and communications technologies in improving the quality of life of young people and contributing to their better participation in the global economy, and in this regard calls upon Member States, with the help of the United Nations system, donors, the private sector and civil society, to ensure universal access to information and communication technologies, in particular in schools and public places, in a non-discriminatory, equitable, safe and affordable manner, to remove obstacles to bridging the digital divide, including through technology transfer and international cooperation, to promote the development of local content and to take measures to teach young people the knowledge and skills necessary for the proper and safe use of information and communications technologies;", "11. Stresses that, in times of crisis, young people are particularly vulnerable in the labour market and in order to meet the needs of young people in a rapidly changing labour market, and recognizes that promoting full employment, decent work and entrepreneurship requires investing in the education, training and skills development of young women and young men, strengthening social protection and health systems, applying internationally agreed labour standards and giving special attention to young people working in the informal sector for the progressive and effective elimination of child labour;", "12. Recognizes that youth employment and employment opportunities for youth contribute to social stability, cohesion and integration and that States have an important role to play in addressing the needs of youth, notes that the Global Jobs Pact provides recommendations and policy options for countries, and invites donor countries, multilateral organizations and other stakeholders to support national efforts to increase youth employment;", "13. Urges Member States to address the situation of girls and young women and to eliminate gender stereotypes that perpetuate discrimination against girls and young women and stereotypical roles of women and men and that hinder social development, and in this regard reaffirms the commitment to the empowerment of women and gender equality and the mainstreaming of a gender perspective in all development efforts, recognizing that these are essential for achieving sustainable development and are also essential for eradicating hunger, poverty and disease, and to strengthen policies and programmes that increase, ensure and broaden the full participation of young women in all spheres of political, economic, social and cultural life, as equal partners, and to increase their access to all necessary resources for the full exercise of all their human rights and fundamental freedoms by removing persistent barriers, including ensuring equal opportunities for full and productive employment and decent work, as well as enhancing their economic independence;", "14. Recognizes the continuing impact of the financial and economic crisis on the quality of life and health of young people, and in this regard encourages Member States to promote health education and health literacy among young people, including through evidence-based education and awareness-raising strategies and programmes, both in and out of school, as well as public awareness, and to increase access to affordable, safe and effective health-care services for young people, by paying special attention to and raising awareness of nutrition, including eating disorders and obesity, the impact of non-communicable and communicable diseases, sexual and reproductive health care and measures to prevent sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV and AIDS;", "15. Urges Member States to intensify their efforts to promote education for all, in particular young women, out-of-school youth, youth with disabilities, indigenous youth, youth living in rural areas, young migrants and youth affected by HIV and AIDS, without discrimination of any kind, and to ensure that they have access to the knowledge, capabilities, skills and ethical values they need, including appropriate access to scholarships and other exchange programmes, non-formal education and technical and vocational education and training, so that they can further contribute to society as relevant actors in promoting development;", "16. Also urges Member States to take concerted action, in accordance with international law, to remove obstacles to the full realization of the rights of young people living under foreign occupation in order to contribute to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals;", "17. Further urges Member States to take effective measures, in accordance with international law, to protect young people affected or exploited by terrorism and incitement;", "18. Urges Member States to promote equal opportunities for all and to combat all forms of discrimination against youth, including on the basis of race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status, and to promote the social integration of social groups, such as youth with disabilities, young migrants and indigenous youth, on an equal basis with others;", "19. Encourages Member States to consider including youth representatives, as appropriate, in their delegations to all relevant discussions in the General Assembly, the Economic and Social Council and its functional commissions and relevant United Nations conferences, taking into account the principles of gender balance and non-discrimination, and to consider, inter alia, the establishment of a national youth representative programme, and stresses that the selection process of such youth representatives should be transparent in order to ensure that they have an appropriate mandate to represent young people in their countries;", "20. Calls upon donors, including Member States and intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, to contribute actively to the United Nations Youth Fund in order to facilitate the participation of youth representatives from developing countries in the activities of the United Nations, taking into account the need to broaden the geographical balance of youth representatives and to accelerate the implementation of the World Programme of Action for Youth and support the preparation of the World Youth Report, and in this regard requests the Secretary-General to take appropriate action to encourage contributions to the Fund;", "21. Reiterates its request to the Secretary-General to strengthen the United Nations Programme on Youth within the existing resources of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the Secretariat in order to respond to the growing demand for the Programme;", "22. Requests United Nations entities, including through the Inter-Agency Network on Youth Development, to strengthen their coordination and efforts to adopt a more coherent, comprehensive and integrated approach to youth development, calls upon United Nations entities and relevant partners to take additional measures to support national, regional and international efforts to address the challenges hindering youth development, and in this regard encourages close collaboration with Member States and other relevant stakeholders, such as civil society, in particular youth organizations.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "[1] See resolution 65/312.", "[2] Resolution 63/303, annex.", "[3] Resolution 50/81, annex; resolution 62/126, annex.", "[4] A/66/129.", "[5] A/66/61-E/2011/3." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/454(Part II))通过]", "66/122. 通过社会包容促进社会融合", "大会，", "回顾1995年3月6日至12日在哥本哈根举行的社会发展问题世界首脑会议和2000年6月26日至7月1日在日内瓦举行的题为“社会发展问题世界首脑会议及其后的发展：在全球化世界实现惠及所有人的社会发展”的大会第二十四届特别会议，", "又回顾2010年7月22日经济及社会理事会关于促进社会融合的第2010/12号决议，", "还回顾大会关于千年发展目标的高级别全体会议的成果文件，[1] 其中各国元首和政府首脑确认，促进综合性社会保障系统，根据本国优先事项和具体国情，普遍提供基本社会服务，以实现包括千年发展目标在内的国际商定发展目标，有着非常重大的意义，", "赞赏地注意到联合国儿童基金会2010年9月7日发表的题为《缩小差距以实现目标》的研究报告，该研究报告显示，以最贫困和最弱势儿童为焦点、公平对待儿童生存与发展的做法是切实有效的战略，可促进实现千年发展目标中的儿童健康目标，", "重申国际社会承诺落实人人享有工作、适当生活水准、必要社会服务和社会保障的普世权利，", "着重指出，必须促进持续、包容和公平的经济增长，以消除贫穷，并且应酌情辅以有效的社会保护政策，包括社会包容政策，", "确认处于弱势或边缘状况者也应享受到经济增长的实惠，", "又确认社会包容政策和制度在促进包容社会方面起着关键作用，而且也是促进形成稳定、安全、和谐、和平与公正的社会以及增强社会凝聚力和包容性以创造发展和进步所需环境的重大要素，", "重申企业承担社会责任和接受社会问责，在促成有利环境以促进经济增长和社会融合方面起着重要作用，", "认识到社会包容政策还可加强民主进程，", "强调社会包容政策应促进性别平等，增强妇女权能，让所有人特别是处于弱势或边缘状况者平等地获得机会和社会保护，", "确认处于弱势或边缘状况者的参与对于酌情制定和实施能有效实现社会融合的社会包容政策至关重要，", "确认包括非政府组织在内的民间社会通过实施社会方案和帮助制定社会包容政策等途径，在促进社会融合方面起着重要作用，", "强调必须创造有利的国际环境，特别是加强国际合作以支持每个国家通过社会包容努力促进社会融合，包括履行对官方发展援助、债务减免、市场准入、财政和技术支助及能力建设的所有承诺，", "表示关切在发生经济和金融危机以及人们持续担忧能源和粮食无保障之时，社会排斥现象可能加剧，在这方面，可持续和可靠的社会包容政策与方案可发挥积极作用，", "1. 强调各国对于实现社会融合和社会包容负有主要责任，应把建立“人人共享的社会”[2] 作为优先事项，这种社会应以尊重所有人权为基础，并遵循如下原则：保障人与人之间平等，普及基本社会服务以及促进社会每个成员特别是那些处于弱势或边缘状况者积极参与各方面生活，包括参与公民、社会、经济和政治活动，以及参与决策过程；", "2. 吁请各国促进更公平地参与实现及分享经济增长的惠益，为此除其他外实施确保包容性劳动力市场的政策和顺应社会诉求、特别注重就业的宏观经济政策，并且实施社会包容战略，以促进社会融合，确保根据各国具体国情，包括根据需求情况，为处于弱势或边缘状况者确定最低限度的社会保护，同时促进和保护他们的社会和经济权利；", "3. 鼓励各国酌情考虑在国家和地方两级建立国家机构或部门，以促进、实施和评估社会包容方案和机制；", "4. 又鼓励各国与联合国相关实体一道，继续监测实现相关千年发展目标特别是其指标方面的进展情况，因为实现这些目标和指标是确立和促进国家社会包容政策的一个基本要素；", "5. 邀请会员国并鼓励区域组织应要求为制定和执行妥善社会包容政策提供尤其是财政和技术方面的合作，支持各国、特别是发展中国家努力塑造包容社会；", "6. 鼓励会员国酌情与联合国发展系统相关组织、区域组织、国际和区域金融机构、发展和社会伙伴、私营部门和民间社会组织协作，将社会融合目标纳入社会包容政策主流，促进处于弱势或边缘状况者参与规划、执行和监测进程；", "7. 邀请各国、联合国发展系统相关组织、区域组织、国际和区域金融机构、发展和社会伙伴、私营部门和民间社会组织就妥善社会包容政策和最佳做法交流看法和信息；", "8. 请秘书长向大会第六十八届会议提交一份关于本决议执行情况的报告；", "9. 决定在第六十八届会议题为“社会发展”的项目下进一步审议这个问题。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] 见第65/1号决议。", "[2] 见《社会发展问题世界首脑会议的报告，1995年3月6日至12日，哥本哈根》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.96.IV.8)，第一章，决议1，附件二，第66段。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/454 (Part II))]", "66/122. Promoting social integration through social inclusion", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling the World Summit for Social Development, held at Copenhagen from 6 to 12 March 1995, and the twenty‑fourth special session of the General Assembly entitled “World Summit for Social Development and beyond: achieving social development for all in a globalizing world”, held at Geneva from 26 June to 1 July 2000,", "Recalling also Economic and Social Council resolution 2010/12 of 22 July 2010 on promoting social integration,", "Recalling further the outcome document of the High‑level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals,[1] in which Heads of State and Government acknowledged the significant importance of promoting comprehensive systems of social protection that provide universal access to essential social services, consistent with national priorities and circumstances, to meet internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals,", "Taking note with appreciation of the study by the United Nations Children’s Fund entitled Narrowing the Gaps to Meet the Goals, released on 7 September 2010, which shows that an equity‑focused approach to child survival and development, focusing on reaching the most deprived and vulnerable children, proves to be a practical and effective strategy for meeting the health Millennium Development Goals for children,", "Reaffirming the commitment of the international community to realizing the universal right to work, an adequate standard of living, necessary social services and social security,", "Stressing that the promotion of sustained, inclusive and equitable economic growth is necessary to achieve poverty eradication and should be complemented, as appropriate, by effective social protection policies, including social inclusion policies,", "Recognizing that the gains of economic growth should benefit also those who are in vulnerable or marginalized situations,", "Recognizing also that social inclusion policies and systems play a critical role in promoting an inclusive society, and are also crucial for fostering stable, safe, harmonious, peaceful and just societies and for improving social cohesion and inclusion so as to create an environment for development and progress,", "Reaffirming the important role of corporate social responsibility and accountability in contributing to an enabling environment to promote economic growth and social integration,", "Recognizing that social inclusion policies also strengthen the democratic process,", "Stressing that social inclusion policies should promote gender equality and the empowerment of women and equal access to opportunities and social protection for all, in particular for those who are in vulnerable or marginalized situations,", "Acknowledging that the participation of persons in vulnerable or marginalized situations is crucial to formulating and implementing social inclusion policies that effectively achieve social integration, as appropriate,", "Recognizing the important role played by civil society, including non‑governmental organizations, in promoting social integration, inter alia, through social programmes and support for the development of socially inclusive policies,", "Stressing the importance of an enabling international environment, in particular enhanced international cooperation to support national efforts towards promoting social integration through social inclusion in every country, including the fulfilment of all commitments on official development assistance, debt relief, market access, financial and technical support and capacity‑building,", "Expressing concern that, in times of economic and financial crisis and ongoing concern about energy and food insecurity, social exclusion can be exacerbated; in this regard sustainable and reliable social inclusion policies and programmes can play a positive role,", "1. Stresses that States, which bear the main responsibility for social integration and social inclusion, should prioritize the creation of a “society for all”[2] based on respect for all human rights and the principles of equality among individuals, the access to basic social services and the promotion of the active participation of every member of society, in particular those in vulnerable or marginalized situations, in all aspects of life, including civic, social, economic and political activities, as well as participation in decision‑making processes;", "2. Calls upon States to promote a more equitable participation in and access to economic growth gains through, inter alia, policies that ensure inclusive labour markets and by implementing socially responsive macroeconomic policies in which employment has a key role, and social inclusion strategies which promote social integration ensuring social protection floors for those who are in vulnerable or marginalized situations, as defined by each country in accordance with its individual circumstances, including on a demand‑driven basis, and the promotion and protection of their social and economic rights;", "3. Encourages States to consider, when appropriate, the creation of national institutions or agencies for promoting, implementing and evaluating social inclusion programmes and mechanisms at the national and local levels;", "4. Also encourages States, together with relevant United Nations entities, to continue monitoring progress towards the relevant Millennium Development Goals, in particular regarding their indicators, as their achievement is an essential element to shape and promote national policies for social inclusion;", "5. Invites Member States, and encourages regional organizations, to support national efforts to achieve inclusive societies, in particular in developing countries, upon their request, by providing, inter alia, financial and technical cooperation for the design and implementation of sound social inclusion policies;", "6. Encourages Member States to mainstream social integration objectives into social inclusion policies, promoting the participation of persons in vulnerable or marginalized situations in planning, implementing and monitoring processes, in collaboration, as appropriate, with relevant organizations of the United Nations development system, regional organizations, international and regional financial institutions, development and social partners, the private sector and civil society organizations;", "7. Invites States, relevant organizations of the United Nations development system, regional organizations, international and regional financial institutions, development and social partners, the private sector and civil society organizations to exchange views and share information on sound social inclusion policies and best practices;", "8. Requests the Secretary‑General to submit a report on the implementation of the present resolution to the General Assembly at its sixty‑eighth session;", "9. Decides to consider the question further at its sixty‑eighth session under the item entitled “Social development”.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  See resolution 65/1.", "[2]  See Report of the World Summit for Social Development, Copenhagen, 6–12 March 1995 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.96.IV.8), chap. I, resolution 1, annex II, para. 66." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/454 (Part II)]", "66/122. Promoting social integration through social inclusion", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling the World Summit for Social Development, held at Copenhagen from 6 to 12 March 1995, and the twenty-fourth special session of the General Assembly, entitled “World Summit for Social Development and beyond: achieving social development for all in a globalizing world”, held at Geneva from 26 June to 1 July 2000,", "Recalling also Economic and Social Council resolution 2010/12 of 22 July 2010 on promoting social integration,", "Recalling further the outcome document of the High-level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals, in which Heads of State and Government recognized the critical importance of promoting comprehensive social protection systems that provide universal access to basic social services in accordance with national priorities and circumstances for the achievement of the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals,", "Taking note with appreciation of the study by the United Nations Children ' s Fund entitled Closing the Gap to Achieve the Goals, issued on 7 September 2010, which shows that an equitable approach to child survival and development, with a focus on the poorest and most vulnerable children, is an effective strategy that contributes to the achievement of the child health goals of the Millennium Development Goals,", "Reaffirming the commitment of the international community to realize the universal right of everyone to work, to an adequate standard of living, to the necessary social services and to social security,", "Stressing the importance of promoting sustained, inclusive and equitable economic growth for poverty eradication, complemented, where appropriate, by effective social protection policies, including social inclusion policies,", "Recognizing that those in vulnerable or marginalized situations should also benefit from economic growth,", "Recognizing also that social inclusion policies and systems play a key role in promoting inclusive societies and are also essential for fostering stable, safe, harmonious, peaceful and just societies and for enhancing social cohesion and inclusiveness in order to create an environment for development and progress,", "Reaffirming that corporate social responsibility and social accountability play an important role in creating an enabling environment for economic growth and social integration,", "Recognizing that social inclusion policies also strengthen democratic processes,", "Emphasizing that social inclusion policies should promote gender equality and the empowerment of women and equal access to opportunities and social protection for all, especially for those in vulnerable or marginalized situations,", "Recognizing that the participation of people in vulnerable or marginalized situations is essential for the development and implementation, as appropriate, of social inclusion policies that effectively achieve social integration,", "Recognizing the important role of civil society, including non-governmental organizations, in promoting social integration, including through social programmes and support for social inclusion policies,", "Emphasizing the importance of an enabling international environment, in particular enhanced international cooperation, to support the efforts of each country to promote social integration through social inclusion, including the fulfilment of all commitments on official development assistance, debt relief, market access, financial and technical support and capacity-building,", "Expressing concern that social exclusion is likely to increase in times of economic and financial crisis and persistent concerns about energy and food insecurity, and that sustainable and reliable social inclusion policies and programmes can play a positive role in this regard,", "Stresses that States have the primary responsibility for achieving social integration and social inclusion and should give priority to the establishment of a “society for all”[2], based on respect for all human rights and guided by the principles of ensuring equality among human beings, universal access to basic social services and the promotion of the active participation of every member of society, in particular those in vulnerable or marginalized situations, in all aspects of life, including civil, social, economic and political activities, as well as in decision-making processes;", "2. Calls upon States to promote more equitable participation in the realization and sharing of the benefits of economic growth through, inter alia, policies that ensure inclusive labour markets and socially responsive macroeconomic policies, with a special focus on employment, and social inclusion strategies that promote social integration and ensure that social protection floors are established for people in vulnerable or marginalized situations, in accordance with their specific circumstances, including needs, while promoting and protecting their social and economic rights;", "3. Encourages States to consider, as appropriate, the establishment of national institutions or structures at the national and local levels to promote, implement and evaluate social inclusion programmes and mechanisms;", "4. Also encourages States, in conjunction with relevant United Nations entities, to continue to monitor progress towards the relevant Millennium Development Goals, in particular their targets, which are an essential element in establishing and promoting national policies for social inclusion;", "5. Invites Member States and encourages regional organizations, upon request, to support national efforts, in particular those of developing countries, to shape inclusive societies by providing, inter alia, financial and technical cooperation for the development and implementation of sound social inclusion policies;", "6. Encourages Member States, in collaboration with relevant organizations of the United Nations development system, regional organizations, international and regional financial institutions, development and social partners, the private sector and civil society organizations, as appropriate, to mainstream social integration goals into social inclusion policies and to promote the participation of people in vulnerable or marginalized situations in planning, implementation and monitoring processes;", "7. Invites States, relevant organizations of the United Nations development system, regional organizations, international and regional financial institutions, development and social partners, the private sector and civil society organizations to exchange views and information on appropriate social inclusion policies and best practices;", "8. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-eighth session a report on the implementation of the present resolution;", "Decides to consider the question further at its sixty-eighth session under the item entitled “Social development”.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "[1] See resolution 65/1.", "[2] See Report of the World Summit for Social Development, Copenhagen, 6-12 March 1995 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.96.IV.8), chap. I, resolution 1, annex II, para. 66." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/454(Part II))通过]", "66/123. 合作社在社会发展中的作用", "大会，", "回顾其关于合作社在社会发展中的作用的1992年12月16日第47/90号、1994年12月23日第49/155号、1996年12月12日第51/58号、1999年12月17日第54/123号、2001年12月19日第56/114号、2003年12月22日第58/131号、2005年12月16日第60/132号、2007年12月18日第62/128号、2009年12月18日第64/136号和2010年12月21日第65/184号决议，", "认识到各种形式的合作社均促进所有人，包括妇女、青年、老年人、残疾人和土著人民尽可能充分参与经济和社会发展，正在成为经济和社会发展的一个重要因素，有助于消除贫穷，", "又认识到所有形式的合作社对社会发展问题世界首脑会议、第四次妇女问题世界会议和第二次联合国人类住区会议(人居二)，包括这些会议的五年期审查，以及世界粮食首脑会议、第二次老龄问题世界大会、发展筹资问题国际会议、可持续发展问题世界首脑会议和2005年世界首脑会议的后续工作的重要贡献及其潜力，", "赞赏地注意到合作社的发展对于改善土著人民和农村社区社会经济条件的潜在作用，", "1. 注意到秘书长的报告；[1]", "2. 欢迎宣布2012年为国际合作社年并在2011年10月31日启动该国际年；", "3. 鼓励全体会员国以及联合国和所有其他相关的利益攸关方利用这个国际合作社年宣传合作社，提高人们对合作社为社会经济发展所作贡献的认识，并交流国际年期间开展活动的良好做法；", "4. 邀请各国政府和国际组织与合作社及合作社组织合作，考虑制定一个路线图或行动计划，在国际合作社年之后继续推广合作社，以促进可持续社会经济发展，并且将路线图或行动计划提交大会第六十七届会议，以期确保有侧重点、有实效地后续跟进国际合作社年的活动；", "5. 提请各国政府注意秘书长报告中的建议，即在城市和农村地区各个经济部门重点支持合作社，视之为直接有助于创造就业机会、减少贫困和提供社会保护的可持续、成功的工商企业；", "6. 鼓励各国政府酌情随时审查关于合作社活动的法律和行政规定，以期通过为合作社提供与其他工商企业和社会企业平等的竞争环境等措施，包括制定适当的税率奖励以及提供获得金融服务和市场准入的机会，在快速变化的社会经济环境中加强合作社的发展和可持续性；", "7. 敦促各国政府、相关国际组织和专门机构与各国国内和国际合作社组织合作，适当考虑到合作社在执行及后续落实社会发展问题世界首脑会议、第四次妇女问题世界会议和第二次联合国人类住区会议(人居二)，包括这些会议的五年期审查，以及世界粮食首脑会议、第二次老龄问题世界大会、发展筹资问题国际会议、可持续发展问题世界首脑会议和2005年世界首脑会议的成果方面所起的作用和所作的贡献，尤应：", "(a) 充分利用和发挥合作社的潜力和贡献以实现社会发展目标，特别是消除贫穷、创造充分和生产性就业及加强社会融合；", "(b) 鼓励并促进成立和发展合作社，包括采取措施使生活贫困者或属于弱势群体者，包括妇女、青年、残疾人、老年人和土著人民，能够在自愿基础上充分参与合作社，并解决他们在社会服务方面的需要；", "(c) 采取适当措施，为合作社的发展创造一个有利和扶持的环境，途径包括通过联合协商理事会和(或)咨询机构来发展政府与合作社运动之间的有效伙伴关系，促进和实施更好的立法、研究、良好做法交流、培训、技术援助及合作社能力建设，特别是在管理、审计和营销技能领域；", "(d) 提高公众对合作社在创造就业和促进社会经济发展方面所作贡献的认识，在国家和国际两级推动关于合作社活动及其对就业和总体社会经济的影响的全面研究和统计数据收集，并通过统一统计方法来促进制订健全的国家政策；", "8. 邀请各国政府与合作社运动协作，制定各种方案，通过提高合作社成员的组织、管理和财务技能，加强合作社的能力建设，同时尊重性别平等和增强妇女权能的原则，并引入和支持相关方案以改善合作社获取新技术的机会；", "9. 邀请各国政府和国际组织与合作社和合作社组织协作，酌情通过提供便捷且负担得起的融资、采用可持续生产技术、投资于农村基础设施和灌溉系统、加强营销机制以及支持妇女参与经济活动等方式，促进农业合作社的发展；", "10. 又邀请各国政府和国际组织与合作社和合作社组织协作，酌情通过普及便捷且负担得起的金融服务，推动金融合作社的发展，以实现普惠金融服务目标；", "11. 鼓励各国政府与所有利益攸关方合作，加紧努力，扩大提供和方便获取关于合作社运作和贡献的研究成果，并制定方法以收集和传播关于合作社企业的可比全球数据及合作社企业的良好做法；", "12. 邀请各国政府、相关国际组织、专门机构及地方、国家和国际合作社组织按照大会第47/90号决议的公告，继续在每年7月的第一个星期六举办国际合作社日活动；", "13. 请秘书长与相关联合国组织和其他国际组织以及国家、区域和国际合作社组织合作，继续酌情支持会员国努力创造一个有利于合作社发展的环境，协助人力资源开发、技术咨询和培训，并通过国家和区域一级的各种会议、讲习班和研讨会，促进交流经验和最佳做法；", "14. 又请秘书长向大会第六十八届会议提交报告，说明本决议执行情况，包括概述国际合作社年期间开展的活动。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] A/66/136。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/454 (Part II))]", "66/123. Cooperatives in social development", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 47/90 of 16 December 1992, 49/155 of 23 December 1994, 51/58 of 12 December 1996, 54/123 of 17 December 1999, 56/114 of 19 December 2001, 58/131 of 22 December 2003, 60/132 of 16 December 2005, 62/128 of 18 December 2007, 64/136 of 18 December 2009 and 65/184 of 21 December 2010 concerning cooperatives in social development,", "Recognizing that cooperatives, in their various forms, promote the fullest possible participation in the economic and social development of all people, including women, youth, older persons, persons with disabilities and indigenous peoples, are becoming a significant factor of economic and social development and contribute to the eradication of poverty,", "Recognizing also the important contribution and potential of all forms of cooperatives to the follow‑up to the World Summit for Social Development, the Fourth World Conference on Women and the second United Nations Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat II), including their five‑year reviews, the World Food Summit, the Second World Assembly on Ageing, the International Conference on Financing for Development, the World Summit on Sustainable Development and the 2005 World Summit,", "Noting with appreciation the potential role of cooperative development in the improvement of the social and economic conditions of indigenous peoples and rural communities,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary‑General;[1]", "2. Welcomes the proclamation of the year 2012 as the International Year of Cooperatives and the launch of the Year on 31 October 2011;", "3. Encourages all Member States, as well as the United Nations and all other relevant stakeholders, to take advantage of the International Year of Cooperatives as a way of promoting cooperatives and raising awareness of their contribution to social and economic development and to share good practices on the implementation of the activities carried out during the Year;", "4. Invites Governments and international organizations, in partnership with cooperatives and cooperative organizations, to consider developing a road map or plan of action for the promotion of cooperatives for sustainable socioeconomic development beyond the International Year of Cooperatives and to submit it to the General Assembly at its sixty‑seventh session so as to ensure a focused and effective follow‑up to the activities of the Year;", "5. Draws the attention of Governments to the recommendation contained in the report of the Secretary‑General to focus support on cooperatives as sustainable and successful business enterprises that contribute directly to employment generation, poverty reduction and social protection, across a variety of economic sectors in urban and rural areas;", "6. Encourages Governments to keep under review, as appropriate, the legal and administrative provisions governing the activities of cooperatives in order to enhance the growth and sustainability of cooperatives in a rapidly changing socioeconomic environment by, inter alia, providing a level playing field for cooperatives vis‑à‑vis other business and social enterprises, including appropriate tax incentives and access to financial services and markets;", "7. Urges Governments, relevant international organizations and the specialized agencies, in collaboration with national and international cooperative organizations, to give due consideration to the role and contribution of cooperatives in the implementation of and follow‑up to the outcomes of the World Summit for Social Development, the Fourth World Conference on Women and the second United Nations Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat II), including their five‑year reviews, the World Food Summit, the Second World Assembly on Ageing, the International Conference on Financing for Development, the World Summit on Sustainable Development and the 2005 World Summit by, inter alia:", "(a) Utilizing and developing fully the potential and contribution of cooperatives for the attainment of social development goals, in particular the eradication of poverty, the generation of full and productive employment and the enhancement of social integration;", "(b) Encouraging and facilitating the establishment and development of cooperatives, including taking measures aimed at enabling people living in poverty or belonging to vulnerable groups, including women, youth, persons with disabilities, older persons and indigenous peoples, to fully participate, on a voluntary basis, in cooperatives and to address their social service needs;", "(c) Taking appropriate measures aimed at creating a supportive and enabling environment for the development of cooperatives by, inter alia, developing an effective partnership between Governments and the cooperative movement through joint consultative councils and/or advisory bodies and by promoting and implementing better legislation, research, sharing of good practices, training, technical assistance and capacity‑building of cooperatives, especially in the fields of management, auditing and marketing skills;", "(d) Raising public awareness of the contribution of cooperatives to employment generation and to socioeconomic development, promoting comprehensive research and statistical data‑gathering on the activities, employment and overall socioeconomic impact of cooperatives at the national and international levels and promoting sound national policy formulation by harmonizing statistical methodologies;", "8. Invites Governments, in collaboration with the cooperative movement, to develop programmes aimed at enhancing capacity‑building of cooperatives, including by strengthening the organizational, management and financial skills of their members, while respecting the principles of gender equality and the empowerment of women, and to introduce and support programmes to improve the access of cooperatives to new technologies;", "9. Invites Governments and international organizations, in collaboration with cooperatives and cooperative organizations, to promote, as appropriate, the growth of agricultural cooperatives through easy access to affordable finance, adoption of sustainable production techniques, investments in rural infrastructure and irrigation, strengthened marketing mechanisms and support for the participation of women in economic activities;", "10. Also invites Governments and international organizations, in collaboration with cooperatives and cooperative organizations, to promote, as appropriate, the growth of financial cooperatives to meet the goal of inclusive finance by providing easy access to affordable financial services for all;", "11. Encourages Governments to intensify and expand the availability and accessibility of research on the operations and contribution of cooperatives and to establish methodologies for the collection and dissemination of comparable global data on and the good practices of cooperative enterprises, in collaboration with all stakeholders;", "12. Invites Governments, relevant international organizations, the specialized agencies and local, national and international cooperative organizations to continue to observe the International Day of Cooperatives annually, on the first Saturday of July, as proclaimed by the General Assembly in its resolution 47/90;", "13. Requests the Secretary‑General, in cooperation with the relevant United Nations and other international organizations and national, regional and international cooperative organizations, to continue rendering support to Member States, as appropriate, in their efforts to create a supportive environment for the development of cooperatives, providing assistance for human resources development, technical advice and training and promoting an exchange of experience and best practices through, inter alia, conferences, workshops and seminars at the national and regional levels;", "14. Also requests the Secretary‑General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty‑eighth session a report on the implementation of the present resolution, including an overview of the activities that have been implemented during the International Year of Cooperatives.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  A/66/136." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/454 (Part II)]", "66/123. Cooperatives in social development", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 47/90 of 16 December 1992, 49/155 of 23 December 1994, 51/58 of 12 December 1996, 54/123 of 17 December 1999, 56/114 of 19 December 2001, 58/131 of 22 December 2003, 60/132 of 16 December 2005, 62/128 of 18 December 2007, 64/136 of 18 December 2009 and 65/184 of 21 December 2010 on cooperatives in social development,", "Recognizing that cooperatives, in their various forms, promote the fullest possible participation in the economic and social development of all people, including women, youth, older persons, persons with disabilities and indigenous people, are becoming an important factor of economic and social development and contribute to the eradication of poverty,", "Recognizing also the important contribution and potential of all forms of cooperatives to the follow-up to the World Summit for Social Development, the Fourth World Conference on Women and the second United Nations Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat II), including their five-year reviews, as well as the World Food Summit, the Second World Assembly on Ageing, the International Conference on Financing for Development, the World Summit on Sustainable Development and the 2005 World Summit,", "Noting with appreciation the potential role of the development of cooperatives in improving the socio-economic conditions of indigenous peoples and rural communities,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General; [1]", "2. Welcomes the proclamation of 2012 as the International Year of Cooperatives and its launch on 31 October 2011;", "3. Encourages all Member States, the United Nations and all other relevant stakeholders to use the International Year of Cooperatives to promote cooperatives, raise awareness of their contribution to socio-economic development and share good practices in the activities carried out during the Year;", "4. Invites Governments and international organizations, in cooperation with cooperatives and cooperative organizations, to consider developing a road map or plan of action to continue the promotion of cooperatives beyond the International Year of Cooperatives in order to promote sustainable socio-economic development and to submit the road map or plan of action to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session with a view to ensuring a focused and effective follow-up to the activities of the Year;", "5. Draws the attention of Governments to the recommendation in the report of the Secretary-General to focus on supporting cooperatives in all economic sectors in urban and rural areas as sustainable and successful business enterprises that contribute directly to job creation, poverty reduction and social protection;", "6. Encourages Governments to keep under review, as appropriate, the legal and administrative provisions governing the activities of cooperatives, with a view to enhancing the development and sustainability of cooperatives in a rapidly changing socio-economic environment, inter alia, by providing them with a level playing field with other business and social enterprises, including appropriate tax incentives and access to financial services and markets;", "Urges Governments, relevant international organizations and the specialized agencies, in cooperation with national and international cooperative organizations, to take duly into account the role and contribution of cooperatives in the implementation of and follow-up to the outcomes of the World Summit for Social Development, the Fourth World Conference on Women and the second United Nations Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat II), including their five-year reviews, as well as the World Food Summit, the Second World Assembly on Ageing, the International Conference on Financing for Development, the World Summit on Sustainable Development and the 2005 World Summit, by, inter alia:", "(a) Utilizing and developing fully the potential and contribution of cooperatives for the achievement of social development goals, in particular poverty eradication, the generation of full and productive employment and the enhancement of social integration;", "(b) To encourage and facilitate the establishment and development of cooperatives, including measures to enable persons living in poverty or belonging to vulnerable groups, including women, youth, persons with disabilities, older persons and indigenous peoples, to participate fully in cooperatives on a voluntary basis and to address their social service needs;", "(c) To take appropriate measures to create an enabling and enabling environment for the development of cooperatives by developing effective partnerships between Governments and the cooperative movement, including through joint consultative councils and/or advisory bodies, and by promoting and implementing better legislation, research, exchange of good practices, training, technical assistance and cooperative capacity-building, particularly in the areas of management, auditing and marketing skills;", "(d) Raising public awareness of the contribution of cooperatives to job creation and socio-economic development, promoting comprehensive research and statistical data collection at the national and international levels on cooperative activities and their impact on employment and overall socio-economic development, and promoting sound national policy development through the harmonization of statistical methods;", "8. Invites Governments, in collaboration with the cooperative movement, to develop programmes to strengthen the capacity-building of cooperatives by improving the organizational, managerial and financial skills of their members, while respecting the principles of gender equality and the empowerment of women, and to introduce and support programmes to improve access by cooperatives to new technologies;", "9. Invites Governments and international organizations, in collaboration with cooperatives and cooperative organizations, to promote the development of agricultural cooperatives, as appropriate, by providing accessible and affordable financing, adopting sustainable production technologies, investing in rural infrastructure and irrigation systems, strengthening marketing mechanisms and supporting the participation of women in economic activities;", "Also invites Governments and international organizations, in collaboration with cooperatives and cooperative organizations, to promote the development of financial cooperatives through universal access to affordable financial services, as appropriate, in order to achieve the goal of inclusive financial services;", "11. Encourages Governments, in cooperation with all stakeholders, to intensify efforts to expand the availability and accessibility of research on the functioning and contribution of cooperatives and to develop methodologies for the collection and dissemination of comparable global data on cooperative enterprises and good practices of cooperative enterprises;", "12. Invites Governments, relevant international organizations, specialized agencies and local, national and international cooperative organizations to continue to observe the International Day of Cooperatives on the first Saturday of each year, in July, as proclaimed by the General Assembly in its resolution 47/90;", "13. Requests the Secretary-General, in cooperation with relevant United Nations and other international organizations and national, regional and international cooperative organizations, to continue to support, as appropriate, the efforts of Member States to create an enabling environment for the development of cooperatives, to assist in human resources development, technical advice and training and to promote the exchange of experiences and best practices through conferences, workshops and seminars at the national and regional levels;", "14. Also requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-eighth session a report on the implementation of the present resolution, including an overview of the activities undertaken during the International Year of Cooperatives.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "[1] A/66/136." ]

[ "2006年11月7日至17日，日内瓦", "第2次会议简要记录[1]", "2006年11月7日星期二下午3时 在日内瓦万国宫举行", "主 席：里瓦索先生(法国)", "目 录", "一般性意见交换(续)", "审议和通过最后文件", "下午3时10分会议开始", "一般性意见交换(续)", "1. 贝莱斯·贝内代蒂先生(哥伦比亚)说，《公约》是一项宝贵的文书，有助于促进和保护国际人道主义法。哥伦比亚鼓励团结与国际合作，以对付诸如地雷、诱杀装置和其他临时爆炸装置等常规武器造成的损害。他支持联合国秘书长前一天关于此种武器对儿童、未来世代、流离失所者和战后重建长期影响的评论。因此，普遍加入《公约》是一个优先事项。", "2. 会议应当侧重于落实各项政策，禁止向非国家行为者转让此种武器。同样必须通过一些文书，落实国际人道主义法现有原则，改进某些武器的设计，包括非杀伤人员地雷和子弹药。采取措施减少战争遗留爆炸物人道主义风险的措施是另一个优先事项。", "3. 第三次审查会议应当被用来找出缔约国能够达成一致的领域，并承认不可能达成协商一致意见的领域。这样可使缔约国就一些问题采取有效措施，而将更有争议的问题留待以后解决，从而节省时间和其他资源。", "4. 他呼吁缔约国通过关于在《公约》之下设立一个赞助方案的决定草案，并采取必要步骤落实该方案。该方案的主要目标应当是使那些受非法使用《公约》所涉武器影响的国家能够参加专家会议，通过他们的经验了解会议的工作。这将提供一个比目前标准更广泛、更具包容性的参与的基础，即要求赞助国家明确的经济发展水平。该方案的指导委员会应当接受来自受影响国家以及捐助国的投入。", "5. 贝莱万·塔马约先生(秘鲁)赞扬最近促进普遍加入《特定常规武器公约》的主动行动。他敦促所有缔约国更多地参加《特定常规武器公约》会议，以提高国际社会对《公约》及其议定书所涉问题的意识。赞助方案有助于此，赞助方案鼓励发展中国家与会。他认为，为方案提议的机制应当是捐助国在《渥太华公约》之下成功实施的机制。", "6. 缔约国更大的代表性还将便利更广泛地遵守《公约》及其议定书。秘鲁支持努力设立一个适当的机制，涵盖《公约》及其所有各项议定书，这将明显改善现有制度。", "7. 会议应当侧重于采取措施，减少非杀伤人员地雷对平民人口的影响，改善排雷人员在敌对行动期间和之后的工作条件。在这方面，地雷可探测性和寿命周期问题特别相关。关于战争遗留爆炸物的分三步走的办法应当用于未来的工作，麦科马克报告有助于找出办法，减少此种遗留物的人道主义影响。秘鲁欢迎第五号议定书即将生效，并计划在不久的将来予以批准。", "8. 特科特先生(加拿大)向批准了第五号议定书的缔约国表示祝贺，并呼吁这些国家确保有手段、机制和程序履行其义务。加拿大分析了其履行此种义务的能力，希望政府在不久的将来批准该议定书。", "9. 缔约国在非杀伤人员地雷问题上陷入僵局。这一问题可追溯到1996年第一次审查会议，现在应就这一问题作出决定了。加拿大提议立即着手谈判一项新的有法律约束力的议定书，合理限制此种地雷的有效寿命，并确保其可用现有普通手段探测。此种地雷所造成的人道主义风险的减少将超过其在军事用途方面的任何减少。", "10. 加拿大欢迎设立一个政府专家小组的提议，研究可行的防范措施，改进军用激光系统的设计，避免对未用增视器材状态下的视觉器官造成永久失明。", "11. 关于战争遗留爆炸物问题，加拿大相信，如果得到正确适用和充分尊重，国际人道主义法可为平民提供充分保护。合乎逻辑的下一个步骤是审查具体的武器系统。加拿大注意到关于谈判一项有法律约束力的文书的提议，以减轻集束弹药的不利的人道主义影响；以及关于战争遗留爆炸物问题工作组继续努力审查有关办法的提议，改进弹药、包括子弹药的设计，以最大限度地减少其造成的人道主义风险。现有和未来的提议可在《特定常规武器公约》框架内讨论，加拿大欢迎有机会就集束弹药和其他此类武器开展建设性的讨论。", "12. 尽管最近一些事态发展详细表明了《特定常规武器公约》的重要性，但也有必要加快工作的速度，以便在全世界保护人们的生命和生计，实现《公约》的承诺。", "13. 巴列·丰罗赫先生(阿根廷)说，会议应当通过一项广泛的关于非杀伤人员地雷的谈判任务授权，要反映过去四年表示的各种意见。授权应当有助于拟订关于此种武器生产和转让的规范性文书，以最大限度地减少不负责任地使用此种武器对平民人口造成的风险。文书中应包括合作与援助，以便利资源有限的国家加入。", "14. 由于国际人道主义法载有关于使用可能造成战争遗留爆炸物的武器的充分规定，未来的辩论应当侧重于预防措施。此种措施应努力提高此种弹药整个寿命周期的可靠性，包括发展、生产、储存和使用。这方面的合作和技术援助将便利采取预防措施，可抵消发展和执行方面增加的费用，同时避免损害合法的防卫要求这一风险。", "15. 阿根廷支持谈判一项有法律约束力的文书、处理集束弹药引起的人道主义关注问题的提议，并感谢红十字国际委员会在这一领域的工作。", "16. 阿根廷政府还支持通过一项与《公约》有关协定的方式，为《公约》及其议定书设立一个遵约机制的想法。缔约国在每届会议之前向秘书长提交报告的要求将改善现有制度。", "17. 阿根廷还赞同促进普遍加入《特定常规武器公约》的行动计划。阿根廷是第五号议定书的签署国，目前正在考虑批准问题。关于行动计划第10 (二)点，阿根廷和红十字委员会2006年8月在布宜诺斯艾利斯举办了一个国际人道主义法有关武器问题的研讨会。赞助方案将帮助促进普遍加入《特定常规武器公约》，并鼓励缔约国与会。", "18. 缔约国应努力确保会议在先前各次会议所取得进展基础上更进一步。缔约国还应当保持灵活性，以努力在加强国际人道主义法与合法防卫要求之间求得平衡。", "19. 达罗沙·帕拉尼奥斯先生(巴西)说，缔约国应当借此机会重申致力于普遍加入和充分执行《公约》，并为将来加强《公约》奠定基础。在这方面，他欢迎第五号议定书即将生效，巴西政府不久将予以批准。该文书为处理战争遗留爆炸物问题提供了一个有效的法律框架，规定了各种预防和补救措施。尽管应当留出时间，评估新议定书的效力，但应当就防止弹药成为战争遗留爆炸物的各种措施开展技术讨论，重点在于国际合作和技术交流。因此，巴西支持延长政府专家小组的任务授权，以讨论此类问题。", "20. 作为非杀伤人员地雷问题政府专家小组2006年的协调员，他相信，他就此类地雷提出的修订条款将为会议这一领域的工作提供一个良好的基础。鉴于在这一问题上历来有各种不同的意见，需要对话和灵活性，才能取得成果。", "21. 他支持发展和采用一种非侵扰性的机制，促进遵守《公约》及其议定书。此种机制应当基于磋商、合作和澄清的原则。只有缔约国能够就澄清源于《公约》及其议定书的义务问题作出决定。此种决定应当在有助于适当代表性和正式决策的框架内作出。", "22. 美根先生(日本)说，尽管自第二次审查会议以来取得了许多具体结果，但本届会议仍应审查以成本效率更高的方式举行政府专家小组会议的办法。", "23. 在起草一项议定书，规范非杀伤人员地雷方面，已经做了很多筹备工作，这项议定书从人道主义和安全的角度来看都是很有意义的。但是，缔约国不应当忘记，议定书的目的是减少此种地雷的人道主义影响。因此，新的议定书应当加强、而不是削弱经修正后的第二号议定书。可探测性和有效寿命方面的义务对该议定书极其重要，应当对所有缔约国平等适用。", "24. 除了第五号议定书之外，通过讨论取得了一些进展，讨论加深了对适用于战争遗留爆炸物的国际人道主义法原则的理解。正在就弹药的技术预防措施开展实质性讨论，麦科马克报告为将来的工作提供了一个实际的基础。尽管缔约国尚未就集束弹药问题达成协商一致意见，但仍在继续努力，以平衡人道主义和安全关注。", "25. 日本敦促所有缔约国，在一项促进遵守《公约》及其议定书的普遍适用的机制方面，表现出妥协与合作的意愿。日本强调促进稳步实施和普遍加入《公约》的重要性，《公约》的好处在于其有能力随着国际社会问题的变化而作出反应。", "26. 别拉绍夫先生(乌克兰)赞同以欧盟名义所作的发言。乌克兰历来致力于完全遵守《公约》及其所有各项议定书，并强调必须提高其效力，以利于作战人员和平民。他希望，通过全球和区域裁军和军备控制的努力，有关文书将进一步加强。", "27. 他认为，非杀伤人员地雷问题是最重要的人道主义关注问题，他支持通过一项有法律约束力的文书，限制使用和转让此种武器。该文书应当列入关于双边、区域和国际合作与援助的规定，旨在便利缔约国的执行。", "28. 他呼吁各国促进普遍加入关于战争遗留爆炸物的第五号议定书，该议定书即将生效。第五号议定书将有助于加强国际人道主义法，有助于努力克复战争遗留爆炸物的不利影响。乌克兰欢迎政府专家小组2007年继续就这一问题开展工作。", "29. 《公约》及其议定书仍然是一个实用的机制，用于减少常规军事活动对平民人口的风险，乌克兰政府会受益于一个界定明确、透明的遵约机制。乌克兰支持限制使用对平民和作战人员造成痛苦的武器的所有努力，为此，乌克兰已经采取了一系列广泛的措施，并决心支持在这一领域的新的主动行动。", "30. 马纳洛先生(菲律宾)说，《公约》是国际人道主义法主要文书之一，应当得到加强和普遍加入。在这方面，他赞扬促进普遍加入《特定常规武器公约》的行动计划。", "31. 他表示希望，在遵约机制问题上能够取得重大进展，他欢迎设立一个自愿赞助方案，旨在提高对《公约》及其议定书的意识。", "32. 鉴于非杀伤人员地雷引起的人道主义问题，菲律宾支持采取措施，限制和规范其使用。菲律宾也同样担心，集束弹药对平民人口造成严重威胁，赞同关于限制和规范其使用的呼吁。应当作出技术努力，重新设计此种武器，以减少其成为战争遗留爆炸物的风险。考虑到第五号议定书即将生效，菲律宾正在研究批准该议定书问题。", "33. 伊茨哈基先生(以色列)说，从一开始，《公约》就是更为重要的框架之一，即争取在人道主义关注与合法的军事和安全考虑之间求得平衡。有军事专家和人道主义组织参加的关于执行《特定常规武器公约》及其议定书问题的讨论有效地帮助了减少人的痛苦。", "34. 《公约》提高了人们对不负责任和不加区分地使用特定常规武器的影响的意识，为便利各国之间的谈判提供了共同点，同时确保合法的安全考虑不受损害。然而，并非所有国家都已批准《特定常规武器公约》，这一事实导致了各国法律义务方面的不一致，突出表明需要普遍批准。", "35. 多年来，以色列政府能够建设性地参与《特定常规武器公约》进程，并对其发展作出贡献。以色列将继续采取这种办法，以色列坚信，十分重要的是，要加强《特定常规武器公约》的进程，而不是在《公约》框架之外另搞一个平行的进程。", "36. 平民伤亡的人数越来越多，需要国际社会特别加以重视。尽管在国家安全和国防方面，常规武器有一些合法的目标，但若为恐怖主义分子所用，这些武器显然具有破坏稳定的战略和人道主义方面的影响。他强调，必须将这一问题作为一个优先事项来处理，要考虑到对国际和平与安全构成的真正危险。", "37. 尽管设法保护其公民的各国努力实行所需的克制，以减少人的痛苦，但恐怖主义分子却不遵守国际人道主义法的任何界限或基本原则。最近在黎巴嫩南部与真主党的冲突就表明了这一点：他们将平民用作人体盾牌，将平民设施用作实施攻击的发射场。国际社会如何能够加强其对向流氓集团转让武器的控制呢？这一威胁超出了任何单一地区的界限，《特定常规武器公约》框架内未来的行动应当以此为重点，而不是增加一些可为恐怖主义分子提供更多豁免的规定。", "38. 必须在《特定常规武器公约》过去所获成功的基础上更进一步，特别是提供有意义的的法律框架，处理战争遗留爆炸物问题。以色列欢迎第五号议定书生效，该议定书为进一步讨论有关预防措施以及确保弹药安全性和可靠性的措施提供了一个良好的基础，以减少战争遗留爆炸物的风险。以色列政府为参与五年的讨论感到自豪，以得出一份平衡的关于使用非杀伤人员地雷的文书，其方式能够真正减少人的痛苦，并有助于在冲突后情况下迅速清除地雷。", "39. 经修正后的第二号议定书商定的遵约机制也可适用于整个《公约》，因其降低了滥用人道主义关切来推进一个不同的政治议程的可能性。避免此种滥用的需求指导了会议对就此问题提交的决定草案的审议工作。", "40. 费尔南德斯·帕拉西奥斯先生(古巴)说，在国际关系中，越来越需要以严格遵守国际法原则和《联合国宪章》为基础，维护多边主义。", "41. 现在全世界的军事开支达到1万亿美元，而全世界却有10亿文盲，有9亿人在挨饿。仅用目前军事开支的10%即足以实现千年发展目标。然而，这需要有政治意愿，将资源用于解决发展不足问题，由于缩小最富和最穷国家之间的差距。", "42. 过去47年来，古巴人民一直生活在被围困的状况之中，受到美国军事侵略的威胁。2006年7月，美国政府宣布了一些新的措施，这些措施与一个新的面向兼并的计划相关，企图摧毁古巴革命。该计划附有一些“秘密”措施，暗示着攻击和使用武力的进一步的计划。此外还加上针对古巴的经济战，从而阻碍古巴获得发展所需的必要资源和先进技术。", "43. 因此，古巴政府特别重视国家安全，认为，一面鼓吹限制使用非杀伤人员地雷、一面又在制造日益复杂的常规武器的某些国家缺乏信誉。", "44. 在整个关于杀伤人员地雷的讨论中，古巴历来持建设性的态度，甚至还向政府专家小组第十二届会议提交了一项提议，以争取转变讨论的重点，使发展中国家的意见得到考虑。他满意地注意到，其他国家也提交了提议。", "45. 他欢迎将技术问题作为建议提出。然而，提出的有些提议也许只能由那些具有相当高技术发展水平和充分经济和军事实力的国家――与古巴这样的发展中国家相对――执行。", "46. 与执行《公约》及其议定书相关的任何决定均应在业已设立的机制范围之内，应具有充分的灵活性，顾及所有各方的关注。", "47. 古巴相信，将“最佳做法”作为有法律约束力的措施，可能在适用国际规则、禁止或限制其他武器方面树立负面的先例。使用“最佳做法”来指引致死亡和毁灭的机制，从道德的观点来看是不恰当的，应当重新定名为自愿性质的“建议”。", "48. 古巴欢迎第五号议定书生效，其执行和普遍加入问题应当立即得到重视。古巴已经启动了批准该议定书的宪法程序。", "49. 厄舍克先生(土耳其)说，2004年3月1日，土耳其成为了《渥太华公约》缔约国，此后，《特定常规武器公约》及其各项议定书于2005年9月2日对土耳其生效。因此，土耳其首次作为缔约国出席审查会议，土耳其现在能够在实现《公约的目标方面发挥更加积极的作用。", "50. 内斯先生(挪威)说，关于战争遗留爆炸物和非杀伤人员地雷的有法律约束力的文书对在武装冲突期间和之后减少平民痛苦十分重要。挪威很高兴地注意到，第五号议定书即将生效，并完全致力于执行该议定书。他敦促所有尚未签署和批准该议定书的国家签署和批准该议定书，并支持促进其普遍性的各项主动行动。", "51. 越来越多的国家认识到，集束弹药具有不加区别的影响，会留下数量高得不能接受的战争遗留爆炸物。他祝贺民间社会努力突出表明并用文件记载由此引起.的人的痛苦。有关黎巴嫩情况的资料表明，迫切需要一份关于集束弹药的国际文书。该文书应当侧重于人道主义方面，明确规定与其执行相关的义务。", "52. 关于非杀伤人员地雷问题，平民人口的状况和人道主义排雷人员的状况必须得到改善。《公约》关于这一问题的一份具有法律约束力的新议定书必须包括超过经修正后的第二号议定书的规定。关于可探测性和有效寿命、以及有关转让的规定应当构成新议定书的基本支柱。", "53. 挪威支持普遍加入《特定常规武器公约》及其议定书的进一步倡议，支持设立一个遵约机制。他重申，挪威政府将作出建设性的努力，以期本次审查会议获得成功。", "54. 杜贝先生(津巴布韦观察员)说，津巴布韦渴望签署有关改善国际安全的所有公约。津巴布韦签署了《关于禁止使用、储存、生产和转让杀伤人员地雷及销毁此种地雷的公约》，并参加了一项运动，以结束杀伤人员地雷造成的痛苦，杀伤人员地雷每星期都使成百上千的人致死致残，其中大多为无辜者和没有防御能力者。杀伤人员地雷对发展和重建具有严重影响。津巴布韦过去曾有800公里布有地雷的边界，多年来不加区分地使得人和动物致死致残。1997年通过《渥太华公约》是一个重大的里程碑，尽管冲突继续存在，但由于作出努力禁止或限制使用特定常规武器，世界正变得更加安全。《生物武器公约》也特别重要，他呼吁所有拥有此种武器的国家销毁这些武器，或确保其用于和平目的。", "55. 布拉热克先生(捷克共和国)说，《禁止或限制使用地雷(水雷)、诱杀装置和其他装置的修正议定书》(经修正后的第二号议定)缔约国第八届年度会议于2006年11月6日在日内瓦举行，以便能就与执行议定书相关的所有问题进行磋商与合作。58个缔约国和一个签署国、10个观察员国和许多联合国机构、国际组织和非政府组织出席了会议，提交了43份国家年度报告。会议审议了关于推迟遵守经修正后的第二号议定书技术附件第2款(b)项和第3款(a)和(b)项的问题，并注意到，允许的推迟期将在2007年12月3日到期。会议决定，2007年第九届年度会议的日期和议程将在本届审查会议上决定。第八届年度会议最后呼吁所有缔约国尽快加入经修正后的第二号议定书，呼吁86个缔约国在本地区促进更广泛地加入该议定书。", "56. 斯波里先生(红十字国际委员会)说，过去11年来，《特定常规武器公约》有所扩大，涵盖非国际武装冲突，激光致盲武器遭到禁止，对地雷、诱杀装置和类似装置实施了新的限制。关于战争遗留爆炸物的第五号议定书确立了新的规则，以求最大限度地减少未爆炸和遗弃的弹药造成的死亡、伤害和痛苦。本届审查会议提供了一个机会，以审查《公约》及其议定书的现况和运作情况、评价武器技术和武装冲突性质方面发生的变化、并进一步加强国际人道主义法。红十字国际委员会敦促缔约国通过一项新的议定书，减少反车辆地雷的人的代价，并开始拟订一项新的文书，处理使用集束弹药严重和长期的后果问题。非杀伤人员地雷是广泛讨论的主题，红十字委员会用文件记录了此种地雷对平民人口和人道主义援助活动的严重影响。红十字委员会的代表见证了平民车辆遭遇此种地雷时的悲惨后果。代表们自己也是此种地雷的受害者。通过要求此种武器可以探测和寿命短暂，关于这一问题的一项议定书能够加强现有规则。此种议定书必须具有法律约束力，必须明显优于经修正后的第二号议定书所载的规则，必须足够明确，以便即行实施，解决实地的问题。", "57. 40多年来，人们知道，集束弹药在武装冲突期间和之后造成了相当大的平民伤亡。平民的痛苦和清除此种武器的负担继续持续稳定地增加，受这些武器影响的国家名单每年都在增加。红十字委员会相信，现在是时候了，应当采取有力的国际行动，结束与集束弹药相关的可预计的人类悲剧模式，集束弹药的具体特性完全证明有理由采取强有力的行动。红十字委员会呼吁所有国家在国家一级采取行动，结束使用不精确和不可靠的集束弹药，禁止用此种弹药瞄准有人地区的任何军事目标，消除不精确和不可靠的集束弹药的储存，并在销毁这些弹药之前，不将这些武器转让给他国。需要一份新的国际文书，以全面和有效地解决集束弹药问题，红十字委员会准备在2007年初主办一次国际专家会议，并开始查明此种协定的内容。与集束弹药相关的严重和不成比例的人的代价必须加以严格规范。", "58. 审查会议在促进普遍加入和充分执行《特定常规武器公约》方面发挥了关键的作用。自《公约》通过以来，总共25个年头过去了，因此，应当进行实质性审查，审议国家履行《特定常规武器公约》义务的情况、建立国家机制审查新武器合法性的情况、以及澄清与关于激光致盲武器的第四号议定书相关的某些问题。2001年，红十字委员会向第二次审查会议提交了一份报告，其中着重谈到，红十字委员会感到关切的是，由于某些12.7毫米多用途子弹的生产和扩散，禁止使用能在人体内爆炸的子弹的规定可能正在遭到破坏。审查会议请各国采取适当行动。多次弹道试验表明，可以预期，这些多用途子弹会在各种情况下在人体内起爆，包括近距离和在撞击护甲之后。尽管红十字委员会并未提议第三次审查会议采取进一步的行动，但邀请各国确认：它们认为，禁止对人使用在人体内爆炸的子弹。他敦促各国将这一规则纳入其军事手册和培训材料。", "59. 盖拉尔德先生(联合国排雷行动工作队)说，联合国持续地见证地雷和包括未爆炸子弹药在内的战争遗留爆炸物造成的人道主义和社会经济影响。以政府专家小组观察员的身份，联合国便利了基于实地的存在，并助成了缔约国之间的实质性讨论和谈判。定期向缔约国通报地雷和战争遗留爆炸物造成的人道主义威胁和其他挑战。最近联合国就一系列实地方案进行的调查特别引起人们对这些威胁和挑战的关注，联合国委托编写的一份关于阿尔巴尼亚和老挝人民民主共和国情况的报告突出表明了集束弹药的社会经济和人道主义影响。", "60. 联合国排雷行动工作队积极参与了导致通过第五号议定书的谈判，并欢迎议定书即将生效。联合国还对发展有关集束弹药和子弹药性质的共同理解作出了贡献，呼吁采取措施减轻其影响。《特定常规武器公约》缔约国应当作出进一步的努力，争取就非杀伤人员地雷达成一项协议，确保所有此种地雷均装有自毁或自失能装置，能够由普通现有技术的探雷装置探测，不装有防排装置或可因附近有人而起爆的敏感引信。联合国排雷行动工作队赞同秘书长对本届审查会议的贺词，认为必须处理集束弹药的非人道的影响，并实施一种机制，有效遵守《特定常规武器公约》及其议定书，并就此开展合作。他还鼓励在《特定常规武器公约》之下设立一个赞助方案，该方案将便利更广泛地出席《特定常规武器公约》会议，特别是那些受使用特定常规武器影响的国家，包括地雷、战争遗留爆炸物和集束弹药。", "61. 内伦先生(日内瓦国际人道主义排雷中心)说，坚定地致力于调节和限制使用非杀伤人员地雷和包括集束弹药在内的战争遗留爆炸物的人道主义原则将是未来多年的一项重大成就。非杀伤人员地雷对战后恢复构成严重障碍，对返回的难民和其他平民、以及对人道主义工作人员和排雷部门的人员构成严重障碍。因此他希望，各缔约国努力通过一项有法律约束力的文书，处理使用此种地雷引起的所有人道主义关切。中心准备对讨论作出贡献，特别是有关非杀伤人员地雷可探测性和有效寿命的讨论。地雷必须能够由金属探测器探测，因而需含有8克的一整块铁。应当装有自毁或自失效装置，并带有后备自失能装置。如果未能就通过一项新的议定书达成协议，则应当注重执行经修正后的第二号议定书，特别是有关非杀伤人员地雷。", "62. 关于战争遗留爆炸物问题，他说，他希望，第五号议定书的生效将是努力在冲突后消除未爆炸弹药和被遗弃弹药所造成危险的第一步。仍需努力鼓励各国批准新的议定书并加以执行。应当作出进一步的努力，建立一个强有力的《特定常规武器公约》遵约机制，并确保其有效。关于《特定常规武器公约》可能赞助方案的决定草案十分有用地规定了此种方案的一般原则、目标和运作模式，在这方面，如果有此要求，中心准备参加有关工作。", "审议和通过最后文件(议程项目18)(CCW/CONF.III/CRP.1)", "63. 主席提请委员会成员注意最后文件草案(CCW/CONF.III/CRP.1)第一部分，该文件已在会议室分发。最后文件草案全文将在届会晚些时候通过。", "下午4时55分商散会", "[1] 本记录可加以更正。", "对本记录的更正应以工作语文之一提出，以备忘录说明更正之处，并改在一份已印发的记录上。更正应在本文件印发之日起一周内送交日内瓦万国宫E.4108室编辑科。", "本会议各次会议记录的所有更正将汇编成一份总的更正，于会议结束后不久印发。" ]

[ "THIRD REVIEW CONFERENCE OF THE STATESPARTIES TO THE CONVENTION ON PROHIBITIONS ORRESTRICTIONSON THE USE OF CERTAIN CONVENTIONAL WEAPONSWHICH MAY BE DEEMED TO BE EXCESSIVELYINJURIOUSOR TO HAVE INDISCRIMINATE EFFECTS\tCCW/CONF.III/SR.216 November 2006Original: ENGLISH", "Geneva, 7-17 November 2006", "SUMMARY RECORD OF THE 2nd MEETING", "Held at the Palais des Nations, Geneva,", "on Tuesday, 7 November 2006, at 3 p.m.", "President: Mr. RIVASSEAU (France)", "CONTENTS", "GENERAL EXCHANGE OF VIEWS (continued)", "CONSIDERATION AND ADOPTION OF THE FINAL DOCUMENTS", "The meeting was called to order at 3.10 p.m.", "GENERAL EXCHANGE OF VIEWS (continued)", "1. Mr. VELEZ BENEDETTI (Colombia) said that the Convention was a valuable instrument that contributed to the promotion and protection of international humanitarian law. It encouraged solidarity and international cooperation to deal with the damage caused by conventional weapons such as landmines, booby traps and other improvised explosive devices. He supported the comments made by the Secretary-General of the United Nations the previous day on the lasting effects of such weapons on children, future generations, displaced persons and post-conflict reconstruction. Universalization of the Convention was therefore a priority.", "2. The Conference should focus on implementing policies to prohibit the transfer of such weapons to non-State actors. Adopting instruments to implement the existing principles of international humanitarian law and to improve the design of certain weapons, including mines other than anti-personnel mines and submunitions, was equally imperative. Measures to reduce the humanitarian risk from explosive remnants of war were another priority.", "3. The Third Review Conference should be used to identify the areas on which States parties could agree and acknowledge those on which consensus was impossible. That would allow States parties to adopt effective measures on some issues and to leave more controversial issues to be settled at a later date, thus saving time and other resources.", "4. He called on States parties to adopt the draft decision on the establishment of a sponsorship programme under the Convention and to take the necessary steps to implement the programme. The principal objective of the programme should be to enable countries affected by the illegal use of the weapons covered by the Convention to participate in the meetings of experts, so that the work of the Conference would be informed by their experience. That would provide a broader, more inclusive basis for participation than the current criterion, which was the apparent level of economic development of countries requesting sponsorship. The programme’s steering committee should receive inputs from those affected countries as well as from donor countries.", "5. Mr. BELEVAN TAMAYO (Peru) commended recent initiatives to promote the universality of the CCW. He urged all States parties to increase their participation in CCW meetings in order to raise awareness among the international community of the issues covered by the Convention and its protocols. The sponsorship programme would contribute to that end by encouraging the participation of developing countries. He took it that the proposed mechanism for the programme would be the one that had been successfully implemented by the donor countries under the Ottawa Convention.", "6. Greater representation of States parties would also facilitate increased compliance with the Convention and its protocols. Peru supported the efforts to establish an appropriate mechanism that would encompass the Convention and all its protocols, which would be a significant improvement on the current system.", "7. The Conference should focus on adopting measures to reduce the impact of mines other than anti-personnel mines on civilian populations, and to improve working conditions for mine‑clearers during and after hostilities. The issues of detectability and the life cycle of mines were particularly relevant in that regard. The three-step approach to explosive remnants of war should be used for future work, and the McCormack report would assist in the search for ways to reduce the humanitarian effects of such remnants. Peru welcomed the imminent entry into force of Protocol V, which it planned to ratify in the near future.", "8. Mr. TURCOTTE (Canada) congratulated the States parties that had ratified Protocol V, and called on them to ensure that they had the means, mechanisms and processes in place to meet their obligations. Canada had analysed its ability to meet such obligations, and it was hoped that the Government would ratify the Protocol in the near future.", "9. States parties had reached an impasse on the issue of mines other than anti-personnel mines. Decisions should now be taken on the matter, which dated back to the First Review Conference in 1996. Canada proposed moving immediately to the negotiation of a new legally binding protocol that placed reasonable limitations on the active life of such mines and ensured that they were detectable by commonly available means. Any reduction in the military utility of such mines would be outweighed by the reduced humanitarian risk they would pose.", "10. Canada welcomed the proposal to establish a group of governmental experts to study feasible precautions to improve the design of military laser systems in order to avoid the incidence of permanent blindness to unenhanced vision.", "11. On the issue of ERW, Canada believed that if international humanitarian law was correctly applied and fully respected, it could provide adequate protection for civilians. The logical next step was to examine specific weapons systems. Canada had noted the proposal to negotiate a legally binding instrument to mitigate the adverse humanitarian impact of cluster munitions, as well as the proposal to continue the efforts of the Working Group on Explosive Remnants of War to examine ways to improve the design of munitions, including submunitions, in order to minimize the humanitarian risk they posed. Current and future proposals could be discussed within the CCW framework, and Canada welcomed the opportunity for constructive discussion on cluster munitions and other such weapons.", "12. While several recent developments had amply demonstrated the relevance of the CCW, it was necessary to accelerate the pace of work in order to protect the lives and livelihoods of people throughout the world and to fulfil the promise of the Convention.", "13. Mr. VALLE FONROUGE (Argentina) said that the Conference should adopt a broad negotiating mandate on the issue of mines other than anti-personnel mines that would reflect the diversity of opinions expressed over the past four years. It should facilitate the development of a regulatory instrument for the production and transfer of such weapons and to minimize the risks posed to the civilian population by irresponsible use of those weapons. Cooperation and assistance should be included in the instrument in order to facilitate accession by States with limited resources.", "14. Since international humanitarian law contained sufficient provisions on the use of arms that could generate explosive remnants of war, debate in future should focus on preventive measures. Such measures should strive to improve the reliability of such munitions throughout their life cycle, including development, production, storage and use. Cooperation and technical assistance in that area would facilitate the adoption of the preventive measures by offsetting the increased costs of development and implementation, while avoiding the risk of undermining legitimate defence requirements.", "15. Argentina supported the proposal to negotiate a legally binding instrument that addressed the humanitarian concerns posed by cluster munitions, and paid tribute to the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) for its work in that field.", "16. His Government also backed the idea of adopting a compliance mechanism for the Convention and its protocols by means of an agreement attached to the Convention. The requirement that States parties should submit reports to the Secretary-General before each conference would improve on the current system.", "17. The Plan of Action to promote the universality of the CCW also met with Argentina’s approval. Argentina was a signatory to Protocol V and was currently considering ratification. With regard to point 10 (ii) of the Plan of Action, Argentina and ICRC had organized a regional seminar on weapons in international humanitarian law in Buenos Aires in August 2006. The sponsorship programme would help to promote universalization of the CCW Convention and encourage States parties to participate in meetings.", "18. States parties should strive to ensure that the Conference built on the progress made at previous meetings. They should also maintain flexibility in order to strike a balance between the strengthening of international humanitarian law and legitimate defence requirements.", "19. Mr. DA ROCHA PARANHOS (Brazil) said that States parties should take the opportunity to reaffirm their commitment to the universalization and full implementation of the Convention and to lay the groundwork for its future strengthening. In that regard, he welcomed the imminent entry into force of Protocol V, which his Government would ratify shortly. That instrument provided an effective legal framework for tackling the problem of explosive remnants of war with preventive and remedial measures. While time should be allowed to assess the effectiveness of the new Protocol, technical discussions on measures to prevent munitions from becoming explosive remnants of war should be held, focusing on international cooperation and the exchange of technology. Brazil therefore supported the renewal of the mandate of the Group of Governmental Experts (GGE) to discuss such matters.", "20. As the 2006 Coordinator of the GGE on Mines Other than Anti-Personnel Mines, he trusted that the revised provisions that he had submitted on such mines would provide a sound basis for the work of the Conference in that field. Given that different views persisted on the issue, dialogue and flexibility would be required in order to attain results.", "21. He supported the development and adoption of a non-intrusive mechanism to promote compliance with the Convention and its protocols. Such a mechanism should be based on the principles of consultation, cooperation and clarification. Only States parties could take decisions on the clarification of obligations deriving from the Convention and its protocols. Such decisions should be taken in a framework conducive to proper representation and formal decision-making.", "22. Mr. MINE (Japan) said that while a number of concrete outcomes had been achieved since the Second Review Conference, the current Conference should examine ways to convene the GGE in a more cost-effective way in future.", "23. Much preparation had gone into drafting a protocol regulating mines other than anti‑personnel mines that would be meaningful from the humanitarian and security perspectives. States parties should not, however, forget that the aim of the protocol was to reduce the humanitarian impact of such mines. The new protocol should therefore strengthen Amended Protocol II, not weaken it. Obligations on detectability and active life were fundamental to the protocol, and should apply equally to all States parties.", "24. In addition to Protocol V, progress had been made through discussions that had deepened the understanding of international humanitarian law principles applied to explosive remnants of war. Substantial discussions were under way on technical preventive measures for munitions, and the McCormack report provided a practical basis for further work. While States parties had not yet reached consensus on the issue of cluster munitions, efforts to balance humanitarian and security concerns continued.", "25. Japan urged all States parties to demonstrate the will to compromise and cooperate on a universally applicable mechanism to promote compliance with the Convention and its protocols. Japan emphasized the importance of promoting the steady implementation and universalization of the Convention, whose merit lay in its ability to respond as the international community’s problems evolved.", "26. Mr. BIELASHOV (Ukraine) associated himself with the statement delivered on behalf of the European Union. Ukraine remained committed to full compliance with the Convention and all its protocols and emphasized the need to increase their effectiveness, for the benefit of both combatants and civilians. He hoped that the instruments would be further strengthened in the global and regional efforts towards disarmament and arms control.", "27. He considered the issue of mines other than anti-personnel mines a paramount humanitarian concern and supported the adoption of a legally binding instrument which imposed limitations on the use and transfer of such weapons. The instrument should include provisions on bilateral, regional and international cooperation and assistance designed to facilitate its implementation by States parties.", "28. He called upon States to promote the universalization of Protocol V on explosive remnants of war, which was about to enter into force. Protocol V would contribute to strengthening international humanitarian law and consolidate efforts to address the negative impacts of explosive remnants of war. Ukraine would welcome continued work on the subject by the Group of Governmental Experts in 2007.", "29. The Convention and the protocols thereto remained a practical mechanism for reducing the risks to the civilian population from conventional military operations, and his Government would benefit from a clearly defined, transparent compliance mechanism. Ukraine supported all efforts to limit the use of weapons that inflicted suffering on civilians and combatants, as evidenced by the wide range of measures it had already taken and its determination to support new initiatives in that area.", "30. Mr. MANALO (Philippines) said the Convention was one of the principal instruments of international humanitarian law and should be strengthened and universalized. In that regard, he commended the plan of action to promote the universalization of CCW.", "31. He expressed the hope that significant progress could be reached on the issue of a compliance mechanism and welcomed the establishment of a voluntary sponsorship programme aimed at raising awareness of the Convention and its protocols.", "32. In the light of the humanitarian problems caused by mines other than anti-personnel mines, the Philippines supported measures to restrict and regulate their use. It also shared the concern that cluster munitions posed severe threats to civilian populations, and endorsed calls to restrict and regulate their use. Technical efforts should be made to redesign such weapons, with a view to reducing their risk of becoming explosive remnants of war. His country was currently studying ratification of Protocol V, bearing in mind its forthcoming entry into force.", "33. Mr. ITZCHAKI (Israel) said that the Convention, since its inception, constituted one of the more significant frameworks for achieving a balance between humanitarian concerns and legitimate military and security considerations. Discussions on the implementation of the CCW and its protocols, involving military experts and humanitarian organizations, had effectively helped to reduce human suffering.", "34. The Convention had raised awareness of the effects of the irresponsible and indiscriminate use of certain conventional weapons and offered common ground to facilitate negotiations between States, whilst ensuring that legitimate security considerations were not compromised. However, the fact that the CCW had not yet been ratified by all States led to inconsistency in States’ legal obligations, underlying the need for universal ratification.", "35. His Government had been able to engage constructively in the CCW process and contribute to its development over the years. It would continue with that approach, in the firm belief that it was essential to strengthen the CCW process rather than create a parallel process outside the Convention framework.", "36. The growing number of civilian casualties required special attention from the international community. While conventional weapons had legitimate objectives in relation to national security and defence, they had a clearly destabilizing strategic and humanitarian impact when used by terrorists. He stressed the need to address the present issue as a priority, taking into consideration the real threats posed to international peace and stability.", "37. While States fighting to defend their citizens endeavoured to apply the restraint necessary to reduce human suffering, no boundaries or basic principles of international humanitarian law were observed by terrorists. That had been demonstrated in the recent conflict with Hezbollah in southern Lebanon, through the use of civilians as human shields and of civilian facilities as launch pads for attacks. How could the international community enhance its control over the transfer of weapons to rogue groups? That threat extended beyond the borders of any single region and should be the focus of future action within the CCW framework, rather than the addition of provisions which could provide further immunity to terrorists.", "38. It was necessary to build on the success of the past achievements of CCW, in particular the provision of significant legal frameworks to deal with explosive remnants of war. Israel welcomed the entry into force of Protocol V, which provided a good basis for further discussions on preventative measures and on measures to ensure the safety and reliability of ammunition in order to reduce the risks of explosive remnants of war. His Government was proud to have engaged in five years of discussions to achieve a balanced instrument governing the use of mines other than anti-personnel mines in a manner that could truly reduce human suffering and facilitate rapid mine clearance in post-conflict situations.", "39. The compliance mechanism agreed upon in Amended Protocol II could also be applicable to the entire Convention, since it reduced the possibility of abusing humanitarian concerns to promote a different political agenda. The need to avoid such abuse should guide the Conference in its consideration of the draft decision submitted on the issue.", "40. Mr. FERNANDEZ PALACIOS (Cuba) said it was increasingly necessary to preserve multilateralism in international relations, based on strict compliance with the principles of international law and the United Nations Charter.", "41. While military expenditure throughout the world now reached US$ 1 trillion, 1 billion people were illiterate and 900 million starving worldwide. Barely 10 per cent of current military expenditure would be sufficient to achieve the Millennium Development Goals. However, that would require political will to channel resources towards the problems of underdevelopment and the gap between the richest and the poorest countries.", "42. The people of Cuba has been living in a state of siege for the past 47 years, threatened with military aggression by the United States. In July 2006, The United States administration announced new measures in relation to a new annexation-oriented plan in its drive to destroy the Cuban revolution. The plan was accompanied by “secret” measures, suggesting further plans for attacks and the use of force. That had been compounded by the economic war against Cuba, whose access to necessary resources and advanced technologies for development had thus been impeded.", "43. His Government therefore attached particular significance to national security, and felt that certain countries which advocated limiting the use of mines other than anti-personnel mines, while at the same time manufacturing increasingly sophisticated conventional weapons, lacked credibility.", "44. Cuba had maintained a constructive approach throughout the discussions on anti‑personnel landmines, and had even submitted a proposal to the Group of Governmental Experts at its 12th session, in an attempt to shift the focus of the discussions to take into account the opinions of developing countries. He noted with satisfaction that proposals had also been submitted by other countries.", "45. He welcomed the presentation of the technical issues as recommendations. Nonetheless, some of the proposals put forward could be implemented only by countries which had a high level of considerable technological development and sufficient economic and military power, in contrast to developing countries like Cuba.", "46. Any decision taken in relation to the implementation of the Convention and the protocols thereto should fall within the mechanism already established, and should be sufficiently flexible to address the concerns of all parties.", "47. Cuba believed that the adoption of “best practices” as a legally binding measure could set negative precedents in the application of international rules for the prohibition or restriction of other weapons. It was not appropriate, from an ethical standpoint, to use the term “best practices” in reference to mechanisms that led to death and destruction, and they should be redesignated as “recommendations” of a voluntary character.", "48. Cuba welcomed the entry into force of Protocol V, whose implementation and universalization should receive immediate attention. Cuba had already initiated constitutional procedures for its ratification.", "49. Mr. IŞIK (Turkey) said that, after Turkey had become a State party to the Ottawa Convention on 1 March 2004, the CCW Convention and various protocols had entered into force for it on 2 September 2005. It was thus attending a Review Conference as a State party for the first time, and would now be in a position to play a more active role in achieving the aims of the Convention.", "50. Mr. NAESS (Norway) said that legally binding instruments on both explosive remnants of war and mines other than anti-personnel mines were essential to reduce civilian suffering during and after armed conflict. Norway was pleased to note the imminent entry into force of Protocol V and was fully committed to its implementation. He urged all States that had not yet signed and ratified the Protocol to do so, and supported initiatives to promote its universalization.", "51. The indiscriminate effects and unacceptably high number of explosive remnants of war left by cluster munitions was recognized by a growing number of States. He congratulated civil society for its efforts to highlight and document the human suffering that resulted. Information regarding the situation in Lebanon demonstrated that an international instrument on cluster munitions was urgently required. The instrument should focus on humanitarian aspects, clearly stating the obligations related to its implementation.", "52. On the issue of mines other than anti-personnel mines, the situation of the civilian population and of humanitarian deminers must be improved. A legally binding new protocol to the Convention on the issue must include provisions extending beyond those of Amended Protocol II. Detectability and active life, together with provisions relating to transfers, should form the basic pillars of the new protocol.", "53. Norway supported further initiatives for the universalization of CCW and its protocols, and the establishment of a compliance mechanism. He reiterated his Government’s will to work constructively towards the success of the current Review Conference.", "54. Mr. DUBE (Observer for Zimbabwe) said that Zimbabwe was keen to sign all conventions that dealt with the improvement of international security. It had signed the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti‑Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction, and had participated in a campaign to end the suffering caused by anti-personnel mines that killed and maimed hundreds of people every week, most of whom were innocent and defenceless. Anti-personnel mines had a serious impact on development and reconstruction. Zimbabwe had previously had 800 kilometres of mined borders, which for many years had caused indiscriminate killing and maiming of people and animals. The adoption of the Ottawa Convention in 1997 had been an important milestone, and although conflicts continued, the world was becoming more secure as a result of the efforts being made to prohibit or restrict the use of certain conventional weapons. The Biological Weapons Convention was also particularly important, and he called on all States that possessed such weapons to destroy them, or ensure that they were used for peaceful purposes.", "55. Mr. BLAŽEK (Czech Republic) said that the Eighth Annual Conference of the Parties to the Amended Protocol on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Mines, Booby-Traps and Other Devices (Amended Protocol II) had been held in Geneva on 6 November 2006, in order to permit consultation and cooperation on all issues related to the implementation of the Protocol. The Conference had been attended by 58 States parties and one signatory State, 10 observer States and a number of United Nations bodies, international organizations and NGOs, and 43 national annual reports had been submitted. The Conference had considered the issue of the deferral of compliance with paragraphs 2 (b) and 3 (a) and (b) of the Technical Annex of Amended Protocol II, and had noted that the permitted deferral period would expire on 3 December 2007. The Conference had decided that the dates and agenda of the Ninth Annual Conference in 2007 would be set at the current Review Conference. The Eighth Annual Conference had concluded with an appeal to all States to accede to Amended Protocol II as soon as possible, and called on the 86 States parties to promote wider adherence to the Protocol in their regions.", "56. Mr. SPOERRI (International Committee of the Red Cross) said that over the past 11 years, the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons had been extended to cover non‑international armed conflicts, blinding laser weapons had been prohibited and new restrictions had been placed on landmines, booby traps and similar devices. Protocol V on explosive remnants of war had established new rules to minimize the death, injury and suffering caused by unexploded and abandoned ordnance. The present Review Conference was an opportunity to examine the status and operation of the Convention and its protocols, to evaluate the changes that had occurred in weapons technology and the nature of armed conflict, and to further enhance international humanitarian law. The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) urged States parties to adopt a new protocol to reduce the human costs of anti-vehicle mines and begin developing a new instrument to address the severe and long-term consequences of the use of cluster munitions. Mines other than anti-personnel mines had been the subject of extensive discussion, and ICRC had documented the serious impact of such mines on civilian populations and humanitarian assistance operations. ICRC delegates had witnessed the tragic consequences when civilian vehicles encountered such mines. Delegates themselves had also been the victims of such mines. A protocol on the subject could strengthen existing rules by requiring such weapons to be detectable and short-lived. Such a protocol must be legally binding, must represent a significant advance over the rules contained in Amended Protocol II and must be clear enough to be readily implemented in order to solve the problems on the ground.", "57. For over 40 years, cluster munitions had been known to cause considerable civilian death and injury both during and after armed conflicts. Civilian suffering and the burden of clearing such weapons continued to grow relentlessly, and the list of States affected by those weapons increased every year. ICRC believed that the time had come for strong international action to end the predicable pattern of human tragedy associated with cluster munitions, whose specific characteristics fully justified strong action. ICRC called on all States to take action at the national level to end the use of inaccurate and unreliable cluster munitions, prohibit the targeting of such munitions against any military objective located in a populated area, eliminate stocks of inaccurate and unreliable cluster munitions and, pending their destruction, not to transfer such weapons to other countries. A new international instrument was needed to comprehensively and effectively address the problem of cluster munitions, and ICRC was prepared to host an international expert meeting in early 2007 to begin to identify the elements of such an agreement. The severe and disproportionate human costs associated with cluster munitions required strict regulation.", "58. Review conferences played a crucial role in promoting the universalization and full implementation of the CCW. A total of 25 years had passed since the adoption of the Convention, and a substantive review should therefore be conducted to consider national implementation of CCW obligations, the establishment of national mechanisms to review the legality of new weapons, and the clarification of certain issues related to Protocol IV on binding laser weapons. In 2001, ICRC had submitted a report to the Second Review Conference which highlighted its concern that the prohibition of the use of bullets that exploded within the human body was in danger of being undermined by the production and proliferation of certain 12.7‑millimetre multi-purpose bullets. The Review Conference had invited States to take appropriate action. Repeated ballistic tests had shown that those multi-purpose bullets could be expected to detonate in the human body under a variety of circumstances, including at short ranges and after having struck body armour. Although ICRC was not proposing further action by the Third Review Conference, it invited States to confirm that they considered the anti‑personnel use of bullets that exploded in the human body to be prohibited. He urged States to integrate that rule into their military manuals and training materials.", "59. Mr. GAYLARD (United Nations Mine Action Team) said that the United Nations bore constant witness to the humanitarian and socio-economic impact of landmines and explosive remnants of war, including unexploded submunitions. In its observer capacity in the Group of Governmental Experts, the United Nations had facilitated field-based presentations and had contributed to the substantive discussions and negotiations among States parties. States parties had been kept regularly informed of the humanitarian threats and other challenges posed by landmines and explosive remnants of war. A recent United Nations survey conducted across a range of field programmes had drawn specific attention to such threats and challenges, and a United-Nations-commissioned report on the situation in Albania and the Lao People’s Democratic Republic had highlighted the socio-economic and humanitarian impacts of cluster munitions.", "60. The United Nations Mine Action Team had participated actively in the negotiations that had led to the adoption of Protocol V, and welcomed its imminent entry into force. The United Nations had also contributed to the development of a common understanding of the nature of cluster munitions and submunitions, and had consistently drawn attention to their adverse humanitarian and development impact and called for measures to mitigate that impact. Further efforts should be made by States parties to the CCW to work towards the conclusion of an agreement on mines other than anti-personnel mines to ensure that all such mines contained a self-destruction or self-deactivation mechanism, were detectable by commonly available technical mine detection equipment, and were not fitted with anti-handling devices or sensitive fuses that could be activated by the presence or proximity of a person. The United Nations Mine Action Team endorsed the Secretary-General’s message to the present Review Conference, on the need to address the inhumane effects of cluster munitions and to adopt a mechanism for effective compliance and cooperation in respect of the CCW and its protocols. He also encouraged the adoption of a sponsorship programme for the CCW, which would facilitate wider participation in CCW meetings, particularly from countries affected by the use of certain conventional weapons including landmines, explosive remnants of war and cluster munitions.", "61. Mr. NELLEN (Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining) said that a strong commitment to the humanitarian principle of regulating and restricting the use of mines other than anti-personnel mines and explosive remnants of war, including cluster munitions, would constitute a major achievement for years to come. Mines other than anti-personnel mines presented a serious obstacle to post-conflict recovery for returning refugees and other civilians, as well as humanitarian workers and the landmine clearance sector. He therefore hoped that States parties would strive to adopt a legally binding instrument to address all humanitarian concerns raised by the use of such mines. The Centre was ready to contribute to discussions, in particular on the detectability and active life of mines other than anti-personnel mines. Mines must be made detectable to metal detectors, through the inclusion of an eight-gram piece of iron in a single coherent mass. They should be fitted with a self-destruction or self-neutralization mechanism, with a back-up self-deactivation feature. In the event that agreement was not reached on the adoption of a new protocol, attention should be focused on the implementation of Amended Protocol II, in particular with respect to mines other than anti-personnel mines.", "62. Turning to the issue of explosive remnants of war, he said that he hoped the entry into force of Protocol V would constitute a first step towards addressing the danger of unexploded ordnance and abandoned explosive ordnance after conflicts. Efforts were still required to encourage States to ratify the new Protocol and implement it. Further efforts should be made to establish a strong compliance mechanism for CCW, and ensure its effectiveness. The draft decision on the possible CCW sponsorship programme usefully set out the general principles, goals and operational modalities of such a programme, in which the Centre was ready to participate if so requested.", "CONSIDERATION AND ADOPTION OF THE FINAL DOCUMENTS (agenda item 18) (CCW/CONF.III/CRP.1)", "63. The PRESIDENT drew the Committee members’ attention to part I of the draft final document (CCW/CONF.III/CRP.1), which had been distributed in the conference room. The draft final document as a whole would be adopted later in the session.", "The meeting rose at 4.55 p.m." ]

[ "Geneva, 7-17 November 2006", "Summary record of the 2nd meeting [1]", "on Tuesday, 7 November 2006, at 3 p.m.", "Chairman: Mr. Rivasseau (France)", "CONTENTS", "General exchange of views (continued)", "Consideration and adoption of final documents", "The meeting rose at 3.10 p.m.", "General exchange of views (continued)", "1. Mr. Vélez Benedetti (Colombia) said that the Convention was a valuable instrument for the promotion and protection of international humanitarian law. Colombia encourages solidarity and international cooperation to deal with the damage caused by conventional weapons, such as mines, booby traps and other improvised explosive devices. He supported the comments made the previous day by the Secretary-General of the United Nations on the long-term impact of such weapons on children, future generations, displaced persons and post-war reconstruction. Universal adherence to the Convention is therefore a priority.", "2. The Conference should focus on implementing policies that prohibit the transfer of such weapons to non-State actors. It was equally important to adopt instruments to implement existing principles of international humanitarian law and to improve the design of certain weapons, including mines other than anti-personnel mines and submunitions. Measures to reduce the humanitarian risk of ERW are another priority.", "3. The Third Review Conference should be used to identify areas where States Parties could reach agreement and recognize areas where consensus could not be reached. This would allow the State party to take effective measures on a number of issues, leaving more contentious issues for later resolution, thus saving time and other resources.", "He called on States parties to adopt the draft decision on the establishment of a sponsorship programme under the Convention and to take the necessary steps to implement the programme. The main objective of the programme should be to enable States affected by the illicit use of the weapons covered by the Convention to participate in expert meetings and to learn about their work through their experience. This will provide a basis for broader and more inclusive participation than the current criteria, that is, a clear level of economic development for the sponsoring countries. The steering committee of the programme should receive input from affected countries as well as donor countries.", "5. Mr. Bellevane Tamayo (Peru) commended recent initiatives to promote universal adherence to the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. He urged all States parties to increase their participation in CCW meetings in order to raise international awareness of the implications of the Convention and its Protocols. This was facilitated by the Sponsorship Programme, which encouraged the participation of developing countries. In his view, the proposed mechanism for the programme should be that of successful implementation by donor countries under the Ottawa Convention.", "6. Greater representation of States parties would also facilitate wider adherence to the Convention and its Protocols. Peru supports efforts to establish an appropriate mechanism to cover the Convention and all its protocols, which would significantly improve the existing system.", "7. The Conference should focus on measures to reduce the impact of MOTAPM on civilian populations and to improve the working conditions of deminers during and after hostilities. The detectability and life cycle of mines are particularly relevant in this regard. The three-step approach to explosive remnants of war should be applied to future work, and the McCormack report would help to find ways to reduce the humanitarian impact of such remnants. Peru welcomed the imminent entry into force of Protocol V and planned to ratify it in the near future.", "Mr. TCHROT (Canada) congratulated the States parties that had ratified Protocol V and called on them to ensure that they had the means, mechanisms and procedures to fulfil their obligations. Canada had analysed its capacity to meet such obligations and hoped that the Government would ratify the Protocol in the near future.", "9. The States Parties are at an impasse on MOTAPM. The issue dates back to the first Review Conference in 1996, and it is time to take a decision on it. Canada proposes to immediately commence negotiations on a new legally binding protocol that would reasonably limit the active life of such mines and ensure their detection by commonly available means. The humanitarian risk posed by such mines would be reduced in excess of any reduction in their military utility.", "10. Canada welcomed the proposal to establish a group of governmental experts to study feasible precautions to improve the design of military laser systems and to avoid permanent blindness to unused visual organs.", "11. With regard to explosive remnants of war, Canada believed that international humanitarian law could provide adequate protection for civilians if properly applied and fully respected. The next logical step is to review specific weapons systems. Canada notes the proposal to negotiate a legally binding instrument to mitigate the adverse humanitarian impact of cluster munitions and the continued efforts of the Working Group on Explosive Remnants of War to review proposals for ways to improve the design of munitions, including submunitions, in order to minimize the humanitarian risks they pose. Existing and future proposals could be discussed within the CCW framework, and Canada would welcome an opportunity for constructive discussions on cluster munitions and other such weapons.", "12. Although recent developments had detailed the importance of the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons, there was also a need to accelerate the pace of work in order to protect people ' s lives and livelihoods worldwide and to fulfil the Convention ' s commitments.", "13. Mr. Valle Fonrouge (Argentina) said that the Conference should adopt a broad negotiating mandate on mines other than anti-personnel mines, reflecting the views expressed over the past four years. The mandate should contribute to the development of normative instruments on the production and transfer of such weapons in order to minimize the risks to civilian populations posed by the irresponsible use of such weapons. Cooperation and assistance should be included to facilitate accession by States with limited resources.", "14. As international humanitarian law contained adequate provisions on the use of weapons that might cause explosive remnants of war, future debates should focus on preventive measures. Such measures should seek to improve the reliability of such munitions throughout their life cycle, including their development, production, storage and use. Cooperation and technical assistance in this area will facilitate preventive measures that offset the increased costs of development and implementation while avoiding the risk of undermining legitimate defence requirements.", "15. Argentina supported the proposal to negotiate a legally binding instrument to address the humanitarian concerns raised by cluster munitions and thanked the International Committee of the Red Cross for its work in that area.", "16. His Government also supported the idea of establishing a compliance mechanism for the Convention and its Protocols through an agreement relating to the Convention. The reporting requirements of States parties to the Secretary-General before each session would improve the current system.", "17. Argentina also endorsed the Plan of Action to Promote Universality of the CCW. Argentina was a signatory to Protocol V and was currently considering ratification. With regard to point 10 (ii) of the plan of action, Argentina and ICRC organized a seminar in Buenos Aires in August 2006 on the issue of weapons in international humanitarian law. The Sponsorship Programme would help to promote universalization of the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons and encourage States parties to participate.", "18. States parties should endeavour to ensure that the Conference builds on the progress made at previous meetings. States parties should also maintain flexibility in their efforts to strike a balance between strengthening international humanitarian law and legitimate defence requirements.", "19. Mr. da Rocha Paranhos (Brazil) said that States parties should take the opportunity to reaffirm their commitment to the universalization and full implementation of the Convention and to lay the groundwork for its strengthening. In that connection, he welcomed the imminent entry into force of Protocol V, which his Government would soon ratify. The instrument provided an effective legal framework for addressing the problem of explosive remnants of war and provided for preventive and remedial measures. While time should be set aside to assess the effectiveness of the new protocol, technical discussions should be held on measures to prevent munitions from becoming explosive remnants of war, with emphasis on international cooperation and technical exchange. Brazil therefore supports the extension of the mandate of the Group of Governmental Experts to discuss such issues.", "20. As Coordinator of the 2006 Group of Governmental Experts on Mines Other Than Anti-Personnel Mines, he was confident that his proposed amendments to such mines would provide a good basis for the Conference ' s work in that area. Given the traditional diversity of views on this issue, dialogue and flexibility are needed to achieve results.", "He supported the development and adoption of a non-intrusive mechanism to promote compliance with the Convention and its Protocols. Such a mechanism should be based on the principles of consultation, cooperation and clarification. Only States parties could decide on the clarification of obligations arising from the Convention and its Protocols. Such decisions should be taken within a framework conducive to adequate representation and formal decision-making.", "22. Mr. MINE (Japan) said that, despite the many concrete results achieved since the Second Review Conference, the current session should examine the more cost-effective way in which the meetings of the Group of Governmental Experts could be held.", "23. Much preparatory work had been done to draft a protocol to regulate mines other than anti-personnel mines, which was of great humanitarian and security interest. However, States parties should not forget that the purpose of the Protocol was to reduce the humanitarian impact of such mines. The new protocol should therefore strengthen, not weaken, Amended Protocol II. The obligations regarding detectability and active life were essential to the Protocol and should be applied equally to all States parties.", "24. In addition to Protocol V, some progress had been made through discussions that had deepened understanding of the principles of international humanitarian law applicable to explosive remnants of war. Substantive discussions are under way on technical preventive measures for munitions, and the McCormack report provides a practical basis for future work. Although States parties had not yet reached consensus on the issue of cluster munitions, they were continuing their efforts to balance humanitarian and security concerns.", "25. Japan urged all States parties to demonstrate their willingness to compromise and cooperate in a universal mechanism to promote compliance with the Convention and its Protocols. Japan stresses the importance of promoting the steady implementation and universalization of the Convention, which has the advantage of its ability to respond as the problems of the international community change.", "Mr. BIRASHOV (Ukraine) associated himself with the statement made on behalf of the European Union. Ukraine has always been committed to full compliance with the Convention and all its protocols and stresses the need to enhance its effectiveness for the benefit of combatants and civilians. He hoped that the relevant instruments would be further strengthened through global and regional disarmament and arms control efforts.", "In his view, the issue of mines other than anti-personnel mines was of the utmost humanitarian concern and he supported the adoption of a legally binding instrument to limit the use and transfer of such weapons. The instrument should include provisions on bilateral, regional and international cooperation and assistance aimed at facilitating implementation by States parties.", "28. He called on States to promote the universalization of Protocol V on explosive remnants of war, which was about to enter into force. Protocol V would contribute to the strengthening of international humanitarian law and efforts to recover the adverse effects of explosive remnants of war. Ukraine welcomes the continuation of the work of the Group of Governmental Experts on this issue in 2007.", "29. The Convention and its Protocols remained a practical mechanism for reducing the risk of conventional military activities to the civilian population, and his Government would benefit from a well-defined and transparent compliance mechanism. Ukraine supports all efforts to limit the use of weapons that cause suffering to civilians and combatants and, to that end, has taken a wide range of measures and is determined to support new initiatives in this field.", "30. Mr. Manalo (Philippines) said that the Convention was one of the main instruments of international humanitarian law and should be strengthened and universalized. In that regard, he commended the Plan of Action to Promote Universality of the CCW.", "He expressed the hope that significant progress could be made on the compliance mechanism and welcomed the establishment of a voluntary sponsorship programme to raise awareness of the Convention and its Protocols.", "32. In view of the humanitarian problems caused by mines other than anti-personnel mines, the Philippines supported measures to limit and regulate their use. The Philippines shares the concern that cluster munitions pose a serious threat to civilian populations and endorses the call to limit and regulate their use. Technical efforts should be made to redesign such weapons to reduce their risk of becoming ERW. In view of the imminent entry into force of Protocol V, the Philippines was studying its ratification.", "33. Mr. Itzchaki (Israel) said that, from the outset, the Convention had been one of the more important frameworks for striking a balance between humanitarian concerns and legitimate military and security considerations. Discussions involving military experts and humanitarian organizations on the implementation of the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons and its Protocols had helped to reduce human suffering.", "34. The Convention has raised awareness of the impact of irresponsible and indiscriminate use of specific conventional weapons, providing common ground to facilitate negotiations among States while ensuring that legitimate security concerns are not compromised. However, the fact that not all States have ratified the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons has led to inconsistencies in the legal obligations of States, underlining the need for universal ratification.", "35. Over the years, his Government had been able to participate constructively in the CCW process and contribute to its development. Israel will continue this approach, convinced that it is very important to strengthen the CCW process rather than to create a parallel process outside the framework of the Convention.", "36. The increasing number of civilian casualties requires special attention by the international community. While conventional weapons have a number of legitimate objectives in terms of national security and defence, they clearly have strategic and humanitarian destabilizing effects if used by terrorists. He stressed that the issue must be addressed as a matter of priority, taking into account the real danger to international peace and security.", "37. Despite the efforts of States seeking to protect their citizens to exercise the restraint needed to reduce human suffering, terrorists did not respect any of the limits or basic principles of international humanitarian law. The recent conflict with Hizbullah in southern Lebanon demonstrates this: They used civilians as human shields and civilian installations as launching grounds for attacks. How can the international community strengthen its control over arms transfers to rogue groups? This threat goes beyond the boundaries of any single region, and future actions within the CCW framework should focus on this, rather than adding provisions that would provide for additional exemptions for terrorists.", "38. It was important to build on the past successes of the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons, in particular by providing a meaningful legal framework to address the problem of explosive remnants of war. Israel welcomed the entry into force of Protocol V, which provided a good basis for further discussion on preventive measures and measures to ensure the safety and reliability of munitions in order to reduce the risk of explosive remnants of war. The Government of Israel was proud to have participated in five years of discussions to arrive at a balanced instrument on the use of mines other than anti-personnel mines in a manner that would truly reduce human suffering and facilitate the rapid clearance of mines in post-conflict situations.", "39. The compliance mechanism agreed to in Amended Protocol II could also apply to the Convention as a whole, as it reduced the possibility of abusing humanitarian concerns to advance a different political agenda. The need to avoid such abuse guided the Conference ' s consideration of the draft decision submitted on the issue.", "40. Mr. Fernández Palacio (Cuba) said that multilateralism was increasingly needed in international relations on the basis of strict adherence to the principles of international law and the Charter of the United Nations.", "41. World military spending now reached $1 trillion, while the world had 1 billion illiterates and 900 million hungry. Only 10 per cent of current military expenditures would be sufficient to achieve the Millennium Development Goals. However, it requires the political will to direct resources to addressing underdevelopment by narrowing the gap between the richest and poorest countries.", "42. For the past 47 years, the Cuban people had been living under siege and threatened by United States military aggression. In July 2006, the United States Government announced new measures linked to a new annexation-oriented plan aimed at destroying the Cuban revolution. The plan was accompanied by “secret” measures implying further plans for attacks and the use of force. Added to that was the economic war against Cuba, which prevented Cuba from obtaining the necessary resources and advanced technology for development.", "43. His Government therefore attached particular importance to national security and believed that certain countries that advocated restrictions on the use of mines other than anti-personnel mines while also creating increasingly sophisticated conventional weapons lacked credibility.", "44. Throughout the discussions on anti-personnel landmines, Cuba had been constructive and had even submitted a proposal to the twelfth session of the Group of Governmental Experts to try to shift the focus of the discussions to take into account the views of developing countries. He noted with satisfaction that other States had also submitted proposals.", "45. He welcomed the technical issues as recommendations. However, some of the proposals put forward may be implemented only by those countries with a considerable level of technological development and sufficient economic and military strength - in contrast to developing countries such as Cuba.", "46. Any decision relating to the implementation of the Convention and its Protocols should be within the scope of the mechanisms already in place and should be sufficiently flexible to accommodate the concerns of all parties.", "Cuba believes that the use of “best practices” as a legally binding measure could set a negative precedent in the application of international rules to prohibit or restrict other weapons. The use of “best practices” to guide mechanisms of death and destruction was inappropriate from a moral point of view and should be renamed “recommendations” of a voluntary nature.", "48. Cuba welcomed the entry into force of Protocol V, whose implementation and universalization should receive immediate attention. Cuba has initiated the constitutional process of ratification of the Protocol.", "Mr. Ösek (Turkey) said that Turkey had become a party to the Ottawa Convention on 1 March 2004 and that since then the CCW and its Protocols had entered into force for Turkey on 2 September 2005. As a result, Turkey was present at the Review Conference for the first time as a State party and is now in a position to play a more active role in achieving the objectives of the Convention.", "Mr. NENS (Norway) said that legally binding instruments on explosive remnants of war and mines other than anti-personnel mines were important for reducing civilian suffering during and after armed conflict. Norway was pleased to note that Protocol V was about to enter into force and was fully committed to its implementation. He urged all States that had not yet done so to sign and ratify the Protocol and to support initiatives to promote its universality.", "51. A growing number of States recognized that cluster munitions had indiscriminate effects and left an unacceptably high number of explosive remnants of war. He congratulated civil society on its efforts to highlight and document the human suffering caused by this ... Information on Lebanon shows the urgent need for an international instrument on cluster munitions. The instrument should focus on humanitarian aspects and clearly set out the obligations related to its implementation.", "52. With regard to mines other than anti-personnel mines, the situation of the civilian population and that of humanitarian deminers must be improved. A new legally binding protocol to the Convention on the subject must include provisions that went beyond Amended Protocol II. Provisions on detectability and active life and on transfers should form the basic pillars of the new protocol.", "Norway supported further initiatives for the universalization of the CCW and its Protocols and the establishment of a compliance mechanism. He reiterated that his Government would work constructively to make this Review Conference a success.", "54. Mr. Dube (Observer for Zimbabwe) said that Zimbabwe was eager to sign all the conventions on improving international security. Zimbabwe has signed the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-personnel Mines and on Their Destruction and participated in a campaign to end the suffering caused by anti-personnel mines, which kill and maim hundreds of people every week, mostly innocent and defenceless. Anti-personnel mines have serious implications for development and reconstruction. In the past, Zimbabwe had a border of 800 kilometres with mines, which had caused death and disability indiscriminately for many years. The adoption of the Ottawa Convention in 1997 was a major milestone, and the world is becoming more secure as a result of efforts to prohibit or restrict the use of specific conventional weapons, despite continuing conflicts. The Biological Weapons Convention was also of particular importance, and he called on all States possessing such weapons to destroy them or to ensure that they were used for peaceful purposes.", "55. Mr. Brajek (Czech Republic) said that the Eighth Annual Conference of the States Parties to the Amended Protocol on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Mines, Booby-Traps and Other Devices (Amended Protocol II) had been held in Geneva on 6 November 2006 to enable consultations and cooperation on all issues relating to the implementation of the Protocol. Fifty-eight States parties and one signatory State, 10 observer States and many United Nations agencies, international organizations and non-governmental organizations attended the meeting and submitted 43 national annual reports. The Conference considered the issue of the deferral of compliance with paragraphs 2 (b) and 3 (a) and (b) of the Technical Annex of Amended Protocol II and noted that the permitted deferral period would expire on 3 December 2007. The Conference decides that the dates and agenda of the Ninth Annual Conference in 2007 will be decided at this Review Conference. The Eighth Annual Conference concluded with an appeal to all States parties to Amended Protocol II as soon as possible and to 86 States parties to promote wider adherence to the Protocol in their region.", "56. Mr. Spori (International Committee of the Red Cross) said that over the past 11 years the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons had been expanded to cover non-international armed conflicts, blinding laser weapons had been banned and new restrictions had been imposed on mines, booby traps and similar devices. Protocol V on Explosive Remnants of War established new rules aimed at minimizing the death, injury and suffering caused by unexploded and abandoned munitions. This Review Conference provides an opportunity to review the status and operation of the Convention and its Protocols, to evaluate changes in weapons technology and the nature of armed conflict and to further strengthen international humanitarian law. ICRC urged States parties to adopt a new protocol to reduce the human cost of anti-vehicle mines and to begin developing a new instrument to address the serious and long-term consequences of the use of cluster munitions. Mines other than anti-personnel mines (MOTAPM) were the subject of extensive discussion, and ICRC documented their serious impact on civilian populations and humanitarian assistance activities. ICRC representatives have witnessed the tragic consequences of the exposure of civilian vehicles to such mines. Representatives themselves were victims of such mines. A protocol on the subject could strengthen existing rules by requiring such weapons to be detectable and of short lifespan. Such a protocol must be legally binding, must clearly prevail over the rules contained in Amended Protocol II and must be sufficiently clear to be implemented immediately to resolve problems on the ground.", "57. For more than 40 years, cluster munitions have been known to cause considerable civilian casualties during and after armed conflict. The suffering of civilians and the burden of eliminating such weapons continue to increase steadily, and the list of countries affected by these weapons increases every year. The ICRC believes that the time has come for strong international action to put an end to the predictable human tragedy model associated with cluster munitions, whose specific characteristics provide a strong case for action. ICRC called on all States to take action at the national level to end the use of inaccurate and unreliable cluster munitions, to prohibit the targeting of such munitions against any military targets in populated areas, to eliminate stockpiles of inaccurate and unreliable cluster munitions and to refrain from transferring them to other States until they were destroyed. A new international instrument was needed to address the issue of cluster munitions in a comprehensive and effective manner, and ICRC was prepared to host an international meeting of experts in early 2007 and begin to identify the content of such an agreement. The severe and disproportionate human costs associated with cluster munitions must be strictly regulated.", "58. The Review Conference played a key role in promoting the universalization and full implementation of the CCW. A total of 25 years had passed since the adoption of the Convention, and a substantive review should therefore be undertaken to consider the implementation by States of their obligations under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons, to establish national mechanisms to review the legality of new weapons and to clarify certain issues relating to Protocol IV on blinding laser weapons. In 2001, ICRC submitted a report to the Second Review Conference, in which it highlighted its concern that the prohibition of the use of bullets that could explode in the human body could be undermined by the production and proliferation of certain 12.7 mm multi-purpose bullets. The Review Conference invited States to take appropriate action. Multiple ballistic tests indicate that it can be expected that these multi-purpose bullets will explode in the human body under various circumstances, including close range and after impacting the armour. While ICRC did not propose further action at the Third Review Conference, States were invited to confirm that: In their view, the use of bullets that explode in human beings is prohibited. He urged States to incorporate the rule in their military manuals and training materials.", "59. Mr. Gérard (United Nations Mine Action Team) said that the United Nations continued to witness the humanitarian and socio-economic impact of mines and explosive remnants of war, including unexploded submunitions. In its capacity as observer of the Group of Governmental Experts, the United Nations facilitated a field-based presence and facilitated substantive discussions and negotiations among States parties. States Parties are regularly informed of humanitarian threats and other challenges posed by mines and explosive remnants of war. A recent United Nations survey of a range of field programmes had drawn particular attention to those threats and challenges, and a report commissioned by the United Nations on Albania and the Lao People ' s Democratic Republic had highlighted the socio-economic and humanitarian impact of cluster munitions.", "60. The United Nations Mine Action Team had been actively involved in the negotiations leading to the adoption of Protocol V and welcomed its imminent entry into force. The United Nations has also contributed to the development of a common understanding of the nature of cluster munitions and submunitions, calling for measures to mitigate their effects. States Parties to the CCW should make further efforts to reach an agreement on MOTAPM to ensure that all such mines are equipped with self-destruction or self-deactivation mechanisms, are detectable by commonly available technology mine detection devices, and are not equipped with anti-handling devices or sensitive fuses that can be activated by a nearby person. The United Nations Mine Action Team endorsed the Secretary-General ' s message to the current Review Conference on the need to address the inhumane effects of cluster munitions and to implement a mechanism for effective compliance and cooperation with the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons and its Protocols. He also encouraged the establishment of a sponsorship programme under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons, which would facilitate wider participation in CCW meetings, particularly for countries affected by the use of specific conventional weapons, including mines, explosive remnants of war and cluster munitions.", "61. Mr. NEYON (Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining) said that a strong commitment to humanitarian principles regulating and restricting the use of mines other than anti-personnel mines and explosive remnants of war, including cluster munitions, would be a major achievement for years to come. Mines other than anti-personnel mines pose a serious obstacle to post-war recovery and to returning refugees and other civilians, as well as to humanitarian personnel and personnel in the demining sector. He therefore hoped that States parties would work towards the adoption of a legally binding instrument addressing all the humanitarian concerns raised by the use of such mines. The Centre was prepared to contribute to the discussions, in particular on the detectability and active life of MOTAPM. The mine must be capable of detection by a metal detector, thus requiring an entire piece of iron containing 8 grams. Self-destruction or self-neutralization mechanisms should be installed with a back-up self-deactivation mechanism. If no agreement had been reached on the adoption of a new protocol, attention should be given to the implementation of Amended Protocol II, particularly with regard to mines other than anti-personnel mines.", "62. Turning to the issue of explosive remnants of war, he said he hoped that the entry into force of Protocol V would be the first step in efforts to eliminate the dangers posed by unexploded and abandoned ordnance after conflict. Efforts were still needed to encourage States to ratify the new Protocol and implement it. Further efforts should be made to establish a strong CCW compliance mechanism and ensure its effectiveness. The draft decision on a possible CCW sponsorship programme usefully sets out the general principles, objectives and operational modalities of such a programme and, in this regard, the Centre is prepared to participate if so requested.", "CONSIDERATION AND ADOPTION OF THE FINAL DOCUMENTS (agenda item 18) (CCW/CONF.III/CRP.1)", "63. The PRESIDENT drew the attention of the members of the Committee to Part I of the draft final document (CCW/CONF.III/CRP.1), which had been circulated in the conference room. The draft final document will be adopted in its entirety later in the session.", "The meeting rose at 4.55 p.m.", "[1] This record is subject to correction.", "Corrections should be submitted in one of the working languages. They should be set forth in a memorandum and also incorporated in a copy of the record. They should be sent within one week of the date of this document to the Editorial Section, room E.4108, Palais des Nations, Geneva.", "Any corrections to the records of the meetings of this Conference will be consolidated in a single corrigendum, to be issued shortly after the end of the Conference." ]

[ "2006年11月7日至17日，日内瓦", "有待研究的关于军用激光系统的问题", "德国和瑞典提出", "1. 《禁止或限制使用某些可被认为具有过分伤害力或滥杀滥伤作用的常规武器公约》(《特定常规武器公约》)关于激光致盲武器的《第四号议定书》1995年10月13日在维也纳通过。该议定书1998年7月30日生效，现有83个缔约国。《第四号议定书》第1条禁止使用和转让(未禁止发展、生产和获取)专门设计以对未用增视器材状态下的视觉器官造成永久失明的激光武器。第3条规定，属军事上合法使用激光系统的意外或连带效应的致盲不在本议定书禁止之列。第4条载有关于“永久失明”这一术语的法律定义。", "2. 按照第2条的规定，除第1条所指外，关于各种激光系统，“应采取一切可行的预防措施，避免对未用增视器材状态下的视觉器官造成永久失明。这种预防措施应包括对其武装部队的培训和其他切实措施”。《第四号议定书》生效十年来，激光技术发展迅猛，因此，现在是缔约国审查这一重要文书条款执行情况的时候了。", "3. 在此背景下，瑞典和德国代表团向《特定常规武器公约》缔约国第三次审查会议提出了一项提议(CCW/CONF.III/WP.2)，建议缔约国会议决定设立一个不限成员名额的政府专家小组，负责研究可采取何种可行的预防措施，以改进军用激光系统的设计，从而防止对未用增视器材状态下的视觉器官造成永久失明。", "有待政府专家小组研究的问题可包括：", "(一) 结合今天的各种可行措施，如何执行《第十号议定书》，以避免对未用增视器材状态下的视觉器官造成永久失明(第2条)？", "(二) 今天的军用激光系统能否有助于减少连带损害，增强逐步降低损害的能力？", "(三) 新的军用激光系统的设计或增强的实际保护措施能否有助于避免造成永久失明？(即激光护目镜、空勤人员带激光护目镜的头盔、军用车辆上的光学装置过滤器和飞机上的激光报警装置，未来可能适用于激光频带宽度的视力保护系统)", "(四) 可以请一个军事和法律专家小组提出“尖端科技水平最佳做法”，以减少军用激光系统造成连带损害，避免对未用增视器材状态下的视觉器官造成永久失明。" ]

[ "THIRD REVIEW CONFERENCE OF THESTATES PARTIES TO THE CONVENTIONON PROHIBITIONS OR RESTRICTIONSON THE USE OF CERTAINCONVENTIONAL WEAPONS WHICH MAY BEDEEMED TO BE EXCESSIVELYINJURIOUS OR TO HAVEINDISCRIMINATE EFFECTS CCW/CONF.III/WP.1010 November 2006Original: ENGLISH", "Geneva, 7-17 November 2006", "ISSUES TO BE STUDIED ON MILITARY LASER SYSTEMS", "Presented by Germany and Sweden", "1. Protocol IV on “Blinding Laser Weapons” of the “Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May be Deemed to be Excessively Injurious or to have Indiscriminate Effects” (CCW) was adopted in Vienna on October 13^(th), 1995. It entered into force on July 30^(th), 1998 and, as of today, comprises 83 contracting parties.", "Protocol IV, Article 1, prohibits the use and transfer (not the development, production and acquisition) of laser weapons specifically designed to cause permanent blindness to unenhanced vision. Article 3 specifies that blinding as an incidental or collateral effect of the legitimate military employment of laser systems is not covered by this prohibition. Article 4 contains a legal definition of the term “permanent blindness”.", "2. Under the terms of Article 2, laser systems other than those mentioned in Article 1, are subject to “all feasible precautions to avoid the incidence of permanent blindness to unenhanced vision. Such precautions shall include training of armed forces and other practical measures.”", "Due to the fact that laser technology has been dynamically developing in the decade since the coming into force of Protocol IV, time has come for the High Contracting Parties to review the implementation and the provisions of this important instrument.", "3. Against this background the Delegations of Sweden and Germany are submitting to the 3^(rd) Review Conference of the State Parties to the CCW a proposal (CCW/CONF.III/WP.2) that it decide to establish an open-ended Group of Governmental Experts to study feasible precautions which could be taken with a view to improving the design of military laser systems in order to avoid the incidence of permanent blindness to unenhanced vision.", "Issues to be studied by the GGE could include the following:", "(i) How is Protocol IV implemented with regard to today’s feasible precautions to avoid the incident of permanent blindness to unenhanced vision (Article 2)?", "(ii) Can today’s military laser systems help reduce collateral damage and enhance the capabilities to deescalate?", "(iii) Could new designs of military laser systems or enhanced protective practical measures help to avoid the incidence of permanent blindness? (i.e. laser protection goggles, helmet with laser protection visor for aircrews, filter for optical devices in army vehicles and laser warning devices for aircrafts; possible future eyesight protection system applicable to a larger bandwidth)", "(iv) A Military and Legal Expert Group could be asked to introduce “state of the art best practises” in order to reduce collateral damage and avoid the incidence of permanent blindness to unenhanced vision by military laser systems." ]

[ "Geneva, 7-17 November 2006", "Issues to be studied on military laser systems", "Submitted by Germany and Sweden", "1. Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects (CCW) Protocol IV on Blinding Laser Weapons was adopted in Vienna on 13 October 1995. The Protocol entered into force on 30 July 1998 and now has 83 States parties. Article 1 of Protocol IV prohibits the use and transfer (without prohibiting the development, production and acquisition) of laser weapons specially designed to cause permanent blindness to unused visual organs. Article 3 provides that blindness, which is the unintended or associated effect of the legitimate military use of laser systems, is not prohibited by this Protocol. Article 4 contains a legal definition of the term “permanent blindness”.", "In accordance with Article 2, in the case of laser systems other than those referred to in Article 1, “all feasible precautions shall be taken to avoid permanent blindness to visual organs in the state of non-utilized vision. Such preventive measures shall include training and other practical measures for their armed forces”. With the rapid development of laser technology in the 10 years since Protocol IV had entered into force, it was time for States parties to review the implementation of the provisions of that important instrument.", "Against this background, the delegations of Sweden and Germany submitted a proposal to the Third Review Conference of the States Parties to the CCW (CCW/CONF.III/WP.2) recommending that the Meeting of the States Parties decide to establish an open-ended Group of Governmental Experts to study possible preventive measures to improve the design of military laser systems, thus preventing permanent blindness to visual organs in non-utilized visual condition.", "Issues to be studied by the Group of Governmental Experts could include:", "(i) How can Protocol X be implemented in the context of today ' s range of feasible measures to avoid permanent blindness to unused visual organs (art. 2)?", "(ii) Can today's military laser systems help to reduce collateral damage and enhance the ability to gradually reduce damage?", "(iii) Can the design or enhancement of practical protection measures for new military laser systems help to avoid permanent blindness? (i.e. laser goggles, helmets of aircrews with laser goggles, optical filters on military vehicles and laser alarms on aircraft, which may be applicable to future sight protection systems for laser bandwidth)", "(iv) A group of military and legal experts could be asked to propose “best practices at the state-of-the-art level” to reduce the collateral damage caused by military laser systems and to avoid permanent blindness to visual organs in the state of non-utilized vision." ]

[ "2006年11月7日至17日，日内瓦", "预期民事损害和相称性衡量――战争遗留爆炸物的 中期至长期后果应在何种程度上纳入相称性评估 [1]", "澳大利亚墨尔本大学亚洲太平洋军事法中心编写 应战争遗留爆炸物问题协调员要求提交", "一、导 言", "1. 2006年3月，亚洲太平洋军事法中心为1980年《禁止或限制使用某些可被认为具有过分伤害力或滥杀滥伤作用的常规武器公约》(《特定常规武器公约》)缔约国政府专家小组(政府专家小组)第十三届会议战争遗留爆炸物问题工作组编写了《关于缔约国对国际人道主义法问题单的答复的报告》(《报告》)。", "2. 97%的答复国认为，相称性规则与使用可能造成战争遗留爆炸物的弹药相关。[2] 该规则获得绝大多数国家的认可，表明它在目标和武器选择问题上是左右缔约国决定的一项重要义务，其中包括选择使用可能造成战争遗留爆炸物的武器。", "3. 很多国家的答复凸显出这样一个问题：是否应该要求军事指挥官在进行相称性评估时考虑到战争遗留爆炸物给平民群体和民用物体造成的预期长期损害。关于这个问题，国际上仍有争论。一些政府专家和法学家认为，长期影响过于遥远，无法评估，因而不应纳入考虑范围。而另一方面，其他政府专家、法学家以及国际组织和非政府组织则认为，战争遗留爆炸物对于平民群体的长期损害是可以预见的，并且在历次冲突中均可以看出其灾难性后果，因而务必要将战争遗留爆炸物的短期和长期影响同时纳入相称性衡量。", "4. 自从建立国际刑事法院以及对军事行动开展更加严格的审查以来，对相称性原则适用情况进行评估的重要性日益突出。问题不仅涉及到国际刑事法院是否将审判被控违反相称性原则的军事指挥官，而且国际社会日益希望冲突各方能够遵守国际人道主义法，并呼吁在发觉未能遵守法律的情况下追究责任。《罗马规约》的多个缔约国已经颁布法令，将《规约》规定的各项罪行纳入本国刑法，遵守本国刑法义务是各国军人的最高职责。即便是《罗马规约》的非缔约国也制订了本国军人必须遵守的国内刑法义务。", "5. 对于国际人道主义法问题单的一些答复体现出，应该进一步讨论预期长期损害和相称性衡量问题。为此，亚洲太平洋军事法中心被要求编写本文件，分析关于可预见性和相称性规则的讨论。", "6. 澳大利亚墨尔本大学亚洲太平洋军事法中心(中心)感谢新西兰外交贸易部和澳大利亚国防部为本文件的编写工作提供财政支持，同时希望首先表明，本文件表达的意见仅代表中心的观点，不代表新西兰或澳大利亚政府的观点。此外，中心还要感谢日内瓦国际人道主义排雷中心和地雷行动(联合王国)对文件草稿发表的意见。但文件定本不代表上述组织的观点。", "二、相称性", "A. 了解相称性规则", "7. 冲突各方必须确保平民群体和民用物体在武装冲突中得到尊重和保护，这是国际人道主义法的基本规则。冲突各方在任何时候都必须区别对待平民群体和战斗人员以及民用物体和军事目标。军事行动只能针对军事目标。这项基本规则被纳入1949年日内瓦四公约1977年《第一附加议定书》第四十八条，[3] 同时作为一项国际习惯法准则，适用于武装冲突各方，无论其是否属于《第一附加议定书》缔约方。依据这项基本规则，在武装冲突期间蓄意攻击平民/或平民财产的行为属于战争罪行。", "8. 国际人道主义法允许攻击军事目标，但禁止对军事目标和民用物体不加区别的一切攻击行为。此类攻击被称为“不分皂白”的攻击，其中包括：不以特定军事目标为攻击对象；使用的作战方法或手段不以特定军事目标为对象；或者，使用的作战方法或手段将导致国际人道主义法所禁止的后果。禁止发动不分皂白的攻击的禁令被纳入《第一附加议定书》第五十一条第4款，同时也作为习惯国际法准则得到认可。同蓄意攻击平民和/或平民财产一样，发动不分皂白的攻击也属于战争罪。", "9. 在攻击合法军事目标的过程中，可能会附带造成平民生命损伤和/或平民财产损害，这一点在法律上得到认可。国际人道主义法明确规定了相称性准则，用于确定攻击是否合法，目的是为可以接受的附带平民伤亡情况设置限度。这项准则明确禁止：", "可能附带使平民生命受损失、平民受伤害、平民物体受损害或三种情形均有而且与预期的具体和直接军事利益相比损害过分的攻击。", "10. 相称性规则作为习惯国际法得到认可，并在《红十字委员会习惯法研究》中有所体现。[4] 该规则被纳入《第一附加议定书》第五十一条第5款b项，并由第五十七条第2款给予重申。《特定常规武器公约》关于使用地雷、诱杀装置和其他装置经修正后的第二号议定书第3条第8款承认相称性义务。此外，国际刑事法院《罗马规约》也载有此项禁令，但另外要求附带损失达到“显然”过分的程度才予以禁止，规定凡违反此项法规者即构成战争罪行，应追究违法者的刑事责任。[5]", "11. 应该指出，相称性作为一项普遍原则，出现在多种不同文本中，其中既涉及到关于诉诸武力的国际法律规范(诉诸战争权)，也涉及到关于开展军事行动的国际法律规范(战时法)。从本文件的目的出发，重点是阐述攻击合法军事目标附带造成民事损害的相称性规则。相称性规则的基本原理是限制对平民群体的伤害，不适用于战斗人员和军事目标。假如攻击针对军事目标，不会造成预期的平民生命损失或平民财产损害，则不可适用此项相称性规则。但这并不意味着军事指挥官有权无限度使用武力。冲突一方选择作战方式或方法的权利受到制约，这一条适用于任何情况。", "B. 适用相称性规则", "12. 多项法律文书关于相称性规则的阐述明确要求军事指挥官在策划攻击时开展相称性评估。此外，假如攻击策划完成之后情况有变，显然可能违反相称性规则，则要求取消或者暂缓攻击。[6]", "13. 制订相称性准则在一定程度上有利于军事指挥官。对军事指挥官的评判标准不是以攻击所实现的实际军事利益为基准来事后评估平民生命损失和/或平民财产损失的实际情况；而是将攻击所实现的预期军事利益同平民生命损失和/或民事财产损失的预期情况进行比较。军事指挥官必须依据发动攻击时能够得到的信息做出决定。[7] 不能依据攻击之后得到的信息对指挥官的决定进行事后评判。", "14. Al Firdus掩体案例表明正确检验相称性规则的重要性。1991年海湾战争期间，美国军方认为Al Firdus掩体属于合法的军事目标。美方称，该掩体经过伪装，四周布有带刺铁丝网，出入口由武装哨兵守卫。军事指挥官依据行动策划者收集的情报，做出评估认为，该掩体为合法军事目标，并应用相称性规则，确定附带民事损害同军事利益相比不为过分。该目标遭到轰炸。不幸的是，事后得知该掩体不仅具备军事功能，而且有平民在夜间在掩体内睡觉，攻击造成三百名平民死亡。[8]", "15. 美国当局认为，当时得到的情报使得军事指挥官做出合理的评估，认为该目标属于合法军事目标，平民生命和/或平民财产的预期损失同预期军事利益相比很小，因而没有违反国际人道主义法。不能根据攻击导致的平民生命实际损失情况来评判军事指挥官发动攻击的决定是否合法。合法的检验标准是平民生命的预期损失情况，军事指挥官在不了解该掩体的民事用途的情况下，没有违反相称性规则。", "C. 相称性和战争遗留爆炸物", "16. 在讨论因未爆炸而造成战争遗留爆炸物问题的子弹药时，常常引述相称性规则。[9]", "17. 有三种方式可以产生战争遗留爆炸物：遗弃爆炸物；爆炸物在命中目标时未能引爆；以及通过设计故意使之不爆炸并保持可操作性的爆炸物。后者包括杀伤人员地雷、水雷、诱杀装置和其他类似装置。[10] 使用上述武器须遵守额外的法律规范，因此，在《特定常规武器公约》的框架内，关于战争遗留爆炸物问题的讨论重点不是这一类特定的战争遗留爆炸物，本文件也不分析使用此类武器发动攻击的相称性规则适用问题。上文提及的战争遗留爆炸物的第一种来源――遗弃的爆炸物――不会用于军事攻击，因而不在相称性规则适用范围之列。因此，关于相称性规则的全部讨论重点将是在如下情况下在攻击当中使用爆炸物的问题：部分爆炸物未能爆炸，因此造成战争遗留爆炸物的直接损害和长期损害。", "18. 负责选择武器的军方策划人员必须了解预定武器的性质、即将部署的弹药数量以及相关武器选择和部署数量的预期后果。某些军队针对预期的附带民事损害进行模式分析，以便提供信息，协助军事指挥官遵守相称性规则。无论这种模式分析是否属于日常工作，重要的是要求军事指挥官在何种程度上将未爆炸弹药的预期附带民事损害纳入相称性分析。", "三、反对将战争遗留爆炸物的中期及 长期后果纳入考虑范围的意见", "19. 2002年，克里斯托弗·格林伍德教授提出，有太多因素无法在相关时刻进行评估，因此，只有战争遗留爆炸物的直接风险才能够纳入相称性衡量。他指出，相称性检验必须以军事指挥官在发动攻击时能够得到的信息为基础：", "例如，如果对已知有平民的地区内的军事目标使用集束炸弹，则在衡量是否过分时可要求必须考虑到在袭击时子弹药的爆炸对平民的危险和袭击之后数小时内未爆炸的子弹药的危险。然而，如果要求必须考虑到战争遗留爆炸物造成的长期危险，尤其是在冲突结束之后或平民已返回逃离地区之后战争遗留爆炸物可能造成的危险，则是一个完全不同的问题。这一危险的程度引出的许多因素，在袭击时是无法评估的，例如：是否以及何时允许平民返回某一地区，控制这一地区的一方必须采取哪些步骤清除未爆炸的弹药；该方对保护平民应给予何等优先重视等等。在衡量是否过分时，必须基于袭击时可合理获得的信息。而此时，对于在袭击产生立即后果之后战争遗留爆炸物造成的危险，因过于遥远而无法评估。", "20. 威廉·布思比在阐释格林伍德的观点时说：“(他)指出指挥官必须以能够得到的信息作为决策基础，在已知有平民的地区，战争遗留爆炸物在攻击之后的直接风险也可以纳入考虑范围，但此后的风险过于遥远，在当时无法进行评估。”[11]", "21. 布思比进一步指出，下达攻击命令的指挥官将就如下“明确因素”进行相称性分析：", "攻击能够实现的预期军事利益，……对于村庄内已知民用建筑及其内部物品的预期损害，……无论是否知道有平民留在村里，以及平民在攻击过程当中以及攻击之后短期内可能遭受的预期损害，其中包括未爆炸的弹药造成的损害。", "22. 他指出，不应将是否存在战争遗留爆炸物的长期风险以及风险程度纳入相称性评估，因为这些因素要取决于如下变量：平民群体是否希望早日返回村庄；他们的早日返回能否得到允许；民事当局能否切实影响平民群体的行为；返回村庄的平民比例以及确切时间；在平民群体获准返回之前，控制这一地区的一方是否根据《第五号议定书》规定的准则，对未爆炸弹药做出标记并予以清除；是否根据《第五号议定书》的规定，针对平民群体开展战争遗留爆炸物危险性宣传教育；平民群体是否注意并履行相关建议；以及，平民群体中的特定成员是否将接触到“哑弹”，从而引发爆炸。[12]", "23. 作者在此乐于承认，不应要求军事指挥官将“未知因素”纳入考虑范围，只有特定攻击的预期后果才能纳入相称性评估。攻击造成的任何非预期因素显然不应纳入相称性评估。格林伍德和布思比之间没有重大分歧，但问题是，在开展相称性评估时，能否像他们那样将形成战争遗留爆炸物的武器给平民群体造成的预期长期后果绝对排除在外。", "24. 布思比在谈到相称性和可行预防措施原则的关系时指出：", "相称性原则的核心是预期，预期不同于合理的可预见性。某个结果或许是可以预见的，但并不是所期望的。为避免出现这样的结果，可以采取预防措施，但此类结果仍有可能出现，尽管并非期望，而且可能性极低。因此，必须将此类结果视为合理的可预见结果，但绝非预期结果。", "25. 布思比利用“合理的可预见结果”同并非期望、可能性小但“可能出现”的结果进行衡量。相比之下，他认为“预期”结果是期望看到并且可能性大的结果。本文件当然地认为，将“预想”的具体和直接军事利益同何种含义的“预期”附带平民生命损失或平民财产损害进行权衡，是讨论的核心问题。", "四、支持将战争遗留爆炸物的中期及 长期后果纳入考虑范围的意见", "A. “预期”民事损害的含义", "26. 格林伍德和布思比都指出，有若干因素军事指挥官在相关时刻无法进行评估。正如上文指出，这其中包括：是否防止平民进入该地区以及是否按照《第五号议定书》清除未爆炸弹药。", "27. 军事指挥官在决定是否下令发动攻击时，对于上述问题或许没有确切的答案。但指挥官必须考虑到能够得到的信息，以便做出合理的判断。查尔斯·加拉维在论述相称性规则时指出：“没有任何数学公式可循，需要[指挥官]根据相关时刻能够合理获得的信息进行真诚评估。”[13] 一旦考虑在平民居住区或已知有平民往来的地区使用可能造成战争遗留爆炸物的武器，在评估预期民事损害时必须考虑到国际组织及非政府组织撰写的多份报告和研究论文的一致结论，其中很多文章提供了未爆炸弹药的比例数据以及这些未爆炸弹药给平民群体造成的影响。大量相关信息不仅应该用来推测命中目标后爆炸的弹药所造成的预期民事损害，还应该用来测算预期未爆炸弹药造成的预期民事损害。显然，弹药使用数量越多，未爆炸的弹药(或子弹药)的数量就越多，攻击造成的战争遗留爆炸物问题也就越严重，对于附近地区平民群体的威胁也就越大。", "28. 《联合王国武装冲突法手册》在论述相称性规则时指出：", "要确定一场攻击是否属于不分皂白的攻击，还必须考虑到攻击的可预见影响。在这个问题上，目标的特性可以作为考虑因素之一。例如，计划对军事燃料库发动定点轰炸，但可预见的风险是燃烧的燃料可能流入平民居住区，造成相对于预期军事利益而言过分的平民伤亡，这种附带损害过分的轰炸就属于不分皂白的非法轰炸。[14]", "29. 根据这项指导方针，被格林伍德和布思比认为“无法评估”的某些因素同样可以列入考虑范围。具体事例所考虑的因素可能有所不同，例如平民返回的比例和时间，以及燃烧的燃料在达到平民居住区之前是否已经部分或全部熄灭。但《武装冲突法手册》指出，这种情况可能属于“不分皂白的非法”攻击案例。有意思的是，《手册》使用“可预见的风险”作为预期附带民事损害的检验标准，而没有使用布思比的习惯用语――“期望和可能”的影响。", "30. 假如布思比是正确的，“预期”民事损害不仅仅限于可能性，但只能包括“期望和可能”的结果，一旦特定攻击造成非期望的结果，军事指挥官就可以不必为做出相关决定而承担责任。在这种情况下，责任限度可能过高。如果说“预期”不仅代表可能性，但“预期”显然也不能等同于“意图”。依据刑法，假如被告本无意造成某种特定结果，但对于相关结果的出现未能给予审慎关注，这种情况即为鲁莽草率。鲁莽草率取决于违法者的主观意识，是衡量刑事责任的另一项标准，不同于标准略低的过失。相比之下，过失更多地取决于“合理的可预见性”的客观标准。军事指挥官或许不愿看到武器选择和具体目标选择所造成的特定结果，但责任问题不仅涉及到指挥官的期望，还要包括因指挥官鲁莽行事而造成的预期结果。", "B. 预期长期军事利益", "31. 军事策划人员和指挥官通常不仅会考虑到预期短期军事利益，同时也会顾及长期军事利益。这种倾向在黎巴嫩南部近期冲突当中表现得很明显。特派团成员在提交给联合国人权理事会的报告中指出：", "一位政府官员承认，使用集束炸弹部分是为了防止真主党战士在停火后返回这些村庄。[15]", "32. 根据预期哑弹率蓄意选用集束弹药，遗留数量充足的未爆炸子弹药，以阻止敌方战斗人员进入目标地区，完全可能产生预期的具体、直接的军事利益。这种预期利益为中、长期利益，不同于攻击的直接结果所获得的预期利益，而是通过没有爆炸的子弹药产生的日后影响。因此，在开展必要的相称性评估时必然也应该考虑到预期的中长期民事损害。军事指挥官应该料到，目标地区的某些平民群体将试图返回村庄，重新耕种农田，同未爆炸子弹药的接触将不可避免地造成附带民事损害。相称性评估很可能得出如下结论：预期军事利益高于预期民事损害。但重要的是，必须将预期民事损害考虑在内。利用长期的时间框架来评判预期军事利益，而将预期民事损害估量限定在攻击直接影响之内的做法，是不能接受的。", "33. 特派团成员在提交给联合国人权理事会的报告中指出：", "由于这些[集束炸弹]场所常常位于民用建筑区或农业区，对平民群体的长期影响本来应该是很明显的。[16]", "34. 很多国家在签署《第一附加议定书》时就第五十一条至第五十八条的解释问题发表声明，其大意如下：“攻击的预期军事利益是指通过整体攻击行动获取的预期利益，而非攻击的孤立或特定部分所获取的预期利益。”[17] 军方从广义上阐释预期的具体、直接军事利益，但对于“预期附带平民伤亡、平民财产损失以及上述几种情况同时出现”则采用严格的解释方法，这是可以理解的。[18] 这种解释方法或许有说服力，但得不到相称性原则的任何支持。既然攻击造成的中、长期民事损害属于预期结果，在开展相称性衡量时就应该将相关损害考虑在内，如同将整个战场的军事利益考虑在内一样。", "35. 未爆炸弹药将给平民群体造成长期不利后果，这一概念已经得到广泛认可，并成为《渥太华公约》全体缔约国公认的原则。在《公约》序言部分，缔约国表示：", "决心终止杀伤人员地雷所造成的痛苦和伤亡，它们每星期杀死或残害数以百计的人，大多数是非武装的无辜平民，特别是儿童，妨碍经济发展和重建，阻止难民遣返和国内流离失所者重返家园，并在布设后多年仍会引起其他严重后果。[19]", "36. 日内瓦国际人道主义排雷中心认为，序言的这一部分反映出缔约国默认“相称性属于长期问题”。[20]", "37. 这并不是说预期中、长期民事损害同预期军事利益相比必然或不可避免地属于过分之列。相反，本文件认为，在衡量相称性时，对于平民群体的预期长期影响以及预期直接影响和短期影响都应该考虑在内 。", "38. 近几年来，由于各方一直在讨论战争遗留爆炸物问题，国际组织和非政府组织着手研究战争遗留爆炸物特别是集束弹药对于平民群体的危害。现有大量资料证实，在使用弹药的数量、哑弹率与平民生命损失和/或平民财产损害之间有着直接关系。", "五、关于战争遗留爆炸物中、长期影响的实地数据", "39. 中心认为，以往的冲突数据有助于相称性评估了解未来可能出现的影响。要确定可能造成战争遗留爆炸物的武器给平民生命或民用物体造成的预期损害，一定要考虑到此类武器以往造成的各种影响。", "40. 针对造成战争遗留爆炸物的武器给平民造成的危害，国际组织和非政府组织开展了广泛研究，并分析了确定此类危害的各种因素。", "41. 例如，联合国裁军研究所(裁研所)得出结论认为：", "现行国际人道主义法能否有效处理使用集束弹药的问题，仍然引发各方关切。公民社会、非政府组织和国际组织日益呼吁针对集束弹药的人道主义影响采取措施，各国也正在采取行动。与此同时，关于使用集束弹药给平民群体造成的短期和长期影响的文献日益增多。[21]", "42. 多篇研究论文分析了多起冲突的数据，均表明战争遗留爆炸物对于平民的危害。报告分析了以下国家和地区的冲突数据：阿富汗、阿尔巴尼亚、波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那、柬埔寨、乍得、车臣/俄罗斯联邦、克罗地亚、厄立特里亚、埃塞俄比亚、伊拉克、科索沃、科威特、老挝人民民主共和国、黑山、摩洛哥、沙特阿拉伯、塞尔维亚、塞拉里昂、黎巴嫩南部、苏丹、叙利亚、塔吉克斯坦和越南。[22] 这些报告不约而同地断定，部署在居民区或农业区的大量未爆炸子弹药将不可避免地造成民事损害。", "43. 上述历次冲突期间的特定军事攻击情况当然不尽相同。此外，即便是同一类武器的哑弹率也有差别，不同种类武器的差别更大。例如，裁研所的报告指出：", "多国部队(中心)的联合王国爆炸性弹药处理机构发现，BLU97型集束炸弹的哑弹率是7.1%，BL755型子弹药的哑弹率估计为11.8%。在答复英国议会的书面问题时，BL755型子弹药的哑弹率被说成是6%。此外，其他研究发现BLU97型集束炸弹和BL755型子弹药的哑弹率为20%。在科威特，MK118型集束炸弹的哑弹率高达30%至40%；在科索沃，各类集束子弹药的总哑弹率在5%至30%之间；在阿尔巴尼亚，北约子弹药的总哑弹率在20%至25%之间(不同类型的弹药平均留下30到60枚未爆炸的子炸弹)；南斯拉夫(塞尔维亚)弹药的哑弹率在30%至35%之间(平均每枚炸弹留下80到100枚未爆炸的子炸弹)。应该指出的是，阿尔巴尼亚的排雷人员在被问及集束子弹药的哑弹率时极不愿做出具体说明。[23]", "44. 历次冲突情况各不相同，特定子弹药的哑弹率也不尽相同，但这些研究均发现了某些共性。未爆炸子弹药作为在居民区或农业地区广泛使用子弹药的惯常遗留物，必然会造成民事损害。近日，集束弹药在黎巴嫩南部的使用情况令人触目惊心。有报告指出，未爆炸子弹药严重污染了居民区和农田，提高了平民伤亡风险。", "六、结 论", "45. 本文件主要是论述相称性评估当中的预期民事损害，但本文件无意给读者造成这样的印象：国际人道主义法的其他原则同可能造成战争遗留爆炸物的武器的使用问题无关。正如问题单的答复国指出，区别对待原则、禁止发动不分皂白的攻击、在攻击当中采取预防措施的义务、保护环境免受广泛、长期、不利影响的义务以及禁止使用可能造成过度杀伤或不必要的痛苦的武器都是非常重要的国际法律义务，此前的报告[24] 也曾就此进行广泛论述。", "46. 中心认为，假如在居民区或农业地区使用已知其故障率(哑弹率)很高的武器，将不可避免地造成某些民事损害。从以往冲突当中收集的各项数据均证实了这一观点。尽管无从知晓未爆炸的弹药或子弹药的确切数量，也无法预测平民伤亡的确切人数，但这并不意味着无法预测未爆炸弹药造成的民事损害。使用此类武器必然会损害平民财产，造成平民死亡，在进行相称性评估时必须将相关民事损害考虑在内。", "47. 未爆炸弹药必然造成民事损害的情况在黎巴嫩南部依然层出不穷，这是最近的实例。中心同意黎巴嫩和以色列特派团成员在提交给联合国人权理事会的报告中提出的结论意见，黎巴嫩南部的未爆炸子弹药预期将给平民居民造成有害影响：", "……对使用集束炸弹所提出的理由是，这些炸弹是对付真主党导弹发射场所的最有效的武器。从理论上说，这一证据符合使用杀伤人员集束炸弹的军事理由，其破坏半径可达足球场大小，因而能够使移动式火箭弹发射器无效。……集束弹药撒布的子弹药故障率很高，以色列没有理由不知道这一事实。实际上，做出这种决定的目的是针对有大量平民居住的地区广泛散布小型和不稳定的爆炸物。[25]", "[1] 墨尔本大学法学院亚洲太平洋军事法中心蒂姆·麦科马克教授和帕拉姆迪普·姆撒鲁女士编写。", "[2] 亚洲太平洋军事法中心，《关于缔约国对问题单的答复的报告》，2006年3月，增编1,第2页。", "[3] 1949年8月12日日内瓦四公约关于保护国际性武装冲突受难者的附加议定书，1977年6月8日开放签字，第1125页，《联合国条约汇编》第3卷(1978年12月7日生效)(《第一附加议定书》)。", "[4] 见《习惯国际人道主义法研究》(2005年)，第一卷：规则，规则14, 第46页，Jean-Marie Henckaerts和Louise Doswald-Beck编辑。", "[5] 《国际刑事法院罗马规约》，1998年7月17日开放签字，第2178页，联合国条约汇编第3卷(2002年7月1日生效)。", "[6] 《第一附加议定书》第五十七条第２款b项，这是习惯国际法的规则之一，因此对非《第一议定书》缔约国同样具有约束力。", "[7] 阿尔及利亚、澳大利亚、奥地利、比利时、加拿大、埃及、德国、爱尔兰、意大利、荷兰、新西兰、西班牙以及联合王国都发表过类似声明。", "[8] 美国陆军夏洛茨维尔陆军军法署署长学校，《作战法手册》(2001年)，第9页。", "[9] Louis Maresca, 《集束弹药：制订具体规范》(2006年)，联合国裁军研究所，《裁军论坛》，第29页。", "[10] 此清单并非详尽无遗。", "[11] 威廉·H. 布思比，《集束炸弹：能否制订新的法律？》(HPCR系列专题论文之五，美国哈佛大学人道主义政策与冲突研究方案，2005年秋季)，第30页。", "[12] 威廉·H. 布思比，《集束炸弹：能否制订新的法律？》(HPCR系列专题论文之五，美国哈佛大学人道主义政策与冲突研究方案，2005年秋季)，第31页。", "[13] 查尔斯·加拉维，《现行法律如何处理战争遗留爆炸物问题？》，CCW/GGE/XII/ WG.1/WP.15 (2005年12月15日)。", "[14] 联合王国国防部，《武装冲突法手册》(2006年)，第5.33.4段。", "[15] 联合国大会，人权理事会，法外处决、即审即决或任意处决问题特别报告员Philip Alston、人人有权享有最佳身心健康问题特别报告员Paul Hunt、负责国内流离失所者人权问题的秘书长代表Walter Kälin、适足生活水准权所含适足住房及在此方面不受歧视权问题特别报告员Miloon Kothari的报告，访问黎巴嫩(2006年9月7日至14日)，联合国文件A/HRC/2/7,第55段和第56段。", "[16] 联合国大会，人权理事会，黎巴嫩特派团(2006年9月7日至14日)，联合国文件A/HRC/2/7,第55段和第56段。", "[17] 此句引自意大利关于签署第一和第二附加议定书的声明，1986年2月27日，发表于Adam Roberts和Richard Guelff(编辑)，《战争法文献》(2000年)，第506-507页。", "[18] Virgil Wiebe, 《水滴石穿：国家和制造商对于集束弹药及战争遗留爆炸物的人道主义影响负有责任》 (法律研究论文丛书，托马斯大学法学院，2004年)，第14页。", "[19] 《关于禁止使用、储存、生产和转让杀伤人员地雷及销毁此种地雷的公约》，序言第一段，1997年9月18日开放签字， 36 ILM 1507 (1999年3月1日生效)(《渥太华地雷公约》)。", "[20] 排雷中心的观点，摘自：排雷中心，《关于缔约国对问卷的答复、国际人道主义法和战争遗留爆炸物的报告：日内瓦国际人道主义排雷中心的评论》，2006年3月1日，第2页。", "[21] 联合国裁军研究所，Rosy Cave、Anthea Lawson和Andrew Sherriff, 《阿尔巴尼亚和老挝人民民主共和国的集束弹药：人道主义和社会经济影响》，裁研所，2006年，第2页。", "[22] 见国际残疾人协会，《致命的足迹：集束弹药全球人类影响初步报告》，2006年11月；人权观察社，《集束弹药，伊拉克可预见的危害》，人权观察社简报，2003年3月； Thomas Nash, 《可预见的危害：2006年黎巴嫩的集束弹药使用情况及其影响》，地雷行动(联合王国)报告，2006年10月；人权观察社，《2006年7月至8月以色列在黎巴嫩使用集束弹药情况初探》，(Steve Goose 提交给2006年8月30日在日内瓦召开的《特定常规武器公约》政府专家小组第十五届会议的简报)；人权观察社，《集束弹药：预防战争遗留爆炸物和保护平民的措施》(《特定常规武器公约》战争遗留爆炸物问题政府专家小组代表团备忘录，2003年3月10日至14日，日内瓦) ；地雷行动(联合王国)，《战争遗留爆炸物：未爆炸弹药和冲突后社会》(2002年)；Richard Moyes和Thomas Nash, 《黎巴嫩的集束弹药》，地雷行动(联合王国)报告(2005年)。", "[23] 联合国裁军研究所，Rosy Cave、Anthea Lawson和Andrew Sherriff, 《阿尔巴尼亚和老挝人民民主共和国的集束弹药：人道主义和社会经济影响》，裁研所，2006年，第10页。相关资料经地雷行动(联合王国)的Richard Moyes在《Richard Moyes评论》一文中得到证实，《M85型子弹药检测》，2006年8月。", "[24] 亚洲太平洋军事法中心，《关于缔约国对问卷答复的报告》，2006年3月。", "[25] 联合国大会，人权理事会，黎巴嫩特派团(2006年9月7日至14日)，联合国文件A/HRC/2/7。" ]

[ "THIRD REVIEW CONFERENCE OF THESTATES PARTIES TO THE CONVENTIONON PROHIBITIONS OR RESTRICTIONSON THE USE OF CERTAINCONVENTIONAL WEAPONS WHICH MAY BEDEEMED TO BE EXCESSIVELYINJURIOUS OR TO HAVEINDISCRIMINATE EFFECTS CCW/CONF.III/WP.915 November 2006Original: ENGLISH", "Geneva, 7-17 November 2006", "EXPECTED CIVILIAN DAMAGE AND THE PROPORTIONALITY EQUATION — TO WHAT EXTENT SHOULD THE MID TO LONGER TERM CONSEQUENCES OF EXPLOSIVE REMNANTS OF WAR BE TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION IN THE PROPORTIONALITY ASSESSMENT[1]", "Prepared by the Asia Pacific Centre for Military Law, University of Melbourne, Australia, and presented at the request of the Coordinator on ERW", "I. Introduction", "1. In March 2006 the Asia Pacific Centre for Military Law prepared the Report on States Parties’ Responses to the IHL Questionnaire (‘the Report’) for the working group on explosive remnants of war in the thirteenth session of the Group of Governmental Experts (‘GGE’) of the States Parties to the 1980 Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects (‘CCW’).", "2. The rule on proportionality was identified by 97 per cent of Respondent States as of relevance to the use of munitions that may result in explosive remnants of war (‘ERW’).[2] Such an overwhelming level of acknowledgement is indicative of the view that proportionality is a key obligation affecting States’ decisions on target and weapons selection — including in relation to the choice of weapons likely to cause ERW.", "3. A number of State responses highlighted the issue of whether a military commander is required to consider the expected longer term harm caused to the civilian population and civilian objects as a result of ERW when undertaking the proportionality assessment. This question remains a matter of debate internationally. Some government experts and legal scholars argue that long term effects cannot be taken into account because they are too remote and therefore incapable of assessment. On the other side of the debate other governmental experts, legal scholars, and international and non-governmental organisations argue the importance of factoring both the short and longer term effects of ERW into the proportionality equation because the harmful effects on the civilian population are foreseeable and have been demonstrated in successive conflicts to have devastating consequences.", "4. Assessments of the application of the proportionality equation have taken on greater significance since the establishment of the International Criminal Court and the increasing scrutiny of the conduct of military operations. The issue is not so much whether the International Criminal Court will try military commanders for alleged violations of the proportionality equation but rather an increased international expectation that parties to a conflict will comply with International Humanitarian Law and calls for accountability in the face of perceived failures to comply with the law. Many States Parties to the Rome Statute have enacted implementing legislation to incorporate the crimes in the Statute into their own domestic criminal law and it is compliance with domestic criminal law obligations that is uppermost in the minds of national militaries. Even non-States Parties to the Rome Statute have domestic criminal law obligations with which their military must comply.", "5. A number of responses to the IHL Questionnaire highlighted the need for further discussions on the issue of expected longer term harm and the proportionality equation. As a result, the Asia Pacific Centre for Military Law has been asked to prepare this paper examining the debate surrounding foreseeability and the rule on proportionality.", "6. The Asia Pacific Centre for Military Law, University of Melbourne, Australia (‘the Centre’) gratefully acknowledges the financial support of the New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade and the Australian Department of Defence in the preparation of this paper but wishes to state at the outset that the views expressed in this paper are those of the Centre alone and do not necessarily reflect the position of either the New Zealand or Australian Governments. The Centre is also grateful to the Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining, and Landmine Action (UK) for their comments on a draft version of this paper. However the final paper does not necessarily reflect the views of either of these organisations.", "II. Proportionality", "A. Understanding the rule on proportionality", "7. It is a basic rule of International Humanitarian Law that the parties to a conflict must ensure respect for, and the protection of, the civilian population and civilian objects in an armed conflict. Parties must at all times distinguish between the civilian population and combatants and between civilian objects and military objectives. Military operations must only be directed at military objectives. This basic rule is incorporated in Article 48 of Protocol I of 1977 Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 1949,[3] but also applies as a rule of customary international law to all parties to armed conflicts whether or not they are party to Additional Protocol I. On the basis of this fundamental rule, the wilful targeting of civilians or civilian property in armed conflict is a war crime.", "8. International Humanitarian Law allows attacks on military objectives but prohibits any attack which fails to discriminate between military objectives and civilian objectives. Such attacks are labelled ‘indiscriminate’ and include attacks: not directed at specific military objectives; which employ means or methods of combat which cannot be directed at specific military objectives; or which employ means or methods of combat producing effects otherwise prohibited by international humanitarian law. The prohibition on indiscriminate attacks is incorporated in Article 51(4) of Additional Protocol I but is also an accepted rule of customary international law. Again, the perpetration of an indiscriminate attack, like the wilful targeting of civilians and/or civilian property, also constitutes a war crime.", "9. It is accepted as a matter of law that in directing attacks at legitimate military objectives, some incidental loss of civilian life and/or damage to civilian property may occur. In an attempt to impose limitations upon the level of acceptable incidental civilian suffering, international humanitarian law articulates a proportionality formula as the test to determine whether or not an attack is lawful. The formula is articulated as a prohibition on:", "[A]n attack which may be expected to cause incidental loss of civilian life, injury to civilians, damage to civilian objects or a combination thereof, which would be excessive in relation to the concrete and direct military advantage anticipated.", "10. This proportionality rule is recognised as customary international law, and is reflected in the ICRC Customary Law Study.[4] It is codified in Article 51(5)(b) of Additional Protocol I, and repeated in Article 57(2). The CCW treaty itself recognises the proportionality obligation in Article 3(8) of Amended Protocol II in relation to the use of mines, booby-traps and other devices. Furthermore, the prohibition, with the additional requirement that the incidental loss be ‘clearly’ excessive, is also included in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court such that any attack which violates the rule constitutes a war crime for which perpetrators should be held criminally responsible.[5]", "11. It is important to note that proportionality as a general principle arises in a number of different contexts, both in relation to the international legal regulation of the resort to military force (jus ad bellum) as well as in the international legal regulation of the conduct of military operations (jus in bello). For the purposes of this paper the focus is upon the articulation of the rule on proportionality as it relates to civilian damage incidental to an attack on a legitimate military objective. The rationale for this rule is to limit the suffering of the civilian population and does not apply to combatants or military objectives. To the extent that an attack is directed at military objectives with no expected loss of civilian life or damage to civilian property, this particular rule on proportionality is not applicable. That does not mean, however, that a military commander is entitled to use unlimited force. The basic rule that a party’s right to choose methods or means of warfare is not unlimited applies in all situations.", "B. Applying the rule on proportionality", "12. The articulation of the rule on proportionality in a number of legal instruments clearly expresses an obligation upon military commanders to conduct a proportionality assessment when planning an attack. There is an additional requirement to cancel or suspend an attack if circumstances change since the attack was planned and it becomes apparent that the rule will be breached.[6]", "13. The formulation of the proportionality rule incorporates a margin of appreciation in favour of military commanders. Commanders are not to be judged on the basis of an ex post facto assessment of the actual loss of civilian life and/or damage to civilian property weighed against the actual military advantage gained from the attack. Instead, the test to be applied is the expected loss of civilian life and/or damage to civilian property weighed against the anticipated military advantage. Military commanders have to reach their decisions on the basis of information that is available to them at the time of the attack.[7] Their decisions cannot subsequently be judged on the basis of information which comes to light after the attack has occurred.", "14. The Al Firdus Bunker case illustrates the importance of the correct test for the rule of proportionality. The Al Firdus Bunker was identified by US forces as a legitimate military objective during the 1991 Gulf War. The US claimed that the bunker was camouflaged, its perimeters were protected by barbed wiring, and access points were guarded by armed sentries. On the basis of information collected by planners, the military commander made an assessment that the bunker was a legitimate military objective and, on application of the rule on proportionality, determined that the incidental damage to civilians would not be excessive in relation to the military advantage gained. The objective was bombed. It was subsequently and tragically discovered that, along with its military function, civilians had been using this bunker as sleeping quarters at night time and three hundred civilians were killed as a result of the attack.[8]", "15. US authorities determined that there had been no violation of international humanitarian law because the information available at the time had allowed the military commander to make a reasonable assessment that the target was a legitimate military objective and that the expected loss of civilian life and/or damage to civilian property was not disproportionate to the expected military advantage. The lawfulness of the decision of the military commander to authorise the attack cannot be judged upon the actual loss of civilian lives resulting from the attack. The legal test is the expected loss of civilian life and, in the absence of any knowledge of the civilian use of the bunker, the military commander did not violate the rule of proportionality.", "C. Proportionality and Explosive Remnants of War", "16. The rule on proportionality is usually cited in discussions relating to submunitions that fail to explode thereby creating an ERW problem.[9]", "17. There are three ways in which ERW can be created: the abandonment of explosive ordnance; the failure of explosive ordnance to detonate on impact with the target; and explosive ordnance which is intended not to explode and remains operable by design. The latter category could include anti-personnel mines, naval mines, booby-traps and other similar devices.[10] The deployment of such weapons is subject to additional legal regulation and so the discussions of the ERW problem in the CCW context have not focused upon this particular category of ERW. Consequently, this paper will not consider the application of the rule on proportionality to attacks utilising such weapons. The first source of ERW mentioned here — abandoned explosive ordnance — is not used in a military attack and so is not subject to the rule on proportionality. When discussing the proportionality rule then, the discussion will focus exclusively upon the use of explosive ordnance in an attack in circumstances where some of the ordnance has failed to explode and, as a consequence, creates both immediate and longer term damage from ERW.", "18. Military planners responsible for making decisions about the choice of weapons that are to be used must be aware of the character of the intended weapon, the amount of ordnance to be deployed and the expected consequences both of the weapons selection and the number or amount of weapons to be deployed. Some militaries engage in modelling of expected incidental civilian damage in order to provide information to assist military commanders to comply with the rule of proportionality. Whether or not such modelling routinely occurs, the critical question here is the extent to which military commanders are required to factor into the proportionality equation the expected incidental civilian damage from that part of the deployed ordnance which fails to explode.", "III. Arguments against taking into account mid to longer term consequences of ERW", "19. In 2002 Professor Christopher Greenwood suggested that it is only the immediate risk from ERW which can be an issue in the proportionality equation because there are too many factors which are incapable of assessment at the relevant time. He asserted that the proportionality test has to be applied on the basis of the information available to the military commander at the time of the attack:", "If, for example, cluster weapons are used against military targets in an area where there are known to be civilians, then the proportionality test may require that account be taken both of the risk to the civilians from submunitions exploding during the attack and of the risk from unexploded submunitions in the hours immediately after the attack. It is an entirely different matter, however, to require that account be taken of the longer-term risk posed by ERW, particularly of the risk which ERW can pose after a conflict has ended or after civilians have returned to an area from which they had fled. The degree of that risk turns on too many factors which are incapable of assessment at the time of the attack, such as when and whether civilians will be permitted to return to an areas, what steps the party controlling that area will have taken to clear unexploded ordnance, what priority that party gives to the protection of civilians and so forth. The proportionality test has to be applied on the basis of information reasonably available at the time of the attack. The risks posed by ERW once the immediate aftermath of an attack has passed are too remote to be capable of assessment at that time.", "20. William Boothby clarifies Greenwood’s argument stating that ‘[h]e is pointing out that the commander has to base his decision on the information available to him, that risks posed by ERW in the immediate aftermath of an attack in areas where there are known to be civilians may also need to be considered, but that thereafter those risks are too remote to be capable of assessment at that time’.[11]", "21. Boothby further argues that the attacking commander will conduct his proportionality assessment with regard to ‘tangible factors’ such as:", "[T]he military advantage to be anticipated from the attack … the damage to be expected to the civilian buildings in the village and their contents, so far as is known … whether any civilian persons are known to have stayed in the village and the losses they may be expected to suffer during and in the immediate aftermath of the attack, including from unexploded munitions.", "22. He argues that the existence, and extent, of any longer term ERW risks cannot be included in the equation because they depend on variables such as: whether the civilian population wishes to return early to the village; whether this early return will be permitted; whether civil authorities can and do influence the behaviour of the population; what proportion of the population will return and precisely when; whether unexploded ordnance (‘UXO’) will be marked, and cleared by the party in control of the territory in conformity with Protocol V norms before such return is permitted; whether the civilian population will receive ERW risk education as contemplated in Protocol V; whether the civilian population will heed and implement that advice; and whether particular members of the civilian population will have contact with ‘dud’ munitions so as to cause them to explode.[12]", "23. It is willingly conceded here that military commanders cannot be required to take into account the ‘unknowable’ — that only that which can be expected as a consequence of a particular attack can be included in the proportionality equation. Any unexpected consequences of an attack obviously cannot be factored into the equation. While there is then no fundamental disagreement with Greenwood and Boothby, the question is whether it is possible to be as absolute as they appear to be in dismissing expected longer term consequences for the civilian population of weapons which cause ERW when assessing proportionality.", "24. In discussing proportionality in relation to the rule on feasible precautions Boothby observes that:", "Expectation, on which this rule centres, is not the same as reasonable foreseeability. An outcome may be foreseeable but undesired. Precautions may be taken with a view to that outcome being prevented, but it may remain a possibility, even though undesired and indeed unlikely. It must therefore be regarded as reasonably foreseeable, but is definitely not the expected outcome.", "25. Boothby seems to equate outcomes that are ‘reasonably foreseeable’ with those that are ‘possible’, though undesired and unlikely. In contrast, his interpretation of ‘expected’ outcomes seems to be those which are both desired and likely. This paper certainly agrees that the meaning of the ‘expected’ incidental loss of civilian life or damage to civilian property weighed against the ‘anticipated’ concrete and direct military advantage are the critical issues in this debate.", "IV. Arguments for taking into account mid to longer term consequences of ERW", "A. The meaning of ‘expected’ civilian damage", "26. Both Greenwood and Boothby identify factors which they suggest would be incapable of assessment by a military commander at the relevant time. As mentioned above, these include factors such as whether civilians will be prevented from entering the area, and whether clearance of the UXO will take place in line with Protocol V.", "27. A military commander may not have precise answers to these questions at the time he/she has to decide whether or not to authorise an attack. However the commander must take into account the information available to him/her in order to make a reasonable judgment. Charles Garraway, writing of the rule on proportionality, has suggested that ‘there is no mathematical formula. It requires a good faith assessment based on the information from all sources which is reasonably available to [the commander] at the relevant time’.[13] Whenever the use of weapons likely to cause ERW is contemplated in residential areas or in areas otherwise known to be frequented by the civilian population, assessments of expected civilian damage ought to take account of the consistent conclusion of numerous reports and studies carried out by international and non-governmental organisations, many of which include data on percentages of munitions which fail to explode and the effect of such unexploded ordnance on civilian populations. This wealth of information ought to not only project the expected civilian damage from the proportion of weapons which are likely to explode on impact, but also the expected civilian damage from the proportion of munitions which are expected to fail to explode. Obviously the greater the amount of ordnance used, the greater the number of munitions (or submunitions) which will fail to explode, the greater the ERW problem resulting from an attack and the greater the threat to the civilian population in the vicinity of the attack.", "28. In its discussion of the rule on proportionality the UK Manual of the Law of Armed Conflict states that:", "In deciding whether an attack would be indiscriminate, regard must also be had to the foreseeable effects of the attack. The characteristics of the target may be a factor here. Thus if, for example, a precision bombing attack of a military fuel storage depot is planned but there is a foreseeable risk of the burning fuel flowing into a civilian residential area and causing injury to the civilian population which would be excessive in relation to the military advantage anticipated, that bombardment would be indiscriminate and unlawful, owing to the excessive collateral damage.[14]", "29. With this guidance in mind, it could be argued that some of the factors ‘incapable of assessment’ as described by Greenwood and Boothby would also be present in this scenario. Factors such as what proportion of the civilian population will return and when; and whether some or all of the burning fuel might be extinguished before it reaches the residential area could also vary in this particular example. However this scenario is provided in the Manual on the Law of Armed Conflict as an example of an attack that could be ‘indiscriminate and unlawful’. Interestingly, the Manual utilises the language of ‘foreseeable risks’ as the test for expected incidental civilian damage and not the language preferred by Boothby — that the effects are both ‘desired and likely’.", "30. If Boothby is correct that ‘expected’ civilian damage must be more than that which is a mere possibility and only incorporates that which is ‘desired and likely’, the possibility exists for military commanders to avoid responsibility for their decisions on the basis that the effects of a particular attack were simply undesired. There is a danger here in raising the bar of responsibility too high. If ‘expected’ means more than that which is a mere possibility, it surely also means something less than that which is intended. In criminal law parlance one speaks of recklessness where the alleged perpetrator does not intend a particular result but is recklessly indifferent as to its occurrence. This is a different standard of criminal responsibility than the lower threshold required for negligence because recklessness is still based upon the subjective awareness of the individual perpetrator. Negligence, by contrast, is based upon the more objective criterion of ‘reasonable foreseeability’. A military commander may not want to see particular results flow from the choice of weapons and the selection of specified targets but responsibility does not only relate to what the individual commander hoped for. Instead, responsibility also extends to include expected consequences to which the commander was recklessly indifferent.", "B. Expected longer term military advantage", "31. Military planners and commanders regularly take into account not just the expected short-term military advantage but also the longer term military advantage. This tendency was demonstrated in the recent conflict in southern Lebanon. According to the Report to the UN Human Rights Council of the members of the Mission:", "One government official acknowledged that cluster bombs were used in part to prevent Hezbollah fighters from returning to the villages after the ceasefire.[15]", "32. The deliberate choice of cluster munitions on the basis of an expected dud rate which will leave sufficient numbers of unexploded submunitions so as to deny enemy combatants access to the target area may well produce an expected concrete and direct military advantage. That expected advantage is a mid to longer term advantage. It is not an advantage expected from the immediate results of the attack but subsequent to it as a consequence of those submunitions which fail to explode. Surely then, in undertaking the requisite proportionality assessment, the expected mid to longer term civilian damage must also be taken into account. The military commander must expect that some civilian residents of the target area will attempt to return to their villages and to re-work their agricultural plots and that incidental civilian damage will inevitably occur as contact is made with unexploded submunitions. The proportionality assessment may well be that the expected military advantage outweighs the expected civilian damage. But the important issue here is that the expected civilian damage must be taken into account — that it is unacceptable for the expected military advantage to be based on a longer timeframe while limiting the expected quantification of civilian damage only to the immediate effects of the attack itself.", "33. According to the Report to the UN Human Rights Council of the members of the Mission:", "As these [cluster bomb] sites were often located in civilian built up or agricultural areas the long term effects of these weapons on the civilian population should have been obvious.[16]", "34. Upon ratification of Additional Protocol I many States made declarations of interpretation in relation to Articles 51-58 inclusive to the effect that ‘the military advantage anticipated from an attack is intended to refer to the advantage anticipated from the attack considered as a whole and not only from isolated or particular parts of the attack’.[17] It may well be understandable for militaries to interpret the anticipated concrete and direct military advantage broadly but to take a restrictive approach to the ‘expected incidental loss of civilian life, injury to civilians, damage to civilian object or a combination thereof’.[18] Appealing though this interpretative approach may be, nothing in the wording of the proportionality formula itself supports the approach. To the extent that mid to longer term civilian damage resulting from an attack is expected, such damage should be taken into account in the application of the proportionality equation just as the campaign-wide military advantage is.", "35. The notion that UXO has long-term deleterious consequences for a civilian population is already well known and an accepted principle for all States Parties to the Ottawa Treaty. In the relevant part of the Preamble to that treaty, States Parties are:", "Determined to put an end to the suffering and casualties caused by anti-personnel mines, that kill or maim hundreds of people every week, mostly innocent and defenceless civilians and especially children, obstruct economic development and reconstruction, inhibit the repatriation of refugees and internally displaced persons, and have other severe consequences for years after emplacement.[19]", "36. The Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining has characterised this part of the Preamble as reflective of States Parties’ implicit understanding that ‘proportionality extends over time’.[20]", "37. It is not suggested here that the expected mid to longer term civilian damage will automatically or inevitably be excessive in proportion to the anticipated military advantage. Instead the argument here is that in applying the proportionality equation, the expected longer term effects as well as the expected immediate and short–term effects on the civilian population ought to be taken into account.", "38. Over the past few years, since the issue of ERW has been under discussion, international and non-governmental organisations have been conducting research into the deleterious effects on the civilian population of ERW, in particular cluster munitions. There now exists a wealth of information to substantiate a direct correlation between numbers of munitions deployed, dud rates and the loss of civilian life and/or damage to civilian property.", "V. Field data on the mid to longer term effects of ERW", "39. It is the Centre’s view that data from past conflicts helps inform the likelihood of future effects for the application of the proportionality assessment. Decisions about expected harm to civilians or damage to civilian objects from weapons likely to cause ERW ought to include consideration of the effects of such weapons in the past.", "40. International and non-governmental organisations have undertaken extensive research into the harm to civilians caused by weapons that create ERW and into examining the factors which determine this harm.", "41. The United Nations Institution for Disarmament Research (‘UNIDIR’) for example has concluded that:", "Concerns remain about the adequacy of existing international humanitarian law to sufficiently deal with problems associated with the use of cluster munitions. There are increasing calls from civil society, non-governmental organisations and international organisations to do something about the humanitarian impact of cluster munitions, and there are actions being taken by states. This has been accompanied by a growing body of literature of the short- and long-term effects of cluster munition use on civilian populations.[21]", "42. A number of studies have analysed data from multiple conflicts which consistently demonstrated the dangers to civilians from ERW. These reports have analysed data from conflicts including those in Afghanistan, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cambodia, Chad, Chechnya/Russian Federation, Croatia, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Iraq, Kosovo, Kuwait, Lao Peoples Democratic Republic, Montenegro, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Sierra Leone, southern Lebanon, Sudan, Syria, Tajikistan, and Vietnam.[22] A common conclusion from each of these reports is the inevitability of civilian damage from large numbers of unexploded submunitions deployed in residential or agricultural areas.", "43. There are invariably different circumstances prevailing in relation to specific military attacks in each of the conflicts listed above. It is also true that dud rates vary even for the same category of weapon, let alone for different weapons. For example UNIDIR has reported that:", "[T]he United Kingdom Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) unit of the Multi-National Brigade (Centre) found that the failure rate of BLU97 was 7.1% and BL755 submunitions was assessed at 11.8%. In a reply to a written question in the British Parliament the failure rate of BL755 was given at 6%. Failure rates for BLU97 and BL755 submunitions have also been put at 20% in other studies, while in Kuwait the failure for the MK118 was as high as 30-40%, and while in Kosovo the overall failure rate for all types of cluster submunitions has been given at 5-30%. In Albania the overall failure rate of NATO submunitions was between 20-25% (leaving approximately 30-60 unexploded bomblets per munition depending upon the type), and between 30-35% for Yugoslavian (Serbian) munitions (leaving approximately 80-100 unexploded bomblets per munition. It should be noted that, when questioned, deminers in Albania were extremely reluctant to specify failure rates of cluster submunitions.[23]", "44. Despite the different circumstances prevailing in different conflicts and the variation in dud rates of particular submunitions there are commonalities in every study. Civilian damage inevitably flows from the unexploded submunitions which are the constant legacy of extensive use of submunitions in residential or agricultural areas. The recent use of cluster munitions in southern Lebanon illustrates the harsh reality. Reports suggest that unexploded submunitions have densely contaminated residential areas and agricultural land, increasing the incidence of civilian injury and loss of life.", "VI. Conclusion", "45. Although the focus in this paper has been on expected civilian damage in the proportionality equation it is not wished to create the impression that other rules of IHL are irrelevant to the use of weapons likely to cause ERW. As identified by Respondent States to the questionnaire and discussed extensively in an earlier report[24] the rule of distinction, the prohibition on indiscriminate attacks, the obligation to take precautions in attack, the obligation to protect the environment from widespread, long term, and severe damage, and the prohibition on the use of weapons that cause superfluous injury or unnecessary suffering are also extremely important legal obligations.", "46. It is the Centre’s view that some civilian damage is inevitable when those weapons known to have a significant failure (dud) rate are deployed against residential or agricultural areas. This assertion is consistently supported by all data collected from past conflicts. Although precise numbers of munitions or submunitions which will fail to explode cannot be known and precise numbers of civilian deaths and civilian casualties cannot be predicted, it does not follow that civilian damage from UXO is unexpected. Damage to civilian property and civilian deaths will inexorably flow from the use of such weapons and must be taken into account in the proportionality equation.", "47. The most recent example of the inevitability of civilian damage from UXO is continuing to occur in Southern Lebanon. The Centre agrees with one conclusion of the members of the Mission to Lebanon and Israel in their recent report to the UN Human Rights Council that the deleterious impact on the civilian population from unexploded submunitions in southern Lebanon was to be expected:", "The justification given…for the use of cluster bombs is that they were the most effective weapon against Hezbollah rocket launch sites. The argument is, in the abstract, compatible with a military rationale for the use of anti-personnel cluster bombs, as the radius of damage extends to the size of a football field and thus is able to neutralize mobile rocket launchers.…Israel could not reasonably have been ignorant of the fact that the submunitions dispersed by cluster munitions have a high failure (dud) rate. In effect, then, the decision was taken to blanket an area occupied by large numbers of civilians with small and volatile explosives.[25]", "[1] Prepared by Professor Timothy L.H. McCormack and Ms. Paramdeep B. Mtharu, Asia Pacific Centre for Military Law, University of Melbourne Law School.", "[2] Asia Pacific Centre for Military Law, Report on State Parties’ Responses to the Questionnaire, March 2006, 17.", "[3] Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts, opened for signature 8 June 1977, 1125 UNTS 3 (entered into force 7 December 1978) (‘Additional Protocol I’).", "[4] See Rule 14 in Jean-Marie Henckaerts and Louise Doswald-Beck, Customary International Humanitarian Law (2005) Volume I: Rules, 46.", "[5] Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, opened for signature 17 July 1998, 2187 UNTS 3 (entered into force 1 July 2002).", "[6] Additional Protocol I, article 57(2)(b). This is a rule of customary international law, and is therefore binding on States not party to Additional Protocol I.", "[7] Algeria, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Egypt, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain, and the United Kingdom have all made declarations to this effect.", "[8] Judge Advocate General’s School, US Army Charlottesville, Operational Law Handbook (2001) 9.", "[9] Louis Maresca, ‘Cluster Munitions: Moving Toward Specific Regulation’ (2006) 4 UNIDIR Disarmament Forum, 29.", "[10] This is not intended to be an exhaustive list.", "[11] William H. Boothby, ‘Cluster Bombs: Is There a Case for New Law?’ (HPCR Occasional Paper Series No 5, Program on Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research, Harvard University, Fall 2005) 30.", "[12] William H. Boothby, ‘Cluster Bombs: Is There a Case for New Law?’ (HPCR Occasional Paper Series No 5, Program on Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research, Harvard University, Fall 2005) 31.", "[13] Charles Garraway, How Does Existing Law Address the Issue of Explosive Remnants of War? CCW/GGE/XII/WG.1/WP.15 (15 December 2005).", "[14] UK Ministry of Defence, The Manual of the Law of Armed Conflict (2006) para 5.33.4.", "[15] United Nations General Assembly, Human Rights Council, Report of the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, Philip Alston; the Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health, Paul Hunt; the Representative of the Secretary-General on human rights of internally displaced persons, Walter Kälin; and the Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living, Miloon Kothari, Mission to Lebanon (7‑14 September 2006), UN Doc A/HRC/2/7, paras. 55 and 56.", "[16] United Nations General Assembly, Human Rights Council, Mission to Lebanon (7-14 September 2006), UN Doc A/HRC/2/7, paras 55 and 56.", "[17] This particular wording is taken from the Italian Statement of Interpretation to its Ratification of Additional Protocol I & II on 27 February 1986 printed in Adam Roberts and Richard Guelff (eds), Documents on the Laws of War (2000) 506-7.", "[18] Virgil Wiebe, ‘The Drops that Carve the Stone: State and Manufacturer Responsibility for the Humanitarian Impact of Cluster Munitions and Explosive Remnants of War’ (Legal Studies Research Paper Series, University of Thomas School of Law, 2004) 14.", "[19] Paragraph 1 of the Preamble, Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of and on their Destruction, opened for signature 18 September 1997, 36 ILM 1507 (entered into force on 1 March 1999) (‘The Ottawa Land Mines Convention’).", "[20] GICHD Argument, taken from: GICHD, ‘Report on States Parties’ Responses to the Questionnaire, International Humanitarian Law & Explosive Remnants of War: A Critique by the Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining’ 1 March 2006, 2.", "[21] United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, Rosy Cave, Anthea Lawson and Andrew Sherriff, ‘Cluster Munitions in Albania and Lao PDR: The Humanitarian and Socio-Economic Impact’, UNIDIR 2006, 2.", "[22] See Handicap International, ‘Fatal Footprint: The Global Human Impact of Cluster Munitions’ Preliminary Report, November 2006; Human Rights Watch, ‘Cluster Munitions a Foreseeable Hazard in Iraq’ Human Rights Watch Briefing Paper, March 2003; Thomas Nash, ‘Foreseeable Harm: The Use and Impact of Cluster Munitions in Lebanon: 2006’ Landmine Action (UK) Report, October 2006; Human Rights Watch, ‘First Look at Israel’s Use of Cluster Munitions in Lebanon in July – August 2006’ (Briefing Paper presented by Steve Goose to the 15th Session of the Convention on Conventional Weapons Group of Governmental Experts, Geneva, 30 August 2006); Human Rights Watch, ‘Cluster Munitions: Measures to Prevent ERW and to Protect Civilian Populations’ (Memorandum to Delegates to the Convention on Conventional Weapons Group of Governmental Experts on Explosive Remnants of War, Geneva, 10-14 March 2003); Landmine Action (UK), ‘Explosive Remnants of War: Unexploded Ordnance and Post-Conflict Communities (2002); Richard Moyes and Thomas Nash, ‘Cluster Munitions in Lebanon’ Landmine Action (UK) Report (2005).", "[23] United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, Rosy Cave, Anthea Lawson and Andrew Sherriff, ‘Cluster Munitions in Albania and Lao PDR: The Humanitarian and Socio-Economic Impact’, UNIDIR 2006, 10. This information was also confirmed by Richard Moyes from Landmine Action (UK) in Comments from Richard Moyes, Testing of M85 Submunitions, August 2006.", "[24] Asia Pacific Centre for Military Law, Report on State Parties’ Responses to the Questionnaire, March 2006.", "[25] United Nations General Assembly, Human Rights Council, Mission to Lebanon (7-14 September 2006), UN Doc A/HRC/2/7." ]

[ "Geneva, 7-17 November 2006", "Expected civilian damage and proportionality measurement - The extent to which the medium- to long-term consequences of ERW should be included in the proportionality assessment [1]", "Prepared by the Asia Pacific Centre for Military Law, University of Melbourne, Australia", "Introduction", "1. In March 2006, the Asia-Pacific Centre for Military Law prepared the Report on State Responses to the Questionnaire on International Humanitarian Law (Report) for the Working Group on Explosive Remnants of War of the Thirteenth Session of the Group of Governmental Experts (GGE) of the States Parties to the 1980 Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects (CCW).", "2. Ninety-seven per cent of Respondent States considered that the rule of proportionality is relevant to the use of munitions that may cause ERW. [2] This rule, endorsed by the overwhelming majority of States, indicates that it is an important obligation that shapes the decisions of States parties with regard to targeting and weapons selection, including the choice of weapons that may cause ERW.", "3. A number of responses highlighted the question of whether military commanders should be required to take into account the expected long-term damage to the civilian population and civilian objects caused by explosive remnants of war when conducting a proportionality assessment. There is still international debate on this issue. According to some governmental experts and jurists, long-term effects are too remote to be assessed and should not be taken into account. On the other hand, other governmental experts, jurists and international and non-governmental organizations considered that the long-term damage to civilian populations caused by explosive remnants of war was foreseeable and their catastrophic consequences could be seen in successive conflicts, and that it was important to include both the short- and long-term effects of explosive remnants of war in the proportionality measure.", "4. Since the establishment of the International Criminal Court and a more rigorous review of military operations, it has become increasingly important to assess the application of the principle of proportionality. The question relates not only to whether the International Criminal Court will try military commanders accused of violating the principle of proportionality, but also to the growing expectations of the international community that the parties to the conflict will comply with international humanitarian law and call for accountability in cases of perceived failure to comply. Several States parties to the Rome Statute had enacted decrees incorporating the crimes set out in the Statute into their criminal law, and it was the supreme duty of national military personnel to comply with their criminal law obligations. Even States that are not parties to the Rome Statute have domestic criminal law obligations to which their military personnel are bound.", "5. Some of the replies to the IHL questionnaire reflect the need for further discussion on the measurement of expected long-term damage and proportionality. To that end, the Asia-Pacific Centre for Military Law was requested to prepare this paper to analyse discussions on the rules of predictability and proportionality.", "6. The Asia Pacific Centre for Military Law (APLC) of the University of Melbourne, Australia, while thanking the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade of New Zealand and the Australian Ministry of Defence for their financial support in the preparation of this paper, wishes to state at the outset that the views expressed in this paper represent only the views of the Centre and not those of the Governments of New Zealand or Australia. In addition, the Centre would like to thank the Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining and Mine Action (United Kingdom) for their comments on the draft document. The final text, however, does not represent the views of the above-mentioned organizations.", "Proportionality", "A. Understanding the rule of proportionality", "7. Parties to a conflict must ensure that the civilian population and civilian objects are respected and protected in armed conflict, which is the basic rule of international humanitarian law. Parties to the conflict must at all times distinguish between the civilian population and combatants, as well as between civilian objects and military objectives. Military action can only be directed against military objectives. This basic rule is incorporated in article 48 of Additional Protocol I of 1977 to the Geneva Conventions of 1949 [3] and as a norm of customary international law applies to all parties to an armed conflict, whether or not they are parties to Additional Protocol I. Under this basic rule, deliberate attacks against civilians/or civilian property during an armed conflict are war crimes.", "8. International humanitarian law permits attacks against military objectives, but prohibits all attacks against military objectives and civilian objects without distinction. Such attacks are referred to as “indiscriminately” attacks, which include: not targeting a specific military objective; not targeting a specific military objective by means or methods of warfare used; or, alternatively, using methods or means of warfare that would lead to consequences prohibited by international humanitarian law. The prohibition of indiscriminate attacks is included in article 51, paragraph 4, of Additional Protocol I and is also recognized as a norm of customary international law. Indiscriminate attacks are also war crimes, as are deliberate attacks on civilians and/or civilian property.", "9. It is legally recognized that, in the course of an attack against a legitimate military objective, incidental loss of civilian life and/or damage to civilian property may occur. International humanitarian law clearly sets out the rule of proportionality for the purpose of determining the lawfulness of an attack, with the aim of establishing limits for acceptable incidental civilian casualties. This norm expressly prohibits:", "An attack which may incidentally cause loss of civilian life, injury to civilians, damage to civilian objects or a combination thereof, and which is excessive in relation to the concrete and direct military advantage anticipated.", "10. The rule of proportionality is recognized as customary international law and is reflected in the ICRC Customary Law Study. [4] This rule was incorporated into article 51 (5) (b) of Additional Protocol I and reaffirmed in article 57 (2). Article 3, paragraph 8, of CCW Amended Protocol II on the Use of Mines, Booby-Traps and Other Devices recognizes the obligation of proportionality. In addition, the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court contains this prohibition, but in addition requires that collateral damage be “manifestly” excessive in order for it to be prohibited and that any violation of this statute constitutes a war crime for which the offender should be held criminally responsible. [5]", "11. It should be noted that proportionality, as a general principle, appears in a number of different texts, both in relation to international legal norms on the resort to force (right to resort to war) and in relation to the conduct of military operations (law of war). From the point of view of this paper, the focus is on the rule of proportionality for incidental civilian damage caused by an attack on a legitimate military objective. The rule of proportionality is based on the principle of limiting harm to civilian populations and does not apply to combatants and military targets. This rule of proportionality does not apply if the attack is directed against a military objective and does not result in the expected loss of civilian life or damage to civilian property. This does not mean, however, that military commanders have the right to use force without limitation. The right of a party to a conflict to choose the means or methods of warfare is limited, and this article applies in any case.", "Application of the rule of proportionality", "12. The elaboration of the rule of proportionality in a number of legal instruments clearly requires military commanders to conduct a proportionality assessment when planning an attack. In addition, if circumstances change after the planning of the attack is completed and there is a clear risk of a violation of the rule of proportionality, a request is made to cancel or suspend the attack. [6]", "13. The development of proportionality norms is to some extent beneficial to military commanders. The military commander is judged not by ex post facto assessment of the actual loss of civilian life and/or damage to civilian property against the actual military advantage achieved by the attack; rather, by comparing the expected military advantage of the attack with the expected loss of civilian life and/or damage to civilian property. The military commander must base his decision on the information available at the time of the attack. [7] The commander ' s decision cannot be assessed ex post on the basis of information obtained after the attack.", "The Al Firdus bunker case demonstrates the importance of a correct test of proportionality. During the 1991 Gulf War, the United States military considered the Al Firdus bunker to be a legitimate military target. According to the United States, the bunker was disguised with barbed wire around it and the entrance was guarded by armed guards. On the basis of information gathered by the planners of the operation, the military commander assessed the bunker as a legitimate military objective and applied the rule of proportionality to determine that incidental civilian damage was not excessive in relation to military advantage. The target was bombed. Unfortunately, it was later learned that the bunker not only had military functions, but also that civilians were sleeping in the bunker at night and that the attack had resulted in the death of 300 civilians. [8]", "15. According to the United States authorities, the information available at the time allowed the military commander to make a reasonable assessment that the target was a legitimate military objective and that the expected loss of civilian life and/or civilian property was small compared to the anticipated military advantage and therefore did not violate international humanitarian law. The legality of a military commander ' s decision to launch an attack cannot be judged on the basis of the actual loss of civilian life resulting from the attack. The test of legality is the expected loss of civilian life and the military commander did not violate the rule of proportionality without knowledge of the civilian use of the bunker.", "C. Proportionality and ERW", "16. The rule of proportionality is often cited in the discussion of submunitions that cause ERW by unexploded ordnance. [9]", "17. There are three ways in which explosive remnants of war can be generated: abandonment of explosives; failure of explosives to detonate at the time of impact on a target; and the deliberate design of explosives to keep them unexploded and operational. The latter includes anti-personnel mines, mines, booby traps and other similar devices. [10] The use of the above-mentioned weapons is subject to additional legal norms and, therefore, within the framework of the CCW, discussions on explosive remnants of war do not focus on this particular category of explosive remnants of war, nor does this paper analyse the application of the rule of proportionality for attacks with such weapons. The first source of ERW referred to above - abandoned explosive ordnance - will not be used for military attacks and is therefore not covered by the rule of proportionality. Therefore, the entire discussion of the rule of proportionality will focus on the use of explosives in attacks where some of the explosives fail to explode, thus causing direct and long-term damage to ERW.", "18. Military planners responsible for weapons selection must be aware of the nature of the intended weapons, the amount of ammunition to be deployed and the expected consequences of the related weapons selection and deployment. Some military forces conduct model analyses of expected incidental civilian damage in order to provide information to assist military commanders in complying with the rule of proportionality. Whether this model analysis is routine or not, it is important that military commanders be required to include expected UXO collateral civilian damage in the proportionality analysis.", "III. Objections to the inclusion of the medium- and long-term consequences of explosive remnants of war", "19. In 2002, Professor Christopher Greenwood suggested that too many factors could not be assessed at the relevant time, so that only the immediate risk of ERW could be included in the proportionality measure. He noted that the proportionality test must be based on information available to military commanders at the time of the attack:", "For example, the use of cluster bombs against military targets in areas where civilians are known to be present can be measured in such a way as to require that consideration be given to the risk to civilians of the explosion of submunitions at the time of the attack and to the risk of unexploded submunitions within hours of the attack. However, the requirement to take into account the long-term risks posed by ERW, especially after the end of the conflict or after the return of civilians to the area from which they fled, is an entirely different issue. The extent of this risk raises many factors that cannot be assessed at the time of the attack, such as whether and when civilians are allowed to return to an area, what steps must be taken by the party in control of the area to clear unexploded ordnance, what priority that party should give to the protection of civilians. When measuring excesses, they must be based on information reasonably available at the time of the attack. At this point, the risk posed by ERW after the immediate consequences of an attack is too remote to assess.", "In his interpretation of Greenwood's point of view, William Boseby said: “[He] pointed out that commanders must base their decision-making on available information and that in areas where civilians are known to be present, the immediate risk of ERW after an attack can also be considered, but the risk thereafter is too remote to be assessed at that time.” [11]", "Boothby further stated that the commander who ordered the attack would conduct a proportionality analysis with respect to the following “identified factors”:", "Anticipated military advantage of the attack ... expected damage to known civilian buildings and their contents in the village, whether or not it is known that a civilian remains in the village, as well as expected damage that civilians may suffer during the course of the attack and in the short term following the attack, including damage caused by unexploded ordnance.", "He noted that the long-term risk of the presence of explosive remnants of war and the degree of risk should not be included in the proportionality assessment, as those factors depended on the following variables: whether the civilian population wished to return to the village at an early date; whether their early return would be permitted; whether civilian authorities were able to effectively influence the behaviour of the civilian population; the proportion of civilians returning to the village and the exact time; whether the party in control of the area had marked and cleared unexploded ordnance in accordance with the guidelines set out in Protocol V before the civilian population was allowed to return; whether risk education on explosive remnants of war was provided to the civilian population in accordance with the provisions of Protocol V; whether the civilian population took note of and implemented the recommendations; and whether particular members of the civilian population would be exposed to “duds” to trigger explosions. [12]", "The authors are pleased to acknowledge that military commanders should not be required to take into account “unknown factors” and that only the expected consequences of a given attack can be included in the proportionality assessment. It is clear that any unforeseen factors resulting from the attack should not be included in the proportionality assessment. There was no major disagreement between Greenwood and Bushby, but the question was whether, in conducting the proportionality assessment, they could, as they did, completely exclude the expected long-term consequences for the civilian population of weapons that formed ERW.", "24. Turning to the relationship between the principles of proportionality and feasible preventive measures, Bousby noted that:", "At the heart of the principle of proportionality is expectation, which differs from reasonable predictability. A certain result may be foreseeable, but not expected. Precautionary measures could be taken to avoid such a result, but it was still possible, albeit not expected and very unlikely. Such results must therefore be regarded as reasonably foreseeable, but by no means expected.", "Boothby uses “reasonable and foreseeable results” as a measure of results that are not expected, less likely but “possible”. In contrast, he considered that the “expected” result was one that was both desirable and highly probable. This paper naturally considers that the trade-off between the specific and direct military advantage “foreseeable” and what meaning “expected” incidental loss of civilian life or damage to civilian property is at the core of the discussion.", "IV. Views in support of taking into account the mid- and long-term consequences of ERW", "Meaning of “expected” civil damage", "26. Both Greenwood and Bushby noted that there were a number of factors that military commanders could not assess at the relevant time. As noted above, this includes whether civilians are prevented from entering the area and whether unexploded ordnance is cleared in accordance with Protocol V.", "27. Military commanders may not have a precise answer to these questions when deciding whether to order an attack. However, commanders must take into account the information available in order to make a reasonable judgement. In addressing the rule of proportionality, Charles Galaway states: “There is no mathematical formula to be followed and [the commander] is required to make a sincere assessment based on information reasonably available at the relevant time”. [13] Once the use of weapons that may cause explosive remnants of war is considered in civilian populated areas or in areas where civilians are known to be in contact, it is important to take into account the unanimous conclusions of numerous reports and research papers prepared by international and non-governmental organizations when assessing expected civilian damage, many of which provide data on the proportion of unexploded ordnance and the impact of these unexploded ordnance on civilian populations. A wealth of relevant information should be used not only to speculate the expected civilian damage caused by munitions that explode after impact, but also to measure the expected civilian damage expected from unexploded ordnance. It is clear that the more munitions are used, the more unexploded munitions (or submunitions) are, the more serious the problem of ERW caused by the attack and the greater the threat to the civilian population in the vicinity.", "28. In addressing the rule of proportionality, the UK Handbook on the Law of Armed Conflict states:", "The foreseeable impact of an attack must also be taken into account to determine whether it is an indiscriminate attack. In this regard, the characteristics of the objective could be one of the considerations. For example, targeted bombardments of military fuel depots are planned, but there is a foreseeable risk that burning fuel may flow into civilian populated areas, causing excessive civilian casualties relative to the anticipated military advantage, and such collateral bombardments are indiscriminate and illegal. [14]", "According to this guideline, certain elements considered “unable to assess” by Greenwood and Boothby could also be considered. The factors taken into account in specific cases may vary, such as the rate and time of civilian return and whether the fuel burned has been partially or fully extinguished before reaching civilian populated areas. However, the Handbook on the Law of Armed Conflict states that this may be a case of “indiscriminate and unlawful” attacks. Interestingly, the Manual uses the term “foreseeable risk” as the test for the expected incidental civil damage, rather than the customary term “expectation and possible” in Boothby.", "If Boothby is correct, “expected” civil damage is not limited to the possibility but can only include the result of “expectations and possible” and, once a given attack results in undesired results, the military commander may not be held responsible for making the relevant decision. In such cases, the limits of liability may be too high. If “expected” is not only a possibility, it is clear that “expected” cannot be equated with “intent”. Under criminal law, this situation is reckless if the accused did not intend to produce a particular result, but failed to give careful attention to the outcome. Whether recklessness depends on the subjective consciousness of the offender is another measure of criminal responsibility, unlike a slightly lower standard of negligence. By contrast, fault depends more on the objective criterion of “reasonable predictability”. While military commanders may be reluctant to see the particular results of the choice of weapons and the choice of specific targets, the issue of responsibility relates not only to the commander ' s expectations but also to the expected results of his reckless actions.", "B. Expected long-term military advantage", "31. Military planners and commanders usually take into account not only the anticipated short-term military advantage, but also the long-term military advantage. This tendency is evident in the recent conflict in southern Lebanon. In their report to the Human Rights Council, the members of the Mission stated:", "A government official acknowledged that cluster bombs were used in part to prevent Hizbullah fighters from returning to the villages after the ceasefire. [15]", "32. The deliberate selection of cluster munitions based on the expected dud rate, leaving a sufficient number of unexploded submunitions to prevent enemy combatants from entering the target area, may well have the expected concrete and direct military advantage. Such an expected benefit is a medium- to long-term benefit, different from that expected as a direct result of an attack, but rather a subsequent effect through a submunition that has not exploded. Therefore, the necessary proportionality assessment must also take into account the anticipated medium- and long-term civil damage. Military commanders should have expected that certain civilian groups in the target area would attempt to return to their villages and recultivate their fields and that contact with unexploded submunitions would inevitably cause incidental civilian damage. The proportionality assessment is likely to conclude that the expected military advantage is higher than the expected civilian damage. It was important, however, to take into account anticipated civil damage. It is unacceptable to use a long-term time frame to assess the anticipated military advantage, while limiting the expected civilian damage to the direct impact of the attack.", "33. In their report to the United Nations Human Rights Council, the members of the mission stated:", "Since these [cluster bomb] sites are often located in civilian or agricultural areas, the long-term impact on civilian populations should have been clear. [16]", "Many States, upon signing Additional Protocol I, have made statements regarding the interpretation of articles 51 to 58 to the effect that: “The anticipated military advantage of an attack means the intended benefit derived from the attack as a whole, not from the isolation or particular part of the attack”. [17] While the military interprets the concrete and direct military advantage anticipated in a broad sense, it is understandable that a strict interpretation of “the expected incidental loss of civilian life and injury, loss of civilian property and the concurrent occurrence of the above” is used. [18] This interpretation may be persuasive but without any support for the principle of proportionality. Since the medium- and long-term civilian damage caused by the attack was the intended result, the relevant damage should be taken into account in the proportionality measure, as should the military advantage of the entire battlefield.", "35. The concept of unexploded ordnance, which would have long-term adverse consequences for the civilian population, was widely recognized and had become a principle recognized by all States parties to the Ottawa Convention. In the preamble to the Convention, States parties state that:", "Determined to put an end to the suffering and casualties caused by anti-personnel mines, which kill or maim hundreds of people every week, mostly innocent and unarmed civilians, especially children, obstruct economic development and reconstruction, prevent the repatriation of refugees and internally displaced persons and have other serious consequences for years after emplacement. [19]", "According to the GICHD, this part of the preamble reflects the State party's acquiescence that “proportionality is a long-term problem”. [20]", "37. This does not mean that the anticipated medium- and long-term civilian damage is necessarily or inevitably excessive in relation to the anticipated military advantage. On the contrary, this paper considers that the expected long-term impact on the civilian population, as well as the expected direct and short-term impact, should be taken into account when measuring proportionality.", "38. In recent years, as the issue of explosive remnants of war had been under discussion, international and non-governmental organizations had begun to study the dangers of explosive remnants of war, particularly cluster munitions, to civilian populations. There is ample information available to confirm the direct relationship between the quantity of ammunition used, the dud rate and the loss of civilian life and/or damage to civilian property.", "V. Field data on the medium- and long-term effects of ERW", "39. The Centre is of the view that past conflict data can contribute to the assessment of proportionality to understand possible future impacts. It is important to take into account the past effects of weapons that may cause ERW in order to determine the expected damage to civilian life or civilian objects.", "40. International and non-governmental organizations have conducted extensive research on the risks to civilians caused by weapons that cause explosive remnants of war and analysed the factors that determine such hazards.", "For example, the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR) concluded that:", "The effectiveness of existing international humanitarian law in addressing the use of cluster munitions remains a concern. Civil society, non-governmental organizations and international organizations are increasingly calling for measures to address the humanitarian impact of cluster munitions, and States are taking action. At the same time, there is a growing literature on the short- and long-term impact of the use of cluster munitions on the civilian population. [21]", "A number of research papers have analysed data on multiple conflicts, all of which indicate the risks of ERW to civilians. The report analyses conflict data for Afghanistan, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cambodia, Chad, Chechnya/Russian Federation, Croatia, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Iraq, Kosovo, Kuwait, Lao People ' s Democratic Republic, Montenegro, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Sierra Leone, southern Lebanon, Sudan, Syria, Tajikistan and Viet Nam. [22] These reports coincided with the conclusion that the large number of unexploded submunitions deployed in residential or agricultural areas would inevitably cause civilian damage.", "43. Specific military attacks during the above-mentioned conflicts certainly vary. In addition, there are differences in dud rates for even the same type of weapon, with greater differences among different types of weapon. For example, the UNIDIR report states:", "The United Kingdom Explosive Ordnance Disposal Agency of the Multinational Force (MNF) found that the dud rate of the BLU97 cluster bomb was 7.1 per cent and the dud rate of the BL755 submunition was estimated at 11.8 per cent. In response to a written question from the British Parliament, the dud rate of BL755 submunitions was described as 6 per cent. In addition, other studies found a 20 per cent dud rate for BLU97 cluster bombs and BL755 submunitions. In Kuwait, the MK118 cluster bomb rate is as high as 30 to 40 per cent; in Kosovo, the total dud rate is between 5 and 30 per cent for all types of cluster submunitions; in Albania, the total dud rate for NATO submunitions is between 20 and 25 per cent (an average of 30 to 60 unexploded sub-bombs for different types of munitions); and the dud rate for Yugoslav (Serbia) munitions is between 30 and 35 per cent (an average of 80 to 100 unexploded sub-bombs for each bomb). It should be noted that Albanian deminers are very reluctant to specify when asked about the dud rate of cluster submunitions. [23]", "44. Duds rates for specific submunitions vary from conflict to conflict, but these studies have found some commonality. Unexploded sub-munitions as a legacy of widespread use of submunitions in residential or agricultural areas are bound to cause civilian damage. In recent days, the use of cluster munitions in southern Lebanon has been alarming. There are reports that unexploded submunitions seriously contaminate residential areas and agricultural lands, increasing the risk of civilian casualties.", "VI. CONCLUSIONS", "45. While this paper deals primarily with expected civilian damage in the proportionality assessment, it is not intended to give the impression to the reader that other IHL principles are not relevant to the use of weapons that may cause ERW. The principle of distinction, the prohibition of indiscriminate attacks, the obligation to take precautions in attack, the obligation to protect the environment from widespread, long-term, adverse effects and the prohibition of the use of weapons that may cause superfluous injury or unnecessary suffering are very important international legal obligations, as noted by the respondents to the questionnaire, and have been extensively addressed in previous reports.[24]", "46. The Centre believes that the use of weapons known to have a high failure rate (duds rate) in residential or agricultural areas would inevitably result in some civilian damage. This view is supported by data collected from past conflicts. While it is not possible to predict the exact number of unexploded munitions or submunitions or to predict the exact number of civilian casualties, this does not mean that civilian damage from unexploded ordnance cannot be predicted. The use of such weapons would inevitably damage civilian property and result in civilian deaths, and the relevant civil damage must be taken into account in the proportionality assessment.", "47. The inevitable civilian damage caused by unexploded ordnance in southern Lebanon remains a recent example. The Centre agrees with the conclusions of the members of the Lebanese and Israeli missions in their report to the United Nations Human Rights Council that unexploded submunitions in southern Lebanon are expected to have harmful effects on the civilian population:", "... the reason given for the use of cluster bombs is that they are the most effective weapon against Hizbollah missile launching sites. Theoretically, this evidence is consistent with the military rationale for the use of anti-personnel cluster bombs, with a destruction radius of up to the size of a football field and thus capable of rendering mobile rocket launchers ineffective. ... Israel has no reason to be unaware of the high failure rate of submunitions dispersed by cluster munitions. Indeed, such a decision was taken with a view to the widespread spread of small and unstable explosives in areas where large numbers of civilians live. [25]", "[1] Prepared by Professor Tim McCormack and Ms. Paramdeep Mzaru, Asia Pacific Centre for Military Law, University of Melbourne Law School.", "[2] Asia Pacific Centre for Military Law, Report on States Parties' Responses to Lists of Issues, March 2006, addendum 1, p. 2.", "[3] Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts, opened for signature on 8 June 1977, p. 1125, United Nations Treaty Series, vol. 3 (entered into force on 7 December 1978) (Protocol I).", "[4] See Study of Customary International Humanitarian Law (2005), vol. I: Rules, Rule 14, p. 46, eds. Jean-Marie Henckaerts and Louise Doswald-Beck.", "[5] Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, opened for signature on 17 July 1998, p. 2178, United Nations Treaty Series, vol. 3 (entered into force on 1 July 2002).", "[6] Article 57 (2) (b) of Additional Protocol I, which is one of the rules of customary international law, is equally binding on States not parties to Protocol I.", "[7] Similar statements have been made by Algeria, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Egypt, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain and the United Kingdom.", "[8] United States Army, Charlottesville School of Military Advocate General, Operational Law Manual (2001), p. 9.", "[9] Louis Maresca, Cluster Munitions: Developing Specific Norms (2006), UNIDIR, Disarmament Forum, p. 29.", "[10] This list is not exhaustive.", "[11] William H. Bushby, Cluster Bombs: Can a new law be enacted? (HPCR quinquies, Harvard University, United States, Program of Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Studies, fall 2005), p. 30.", "[12] William H. Busby, Cluster Bombs: Can a new law be enacted? (HPCR quinquies, Harvard University, United States, Program for Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research, autumn 2005), p. 31.", "[13] Charles Galaway, \" How do existing laws deal with ERW? \" , CCW/GGE/XII/WG.1/WP.15 (15 December 2005).", "[14] United Kingdom Ministry of Defence, Handbook on the Law of Armed Conflict (2006), para. 5.33.4.", "[15] Report of the United Nations General Assembly, Human Rights Council, Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, Philip Alston; Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health, Paul Hunt; Representative of the Secretary-General on the human rights of internally displaced persons, Walter Kälin; Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living, and on the right to non-discrimination in this context, Miloon Kothari, mission to Lebanon (7-14 September 2006), United Nations document A/HRC/2/7, paras. 55 and 56.", "[16] United Nations General Assembly, Human Rights Council, Mission to Lebanon (7-14 September 2006), United Nations document A/HRC/2/7, paras. 55 and 56.", "[17] This sentence is taken from the Italian Declaration on the Signature of Additional Protocols I and II, published in Adam Roberts and Richard Guelff (eds.) on 27 February 1986, The Law of War (2000), pp. 506-507.", "[18] Virgil Wiebe, Drilling Stones: State and Manufacturers' Responsibility for the Humanitarian Impact of Cluster Munitions and Explosive Remnants of War (Legal Research Papers Series, Thomas University Law School, 2004), p. 14.", "[19] Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-personnel Mines and on Their Destruction, first preambular paragraph, opened for signature on 18 September 1997, 36 ILM 1507 (entered into force on 1 March 1999) (Ottawa Mine Convention).", "[20] GICHD ' s Views, taken from: GICHD, Report on States Parties ' Responses to Questionnaires, International Humanitarian Law and Explosive Remnants of War: Comments by the GICHD, 1 March 2006, p. 2.", "[21] United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, Rosie Cave, Anthea Lawson and Andrew Sherriff, Cluster Munitions in Albania and the Lao People ' s Democratic Republic: Humanitarian and Socio-Economic Impact, UNIDIR, 2006, p. 2.", "[22] See Disabled People ' s International, The Deadly Footprint: A Preliminary Report on the Global Human Impact of Cluster Munitions, November 2006; Human Rights Watch, Cluster Munitions, Anticipatory Hazards in Iraq, Briefing by Human Rights Watch, March 2003; Thomas Nash, Foreseeable Hazards: The Use and Impact of Cluster Munitions in Lebanon 2006, Mine Action (United Kingdom), October 2006; Human Rights Watch, Israel ' s Initial Survey of the Use of Cluster Munitions in Lebanon, July-August 2006, (Steve Goose briefing to the fifteenth session of the Group of Governmental Experts of the CCW, Geneva, 30 August 2006); Human Rights Watch, Cluster Munitions: Prevention of Explosive Remnants of War and Measures to Protect Civilians (Human Rights Watch, 15th session of the CCW Group of Governmental Experts, Geneva); Memorandum of Delegation of the CCW Group of Governmental Experts on Explosive Remnants of War, Geneva, 10-14 March 2003; Mine Action (United Kingdom), Explosive Remnants of War: Unexploded Ordnance and Post-Conflict Societies (2002); Richard Moyes and Thomas Nash, Cluster Munitions in Lebanon, Report on Mine Action (United Kingdom) (2005).", "[23] United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, Rose Cave, Anthea Lawson and Andrew Sherriff, Cluster Munitions in Albania and the Lao People ' s Democratic Republic: Humanitarian and Socio-Economic Impact, UNIDIR, 2006, p. 10. This information was confirmed by Richard Moyes of Landmine Action (United Kingdom) in Richard Moyes Review, M85 Submunition Detection, August 2006.", "[24] Asia Pacific Centre for Military Law, Report on State Party Responses to Questionnaire, March 2006.", "[25] United Nations General Assembly, Human Rights Council, Mission to Lebanon (7-14 September 2006), United Nations document A/HRC/2/7." ]

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[ "联合国赔偿委员会", "理事会", "联合国赔偿委员会理事会2006年11月3日第156次会议 作出的关于根据《索赔程序暂行规则》 第41条更正赔偿额的决定", "理事会，", "根据《索赔程序暂行规则》(《规则》)(S/AC.26/1992/10)第41条，收到执行秘书提交的关于“A”、“B”、“C”和“D”类索赔建议更正的报告 [1] ，", "1. 决定，根据《规则》第41条，更正已为有关政府核准的“A”、“B”、“C”和“D”类索赔的裁定赔偿额 [2] 。更正后的赔偿总额按提交实体和索赔类别分列如下：", "表1. 按提交实体和索赔类别分列的更正总额", "提交实体\t索赔类别\t受影响的索赔件数\t净调整额(美元) 阿尔及利亚 A 3 (9,000.00) \n C 4 (6,283.67) 澳大利亚 A 1 (3,000.00) \n C 13 (24,857.11) \n 奥地利 A 1 (3,000.00) \n 巴林 C 2 (2,550.00) 孟加拉国 A 192 (622,500.00) \n C 351 (541,372.32) \n 比利时 C 1 (3,303.00) \n 波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那 A 4 (16,000.00) \n 巴西 A 2 (4,000.00) \n 保加利亚 C 6 (8,140.32) 加拿大 A 12 (47,500.00) \n C 29 (83,409.79) 中国 A 1 (4,000.00) \n C 1 (2,500.00) \n 克罗地亚 C 2 (4,077.36) 塞浦路斯 A 1 (2,500.00) \n C 2 (3,320.00) 捷克共和国 A 1 (5,500.00) \n C 1 (716.50) \n 丹麦 C 3 (4,411.70) 埃及 A 918 (1,974,500.00) B 1 (2,500.00) \n C 322 (511,339.35) \n 埃塞俄比亚 A 5 (13,000.00) \n 芬兰 C 2 (3,500.67) 法国 A 2 (5,000.00) \n C 21 (63,602.53) 德国 A 2 (13,500.00) \n C 5 (9,307.08) 希腊 A 2 (5,000.00) \n C 1 (3,310.00) 印度 A 4,642 (15,240,000.00) C 4,552 (4,304,842.49) \n D 3 (8,200.00) 伊朗伊斯兰共和国 A 898 (3,837,000.00) \n C 11 (141,524.78) 爱尔兰 A 3 (9,000.00) \n C 16 (71,626.28) 意大利 A 3 (10,500.00) \n C 10 (17,685.59) 日本 A 1 (3,000.00) \n C 4 (415.24) 约旦 A 3,329 (10,414,500.00) B 3 (7,500.00) C 3,690 (8,454,457.56) \n D 7 (19,091.02) 科威特 A 882 (2,149,000.02) B 1 (2,500.00) \n C 80 (218,653.08) 黎巴嫩 A 63 (200,500.00) \n C 16 (37,522.92) \n 马耳他 C 2 (5,000.00) \n 毛里求斯 C 1 (2,500.00) 摩洛哥 A 17 (64,500.00) \n C 2 (1,404.35) 荷兰 A 1 (8,000.00) \n C 1 (2,500.00) \n 新西兰 C 2 (2,200.02) \n 尼日尔 C 1 (5,000.00) 挪威 A 2 (5,000.00) \n C 2 (3,169.04) 巴基斯坦 A 129 (383,000.00) \n C 374 (729,940.05) \n 巴勒斯坦 C 32 (67,297.68) 菲律宾 A 85 (223,000.00) \n C 89 (102,935.95) 波兰 A 2 (5,500.00) \n C 6 (7,963.48) \n 大韩民国 C 6 (21,649.27) \n 塞尔维亚共和国 A 11 (45,500.00) \n 俄罗斯联邦 A 7 (28,000.00) \n 塞内加尔 C 2 (10,000.00) \n 新加坡 A 1 (5,500.00) \n 斯洛伐克 C 2 (701.76) 索马里 A 6 (20,500.00) \n C 7 (23,705.49) \n 西班牙 A 1 (2,500.00) 斯里兰卡 A 255 (748,000.00) \n C 35 (44,897.43) 苏丹 A 47 (124,500.00) \n C 2 (9,758.12) 瑞典 A 1 (2,500.00) \n C 4 (10,389.61) 阿拉伯叙利亚共和国 A 204 (575,500.00) \n C 118 (269,335.04) 泰国 A 11 (36,500.00) \n C 7 (11,623.36) \n前南斯拉夫的马其顿共和国\tA\t1\t(4,000.00) 突尼斯 A 18 (39,500.00) \n C 53 (64,835.06) 土耳其 A 41 (123,500.00) \n C 4 (10,531.91) \n 乌克兰 A 1 (2,500.00) 联合王国 A 15 (38,000.00) \n C 91 (212,337.86) \n 坦桑尼亚联合共和国 A 2 (8,000.00) 美国 A 21 (60,500.00) \n C 85 (303,500.98) 也门 A 130 (458,500.00) \n C 6 (11,593.97) \n 开发计划署 阿尔及利亚 A 1 (4,000.00) 开发计划署 耶路撒冷 A 4 (13,500.00) \n C 22 (142,869.86) 开发计划署 华盛顿 A 1 (4,000.00) \n C 2 (4,703.42) 开发计划署 也门 A 28 (81,000.00) \n C 1 (5,000.00) \n 难民署 保加利亚 A 1 (5,000.00) 难民署 加拿大 A 4 (17,500.00) \n C 7 (20,393.07) \n 难民署 日内瓦 C 1 (1,557.09) 近东工程处 加沙 A 134 (369,000.00) C 42 (127,442.64) \n D 1 (2,500.00) \n 合 计 22,320 (54,899,756.89)", "[1] 报告全文载于S/AC.26/2006/3号文件。", "[2] 按照《规则》第40条第5款，个人索赔人的身份和向每一名个人索赔人支付的赔偿额将不予公布，而是单独提供给各提交实体。" ]

[ "UNITED S \n NATIONS \n [] Security Council \n Distr. \n GENERAL \nS/AC.26/Dec.261(2006) \n3November2006 \nOriginal:ENGLISH \n \nUNITEDNATIONS COMPENSATIONCOMMISSION \nGOVERNINGCOUNCIL", "Decision concerning corrections pursuant to article 41 of the Provisional Rules", "for Claims Procedure taken by the Governing Council of the United Nations", "Compensation Commission at its 156th meeting, on 3 November 2006", "The Governing Council,", "Having received, in accordance with article 41 of the Provisional Rules for Claims Procedure (S/AC.26/1992/10) (“the Rules”), a report by the Executive Secretary concerning recommended corrections in claims categories A, B, C and D,[1]", "Decides, pursuant to article 41 of the Rules, to correct the amounts of the approved awards for Governments with respect to claims in categories A , B, C and D.[2] The aggregate corrected amounts per submitting entity and claim category are as follows:", "Table 1. Aggregate corrected amounts per submitting entity and claim category", "Submitting entity\tClaimcategory\tNumber ofclaimsaffected\tAmount ofnet effect(US$) Algeria A 3 (9,000.00) \n C 4 (6,283.67) Australia A 1 (3,000.00) \n C 13 (24,857.11) \n Austria A 1 (3,000.00) \n Bahrain C 2 (2,550.00) Bangladesh A 192 (622,500.00) \n C 351 (541,372.32)\n Belgium C 1 (3,303.00) \n Bosnia and Herzegovina A 4 (16,000.00) \n Brazil A 2 (4,000.00) \n Bulgaria C 6 (8,140.32) Canada A 12 (47,500.00) \n C 29 (83,409.79) China A 1 (4,000.00) \n C 1 (2,500.00) \n Croatia C 2 (4,077.36) Cyprus A 1 (2,500.00) \n C 2 (3,320.00) Czech Republic A 1 (5,500.00) \n C 1 (716.50) \n Denmark C 3 (4,411.70) \nEgypt\tABC\t9181322\t(1,974,500.00)(2,500.00)(511,339.35)\n Ethiopia A 5 (13,000.00) \n Finland C 2 (3,500.67) France A 2 (5,000.00) \n C 21 (63,602.53) Germany A 2 (13,500.00) \n C 5 (9,307.08) Greece A 2 (5,000.00) \n C 1 (3,310.00) India\tACD\t464245523\t(15,240,000.00)(4,304,842.49) \n (8,200.00) \nIran (Islamic Republic of)\tAC\t89811\t(3,837,000.00)(141,524.78) Ireland A 3 (9,000.00) \n C 16 (71,626.28) Italy A 3 (10,500.00) \n C 10 (17,685.59) Japan A 1 (3,000.00) \n C 4 (415.24) Jordan\tABCD\t3,32933,6907\t(10,414,500.00)(7,500.00)(8,454,457.56) \n (19,091.02) \nKuwait\tABC\t882180\t(2,149,000.02)(2,500.00)(218,653.08) Lebanon A 63 (200,500.00) \n C 16 (37,522.92) \n Malta C 2 (5,000.00) \n Mauritius C 1 (2,500.00) Morocco A 17 (64,500.00) \n C 2 (1,404.35) Netherlands A 1 (8,000.00) \n C 1 (2,500.00) \n New Zealand C 2 (2,200.02) \n Niger C 1 (5,000.00) Norway A 2 (5,000.00) \n C 2 (3,169.04) Pakistan A 129 (383,000.00) \n C 374 (729,940.05)\n Palestine C 32 (67,297.68) Philippines A 85 (223,000.00) \n C 89 (102,935.95) Poland A 2 (5,500.00) \n C 6 (7,963.48) \n Republic of Korea C 6 (21,649.27) \n Republic of Serbia A 11 (45,500.00) \n Russian Federation A 7 (28,000.00) \n Senegal C 2 (10,000.00) \n Singapore A 1 (5,500.00) \n Slovakia C 2 (701.76) Somalia A 6 (20,500.00) \n C 7 (23,705.49) \n Spain A  1 (2,500.00) Sri Lanka A 255 (748,000.00) \n C 35 (44,897.43) Sudan A 47 (124,500.00) \n C 2 (9,758.12) Sweden A 1 (2,500.00) \n C 4 (10,389.61) Syrian Arab Republic A 204 (575,500.00) \n C 118 (269,335.04) Thailand A 11 (36,500.00) \n C 7 (11,623.36) \nThe former YugoslavRepublic of Macedonia\tA\t1\t(4,000.00) Tunisia A 18 (39,500.00) \n C 53 (64,835.06) Turkey A 41 (123,500.00) \n C 4 (10,531.91) \n Ukraine A 1 (2,500.00) United Kingdom A 15 (38,000.00) \n C 91 (212,337.86)\nUnited Republic ofTanzania\tA\t2\t(8,000.00) United States A 21 (60,500.00) \n C 85 (303,500.98) Yemen A 130 (458,500.00) \n C 6 (11,593.97) \n UNDP Algeria A 1 (4,000.00) UNDP Jerusalem A 4 (13,500.00) \n C 22 (142,869.86) UNDP Washington A 1 (4,000.00) \n C 2 (4,703.42) UNDP Yemen A 28 (81,000.00) \n C 1 (5,000.00) \n UNHCR Bulgaria A 1 (5,000.00) UNHCR Canada A 4 (17,500.00) \n C 7 (20,393.07) \n UNHCR Geneva C 1 (1,557.09) UNRWA Gaza A 134 (369,000.00) C 42 (127,442.64) \n D 1 (2,500.00) \nTotal 22,320\t(54,899,756.89)", "[1] The text of the report appears in document S/AC.26/2006/3.", "[2] In conformity with the provisions of article 40, paragraph 5 of the Rules, information concerning the identities of individual claimants and the amount to be paid to each individual claimant will not be made public, but will be provided to each submitting entity separately." ]

[ "UNITED NATIONS COMPENSATION COMMISSION", "GOVERNING COUNCIL", "Compensation Commission at its 156th meeting, on 3 November 2006", "Governing Council,", "Having received, in accordance with article 41 of the Provisional Rules for Claims Procedure (S/AC.26/1992/10) ( \" the Rules \" ), a report by the Executive Secretary concerning recommended corrections in claims categories A, B, C and D,", "Decides, pursuant to article 41 of the Rules, to correct the amounts of the awards for category “A”, “B”, “C” and “D” claims approved by the Governments concerned [2]. The aggregate corrected amounts per submitting entity and claim category are as follows:", "Table 1. Total corrected amounts by submitting entity and claim category", "(a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (", "[1] The text of the report is contained in document S/AC.26/2006/3.", "[2] Pursuant to article 40, paragraph 5, of the Rules, the identity of individual claimants and the amount of compensation to be paid to each individual claimant will not be made public, but will be provided to the submitting entities separately." ]

[ "联合国赔偿委员会", "理事会", "执行秘书根据《索赔程序暂行规则》 第41条提出的第三十五份报告", "导 言", "1. 本报告根据联合国赔偿委员会(“委员会”)《索赔程序暂行规则》(S/ AC.26/1992/10)(《规则》)第41条，提出自“执行秘书根据索赔程序暂行规则第41条提出的第三十四份报告”(S/AC.26/2006/2)(“第三十四份第41条报告”)以来各类索赔的建议更正。", "2. 本报告涵盖的更正绝大多数是因为理事会在2006年3月7日至9日举行的第五十九届会议上指示秘书处针对通过“模糊”搜寻并经人工后续核对确认属于多付的索赔拟出第41条更正，以及理事会在2006年6月27日至29日举行的第六十届会议上进一步指示将家庭成员比对也包括在内。在作出这些更正时，秘书处运用了理事会第五十九届会议核准的关于比对确认程序以及确定和划分多付额的最终拟议准则。这些涉及“A”类、“B”类、“C”类和“D”类索赔的更正载于本报告第一章。第二章载有因秘书处通过上述电子搜索以外的办法找出的重复索赔而作出的另外几件更正。第三章和和附件一本报告所载拟议更正的概要。第四章提供未决更正请求的最新情况。附件二载有截至理事会第六十届会议按照第41条对裁定的赔偿额作出更正的累计表。", "一、经电子搜索和人工后续核对后提出的建议更正", "3. 这些更正按确认重复的顺序编排。少数情况下，存在不止一种类型多付的情况；有这种情况的索赔列在与拟议更正最贴切的标题之下。", "A. 同一索赔人", "1. 重复索赔", "4. 重复索赔是指，一个索赔人在同一类别内就相同的损失提出不止一件索赔。秘书处确认，以下表1所列索赔是重复索赔，不应给予赔偿。", "5. 据此，建议更正这些索赔的裁定赔偿额。表1列出了有关提交实体、各类中受影响的索赔件数以及净调整额。", "表 1. 重复索赔", "提交实体\t索赔类别\t受影响的索赔件数\t净调整额(美元)\n 孟加拉国 A 18 (64,500.00) \n波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那\tA\t1\t(4,000.00)\n 加拿大 A 1 (5,000.00) 埃及 A 84 (219,000.00) \n C 23 (144,231.81) 印度 A 96 (393,500.00) \n C 3 (12,342.72) \n伊朗伊斯兰共和国\tAC\t5334\t(2,386,500.00)(78,208.95)\n 爱尔兰 C 1 (40,165.24) 约旦 A 56 (256,500.00) \n C 59 (534,395.38) 科威特 A 1 (4,000.00) \n C 1 (13,224.61) \n 黎巴嫩 A 6 (20,000.00) \n 荷兰 A 1 (8,000.00) 巴基斯坦 A 3 (14,500.00) \n C 3 (7,025.97) 菲律宾 A 2 1,500.00 \n C 1 (4,900.00) \n 塞尔维亚共和国 A 9 (36,000.00) \n 索马里 A 1 (8,000.00) \n 斯里兰卡 A 131 (519,500.00) \n阿拉伯叙利亚共和国\tC\t6\t(143,464.68)\n 土耳其 A 1 (2,500.00) \n 乌克兰 A 1 (2,500.00) \n 联合王国 C 1 (4,750.00) 美国 A 1 (5,000.00) \n C 1 (70,878.25) \n 也门 A 4 (20,000.00) \n开发计划署耶路撒冷\tAC\t11\t(5,000.00)(79,310.36)\n难民署保加利亚\tA\t1\t(5,000.00)\n近东工程处加沙\tA\t1\t(5,000.00)\n 合 计 1,057 (5,115,397.97)", "2. 第21号决定索赔(调高或调低赔偿额)", "6. 理事会第21号决定(S/AC.26/Dec.21(1994))规定，“索赔人如果选择了A类中较高的数额(4,000或8,000美元)并且也提交了‘B’类、‘C’类或‘D’类索赔，将被视为选择了‘A’类索赔中相应的较低数额”。秘书处确认，以下表2所列的大多数索赔涉及对索赔人在另一索赔类别中也提交了索赔的“A”类索赔的更正。表2中的其余索赔，其“A”类高低数额之差大于另一索赔类中的裁定额。根据理事会核准的准则，另一索赔类中的裁定额应减为零。秘书处确认，对以下表2所列索赔，应按第21号决定将裁定额减少到与索赔的应有地位相称的数额。", "7. 据此，建议更正这些索赔的裁定赔偿额。表2列出了有关提交实体、各类中受影响的索赔件数以及净调整额。", "表 2. 第21号决定索赔(调高或调低赔偿额)", "提交实体\t索赔类别\t受影响的索赔件数\t净调整额(美元) 孟加拉国 A 15 (22,500.00) \n C 3 (2,814.59) 埃及 A 19 (39,000.00) \n C 1 (415.22) \n 埃塞俄比亚 A 1 (3,000.00) 印度 A 99 (160,500.00) \n C 13 (14,235.11) \n 伊朗伊斯兰共和国 A 31 (90,000.00) \n 爱尔兰 C 1 (650.00) 约旦 A 206 (489,000.00) B 2 (5,000.00) \n C 7 (14,407.58) \n 巴基斯坦 A 3 (6,000.00) \n 巴勒斯坦 C 1 (2,905.00) 菲律宾 A 4 (6,000.00) \n C 1 (968.86) 斯里兰卡 A 88 (132,000) \n C 22 (22,651.54) \n 苏丹 A 4 (6,000.00) \n阿拉伯叙利亚共和国\tA\t2\t(4,500.00)\n 泰国 A 2 (3,000.00) \n 突尼斯 A 13 (24,000.00) \n 土耳其 A 1 (1,500.00) \n 也门 A 6 (13,500.00) \n开发计划署耶路撒冷\tA\t2\t(6,000.00)\n 开发计划署 也门 A 20 (55,500.00) \n 合 计 567 (1,126,047.90)", "3. 第24号决定索赔", "8. 理事会第24号决定(S/AC.26/Dec.24(1994))规定，如果索赔人既提交了“A”类索赔，又在“C”类或“D”类中还提交了离开损失索赔，只有在离开损失的建议赔偿额超过已在“A”类中裁定的赔偿额的情况下才可在“C”类或“D”类中进一步就离开损失判给赔偿。这就要求“C”或“D”专员小组从在“C”类或“D”类中就离开损失判给的任何赔偿额中扣除“A”类中的裁定赔偿额。秘书处确认，以下表3所列的“C”类和“D”类索赔未作应有的扣减。因此，根据理事会核准的准则，应将这些索赔的裁定额减少到与索赔的应有地位相称的数额。", "9. 据此，建议更正这些索赔的裁定赔偿额。表3列出了有关提交实体、各类中受影响的索赔件数以及净调整额。", "表 3. 第24号决定索赔", "提交实体\t索赔类别\t受影响的索赔件数\t净调整额(美元)\n 阿尔及利亚 C 3 (4,134.73) \n 澳大利亚 C 12 (22,091.28) \n 孟加拉国 C 337 (517,115.86) \n 比利时 C 1 (3,303.00) \n 保加利亚 C 6 (8,140.32) \n 加拿大 C 26 (75,737.02) \n 中国 C 1 (2,500.00) \n 克罗地亚 C 2 (4,077.36) \n 塞浦路斯 C 2 (3,320.00) \n 捷克共和国 C 1 (716.50) \n 丹麦 C 3 (4,411.70) \n 埃及 C 146 (168,506.28) \n 芬兰 C 1 (2,479.91) \n 法国 C 19 (58,604.39) \n 德国 C 4 (7,807.09) \n 希腊 C 1 (3,310.00) 印度 C 4,296 (3,997,131.29) \n D 2 (5,700.00) \n伊朗伊斯兰共和国\tC\t2\t(1,700.51)\n 爱尔兰 C 13 (28,311.04) \n 意大利 C 10 (17,685.59) \n 日本 C 4 (415.24) 约旦 C 3,258 (6,853,242.00) \n D 7 (19,091.02) \n 黎巴嫩 C 14 (30,406.56) \n 马耳他 C 2 (5,000.00) \n 毛里求斯 C 1 (2,500.00) \n 摩洛哥 C 2 (1,404.35) \n 荷兰 C 1 (2,500.00) \n 新西兰 C 2 (2,200.02) \n 尼日尔 C 1 (5,000.00) \n 挪威 C 2 (3,169.04) \n 巴基斯坦 C 358 (679,599.22) \n 巴勒斯坦 C 7 (13,717.50) \n 菲律宾 C 85 (93,110.52) \n 波兰 C 5 (4,900.79) \n 大韩民国 C 6 (21,649.27) \n 塞内加尔 C 2 (10,000.00) \n 斯洛伐克 C 2 (701.76) \n 索马里 C 1 (5,000.00) \n 斯里兰卡 C 12 (21,822.32) \n 苏丹 C 2 (9,758.12) \n 瑞典 C 2 (3,889.61) \n阿拉伯叙利亚共和国\tC\t108\t(120,800.35)\n 泰国 C 7 (11,623.36) \n 突尼斯 C 52 (64,362.62) \n 土耳其 C 4 (10,531.91) \n 联合王国 C 73 (174,042.18) \n 美国 C 68 (195,819.92) \n 也门 C 6 (11,593.97) \n开发计划署耶路撒冷\tC\t18\t(57,269.50)\n开发计划署华盛顿\tC\t2\t(4,703.42)\n开发计划署也门\tC\t1\t(5,000.00)\n 难民署 加拿大 C 7 (20,393.07) \n 难民署 日内瓦 C 1 (1,557.09) \n近东工程处加沙\tC\t30\t(91,648.02)\n 合 计 9,041 (13,495,206.62)", "4. 重复损失索赔", "10. 重复损失索赔是指，一个索赔人在一个以上索赔类别内就相同的损失提出索赔，对此除按第24号决定要求扣减之外还需进一步扣减。秘书处确认，表4所列索赔含有未作适当扣减的重复损失内容。", "11. 据此，如表4所列，建议更正这些索赔的裁定赔偿额。表4列出了有关提交实体、各类中受影响的索赔件数以及净调整额。", "表 4. 重复损失索赔", "提交实体 索赔类别 受影响的索赔件数 净调整额(美元)\n 孟加拉国 C 1 (5,711.56)", "印度 C 2 (3,132.90)", "伊朗伊斯兰共和国 C 5 (61,615.32)", "约旦 C 28 (277,998.11)", "科威特 C 2 (22,246.59)", "巴基斯坦 C 1 (2,784.09)", "合 计 39 (373,488.57)", "B. 家庭成员比对", "1. 家庭重复索赔", "12. “A”类索赔表要求家庭成员需在同一索赔表中提出索赔，并列出了家庭赔偿额的上限：8,000美元(家庭成员未在其他类别中提出索赔)或5,000美元(任何家庭成员拟在另一类别中提出一件索赔)。家庭成员分别提交“A”类索赔，如累计裁定赔偿额超过家庭赔偿额上限，即视为家庭重复索赔。秘书处确认，表5所列索赔为家庭重复索赔。", "13. 据此，建议更正这些索赔的裁定赔偿额。表5列出了有关提交实体、各类中受影响的索赔件数以及净调整额。", "表 5. 家庭重复索赔", "提交实体 索赔类别 受影响的索赔件数 净调整额(美元)\n 阿尔及利亚 A 3 (9,000.00)", "孟加拉国 A 69 (229,000.00)", "巴西 A 2 (4,000.00)", "加拿大 A 9 (34,500.00)", "塞浦路斯 A 1 (2,500.00)", "捷克共和国 A 1 (5,500.00)", "埃及 A 652 (1,659,000.00)", "埃塞俄比亚 A 4 (10,000.00)", "法国 A 2 (5,000.00)", "德国 A 2 (13,500.00)", "希腊 A 2 (5,000.00)", "印度 A 2,422 (7,759,000.00)", "伊朗伊斯兰共和国 A 305 (1,266,000.00)", "爱尔兰 A 3 (9,000.00)", "意大利 A 1 (5,500.00)", "约旦 A 2,630 (8,365,500.00)", "科威特 A 663 (1,505,500.02)", "黎巴嫩 A 28 (93,000.00)", "摩洛哥 A 14 (56,500.00)", "挪威 A 2 (5,000.00)", "巴基斯坦 A 87 (261,500.00)", "菲律宾 A 74 (203,500.00)", "波兰 A 2 (5,500.00)", "塞尔维亚共和国 A 1 (5,500.00)", "新加坡 A 1 (5,500.00)", "索马里 A 5 (12,500.00)", "西班牙 A 1 (2,500.00)", "斯里兰卡 A 21 (36,500.00)", "苏丹 A 33 (88,500.00)", "瑞典 A 1 (2,500.00)", "阿拉伯叙利亚共和国 A 159 (450,500.00)", "泰国 A 1 (1,500.00)", "前南斯拉夫的马其顿共和国 A 1 (4,000.00)", "土耳其 A 2 (8,000.00)", "联合王国 A 14 (35,000.00)", "坦桑尼亚联合共和国 A 2 (8,000.00)", "美国 A 16 (44,500.00)", "也门 A 89 (320,500.00)", "开发计划署 阿尔及利亚 A 1 (4,000.00)", "开发计划署 耶路撒冷 A 1 (2,500.00)", "开发计划署 也门 A 5 (15,500.00)", "难民署 加拿大 A 4 (17,500.00)", "近东工程处 加沙 A 39 (116,000.00)", "合 计 7,375 (22,693,500.02)", "2. 第21号决定家庭索赔(调高或调低赔偿额)", "14. 第21号决定家庭索赔是指，一个索赔人在“A”类内按较高上限提出了家庭索赔额，而其家庭成员又在其他个人索赔类别内提出了一件或多件索赔，这种情况违反了“A”类索赔表的要求和第21号决定的规定。秘书处确认，以下表6所列的大多数索赔涉及对“A”类索赔的更正。表6中的其余索赔，应对“B”类或“C”类索赔作更正，因为其“A”类高低数额之差大于另一索赔类中的裁定额。根据理事会核准的准则，另一索赔类中的裁定额应减为零。秘书处确认，对表6所列索赔，应按第21号决定将裁定额减少到与索赔的应有地位相称的数额。", "15. 据此，建议更正这些索赔的裁定赔偿额。表6列出了有关提交实体、各类中受影响的索赔件数以及净调整额。", "表 6. 第21号决定家庭索赔(调高或调低赔偿额)", "提交实体\t索赔类别\t受影响的索赔件数\t净调整额(美元)\n 澳大利亚 A 1 (3,000.00) \n 奥地利 A 1 (3,000.00) \n 孟加拉国 A 6 (18,000.00) 埃及 A 26 (78,000.00) B 1 (2,500.00) \n C 5 (11,256.74) 印度 A 109 (327,000.00) \n C 1 (2,852.36) \n 伊朗伊斯兰共和国 A 16 (48,000.00) \n 日本 A 1 (3,000.00) 约旦 A 233 (699,000.00) B 1 (2,500.00) \n C 12 (27,181.06) 科威特 A 215 (636,000.00) B 1 (2,500.00) \n C 18 (37,092.30) \n 黎巴嫩 A 14 (42,000.00) \n 摩洛哥 A 1 (3,000.00) \n 巴基斯坦 A 13 (39,000.00) \n 巴勒斯坦 C 1 (2,905.00) \n 菲律宾 A 5 (15,000.00) \n 苏丹 A 7 (21,000.00) \n阿拉伯叙利亚共和国\tA\t17\t(51,000.00)\n 突尼斯 A 3 (9,000.00) \n 土耳其 A 1 (3,000.00) \n 联合王国 A 1 (3,000.00) \n 美国 A 2 (6,000.00) \n 也门 A 18 (54,000.00) \n 开发计划署 也门 A 2 (6,000.00) \n 近东工程处 加沙 A 2 (6,000.00) \n 合 计 734 (2,161,787.46)", "3. 第24号决定家庭索赔", "16. 第24号决定家庭索赔是指，一个索赔人在“A”类内提出了家庭索赔额，而其家庭成员又在“C”类或“D”类内提出了离开损失索赔，其得到的裁定赔偿额未按先前“A”类家庭裁定赔偿额作扣减。秘书处确认，表7所列的“C”类和“D”类索赔未作应有的扣减。根据理事会核准的准则，应将这些索赔的裁定额调整到与索赔的应有地位相称的数额。", "17. 据此，建议更正这些索赔的裁定赔偿额。表7列出了有关提交实体、各类中受影响的索赔件数以及净调整额。", "表 7. 第24号决定家庭索赔", "提交实体\t索赔类别\t受影响的索赔件数\t净调整额(美元)\n 阿尔及利亚 C 1 (2,148.94) \n 澳大利亚 C 1 (2,765.83) \n 巴林 C 2 (2,550.00) \n 孟加拉国 C 10 (15,730.31) \n 加拿大 C 3 (7,672.77) \n 埃及 C 147 (186,929.30) \n 芬兰 C 1 (1,020.76) \n 法国 C 2 (4,998.14) \n 德国 C 1 (1,499.99) 印度 C 237 (275,148.11) \n D 1 (2,500.00) \n 爱尔兰 C 1 (2,500.00) \n 约旦 C 326 (747,233.43) \n 科威特 C 59 (146,089.58) \n 黎巴嫩 C 2 (7,116.36) \n 巴基斯坦 C 9 (22,809.86) \n 巴勒斯坦 C 23 (47,770.18) \n 菲律宾 C 2 (3,956.57) \n 波兰 C 1 (3,062.69) \n 索马里 C 6 (18,705.49) \n 斯里兰卡 C 1 (423.57) \n 瑞典 C 2 (6,500.00) \n阿拉伯叙利亚共和国\tC\t4\t(5,070.01)\n 突尼斯 C 1 (472.44) \n 联合王国 C 17 (33,545.68) \n 美国 C 16 (36,802.81) \n开发计划署耶路撒冷\tC\t3\t(6,290.00)\n近东工程处加沙\tCD\t121\t(35,794.62)(2,500.00)\n 合 计 892 (1,629,607.44)", "4. 家庭索赔改为个人索赔", "18. 家庭索赔改为个人索赔的情况是，一个索赔人在“A”类内得到了家庭裁定赔偿额，但没有符合资格的家庭成员列于索赔表中或所列的一个家庭成员自己提出过索赔。秘书处确认，表8所列作为家庭索赔裁定的索赔本应作为个人索赔裁定。这些索赔的裁定额应更正为与索赔的应有地位相称的数额。", "19. 据此，建议更正这些索赔的裁定赔偿额。表8列出了有关提交实体、各类中受影响的索赔件数以及净调整额。", "表 8. 家庭索赔改为个人索赔", "提交实体 索赔类别 受影响的索赔件数 净调整额(美元)\n 孟加拉国 A 83 (290,000.00)", "波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那 A 3 (12,000.00)", "加拿大 A 2 (8,000.00)", "中国 A 1 (4,000.00)", "埃及 A 62 (92,000.00)", "印度 A 1,911 (6,609,000.00)", "伊朗伊斯兰共和国 A 12 (48,000.00)", "意大利 A 2 (5,000.00)", "约旦 A 200 (612,500.00)", "科威特 A 2 (5,000.00)", "黎巴嫩 A 14 (48,500.00)", "摩洛哥 A 2 (5,000.00)", "巴基斯坦 A 23 (62,000.00)", "塞尔维亚共和国 A 1 (4,000.00)", "俄罗斯联邦 A 7 (28,000.00)", "斯里兰卡 A 15 (60,000.00)", "苏丹 A 3 (9,000.00)", "阿拉伯叙利亚共和国 A 26 (69,500.00)", "泰国 A 8 (32,000.00)", "突尼斯 A 2 (6,500.00)", "土耳其 A 35 (110,000.00)", "美国 A 2 (5,000.00)", "也门 A 13 (50,500.00)", "开发计划署 华盛顿 A 1 (4,000.00)", "开发计划署 也门 A 1 (4,000.00)", "近东工程处 加沙 A 92 (242,000.00)", "合 计 2,523 (8,425,500.00)", "5. 个人索赔改为家庭索赔", "20. 个人索赔改为家庭索赔的情况是，索赔被查明在“A”类内得到了个人裁定赔偿额，但经按照理事会核准的准则确定具有符合资格的家庭成员。秘书处确认，这种个人裁定额应调整为与索赔的应有地位相称的数额。对这些索赔不再进一步付给资金，因为每个这样的索赔人都有一件裁定额要按上文A.1节所述减为零的重复索赔。", "21. 据此，建议更正这些索赔的裁定赔偿额。表9列出了有关提交实体、各类中受影响的索赔件数以及净调整额。", "表 9. 个人索赔改为家庭索赔", "提交实体 索赔类别 受影响的索赔件数 净调整额(美元)\n 约旦 A 2 5,000.00", "合 计 2 5,000.00", "6. 数额调高的索赔", "22. 数额调高的索赔的情况是，重复索赔被查明在“A”类内得到了较低的个人或家庭裁定赔偿额，而电子搜索则确认索赔人没有在另一索赔类别内提出索赔。按照理事会核准的准则，每对索赔中的一件被定为重复索赔，而另一件索赔的裁定额则应调整为相应的较高的个人或家庭裁定额。对这些索赔人不再额外付给资金，因为他们的重复索赔的裁定额要按上文A.1节所述减为零。", "23. 据此，建议更正这些索赔的裁定赔偿额。表10列出了有关提交实体、各类中受影响的索赔件数以及净调整额。", "表 10. 数额调高的索赔", "提交实体 索赔类别 受影响的索赔件数 净调整额(美元)\n 孟加拉国 A 1 1,500.00", "埃及 A 75 112,500.00", "印度 A 5 9,000.00", "伊朗伊斯兰共和国 A 1 1,500.00", "约旦 A 2 3,000.00", "科威特 A 1 1,500.00", "黎巴嫩 A 1 3,000.00", "土耳其 A 1 1,500.00", "合 计 87 133,500.00", "二、其他更正", "24. 赔偿委员会收到巴基斯坦政府的信息说，其提交的一些“C”类索赔似包含重复损失，其中分别提交索赔的夫妻双方均得到了裁定额。", "25. 经对这些索赔进行审查，秘书处确认某些C4PP(个人财产)或C6(工资)损失在夫妻双方各自提交的索赔中重复，没有作适当的扣减。", "26. 据此，如表11所示，建议更正这些索赔的裁定赔偿额。", "表 11. 其他更正", "提交实体 索赔类别 受影响的索赔件数 净调整额(美元)\n 巴基斯坦 C 3 (17,720.91)", "合 计 3 (17,720.91)", "三、概 要", "27. 附件一按索赔类别和提交实体概要列出建议的更正，并列明合计裁定额的净扣减数。待理事会核准这些建议的更正后，每个受影响的提交实体将收到一份机密报告，其中列出对各该实体提交赔偿委员会的索赔的更正。", "四、索赔人提出的待处理的第41条更正请求", "28. 根据《规则》第41条就裁定赔偿额提出更正请求的截止日期均已超过。秘书处仍在审查涉及5个索赔人的最后一批在期限内提交的请求。有关这些请求的更正建议，将载于一份以后提交理事会的第41条报告。", "Annex I", "Submitting entity\tClaimcategory\tNumber ofclaimsaffected\tAmount ofnet effect(US$) Algeria A 3 (9,000.00) \n C 4 (6,283.67) Australia A 1 (3,000.00) \n C 13 (24,857.11)\n Austria A 1 (3,000.00) \n Bahrain C 2 (2,550.00) \nBangladesh\tAC\t192351\t(622,500.00)(541,372.32)\n Belgium C 1 (3,303.00) \n Bosnia and Herzegovina A 4 (16,000.00)\n Brazil A 2 (4,000.00) \n Bulgaria C 6 (8,140.32) Canada A 12 (47,500.00) \n C 29 (83,409.79) China A 1 (4,000.00) \n C 1 (2,500.00) \n Croatia C 2 (4,077.36) Cyprus A 1 (2,500.00) \n C 2 (3,320.00) Czech Republic A 1 (5,500.00) \n C 1 (716.50) \n Denmark C 3 (4,411.70) \nEgypt\tABC\t9181322\t(1,974,500.00)(2,500.00)(511,339.35)\n Ethiopia A 5 (13,000.00)\n Finland C 2 (3,500.67) France A 2 (5,000.00) \n C 21 (63,602.53) Germany A 2 (13,500.00) \n C 5 (9,307.08) Greece A 2 (5,000.00) \n C 1 (3,310.00) India\tACD\t4,6424,5523\t(15,240,000.00)(4,304,842.49) \n (8,200.00) \nIran (Islamic Republicof)\tAC\t89811\t(3,837,000.00)(141,524.78) Ireland A 3 (9,000.00) \n C 16 (71,626.28) Italy A 3 (10,500.00) \n C 10 (17,685.59) Japan A 1 (3,000.00) \n C 4 (415.24) Jordan\tABCD\t3,32933,6907\t(10,414,500.00)(7,500.00)(8,454,457.56) \n (19,091.02)\nKuwait\tABC\t882180\t(2,149,000.02)(2,500.00)(218,653.08)\nLebanon\tAC\t6316\t(200,500.00)(37,522.92)\n Malta C 2 (5,000.00) \n Mauritius C 1 (2,500.00) Morocco A 17 (64,500.00) \n C 2 (1,404.35) Netherlands A 1 (8,000.00) \n C 1 (2,500.00) \n New Zealand C 2 (2,200.02) \n Niger C 1 (5,000.00) Norway A 2 (5,000.00) \n C 2 (3,169.04) \nPakistan\tAC\t129374\t(383,000.00)(729,940.05)\n Palestine C 32 (67,297.68)\nPhilippines\tAC\t8589\t(223,000.00)(102,935.95) Poland A 2 (5,500.00) \n C 6 (7,963.48) \n Republic of Korea C 6 (21,649.27)\n Republic of Serbia A 11 (45,500.00)\n Russian Federation A 7 (28,000.00)\n Senegal C 2 (10,000.00)\n Singapore A 1 (5,500.00) \n Slovakia C 2 (701.76) Somalia A 6 (20,500.00) \n C 7 (23,705.49)\n Spain A  1 (2,500.00) \nSri Lanka\tAC\t25535\t(748,000.00)(44,897.43)\nSudan\tAC\t472\t(124,500.00)(9,758.12) Sweden A 1 (2,500.00) \n C 4 (10,389.61)\nSyrian Arab Republic\tAC\t204118\t(575,500.00)(269,335.04) Thailand A 11 (36,500.00) \n C 7 (11,623.36)\nThe former YugoslavRepublic of Macedonia\tA\t1\t(4,000.00) Tunisia A 18 (39,500.00) \n C 53 (64,835.06)\nTurkey\tAC\t414\t(123,500.00)(10,531.91)\n Ukraine A 1 (2,500.00) United Kingdom A 15 (38,000.00) \n\tC\t91\t(212,337.86)\nUnited Republic ofTanzania\tA\t2\t(8,000.00) United States A 21 (60,500.00) \n\tC\t85\t(303,500.98)\nYemen\tAC\t1306\t(458,500.00)(11,593.97)\n UNDP Algeria A 1 (4,000.00) UNDP Jerusalem A 4 (13,500.00) \n\tC\t22\t(142,869.86) UNDP Washington A 1 (4,000.00) \n C 2 (4,703.42) UNDP Yemen A 28 (81,000.00) \n C 1 (5,000.00) \n UNHCR Bulgaria A 1 (5,000.00) UNHCR Canada A 4 (17,500.00) \n C 7 (20,393.07)\n UNHCR Geneva C 1 (1,557.09) UNRWA Gaza\tACD\t134421\t(369,000.00)(127,442.64) \n (2,500.00) \nTotal 22,320\t(54,899,756.89)", "Annex II", "ARTICLE 41 CORRECTIONS TO CLAIMS AWARDS (UP TO THE SIXTIETH SESSION OF THE GOVERNING COUNCIL)", "Report Category A Category B Category C Category D Category E Category F Total\n Net correction Number of Net Number of Net correction Number of Net correction Number of Net correction Number of Net correction Number of Net corrections Number of for category claims correction claims for category claims for category claims for category claims for category claims for categories A, claims (US$) corrected for category corrected (US$) corrected (US$) corrected (US$) corrected (US$) corrected B, C, D, E and F corrected in (US$) (US$) categories A, B, C, D, E and F", "A (6) (6,439,500.00) 2,575 - - - - - - - - - - (6,439,500.00) 2,575 panel", "B (2.2) - - (12,500.00) 3 ^(a) - - - - - - - - (12,500.00) 3 ^(a) panel", "B (3) - - 110,000.00 10 ^(b) - - - - - - - - 110,000.00 10 ^(b) panel", "C (4) - - - - (1,922.00) 49 - - - - - - (1,922.00) 49 panel", "C (5) - - - - (77,190.00) 6 - - - - - - (77,190.00) 6 panel", "C (6) - - - - 72,685.00 15 - - - - - - 72,685.00 15 panel", "D (5) - - - - - - (2,646.81) 7 - - - - (2,646.81) 7 panel", "D (7) - - - - - - (38,836.21) 13 - - - - (38,836.21) 13 panel", "D1 (9.1) - - - - - - 103,532.16 4 - - - - 103,532.16 4 panel", "Special D - - - - - - (13,283,441.51) 426 - - - - (13,283,441.51) 426 panel", "E3 (10) - - - - - - - - 325,850.00 1 - - 325,850.00 1 panel", "E4 (3) - - - - - - - - 536,513.00 3 - - 536,513.00 3 panel", "Article (5,500.00) 10 - - - - - - - - - - (5,500.00) 10 41(1)", "Article (49,000.00) 16 - - - - - - - - - - (49,000.00) 16 41(2)", "Article 1,500.00 4 - - - - - - - - - - 1,500.00 4 41(3)", "Article (83,000.00) 19 - - - - - - - - - - (83,000.00) 19 41(4)", "Article (18,500.00) 5 - - - - - - - - - - (18,500.00) 5 41(5)", "Article 15,867,500.00 10,757 - - - - - - - - - - 15,867,500.00 10,757 41(6)", "Article (6,975,500.00) 3,385 - - - - - - - - - - (6,975,500.00) 3,385 41(7)", "Article (7,806,000.00) 4,385 - - 70,613,604.05 23,282 - - - - - - 62,807,604.05 27,667 41(8)", "Article (4,136,500.00) 1,062 - - 5,278,142.15 1,730 - - - - - - 1,141,642.15 2,792 41(9)", "Article (1,446,000.00) 364 - - 3,168,018.90 467 - - - - - - 1,722,018.90 831 41(10)", "Article (1,358,500.00) 370 - - - - - - - - - - (1,358,500.00) 370 41(11)", "Article (112,000.00) 26 - - 613,498.37 40 - - - - - - 501,498.37 66 41(12)", "Article (55,500.00) 40 - - (102,863.22) 27 - - - - - - (158,363.22) 67 41(13)", "Article (8,000.00) 31 - - 5,580,355.48 625 103,532.16 4 - - - - 5,675,887.64 660 41(14)", "Article (10,500.00) 19 - - - - (57.66) 6 (7,264.37) 1 - - (17,822.03) 26 41(15)", "Article 142,000.00 73 - - 453,162.71 54 - - - - - - 595,162.71 127 41(16)", "Article 707,500.00 446 - - 77,461.07 6 - - - - - - 784,961.07 452 41(17)", "Article 119,500.00 77 - - - - - - (43,413) 1 - - 76,087 78 41(18)", "Article 154,000.00 55 - - 46,976.14 6 400,986.95 6 - - - - 601,963.09 67 41(19)", "Article 3,739,500.00 1,896 - - 53,342.85 1 - - - - - - 3,792,842.85 1,897 41(20)", "Article 1,157,500 688 - - - - - - - - - - 1,157,500.00 688 41(21)", "Article 4,419,000.00 2,730 - - - - - - - - - - 4,419,000.00 2,730 41(22)", "Article 44,500.00 20 - - 161,331.14 15 12,411.60 1 (48,653.00) 7 - - 169,589.74 43 41(23)", "Article (3,911,000) 981 - - 78,646.76 12 93,543.56 3 - - - - (3,738,809.68) 996 41(24)", "Article (11,958,000) 3,002 - - 1,033,956.47 617 (9,788) 1 - - - - (10,933,831.53) 3620 41(25)", "Article (176,500) 47 - - (4,625.19) 1 (35,854.67) 1 - - - - (216,979.86) 49 41(26)", "Article (21,500) 19 - - (4,435.28) 32 - - - - - - (25,935.28) 51 41(27)", "Article (17,000) 10 - - (643,080.71) 40 132,837.45 7 - - - - (527,243.26) 57 41(28)", "Article (384,500) 104 - - 2,431,846.73 342 65,197.89 8 - - - - 2,112,544.62 454 41(29)", "Article (106,000) 56 - - (135,259.01) 22 2,293,477.06 6 1,227,025.00 1 (2,552,000.00) 2 727,243.05 87 41(30)", "Article (884,500) 225 - - 293,049.23 70 1,009,224.50 8 - - - - 417,773.73 303 41(31)", "Article (1,379,000) 461 - - 39,180.66 7 25,159.36 2 - - - - (1,314,659.98) 470 41(32)", "Article (179,500.00) 69 - - (72,225.81) 10 10,515.61 1 - - - (241,210.20) 80 41(33)", "Article (8,139,000.00) 2,706 - - 62,700.69 29 - - - - - - (8,076,299.31) 2,735 41(34)", "Total (29,308,000.00) 36,733 97,500.00 13 89,016,357.18 27,505 (9,120,206.56) 504 1,990,057.63 14 (2,552,000.00) 2 50,123,708.25 64,758", "^(a) Number of consolidated claim submissions, as conveyed in the panel report.", "^(b) Number of consolidated claim submissions, as conveyed in the panel report." ]

[ "UNITED \n NATIONS \n [] Security Council \n Distr. \n GENERAL \nS/AC.26/2006/3 \n 0 \n3November2006 \nOriginal:ENGLISH", "UNITED NATIONS", "COMPENSATION COMMISSION", "GOVERNING COUNCIL", "THIRTY-FIFTH REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY PURSUANT TO", "ARTICLE 41 OF THE PROVISIONAL RULES FOR CLAIMS PROCEDURE Introduction", "1. The present report identifies, pursuant to article 41 of the Provisional Rules for Claims Procedure (S/AC.26/1992/10) of the United Nations Compensation Commission, recommended corrections in the individual claims categories since the “Thirty-fourth report of the Executive Secretary pursuant to article 41 of the Provisional Rules for Claims Procedure) (S/AC.26/2006/2) (“thirty-fourth article 41 report”).", "2. The vast majority of the corrections contained in the present report arise from the Governing Council’s direction to the secretariat at its fifty-ninth session held on 7 to 9 March 2006 to prepare article 41 corrections with respect to claims identified through electronic (including “fuzzy”) searches and manual follow-up as having confirmed overpayments, and the further direction of the Council at its sixtieth session held on 27 to 29 June 2006 to include family member matches. In preparing these corrections, the secretariat applied its final proposed guidelines for match confirmation procedures and for determining and allocating overpayments, as approved by the Governing Council at its fifty-ninth session. These corrections, which involve claims in categories A, B, C and D, are contained in chapter I of the present report. Chapter II contains several further corrections arising from duplications identified by the secretariat other than through the electronic searches referred to above. Chapter III and annex I contain a summary of the proposed corrections contained in the present report. Chapter IV provides an update on pending requests for correction. Annex II contains a cumulative table of article 41 corrections to claim awards up to the sixtieth session of the Governing Council.", "I. RECOMMENDED CORRECTIONS ARISING FROM ELECTRONIC", "SEARCHES AND MANUAL FOLLOW-UP", "3. These corrections are broken down by the way in which the confirmed overpayment arose. In a small number of cases, more than one type of overpayment arose; such claims are included under the heading most appropriate to the correction being proposed.", "A. Same claimant", "1. Duplicate claims", "4. Duplicate claims arise where a claimant filed more than one claim in the same category for the same losses. The secretariat confirms that the claims set out in table 1 below are duplicates and should not have been awarded compensation.", "5. Accordingly, it is recommended that the awards for these claims be corrected. Table 1 identifies the submitting entities concerned, the number of claims affected by category and the net effect of the adjustments.", "Table 1. Duplicate claims", "Submittingentity\tClaim category\tNumber ofclaimsaffected\tAmount of neteffect (US$)\n Bangladesh A 18 (64,500.00) \nBosnia andHerzegovina\tA\t1\t(4,000.00)\n Canada A 1 (5,000.00) Egypt A 84 (219,000.00) \n C 23 (144,231.81) India A 96 (393,500.00) \n C 3 (12,342.72) \nIran (IslamicRepublic of)\tAC\t5334\t(2,386,500.00)(78,208.95)\n Ireland C 1 (40,165.24) Jordan A 56 (256,500.00) \n C 59 (534,395.38) Kuwait A 1 (4,000.00) \n C 1 (13,224.61) \n Lebanon A 6 (20,000.00) \n Netherlands A 1 (8,000.00) Pakistan A 3 (14,500.00) \n C 3 (7,025.97) Philippines A 2 1,500.00 \n C 1 (4,900.00) \nRepublic ofSerbia\tA\t9\t(36,000.00)\n Somalia A 1 (8,000.00) \n Sri Lanka A 131 (519,500.00) \nSyrian ArabRepublic\tC\t6\t(143,464.68)\n Turkey A 1 (2,500.00) \n Ukraine A 1 (2,500.00) \n United Kingdom C 1 (4,750.00) United States A 1 (5,000.00) \n C 1 (70,878.25) \n Yemen A 4 (20,000.00) UNDP Jerusalem A 1 (5,000.00) \n C 1 (79,310.36) \n UNHCR Bulgaria A 1 (5,000.00) \n UNRWA Gaza A 1 (5,000.00) \n Total 1,057 (5,115,397.97)", "2. Decision 21 claims (higher to lower amounts)", "6. Decision 21 (S/AC.26/Dec.21 (1994)) of the Governing Council provides that “any claimant who has selected a higher amount in category A (US$4,000 or US$8,000) and has also filed a claim in category B, C or D will be deemed to have selected the corresponding lower amount under category A.” The secretariat confirms that the majority of the claims set out in table 2 below involve corrections to category A claims filed by claimants who had also filed claims in another claim category. For the remaining claims in table 2, the difference between the higher to lower amount in category A is greater than the amount awarded in the other claim category. Under the guidelines approved by the Governing Council, the award in that other claim category should be reduced to zero. The secretariat confirms that the claims set out in table 2 below should be reduced per decision 21 to the amounts appropriate to the proper status of the claims.", "7. Accordingly, it is recommended that the awards for these claims be corrected. Table 2 identifies the submitting entities concerned, the number of claims affected by category and the net effect of the adjustments.", "Table 2. Decision 21 claims (higher to lower amounts)", "Submittingentity\tClaimcategory\tNumber ofclaims affected\tAmount of neteffect (US$) Bangladesh A 15 (22,500.00) \n C 3 (2,814.59) Egypt A 19 (39,000.00) \n C 1 (415.22) \n Ethiopia A 1 (3,000.00) India A 99 (160,500.00) \n C 13 (14,235.11) \nIran (IslamicRepublic of)\tA\t31\t(90,000.00)\n Ireland C 1 (650.00) Jordan A 206 (489,000.00) B 2 (5,000.00) \n C 7 (14,407.58) \n Pakistan A 3 (6,000.00) \n Palestine C 1 (2,905.00) Philippines A 4 (6,000.00) \n C 1 (968.86) Sri Lanka A 88 (132,000) \n C 22 (22,651.54) \n Sudan A 4 (6,000.00) \nSyrian ArabRepublic\tA\t2\t(4,500.00)\n Thailand A 2 (3,000.00) \n Tunisia A 13 (24,000.00) \n Turkey A 1 (1,500.00) \n Yemen A 6 (13,500.00) \n UNDP Jerusalem A 2 (6,000.00) \n UNDP Yemen A 20 (55,500.00) \n Total 567 (1,126,047.90)", "3. Decision 24 claims", "8. Decision 24 (S/AC.26/Dec.24 (1994)) of the Governing Council provides that where a claimant filed a claim in category A and also filed for departure losses in category C or D, a further award for departure losses could be made in category C or D only where the amount recommended for departure losses exceeds the amount already awarded in category A. This required the category C or D panel of Commissioners to deduct the amount awarded in category A from any proposed award for departure losses in category C or D. The secretariat confirms that the category C and D claims set out in table 3 below were not subject to the required deductions. Therefore the awards for these claims should be adjusted to the amounts appropriate to the proper status of these claims, having regard to the guidelines approved by the Governing Council.", "9. Accordingly, it is recommended that the awards for these claims be corrected. Table 3 identifies the submitting entities concerned, the number of claims affected by category and the net effect of the adjustments.", "Table 3. Decision 24 claims", "Submittingentity\tClaim category\tNumber ofclaimsaffected\tAmount of neteffect (US$)\n Algeria C 3 (4,134.73) \n Australia C 12 (22,091.28) \n Bangladesh C 337 (517,115.86) \n Belgium C 1 (3,303.00) \n Bulgaria C 6 (8,140.32) \n Canada C 26 (75,737.02) \n China C 1 (2,500.00) \n Croatia C 2 (4,077.36) \n Cyprus C 2 (3,320.00) \n Czech Republic C 1 (716.50) \n Denmark C 3 (4,411.70) \n Egypt C 146 (168,506.28) \n Finland C 1 (2,479.91) \n France C 19 (58,604.39) \n Germany C 4 (7,807.09) \n Greece C 1 (3,310.00) India C 4,296 (3,997,131.29) \n D 2 (5,700.00) \nIran (IslamicRepublic of)\tC\t2\t(1,700.51)\n Ireland C 13 (28,311.04) \n Italy C 10 (17,685.59) \n Japan C 4 (415.24) Jordan C 3,258 (6,853,242.00) \n D 7 (19,091.02) \n Lebanon C 14 (30,406.56) \n Malta C 2 (5,000.00) \n Mauritius C 1 (2,500.00) \n Morocco C 2 (1,404.35) \n Netherlands C 1 (2,500.00) \n New Zealand C 2 (2,200.02) \n Niger C 1 (5,000.00) \n Norway C 2 (3,169.04) \n Pakistan C 358 (679,599.22) \n Palestine C 7 (13,717.50) \n Philippines C 85 (93,110.52) \n Poland C 5 (4,900.79) \nRepublic ofKorea\tC\t6\t(21,649.27)\n Senegal C 2 (10,000.00) \n Slovakia C 2 (701.76) \n Somalia C 1 (5,000.00) \n Sri Lanka C 12 (21,822.32) \n Sudan C 2 (9,758.12) \n Sweden C 2 (3,889.61) \nSyrian ArabRepublic\tC\t108\t(120,800.35)\n Thailand C 7 (11,623.36) \n Tunisia C 52 (64,362.62) \n Turkey C 4 (10,531.91) \n United Kingdom C 73 (174,042.18) \n United States C 68 (195,819.92) \n Yemen C 6 (11,593.97) \n UNDP Jerusalem C 18 (57,269.50) \nUNDPWashington\tC\t2\t(4,703.42)\n UNDP Yemen C 1 (5,000.00) \n UNHCR Canada C 7 (20,393.07) \n UNHCR Geneva C 1 (1,557.09) \n UNRWA Gaza C 30 (91,648.02) \n Total 9,041 (13,495,206.62)", "4. Duplicate loss claims", "10. Duplicate loss claims arise where a claimant filed for the same losses in more than one claim category that require deductions in addition to those required under decision 24. The secretariat confirms that the claims set out in table 4 contain duplicate loss elements for which appropriate deductions were not made.", "11. Accordingly, as set forth in table 4, it is recommended that the awards for these claims be corrected. Table 4 identifies the submitting entities concerned, the number of claims affected by category and the net effect of the adjustments.", "Table 4. Duplicate loss claims", "Submitting entity Claim category Number of claims Amount of net affected effect (US$)\n Bangladesh C 1 (5,711.56)", "India C 2 (3,132.90)", "Iran (Islamic C 5 (61,615.32) Republic of)", "Jordan C 28 (277,998.11)", "Kuwait C 2 (22,246.59)", "Pakistan C 1 (2,784.09)", "Total 39 (373,488.57)", "B. Family member matches", "1. Family duplicates", "12. The category A claim form instructed family members to file jointly on the same claim form and indicated the ceilings for family awards: $8,000 (if no claims were filed by family members in other categories) or $5,000 (if any family members intended to file a claim in another category). Separate category A claims filed by family members with aggregate awards in excess of the maximum family amount are considered family duplicates. The secretariat confirms that the claims set out in table 5 below are family duplicates.", "13. Accordingly it is recommended that the awards for these claims be corrected. Table 5 identifies the submitting entities concerned, the number of claims affected by category and the net effect of the adjustments.", "Table 5. Family duplicate claims", "Submitting entity Claim category Number of claims Amount of net affected effect (US$)\n Algeria A 3 (9,000.00)", "Bangladesh A 69 (229,000.00)", "Brazil A 2 (4,000.00)", "Canada A 9 (34,500.00)", "Cyprus A 1 (2,500.00)", "Czech Republic A 1 (5,500.00)", "Egypt A 652 (1,659,000.00)", "Ethiopia A 4 (10,000.00)", "France A 2 (5,000.00)", "Germany A 2 (13,500.00)", "Greece A 2 (5,000.00)", "India A 2,422 (7,759,000.00)", "Iran (Islamic A 305 (1,266,000.00) Republic of)", "Ireland A 3 (9,000.00)", "Italy A 1 (5,500.00)", "Jordan A 2,630 (8,365,500.00)", "Kuwait A 663 (1,505,500.02)", "Lebanon A 28 (93,000.00)", "Morocco A 14 (56,500.00)", "Norway A 2 (5,000.00)", "Pakistan A 87 (261,500.00)", "Philippines A 74 (203,500.00)", "Poland A 2 (5,500.00)", "Republic of Serbia A 1 (5,500.00)", "Singapore A 1 (5,500.00)", "Somalia A 5 (12,500.00)", "Spain A 1 (2,500.00)", "Sri Lanka A 21 (36,500.00)", "Sudan A 33 (88,500.00)", "Sweden A 1 (2,500.00)", "Syrian Arab A 159 (450,500.00) Republic", "Thailand A 1 (1,500.00)", "The former Yugoslav A 1 (4,000.00) Republic of Macedonia", "Turkey A 2 (8,000.00)", "United Kingdom A 14 (35,000.00)", "United Republic of A 2 (8,000.00) Tanzania", "United States A 16 (44,500.00)", "Yemen A 89 (320,500.00)", "UNDP Algeria A 1 (4,000.00)", "UNDP Jerusalem A 1 (2,500.00)", "UNDP Yemen A 5 (15,500.00)", "UNHCR Canada A 4 (17,500.00)", "UNRWA Gaza A 39 (116,000.00)", "Total 7,375 (22,693,500.02)", "2. Family decision 21 claims (higher to lower amounts)", "14. Family decision 21 claims arise where a claimant filed for the higher family amount in category A and members of his or her family also filed one or more claims in other individual claims categories, contrary to the instructions on the category A claim form and decision 21 of the Governing Council. The secretariat confirms that the majority of the claims set out in table 6 below involve corrections to category A claims. For the remaining claims in table 6, corrections should be made to the category B or C claim as the difference between the higher to lower amount in category A is greater than the amount awarded in the other claim category. Under the guidelines approved by the Governing Council, the award in that other claim category should be reduced to zero. The secretariat confirms that the claims set out in table 6 should be reduced per decision 21 to the amounts appropriate to the proper status of the claims.", "15. Accordingly, it is recommended that the awards for these claims be corrected. Table 6 identifies the submitting entities concerned, the number of claims affected by category and the net effect of the adjustments.", "Table 6. Family decision 21 claims (higher to lower amounts)", "Submitting entity\tClaimcategory\tNumber ofclaimsaffected\tAmount of neteffect (US$)\n Australia A 1 (3,000.00) \n Austria A 1 (3,000.00) \n Bangladesh A 6 (18,000.00) Egypt A 26 (78,000.00) B 1 (2,500.00) \n C 5 (11,256.74) India A 109 (327,000.00) \n C 1 (2,852.36) \nIran (IslamicRepublic of)\tA\t16\t(48,000.00)\n Japan A 1 (3,000.00) Jordan A 233 (699,000.00) B 1 (2,500.00) \n C 12 (27,181.06) Kuwait A 215 (636,000.00) B 1 (2,500.00) \n C 18 (37,092.30) \n Lebanon A 14 (42,000.00) \n Morocco A 1 (3,000.00) \n Pakistan A 13 (39,000.00) \n Palestine C 1 (2,905.00) \n Philippines A 5 (15,000.00) \n Sudan A 7 (21,000.00) \nSyrian ArabRepublic\tA\t17\t(51,000.00)\n Tunisia A 3 (9,000.00) \n Turkey A 1 (3,000.00) \n United Kingdom A 1 (3,000.00) \n United States A 2 (6,000.00) \n Yemen A 18 (54,000.00) \n UNDP Yemen A 2 (6,000.00) \n UNRWA Gaza A 2 (6,000.00) \n Total 734 (2,161,787.46)", "3. Family decision 24 claims", "16. Family decision 24 claims arise where a claimant filed a family claim in category A and members of his or her family also filed for departure losses in category C or D and received an award that was not subject to a deduction for the amount previously awarded to the family in category A. The secretariat confirms that the category C and D claims set out in table 7 were not subject to the required deductions. The awards for these claims should be adjusted to the amounts appropriate to the proper status of the claims, having regard to the guidelines approved by the Governing Council.", "17. Accordingly, it is recommended that the awards for these claims be corrected. Table 7 identifies the submitting entities concerned, the number of claims affected by category, and the net effect of the adjustments.", "Table 7. Family decision 24 claims", "Submittingentity\tClaim category\tNumber ofclaimsaffected\tAmount of neteffect (US$)\n Algeria C 1 (2,148.94) \n Australia C 1 (2,765.83) \n Bahrain C 2 (2,550.00) \n Bangladesh C 10 (15,730.31) \n Canada C 3 (7,672.77) \n Egypt C 147 (186,929.30) \n Finland C 1 (1,020.76) \n France C 2 (4,998.14) \n Germany C 1 (1,499.99) India C 237 (275,148.11) \n D 1 (2,500.00) \n Ireland C 1 (2,500.00) \n Jordan C 326 (747,233.43) \n Kuwait C 59 (146,089.58) \n Lebanon C 2 (7,116.36) \n Pakistan C 9 (22,809.86) \n Palestine C 23 (47,770.18) \n Philippines C 2 (3,956.57) \n Poland C 1 (3,062.69) \n Somalia C 6 (18,705.49) \n Sri Lanka C 1 (423.57) \n Sweden C 2 (6,500.00) \nSyrian ArabRepublic\tC\t4\t(5,070.01)\n Tunisia C 1 (472.44) \n United Kingdom C 17 (33,545.68) \n United States C 16 (36,802.81) \n UNDP Jerusalem C 3 (6,290.00) UNRWA Gaza C 12 (35,794.62) \n D 1 (2,500.00) \n Total 892 (1,629,607.44)", "4. Family to individual claims", "18. Family to individual claims arise where a claimant receives a family award in category A but has no qualifying family members listed on the claim form or listed a family member who filed his or her own claim. The secretariat confirms that the claims set out in table 8 were awarded as family claims when they should have been awarded as individual claims. The awards for these claims should be corrected to awards appropriate to the proper status of the claims.", "19. Accordingly, it is recommended that the awards for these claims be corrected. Table 8 identifies the submitting entities concerned, the number of claims affected by category and the net effect of the adjustments.", "Table 8. Family to individual claims", "Submitting entity Claim category Number of claims Amount of net affected effect (US$)\n Bangladesh A 83 (290,000.00)", "Bosnia and A 3 (12,000.00) Herzegovina", "Canada A 2 (8,000.00)", "China A 1 (4,000.00)", "Egypt A 62 (92,000.00)", "India A 1,911 (6,609,000.00)", "Iran (Islamic A 12 (48,000.00) Republic of)", "Italy A 2 (5,000.00)", "Jordan A 200 (612,500.00)", "Kuwait A 2 (5,000.00)", "Lebanon A 14 (48,500.00)", "Morocco A 2 (5,000.00)", "Pakistan A 23 (62,000.00)", "Republic of A 1 (4,000.00) Serbia", "Russian A 7 (28,000.00) Federation", "Sri Lanka A 15 (60,000.00)", "Sudan A 3 (9,000.00)", "Syrian Arab A 26 (69,500.00) Republic", "Thailand A 8 (32,000.00)", "Tunisia A 2 (6,500.00)", "Turkey A 35 (110,000.00)", "United States A 2 (5,000.00)", "Yemen A 13 (50,500.00)", "UNDP Washington A 1 (4,000.00)", "UNDP Yemen A 1 (4,000.00)", "UNRWA Gaza A 92 (242,000.00)", "Total 2,523 (8,425,500.00)", "5. Individual to family claims", "20. Individual to family claims arise when claims are identified that were awarded an individual award in category A but have been determined, in accordance with the guidelines approved by the Governing Council, to have qualifying family members. The secretariat confirms that the individual awards should be adjusted to awards appropriate to the proper status of the claims. No further funds will be disbursed in relation to these claims as each of these claimants has a duplicate claim that is being reduced to zero as set out in section A.1 above.", "21. Accordingly, it is recommended that the awards for these claims be corrected. Table 9 identifies the submitting entities concerned, the number of claims affected by category and the net effect of the adjustments.", "Table 9. Individual to family claims", "Submitting entity Claim category Number of claims Amount of net affected effect (US$)\n Jordan A 2 5,000.00", "Total 2 5,000.00", "6. Lower to higher amount claims", "22. Lower to higher amount claims arise when duplicate claims are identified that were awarded the lower individual or family amount in category A but electronic searches confirmed that the claimants did not file claims in another claim category. In accordance with the guidelines approved by the Governing Council, one of the claims in each claim pair was declared a duplicate claim and the other should be adjusted to the appropriate higher individual or family amount. No additional funds will be disbursed to these claimants as the awards in respect of these claimants’ duplicate claims are being reduced to zero as set out in section A.1 above.", "23. Accordingly, it is recommended that the awards for these claims be corrected. Table 10 identifies the submitting entities concerned, the number of claims affected by category and the net effect of the adjustments.", "Table 10. Lower to higher amount claims", "Submitting entity Claim category Number of claims Amount of net affected effect (US$)\n Bangladesh A 1 1,500.00", "Egypt A 75 112,500.00", "India A 5 9,000.00", "Iran (Islamic A 1 1,500.00 Republic of)", "Jordan A 2 3,000.00", "Kuwait A 1 1,500.00", "Lebanon A 1 3,000.00", "Turkey A 1 1,500.00", "Total 87 133,500.00", "II. OTHER CORRECTIONS", "24. The Compensation Commission received information from the Government of Pakistan that certain category C claims that it had submitted appear to contain duplicate losses for which awards were made to both the husband and the wife, who had filed separate claims.", "25. Following a review of these claims, the secretariat confirms that certain C4PP (personal property) or C6 (salary) losses were duplicated in the claims of two sets of husbands and wives, for which appropriate deductions were not made.", "26. Accordingly, as set forth in table 11, it is recommended that the awards for these claims be corrected.", "Table 11. Other corrections", "Submitting entity Claim category Number of claims Amount of net affected effect (US$)\n Pakistan C 3 (17,720.91)", "Total 3 (17,720.91)", "III. SUMMARY", "27. Annex I summarizes the recommended corrections by claim category and submitting entity, and indicates the net decrease in the total amount awarded. Upon Governing Council approval of the recommended corrections, each affected submitting entity will receive a confidential report setting out the corrections made to the claims that it submitted to the Compensation Commission.", "IV. PENDING REQUESTS BY CLAIMANTS FOR ARTICLE 41 CORRECTIONS", "28. All of the deadlines for filing requests for the correction of awards under article 41 of the Rules have expired. The secretariat is continuing its review of the last timely filed requests concerning five claims. Any recommendations for correction in connection with these requests will be contained in a further article 41 report to the Council.", "Annex I", "Submittingentity\tClaim category\tNumber ofclaims affected\tAmount of neteffect (US$) Algeria A 3 (9,000.00) \n C 4 (6,283.67) Australia A 1 (3,000.00) \n C 13 (24,857.11) \n Austria A 1 (3,000.00) \n Bahrain C 2 (2,550.00) Bangladesh A 192 (622,500.00) \n C 351 (541,372.32) \n Belgium C 1 (3,303.00) \nBosnia andHerzegovina\tA\t4\t(16,000.00)\n Brazil A 2 (4,000.00) \n Bulgaria C 6 (8,140.32) Canada A 12 (47,500.00) \n C 29 (83,409.79) China A 1 (4,000.00) \n C 1 (2,500.00) \n Croatia C 2 (4,077.36) Cyprus A 1 (2,500.00) \n C 2 (3,320.00) Czech Republic A 1 (5,500.00) \n C 1 (716.50) \n Denmark C 3 (4,411.70) Egypt A 918 (1,974,500.00) B 1 (2,500.00) \n C 322 (511,339.35) \n Ethiopia A 5 (13,000.00) \n Finland C 2 (3,500.67) France A 2 (5,000.00) \n C 21 (63,602.53) Germany A 2 (13,500.00) \n C 5 (9,307.08) Greece A 2 (5,000.00) \n C 1 (3,310.00) India A 4,642 (15,240,000.00) C 4,552 (4,304,842.49) \n D 3 (8,200.00) \nIran (IslamicRepublic of)\tAC\t89811\t(3,837,000.00)(141,524.78) Ireland A 3 (9,000.00) \n C 16 (71,626.28) Italy A 3 (10,500.00) \n C 10 (17,685.59) Japan A 1 (3,000.00) \n C 4 (415.24) Jordan A 3,329 (10,414,500.00) B 3 (7,500.00) C 3,690 (8,454,457.56) \n D 7 (19,091.02) Kuwait A 882 (2,149,000.02) B 1 (2,500.00) \n C 80 (218,653.08) Lebanon A 63 (200,500.00) \n C 16 (37,522.92) \n Malta C 2 (5,000.00) \n Mauritius C 1 (2,500.00) Morocco A 17 (64,500.00) \n C 2 (1,404.35) Netherlands A 1 (8,000.00) \n C 1 (2,500.00) \n New Zealand C 2 (2,200.02) \n Niger C 1 (5,000.00) Norway A 2 (5,000.00) \n C 2 (3,169.04) Pakistan A 129 (383,000.00) \n C 374 (729,940.05) \n Palestine C 32 (67,297.68) Philippines A 85 (223,000.00) \n C 89 (102,935.95) Poland A 2 (5,500.00) \n C 6 (7,963.48) \nRepublic ofKorea\tC\t6\t(21,649.27)\nRepublic ofSerbia\tA\t11\t(45,500.00)\nRussianFederation\tA\t7\t(28,000.00)\n Senegal C 2 (10,000.00) \n Singapore A 1 (5,500.00) \n Slovakia C 2 (701.76) Somalia A 6 (20,500.00) \n C 7 (23,705.49) \n Spain A  1 (2,500.00) Sri Lanka A 255 (748,000.00) \n C 35 (44,897.43) Sudan A 47 (124,500.00) \n C 2 (9,758.12) Sweden A 1 (2,500.00) \n C 4 (10,389.61) \nSyrian ArabRepublic\tAC\t204118\t(575,500.00)(269,335.04) Thailand A 11 (36,500.00) \n C 7 (11,623.36) \nThe formerYugoslavRepublic ofMacedonia\tA\t1\t(4,000.00) Tunisia A 18 (39,500.00) \n C 53 (64,835.06) Turkey A 41 (123,500.00) \n C 4 (10,531.91) \n Ukraine A 1 (2,500.00) United Kingdom A 15 (38,000.00) \n C 91 (212,337.86) \nUnited Republicof Tanzania\tA\t2\t(8,000.00) United States A 21 (60,500.00) \n C 85 (303,500.98) Yemen A 130 (458,500.00) \n C 6 (11,593.97) \n UNDP Algeria A 1 (4,000.00) UNDP Jerusalem A 4 (13,500.00) \n C 22 (142,869.86) UNDP Washington A 1 (4,000.00) \n C 2 (4,703.42) UNDP Yemen A 28 (81,000.00) \n C 1 (5,000.00) \n UNHCR Bulgaria A 1 (5,000.00) UNHCR Canada A 4 (17,500.00) \n C 7 (20,393.07) \n UNHCR Geneva C 1 (1,557.09) UNRWA Gaza A 134 (369,000.00) C 42 (127,442.64) \n D 1 (2,500.00) \n Total   22,320 (54,899,756.89)", "Annex II", "ARTICLE 41 CORRECTIONS TO CLAIMS AWARDS (UP TO THE SIXTIETH SESSION OF THE GOVERNING COUNCIL)", "Report Category A Category B Category C Category D Category E Category F Total\n Net correction Number of Net Number of Net correction Number of Net correction Number of Net correction Number of Net correction Number of Net corrections Number of for category claims correction claims for category claims for category claims for category claims for category claims for categories A, claims (US$) corrected for category corrected (US$) corrected (US$) corrected (US$) corrected (US$) corrected B, C, D, E and F corrected in (US$) (US$) categories A, B, C, D, E and F", "A (6) (6,439,500.00) 2,575 - - - - - - - - - - (6,439,500.00) 2,575 panel", "B (2.2) - - (12,500.00) 3 ^(a) - - - - - - - - (12,500.00) 3 ^(a) panel", "B (3) - - 110,000.00 10 ^(b) - - - - - - - - 110,000.00 10 ^(b) panel", "C (4) - - - - (1,922.00) 49 - - - - - - (1,922.00) 49 panel", "C (5) - - - - (77,190.00) 6 - - - - - - (77,190.00) 6 panel", "C (6) - - - - 72,685.00 15 - - - - - - 72,685.00 15 panel", "D (5) - - - - - - (2,646.81) 7 - - - - (2,646.81) 7 panel", "D (7) - - - - - - (38,836.21) 13 - - - - (38,836.21) 13 panel", "D1 (9.1) - - - - - - 103,532.16 4 - - - - 103,532.16 4 panel", "Special D - - - - - - (13,283,441.51) 426 - - - - (13,283,441.51) 426 panel", "E3 (10) - - - - - - - - 325,850.00 1 - - 325,850.00 1 panel", "E4 (3) - - - - - - - - 536,513.00 3 - - 536,513.00 3 panel", "Article (5,500.00) 10 - - - - - - - - - - (5,500.00) 10 41(1)", "Article (49,000.00) 16 - - - - - - - - - - (49,000.00) 16 41(2)", "Article 1,500.00 4 - - - - - - - - - - 1,500.00 4 41(3)", "Article (83,000.00) 19 - - - - - - - - - - (83,000.00) 19 41(4)", "Article (18,500.00) 5 - - - - - - - - - - (18,500.00) 5 41(5)", "Article 15,867,500.00 10,757 - - - - - - - - - - 15,867,500.00 10,757 41(6)", "Article (6,975,500.00) 3,385 - - - - - - - - - - (6,975,500.00) 3,385 41(7)", "Article (7,806,000.00) 4,385 - - 70,613,604.05 23,282 - - - - - - 62,807,604.05 27,667 41(8)", "Article (4,136,500.00) 1,062 - - 5,278,142.15 1,730 - - - - - - 1,141,642.15 2,792 41(9)", "Article (1,446,000.00) 364 - - 3,168,018.90 467 - - - - - - 1,722,018.90 831 41(10)", "Article (1,358,500.00) 370 - - - - - - - - - - (1,358,500.00) 370 41(11)", "Article (112,000.00) 26 - - 613,498.37 40 - - - - - - 501,498.37 66 41(12)", "Article (55,500.00) 40 - - (102,863.22) 27 - - - - - - (158,363.22) 67 41(13)", "Article (8,000.00) 31 - - 5,580,355.48 625 103,532.16 4 - - - - 5,675,887.64 660 41(14)", "Article (10,500.00) 19 - - - - (57.66) 6 (7,264.37) 1 - - (17,822.03) 26 41(15)", "Article 142,000.00 73 - - 453,162.71 54 - - - - - - 595,162.71 127 41(16)", "Article 707,500.00 446 - - 77,461.07 6 - - - - - - 784,961.07 452 41(17)", "Article 119,500.00 77 - - - - - - (43,413) 1 - - 76,087 78 41(18)", "Article 154,000.00 55 - - 46,976.14 6 400,986.95 6 - - - - 601,963.09 67 41(19)", "Article 3,739,500.00 1,896 - - 53,342.85 1 - - - - - - 3,792,842.85 1,897 41(20)", "Article 1,157,500 688 - - - - - - - - - - 1,157,500.00 688 41(21)", "Article 4,419,000.00 2,730 - - - - - - - - - - 4,419,000.00 2,730 41(22)", "Article 44,500.00 20 - - 161,331.14 15 12,411.60 1 (48,653.00) 7 - - 169,589.74 43 41(23)", "Article (3,911,000) 981 - - 78,646.76 12 93,543.56 3 - - - - (3,738,809.68) 996 41(24)", "Article (11,958,000) 3,002 - - 1,033,956.47 617 (9,788) 1 - - - - (10,933,831.53) 3620 41(25)", "Article (176,500) 47 - - (4,625.19) 1 (35,854.67) 1 - - - - (216,979.86) 49 41(26)", "Article (21,500) 19 - - (4,435.28) 32 - - - - - - (25,935.28) 51 41(27)", "Article (17,000) 10 - - (643,080.71) 40 132,837.45 7 - - - - (527,243.26) 57 41(28)", "Article (384,500) 104 - - 2,431,846.73 342 65,197.89 8 - - - - 2,112,544.62 454 41(29)", "Article (106,000) 56 - - (135,259.01) 22 2,293,477.06 6 1,227,025.00 1 (2,552,000.00) 2 727,243.05 87 41(30)", "Article (884,500) 225 - - 293,049.23 70 1,009,224.50 8 - - - - 417,773.73 303 41(31)", "Article (1,379,000) 461 - - 39,180.66 7 25,159.36 2 - - - - (1,314,659.98) 470 41(32)", "Article (179,500.00) 69 - - (72,225.81) 10 10,515.61 1 - - - (241,210.20) 80 41(33)", "Article (8,139,000.00) 2,706 - - 62,700.69 29 - - - - - - (8,076,299.31) 2,735 41(34)", "Total (29,308,000.00) 36,733 97,500.00 13 89,016,357.18 27,505 (9,120,206.56) 504 1,990,057.63 14 (2,552,000.00) 2 50,123,708.25 64,758", "^(a) Number of consolidated claim submissions, as conveyed in the panel report.", "^(b) Number of consolidated claim submissions, as conveyed in the panel report." ]

[ "UNITED NATIONS COMPENSATION COMMISSION", "GOVERNING COUNCIL", "Thirty-fifth report of the Executive Secretary pursuant to article 41 of the Provisional Rules for Claims Procedure", "Introduction", "This report is submitted pursuant to article 41 of the United Nations Compensation Commission's (the “Commission”) Provisional Rules for Claims Procedure (S/AC.26/1992/10) (the “Rules”), as follows: “Thirty-fourth report of the Executive Secretary pursuant to article 41 of the Provisional Rules for Claims Procedure” S/AC.26/2006/2 (the “Thirty-fourth article 41 report”)", "The vast majority of the corrections covered in this report are due to the direction given by the Governing Council at its fifty-ninth session, held from 7 to 9 March 2006, to the secretariat to prepare article 41 corrections for claims identified as overpayments through a “fuzzy” search and manual follow-up, and to the Council's further direction to include family member matching at its sixtieth session, held from 27 to 29 June 2006. In making these corrections, the secretariat has applied the final proposed guidelines approved by the Governing Council at its fifty-ninth session on the matching of confirmation procedures and the determination and allocation of overpayments. These corrections, which relate to claims in categories “A”, “B”, “C” and “D”, are contained in chapter I of this report. Chapter II contains additional corrections resulting from duplicate claims identified by the secretariat through methods other than the electronic search described above. A summary of the proposed corrections contained in chapter III and annex I to the present report. Chapter IV provides an update on pending requests for corrections. Annex II contains a cumulative table of article 41 corrections to awards up to the sixtieth session of the Governing Council.", "I. RECOMMENDED CORRECTIONS RECEIVED BY ELECTRONIC SURVEY AND HANDY FOLLOW-UP", "3. These corrections are presented in the order in which they were confirmed as duplicates. In a few cases, there was more than one type of overpayment; claims in such cases were listed under the heading most relevant to the proposed correction.", "The same claimant", "Duplicate claims", "Duplicate claims arise where a claimant has filed more than one claim in the same category for the same losses. The secretariat confirms that the claims set out in table 1 below are duplicates and should not be compensated.", "Accordingly, it is recommended that the awards for these claims be corrected. Table 1 identifies the submitting entities concerned, the number of claims affected by category and the net effect of the adjustments.", "Table 1. Duplicate claims", "Submitting entity Number of claims affected Net adjustments (United States dollars) Bangladesh A 18 (64,500.00) Bosnia and Herzegovina A 1 (4,000.00) Canada A 1 (000.00) Egypt A 84 (219,000.00) C 23 (144,233.81) India A 96 (393,500.00) C 3 (12,342.72) Islamic Republic of Iran A 5334 (2,386,500.00) (78,208.95) Ireland C 1 (40,165.24) Jordan A 56 (256,500.00) C 59 (534,395.38) Kuwait A (4,000.00) C 1 (13,224.61) Lebanon A 6 (20,000.00) India C 3 (1202.00) Islamic Republic of Iran A 5334 (2,386,500.00) (78,208.95) Jordan A 56 (256,500.00) C59 (534,395.38) Kuwait A (4,000.00) A 1 (000.000.00) L. L.A 6 (20,000.00)", "Decision 21 claims (higher to lower amounts)", "Governing Council decision 21 (S/AC.26/Dec.21 (1994)) provides that “a claimant who has selected a higher amount in category A (USD 4,000 or USD 8,000) and has also filed a category `B', `C' or `D' claim will be considered to have selected a corresponding lower amount in category `A'”. The secretariat confirms that most of the claims listed in table 2 below relate to corrections to category “A” claims for which claimants have also filed claims in another claim category. For the remaining claims in table 2, the difference between the higher and lower amounts in category “A” is greater than the amount awarded in another claim category. In accordance with the guidelines approved by the Governing Council, the award in another claim category should be reduced to zero. The secretariat confirms that for the claims set out in table 2 below, the awards should be reduced to the amounts appropriate to the proper status of the claims, in accordance with decision 21.", "Accordingly, it is recommended that the awards for these claims be corrected. Table 2 identifies the submitting entities concerned, the number of claims affected by category and the net effect of the adjustments.", "Table 2. Decision 21 claims (higher to lower amounts)", "Submitted entity Number of claims affected Net adjustments (USD) Bangladesh A 15 (22,500.00) C 3 (2,814.59) Egypt A 19 (39,000.00) C 1 (415.22) Ethiopia A 1 (3,000.00) India A 99 (160,500.00) C 13 (14,235.11) Islamic Republic of Iran A 31 (90,000.00) Ireland C 1 (650.00) Jordan A 206 (489,000.00) B 2 (5,000.00) C 7 (14,407.58) Pakistan A 3 (60.00) Palestine C 1 (2,905.0) Philippines A 4 (6,000.00) C 1 (968.86) Sri Lanka A 88 (132,000) C 22 (22,651.54) Sudan A 4 (6,000.00) Syrian Arab Republic A 2 (4,500.00) Thailand A 3000 (3,000.00) Tunisia A 24, 000.00) Turkey A 1 (100.00)", "Decision 24 claims", "Decision 24 of the Governing Council (S/AC.26/Dec.24 (1994)) provides that where a claimant has filed both category “A” claims and claims for departure losses in category “C” or “D”, further compensation for departure losses may be awarded in category “C” or “D” only if the recommended amount for departure losses exceeds the amount already awarded in category “A”. This required the category “C” or “D” Panel to deduct the amount of compensation awarded in category “A” from any award made in category “C” or “D” for departure losses. The secretariat confirms that the category “C” and category “D” claims set out in table 3 below have not been subject to the required deductions. Accordingly, in accordance with the guidelines approved by the Governing Council, the awards for these claims should be reduced to amounts appropriate to the proper status of the claims.", "Accordingly, it is recommended that the awards for these claims be corrected. Table 3 identifies the submitting entities concerned, the number of claims affected by category and the net effect of the adjustments.", "Table 3. Decision 24 claims", "B.C. 337 (58,603.32)", "4. Duplicate loss claims", "Duplicate loss claims arise where a claimant claims for the same losses within more than one claim category, subject to further deductions in addition to those required under decision 24. The secretariat confirms that the claims set out in table 4 contain duplicate loss elements that were not properly deducted.", "Accordingly, as set forth in table 4, it is recommended that the awards for these claims be corrected. Table 4 identifies the submitting entities concerned, the number of claims affected by category and the net effect of the adjustments.", "Table 4. Duplicate loss claims", "Number of claims affected (USD)", "India C 2 (3,132.90)", "Iran (Islamic Republic of) C 5 (61,615.32)", "Jordan C 28 (277,998.11)", "Kuwait C 2 (22,246.59)", "Pakistan C 1 (2,784.09)", "Total 39 (373,488.57)", "B. Family member matching", "Family duplicate claims", "The category “A” claim form requires family members to file claims on the same claim form and sets out the ceilings for family awards: USD 8,000 (family members have not filed claims in other categories) or USD 5,000 (any family member intends to file a claim in another category). Individual category “A” claims submitted by family members are considered family duplicates where the aggregate award exceeds the family ceiling. The secretariat confirms that the claims listed in table 5 are family duplicate claims.", "Accordingly, it is recommended that the awards for these claims be corrected. Table 5 identifies the submitting entities concerned, the number of claims affected by category and the net effect of the adjustments.", "Table 5. Family duplicate claims", "Number of claims affected (USD)", "Bangladesh A 69 (229,000)", "Brazil A 2 (4,000.00)", "Canada A 9 (34.500.00)", "Cyprus A 1 (2.500.00)", "Czech Republic A 1 (5500.00)", "Egypt A 652 (1,659,000)", "Ethiopia A 4 (10,000.00)", "France A 2 (5,000.00)", "Germany A 2 (13.500.00)", "Greece A 2 (5,000.00)", "India A 2,422 (7,759,000.00)", "Iran (Islamic Republic of) A 305 (1 266 000.00)", "Ireland A 3 (90.00)", "Italy A 1 (5500.00)", "Jordan A 2 630 (8 365 500.00)", "Kuwait A 663 (1,505,500.02)", "Lebanon A 28 (93,000.00)", "Morocco A 14 (56.500.00)", "Norway A 2 (5,000.00)", "Pakistan A 87 (261 500.00)", "Philippines A 74 (203,50.00)", "Poland A 2 (5500.00)", "Republic of Serbia A 1 (5500.00)", "Singapore A 1 (5500.00)", "Somalia A 5 (12.500.00)", "Spain A 1 (2.500.00)", "Sri Lanka A 21 (36.500.00)", "Sudan A 33 (88.500.00)", "Sweden A 1 (2.500.00)", "Syrian Arab Republic A 159 (450.500.00)", "Thailand A 1 (1.500.00)", "The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia A 1 (4,000.00)", "Turkey A 2 (8,000.00)", "United Kingdom A 14 (35,000.00)", "United Republic of Tanzania A 2 (8,000.00)", "United States A 16 (44.500.00)", "Yemen A 89 (320.500.00)", "UNDP Algeria A 1 (4,000.00)", "UNDP Jerusalem A 1 (2.500.00)", "UNDP Yemen A 5 (15.500.00)", "UNHCR Canada A 4 (17.500.00)", "UNRWA Gaza A 39 (116,000.00)", "Total 7,375 (22,693,500.02)", "Family decision 21 claims (higher to lower amounts)", "Family decision 21 claims are claims filed by a claimant in category “A” for a higher family claim and one or more claims filed by family members in other individual claim categories, contrary to the requirements of the category “A” claim form and decision 21. The secretariat confirms that most of the claims listed in table 6 below relate to corrections to category “A” claims. The remaining claims in table 6 should be corrected to the category “B” or category “C” claims because the difference between their higher and lower amounts in category “A” is greater than the amount awarded in another claim category. In accordance with the guidelines approved by the Governing Council, the award in another claim category should be reduced to zero. The secretariat confirms that the claims set out in table 6 should be reduced to the amounts appropriate to the proper status of the claims in accordance with decision 21.", "Accordingly, it is recommended that the awards for these claims be corrected. Table 6 identifies the submitting entities concerned, the number of claims affected by category and the net effect of the adjustments.", "Family decision 21 claims (higher to lower amounts)", "Category of claim A 109 (327,000.00) C Iran (Islamic Republic of) A 16 (48.00.00) Japan A 1 (3,000.00) Jordan A 233 (699.00.00) B 1 (2 500.00) C 12 (27,181.06), Kuwait A 215 (636,000.00) B 1 (2,500.00) C 5 (11,256.74) India A 109 (327,000.00) C 1 (2,852.06) Islamic Republic of Iran A 16 (48.00.00) Japan A (3,000.00) Jordan A 233 (699.00.00) B 1 (2,500.00.00) Kuwait A 215 (636,000.00) B (2,500.00), Syrian Arab Republic A 5000.000.00 (United States of America).", "Family decision 24 claims", "Family decision 24 claims are those where a claimant filed a family claim in category “A” and members of his or her family filed a claim for departure losses in category “C” or “D” and the award was not reduced to the amount previously awarded to the family in category “A”. The secretariat confirms that the category “C” and category “D” claims listed in table 7 have not been subject to the required deductions. In accordance with the guidelines approved by the Governing Council, the awards for these claims should be adjusted to the amounts appropriate to the proper status of the claims.", "Accordingly, it is recommended that the awards for these claims be corrected. Table 7 identifies the submitting entities concerned, the number of claims affected by category and the net effect of the adjustments.", "Family decision 24 claims", "Submitted entity Number of claims affected Net adjustment (United States dollars) Algeria C 1 (2,148.94) Australia C 1 (2,755.83) Bahrain C 2 (2,550.00) Bangladesh C 10 (15,733.31) Canada C 3 (7,672.77) Egypt C 147 (186,929.30) Finland C 1 (1,020.76) France C 2 (4,998.14) Germany C 1 (1,49.99) India C 237 (2,489.11) D 1 (2,500.00) Ireland C 1 (2,500.00) Jordan C 326 (747,233.43) Kuwait C 59 (146,089.58) Lebanon C 2 (7,116.36) Pakistan C 9 (22,809.86) Palestine C 23 (47,770.18) Philippines C2 (3,956.57) Poland C 1 (3,669.00) Somalia C6 (18,449) United States of America C.57 (C.57. 707, United States of America)", "Family to individual claims", "Family to individual claims arise when a claimant receives a family award in category “A” but does not have a eligible family member listed on the claim form or listed a family member who has filed a claim. The secretariat confirms that the claims identified in table 8 as family claims should have been awarded as individual claims. The awards for these claims should be corrected to amounts appropriate to the proper status of the claims.", "Accordingly, it is recommended that the awards for these claims be corrected. Table 8 identifies the submitting entities concerned, the number of claims affected by category and the net effect of the adjustments.", "Table 8. Family to individual", "Number of claims affected (USD)", "Bosnia and Herzegovina A 3 (120.00)", "Canada A 2 (8,000.00)", "China A 1 (4,000.00)", "Egypt A 62 (92,000.00)", "India A 1,911 (6,609,000.00)", "Iran (Islamic Republic of) A 12 (480.00)", "Italy A 2 (5,000.00)", "Jordan A 200 (612.500.00)", "Kuwait A 2 (5,000.00)", "Lebanon A 14 (48.500.00)", "Morocco A 2 (5,000.00)", "Pakistan A 23 (62,000.00)", "Republic of Serbia A 1 (4,000.00)", "Russian Federation A 7 (280.00)", "Sri Lanka A 15 (600.00)", "Sudan A 3 (90.00)", "Syrian Arab Republic A 26 (69.500.00)", "Thailand A 8 (32,000.00)", "Tunisia A 2 (6500.00)", "Turkey A 35 (110,000.00)", "United States A 2 (5,000.00)", "Yemen A 13 (50,500.00)", "UNDP Washington A 1 (4,000.00)", "UNDP Yemen A 1 (4,000.00)", "UNRWA Gaza A 92 (242,000.00)", "Total 2,523 (8,425,50.00)", "Individual to family claims", "Individual to family claims have been identified as having received individual awards of compensation in category “A” but have been identified as eligible family members in accordance with the guidelines approved by the Governing Council. The secretariat confirmed that such individual awards should be adjusted to the amounts appropriate to the proper status of the claims. No further payments are made to these claims, as each such claimant has a duplicate claim that is to be reduced to zero as described in section A.1 above.", "Accordingly, it is recommended that the awards for these claims be corrected. Table 9 identifies the submitting entities concerned, the number of claims affected by category and the net effect of the adjustments.", "Table 9. Individual to family claims", "Number of claims affected (USD)", "Total", "Lower to higher amounts", "Lower to higher amounts are claims where duplicate claims have been identified as receiving lower individual or family awards in category “A”, while electronic searches confirm that claimants have not filed claims in another claim category. In accordance with the guidelines approved by the Governing Council, one claim in each set of claims is identified as a duplicate claim, while the award for the other claim should be adjusted to the corresponding higher individual or family award. These claimants will not make additional payments as their duplicate claims awards will be reduced to zero as described in section A.1 above.", "Accordingly, it is recommended that the awards for these claims be corrected. Table 10 identifies the submitting entities concerned, the number of claims affected by category and the net effect of the adjustments.", "Table 10. Lower to higher amounts", "Number of claims affected (USD)", "Egypt A 75 112 500.00", "India A 5 9 0000.00", "Iran (Islamic Republic of)", "Jordan A 2 3,000.00", "Kuwait A 1 1,5000.00", "Lebanon A 1 3,000.00", "Turkey A 1 1 1,5000.00", "Total 87 133 500.00", "Other corrections", "UNCC received information from the Government of Pakistan that a number of category “C” claims submitted by it appeared to contain duplicate losses in which both spouses who filed separate claims were awarded an award.", "Following a review of these claims, the secretariat confirmed that certain C4PP (personal property) or C6 (salary) losses were duplicated in the respective claims filed by the spouses and that no appropriate deduction was made.", "Accordingly, as set forth in table 11, it is recommended that the awards for these claims be corrected.", "Table 11. Other corrections", "Number of claims affected (United States dollars)", "Total 3 (17,720.91)", "Summary", "Annex I summarizes the recommended corrections by claim category and submitting entity and indicates the net reduction in the total award. Upon approval by the Governing Council of these recommended corrections, each affected submitting entity will receive a confidential report setting out the corrections to its claims submitted to the Compensation Commission.", "RECOMMENDED ARTICLE 41 CORRECTIONS REQUESTS BY CLAIMANTS", "The deadline for submitting requests for corrections to awards under article 41 of the Rules has expired. The secretariat is still in the process of reviewing the last requests filed within the time frame in respect of five claimants. Recommendations for corrections to these requests will be contained in a subsequent article 41 report to the Governing Council.", "Annax I", "(c) (c) (c) (c) (c) (c) (c) (c) (c) (c) (c) (c) (c) (c) (c) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) (", "Annex II", "ARTICLE 41 CORECTIONS TO CLAIMS AWARDS (UP TO TO THE SIXTIETH SESSION OF THE GOVERNING COUNCIL)", "Report State ACategory B Category CCategory D Category E Category F Total Corporation Number of Net Corporation Number of Net Corporation Number of New Corporations, Counted for Categories A, Counted for Categorized Corporations (US$)", "A (6) (6,439,500.00) 2,575 - - (6,439,500.00) 2,575 Panel", "B(2.2) - (12.500.00) 3 (a) - - (12.500.00) 3 (a) Panel", "B(3) - 110,000.00 10 (b) - - - 110,000.00 10 (b) Panel", "C (4) - - (1,922.00) 49 - (1,922.00) 49 Panel", "C(5) - (77,190.00) 6 - (77,190.00) 6 Panel", "C(6) - - - 72,685.00 15 - - - 72,685.00 15 Panel", "D(5) - (2,646.81) 7 - (2,646.81) 7 Panel", "D(7) - - (38,836.21) 13 - (38,836.21) 13 Panel", "D1 (9.1) - - - 103, 532.16 4 - - - 103, 532.16 4 Panel", "Special D - (13,283,441.51) 426 - (13,283,441.51) 426 Panel", "E3 (10) - - - - 325,850.00 1 - - 325,850.00 1 Panel", "E4(3) - - - 536 513.00 3 - - 536, 513.00 3 Panel", "Article (5,500.00) 10 -- -- (5,500.00) 10 41 (1)", "Article (49,000.00) 16 -- -- (49,000.00) 16 41 (2)", "Article 1 500.00 4 - 1 500.00 4 41 (3)", "Article (83,000.00) 19 -- -- -- (83,000.00) 19 41 (4)", "Article (18,500.00) 5 - - (18,500.00) 5 41 (5)", "Article 15,867,500.00 10,757 - - - 15,867,500.00 10,757 41 (6)", "Article (6,975,500.00) 3,385 - - (6,975,500.00) 3,385 41 (7)", "Article (7,806,000.00) 4,385 - 70,613,604.05 23, 282 - - - 62,807,604.05 27,667 41 (8)", "Article (4,136,500.00) 1,062 - 5,278, 142.15 1, 730 - - - 1,141, 642.15 2,792 41 (9)", "Article (1,446,000.00) 364 - 3,168,018.90 467 - - - 1,722, 018.90 831 (10)", "Article (1,358,500.00) 370 - - (1,358,500.00) 370 41 (11)", "Article (112,000.00) 26 - 613, 498.37 40 - - 501, 498.37 66 41 (12)", "Article (55.500.00) 40 - (102,863.22), 27 - (158,363.22), 67 41 (13)", "Article (8,000.00) 31 - 5,580, 355 48 625 103, 532.16 4 - - - 5,675, 887.64 660 41 (14)", "Article (10,500.00) 19 - (57.66) 6 (7,264.37) 1 - (17,822.03) 26 41 (15)", "Article 142,000.00 73 - - 453, 162.71 54 - - - 595, 162.71 127 41 (16)", "Article 707,500.00446 - 77,461.07 6 - - 784,961.07 452 (17)", "Article 119,500.00 77 - (43,413) 1 - 76,087 78 41 (18)", "Article 154,000.00 55 - 46, 976.14 6,400, 986.95 6 - - 601, 963.09 67 41 (19)", "Article 3,739,500.00 1,896 - 53,342.85 1 - - 3,792,842.85 1,897 41(20)", "Article 1,157,500 688 - - - 1,157,500.00 688 41(21)", "Article 4,419,000.00 2,730 -- -- 4,419,000.00 2,730 41(22)", "Article 44, 500.00 20 - 161, 331.14 15 12, 411.60 1 (48,653.00) 7 - 169, 589.74 43 41(23)", "Article (3,911,000) 981 - 78, 646.76 12 93, 543.56 3 - (3,738, 809.68) 996 41 (24)", "Article (11,958,000) 3,002 - 1,033, 956.47 617 (9,788) 1 - (10,933,831.53) 3620 41(25)", "Article (176,500) 47 - (4,625.19) 1 (35,854.67) 1 - (216,979.86) 49 41(26)", "Article (21,500) 19 - (4,435.28) 32 - (25,935.28) 51 41(27)", "Article (17,000) 10 - (643,080.71) 40 132, 837.45 7 - (527, 243.26) 57 41(28)", "Article (384,500) 104 - 2,431, 846.73 342 65, 197.89 8 - - 2 112, 544.62 454 (29)", "Article (106,000) 56 - (135, 259.01) 22 2,293, 477.06 6 1,227,025.00 1 (2,552,000.00) 2 727,243.05 87 41(30)", "Article (884,500) 225 - 293, 049.23 70 1,009, 224.50 8 - - 417, 773.73 303 41(31)", "Article (1,379,000) 461 - 39,180.66 7 25, 159.36 2 - (1,314,659.98) 470 41 (32)", "Article (179,500.00) 69 - (72,225.81) 10 10,515.61 1 - (241,210.20) 80 41 (33)", "Article (8,139,000.00) 2,706 - - 62,700.69 29 - - (8,076,299.31) 2,735 41 (34)", "Total (29,308,000.00) 36,733 97,500.00 13 89,016,357.18 27,505 (9,120,206.56) 504,990,057.63 14 (2,552,000.00) 2 50,123,708.25 64,758", "Nomber of consoled claims, as conveyed in the Panel report.", "(b) Number of consoled claims, as conveyed in the Panel report." ]

[ "2006年11月7日至17日，日内瓦", "关于题为《禁止或限制使用某些可被认为具有过分伤害力或 滥杀滥伤作用的常规武器公约》缔约国第三次审查会议 最后文件草案的CCW/CONF.III/7/Add.7- CCW/GGE/XV/6/Add.7号文件的修正案", "瑞 典 提 出", "在第二部分，最后宣言中，插入一个新的序言段 [1] 如下：", "决心促请尚未这样做的国家进行审查，以确定是否有任何新的武器、作战手段或方法为国际人道主义法或其他适用的国际法规则所禁止。在这方面，会议注意到，红十字委员会2006年出版了一份关于新的武器、作战手段或方法法律审查指南。", "[1] 内容取自第二次审查会议最后宣言执行部分第17段。新的部分是及时提到有关指南。" ]

[ "THIRD REVIEW CONFERENCE OF THESTATES PARTIES TO THE CONVENTIONON PROHIBITIONS OR RESTRICTIONSON THE USE OF CERTAINCONVENTIONAL WEAPONS WHICH MAY BEDEEMED TO BE EXCESSIVELYINJURIOUS OR TO HAVEINDISCRIMINATE EFFECTS CCW/CONF.III/WP.1114 November 2006Original: ENGLISH", "Geneva, 7-17 November 2006", "PROPOSAL OF AMENDMENT TO DOCUMENT", "CCW/CONF.III/7/ADD.7-CCW/GGE/XV/6/ADD.7 ENTITLED", "DRAFT FINAL DOCUMENT", "OF THE THIRD REVIEW CONFERENCE OF THE HIGH CONTRACTING PARTIES TO THE CONVENTION ON PROHIBITIONS OR RESTRICTIONS ON THE USE OF CERTAIN CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS WHICH MAY BE DEEMED TO BE EXCESSIVELY INJURIOUS OR TO HAVE INDISCRIMINATE EFFECTS", "Presented by Sweden", "In Part II, Final Declaration, insert a new operative paragraph[1] to read:", "Their determination to urge States which do not already do so, to conduct reviews to determine whether any new weapon, means or methods of warfare would be prohibited under international humanitarian law or other rules of international law applicable to them. In this context, the Conference notes that the ICRC has published in 2006 a guide to the legal review of new weapons, means and methods of warfare.", "[1] Content is taken from operative paragraph 17 of the Final Declaration of the Second Review Conference. The timely reference to the guide is new." ]

[ "Geneva, 7-17 November 2006", "CCW/CONF.III/7/Add.7 - CCW/GGE/XV/6/Add.7", "Sweden", "In Part II, Final Declaration, insert a new preambular paragraph [1] as follows:", "Resolves to urge States that have not yet done so to undertake a review to determine whether any new weapons, means or methods of warfare are prohibited under international humanitarian law or other applicable rules of international law. In this regard, it was noted that ICRC published a guide to the legal review of new weapons, means or methods of warfare in 2006.", "[1] Content taken from operative paragraph 17 of the Final Declaration of the Second Review Conference. The new part is a timely reference to the relevant guidelines." ]

[ "2006年11月7日至17日，日内瓦", "关于题为《禁止或限制使用某些可被认为具有过分伤害力或 滥杀滥伤作用的常规武器公约》缔约国第三次审查会议 最后文件草案的CCW/CONF.III/7/Add.7- CCW/GGE/XV/6/Add.7号文件的修正案", "主 席 提 出", "1. 在第二部分，最后宣言中，将序言部分第1段修正如下：", "回顾 1996年第一次审查会议和2001年第二次审查会议先前通过的宣言，特别是第二次审查会议最后宣言序言部分第3、第5、第6、第7、第8和第12段以及执行部分第2、第3、第8、第12和第14至第16段。", "2. 在第二部分，最后宣言中，插入一个新的第9段之二[1] 如下：", "承认红十字国际委员会的关键作用，鼓励其继续努力促使更多的国家批准和加入《公约》及其所附议定书，传播其内容并为今后的审查会议和与《公约》及其所附议定书有关的其他会议提供其专门知识。", "[1] 第二次审查会议最后宣言序言部分第14段。" ]

[ "THIRD REVIEW CONFERENCE OF THESTATES PARTIES TO THE CONVENTIONON PROHIBITIONS OR RESTRICTIONSON THE USE OF CERTAINCONVENTIONAL WEAPONS WHICH MAY BEDEEMED TO BE EXCESSIVELYINJURIOUS OR TO HAVEINDISCRIMINATE EFFECTS CCW/CONF.III/WP.1214 November 2006Original: ENGLISH", "Geneva, 7-17 November 2006", "PROPOSAL FOR AN AMENDMENT TO DOCUMENT", "CCW/CONF.III/7/ADD.7-CCW/GGE/XV/6/ADD.7 ENTITLED", "DRAFT FINAL DOCUMENT", "OF THE THIRD REVIEW CONFERENCE OF THE HIGH CONTRACTING PARTIES TO THE CONVENTION ON PROHIBITIONS OR RESTRICTIONS ON THE USE OF CERTAIN CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS WHICH MAY BE DEEMED TO BE EXCESSIVELY INJURIOUS OR TO HAVE INDISCRIMINATE EFFECTS", "Presented by the President", "1. In Part II, Final Declaration, amend preambular paragraph 1 to read:", "Recalling the preceding Declarations adopted by the First Review Conference in 1996 and the Second Review Conference in 2001, in particular preambular paragraphs 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 12, as well as operative paragraphs 2, 3, 8, 12, and 14 to 16 of the Final Declaration of the Second Review Conference.", "2. In Part II, Final Declaration, insert a new preambular paragraph 9bis[1] to read:", "Recognising the crucial role of the International Committee of the Red Cross and encouraging it to continue to work to facilitate further ratifications and accessions to the Convention and its annexed Protocols, to disseminate their contents and to lend its expertise to future Conferences and other meetings related to the Convention and its annexed Protocols.", "[1] Preambular paragraph 14 of the Final Declaration of the Second Review Conference." ]

[ "Geneva, 7-17 November 2006", "CCW/CONF.III/7/Add.7 - CCW/GGE/XV/6/Add.7", "Submitted by the President", "In Part II, Final Declaration, amend the first preambular paragraph to read as follows:", "Recalling previous declarations adopted by the First Review Conference in 1996 and the Second Review Conference in 2001, in particular preambular paragraphs 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 12 and operative paragraphs 2, 3, 8, 12 and 14-16 of the Final Declaration of the Second Review Conference.", "2. In Part II, Final Declaration, insert a new paragraph 9 bis [1] as follows:", "Recognizing the crucial role of the International Committee of the Red Cross, encourages it to continue its efforts to increase the number of ratifications and accessions to the Convention and its annexed Protocols, to disseminate their content and to provide its expertise to future Review Conferences and other meetings related to the Convention and its annexed Protocols.", "[1] Fourteenth preambular paragraph of the Final Declaration of the Second Review Conference." ]

[ "2006年11月7日至17日，日内瓦", "关于题为《禁止或限制使用某些可被认为具有过分伤害力或 滥杀滥伤作用的常规武器公约》缔约国第三次审查会议 最后文件草案的CCW/CONF.III/7/Add.7- CCW/GGE/XV/6/Add.7号文件的修正案", "委内瑞拉提出", "1. 在第二部分，最后宣言中，将序言部分第10段修正如下：", "感谢非政府组织根据要求为减轻武装冲突的人道主义影响而作出的宝贵的人道主义努力，并欢迎它们为政府专家小组的工作和审查会议本身所带来的各种专门知识。", "2. 在第二部分，最后宣言中，将执行部分第1段修正如下：", "承诺按照国际法的准则和原则，尊重并遵行《公约》及其加入的所附议定书的目标和规定，将其作为管制某些可被认为具有过分伤害力或滥杀滥伤作用的常规武器的使用方面具有权威性的国际文书。" ]

[ "THIRD REVIEW CONFERENCE OF THESTATES PARTIES TO THE CONVENTIONON PROHIBITIONS OR RESTRICTIONSON THE USE OF CERTAINCONVENTIONAL WEAPONS WHICH MAY BEDEEMED TO BE EXCESSIVELYINJURIOUS OR TO HAVEINDISCRIMINATE EFFECTS CCW/CONF.III/WP.1315 November 2006Original: ENGLISH", "Geneva, 7-17 November 2006", "PROPOSAL FOR AN AMENDMENT TO DOCUMENT", "CCW/CONF.III/7/ADD.7-CCW/GGE/XV/6/ADD.7 ENTITLED", "DRAFT FINAL DOCUMENT", "OF THE THIRD REVIEW CONFERENCE OF THE HIGH CONTRACTING PARTIES TO THE CONVENTION ON PROHIBITIONS OR RESTRICTIONS ON THE USE OF CERTAIN CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS WHICH MAY BE DEEMED TO BE EXCESSIVELY INJURIOUS OR TO HAVE INDISCRIMINATE EFFECTS", "Presented by Venezuela", "1. In Part II, Final Declaration, amend preambular paragraph 10 to read:", "Acknowledging the invaluable humanitarian efforts of non-governmental organizations in mitigating the humanitarian impact of armed conflicts, upon request, and welcoming the expertise they have brought to the work of the Group of Governmental Experts and to the Review Conference itself.", "2. In Part II, Final Declaration, amend operative paragraph 1 to read:", "Their commitment to respect and comply, in accordance with the norms and principles of international law, with the objectives and provisions of the Convention and its annexed Protocols to which they are party as an authoritative international instrument governing the use of certain conventional weapons which may be deemed to be excessively injurious or to have indiscriminate effects," ]

[ "Geneva, 7-17 November 2006", "CCW/CONF.III/7/Add.7 - CCW/GGE/XV/6/Add.7", "Submitted by Venezuela", "In Part II, Final Declaration, amend the tenth preambular paragraph to read as follows:", "Thanks the non-governmental organizations for their invaluable humanitarian efforts, as requested, to mitigate the humanitarian impact of armed conflicts and welcomes the expertise they bring to the work of the Group of Governmental Experts and the Review Conference itself.", "In Part II, Final Declaration, amend operative paragraph 1 to read as follows:", "Undertakes to respect and abide by the objectives and provisions of the Convention and the annexed Protocols to which it is a party as authoritative international instruments regulating the use of certain conventional weapons which may be deemed to be excessively injurious or to have indiscriminate effects, in accordance with the norms and principles of international law." ]

[ "2006年11月7日至17日，日内瓦", "第6次会议简要记录", "2006年11月13日星期一下午3时30分 在日内瓦万国宫举行", "主 席：布拉萨克先生(德国) (副主席)", "目 录", "特别全体会议，纪念《特定常规武器公约》 第五号议定书生效", "下午4时30分会议开始", "特别全体会议，纪念《特定常规武器公约》第五号议定书生效(续)", "1. 拉瓦比德赫先生(约旦)说，约旦从1993年开始排雷活动，以清除杀伤人员地雷和反坦克地雷。在这方面取得了相当大的进展，并采取了一些措施，向地雷受害者提供康复和援助。约旦政府特别感谢帮助排雷进程的所有各国、各非政府组织和国际组织，它们提供了财政援助、培训了排雷专家和提供了设备以排除未爆炸弹药。约旦各军事培训中心教授国际人道主义法原则，约旦遵守旨在防止军人和平民痛苦的所有各项国际公约。有效实施《特定常规武器公约》及其议定书要求所有捐赠国帮助缺乏能力的其他国家履行义务，为资源有限国家未来的方案提供支持。帮助无法参加《公约》会议各国的赞助方案就是朝正确方向迈出的一步。约旦希望，捐赠国开展双边或多边主动行动，鼓励其他缺乏技术资源的国家加入《公约》及其议定书。", "2. 约旦支持2007年继续举行专家组会议的提议，并认为，应当给予所有尚未签署第五号议定书的国家以出席会议的机会，因为此举有助于未签署国克服其在加入该议定书方面的障碍。约旦将对此种讨论积极作出贡献。", "3. 邓肯先生(大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国)说，联合王国欢迎第五号议定书生效，并计划在最近的将来予以批准。英国政府也关注未爆炸弹药的人道主义影响问题，包括子弹药，并承认，必须禁止非灵巧集束弹药，承认推动其他军队承担起其在国际人道主义法之下的责任的重要性。尽管英国武装部队极少使用非灵巧集束弹药，但其仍然是军火库的一部分，因为在冲突之时，英国军队可能需要摧毁或压制散布的敌方装甲目标，特定地域的其他作战部队或军事设施。", "4. 使用集束弹药的主要论点之一是，少量的这种弹药即可影响预定区域，而不完全毁坏周围环境。替代的办法是使用大量的高爆弹药，这些弹药将摧毁敌人，但不可避免地会对周围环境造成更大的毁坏。这些弹药也并非不会出现起爆失灵的情况，随后的意外起爆可能具有破坏性影响。集束弹药在一定距离上产生所要求的影响，使战地指挥官可选择目标范围，以最大限度地减少连带损害。取消这种备选办法则可能会使部队在接敌时展开更激烈的地面战斗。这可能会增加双方伤亡的概率，会增加有形的连带损害。", "5. 尽管联合王国同意，各国应当使集束弹药退役，但需要有关于集束弹药及其非灵巧异型弹的得到国际承认的定义。英国代表团提议，集束弹药的定义包括含有多个子弹药；内装爆炸组件；不具有目标区分能力；在击中目标之前、之时、或之后瞬间未能起爆的情况下不具有自毁、自失能或自失效能力的弹药。商定定义和审查现行文书及其执行情况，是处理使用集束弹药引起的人道主义问题这一进程的一个固有部分，可能导致详细审议进一步的具有法律约束力的国际准则。", "6. 孔塔德先生(挪威)说，挪威同意奥地利代表团发表的意见，认为集束弹药造成的人道主义灾难必须紧急加以处理。尽管挪威政府同意，应尽快开始谈判一项国际文书，但挪威认为，此种谈判应当在一个能够开展有效谈判的论坛进行，要有拟订一项条约的现实可能性，有可能真正改善武装冲突期间和之后平民的状况。挪威不相信目前的论坛足以取得此种结果。", "7. 古斯先生(人权观察社)说，人权观察社欢迎第五号议定书生效，并鼓励所有国家尽快予以批准。该议定书会提高人们的意识：战争遗留物必须尽快消除，成为战争遗留爆炸物的武器的使用者在这方面负有特殊的责任。第五号议定书的措辞较弱，因为其有些关键条款可被视为自愿条款。因此，议定书能否成功将取决于各国政府是否不折不扣地执行。没有任何国家表示愿意因第五号议定书生效而增加其拨付给清除方案的资源，2005年，全球用于清除战争遗留爆炸物的资金有所减少。他怀疑第五号议定书是否真正会使卷入冲突的各国以比过去更迅速、更全面的方式提供信息和援助，便利清除工作。", "8. 2003年，包括人权观察社在内的许多非政府组织曾批评当时正在谈判第五号议定书的《特定常规武器公约》缔约国拒绝处理集束弹药问题。从那时以来，有了更多的处理集束弹药问题所有方面的政治意愿，因此，需要一份新的国际文书，禁止使用、生产、转让和储存不可靠和不精确的集束弹药。", "9. 汉农先生(加拿大地雷行动组织)说，在第五号议定书谈判之时，加拿大地雷行动组织对该议定书仅涉及冲突后的一般措施，未包括现有战争遗留爆炸物表示关注。侧重于解决问题而不侧重预防，这只是战争遗留爆炸物问题的一种部分解决办法。但尽管如此，议定书的通过是一个必要的前进步骤，该组织欢迎议定书生效，并鼓励所有国家予以批准。第五号议定书的价值将根据其如何有效地为清除战争遗留爆炸物、开展应急风险教育和援助幸存者引来资金来衡量。缔约国应当超越第五号议定书的文字，而本着解决紧迫的人道主义问题的精神采取行动。大规模批准《禁雷公约》表明，大多数国家愿意加入一项带有严格义务的条约。它们不仅愿意支持全面处理人道主义危机的有法律约束力的文书，而且也能够履行此种条约。这就表明，《特定常规武器公约》缔约国可以使第五号议定书成为国际人道主义法的一个重要内容。这些国家还应当努力防止使用可成为战争遗留爆炸物的武器。指望各发展部和其他捐赠机构为清除方案供资，而又没有政策一致性，防止集束弹药造成的伤害，这既不合逻辑，又不能持续。现在是时候了，各国应商定一项关于集束弹药的谈判授权，这些弹药总是成为战争遗留爆炸物，对平民人口造成可以预见和不能接受的威胁和伤害。", "10. 布鲁尼先生(意大利)说，第五号议定书生效是《特定常规武器公约》关于减轻战争遗留爆炸物影响这一进程的一个有形的结果，其中包括未爆炸的集束弹药。关于冲突后人道主义威胁的现有法律规定应当与有关预防的法律规定相结合。由于意大利众议院通过了一项关于集束弹药的动议，意大利可以接受设立一个不限成员名额的《特定常规武器公约》政府专家小组，授权谈判一项有法律约束力的文书，减少集束弹药对平民人口的影响。", "11. 兰德曼先生(荷兰)说，同意受第五号议定书约束的缔约国非正式会议一致商定，有必要在2007年秋天召开一次缔约国正式会议，并在春天举行一次筹备委员会会议。荷兰将主持这两次会议。", "下午4时55分散会" ]

[ "THIRD REVIEW CONFERENCE OF THE STATESPARTIES TO THE CONVENTION ON PROHIBITIONS ORRESTRICTIONSON THE USE OF CERTAIN CONVENTIONAL WEAPONSWHICH MAY BE DEEMED TO BE EXCESSIVELYINJURIOUSOR TO HAVE INDISCRIMINATE EFFECTS\tCCW/CONF.III/SR.617 November 2006Original: ENGLISH", "Geneva, 7‑17 November 2006", "SUMMARY RECORD OF THE 6th MEETING", "Held at the Palais des Nations, Geneva,", "on Monday, 13 November 2006, at 3.30 p.m.", "President: Mr. BRASAK (Germany)", "(Vice‑President)", "CONTENTS", "SPECIAL PLENARY MEETING TO MARK THE ENTRY INTO FORCE OF CCW PROTOCOL V", "The meeting was called to order at 4.30 p.m.", "SPECIAL PLENARY MEETING TO MARK THE ENTRY INTO FORCE OF CCW PROTOCOL V (continued)", "1. Mr. RAWABDEH (Jordan) said that Jordan had begun mine‑clearing operations in 1993, in order to eliminate anti‑personnel mines and anti‑vehicle mines. Considerable progress had been made in that regard, and steps had been taken to provide rehabilitation and assistance to mine victims. The Jordanian Government was particularly grateful to all States, non‑governmental organizations and international organizations that had assisted in the mine‑clearing process, through the provision of financial assistance, training for mine clearance specialists and the provision of equipment to remove unexploded ordnance. The principles of international humanitarian law were taught in Jordanian military training centres, and Jordan abided by all international conventions that aimed to prevent suffering among both the military and civilians. The effective implementation of the CCW and its protocols required all donor States to assist other countries that lacked the capacity to fulfil their obligations, and provide support for future programmes in States with limited resources. The sponsorship programme to assist States unable to attend Convention meetings was a step in the right direction. Jordan hoped that donor countries would launch bilateral or multilateral initiatives to encourage other States that were lacking in technical resources to accede to the Convention and its protocols.", "2. Jordan supported the proposal for continued meetings of the expert groups in 2007, and considered that all States that had not yet signed Protocol V should be given the opportunity to attend those meetings, since that would assist non‑signatory States in overcoming the obstacles they faced in acceding to the Protocol. Jordan would contribute actively to such discussions.", "3. Mr. DUNCAN (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) said that the United Kingdom welcomed the entry into force of Protocol V and planned to ratify it in the near future. His Government shared the concerns expressed about the humanitarian impact of unexploded ordnance, including submunitions, and recognized the need for a ban on dumb cluster munitions, as well as the importance of pressing other military forces to live up to their responsibilities under international humanitarian law. Although the British armed forces used dumb cluster munitions very rarely, they remained part of the arsenal, since at times of conflict the British forces might need to destroy or suppress dispersed enemy armour, other combat forces or military facilities in a defined terrain.", "4. One of the main arguments for using cluster munitions was that a small number of those munitions delivered an effect over the required area without totally devastating the surrounding environment. The alternative was to use a greater number of high‑explosive munitions, which would destroy the enemy but inevitably cause much greater destruction to the surroundings. Such munitions were also not immune from failure to detonate, and subsequent accidental detonation could have a devastating effect. Cluster munitions delivered the required effect at a distance, and allowed field commanders to select target areas to minimize collateral damage. Eliminating that option ran the risk of producing more intense combat on the ground when troops made contact with the enemy. That would increase the likelihood of casualties on both sides, and would increase physical collateral damage.", "5. Although the United Kingdom agreed that nations should withdraw cluster munitions from service, internationally recognized definitions of cluster munitions and their dumb variants were required. His delegation proposed that the definition of cluster munitions should include munitions that had numerous submunitions, had explosive content, did not have a target discriminatory capability and did not have a self‑destruction, neutralization or deactivation capability in the event of failing to detonate prior to, on, or immediately after impact with the target. Agreement on definitions and a review of existing instruments and their implementation were an integral part of the process to address the humanitarian issues that arose from the use of cluster munitions, which might lead to the elaboration of further legally binding international norms.", "6. Mr. KONGSTAD (Norway) said that Norway shared the view expressed by the Austrian delegation that the humanitarian disaster caused by cluster munitions must be addressed urgently. Although his Government agreed that negotiations on an international instrument should start as soon as possible, it maintained that such negotiations should be held in a forum where they could be conducted effectively, with a realistic possibility of producing a treaty that could make a genuine difference to civilians both during and after armed conflicts. Norway was not convinced that the present forum would be adequate to achieve such results.", "7. Mr. GOOSE (Human Rights Watch) said that Human Rights Watch welcomed the entry into force of Protocol V and encouraged all States to ratify it as soon as possible. The Protocol would strengthen awareness that the detritus of war must be removed as swiftly as possible, and that the users of weapons that became explosive remnants of war had a particular responsibility in that regard. The language of Protocol V was weak, to the extent that some of its key provisions could be considered voluntary. The success of the Protocol would therefore depend on thorough implementation by governments. No States had expressed a willingness to increase their resource allocations to clearance programmes as a result of the entry into force of Protocol V, and global funding for clearance of explosive remnants of war had decreased in 2005. He wondered whether Protocol V would really result in States that had been engaged in conflicts giving information and assistance to facilitate clearance in a more rapid and comprehensive fashion than in the past.", "8. In 2003, many non‑governmental organizations, including Human Rights Watch, had criticized the CCW States parties that were negotiating Protocol V for their refusal to address the issue of cluster munitions. Since that time, the political will to tackle all aspects of cluster munitions had developed, and a new international instrument was therefore needed to prohibit the use, production, transfer and stockpiling of unreliable and inaccurate cluster munitions.", "9. Mr. HANNON (Mines Action Canada) said that when Protocol V had been negotiated, Mines Action Canada had expressed concern that it addressed only post‑conflict, generic measures, and did not cover existing explosive remnants of war. It was only a partial solution to the problem of explosive remnants of war which focused on solving the problem, rather than preventing it. That notwithstanding, the adoption of the Protocol had been a necessary step forward, and his organization welcomed its entry into force, and encouraged all States to ratify it. The value of Protocol V would be judged on how effectively it resulted in funding for clearing explosive remnants of war, emergency risk education and assistance to survivors. States parties should go beyond the letter of Protocol V, and act in the spirit of resolving an urgent humanitarian problem. The large‑scale ratification of the Mine Ban Convention demonstrated that the majority of States were willing to join a treaty with robust obligations. Not only were they willing to support legally binding instruments that comprehensively addressed humanitarian crises, but they were also capable of implementing such treaties. That suggested that CCW States parties could make Protocol V a significant element of international humanitarian law. Those States should also make efforts to prevent the use of weapons that became explosive remnants of war. It was both illogical and unsustainable to expect development ministries and other donor agencies to fund clearance programmes without policy coherence to prevent the harm caused by cluster munitions. It was now time for States to agree to a negotiating mandate on cluster munitions that consistently became explosive remnants of war, causing foreseeable and unacceptable threats and harm to civilian populations.", "10. Mr. BRUNI (Italy) said that the entry into force of Protocol V was a tangible result of the CCW process on mitigating the effects of explosive remnants of war, including unexploded cluster munitions. The existing legal provisions addressing post‑conflict humanitarian threats should be integrated with preventive legal provisions. Since the Italian Chamber of Deputies had adopted a motion on cluster munitions, Italy could accept the establishment of an open‑ended CCW group of governmental experts with a mandate to negotiate a legally binding instrument to reduce the impact of cluster munitions on civilian populations.", "11. Mr. LANDMAN (Netherlands) said that the informal meeting of States parties that had consented to be bound by Protocol V had produced unanimous agreement on the need to convene a formal meeting of States parties in the autumn of 2007, with a preparatory committee meeting the previous spring. The Netherlands would chair those two meetings.", "The meeting rose at 4.55 p.m." ]

[ "Geneva, 7-17 November 2006", "Summary record of the 6th meeting", "on Monday, 13 November 2006, at 3.30 p.m.", "Chairman: Mr. Brasack (Germany) (Vice-Chairman)", "CONTENTS", "Special plenary meeting to commemorate the entry into force of Protocol V to the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons", "The meeting was called to order at 4.30 p.m.", "Special plenary to mark the entry into force of Protocol V to the CCW (continued)", "1. Mr. Rawabidh (Jordan) said that his country had begun demining activities in 1993 to clear anti-personnel and anti-tank mines. Considerable progress has been made in this regard and measures have been taken to provide rehabilitation and assistance to mine victims. The Government of Jordan is particularly grateful to all States, non-governmental organizations and international organizations that have contributed to the demining process by providing financial assistance, training mine clearance experts and providing equipment to remove unexploded ordnance. The principles of international humanitarian law are taught at military training centres in Jordan, which adheres to all international conventions aimed at preventing the suffering of military personnel and civilians. Effective implementation of the CCW and its Protocols required all donor countries to help other countries that lacked the capacity to fulfil their obligations and to support future programmes in countries with limited resources. The Sponsorship Programme to assist States unable to participate in CCW meetings was a step in the right direction. Jordan hoped that donor countries would undertake bilateral or multilateral initiatives to encourage other countries lacking technical resources to accede to the Convention and its protocols.", "Jordan supported the proposal to continue the meeting of the Group of Experts in 2007 and believed that all States that had not yet signed Protocol V should be given the opportunity to do so, as that would help non-signatory States to overcome the obstacles to their accession to the Protocol. Jordan will contribute actively to such discussions.", "3. Mr. Duncan (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) said that his country welcomed the entry into force of Protocol V and planned to ratify it in the near future. His Government was also concerned about the humanitarian impact of unexploded ordnance, including submunitions, and recognized the need to ban smart cluster munitions and the importance of promoting other military forces to assume their responsibilities under international humanitarian law. Although the British armed forces rarely use non-smart cluster munitions, they are still part of the arsenal, as at the time of the conflict the British forces may need to destroy or suppress dispersed enemy armoured targets, other combat forces or military installations in a given area.", "4. One of the main arguments for the use of cluster munitions is that a small number of such munitions can affect the intended area without completely destroying the surrounding environment. The alternative would be to use a large number of high-explosive munitions, which would destroy the enemy but would inevitably cause greater damage to the surrounding environment. Nor are these munitions immune from explosion failure, and subsequent accidental detonation may have devastating effects. Cluster munitions have the required impact at a certain distance, allowing field commanders to select target ranges to minimize collateral damage. The elimination of this option could lead to more intense ground combat by troops when they meet. This may increase the probability of casualties on both sides and increase the physical collateral damage.", "5. While the United Kingdom agrees that States should decommission cluster munitions, there is a need for an internationally recognized definition of cluster munitions and their non-magic shape. The British delegation proposed that the definition of cluster munitions include munitions that contain multiple submunitions; incorporated explosive components; did not have a target-specific capability; and did not have a self-destruction, self-deactivation or self-neutralization capability before, at or immediately after impacting the target. Agreement on definitions and a review of existing instruments and their implementation is an integral part of the process to address the humanitarian problems caused by the use of cluster munitions, which could lead to detailed consideration of further legally binding international norms.", "6. Mr. Contard (Norway) said that Norway agreed with the Austrian delegation that the humanitarian disaster caused by cluster munitions needed to be addressed urgently. While his Government agreed that negotiations on an international instrument should begin as soon as possible, it believed that such negotiations should take place in a forum where effective negotiations could take place, with the realistic possibility of a treaty that would genuinely improve the situation of civilians during and after armed conflict. Norway is not convinced that the current forum is sufficient to achieve such an outcome.", "Mr. GOOS (Human Rights Watch) said that Human Rights Watch welcomed the entry into force of Protocol V and encouraged all States to ratify it as soon as possible. The Protocol would raise awareness that remnants of war must be eliminated as soon as possible and that users of weapons that became explosive remnants of war had a special responsibility in that regard. The wording of Protocol V was weak, as some of its key provisions could be considered voluntary. The success of the Protocol would therefore depend on the full implementation of the Protocol by Governments. No State had expressed its willingness to increase the resources allocated to clearance programmes as a result of the entry into force of Protocol V, and global funding for the clearance of explosive remnants of war had decreased in 2005. He wondered whether Protocol V would truly enable States involved in conflicts to provide information and assistance in a more rapid and comprehensive manner than in the past to facilitate clearance.", "8. In 2003, many non-governmental organizations, including Human Rights Watch, had criticized the refusal of States parties to the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons that were negotiating Protocol V to address the issue of cluster munitions. Since then, there has been more political will to address the issue of cluster munitions in all its aspects, and a new international instrument is needed to prohibit the use, production, transfer and stockpiling of unreliable and inaccurate cluster munitions.", "9. Mr. Hannon (Mine Action Canada) said that at the time of the negotiation of Protocol V, Mines Action Canada had expressed concern that the Protocol covered only post-conflict general measures and did not include existing explosive remnants of war. Focusing on problem solving rather than on prevention is only a partial solution to the ERW problem. Nevertheless, the adoption of the Protocol was a necessary step forward, and the Organization welcomed its entry into force and encouraged all States to ratify it. The value of Protocol V will be measured in terms of how effectively it attracts funding for ERW clearance, emergency risk education and assistance to survivors. The States parties should go beyond the language of Protocol V and act in a spirit of resolving pressing humanitarian problems. The large-scale ratification of the Mine Ban Convention shows that most States are willing to accede to a treaty with strict obligations. They are not only willing to support legally binding instruments that comprehensively address humanitarian crises, but are also able to implement such treaties. This shows that States Parties to the CCW can make Protocol V an important element of IHL. They should also work to prevent the use of weapons that could become explosive remnants of war. It is neither logical nor sustainable to expect development ministries and other donor agencies to fund clearance programmes without policy coherence to prevent the harm caused by cluster munitions. The time had come for States to agree on a negotiating mandate for cluster munitions, which had always become explosive remnants of war, causing foreseeable and unacceptable threats and harm to civilian populations.", "Mr. BRUNI (Italy) said that the entry into force of Protocol V was a tangible result of the CCW process on mitigating the effects of explosive remnants of war, including unexploded cluster munitions. Existing legal provisions on post-conflict humanitarian threats should be combined with those on prevention. As the Italian Chamber of Deputies had adopted a motion on cluster munitions, Italy could accept the establishment of an open-ended Group of Governmental Experts on the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons, with a mandate to negotiate a legally binding instrument to reduce the impact of cluster munitions on civilian populations.", "11. Mr. Landman (Netherlands) said that the informal meeting of States parties that had agreed to be bound by Protocol V had agreed on the need to convene a formal meeting of States parties in the autumn of 2007 and a preparatory committee meeting in the spring. The Netherlands will chair both meetings.", "The meeting rose at 4.55 p.m." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/454(Part II))通过]", "66/124. 关于为残疾人实现千年发展目标和其他国际商定发展目标的大会高级别会议", "大会，", "回顾《关于残疾人的世界行动纲领》、[1] 《残疾人机会均等标准规则》[2] 和《残疾人权利公约》，[3] 其中确认残疾人既是推动发展的力量，也是各方面发展的受益者，", "又回顾其以往关于包括千年发展目标在内的国际商定发展目标的各项决议，其中大会确认各国政府负有在全球一级维护人的尊严、平等和公平原则的集体责任，并强调指出会员国有责任为所有人，尤其是为残疾人，谋求更大的正义和平等，", "注意到残疾人陷入绝对贫困的风险较高，估计占世界总人口的15%，[4] 其中80%生活在发展中国家，[5] 并认识到必须开展和促进国际合作以支持各国尤其是发展中国家的努力，", "回顾其2010年12月21日第65/186号决议，其中请秘书长提交关于该决议执行情况的信息，以期在现有资源范围内于大会第六十七届会议期间召开一次高级别会议，讨论如何加强努力，确保残疾人能够参与并被纳入各方面发展工作，", "1. 表示赞赏地注意到秘书长题为“为残疾人实现千年发展目标和其他国际商定的发展目标”的报告；[6]", "2. 决定于2013年9月23日星期一在大会第六十八届会议一般性辩论开始之前召开为期一天的国家元首和政府首脑级大会高级别会议，中心主题为“前进的道路：直至2015年及其后兼顾残疾问题的发展议程”，经费将来自现有资源，其目的是加强努力以确保残疾人能够参与并被纳入各方面发展工作；", "3. 又决定这一高级别会议的组织安排如下：", "(a) 高级别会议将包括一次全体会议和连续两次非正式互动圆桌会议，圆桌会议将由大会主席邀请的会员国主持，圆桌会议的主题将由大会主席与会员国协商决定；", "(b) 大会主席、秘书长、残疾人权利委员会主席以及大会主席选定的一位积极参与残疾人事务的知名人士和一位来自具有经济及社会理事会咨商地位的非政府组织的代表将在开幕式全体会议上发言；", "(c) 圆桌会议主席将在闭幕式全体会议上总结讨论情况；", "(d) 为促进互动式实质性讨论，每次圆桌会议都将有以下各方参加：会员国、观察员和联合国系统各实体代表以及民间社会、残疾人组织和私营部门的选定代表；", "4. 还决定高级别会议将产生一项注重行动的简要成果文件，以支持《残疾人权利公约》³ 各项目标以及为残疾人落实千年发展目标和其他国际商定发展目标，并请大会主席与会员国协商，考虑到残疾人组织的投入，提出一份草稿，并在现有资源范围内，于一个适当日期举行非正式协商，以便会员国在高级别会议之前能够充分审议该草稿，取得共识；", "5. 吁请会员国考虑在参加高级别会议的代表团中包括残疾人，同时应考虑到性别均衡和不歧视的原则以及在残疾和年龄上存在各种各样不同这一事实；", "6. 邀请大会主席编制一份参加高级别会议、具有经济及社会理事会咨商地位的非政府组织的代表名单；", "7. 又邀请大会主席在与会员国进行适当协商后编制一份可能参加高级别会议的其他非政府组织、残疾人组织、相关民间社会组织和私营部门的代表名单，同时应顾及公平地域代表性原则，将名单提交会员国，供在无异议基础上进行审议，并提请大会注意最终名单；", "8. 鼓励所有会员国、政府间组织和非政府组织、私营部门实体以及其他相关利益攸关方考虑为发展中国家的代表参加会议提供支持，特别是让来自发展中国家的残疾人代表以及非政府组织和民间社会组织的代表发挥突出作用，以推动尽可能广泛的人士参与，并请秘书长在现有资源范围内为此采取一切必要措施，包括确保高级别会议的无障碍通行；", "9. 请大会主席与会员国协商，最后确定高级别会议的组织安排并应考虑会议时间长度，确定将在开幕式全体会议上发言的积极参与残疾人事务知名人士和具有经济及社会理事会咨商地位非政府组织的代表，确定将在第一次圆桌会议上发言的具有经济及社会理事会咨商地位、积极参与残疾人事务非政府组织的代表，并确定两次圆桌会议的主席，同时应铭记代表级别和公平地域代表性。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] A/37/351/Add.1，附件，第八节，建议1㈣。", "[2] 第48/96号决议，附件。", "[3] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第2512卷，第44910号。", "[4] 根据世界卫生组织和世界银行2011年发表的《世界残疾报告》，残疾人估计占世界人口的15%。", "[5] 大会第65/186号决议指出，“残疾人估计占世界总人口的10%，其中80%生活在发展中国家，”“80%”这个数字最早来自联合国开发计划署，在题为“残疾与贫穷：世界银行贫穷评估调查及其影响”的讨论文件(Jeanine Braithwaite和Daniel Monte，世界银行第0805号讨论文件，2008年2月)中被引用。", "[6] A/66/128。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/454 (Part II))]", "66/124. High‑level Meeting of the General Assembly on the realization of the Millennium Development Goals and other internationally agreed development goals for persons with disabilities", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling the World Programme of Action concerning Disabled Persons,[1] the Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities[2] and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities,[3] in which persons with disabilities are recognized as both development agents and beneficiaries in all aspects of development,", "Recalling also its previous resolutions on the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, in which it recognized the collective responsibility of Governments to uphold the principles of human dignity, equality and equity at the global level, and stressing the duty of Member States to achieve greater justice and equality for all, in particular persons with disabilities,", "Noting that persons with disabilities, who face a greater risk of living in absolute poverty, make up an estimated 15 per cent of the world’s population,[4] of whom 80 per cent live in developing countries,[5] and recognizing the importance of international cooperation and its promotion in support of national efforts, in particular for developing countries,", "Recalling its resolution 65/186 of 21 December 2010, by which it requested the Secretary‑General to submit information on the implementation of the resolution, with a view to convening, within existing resources, a high‑level meeting at the sixty‑seventh session of the General Assembly on strengthening efforts to ensure accessibility for and inclusion of persons with disabilities in all aspects of development efforts,", "1. Takes note with appreciation of the report of the Secretary‑General entitled “Realization of the Millennium Development Goals and other internationally agreed development goals for persons with disabilities”;[6]", "2. Decides to convene a one‑day High‑level Meeting of the General Assembly, at the level of Heads of State and Government, on 23 September 2013, the Monday before the start of the general debate of the sixty‑eighth session of the Assembly, with the overarching theme “The way forward: a disability‑inclusive development agenda towards 2015 and beyond”, which shall be funded within existing resources, in order to strengthen efforts to ensure accessibility for and inclusion of persons with disabilities in all aspects of development efforts;", "3. Also decides that the organizational arrangements for the High‑level Meeting should be as follows:", "(a) The High‑level Meeting will comprise a plenary meeting and two consecutive informal interactive round tables, the round tables to be chaired by Member States at the invitation of the President of the General Assembly, and the themes for the round tables will be decided by the President of the Assembly in consultation with Member States;", "(b) The opening plenary meeting will feature statements by the President of the General Assembly, the Secretary‑General, the Chair of the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, an eminent person actively engaged in disability issues and a representative of non‑governmental organizations in consultative status with the Economic and Social Council, both of whom will be chosen by the President of the Assembly;", "(c) The Chairs of the round tables will present summaries of the discussions at the closing plenary meeting;", "(d) In order to promote interactive and substantive discussions, participation in each round table will include Member States, observers and representatives of entities of the United Nations system, as well as selected representatives of civil society, organizations of persons with disabilities and the private sector;", "4. Further decides that the High‑level Meeting will result in a concise, action‑oriented outcome document in support of the aims of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities³ and the realization of the Millennium Development Goals and other internationally agreed development goals for persons with disabilities, and requests the President of the General Assembly to produce a draft text, in consultation with Member States, taking into account input from organizations of persons with disabilities, and to convene informal consultations, within existing resources, at an appropriate date in order to enable sufficient consideration and agreement by Member States prior to the Meeting;", "5. Calls upon Member States to consider including in their delegations to the High‑level Meeting persons with disabilities, bearing in mind the principles of gender balance and non‑discrimination and the fact that there are disability and age diversities;", "6. Invites the President of the General Assembly to draw up a list of representatives of non‑governmental organizations in consultative status with the Economic and Social Council who will participate in the High‑level Meeting;", "7. Also invites the President of the General Assembly, following appropriate consultations with Member States, to draw up a list of representatives of other non‑governmental organizations, organizations of persons with disabilities, relevant civil society organizations and the private sector who might participate in the High‑level Meeting, taking into account the principle of equitable geographical representation, and to submit the list to Member States for consideration on a no‑objection basis and bring to the attention of the Assembly the finalized list;", "8. Encourages all Member States, intergovernmental and non‑governmental organizations, private sector entities and other relevant stakeholders to consider supporting the participation of representatives from developing countries, in particular, to give a prominent role to delegates who are persons with disabilities and representatives of non‑governmental organizations and civil society organizations from those countries, in order to promote the broadest possible participation, and requests the Secretary‑General to take, within existing resources, all necessary measures in this regard, including the accessibility of the High‑level Meeting;", "9. Requests the President of the General Assembly, in consultation with Member States, to finalize the organizational arrangements for the High‑level Meeting, taking into account the length of the meetings, the identification of the eminent person actively engaged in disability issues and the representative of non‑governmental organizations in consultative status with the Economic and Social Council to speak at the opening plenary meeting, the identification of a representative of a non‑governmental organization in consultative status with the Economic and Social Council active in disability issues to speak at the first round table and the identification of Chairs for the round tables, bearing in mind the level of representation and equitable geographical representation.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  A/37/351/Add.1 and Corr.1, annex, sect. VIII, recommendation 1 (IV).", "[2]  Resolution 48/96, annex.", "[3]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2515, No. 44910.", "[4]  According to the World Report on Disability, published in 2011 by the World Health Organization and the World Bank, an estimated 15 per cent of the world’s population lives with a disability.", "[5]  General Assembly resolution 65/186 states that “persons with disabilities make up an estimated 10 per cent of the world’s population, of whom 80 per cent live in developing countries”. The figure of 80 per cent, which originated from the United Nations Development Programme, was quoted in a discussion paper entitled “Disability and poverty: a survey of World Bank poverty assessments and implications” (Jeanine Braithwaite and Daniel Mont, SP discussion paper No. 0805, World Bank, February 2008).", "[6]  A/66/128." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/64/454 (Part II)]", "High-level meeting of the General Assembly on achieving the Millennium Development Goals and other internationally agreed development goals for persons with disabilities", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling the World Programme of Action for Persons with Disabilities, the Standard Rules on Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities [2] and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, which [3] recognize that persons with disabilities are both agents for development and beneficiaries of development in all its aspects,", "Recalling also its previous resolutions on the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, in which the General Assembly recognized the collective responsibility of Governments to uphold the principles of human dignity, equality and equity at the global level, and emphasized the responsibility of Member States to pursue greater justice and equality for all, in particular for persons with disabilities,", "Noting that persons with disabilities are at a high risk of absolute poverty and that they account for 15 per cent of the world's total population, [4] of which 80 per cent live in developing countries, [5] recognize the importance of implementing and promoting international cooperation in support of national efforts, in particular in developing countries,", "Recalling its resolution 63/286 of 21 December 2010, in which it requested the Secretary-General to submit information on the implementation of the resolution, with a view to convening, within existing resources, a high-level meeting during the sixty-seventh session of the General Assembly to discuss ways to strengthen efforts to ensure that persons with disabilities are able to participate and incorporated in all aspects of development,", "Takes note with appreciation of the report of the Secretary-General entitled “Towards the Millennium Development Goals and other internationally agreed development goals for persons with disabilities”; [6]", "Decides to convene, on Monday, 23 September 2013, a one-day high-level meeting of Heads of State and Government until the start of the general debate of the sixty-eighth session of the General Assembly, on the theme “The way forward: Up to 2015 and beyond, the development agenda on disability will be funded from existing resources aimed at strengthening efforts to ensure that persons with disabilities are involved and incorporated into all aspects of development;", "Also decides that the organization of the high-level segment shall be as follows:", "(a) The high-level segment will include one plenary meeting and two consecutive informal interactive round tables, chaired by Member States invited by the President of the General Assembly, and the theme of the round tables will be decided by the President of the General Assembly in consultation with Member States;", "(b) Statements will be made by the President of the General Assembly, the Secretary-General, the Chairperson of the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and by a representative of a non-governmental organization in consultative status with the Economic and Social Council;", "(c) The Chair of the round tables will summarize the discussion at the closing plenary meeting;", "(d) To facilitate interactive substantive discussions, each round table will involve the participation of Member States, observers and representatives of entities of the United Nations system and selected representatives of civil society, organizations of persons with disabilities and the private sector;", "Further decides that the high-level segment will result in a concise action-oriented outcome document to support the objectives of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities3 and to implement the Millennium Development Goals and other internationally agreed development goals for persons with disabilities, and requests the President of the General Assembly, in consultation with Member States, to submit a draft, taking into account input from organizations of persons with disabilities, and to hold informal consultations, within existing resources, at an appropriate date, in order to enable Member States to fully consider the draft and achieve consensus;", "Calls upon Member States to consider including persons with disabilities in delegations participating in the high-level segment, taking into account the principles of gender balance and non-discrimination, as well as the diverse factions in disability and age;", "Invites the President of the General Assembly to prepare a list of representatives participating in the high-level segment and non-governmental organizations in consultative status with the Economic and Social Council;", "Also invites the President of the General Assembly to prepare, after appropriate consultations with Member States, a list of representatives of other non-governmental organizations, organizations of persons with disabilities, relevant civil society organizations and the private sector that may participate in the high-level segment, taking into account the principle of equitable geographical representation, to submit the list to Member States for consideration on the basis of no objection, and to bring the final list to the attention of the General Assembly;", "Encourages all Member States, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, private sector entities and other relevant stakeholders to consider providing support to the participation of representatives of developing countries, in particular representatives of persons with disabilities from developing countries, as well as non-governmental organizations and civil society organizations, in order to facilitate the participation of the widest possible range of persons, and requests the Secretary-General to take all necessary measures, within existing resources, to that end, including by ensuring accessibility to the high-level segment;", "Requests the President of the General Assembly, in consultation with Member States, to finalize the organizational arrangements for the high-level segment and to consider the length of the session, to identify the distinguished persons of persons with disabilities who will be actively involved in the opening plenary meeting and representatives of non-governmental organizations in consultative status with the Economic and Social Council, to identify representatives of non-governmental organizations active in the affairs of persons with disabilities and to identify the chairpersons of the two round tables, bearing in mind the level of representation and equitable geographical representation.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "A/37/351/Add.1, annex, sect. VIII, recommendation 1 (iv).", "[2] Resolution 48/96, annex.", "[3] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2512, No. 44910.", "[4] According to the World Disability Report published in 2011 by the World Health Organization and the World Bank, persons with disabilities are estimated to be 15 per cent of the world's population.", "[5] In its resolution 63/286, the General Assembly noted that “the estimated number of persons with disabilities is 10 per cent of the world's total population, 80 per cent of whom live in developing countries”, the figure “80 per cent” was first drawn from the United Nations Development Programme and was cited in the discussion paper entitled “Disability and poverty: World Bank poverty assessment survey and its impact” (Jeanine Braithwaite and Daniel Monte, World Bank Discussion Paper No. 0805, February 2008).", "[6] A/64/228." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/454(Part II))通过]", "66/125. 社会发展问题世界首脑会议和大会第二十四届特别会议成果的执行情况", "大会，", "回顾1995年3月6日至12日在哥本哈根举行的社会发展问题世界首脑会议和2000年6月26日至7月1日在日内瓦举行的题为“社会发展问题世界首脑会议及其后的发展：在全球化世界实现惠及所有人的社会发展”的大会第二十四届特别会议，", "重申《社会发展问题哥本哈根宣言和行动纲领》、[1] 大会第二十四届特别会议通过的关于社会发展问题的进一步倡议[2] 以及全球社会发展问题持续对话是在国家和国际各级促进惠及所有人的社会发展的基本框架，", "回顾《联合国千年宣言》[3] 及其所载各项发展目标，以及联合国各次主要首脑会议、大型会议和特别会议所作的承诺，包括2005年世界首脑会议[4] 和大会关于千年发展目标的高级别全体会议所作的承诺，[5]", "又回顾大会关于联合国经济和社会领域各次主要会议和首脑会议成果的统筹协调执行及后续行动的2003年6月23日第57/270B号决议，", "还回顾其关于联合国第一个消除贫穷十年(1997-2006)执行情况的2005年12月22日第60/209号决议，", "回顾其关于世界金融和经济危机及其对发展的影响问题会议成果的2009年7月9日第63/303号决议，", "重申经济及社会理事会关于促进充分就业和人人有体面的工作的2008年7月24日第2008/18号决议和关于促进社会融合的2010年7月22日第2010/12号决议，并欢迎社会发展委员会决定把“消除贫穷”列为2011-2012年审查和政策周期的优先主题，", "赞赏地注意到经济及社会理事会2006年实质性会议高级别部分通过的题为“在国家和国际一级营造有利于创造充分、生产性就业及人人有体面工作的环境及其对可持续发展的影响”的部长级宣言，[6]", "注意到一如《国际劳工组织关于社会正义促进公平全球化的宣言》[7] ——其中确认劳工组织在促进公平全球化方面的特殊作用以及在协助其成员开展努力方面所负有的责任——及《全球就业契约》中重申的那样，国际劳工组织的体面工作纲领及其四项战略目标可在促进实现充分、生产性就业及人人有体面工作这一目标，包括其社会保护目标方面发挥重要作用，", "强调需要加强社会发展委员会在贯彻和审查社会发展问题世界首脑会议和大会第二十四届特别会议成果方面的作用，", "确认消除贫穷、实现充分和生产性就业及人人有体面工作以及社会融合这三大社会发展核心主题彼此关联并相辅相成，因此需要创造一个有利环境，以便同时谋求实现所有这三项目标，", "又确认以人为本必须是经济和社会发展的核心，", "表示深为关切世界金融和经济危机的持续不利后果、反复无常的能源和粮食价格以及气候变化所产生的各种挑战，正在阻碍社会发展目标的实现，", "认识到若干重大结构性因素和综合因素相结合，导致当前全球粮食危机和持续粮食无保障，包括粮食价格不稳定状况呈现复杂性质，而这一复杂性质也受到特别是环境退化、干旱和荒漠化、全球气候变化、自然灾害以及缺乏必要技术的不利影响，此外也认识到需要各国政府和整个国际社会作出坚定承诺，以对付粮食安全所面临的重大威胁，并确保农业领域的政策不扭曲贸易，不使粮食危机恶化，", "深为关切世界上所有国家，不论经济、社会和文化状况如何，都长期存在赤贫现象，而且赤贫程度及其表现形式，如饥饿、贩运人口、疾病、缺乏适足住房和文盲，在发展中国家尤为严重，同时也承认世界一些地区在消除赤贫方面取得了重大进展，", "确认国际社会支持社会发展领域国家能力建设努力的重要性，同时也确认各国政府在这方面担负的主要责任，", "申明大力支持公平的全球化，必须将增长转化为消除贫穷并承诺推行旨在促进充分、自由选择的生产性就业和人人有体面工作的战略和政策，这些应成为相关的国家政策和国际政策以及包括减贫战略在内国家发展战略的基本组成部分，重申应将关于创造就业和体面工作的内容纳入宏观经济政策，同时充分考虑到全球化的影响和社会层面，全球化惠益的分享和成本的分担常常不均，", "认识到有必要增强发展中国家从贸易中，包括从农产品贸易中获益的机会，以便促进社会发展，", "又认识到社会包容是实现社会融合的一个手段，对于促进形成稳定、安全、和谐、和平及公正的社会以及加强社会凝聚力以创造一个有利于发展和进步的环境至关重要，", "1. 注意到秘书长的报告；[8]", "2. 欢迎各国政府重申继续落实《社会发展问题哥本哈根宣言和行动纲领》¹ 的决心和承诺，特别是消除贫穷，促进充分、生产性就业，促进社会融合，以构建人人共享的稳定、安全和公正的社会；", "3. 认识到履行哥本哈根承诺和实现包括千年发展目标在内的国际商定发展目标两者相辅相成，并认识到哥本哈根承诺对协调一致、以人为本的发展方针至关重要；", "4. 重申社会发展委员会在贯彻和审查社会发展问题世界首脑会议及大会第二十四届特别会议成果方面继续承担主要责任，重申委员会是联合国推动加强社会发展问题全球对话的主要论坛，并吁请会员国、联合国系统相关的专门机构、基金和方案以及民间社会加强对委员会工作的支持力度；", "5. 表示深为关切世界金融和经济危机的持续不利后果、反复无常的能源和粮食价格、粮食无保障状况、气候变化所带来的各种挑战以及多边贸易谈判迄无成果，都对社会发展有着不利影响；", "6. 强调指出国家政府政策空间的重要性，尤其是在社会支出和社会保护方案领域，吁请国际金融机构和捐助方支持发展中国家根据本国优先事项和战略实现社会发展，包括为此提供债务减免；", "7. 认识到社会发展问题世界首脑会议和大会第二十四届特别会议所申明的关于社会发展的广泛概念在国家和国际决策过程中未得到充分落实，而且，虽然消除贫穷是发展政策和讨论的一项核心内容，但也应当进一步注重首脑会议所商定的其他承诺，尤其是有关就业和社会融合的承诺，因为经济决策与社会决策的普遍脱节使这两方面也受到了影响；", "8. 确认在社会发展问题世界首脑会议后启动的联合国第一个消除贫穷十年(1997-2006年)为在国家和国际一级持续协同努力消除贫穷勾画了远景；", "9. 认识到第一个十年期间各国政府所作承诺的落实情况有负众望，欢迎大会2007年12月19日第62/205号决议宣布联合国第二个消除贫穷十年(2008-2017年)，以便以高效、协调一致的方式支持落实与消除贫穷有关的国际商定发展目标，包括千年发展目标；", "10. 强调联合国各次主要会议和首脑会议，包括千年首脑会议、2005年世界首脑会议、大会关于千年发展目标的高级别全体会议，以及发展筹资问题国际会议在其《蒙特雷共识》[9] 中更加突出了消除贫穷工作在联合国发展议程中的优先地位和紧迫性；", "11. 又强调消除贫穷政策应着眼于对付贫穷的根源及结构性原因和表现，而且需要在这些政策中纳入公平和减少不平等的措施；", "12. 重申每个国家都对本国的经济发展和社会发展负有主要责任，国家政策和发展战略的作用无论怎样强调都不为过，并强调必须采取有效措施，包括酌情建立新的金融机制，以支持发展中国家努力实现持续经济增长、可持续发展、消除贫穷并加强民主制度；", "13. 强调指出一个有利的环境是实现公平和社会发展的重要先决条件，经济增长固然十分重要，但根深蒂固的不平等和边缘化现象有碍实现可持续、包容和以人为本的发展所需的广泛持续增长；认识到有必要在实现增长的措施与实现经济和社会公平的措施之间达成平衡并确保两者间彼此互补，才能对总体贫困情况产生影响；", "14. 又强调指出全球金融体系的稳定及公司的社会责任和问责以及影响其他利益攸关方的国家经济政策对于创造有利于促进经济增长和社会发展的国际环境至关重要；", "15. 认识到有必要促进对所有人权和基本自由的尊重，以便通过制定和发展适当机制以加强和巩固民主体制和治理等途径，解决穷人最迫切的社会需求；", "16. 重申致力于实现性别平等和增强妇女权能，将性别平等观点纳入所有发展努力的主流，认识到这对于实现可持续发展至关重要，并且对于以下各方面努力也至关重要：消除饥饿、贫穷和疾病；加强政策和方案，以增加、确保及扩大妇女作为平等伙伴在政治、经济、社会和文化生活所有方面的充分参与；通过消除顽固存在的障碍，包括确保获得充分、生产性就业及体面工作的平等机会，以及增强妇女经济独立性，使妇女有更多机会获得所有必要资源，以充分行使其所有人权和享受基本自由；", "17. 鼓励各国政府促进人民有效参与公民、社会、经济和政治活动以及参与规划和实施社会融合政策与战略，以更好地实现消除贫穷、充分就业和体面工作以及社会融合的目标；", "18. 重申致力于促进充分、自由选择和生产性的就业机会，包括促进最弱势群体的这种机会，以及促进人人有体面工作，以便提供与经济效率相结合的社会正义，充分尊重在公平、平等、安全和有尊严的条件下工作的基本原则和权利，还重申宏观经济政策除其他外应支持创造就业，同时充分考虑到全球化的社会影响和社会层面；", "19. 又重申亟须在国家和国际各级创造有利于实现充分、生产性就业及人人有体面工作的环境，以此作为实现可持续发展的基础，而且，一个有利于投资、增长和创业的环境对于创造新的就业机会至关重要；还重申男子和妇女有机会获得自由、公平、安全和有尊严的条件下的生产性工作，对于确保消除饥饿和贫穷、改善所有人的经济和社会福祉、实现各国经济持续增长和可持续发展、实现全面包容和公平的全球化，都至关重要；", "20. 强调指出必须排除实现人民自决权的障碍，特别是排除生活在殖民统治或其他形式外国统治或外国占领下的人民行使自决权的障碍，此种障碍对这些人民的社会和经济发展产生不利影响，包括导致他们被排除在劳动力市场之外；", "21. 重申需要消除各种形式和表现的暴力行为，包括家庭暴力行为，尤其是针对妇女、儿童、老年人和残疾人的暴力行为，还有包括仇外心理在内的歧视，认识到暴力行为增加了各国和各个社会实现消除贫穷、充分和生产性就业及人人有体面工作以及社会融合所面临的挑战，还认识到恐怖主义、贩运军火、有组织犯罪、贩运人口、洗钱、族裔和宗教冲突、内战、出于政治动机的杀害和灭绝种族等对各国和各个社会建立有利于社会发展的条件构成日益多的挑战，而且也是各国政府单独和酌情联合采取行动，在承认、保护和尊重多样性的同时促进社会凝聚力的紧迫而有力理由；", "22. 请联合国各基金、方案和机构把充分和生产性就业及人人有体面工作这一目标纳入各自政策、方案和活动的主流，并支持会员国为实现这一目标而作的努力，此外邀请各金融机构为这方面的努力提供支持；", "23. 认识到为了促进充分就业和体面工作，也需要投资于妇女和男子、女孩和男孩的教育、培训和技能发展，加强社会保护和医疗卫生系统，并适用国际劳工标准；", "24. 又认识到充分、生产性就业及人人有体面工作包含了社会保护、工作场所的基本原则和权利、三方协商和社会对话等层面，是所有国家实现可持续发展的关键要素，因此也是国际合作的一个优先目标；", "25. 鼓励各国制订并实施旨在消除贫穷、充分就业和使人人有体面工作的政策与战略，包括创造有适当、适足报酬的充分和生产性就业，以及能促进性别平等和增强妇女权能并能满足诸如青年人、残疾人、老年人、移民和土著人民等社会群体具体需要的政策与战略，同时在规划、执行和评价发展方案与政策时考虑到这些群体所关切的问题；", "26. 又强调指出需要调拨充足资源，以消除工作场所对妇女的一切形式歧视，包括在劳动力市场准入方面的不平等和工资不平等，并帮助妇女和男子兼顾工作与私人生活；", "27. 确认国际移徙与社会发展两者之间的重要关系，强调指出必须有效执行关于移民工人劳资关系和工作条件的劳工法，包括关于移民工人报酬、健康条件和工作场所安全以及自由结社权利的法律；", "28. 确认自1995年在哥本哈根召开社会发展问题世界首脑会议以来，在谋求和促进社会融合方面取得了显著进展，包括通过了2002年《马德里老龄问题国际行动计划》、[10] 《世界青年行动纲领》、[11] 《残疾人权利公约》、[12] 《联合国土著人民权利宣言》[13] 和《北京宣言》和《行动纲要》；[14]", "29. 强调指出应更公平分配经济增长的惠益，为了缩小不平等方面的差距，避免进一步加深不平等，有必要制定全面的社会政策和方案，包括适当的社会资金转拨和创造就业的方案以及社会保障制度；", "30. 认识到必须为正规和非正规经济部门提供社会保护计划，作为实现公平、包容以及社会稳定与团结的工具，并强调必须支持各国努力把非正规工人纳入正规经济；", "31. 强调指出消除贫穷政策除其他外应确保生活贫穷者有机会享有教育、保健、水和环境卫生及其他公共和社会服务，有机会得到生产资源，包括信贷、土地、培训、技术、知识和信息，并确保公民和地方社区参与这方面的社会发展政策和方案的决策；", "32. 认识到对于生活贫困者而言，社会融合应包含通过统筹发展战略来解决和满足他们的基本人类需求，包括营养、保健、水、卫生、住房以及教育和就业机会；", "33. 重申社会融合政策应力求减少不平等现象，增加获得基本社会服务、全民教育和保健服务的机会，消除歧视，扩大特别是青年人、老年人和残疾人等社会群体的参与及融合，并且应对全球化和市场驱动的改革给社会发展带来的挑战，力求使所有国家的所有人民都得益于全球化；", "34. 敦促各国政府认识到需要有社会保护制度来提供社会保障和支持对劳动力市场的参与，与相关实体合作，建立社会保护制度，酌情推广或扩大其效益和覆盖面，以包括非正规经济部门工作者；邀请国际劳工组织加强其关于扩大社会保障覆盖面的社会保护战略和政策；敦促各国政府根据本国国情，侧重关注穷人或易陷入贫困人口的需求，尤其注重基本社会保障制度的普及，同时认识到最基本的社会保护可以为消除贫穷和脆弱性提供一个制度基础；", "35. 请联合国系统继续以连贯一致、协调的方式支持会员国在国内做出努力，以实现包容性的社会发展；", "36. 重申致力于促进土著人民在教育、就业、住房、卫生、保健和社会保障等领域的权利，并注意到《联合国土著人民权利宣言》对这些领域给予了关注；", "37. 认识到需要以统筹、明确和参与的方式制定社会发展政策，同时认识到贫穷是一种多层面现象，要求在此问题上制定互相联系的公共政策，并强调发展和福利综合战略应包含公共政策；", "38. 确认公共部门作为雇主可以发挥的作用以及其在建立有利于有效创造充分和生产性就业及人人有体面工作的环境方面所具有的重要性；", "39. 又确认在带动新投资、就业和发展融资方面以及在推动努力实现充分就业和体面工作方面，私营部门可以发挥重要作用；", "40. 认识到应采取步骤，预作准备，消除全球化对社会和经济的负面影响，把农业和非农业部门作为优先重点，并尽可能扩大全球化给生活和工作在农村地区的穷人带来的惠益，同时特别关注特别是农村地区微型企业和中小型企业的发展以及生计经济的发展，以保障他们安全地与大型经济部门互动；", "41. 又认识到需要对城市地区居民尤其是城市贫民的社会发展问题给予必要关注；", "42. 还认识到有必要优先考虑投资于并进一步促进可持续农业发展、微型企业、中小企业和创业合作社及其他形式的社会企业以及妇女的参与和创业，以此作为促进充分、生产性就业及人人有体面工作的手段；", "43. 重申在2005年世界首脑会议上所作的满足非洲的特殊需要的承诺，[15] 强调经济及社会理事会关于加强联合国系统内部协调的呼吁以及当前为协调现有各项非洲问题倡议而开展的工作，并请社会发展委员会在其工作中继续适当重视非洲发展新伙伴关系[16] 的社会层面；", "44. 又重申在这方面国际合作可发挥重要作用，帮助发展中国家，包括最不发达国家，增强它们的人力、体制和技术能力；", "45. 强调指出国际社会应加大行动力度，通过进一步向发展中国家开放市场、根据共同商定的条件进行技术转让、提供财政援助及综合解决外债问题等途径，创造一个有利于社会发展和消除贫穷的环境；", "46. 又强调指出国际贸易和稳定的金融体系可以成为有效工具，为所有国家的发展创造有利条件，并强调指出贸易壁垒和某些贸易做法继续对就业增长、特别是对发展中国家的就业增长带来消极影响；", "47. 确认国家和国际各级的善治和法治对于持续经济增长、可持续发展和消除贫穷和饥饿至关重要；", "48. 敦促尚未按其承诺行事的发达国家作出切实努力，使其向发展中国家提供的官方发展援助达到占国民生产总值0.7%、向最不发达国家提供的官方发展援助达到占国民生产总值0.15%至0.2%的指标，并鼓励发展中国家在已取得的进展基础上再接再厉，确保官方发展援助得到有效利用，以帮助实现发展目标和指标；", "49. 敦促会员国和国际社会履行全部承诺，满足因这场尤其影响到最贫穷者和最弱势者的全球金融和经济危机而产生的对社会发展的需求，包括对社会服务和社会救助的需求；", "50. 欢迎一些会员国在创新筹资机制基础上采取自愿举措，促进为社会发展调动资源，其中包括旨在可持续和可预测地以负担得起的价格向发展中国家进一步提供药物的国际药品采购机制，以及诸如国际免疫融资机制和疫苗捐助预先市场承诺等其他举措；并注意到2004年9月20日《纽约宣言》，其中提出了采取行动战胜饥饿和贫穷的倡议，并吁请各方进一步关注筹措急需资金，以期帮助实现千年发展目标，补充外援，确保外援的长期稳定和可预测性；", "51. 重申社会发展需要包括民间社会组织、公司和小型企业在内的所有行为体积极参与发展进程，而且所有相关行为体之间的伙伴关系正日益成为国内和国际社会发展合作的一部分，并重申在各国国内，政府、民间社会和私营部门之间的伙伴关系可切实有助于实现社会发展目标；", "52. 着重指出包括大小企业和跨国公司在内的国家和国际各级私营部门不仅应对其活动所涉的经济和金融问题负责，而且应对其活动所涉的发展、社会、性别平等和环境问题负责，承担对其员工的义务，为实现可持续发展包括社会发展作出贡献；强调需要就公司责任和问责问题采取具体行动，包括通过所有利益攸关方的参与等途径，防止或起诉腐败行为；", "53. 强调指出增强公司社会责任和问责的重要性，鼓励负责任的商业做法，例如《全球契约》倡导的做法，邀请私营部门既考虑其业务活动的经济和金融方面影响，也考虑其业务活动对发展、社会、人权、性别平等及环境方面的影响，并强调国际劳工组织《关于多国企业和社会政策的三方原则宣言》的重要性；", "54. 邀请秘书长、经济及社会理事会、各区域委员会、联合国系统相关的专门机构、基金和方案以及其他政府间论坛在各自职权范围内继续将哥本哈根承诺和《社会发展问题世界首脑会议十周年宣言》[17] 纳入各自工作方案并予以优先重视，继续积极参与这些承诺及该宣言的后续落实，并监测这些承诺和保证的落实成果；", "55. 邀请社会发展委员会在审查《社会发展问题哥本哈根宣言和行动纲领》执行情况时，注重加强国家、区域和国际经验交流，在专家和业界人士之间开展有重点的互动对话，交流最佳做法和经验教训，并且除其他外，消除世界金融和经济危机以及世界粮食和能源危机对社会发展目标的影响；", "56. 决定将题为“社会发展问题世界首脑会议和大会第二十四届特别会议成果的执行情况”的分项目列入大会第六十七届会议临时议程，并请秘书长向大会该届会议提交一份关于这个问题的报告。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] 《社会发展问题世界首脑会议的报告，1995年3月6日至12日，哥本哈根》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.96.IV.8)，第一章，决议1，附件一和二。", "[2] S-24/2号决议，附件。", "[3] 见第55/2号决议。", "[4] 见第60/1号决议。", "[5] 见第65/1号决议。", "[6] 见《大会正式记录，第六十一届会议，补编第3号》(A/61/3/Rev.1)，第三章，第50段。", "[7] A/63/538-E/2009/4，附件。", "[8] A/66/124。", "[9] 《发展筹资问题国际会议的报告，2002年3月18日至22日，墨西哥蒙特雷》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.02.II.A.7)，第一章，决议1，附件。", "[10] 《第二次老龄问题世界大会报告，2002年4月8日至12日，马德里》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.02.IV.4)，第一章，决议1，附件二。", "[11] 第50/81号决议，附件；第62/126号决议，附件。", "[12] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第2515卷，第44910号。", "[13] 第61/295号决议，附件。", "[14] 《第四次妇女问题世界会议报告，1995年9月4日至15日，北京》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.96.IV.13)，第一章，决议1，附件一和二。", "[15] 见第60/1号决议，第68段。", "[16] A/57/304，附件。", "[17] 见《经济及社会理事会正式记录，2005年，补编第6号》(E/2005/26)，第一章，A节；另见经济及社会理事会第2005/234号决定。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/454 (Part II))]", "66/125. Implementation of the outcome of the World Summit for Social Development and of the twenty‑fourth special session of the General Assembly", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling the World Summit for Social Development, held at Copenhagen from 6 to 12 March 1995, and the twenty‑fourth special session of the General Assembly entitled “World Summit for Social Development and beyond: achieving social development for all in a globalizing world”, held at Geneva from 26 June to 1 July 2000,", "Reaffirming that the Copenhagen Declaration on Social Development and the Programme of Action[1] and the further initiatives for social development adopted by the General Assembly at its twenty‑fourth special session,[2] as well as a continued global dialogue on social development issues, constitute the basic framework for the promotion of social development for all at the national and international levels,", "Recalling the United Nations Millennium Declaration[3] and the development goals contained therein, as well as the commitments made at major United Nations summits, conferences and special sessions, including the commitments made at the 2005 World Summit[4] and at the High‑level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals,[5]", "Recalling also its resolution 57/270 B of 23 June 2003 on the integrated and coordinated implementation of and follow‑up to the outcomes of the major United Nations conferences and summits in the economic and social fields,", "Recalling further its resolution 60/209 of 22 December 2005 on the implementation of the first United Nations Decade for the Eradication of Poverty (1997–2006),", "Recalling its resolution 63/303 of 9 July 2009 on the Outcome of the Conference on the World Financial and Economic Crisis and Its Impact on Development,", "Reaffirming Economic and Social Council resolution 2008/18 of 24 July 2008 on promoting full employment and decent work for all and Council resolution 2010/12 of 22 July 2010 on promoting social integration, and welcoming the decision of the Commission for Social Development to have “Poverty eradication” as the priority theme for the 2011–2012 review and policy cycle,", "Noting with appreciation the ministerial declaration adopted at the high‑level segment of the substantive session of 2006 of the Economic and Social Council, entitled “Creating an environment at the national and international levels conducive to generating full and productive employment and decent work for all, and its impact on sustainable development”,[6]", "Noting that the decent work agenda of the International Labour Organization, with its four strategic objectives, has an important role to play in achieving the objective of full and productive employment and decent work for all, including its objective of social protection, as reaffirmed in the International Labour Organization Declaration on Social Justice for a Fair Globalization,[7] in which the particular role of the Organization in promoting fair globalization and its responsibility to assist its members in their efforts were acknowledged, as well as in the Global Jobs Pact,", "Emphasizing the need to enhance the role of the Commission for Social Development in the follow‑up to and review of the World Summit for Social Development and the outcome of the twenty‑fourth special session of the General Assembly,", "Recognizing that the three core themes of social development, namely, poverty eradication, full and productive employment and decent work for all and social integration are interrelated and mutually reinforcing, and that an enabling environment therefore needs to be created so that all three objectives can be pursued simultaneously,", "Recognizing also that a people‑centred approach must be at the centre of economic and social development,", "Expressing deep concern that attainment of the social development objectives is being hindered by the ongoing adverse impact of the world financial and economic crisis, volatile energy and food prices and the challenges posed by climate change,", "Recognizing the complex character of the current global food crisis and ongoing food insecurity, including food price volatility, as a combination of several major factors, both structural and conjunctural, which is also negatively affected by, inter alia, environmental degradation, drought and desertification, global climate change, natural disasters and the lack of the necessary technology, and recognizing also that a strong commitment from national Governments and the international community as a whole is required to confront the major threats to food security and to ensure that policies in the area of agriculture do not distort trade and worsen the food crisis,", "Deeply concerned that extreme poverty persists in all countries of the world, regardless of their economic, social and cultural situation, and that its extent and its manifestations, such as hunger, trafficking in human beings, disease, lack of adequate shelter and illiteracy, are particularly severe in developing countries, while acknowledging the significant progress made in several parts of the world in combating extreme poverty,", "Recognizing the importance of the international community in supporting national capacity‑building efforts in the area of social development, while recognizing the primary responsibility of national Governments in this regard,", "Affirming its strong support for fair globalization and the need to translate growth into eradication of poverty and commitment to strategies and policies that aim to promote full, freely chosen and productive employment and decent work for all and that these should constitute a fundamental component of relevant national and international policies as well as national development strategies, including poverty reduction strategies, and reaffirming that employment creation and decent work should be incorporated into macroeconomic policies, taking fully into account the impact and social dimension of globalization, the benefits and costs of which are often unevenly shared and distributed,", "Recognizing the need to enhance access to the benefits of trade, including agricultural trade, for developing countries in order to foster social development,", "Recognizing also that social inclusion is a means for achieving social integration and is crucial for fostering stable, safe, harmonious, peaceful and just societies and for improving social cohesion so as to create an environment for development and progress,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary‑General;[8]", "2. Welcomes the reaffirmation by Governments of their will and commitment to continue implementing the Copenhagen Declaration on Social Development and the Programme of Action,¹ in particular to eradicate poverty, promote full and productive employment and foster social integration to achieve stable, safe and just societies for all;", "3. Recognizes that the implementation of the Copenhagen commitments and the attainment of the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, are mutually reinforcing and that the Copenhagen commitments are crucial to a coherent people‑centred approach to development;", "4. Reaffirms that the Commission for Social Development continues to have the primary responsibility for the follow‑up to and review of the World Summit for Social Development and the outcome of the twenty‑fourth special session of the General Assembly and that it serves as the main United Nations forum for an intensified global dialogue on social development issues, and calls upon Member States, the relevant specialized agencies, funds and programmes of the United Nations system and civil society to enhance their support for its work;", "5. Expresses deep concern that the ongoing adverse impact of the world financial and economic crisis, volatile energy and food prices and food insecurity and the challenges posed by climate change, as well as the lack of results so far in the multilateral trade negotiations, have negative implications for social development;", "6. Stresses the importance of the policy space of national Governments, in particular in the areas of social expenditure and social protection programmes, and calls upon international financial institutions and donors to support developing countries in achieving their social development, in line with their national priorities and strategies by, among other things, providing debt relief;", "7. Recognizes that the broad concept of social development affirmed by the World Summit for Social Development and the twenty‑fourth special session of the General Assembly has not been fully implemented in national and international policymaking and, although poverty eradication is a central part of development policy and discourse, further attention should be given to the other commitments agreed to at the Summit, in particular those concerning employment and social integration, which have also suffered from a general disconnect between economic and social policymaking;", "8. Acknowledges that the first United Nations Decade for the Eradication of Poverty (1997–2006), launched after the World Summit for Social Development, has provided the long‑term vision for sustained and concerted efforts at the national and international levels to eradicate poverty;", "9. Recognizes that the implementation of the commitments made by Governments during the first Decade has fallen short of expectations, and welcomes the proclamation of the Second United Nations Decade for the Eradication of Poverty (2008–2017) by the General Assembly in its resolution 62/205 of 19 December 2007 in order to support, in an efficient and coordinated manner, the internationally agreed development goals related to poverty eradication, including the Millennium Development Goals;", "10. Emphasizes that the major United Nations conferences and summits, including the Millennium Summit, the 2005 World Summit, the High‑level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals and the International Conference on Financing for Development, in its Monterrey Consensus,[9] have reinforced the priority and urgency of poverty eradication within the United Nations development agenda;", "11. Also emphasizes that poverty eradication policies should attack poverty by addressing its root and structural causes and manifestations, and that equity and the reduction of inequalities need to be incorporated in those policies;", "12. Reaffirms that each country has the primary responsibility for its own economic and social development and that the role of national policies and development strategies cannot be overemphasized, and underlines the importance of adopting effective measures, including new financial mechanisms, as appropriate, to support the efforts of developing countries to achieve sustained economic growth, sustainable development, poverty eradication and the strengthening of their democratic systems;", "13. Stresses that an enabling environment is a critical precondition for achieving equity and social development and that, while economic growth is essential, entrenched inequality and marginalization are an obstacle to the broad‑based and sustained growth required for sustainable, inclusive and people‑centred development, and recognizes the need to balance and ensure complementarity between measures to achieve growth and measures to achieve economic and social equity in order for there to be an impact on overall poverty levels;", "14. Also stresses that stability in global financial systems and corporate social responsibility and accountability, as well as national economic policies that have an impact on other stakeholders, are essential in creating an enabling international environment to promote economic growth and social development;", "15. Recognizes the need to promote respect for all human rights and fundamental freedoms in order to address the most pressing social needs of people living in poverty, including through the design and development of appropriate mechanisms to strengthen and consolidate democratic institutions and governance;", "16. Reaffirms the commitment to gender equality and the empowerment of women, as well as to the mainstreaming of a gender perspective into all development efforts, recognizing that these are critical for achieving sustainable development and for efforts to combat hunger, poverty and disease and to strengthen policies and programmes that improve, ensure and broaden the full participation of women in all spheres of political, economic, social and cultural life, as equal partners, and to improve their access to all resources needed for the full exercise of all their human rights and fundamental freedoms by removing persistent barriers, including ensuring equal access to full and productive employment and decent work, as well as strengthening their economic independence;", "17. Encourages Governments to promote effective participation of people in civic, social, economic and political activities, as well as in the planning and implementation of social integration policies and strategies, in order to better achieve the goals of poverty eradication, full employment and decent work and social integration;", "18. Reaffirms the commitment to promote opportunities for full, freely chosen and productive employment, including for the most disadvantaged, as well as decent work for all, in order to deliver social justice combined with economic efficiency, with full respect for fundamental principles and rights at work under conditions of equity, equality, security and dignity, and further reaffirms that macroeconomic policies should, inter alia, support employment creation, taking fully into account the social impact and dimension of globalization;", "19. Also reaffirms that there is an urgent need to create an environment at the national and international levels that is conducive to the attainment of full and productive employment and decent work for all as a foundation for sustainable development and that an environment that supports investment, growth and entrepreneurship is essential to the creation of new job opportunities, and further reaffirms that opportunities for men and women to obtain productive work in conditions of freedom, equity, security and human dignity are essential to ensuring the eradication of hunger and poverty, the improvement of economic and social well‑being for all, the achievement of sustained economic growth and sustainable development of all nations and a fully inclusive and equitable globalization;", "20. Stresses the importance of removing obstacles to the realization of the right of peoples to self‑determination, in particular of peoples living under colonial or other forms of alien domination or foreign occupation, which adversely affect their social and economic development, including their exclusion from labour markets;", "21. Reaffirms the need to address all forms of violence in its many manifestations, including domestic violence, particularly against women, children, older persons and persons with disabilities, and discrimination, including xenophobia, recognizes that violence increases challenges to States and societies in the achievement of poverty eradication, full and productive employment and decent work for all and social integration, and further recognizes that terrorism, trafficking in arms, organized crime, trafficking in persons, money‑laundering, ethnic and religious conflict, civil war, politically motivated killing and genocide present fundamental threats to societies and pose increasing challenges to States and societies in the attainment of conditions conducive to social development, and that they further present urgent and compelling reasons for action by Governments individually and, as appropriate, jointly to foster social cohesion while recognizing, protecting and valuing diversity;", "22. Requests the United Nations funds, programmes and agencies to mainstream the goal of full and productive employment and decent work for all in their policies, programmes and activities, as well as to support efforts of Member States aimed at achieving this objective, and invites financial institutions to support efforts in this regard;", "23. Recognizes that promoting full employment and decent work also requires investing in education, training and skills development for women and men, and girls and boys, strengthening social protection and health systems and applying international labour standards;", "24. Also recognizes that full and productive employment and decent work for all, which encompass social protection, fundamental principles and rights at work, tripartism and social dialogue, are key elements of sustainable development for all countries and are therefore a priority objective of international cooperation;", "25. Encourages States to design and implement policies and strategies for poverty eradication, full employment and decent work for all, including the creation of full and productive employment that is appropriately and adequately remunerated, as well as policies and strategies for social integration that promote gender equality and the empowerment of women and address the specific needs of social groups such as young people, persons with disabilities, older persons, migrants and indigenous peoples, taking into account the concerns of these groups in the planning, implementation and evaluation of development programmes and policies;", "26. Stresses the need to allocate adequate resources for the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women in the workplace, including unequal access to labour market participation and wage inequalities, as well as reconciliation of work and private life for both women and men;", "27. Acknowledges the important nexus between international migration and social development, and stresses the importance of enforcing labour law effectively with regard to migrant workers’ labour relations and working conditions, inter alia, those related to their remuneration and conditions of health, safety at work and the right to freedom of association;", "28. Recognizes that, since the convening of the World Summit for Social Development in Copenhagen in 1995, advances have been made in addressing and promoting social integration, including through the adoption of the Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing, 2002,[10] the World Programme of Action for Youth,[11] the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities,[12] the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples[13] and the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action;[14]", "29. Stresses that the benefits of economic growth should be distributed more equitably and that, in order to close the gap of inequality and avoid any further deepening of inequality, comprehensive social policies and programmes, including appropriate social transfer and job creation programmes and social protection systems, are needed;", "30. Recognizes the importance of providing social protection schemes for the formal and informal economy as instruments to achieve equity, inclusion and stability and cohesion of societies, and emphasizes the importance of supporting national efforts aimed at bringing informal workers into the formal economy;", "31. Stresses that poverty eradication policies should, inter alia, ensure that people living in poverty have access to education, health, water and sanitation and other public and social services, as well as access to productive resources, including credit, land, training, technology, knowledge and information, and ensure that citizens and local communities participate in decision‑making on social development policies and programmes in this regard;", "32. Recognizes that the social integration of people living in poverty should encompass addressing and meeting their basic human needs, including nutrition, health, water, sanitation, housing and access to education and employment, through integrated development strategies;", "33. Reaffirms that social integration policies should seek to reduce inequalities, promote access to basic social services, education for all and health care, eliminate discrimination, increase the participation and integration of social groups, particularly young people, older persons and persons with disabilities, and address the challenges posed by globalization and market‑driven reforms to social development in order for all people in all countries to benefit from globalization;", "34. Urges Governments, with the cooperation of relevant entities, to develop systems of social protection and to extend or broaden, as appropriate, their effectiveness and coverage, including for workers in the informal economy, recognizing the need for social protection systems to provide social security and support labour‑market participation, invites the International Labour Organization to strengthen its social protection strategies and policies on extending social security coverage, and urges Governments, while taking account of national circumstances, to focus on the needs of those living in, or vulnerable to, poverty and give particular consideration to universal access to basic social security systems, recognizing that social protection floors can provide a systemic base to address poverty and vulnerability;", "35. Requests the United Nations system to continue to support national efforts of Member States to achieve inclusive social development in a coherent and coordinated manner;", "36. Reaffirms the commitment to promote the rights of indigenous peoples in the areas of education, employment, housing, sanitation, health and social security, and notes the attention paid to those areas in the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples;", "37. Recognizes the need to formulate social development policies in an integral, articulated and participative manner, recognizing poverty as a multidimensional phenomenon, calls for interlinked public policies on this matter, and underlines the need for public policies to be included in a comprehensive development and well‑being strategy;", "38. Acknowledges the role that the public sector can play as an employer and its importance in developing an environment that enables the effective generation of full and productive employment and decent work for all;", "39. Also acknowledges the vital role that the private sector can play in generating new investments, employment and financing for development and in advancing efforts towards full employment and decent work;", "40. Recognizes that steps should be taken to anticipate and offset the negative social and economic consequences of globalization, giving priority to agricultural and non‑farm sectors, and to maximize its benefits for poor people living and working in rural areas, while paying special attention to the development of microenterprises and small and medium‑sized enterprises, particularly in rural areas, as well as subsistence economies, to secure their safe interaction with larger economies;", "41. Also recognizes the need to pay necessary attention to the social development of people in urban areas, especially the urban poor;", "42. Further recognizes the need to give priority to investing in and further contributing to sustainable agricultural development and microenterprises, small and medium‑sized enterprises and entrepreneurship cooperatives and other forms of social enterprises and the participation and entrepreneurship of women as means to promote full and productive employment and decent work for all;", "43. Reaffirms the commitments made in respect of meeting the special needs of Africa at the 2005 World Summit,[15] underlines the call of the Economic and Social Council for enhanced coordination within the United Nations system and the ongoing efforts to harmonize the current initiatives on Africa, and requests the Commission for Social Development to continue to give due prominence in its work to the social dimensions of the New Partnership for Africa’s Development;[16]", "44. Also reaffirms, in this context, that international cooperation has an essential role in assisting developing countries, including the least developed countries, in strengthening their human, institutional and technological capacity;", "45. Stresses that the international community shall enhance its efforts to create an enabling environment for social development and poverty eradication through increasing market access for developing countries, technology transfer on mutually agreed terms, financial aid and a comprehensive solution to the external debt problem;", "46. Also stresses that international trade and stable financial systems can be effective tools to create favourable conditions for the development of all countries and that trade barriers and some trading practices continue to have negative effects on employment growth, particularly in developing countries;", "47. Acknowledges that good governance and the rule of law at the national and international levels are essential for sustained economic growth, sustainable development and the eradication of poverty and hunger;", "48. Urges developed countries that have not yet done so in accordance with their commitments to make concrete efforts towards meeting the targets of 0.7 per cent of their gross national product for official development assistance to developing countries and 0.15 to 0.2 per cent of their gross national product to least developed countries, and encourages developing countries to build on the progress achieved in ensuring that official development assistance is used effectively to help to meet development goals and targets;", "49. Urges Member States and the international community to fulfil all their commitments to meet the demands for social development, including social services and assistance, that have arisen from the global financial and economic crisis, which particularly affects the poorest and most vulnerable;", "50. Welcomes the contribution to the mobilization of resources for social development by the initiatives taken on a voluntary basis by groups of Member States based on innovative financing mechanisms, including those that aim to provide further drug access at affordable prices to developing countries on a sustainable and predictable basis, such as the International Drug Purchase Facility, UNITAID, as well as other initiatives such as the International Finance Facility for Immunization and the Advance Market Commitments for Vaccines, and notes the New York Declaration of 20 September 2004, which launched the Action against Hunger and Poverty initiative and called for further attention to raise funds urgently needed to help to meet the Millennium Development Goals and to complement and ensure the long‑term stability and predictability of foreign aid;", "51. Reaffirms that social development requires the active involvement of all actors in the development process, including civil society organizations, corporations and small businesses, and that partnerships among all relevant actors are increasingly becoming part of national and international cooperation for social development, and also reaffirms that, within countries, partnerships among the Government, civil society and the private sector can contribute effectively to the achievement of social development goals;", "52. Underlines the responsibility of the private sector, at both the national and the international levels, including small and large companies and transnational corporations, regarding not only the economic and financial implications but also the development, social, gender and environmental implications of their activities, their obligations towards their workers and their contributions to achieving sustainable development, including social development, and emphasizes the need to take concrete actions on corporate responsibility and accountability, including through the participation of all relevant stakeholders, inter alia, for the prevention or prosecution of corruption;", "53. Stresses the importance of promoting corporate social responsibility and accountability, encourages responsible business practices, such as those promoted by the Global Compact, invites the private sector to take into account not only the economic and financial implications but also the development, social, human rights, gender and environmental implications of its undertakings, and underlines the importance of the International Labour Organization Tripartite Declaration of Principles concerning Multinational Enterprises and Social Policy;", "54. Invites the Secretary‑General, the Economic and Social Council, the regional commissions, the relevant specialized agencies, funds and programmes of the United Nations system and other intergovernmental forums, within their respective mandates, to continue to integrate into their work programmes and give priority attention to the Copenhagen commitments and the Declaration on the tenth anniversary of the World Summit for Social Development,[17] to continue to be actively involved in their follow‑up and to monitor the achievement of those commitments and undertakings;", "55. Invites the Commission for Social Development to emphasize in its review of the implementation of the Copenhagen Declaration on Social Development and the Programme of Action the increased exchange of national, regional and international experiences, the focused and interactive dialogues among experts and practitioners and the sharing of best practices and lessons learned, and to address, inter alia, the impact of the world financial and economic crisis and the world food and energy crises on social development goals;", "56. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty‑seventh session the sub‑item entitled “Implementation of the outcome of the World Summit for Social Development and of the twenty‑fourth special session of the General Assembly”, and requests the Secretary‑General to submit a report on the question to the Assembly at that session.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  Report of the World Summit for Social Development, Copenhagen, 6–12 March 1995 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.96.IV.8), chap. I, resolution 1, annexes I and II.", "[2]  Resolution S‑24/2, annex.", "[3]  See resolution 55/2.", "[4]  See resolution 60/1.", "[5]  See resolution 65/1.", "[6]  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty‑first Session, Supplement No. 3 (A/61/3/Rev.1), chap. III, para. 50.", "[7]  A/63/538‑E/2009/4, annex.", "[8]  A/66/124.", "[9]  Report of the International Conference on Financing for Development, Monterrey, Mexico, 18–22 March 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.02.II.A.7), chap. I, resolution 1, annex.", "[10]  Report of the Second World Assembly on Ageing, Madrid, 8–12 April 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.02.IV.4), chap. I, resolution 1, annex II.", "[11]  Resolution 50/81, annex, and resolution 62/126, annex.", "[12]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2515, No. 44910.", "[13]  Resolution 61/295, annex.", "[14]  Report of the Fourth World Conference on Women, Beijing, 4–15 September 1995 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.96.IV.13), chap. I, resolution 1, annexes I and II.", "[15]  See resolution 60/1, para. 68.", "[16]  A/57/304, annex.", "[17]  See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 2005, Supplement No. 6 (E/2005/26), chap. I, sect. A; see also Economic and Social Council decision 2005/234." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/64/454 (Part II)]", "Implementation of the outcome of the World Summit for Social Development and the twenty-fourth special session of the General Assembly", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling the twenty-fourth special session of the General Assembly entitled “World Summit for Social Development and beyond: achieving social development for all in a globalizing world”, held in Copenhagen from 6 to 12 March 1995, and the twenty-fourth special session of the General Assembly, held in Geneva from 26 June to 1 July 2000,", "Reaffirming that the Copenhagen Declaration and Programme of Action on Social Development, the further initiatives on social development adopted by the General Assembly at its twenty-fourth special session [2] and the continuing dialogue on global social development are the basic framework for promoting social development for all at the national and international levels,", "Recalling the United Nations Millennium Declaration [3] and its development goals, as well as the commitments made at the major United Nations summits, conferences and special sessions, including the 2005 World Summit [4] and the commitments made by the General Assembly at its high-level plenary meeting on the Millennium Development Goals,", "Recalling also General Assembly resolution 57/270 B of 23 June 2003 on the integrated and coordinated implementation of and follow-up to the outcomes of the major United Nations conferences and summits in the economic and social fields,", "Recalling further its resolution 60/209 of 22 December 2005 on the implementation of the first United Nations Decade for the Eradication of Poverty (1997-2006),", "Recalling its resolution 63/303 of 9 July 2009 on the outcome of the Conference on the World Financial and Economic Crisis and Its Impact on Development,", "Reaffirming Economic and Social Council resolutions 2008/18 of 24 July 2008 on the promotion of full employment and decent work for all and its resolution 2010/12 of 22 July 2010 on the promotion of social integration, and welcoming the decision of the Commission for Social Development to place “the eradication of poverty” as a priority theme for the 2011-2012 review and policy cycle,", "Taking note with appreciation of the ministerial declaration adopted by the high-level segment of the substantive session of 2006 of the Economic and Social Council entitled “Establishing an environment conducive to the creation of adequate, productive employment and decent work for all and their impact on sustainable development at the national and international levels”, [6]", "Taking note of the International Labour Organization Declaration on Social Justice for Fair Globalization [7], which recognizes the special role of ILO in promoting fair globalization and the responsibility of its members in assisting its members in their efforts, - As reaffirmed in the Global Jobs Pact, the ILO decent work agenda and its four strategic objectives can play an important role in promoting the goal of full, productive and productive employment and decent work for all, including its social protection objectives,", "Emphasizing the need to strengthen the role of the Commission for Social Development in the follow-up and review of the outcomes of the World Summit for Social Development and the twenty-fourth special session of the General Assembly,", "Recognizing that the three core themes of poverty eradication, full and productive employment and decent work for all and social integration are interlinked and mutually reinforcing, and that it is therefore necessary to create an enabling environment for the simultaneous pursuit of all three goals,", "Recognizing also that people must be at the centre of economic and social development,", "Expressing deep concern at the continuing adverse consequences of the world financial and economic crisis, the repeated and unwarranted energy and food prices and the challenges posed by climate change, which are hampering the achievement of the goals of social development,", "Recognizing the complex nature of a number of major structural and integrated factors leading to the current global food crisis and sustained food insecurity, including the precarious food prices, which are also adversely affected by, inter alia, environmental degradation, drought and desertification, global climate change, natural disasters and the lack of the necessary technology, and recognizing the need for strong commitment from Governments and the international community as a whole to address the major threats to food security and to ensure that policies in the field of agriculture do not distort trade and do not exacerbate the food crisis,", "Deeply concerned at the persistence of extreme poverty in all countries of the world, irrespective of economic, social and cultural conditions, and at the level of extreme poverty and its manifestations, such as hunger, trafficking in persons, diseases, lack of adequate housing and illiteracy, in particular in developing countries, and recognizing that significant progress has been made in the elimination of extreme poverty in some parts of the world,", "Recognizing the importance of international support for national capacity-building efforts in the area of social development, and recognizing the primary responsibility of Governments in this regard,", "Affirming its strong support for equitable globalization and the need to translate growth into poverty eradication and to commit to pursuing strategies and policies aimed at promoting full, free choice of productive employment and decent work for all, which should be an essential component of relevant national policies and international policies, as well as national development strategies, including poverty reduction strategies, and reaffirming that the content of job creation and decent work should be incorporated into macroeconomic policies, taking fully into account the impact of globalization and the social dimensions, and that the sharing and cost of benefits of globalization are often uneven,", "Recognizing the need to enhance opportunities for developing countries to benefit from trade, including from agricultural trade, in order to promote social development,", "Recognizing also that social inclusion is a means of achieving social integration and is essential for promoting a stable, safe, harmonious, peaceful and just society and for strengthening social cohesion to create an environment conducive to development and progress,", "Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General; [8]", "Welcomes the renewed commitment and commitment of Governments to continue to implement the Copenhagen Declaration and Programme of Action on Social Development,1 in particular the eradication of poverty, the promotion of full, productive employment and the promotion of social integration in order to build a stable, safe and just society for all;", "Recognizes that the implementation of Copenhagen commitments and the achievement of the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, are mutually reinforcing, and recognizes that the Copenhagen commitment is essential for coherence and a people-centred approach to development;", "Reaffirms the primary responsibility of the Commission for Social Development in the follow-up to and review of the outcomes of the World Summit for Social Development and the twenty-fourth special session of the General Assembly, and reiterates its primary forum for the United Nations global dialogue on social development, and calls upon Member States, relevant specialized agencies, funds and programmes of the United Nations system and civil society to strengthen their support for the work of the Commission;", "Expresses deep concern at the continuing adverse consequences of the world financial and economic crisis, the repeated and unwarranted energy and food prices, the food insecurity, the challenges posed by climate change and the negative impact of multilateral trade negotiations on social development;", "Stresses the importance of national policy space, in particular in the area of social spending and social protection programmes, and calls upon international financial institutions and donors to support developing countries in achieving social development in accordance with their national priorities and strategies, including through debt relief;", "Recognizes that the broad concept of social development, as affirmed by the World Summit for Social Development and the twenty-fourth special session of the General Assembly, has not been fully implemented in national and international decision-making processes, and that while poverty eradication is a core element of development policies and discussions, it should also focus further on other commitments agreed upon at the Summit, in particular those relating to employment and social integration, which have also been affected by the general desection of economic policymaking and social policymaking;", "Acknowledges the vision of the first United Nations Decade for the Eradication of Poverty (1997-2006) launched after the World Summit for Social Development for sustained and concerted efforts to eradicate poverty at the national and international levels;", "Recognizes that the implementation of the commitments made by Governments during the first decade is strong and welcomes the proclamation by the General Assembly in its resolution 62/205 of 19 December 2007 of the Second United Nations Decade for the Eradication of Poverty (2008-2017) in order to support the implementation of the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, in an efficient and coordinated manner;", "Emphasizes that major United Nations conferences and summits, including the Millennium Summit, the 2005 World Summit, the high-level plenary meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals, and that the International Conference on Financing for Development, in its Monterrey Consensus [9], underscores the priority and urgency of poverty eradication in the United Nations development agenda;", "Also emphasizes that poverty eradication policies should focus on addressing the root causes and structural causes and manifestations of poverty and that measures to integrate equity and reduce inequality are needed;", "Reaffirms that each country has the primary responsibility for its economic development and social development, and that the role of national policies and development strategies cannot be overemphasized, and stresses the importance of effective measures, including, where appropriate, the establishment of new financial mechanisms to support the efforts of developing countries to achieve sustained economic growth, sustainable development, poverty eradication and strengthening democratic institutions;", "Emphasizes that an enabling environment is an important prerequisite for achieving equitable and social development and that economic growth is inherently important, but that deep-rooted inequalities and marginalization hamper the achievement of broad and sustained growth required for sustainable, inclusive and people-centred development; recognizes the need for balance between measures to achieve growth and measures to achieve economic and social equity and ensure complementarity between them in order to have an impact on overall poverty;", "Also emphasizes that stability in the global financial system and corporate social responsibility and accountability, as well as national economic policies affecting other stakeholders are essential to creating an international environment conducive to economic growth and social development;", "Recognizes the need to promote respect for all human rights and fundamental freedoms in order to address the most urgent social needs of the poor by developing and developing appropriate mechanisms to strengthen and consolidate democratic institutions and governance;", "Reaffirms its commitment to achieving gender equality and the empowerment of women and mainstreaming a gender perspective in all development efforts, recognizes that it is essential for achieving sustainable development and is also essential to efforts to eliminate hunger, poverty and disease; strengthen policies and programmes to increase, ensure and expand the full participation of women as equal partners in all aspects of political, economic, social and cultural life; and to increase opportunities for women to fully exercise their human rights and fundamental freedoms by eliminating obstacles that persist in existence, including ensuring equal opportunities for full, productive employment and decent work, and to enhance their economic independence;", "Encourages Governments to promote the effective participation of the people in civil, social, economic and political activities and in the planning and implementation of social integration policies and strategies to better achieve the goals of poverty eradication, full employment and decent work and social integration;", "Reaffirms its commitment to promote full, free choice and productive employment opportunities, including the promotion of such opportunities for the most vulnerable and the promotion of decent work for all in order to provide social justice combining economic efficiency, with full respect for the fundamental principles and rights of work in conditions of equity, equality, security and dignity, and reiterates that macroeconomic policies should support, inter alia, employment creation, taking fully into account the social impact and social dimensions of globalization;", "Also reaffirms the importance of creating an environment conducive to the achievement of full, productive and productive employment and decent work for all at the national and international levels as a basis for achieving sustainable development, and that an environment conducive to investment, growth and entrepreneurship is essential for creating new jobs; and also reiterates the importance of opportunities for men and women to productive work in conditions free, fair, safe and dignified conditions to ensure the eradication of hunger and poverty, the improvement of the economic and social well-being of all, the achievement of sustained economic growth and sustainable development, inclusiveness and equitable globalization;", "Stresses the importance of removing obstacles to the realization of the right of peoples to self-determination, in particular the obstacles to the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination under colonial rule or other forms of foreign domination or foreign occupation, which adversely affect the social and economic development of those peoples, including their exclusion from the labour market;", "Reaffirms the need to eliminate all forms and manifestations of violence, including domestic violence, in particular against women, children, the elderly and persons with disabilities, as well as discrimination, including xenophobia, recognizing that violence increases the challenges faced by States and societies in achieving poverty eradication, full and productive employment and decent work for all and social integration, and recognizing that terrorism, trafficking in arms, organized crime, trafficking in persons, money-laundering, ethnic and religious conflicts, civil war, politically motivated killings and genocide pose increasing challenges for the establishment of conditions conducive to social development, as well as the challenges faced by Governments, individually and jointly, when appropriate, to recognize and respect the urgency of social cohesion;", "Requests the United Nations funds, programmes and agencies to mainstream the goal of full and productive employment and decent work for all in their policies, programmes and activities, and to support the efforts of Member States to achieve that goal, and invites financial institutions to support efforts in that regard;", "Recognizes that in order to promote full employment and decent work, investment in education, training and skills development for women and men, girls and boys, strengthening social protection and health systems and applying international labour standards is also needed;", "Also recognizes that full, productive employment and decent work for all include dimensions such as social protection, basic principles and rights in the workplace, tripartite consultations and social dialogue, which are key elements for achieving sustainable development in all countries, and therefore as a priority goal for international cooperation;", "Encourages States to develop and implement policies and strategies aimed at eradicating poverty, full employment and decent work for all, including the creation of adequate and productive employment with adequate and adequate compensation, as well as policies and strategies that promote gender equality and the empowerment of women and meet the specific needs of social groups such as young people, persons with disabilities, older persons, migrants and indigenous peoples, while taking into account the concerns of those groups in planning, implementing and evaluating development programmes and policies;", "Also emphasizes the need for adequate resources to eliminate all forms of discrimination against women in the workplace, including inequalities in labour market access and wage inequalities, and to help women and men to reconcile their work and private life;", "Acknowledges the important relationship between international migration and social development, and stresses the importance of effective implementation of the labour laws on labour relations and working conditions for migrant workers, including laws on remuneration, health conditions and workplace safety and the right to freedom of association;", "Acknowledges the significant progress made since the convening of the World Summit for Social Development in Copenhagen in the pursuit and promotion of social integration, including the adoption of the Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing, [10] the World Programme of Action for Youth, [11] the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, [12] the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. 13] and the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action; [14]", "Stresses the need for a more equitable distribution of the benefits of economic growth, in order to narrow inequalities and avoid further deepening inequality, and the need for comprehensive social policies and programmes, including appropriate social funding transfers and employment creation programmes and social security systems;", "Recognizes the importance of providing social protection schemes for the formal and informal sectors of the economy as a tool for achieving equity, inclusion and social stability and solidarity, and stresses the importance of supporting national efforts to integrate informal workers into the regular economy;", "Stresses that poverty eradication policies should, inter alia, ensure that people living in poverty have access to education, health, water and sanitation and other public and social services, and have access to productive resources, including credit, land, training, technology, knowledge and information, and ensure the participation of citizens and local communities in decision-making on social development policies and programmes in this regard;", "Recognizes that social integration should include addressing and meeting their basic human needs through integrated development strategies, including nutrition, health, water, sanitation, housing and education and employment opportunities for those living in poverty;", "Reaffirms that social integration policies should seek to reduce inequalities, increase access to basic social services, education and health services, eliminate discrimination, expand the participation and integration of social groups, in particular young people, older persons and persons with disabilities, and address the challenges posed by globalization and market-driven reforms to social development, and seek to benefit all people in all countries from globalization;", "Urges Governments to recognize the need for social protection systems to provide social security and support participation in the labour market, in cooperation with relevant entities, to establish social protection systems, to promote or expand their benefits and coverage, as appropriate, to include informal sector workers; invites the International Labour Organization to strengthen its social protection strategies and policies on expanding coverage of social security; and urges Governments, in accordance with their national circumstances, to focus on the needs of the poor or vulnerable to the poor, with particular emphasis on the universality of the basic social security system, while recognizing that the most basic social protection can provide a basis for poverty eradication and vulnerability;", "Requests the United Nations system to continue to support Member States in their efforts at the national level in a coherent and coordinated manner to achieve inclusive social development;", "Reaffirms its commitment to promoting the rights of indigenous peoples in the areas of education, employment, housing, health, health and social security, and notes the attention given to these areas by the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples;", "Recognizes the need for the development of social development policies in an integrated, clear and participatory manner, while recognizing that poverty is a multidimensional phenomenon, calls for the development of mutually reinforcing public policies on this issue, and stresses that integrated development and welfare strategies should include public policies;", "Acknowledges the role that the public sector can play as an employer and its importance in establishing an environment conducive to the effective creation of full and productive employment and decent work for all;", "Also recognizes that the private sector can play an important role in driving new investments, employment and development financing and in promoting efforts to achieve full employment and decent work;", "Recognizes that steps should be taken to eliminate the negative social and economic impacts of globalization, prioritize the agricultural and non-agricultural sectors and maximize the benefits of globalization for the poor in rural areas, with special attention to the development of micro-enterprises and small- and medium-sized enterprises, in particular in rural areas, as well as the economic development of livelihoods, in order to ensure their safe interaction with the large economic sectors;", "Also recognizes the need for the necessary attention to the social development of the urban population, in particular the urban poor;", "Further recognizes the need to prioritize investments in and further promote sustainable agricultural development, micro-enterprise, small and medium-sized enterprises and other forms of social enterprises and women's participation and entrepreneurship as a means to promote full, productive employment and decent work for all;", "Reaffirms the commitment made at the 2005 World Summit to meet the special needs of Africa, and [15] stresses the appeal of the Economic and Social Council for strengthening coordination within the United Nations system, as well as the ongoing work to coordinate existing African initiatives, and requests the Commission for Social Development to continue to give due attention in its work to the social dimension of the New Partnership for Africa's Development [16];", "Also reaffirms that international cooperation in this regard can play an important role in helping developing countries, including the least developed countries, to enhance their human, institutional and technical capacities;", "Emphasizes that the international community should intensify its efforts to create an environment conducive to social development and poverty eradication through the further opening of markets to developing countries, the transfer of technology, the provision of financial assistance and the integrated resolution of external debt issues, in accordance with mutually agreed conditions;", "Also emphasizes that the financial system of international trade and stability can be an effective tool to create favourable conditions for the development of all countries, and stresses that trade barriers and certain trade practices continue to have a negative impact on employment growth, especially in developing countries;", "Acknowledges that good governance and the rule of law at the national and international levels are essential for sustained economic growth, sustainable development and poverty eradication and hunger;", "Urges developed countries that have not yet done so to make effective efforts to reach 0.7 per cent of gross national product for official development assistance to developing countries, to reach 0.15 to 0.2 per cent of gross national product for official development assistance to least developed countries, and encourages developing countries to build on the progress achieved, and to ensure that ODA is effectively utilized to help achieve development goals and targets;", "Urges Member States and the international community to honour all commitments to meet the needs for social development arising from the global financial and economic crisis, particularly affecting the poorest and the most vulnerable, including social services and social assistance;", "Welcomes voluntary initiatives undertaken by a number of Member States on the basis of innovative financing mechanisms to promote resource mobilization for social development, including international drug procurement mechanisms aimed at sustainable and predictable supply of drugs to developing countries at affordable prices, as well as other initiatives such as the International Finance Facility for Immunization and the advance market commitment to vaccines; and notes the New York Declaration of 20 September 2004, which sets out initiatives for action to combat hunger and poverty, and calls upon all parties to pay further attention to the urgent need for financing to help achieve the Millennium Development Goals, complement external assistance and ensure long-term stability and predictability of external assistance;", "Reaffirms that social development requires the active participation of all actors, including civil society organizations, companies and small enterprises, in the development process, and that partnerships among all relevant actors are becoming increasingly part of national and international social development cooperation, and reiterates that partnerships between Governments, civil society and the private sector can effectively contribute to the achievement of social development goals in all countries;", "Stresses that the private sector at the national and international levels, including small businesses and transnational corporations, should not only be responsible for the economic and financial aspects of their activities, but also be responsible for the development, social, gender and environmental aspects of their activities, undertake obligations to their employees and contribute to the achievement of sustainable development, including social development, and stresses the need for concrete action on corporate responsibility and accountability, including through the participation of all stakeholders, to prevent or prosecute corruption;", "Stresses the importance of strengthening corporate social responsibility and accountability, and encourages responsible business practices, such as those advocated by the Global Compact, to invite the private sector to consider both the economic and financial implications of its operational activities and the implications of its operational activities for development, society, human rights, gender equality and the environment, and stresses the importance of the International Labour Organization Tripartite Declaration on Multinational Enterprise and Social Policy;", "Invites the Secretary-General, the Economic and Social Council, the regional commissions, relevant specialized agencies, funds and programmes of the United Nations system and other intergovernmental forums, within their respective mandates, to continue to integrate and give priority to the Copenhagen commitments and the Declaration on the tenth anniversary of the World Summit for Social Development [17] in their respective programmes of work, to continue to actively participate in these commitments and in the follow-up to the Declaration and to monitor the implementation of those commitments and pledges;", "Invites the Commission for Social Development, in reviewing the implementation of the Copenhagen Declaration and Programme of Action on Social Development, to focus on strengthening national, regional and international experience-sharing, through a focused interactive dialogue among experts and practitioners, sharing best practices and lessons learned, and to address, inter alia, the impact of the world financial and economic crisis and the world food and energy crises on social development goals;", "Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its sixty-seventh session the sub-item entitled “Implementation of the outcome of the World Summit for Social Development and the twenty-fourth special session of the General Assembly”, and requests the Secretary-General to submit a report on the matter to the Assembly at that session.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "Report of the World Summit for Social Development, Copenhagen, 6-12 March 1995 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.96.IV.8), chap. I, resolution 1, annexes I and II.", "[2] S-24/2, annex.", "[3] See resolution 55/2.", "[4] See resolution 60/1.", "[5] See resolution 63/2.", "See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-first Session, Supplement No. 3 (A/61/3/Rev.1), chap. III, para.", "[7] A/63/538-E/2009/4, annex.", "[8] A/64/224.", "[9] Report of the International Conference on Financing for Development, Monterrey, Mexico, 18-22 March 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.02.II.A.7), chap. I, resolution 1, annex.", "[10] Report of the Second World Assembly on Ageing, Madrid, 8-12 April 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.02.IV.4), chap. I, resolution 1, annex II.", "[11] Resolution 5081, annex; resolution 62/126, annex.", "[12] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2515, No. 44910.", "[13] Resolution 61/295, annex.", "[14] Report of the Fourth World Conference on Women, Beijing, 4-15 September 1995 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.96.IV.13), chap. I, resolution 1, annexes I and II.", "[15] See resolution 60/1, para.", "[16] A/57/304, annex.", "See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 2005, Supplement No. 6 (E/2005/26), chap. I, sect. A; see also Economic and Social Council decision 2005/234." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/454(Part II))通过]", "66/126. 筹备和庆祝国际家庭年二十周年", "大会，", "回顾其关于宣布国际家庭年和国际年十周年筹备、庆祝和后续行动的1989年12月8日第44/82号、1995年12月21日第50/142号、1997年12月12日第52/81号、1999年12月17日第54/124号、2001年12月19日第56/113号、2002年12月18日第57/164号、2003年12月3日第58/15号、2004年12月6日第59/111号、2004年12月20日第59/147号、2005年12月16日第60/133号、2007年12月18日第62/129号和2009年12月18日第64/133号决议，", "注意到大会分别在其第59/111号决议第5段和第59/147号决议第2段中着重指出，必须实现国际年的目标并拟订具体措施和办法以处理国家在家庭领域的优先事项，", "又注意到设计、执行和监测面向家庭的政策的重要性，特别是在消除贫穷、充分就业和体面工作、工作与家庭的平衡、社会融合和代际团结方面的重要性，", "认识到在2014年筹备和庆祝国际年二十周年可以提供一次有益的机会，提请人们进一步注意国际年的目标，即加强所有各级在家庭问题上的合作以及采取协调一致行动强化以家庭为中心的政策与方案，作为统筹、综合发展方针的一部分，", "意识到国际年的一大目标是处理如何加强国家机构制定、执行和监督家庭政策的能力这一重大关切，", "指出1990年代联合国各次主要会议和首脑会议成果中与家庭有关的条文及其后续落实进程继续在政策上提供指导，指明应如何加强政策与方案中以家庭为中心的要素，作为统筹、全面发展方针的一部分，", "深信有必要确保在2004年国际年十周年之后继续采取务实的后续行动，", "确认联合国机构、专门机构和区域委员会对于确保在家庭领域开展务实的后续行动具有重要的推动作用和支持作用，包括积极促进加强各国制定家庭问题政策的能力，", "认识到有必要继续在家庭问题上开展机构间合作，以便在联合国系统各理事机构中加强对这一主题的认识，", "深信民间社会，包括研究机构和学术机构，可在家庭政策制订和能力建设方面发挥关键的宣传、推动、研究和决策作用，", "注意到大会第59/111号决议中决定每十年举行一次国际年庆祝活动，", "赞赏地注意到秘书长的报告，[1]", "1. 鼓励各国政府继续竭尽全力实现国际家庭年的目标，并在国家决策中纳入家庭观点；", "2. 邀请各国政府和各区域政府间实体确保提供更有系统的关于家庭福祉的国家和区域数据，确定需制定哪些建设性的家庭问题政策，并确保为此提供支持，包括交流关于良好政策与做法的信息；", "3. 敦促会员国将2014年视作目标年份，据以做出具体努力，通过实施有效的国家政策、战略和方案来改善家庭福祉；", "4. 鼓励会员国采取综合办法制订政策与方案，以解决家庭贫穷、社会排斥及工作与家庭平衡等问题，并交流这些领域的良好作法；邀请会员国根据国际年各项目标，促使大众就面向家庭、对性别问题和儿童问题有敏感认识的社会保护政策进行公开辩论和协商；", "5. 又鼓励会员国推动实施各种政策与方案，在家庭和社区两级促进代际团结，并通过各种社会保护战略来降低年轻一代和老一代人的脆弱性；", "6． 敦促会员国创造有利环境以加强和支持所有家庭，同时确认男女平等以及尊重所有家庭成员的一切人权和基本自由对于家庭福祉和整个社会至关重要，指出必须兼顾工作与家庭生活，并确认双亲对养育子女负有共同责任的原则；", "7. 邀请各国政府继续制定战略与方案，以便加强国家能力，处理有关家庭问题的国家优先事项；鼓励联合国家庭方案在其任务范围内向各国政府提供此方面协助，包括提供技术援助以建立和发展国家在制定、执行和监督家庭政策方面的能力；", "8. 又邀请会员国考虑开展活动，在国家一级筹备国际年二十周年志庆；", "9. 鼓励各国政府向联合国家庭活动信托基金提供支助，以使秘书处经济和社会事务部能够应各国要求，扩大提供援助；", "10. 建议联合国各机构和机关、各政府间组织和非政府组织、各研究机构和学术机构以及私营部门在促进国际年各项目标方面发挥支持作用；", "11. 请秘书长通过社会发展委员会和经济及社会理事会，向大会第六十八届会议提交报告，说明本决议执行情况，包括介绍各级筹备庆祝国际年二十周年的情况；", "12. 决定在第六十七届会议题为“社会发展，包括与世界社会状况以及与青年、老龄、残疾人和家庭有关的问题”的分项目下审议“筹备和庆祝国际家庭年二十周年”的议题。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] A/66/62-E/2011/4。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/454 (Part II))]", "66/126. Preparations for and observance of the twentieth anniversary of the International Year of the Family", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 44/82 of 8 December 1989, 50/142 of 21 December 1995, 52/81 of 12 December 1997, 54/124 of 17 December 1999, 56/113 of 19 December 2001, 57/164 of 18 December 2002, 58/15 of 3 December 2003, 59/111 of 6 December 2004, 59/147 of 20 December 2004, 60/133 of 16 December 2005, 62/129 of 18 December 2007 and 64/133 of 18 December 2009, concerning the proclamation of the International Year of the Family and the preparations for, observance of and follow‑up to the tenth anniversary of the International Year,", "Noting that in paragraph 5 of its resolution 59/111 and paragraph 2 of its resolution 59/147, respectively, the General Assembly underlined the need to realize the objectives of the International Year and to develop concrete measures and approaches to address national priorities in dealing with family issues,", "Noting also the importance of designing, implementing and monitoring family‑oriented policies, especially in the areas of poverty eradication, full employment and decent work, work‑family balance, social integration and intergenerational solidarity,", "Recognizing that the preparations for and observance of the twentieth anniversary of the International Year in 2014 provide a useful opportunity to draw further attention to the objectives of the International Year for increasing cooperation at all levels on family issues and for undertaking concerted actions to strengthen family‑centred policies and programmes as part of an integrated comprehensive approach to development,", "Aware that a major objective of the International Year is to address the major concern of strengthening the capacity of national institutions to formulate, implement and monitor policies in respect of families,", "Noting that the family‑related provisions of the outcomes of the major United Nations conferences and summits of the 1990s and their follow‑up processes continue to provide policy guidance on ways to strengthen family‑centred components of policies and programmes as part of an integrated comprehensive approach to development,", "Convinced of the necessity of ensuring an action‑oriented follow‑up to the tenth anniversary of the International Year beyond 2004,", "Recognizing the important catalytic and supportive role of United Nations bodies, the specialized agencies and the regional commissions in ensuring an action‑oriented follow‑up in the field of the family, including their positive contribution to strengthening national capacities in family policymaking,", "Cognizant of the need for continued inter‑agency cooperation on family issues in order to generate greater awareness of this subject among the governing bodies of the United Nations system,", "Convinced that civil society, including research and academic institutions, has a pivotal role in advocacy, promotion, research and policymaking in respect of family policy development and capacity‑building,", "Noting that, in its resolution 59/111, the General Assembly decided to celebrate the anniversary of the International Year on a ten‑year basis,", "Taking note with appreciation of the report of the Secretary‑General,[1]", "1. Encourages Governments to continue to make every possible effort to realize the objectives of the International Year of the Family and to integrate a family perspective into national policymaking;", "2. Invites Governments and regional intergovernmental entities to provide for more systematic national and regional data on family well‑being and to identify and ensure support for constructive family policy developments, including the exchange of information on good policies and practices;", "3. Urges Member States to view 2014 as a target year by which concrete efforts will be made to improve family well‑being through the implementation of effective national policies, strategies and programmes;", "4. Encourages Member States to adopt holistic approaches to policies and programmes that address family poverty, social exclusion and work‑family balance and that share good practices in those areas, and invites Member States to stimulate public debate and consultations on family‑oriented and gender‑ and child‑sensitive social protection policies, in accordance with the objectives of the International Year;", "5. Also encourages Member States to promote policies and programmes supporting intergenerational solidarity at the family and community levels and geared to reducing the vulnerability of younger and older generations through various social protection strategies;", "6. Urges Member States to create a conducive environment to strengthen and support all families, recognizing that equality between women and men and respect for all the human rights and fundamental freedoms of all family members are essential to family well‑being and to society at large, noting the importance of reconciliation of work and family life and recognizing the principle that both parents have common responsibilities for the upbringing and development of the child;", "7. Invites Governments to continue to develop strategies and programmes aimed at strengthening national capacities to address national priorities relating to family issues, and encourages the United Nations Programme on the Family, within its mandate, to assist Governments in this regard, including through the provision of technical assistance to build and develop national capacities in the area of formulating, implementing and monitoring family policies;", "8. Invites Member States to consider undertaking activities in preparation for the twentieth anniversary of the International Year at the national level;", "9. Encourages Governments to support the United Nations Trust Fund on Family Activities to enable the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the Secretariat to provide expanded assistance to countries, upon their request;", "10. Recommends that United Nations agencies and bodies, intergovernmental and non‑governmental organizations, research and academic institutions and the private sector play a supportive role in promoting the objectives of the International Year;", "11. Requests the Secretary‑General to submit a report to the General Assembly at its sixty‑eighth session, through the Commission for Social Development and the Economic and Social Council, on the implementation of the present resolution, including a description of the state of preparation for the observance of the twentieth anniversary of the International Year at all levels;", "12. Decides to consider the topic “Preparations for and observance of the twentieth anniversary of the International Year of the Family” at its sixty‑seventh session under the sub‑item entitled “Social development, including questions relating to the world social situation and to youth, ageing, disabled persons and the family”.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  A/66/62‑E/2011/4." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/64/454 (Part II)]", "Preparation and celebration of the twentieth anniversary of the International Year of the Family", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 44/82 of 8 December 1989 on the declaration of the International Year of the Family and the follow-up to the tenth anniversary of the International Year, 50142 of 21 December 1995, 52/81 of 12 December 1997, 54/24 of 17 December 1999, 56/113 of 19 December 2001, 57/164 of 18 December 2002, 58/15 of 3 December 2003, 59/111 of 6 December 2004, 59/147 of 20 December 2004, 61/233 of 18 December 2007, and 60/1 of 18 December 2007,", "Noting that the General Assembly, in paragraph 5 of its resolution 59/111 and paragraph 2 of its resolution 59/147, stressed the importance of achieving the goals of the Year and developing concrete measures and approaches to address national priorities in the field of the family,", "Noting also the importance of designing, implementing and monitoring family-oriented policies, in particular in the areas of poverty eradication, full employment and decent work, balance between work and the family, social integration and intergenerational solidarity,", "Recognizing that the preparation and celebration of the twentieth anniversary of the International Year in 2014 could offer a useful opportunity to draw further attention to the goals of the Year, namely, strengthening cooperation at all levels on family issues and concerted action to strengthen family-centred policies and programmes as part of an integrated and integrated approach to development,", "Aware that a major objective of the Year is to address the major concerns of strengthening the capacity of national institutions to formulate, implement and monitor family policies,", "Noting that the provisions relating to the family in the outcomes of the major United Nations conferences and summits of the 1990s and their follow-up process continue to provide policy guidance on how to strengthen the focus of policies and programmes on the family as part of an integrated and comprehensive approach to development,", "Convinced of the need to ensure that practical follow-up to the tenth anniversary of the International Year of 2004,", "Recognizing the important catalytic role and support role of United Nations agencies, specialized agencies and regional commissions in ensuring practical follow-up in the field of the family, including the active promotion of national capacity to formulate family policies,", "Recognizing the need for continued inter-agency cooperation on the issue of the family in order to raise awareness of the subject among the governing bodies of the United Nations system,", "Convinced that civil society, including research institutions and academic institutions, can play a key advocacy, promotion, research and decision-making role in family policy formulation and capacity-building,", "Taking note of the decision of the General Assembly, in its resolution 59/111, to hold an international celebration every decade,", "Taking note with appreciation of the report of the Secretary-General, including the report of the Secretary-General,", "Encourages Governments to continue to make every effort to achieve the goals of the International Year of the Family and to integrate a family perspective into national policymaking;", "Invites Governments and regional intergovernmental entities to ensure the availability of more systematic national and regional data on the well-being of the family, to identify constructive family-related policies that need to be developed and to ensure support for this purpose, including the exchange of information on good policies and practices;", "Urges Member States to consider 2014, as the target year, in order to make concrete efforts to improve the well-being of families through the implementation of effective national policies, strategies and programmes;", "Encourages Member States to adopt an integrated approach to the development of policies and programmes to address issues of family poverty, social exclusion and work and family balance and to share good practices in these areas; and invites Member States to engage in public debates and consultations on gender- and child-sensitive social protection policies, in accordance with the objectives of the Year;", "Also encourages Member States to promote the implementation of policies and programmes to promote intergenerational solidarity at the family and community levels and to reduce the vulnerability of young generations and older persons through various social protection strategies;", "Urges Member States to create an enabling environment to strengthen and support all families, while recognizing that equality between men and women and respect for all family members are essential for the well-being and society at large, noting the need to balance work and family life, and recognizing the principle of shared responsibility of both parents for the upbringinging of children;", "Invites Governments to continue to develop strategies and programmes in order to strengthen national capacities to address national priorities related to family issues; and encourages the United Nations family programmes to assist Governments, within their mandates, including by providing technical assistance to build and develop national capacities in the formulation, implementation and monitoring of family policies;", "Also invites Member States to consider activities to prepare for the celebration of the twentieth anniversary of the International Year at the national level;", "Encourages Governments to support the United Nations Trust Fund for Family Activities in order to enable the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the Secretariat to expand assistance, as requested by States;", "Recommends that United Nations agencies and bodies, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, research institutions and academic institutions and the private sector play a supportive role in promoting the goals of the Year;", "Requests the Secretary-General, through the Commission for Social Development and the Economic and Social Council, to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-eighth session a report on the implementation of the present resolution, including on preparations for the celebration of the twentieth anniversary of the International Year at all levels;", "Decides to consider at its sixty-seventh session, under the sub-item entitled “Social development, including questions relating to the world social situation and to youth, ageing, persons with disabilities and the family”, the topic “To prepare and celebrate the twentieth anniversary of the International Year of the Family”.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "Amel2-Ent4." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/454(Part II))通过]", "66/127. 第二次老龄问题世界大会的后续行动", "大会，", "回顾其2002年12月18日第57/167号决议，其中核可了2002年《政治宣言》[1] 和《马德里老龄问题国际行动计划》，[2] 回顾其2003年12月22日第58/134号决议，其中除其他外注意到执行《马德里行动计划》的行进图，并回顾其2005年12月16日第60/135号、2006年12月19日第61/142号、2007年12月18日第62/130号、2008年12月18日第63/151号决议、2009年12月18日第64/132号和2010年12月21日第65/182号决议，", "认识到世界上许多地方对《马德里行动计划》仍然所知甚少或一无所知，限制了执行工作的范围，", "注意到秘书长的报告，[3]", "认识到，到2050年，世界上将有超过20%的人口年龄在60岁或60岁以上，又认识到老年人数目增多现象在发展中世界将最为严重、增速最快，", "深为关切世界许多地区老年人状况因世界金融和经济危机而受到不利影响，", "确认如果给予适当的保障，大多数老年男女能够继续为社会的正常运转作出重要贡献，", "注意到老年妇女人数多于老年男子，并关切地注意到老年妇女常常因其在社会中基于性别的角色而面临多种形式的歧视，而且还受到其年龄、残疾或其他原因的制约，这些因素影响她们享受人权，", "1. 重申2002年《政治宣言》¹ 和《马德里老龄问题国际行动计划》；²", "2. 鼓励各国政府将老龄问题纳入消除贫穷战略和国家发展计划的主流，更加注重能力建设，以消除老年人尤其是老年妇女贫穷现象，并把具体针对老龄问题的政策和老龄问题主流化工作纳入国家战略；", "3. 鼓励会员国更加努力建设国家能力，以处理其在审查和评价《马德里行动计划》过程中确定的国家执行工作重点，并邀请尚未这样做的会员国考虑逐步建设能力，包括确定国家优先重点，加强体制机制、研究、数据收集和分析以及培训老龄工作领域必要的工作人员；", "4. 又鼓励会员国通过制定顾及整个人生过程并能促进代际团结的战略，克服执行《马德里行动计划》的障碍，以增加今后取得更大成功的可能性；", "5. 还鼓励会员国特别重视选择实事求是、可持续、可行而且在今后几年最有可能落实的国家优先重点，并制定目标和指标以衡量执行工作的进展；", "6. 鼓励所有会员国进一步执行《马德里行动计划》，作为其国家发展计划和消除贫穷战略的一个组成部分；", "7. 邀请会员国确定《马德里行动计划》头十年执行工作所剩时间的主要优先领域，包括增强老年人权能和促进其权利，提高对老龄问题的认识并建设国家处理老龄问题的能力；", "8. 建议会员国努力提高各方对《马德里行动计划》的认识，办法包括加强国家老龄问题协调中心网络，与各区域委员会合作，取得秘书处新闻部的帮助，以加强各方对老龄问题的重视；", "9. 鼓励尚未指定国家老龄问题行动计划后续行动协调者的各国政府指定这样的协调者；", "10. 邀请各国政府在推行有关老龄政策时，与相关利益攸关方和社会发展伙伴进行包容性和参与式协商，以制订有效政策，树立对国家政策的自主意识，并建立共识；", "11. 建议会员国加强能力，更有效地收集数据、统计数字和定性信息，必要时按包括性别和残疾在内的相关因素进行分类处理，以便更好地评估老年人的状况，并为着眼于保障老年人全面、平等享受所有人权和基本自由的方案和政策建立适当的监督机制；", "12. 又建议现有各项国际人权文书的缔约国在各自报告中适当阐述老年人状况，并鼓励条约机构监督机制和特别程序任务执行人根据其任务授权，在与各会员国对话期间、在审议有关报告时或在其访问各国过程中，多注意老年人的状况；", "13. 吁请各国政府酌情确保创造条件，使家庭和社区有能力随着人们进入老年而为他们提供照顾和保护，并且评价老年人健康状况的改善情形，包括不同性别老年人健康状况的改善情形，并减少残疾现象，降低死亡率；", "14. 鼓励各国政府继续努力执行《马德里行动计划》，将老年人关切的问题纳入政府政策议程的主流，同时铭记家庭代际相互依存、团结和互惠对于促进社会发展和落实老年人的所有人权至关重要，并鼓励各国政府防止年龄歧视，促进社会融合；", "15. 认识到加强各代之间代际间协作和团结的重要性，为此吁请会员国促进各种机会，让青年人与长辈在家庭、工作场所和社会上自愿、建设性和经常地互动；", "16. 鼓励会员国实施能够推动发展面向老年人的社区服务，同时应考虑到步入老年对于心理和身体的影响以及老年妇女的特殊需求；", "17. 又鼓励会员国确保老年人能够获得关于老年人权利的信息，使他们能够充分、公正地参与社会生活，争取充分享受所有人权；", "18. 吁请会员国与社会各部门包括老年人组织协商，特别是酌情通过为促进和保护人权而设立的国家机构，建设国家监测和落实老年人权利的能力；", "19. 又吁请会员国在关于老龄问题的所有政策行动中强化和纳入性别与残疾意识，纠正和消除年龄、性别或残疾歧视，并建议会员国与社会各界，尤其与包括老年人、妇女和残疾人组织在内关心此问题的相关组织开展合作，以改变对老年人特别是对老年妇女和残疾老人的消极成见，宣传老年人的正面形象；", "20. 还吁请会员国解决老年人的福祉和适足保健问题并处理针对老年人的任何忽视、虐待和暴力侵害行为，为此制定并实施更有效的预防战略，加强法律和政策，以解决这些问题及其内在因素；", "21. 决定将6月15日定为“认识虐待老年人问题世界日”，并邀请所有会员国、联合国系统各组织和其他国际及区域组织以及非政府组织和个人等民间社会成员以适当方式纪念该世界日；", "22. 吁请会员国按照《马德里行动计划》采取切实措施，进一步保护和协助处于紧急情况中的老年人；", "23. 强调指出，为了补充国家发展努力，必须加强国际合作以支持发展中国家执行《马德里行动计划》，同时确认援助和提供财政援助的重要性；", "24. 鼓励国际和双边捐助方等国际社会成员加强国际合作，支持各国按照国际商定目标努力消除贫穷，以便向老年人提供可持续的社会和经济支持，同时铭记各国都对本国的经济和社会发展负有主要责任；", "25. 又鼓励国际社会支持各国努力加强与包括老年人组织、学术界、研究基金会、护理机构等社区组织及私营部门在内的民间社会的伙伴关系，以努力帮助建设处理老龄问题的能力；", "26. 还鼓励国际社会和联合国系统相关机构在各自任务范围内酌情支持各国努力为老龄问题研究和数据收集举措提供资金，以便更好地了解人口老龄化带来的挑战和机遇，并就性别和老龄问题向决策者提供更准确、更具体的信息；", "27. 确认处理国家和区域各级培训、能力建设、政策拟定和监测工作的各个国际和区域组织在促进和协助执行《马德里行动计划》方面的重要作用，肯定世界各地开展的工作，并肯定各种区域举措以及马耳他国际老龄问题研究所和维也纳欧洲社会福利政策和研究中心等研究机构；", "28. 建议会员国重申联合国老龄问题协调中心的作用，加强技术合作努力，扩大各区域委员会在老龄问题上的作用，特别是2012年纪念《马德里行动计划》通过十周年活动期间在审查和评估执行进展方面的作用，此外为这些努力提供更多资源，促进本国和国际老龄问题非政府组织之间的协调，并加强与学术界在老龄问题研究议程上的合作；", "29. 重申需要在国家一级进一步开展能力建设，以推动和促进《马德里行动计划》及其第一个审查和评估周期结果的进一步落实，为此鼓励各国政府支持联合国老龄问题信托基金，以便秘书处经济和社会事务部能够应各国要求，扩大提供援助；", "30. 请联合国系统酌情加强自身能力，以有效和协调的方式支持各国执行《马德里行动计划》；", "31. 建议在不断努力实现包括《联合国千年宣言》[4] 所载目标在内的国际商定发展目标过程中考虑老年人境况；", "32. 赞赏地注意到大会第65/182号决议第28段所设不限成员名额工作组所做的工作，确认会员国以及联合国相关机构和组织、政府间组织和相关非政府组织、各国家人权机构及应邀参加讨论者在不限成员名额工作组头两次工作会议期间作出的积极贡献；", "33. 邀请各国、联合国系统相关机构和组织，包括相关人权任务执行人和条约机构及各区域委员会，以及关心此事的政府间组织和相关非政府组织，继续酌情为交付不限成员名额工作组处理的工作作出贡献；", "34. 请秘书长在现有资源范围内继续向不限成员名额工作组提供一切必要支持；", "35. 又请秘书长向大会第六十七届会议提交本决议执行情况报告，其中特别介绍老年人包括老年妇女融入社会发展以及促进老年人全面、平等享受所有人权和基本自由的情况。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] 《第二次老龄问题世界大会的报告，2002年4月8日至12日，马德里》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.02.IV.4)，第一章，决议1，附件一。", "[2] 同上，附件二。", "[3] A/66/173。", "[4] 见第55/2号决议。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/454 (Part II))]", "66/127. Follow‑up to the Second World Assembly on Ageing", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 57/167 of 18 December 2002, in which it endorsed the Political Declaration[1] and the Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing, 2002,[2] its resolution 58/134 of 22 December 2003, in which it took note, inter alia, of the road map for the implementation of the Madrid Plan of Action, and its resolutions 60/135 of 16 December 2005, 61/142 of 19 December 2006, 62/130 of 18 December 2007, 63/151 of 18 December 2008, 64/132 of 18 December 2009 and 65/182 of 21 December 2010,", "Recognizing that, in many parts of the world, awareness of the Madrid Plan of Action remains limited or non‑existent, which limits the scope of implementation efforts,", "Taking note of the report of the Secretary‑General,[3]", "Recognizing that, by 2050, more than 20 per cent of the world’s population will be 60 years old or older, and recognizing also that the increase in the number of older people will be greatest and most rapid in the developing world,", "Deeply concerned that the situation of older persons in many parts of the world has been negatively affected by the world financial and economic crisis,", "Recognizing the essential contribution that the majority of older men and women can continue to make to the functioning of society if adequate guarantees are in place,", "Noting that older women outnumber older men, and noting with concern that older women often face multiple forms of discrimination resulting from their gender‑based roles in society, compounded by their age, disability or other grounds, which affect the enjoyment of their human rights,", "1. Reaffirms the Political Declaration¹ and the Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing, 2002;²", "2. Encourages Governments to pay greater attention to building capacity to eradicate poverty among older persons, in particular older women, by mainstreaming ageing issues into poverty eradication strategies and national development plans, and to include both ageing‑specific policies and ageing‑mainstreaming efforts in their national strategies;", "3. Encourages Member States to strengthen their efforts to develop national capacity to address their national implementation priorities identified during the review and appraisal of the Madrid Plan of Action, and invites Member States that have not done so to consider a step‑by‑step approach to developing capacity that includes the setting of national priorities, the strengthening of institutional mechanisms, research, data collection and analysis and the training of necessary personnel in the field of ageing;", "4. Also encourages Member States to overcome obstacles to the implementation of the Madrid Plan of Action by devising strategies that take into account the entirety of the human life course and foster intergenerational solidarity in order to increase the likelihood of greater success in the years ahead;", "5. Further encourages Member States to place particular emphasis on choosing national priorities that are realistic, sustainable and feasible and have the greatest likelihood of being achieved in the years ahead and to develop targets and indicators to measure progress in the implementation process;", "6. Encourages all Member States to further implement the Madrid Plan of Action as an integral part of their national development plans and poverty eradication strategies;", "7. Invites Member States to identify key priority areas for the remainder of the first decade of implementation of the Madrid Plan of Action, including empowering older persons and promoting their rights, raising awareness of ageing issues and building national capacity to address ageing;", "8. Recommends that Member States increase awareness‑raising of the Madrid Plan of Action, including by strengthening networks of national focal points on ageing, working with the regional commissions and enlisting the help of the Department of Public Information of the Secretariat to seek increased attention for ageing issues;", "9. Encourages Governments that have not done so to designate focal points for handling follow‑up of national plans of action on ageing;", "10. Invites Governments to conduct their ageing‑related policies through inclusive and participatory consultations with relevant stakeholders and social development partners, in the interest of developing effective policies creating national policy ownership and consensus‑building;", "11. Recommends that Member States enhance their capacity regarding more effective data collection, statistics and qualitative information, disaggregated when necessary by relevant factors, including sex and disability, in order to better assess the situation of older persons and to set adequate monitoring mechanisms for programmes and policies geared towards protecting the full and equal enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms by older persons;", "12. Also recommends that States parties to existing international human rights instruments address the situation of older persons, where appropriate, more explicitly in their reports, and encourages treaty body monitoring mechanisms and special procedures mandate holders, in accordance with their mandates, to pay more attention to the situation of older persons in their dialogue with Member States, in their consideration of the reports or in their country missions;", "13. Calls upon Governments to ensure, as appropriate, conditions that enable families and communities to provide care and protection to persons as they age, and to evaluate improvements in the health status of older persons, including on a gender‑specific basis, and to reduce disability and mortality;", "14. Encourages Governments to continue their efforts to implement the Madrid Plan of Action and to mainstream the concerns of older persons into their policy agendas, bearing in mind the crucial importance of family intergenerational interdependence, solidarity and reciprocity for social development and the realization of all human rights for older persons, and to prevent age discrimination and provide social integration;", "15. Recognizes the importance of strengthening intergenerational partnerships and solidarity among generations, and in this regard calls upon Member States to promote opportunities for voluntary, constructive and regular interaction between young people and older generations in the family, the workplace and society at large;", "16. Encourages Member States to adopt social policies that promote the development of community services for older persons, taking into account the psychological and physical aspects of ageing and the special needs of older women;", "17. Also encourages Member States to ensure that older persons have access to information about their rights so as to enable them to participate fully and justly in their societies and to claim full enjoyment of all human rights;", "18. Calls upon Member States to develop their national capacity for monitoring and enforcing the rights of older persons, in consultation with all sectors of society, including organizations of older persons, through, inter alia, national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights where applicable;", "19. Also calls upon Member States to strengthen and incorporate a gender and disability perspective into all policy actions on ageing, as well as to address and eliminate discrimination on the basis of age, gender or disability, and recommends that Member States engage with all sectors of society, in particular with relevant organizations with an interest in the matter, including organizations of older persons, of women and of persons with disabilities, in changing negative stereotypes about older persons, in particular older women and older persons with disabilities, and promote positive images of older persons;", "20. Further calls upon Member States to address the well‑being and adequate health care of older persons, as well as any cases of neglect, abuse and violence against older persons, by designing and implementing more effective prevention strategies and stronger laws and policies to address these problems and their underlying factors;", "21. Decides to designate 15 June as World Elder Abuse Awareness Day, and invites all Member States, organizations of the United Nations system and other international and regional organizations, as well as civil society, including non‑governmental organizations and individuals, to observe it in an appropriate manner;", "22. Calls upon Member States to take concrete measures to further protect and assist older persons in emergency situations, in accordance with the Madrid Plan of Action;", "23. Stresses that, in order to complement national development efforts, enhanced international cooperation is essential to support developing countries in implementing the Madrid Plan of Action, while recognizing the importance of assistance and the provision of financial assistance;", "24. Encourages the international community, including international and bilateral donors, to enhance international cooperation to support national efforts to eradicate poverty, in keeping with internationally agreed goals, in order to achieve sustainable social and economic support for older persons, while bearing in mind that countries have the primary responsibility for their own economic and social development;", "25. Also encourages the international community to support national efforts to forge stronger partnerships with civil society, including organizations of older persons, academia, research foundations, community‑based organizations, including caregivers, and the private sector, in an effort to help to build capacity on ageing issues;", "26. Encourages the international community and the relevant agencies of the United Nations system, within their respective mandates, to support national efforts to provide funding for research and data‑collection initiatives on ageing, as appropriate, in order to better understand the challenges and opportunities presented by population ageing and to provide policymakers with more accurate and more specific information on gender and ageing;", "27. Recognizes the important role of various international and regional organizations that deal with training, capacity‑building, policy design and monitoring at the national and regional levels in promoting and facilitating the implementation of the Madrid Plan of Action, and acknowledges the work that is undertaken in various parts of the world, as well as regional initiatives, and by institutes such as the International Institute on Ageing in Malta and the European Centre for Social Welfare Policy and Research in Vienna;", "28. Recommends that Member States reaffirm the role of United Nations focal points on ageing, increase technical cooperation efforts, expand the role of the regional commissions on ageing issues, especially in the review and appraisal of progress in the implementation of the Madrid Plan of Action during the tenth anniversary of its adoption in 2012, and provide added resources for those efforts, facilitate the coordination of national and international non‑governmental organizations on ageing and enhance cooperation with academia on a research agenda on ageing;", "29. Reiterates the need for additional capacity‑building at the national level in order to promote and facilitate further implementation of the Madrid Plan of Action, as well as the results of its first review and appraisal cycle, and in this regard encourages Governments to support the United Nations Trust Fund for Ageing to enable the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the Secretariat to provide expanded assistance to countries, upon their request;", "30. Requests the United Nations system to strengthen its capacity to support, in an efficient and coordinated manner, national implementation of the Madrid Plan of Action, where appropriate;", "31. Recommends that the situation of older persons be taken into account in the ongoing efforts to achieve the internationally agreed development goals, including those contained in the United Nations Millennium Declaration;[4]", "32. Takes note with appreciation of the work of the Open‑ended Working Group on Ageing, established by the General Assembly in paragraph 28 of resolution 65/182, and recognizes the positive contributions of Member States, as well as relevant bodies and organizations of the United Nations, intergovernmental and relevant non‑governmental organizations, national human rights institutions and invited panellists during the first two working sessions of the Open‑ended Working Group;", "33. Invites States and relevant bodies and organizations of the United Nations system, including relevant human rights mandate holders and treaty bodies and the regional commissions, as well as intergovernmental and relevant non‑governmental organizations with an interest in the matter, to continue to make contributions to the work entrusted to the Open‑ended Working Group, as appropriate;", "34. Requests the Secretary‑General to continue to provide all necessary support to the Open‑ended Working Group, within existing resources;", "35. Also requests the Secretary‑General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty‑seventh session a report on the implementation of the present resolution, in particular on the integration of older persons, including older women, in social development and the promotion of the full and equal enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms by older persons.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  Report of the Second World Assembly on Ageing, Madrid, 8–12 April 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.02.IV.4), chap. I, resolution 1, annex I.", "[2]  Ibid., annex II.", "[3]  A/66/173.", "[4]  See resolution 55/2." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/64/454 (Part II)]", "Follow-up to the Second World Assembly on Ageing", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 57/167 of 18 December 2002, in which it endorsed the Political Declaration adopted in 2002 and the Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing, [2] Recalling its resolution 58/134 of 22 December 2003, in which it noted, inter alia, the progress made in the implementation of the Madrid Plan of Action, and recalling its resolutions 60/135 of 16 December 2005, 61/142 of 19 December 2006, 62/130 of 18 December 2007, 63/115 of 18 December 2008, 64/1 of 18 December 2009 and 64/1 of 21 December 2010,", "Recognizing that many parts of the world still have little or no knowledge of the Madrid Plan of Action, limiting the scope of implementation,", "Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General [3],", "Recognizing that by 2050, more than 20 per cent of the world's population will be aged 60 years or above, and recognizing that the increase in the number of older persons will be the most severe and fastest in the developing world,", "Deeply concerned at the negative impact of the situation of older persons in many parts of the world on the world financial and economic crisis,", "Recognizing that, if properly guaranteed, most older women and men can continue to make an important contribution to the functioning of society,", "Noting that older women are more than older men, and noting with concern that older women often face multiple forms of discrimination on the basis of their gender-based roles in society and are constrained by their age, disability or other causes, which affect their enjoyment of human rights,", "Reaffirms the Political Declaration of 20021 and the Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing;2", "Encourages Governments to mainstream ageing into poverty eradication strategies and national development plans, with a greater focus on capacity-building, in order to eliminate poverty among older persons, in particular older women, and to integrate policies and ageing-specific into national strategies;", "Encourages Member States to intensify their efforts to build national capacities to address their national implementation priorities identified in the course of the review and appraisal of the Madrid Plan of Action, and invites Member States that have not yet done so to consider building capacity, including by identifying national priorities, strengthening institutional mechanisms, research, data collection and analysis, and training of staff in the field of ageing work;", "Also encourages Member States to overcome the obstacles to the implementation of the Madrid Plan of Action by developing strategies to take into account the entire human life process and to promote intergenerational solidarity, with a view to increasing the likelihood of further success in the future;", "Also encourages Member States to pay particular attention to the priority national priorities for the selection of real, sustainable, viable and most likely to be implemented in the coming years and to develop indicators and indicators to measure progress in implementation;", "Encourages all Member States to further implement the Madrid Plan of Action as an integral part of their national development plans and poverty eradication strategies;", "Invites Member States to identify the main priority areas remaining for the implementation of the Madrid Plan of Action for the first decade, including the empowerment of older persons and the promotion of their rights, raising awareness on ageing and building national capacities to address ageing;", "Recommends that Member States strive to raise awareness of the Madrid Plan of Action, including through strengthening the network of national focal points on ageing, in cooperation with the regional commissions, to obtain the assistance of the Department of Public Information of the Secretariat in order to enhance the attention of all parties to ageing;", "Encourages Governments that have not yet done so to designate focal points for follow-up to national plans of action on ageing;", "Invites Governments to engage in inclusive and participatory consultations with relevant stakeholders and social development partners in the implementation of the ageing policy in order to develop effective policies to build ownership of national policies and to build consensus;", "Recommends that Member States strengthen their capacities for more effective data collection, statistics and qualitative information and, where necessary, disaggregated according to the relevant factors, including gender and disability, in order to better assess the situation of older persons and to establish appropriate oversight mechanisms for programmes and policies aimed at guaranteeing the full and equal enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms for the elderly;", "Also recommends that States parties to existing international human rights instruments give due consideration to the situation of older persons in their respective reports, and encourages treaty bodies to monitor the status of older persons and special procedures mandate holders, in accordance with their mandates, to pay attention to the situation of older persons during their dialogue with Member States, when considering reports or during their visits to States;", "Calls upon Governments, as appropriate, to ensure that conditions are created to enable families and communities to care and protect them as they enter the elderly, and to evaluate improvements in the health of older persons, including the improvement in the health of different sexes, and to reduce disability and reduce mortality;", "Encourages Governments to continue their efforts to implement the Madrid Plan of Action to mainstream the concerns of older persons in the Government's policy agenda, bearing in mind the importance of intergenerational interdependence, solidarity and reciprocity for the promotion of social development and the implementation of all human rights of the elderly, and encourages Governments to prevent age discrimination and promote social integration;", "Recognizes the importance of strengthening intergenerational collaboration and solidarity, and in this regard calls upon Member States to promote opportunities for voluntary, constructive and regular interaction between young people and grandchildren in the family, the workplace and society;", "Encourages Member States to implement community services that can promote the development of older persons, taking into account the special needs of older women for psychological and physical impacts;", "Also encourages Member States to ensure that older persons have access to information on the rights of older persons so that they are fully and impartially involved in social life and that they seek to fully enjoy all human rights;", "Calls upon Member States to build national capacities to monitor and implement the rights of older persons, in consultation with all sectors of society, including organizations of older persons, in particular through national institutions established for the promotion and protection of human rights, as appropriate;", "Also calls upon Member States to strengthen and incorporate gender and disability awareness in all policy actions on ageing, to correct and eliminate discrimination on the basis of age, gender or disability, and recommends that Member States cooperate with relevant organizations of society, in particular organizations, including older persons, women and persons with disabilities, in order to change negative stereotyping of older persons, in particular older women and persons with disabilities, and to promote the positive image of the elderly;", "Further calls upon Member States to address the well-being and adequate health problems of older persons and to address any neglect, abuse and violence against older persons, and to develop and implement more effective prevention strategies to strengthen laws and policies to address these issues and their inherent causes;", "Decides to designate 15 June as “World Day for the Recognition of the Abuse of Older Persons”, and invites all Member States, organizations of the United Nations system and other international and regional organizations, as well as members of civil society, including non-governmental organizations and individuals, to commemorate the World Day in an appropriate manner;", "Calls upon Member States to take effective measures to further protect and assist the elderly in emergencies, in accordance with the Madrid Plan of Action;", "Stresses the importance of strengthening international cooperation in support of the implementation of the Madrid Plan of Action by developing countries in order to complement national development efforts, while recognizing the importance of assistance and financial assistance;", "Encourages members of the international community, such as international and bilateral donors, to strengthen international cooperation to support national efforts to eradicate poverty in line with internationally agreed goals in order to provide sustainable social and economic support to the elderly, bearing in mind the primary responsibility of States for the economic and social development of their countries;", "Also encourages the international community to support national efforts to strengthen partnerships with community organizations, including the organizations of older persons, academia, research foundations, care institutions and the private sector, in order to help build capacity to deal with ageing;", "Also encourages the international community and relevant bodies of the United Nations system, within their respective mandates, to support national efforts to provide funding for research and data collection initiatives on ageing in order to better understand the challenges and opportunities posed by population ageing and to provide policymakers with more accurate and specific information on gender and ageing;", "Recognizes the important role of international and regional organizations dealing with training, capacity-building, policy formulation and monitoring at the national and regional levels in promoting and assisting in the implementation of the Madrid Plan of Action, and recognizes the work undertaken worldwide, as well as regional initiatives and research institutions such as the International Institute for Ageing of Malta and the European Centre for Social Welfare Policy and Research, Vienna;", "Recommends that Member States reaffirm the role of the United Nations focal point for ageing, strengthen technical cooperation efforts and expand the role of the regional commissions in ageing, in particular the role of the regional commissions in the review and assessment of progress in the implementation of the Madrid Plan of Action during the tenth anniversary of the adoption of the Madrid Plan of Action in 2012 and provide additional resources for these efforts to promote coordination among national and international non-governmental organizations on ageing, and strengthen cooperation with academia on the agenda for research on ageing;", "Reaffirms the need for further capacity-building at the national level to facilitate and facilitate further implementation of the Madrid Plan of Action and its first review and assessment cycle outcomes, and in this regard encourages Governments to support the United Nations Trust Fund on Ageing in order to enable the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the Secretariat to expand assistance, as requested by States;", "Requests the United Nations system, as appropriate, to strengthen its capacity to support national implementation of the Madrid Plan of Action in an effective and coordinated manner;", "Recommends that the situation of older persons be taken into account in the ongoing efforts to achieve the internationally agreed development goals, including those contained in the United Nations Millennium Declaration [4];", "Notes with appreciation the work of the Open-ended Working Group established pursuant to paragraph 28 of General Assembly resolution 63/282, and recognizes the active contributions of Member States and relevant United Nations bodies, intergovernmental organizations and relevant non-governmental organizations, national human rights institutions and those invited to participate in the deliberations during the first two working sessions of the Open-ended Working Group;", "Invites States, relevant organizations and organizations of the United Nations system, including relevant human rights mandate holders and treaty bodies and regional commissions, as well as intergovernmental and relevant non-governmental organizations interested in this matter, to continue to contribute, as appropriate, to the work of the Open-ended Working Group;", "Requests the Secretary-General, within existing resources, to continue to provide all necessary support to the Open-ended Working Group;", "Also requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session a report on the implementation of the present resolution on the integration of older persons, including older women, and the promotion of the full and equal enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms by older persons.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "Report of the Second World Assembly on Ageing, Madrid, 8-12 April 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.02.IV.4), chap. I, resolution 1, annex I.", "[2] Ibid., annex II.", "[3] A/64/273.", "[4] See resolution 55/2." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/455和Corr.1)通过]", "66/128. 暴力侵害移徙女工行为", "大会，", "回顾大会、妇女地位委员会、人权委员会及预防犯罪和刑事司法委员会以往通过的关于暴力侵害移徙女工行为的各项决议和《消除对妇女的暴力行为宣言》，[1]", "重申世界人权会议、[2] 国际人口与发展会议、[3] 第四次妇女问题世界会议、[4] 社会发展问题世界首脑会议[5] 以及其审查会议的成果文件所载关于移徙女工的规定，", "欢迎设立联合国促进性别平等和增强妇女权能署(妇女署)，并表示希望它按照妇女署2011-2013年战略计划[6] 以及妇女署关于移徙女工赋权问题的政策和方案工作，有力支持各国努力增加包括移徙女工在内所有妇女特别是最受排斥妇女获得经济赋权的机会，并消除针对移徙女工的暴力行为，该战略计划中订立了六项目标，其中包括增加妇女获得经济赋权的机会，防止暴力侵害妇女和女孩行为及扩大幸存者获得服务的途径，", "又欢迎妇女地位委员会第五十五届会议通过的商定结论，[7] 并注意到各方尤其已酌情承诺为移徙女工实施对性别问题有敏感认识的政策和方案，确保在法律上保护所有妇女包括护理工免遭暴力与剥削，提供安全、合法渠道以使移徙女工的技能和教育以及公平劳动条件受到承认，促进她们从事生产性就业和体面工作并融入劳动力队伍，", "回顾2006年9月14日和15日举行的国际移徙与发展问题高级别对话期间所进行的讨论，讨论结果除其他外确认需要特别保护移徙妇女，此外注意到将于2013年就同一主题举行另一次高级别对话，", "欢迎国际劳工大会第一百届会议于2011年6月16日通过的关于家政工人体面工作的第189号公约和第201号建议，指出必须确保第189号公约早日生效，并鼓励各国考虑予以批准，鼓励《消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约》[8] 缔约国注意并考虑消除对妇女歧视委员会2008年11月通过的关于移徙女工的第26号一般性建议，[9] 鼓励《保护所有移徙工人及其家庭成员权利国际公约》[10] 缔约国注意并考虑保护所有移徙工人及其家庭成员权利委员会2010年12月通过的关于移徙家政工人的第1号一般性评论，[11] 确认它们相辅相成，", "确认妇女加入国际移徙行列的人数日益增多，主要是受社会经济因素的驱动，而且移徙妇女比率日增的情况要求在所有涉及国际移徙问题的政策和努力中更加敏感地注意性别问题，", "强调指出所有利益攸关方，尤其是原籍国、过境国和目的地国、相关区域组织和国际组织、私营部门和民间社会，都应共同承担责任，通过有目标的措施，促进创造一种防止和对付包括在歧视情形下发生的暴力侵害移徙女工行为的环境，并在这方面确认必须在国家、双边、区域和国际各级采取联合协作的办法和战略，", "确认移徙女工通过其所从事的工作，对原籍国和目的地国产生了经济和社会上的影响，从而为社会和经济发展作出了重要贡献，并强调移徙女工劳动包括家政工人劳动的价值和尊严，", "又确认在移徙过程的各个阶段，即从决定迁徙开始，包括过境、正规与非正规就业和融入东道国社会，以及在返回并重新融入原籍国期间，妇女及其子女都处于特别脆弱的境况，", "表示深切关注关于移徙妇女和女孩遭受严重虐待和暴力侵害的报道持续不断，包括性别暴力尤其是性暴力、家庭暴力、种族主义和仇外行径、虐待劳工行为、剥削性质工作条件以及包括一切形式强迫劳动在内的当代形式奴役及贩运人口行为，", "认识到性别、年龄、阶级和族裔等方面的歧视与定型观念相互交杂，可加剧移徙女工面临的歧视，而且性别暴力是一种形式的歧视，", "重申承诺保护和促进所有妇女的人权，包括不加歧视地保护和促进为工作而移徙的土著妇女的人权，在这方面注意到《联合国土著人民权利宣言》[12] 对酌情消除一切形式暴力侵害和歧视土著妇女行为的重视，", "注意到妇女地位委员会第五十六届会议的优先主题将是“赋权农村妇女以及农村妇女在消除贫穷和饥饿、发展和目前挑战方面的作用”，[13] 在这方面确认农村移徙女工对消除贫困及其所在社区发展的作用和贡献，", "关切许多在非正规经济部门受雇并从事技术含量较低工作的移徙妇女尤其容易遭受虐待和剥削，在这方面强调各国有义务保护移徙者的人权，防止和对付虐待和剥削行为，并且关切地注意到，许多移徙女工从事低于其能力的工作，同时却由于这些工作报酬低微、社会保护不足，因而更加脆弱，", "强调必须有客观、全面和基础广泛的资料，包括按性别和年龄分列的供研究和分析用的数据和统计数字及对性别问题有敏感认识的指标，而且必须广泛交流各个会员国和民间社会在制订专门针对包括在歧视情形下发生的暴力侵害移徙女工行为的有目标政策和具体战略方面所汲取的经验和教训，", "认识到伪造证件或非正式证件和为移徙而假结婚等手段可能会便利或促成大批移徙女工迁移，因特网等工具则可能起推波助澜的作用，而且这些移徙女工更容易受到虐待和剥削，", "确认必须探讨移徙与贩运人口之间的关联，以期进一步努力保护移徙女工，使其免遭暴力、歧视、剥削和虐待，", "感到鼓舞的是，有些目的地国为缓解在本国管辖地区居住的移徙女工的困境采取了一些措施并促进司法救助，例如建立对性别有敏感认识的移徙工人保护机制，便利他们使用投诉机制，或在法律诉讼期间提供援助，", "强调联合国各相关条约机构可发挥重要作用，在其各自职权范围内监测各项人权公约和相关特别程序的执行情况，处理暴力侵害移徙女工问题，并保护和促进她们的人权和福利，", "1. 赞赏地注意到秘书长的报告；[14]", "2. 鼓励各会员国考虑签署和批准或加入国际劳工组织相关公约并考虑签署和批准或加入《保护所有移徙工人及其家庭成员权利国际公约》、¹⁰ 《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约关于预防、禁止和惩治贩运人口特别是妇女和儿童行为的补充议定书》、[15] 《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约关于打击陆、海、空偷运移民的补充议定书》、[16] 1954年《关于无国籍人地位的公约》[17] 和1961年《减少无国籍状态公约》[18] 以及有助于保护移徙女工权利的所有其他人权条约，此外也鼓励会员国执行《联合国打击贩运人口活动全球行动计划》；[19]", "3. 注意到人权理事会暴力侵害妇女及其因果问题特别报告员提交理事会第十一届会议的题为“妇女人权的政治经济问题”的报告，[20] 特别是她在这份报告中阐述了目前移徙女工在当前全球经济趋势和危机背景下所面临的各种剥削和暴力问题；", "4. 鼓励其任务规定与暴力侵害移徙女工问题有关的各位联合国人权问题报告员改进其各自任务中与移徙女工目前所面临挑战相关领域的资料收集和分析工作，并且鼓励各国政府在这方面向特别报告员提供合作；", "5. 吁请各国政府按照各自根据人权文书所承担的人权义务和作出的承诺，把关心人权、对性别问题有敏感认识和以人为中心的观念纳入有关国际移徙、劳工和就业问题的立法、政策与方案，保护移徙妇女和防止她们遭受暴力和歧视、剥削和虐待，并采取有效措施确保这些移徙和劳工政策不助长歧视，必要时对此类立法、政策和方案进行影响评估研究，以确定所采取措施和所取得结果对移徙女工产生的影响；", "6. 又吁请各国政府采取或加强各种措施，保护移徙女工的人权，不论其移民身份为何，其中包括在移徙女工聘用政策中保护移徙女工的人权，并考虑扩大各国之间对话以探讨如何制定新方法来促进合法移徙渠道，以便除其他外制止非法移徙，考虑把性别观念纳入移民法律以防止针对妇女的歧视与暴力，包括在涉及独立移徙、循环移徙和临时移徙时，并考虑根据本国立法，允许遭受暴力侵害的移徙女工不需求助于虐待她们的雇主或配偶，自行申请居留许可；", "7. 敦促各国政府加强双边、区域、区域间和国际合作，处理暴力侵害移徙女工行为，同时充分尊重国际法，包括国际人权法，并加强努力，以降低移徙女工的脆弱性，为此在执法、检控、预防、能力建设和受害者保护与支助等方面为有效诉诸司法和有效采取行动提供便利，交流打击暴力侵害和歧视移徙女工行为方面的信息和良好做法，推动在原籍国提供可替代移徙的其他可持续发展渠道；", "8. 又敦促各国政府考虑到儿童的最佳利益，采取或加强各种措施，促进和保护移徙女孩，包括孤身女孩的人权，不论其移民身份为何，防止她们在工作场所，包括在家政工作中受到劳动和经济剥削、歧视、性骚扰、暴力和性虐待；", "9. 还敦促各国政府强烈鼓励所有利益攸关方，特别是包括参与雇用移徙女工的雇佣机构在内的私营部门，更加注重并更大力资助预防暴力侵害移徙妇女的工作，尤其是促进妇女获得有意义的、对性别问题有敏感认识的信息和教育，除其他外了解移徙的代价与好处、她们在原籍国和就业所在国应享有的权利和福利、就业所在国的总体条件、合法移徙的程序，并且确保适用于征聘者、雇主和中介人的法律和政策能促进遵守和尊重移徙工人的人权，特别是女工的人权；", "10. 鼓励所有国家按照适用的本国立法，排除可能妨碍移徙者透明、安全、不受限制且迅速地将汇款转至其原籍国或任何其他国家的各种障碍，包括酌情降低交易费用以及实施便于妇女采用的汇款、存款和投资办法，包括散居国外者投资办法，并酌情考虑采取措施解决可能妨碍移徙女工获取和管理其经济资源的其他问题；", "11. 吁请各国政府承认移徙女工有权获得紧急健康护理，而不论移民身份为何，并在这方面确保不因怀孕和分娩而歧视移徙女工，根据国家立法降低移徙人口对艾滋病毒/艾滋病的脆弱性，帮助其获得艾滋病毒预防、治疗、护理和支助服务；", "12. 敦促尚未采取行动的国家尽快通过和实施保护所有移徙家政女工的立法和政策，在其中包含依照适用的国际劳工组织公约及其他文书订立的相关监测与检查措施并视需要予以强化，以确保遵守国际义务，此外准许移徙家政女工诉诸对性别问题有敏感认识、能透明运作的机制，针对雇主提出申诉，同时强调指出，这类立法和政策不应惩罚移徙女工，并吁请各国迅速调查和惩处所有侵犯人权行为；", "13. 吁请各国政府与国际组织、非政府组织、私营部门和其他利益攸关方合作，根据相关国际人权文书和适用的公约，依照本国立法为遭受暴力侵害的移徙女工提供紧急、全面的援助和保护，并在可能情况下提供在文化和语言上适宜、对性别问题有敏感认识的服务，而不论其移民身份为何；", "14. 又吁请各国政府，特别是原籍国和目的地国政府，制订刑事制裁措施，惩治暴力侵害移徙女工的行为人和中间人，建立受害者可以切实加以利用并使其观点和关切得以在适当诉讼阶段获得陈述和考虑而且对性别问题有敏感认识的补救和司法机制，包括订立其他措施以使受害者能够在可能情况下到庭审现场，此外保护遭受暴力侵害的移徙女工不再次受害，包括不再受当局之害；", "15. 敦促各国采取有效措施，制止任意逮捕和拘留移徙女工的行为，并采取行动，防止个人或群体以任何形式非法剥夺移徙女工自由的行为，并对这种行为加以惩治；", "16. 鼓励各国政府拟订和执行以本国执法人员、移民官员和边境管制人员、外交和领事官员、检察官和服务提供者为对象的培训方案，以期使这些公共部门的工作人员能敏感认识暴力侵害移徙女工问题，并帮助他们掌握必要技能，端正态度，确保采取对性别问题具有敏感认识的适当专业干预措施；", "17. 又鼓励各国政府本着关心人权、对性别问题有敏感认识和以人为中心的态度，倡导涉及移徙女工的移民、劳工和反偷渡政策与方案之间相互协调一致，以确保在整个移徒过程中保护移徙女工人权，并加大力度防止暴力侵害移徙女工，起诉犯罪人及保护和支助受害人及其家庭；", "18. 吁请各国依照《维也纳领事关系公约》[21] 第三十六条的规定，一旦移徙女工被捕或入狱，或被拘押待审，或被以其他方式拘留，即指示受其管辖的主管当局告知她这方面的权利，并应移徙女工的要求，从速通知其原籍国的领事机构；", "19. 邀请联合国系统及其他有关政府间组织和非政府组织在现有资源范围内与各国政府开展合作，以便更好地了解妇女与国际移徙方面的各种问题，并更好地收集、传播和分析按性别和年龄分列的数据和资料，以便协助制定特别是对性别问题有敏感认识而且能保护人权的移徙和劳工政策，协助进行政策评估，并继续以协调方式支持各国努力消除针对移徙女工的暴力，以确保有效落实政策，加大其影响而且强化其对移徙女工的积极效果；", "20. 鼓励各国政府在制订本国关于移徙女工的政策时以按性别分列的最新相关数据和分析结果为依据，而且在整个政策制订过程中与移徙女工和相关利益攸关方进行密切协商；又鼓励各国政府确保这一过程有足够资源可用，而且所产生的政策有可衡量的目标和指标、时间表及监测和问责措施，特别是以雇佣机构、雇主和政府官员为实施对象，规定需进行影响评估，并能通过适当机制确保在原籍国、过境国和目的地国境内以及这些国家之间进行多部门协调。", "21. 鼓励各有关政府，特别是原籍国、过境国和目的地国政府，利用联合国的知识专长，包括秘书处经济和社会事务部统计司和妇女署的知识专长，制订和加强适当的按性别分列的国家数据收集、分析和传播方法，以生成关于在移徒过程各阶段发生的暴力侵害移徙女工行为以及一切能发现的侵犯其权利行为的可比数据并建立相关追踪报告系统，此外：", "(a) 进一步研究暴力侵害妇女行为，包括暴力侵害移徙工人行为，给妇女本人、其家庭和其社区造成的代价；", "(b) 分析可供移徙女工利用的机会以及其对发展的影响；", "(c) 支持改进关于汇款的宏观数据，以便妥善制订和执行政策；", "22. 请秘书长考虑到联合国系统各组织，特别是国际劳工组织、联合国开发计划署、妇女署及联合国毒品和犯罪问题办事处提供的最新资料，以及各特别报告员提出的涉及移徙女工境况的报告和包括非政府组织在内的其他相关来源，例如国际移徙组织等提供的最新资料，就暴力侵害移徙女工问题和本决议执行情况，特别是移徙女工获得司法救助的机会向大会第六十八届会议提交一份全面、分析性的专题报告，其中着重说明各种立法、政策与方案对移徙女工的影响。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] 见第48/104号决议。", "[2] A/CONF.157/24(Part I) 和Corr.1，第三章。", "[3] 《国际人口与发展会议的报告，1994年9月5日至13日，开罗》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.95.XIII.18)，第一章，决议1，附件。", "[4] 《第四次妇女问题世界会议的报告，1995年9月4日至15日，北京》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.96.IV.13)，第一章，决议1，附件一和二。", "[5] 《社会发展问题世界首脑会议的报告，1995年3月6日至12日，哥本哈根》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.96.IV.8)，第一章，决议1，附件一和二。", "[6] UNW/2011/9。", "[7] 见《经济及社会理事会正式记录，2011年，补编第7号》(E/2011/27)，第一章，A节。", "[8] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第1249卷，第20378号。", "[9] 《大会正式记录，第六十四届会议，补编第38号》(A/64/38)，第一部分，附件一，第42/I号决定。", "[10] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第2220卷，第39481号。", "[11] CMW/C/GC/1。", "[12] 第61/295号决议，附件。", "[13] 见经济及社会理事会第2009/15号决议。", "[14] A/66/212。", "[15] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第2237卷，第39574号。", "[16] 同上，第2241卷，第39574号。", "[17] 同上，第360卷，第5158号。", "[18] 同上，第989卷，第14458号。", "[19] 第64/293号决议。", "[20] A/HRC/11/6。", "[21] 联合国，《条约汇编》第596卷，第8638号。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/455 and Corr.1)]", "66/128. Violence against women migrant workers", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling all of its previous resolutions on violence against women migrant workers and those adopted by the Commission on the Status of Women, the Commission on Human Rights and the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, and the Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women,[1]", "Reaffirming the provisions concerning women migrant workers contained in the outcome documents of the World Conference on Human Rights,[2] the International Conference on Population and Development,[3] the Fourth World Conference on Women[4] and the World Summit for Social Development[5] and their reviews,", "Welcoming the establishment of the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN‑Women), and expressing the hope that it will robustly support national efforts to increase women’s access to economic opportunities, especially for those who are most excluded, including women migrant workers, and to end violence against women migrant workers, in the light of the UN‑Women strategic plan, 2011–2013,[6] which has among its six goals increasing women’s access to economic opportunities, and preventing violence against women and girls and expanding access to survivor services, and the policy and programmatic work of UN‑Women on empowering women migrant workers,", "Welcoming also the agreed conclusions adopted by the Commission on the Status of Women during its fifty‑fifth session,[7] and taking note, in particular, of the commitment, as appropriate, to implement gender‑sensitive policies and programmes for women migrant workers, to ensure that all women, including care workers, are legally protected against violence and exploitation, to provide safe and legal channels that recognize women migrant workers’ skills and education and fair labour conditions, and to facilitate their productive employment and decent work and integration into the labour force,", "Recalling the discussions during the High‑level Dialogue on International Migration and Development, held on 14 and 15 September 2006, which recognized, inter alia, the need for special protection for migrant women, and noting that another high‑level dialogue on the same theme will be held in 2013,", "Welcoming the adoption of Convention No. 189 and Recommendation No. 201 on decent work for domestic workers by the International Labour Conference on 16 June 2011, at its one‑hundredth session, noting the importance of the early entry into force of Convention No. 189 and encouraging States to consider ratifying it, encouraging States parties to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women[8] to take note of and consider general recommendation No. 26 on women migrant workers adopted by the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women in November 2008,[9] and encouraging States parties to the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families[10] to take note of and consider general comment No. 1 on migrant domestic workers adopted by the Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families in December 2010,[11] acknowledging that they are complementary and mutually reinforcing,", "Recognizing the increasing participation of women in international migration, driven in large part by socioeconomic factors, and that this feminization of migration requires greater gender sensitivity in all policies and efforts related to the subject of international migration,", "Stressing the shared responsibility of all stakeholders, in particular countries of origin, transit and destination, relevant regional and international organizations, the private sector and civil society, in promoting an environment that prevents and addresses violence against women migrant workers, including in the context of discrimination, through targeted measures, and in this regard recognizing the importance of joint and collaborative approaches and strategies at the national, bilateral, regional and international levels,", "Recognizing that women migrant workers are important contributors to social and economic development, through the economic and social impacts, as a result of their work, on countries of origin and destination, and underlining the value and dignity of their labour, including the labour of domestic workers,", "Recognizing also the particular vulnerability of women and their children at all stages of the migration process, extending from the moment of deciding to migrate, and including transit, engagement in formal and informal employment, and integration into the host society, as well as during their return to and reintegration in their countries of origin,", "Expressing deep concern at the continuing reports of grave abuses and violence committed against migrant women and girls, including gender‑based violence, in particular sexual violence, domestic and family violence, racist and xenophobic acts, abusive labour practices, exploitative conditions of work, and contemporary forms of slavery, including all forms of forced labour, and trafficking in persons,", "Recognizing that the intersection of, inter alia, gender, age, class and ethnic discrimination and stereotypes can compound the discrimination faced by women migrant workers, and that gender‑based violence is a form of discrimination,", "Reaffirming the commitment to protect and promote the human rights of all women, including, without discrimination, indigenous women who migrate for work, and in this regard noting the attention paid in the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples[12] to the elimination of all forms of violence and discrimination against indigenous women, as appropriate,", "Noting that the priority theme of the fifty‑sixth session of the Commission on the Status of Women will be “The empowerment of rural women and their role in poverty and hunger eradication, development and current challenges”,[13] and in this regard recognizing the role and contribution of rural women migrant workers towards poverty eradication and development in their communities,", "Concerned that many migrant women who are employed in the informal economy and in less skilled work are especially vulnerable to abuse and exploitation, underlining in this regard the obligation of States to protect the human rights of migrants so as to prevent and address abuse and exploitation, and observing with concern that many women migrant workers take on jobs for which they may be overqualified and in which, at the same time, they may be more vulnerable because of poor pay and inadequate social protection,", "Emphasizing the need for objective, comprehensive and broad‑based information, including sex‑ and age‑disaggregated data and statistics, and gender‑sensitive indicators for research and analysis, and a wide exchange of experience and lessons learned by individual Member States and civil society in the formulation of targeted policies and concrete strategies to specifically address violence against women migrant workers, including in the context of discrimination,", "Realizing that the movement of a significant number of women migrant workers may be facilitated and made possible by means of fraudulent or irregular documentation and sham marriages with the object of migration, that this may be facilitated through, inter alia, the Internet and that those women migrant workers are more vulnerable to abuse and exploitation,", "Recognizing the importance of exploring the link between migration and trafficking in persons in order to further efforts towards protecting women migrant workers from violence, discrimination, exploitation and abuse,", "Encouraged by some measures adopted by some countries of destination to alleviate the plight of women migrant workers residing in their areas of jurisdiction and to promote access to justice, such as the establishment of gender‑sensitive protection mechanisms for migrant workers, facilitating their access to mechanisms for reporting complaints or providing assistance during legal proceedings,", "Underlining the important role of relevant United Nations treaty bodies in monitoring the implementation of human rights conventions, and the relevant special procedures, within their respective mandates, in addressing the problem of violence against women migrant workers and in protecting and promoting their human rights and welfare,", "1. Takes note with appreciation of the report of the Secretary‑General;[14]", "2. Encourages Member States to consider signing and ratifying or acceding to relevant International Labour Organization conventions and to consider signing and ratifying or acceding to the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families,¹⁰ the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime,[15] the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime,[16] the 1954 Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons[17] and the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness,[18] as well as all other human rights treaties that contribute to the protection of the rights of women migrant workers, and also encourages Member States to implement the United Nations Global Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons;[19]", "3. Takes note of the report of the Special Rapporteur of the Human Rights Council on violence against women, its causes and consequences, entitled “Political economy of women’s human rights”, submitted to the Council at its eleventh session,[20] in particular her elaboration in that report of the current issues of the exploitation and violence that women migrants face in the context of the current global economic trends and crises;", "4. Encourages all United Nations special rapporteurs on human rights whose mandates touch on the issues of violence against women migrant workers to improve the collection of information on and analysis of those areas within their mandates relating to the current challenges facing women migrant workers, and also encourages Governments to cooperate with the special rapporteurs in this regard;", "5. Calls upon all Governments to incorporate a human rights, gender‑sensitive and people‑centred perspective in legislation, policies and programmes on international migration and on labour and employment, consistent with their human rights obligations and commitments under human rights instruments, for the prevention of and protection of migrant women against violence and discrimination, exploitation and abuse, to take effective measures to ensure that such migration and labour policies do not reinforce discrimination, and, where necessary, to conduct impact assessment studies of such legislation, policies and programmes in order to identify the impact of measures taken and the results achieved in regard to women migrant workers;", "6. Calls upon Governments to adopt or strengthen measures to protect the human rights of women migrant workers, regardless of their immigration status, including in policies that regulate the recruitment and deployment of women migrant workers, and to consider expanding dialogue among States on devising innovative methods to promote legal channels of migration, inter alia, in order to deter illegal migration, to consider incorporating a gender perspective into immigration laws in order to prevent discrimination and violence against women, including in independent, circular and temporary migration, and to consider permitting, in accordance with national legislation, women migrant workers who are victims of violence to apply for residency permits independently of abusive employers or spouses;", "7. Urges Governments to enhance bilateral, regional, interregional and international cooperation to address violence against women migrant workers, fully respecting international law, including international human rights law, as well as to strengthen efforts to reduce the vulnerability of women migrant workers by facilitating effective access to justice and effective action in the areas of law enforcement, prosecution, prevention, capacity‑building, and victim protection and support, by exchanging information and good practices in combating violence and discrimination against women migrant workers and by fostering sustainable development alternatives to migration in countries of origin;", "8. Also urges Governments to take into account the best interests of the child by adopting or strengthening measures to promote and protect the human rights of migrant girls, including unaccompanied girls, regardless of their immigration status, so as to prevent labour and economic exploitation, discrimination, sexual harassment, violence and sexual abuse in the workplace, including in domestic work;", "9. Further urges Governments to strongly encourage all stakeholders, especially the private sector, including employment agencies involved in recruiting women migrant workers, to strengthen the focus on and funding support for the prevention of violence against women migrant workers, in particular by promoting the access of women to meaningful and gender‑sensitive information and education on, inter alia, the costs and benefits of migration, rights and benefits to which they are entitled in the countries of origin and employment, overall conditions in countries of employment and procedures for legal migration, as well as to ensure that laws and policies governing recruiters, employers and intermediaries promote adherence to and respect for the human rights of migrant workers, particularly women;", "10. Encourages all States to remove obstacles that may prevent the transparent, safe, unrestricted and expeditious transfer of remittances of migrants to their countries of origin or to any other countries, including, where appropriate, by reducing transaction costs and implementing woman‑friendly remittance transfer, savings and investment schemes, including diaspora investment schemes, in conformity with applicable national legislation, and to consider, as appropriate, measures to solve other problems that may impede women migrant workers’ access to and management of their economic resources;", "11. Calls upon Governments to recognize the right of women migrant workers, regardless of their immigration status, to have access to emergency health care, and in this regard to ensure that women migrant workers are not discriminated against on the grounds of pregnancy and childbirth and, in accordance with national legislation, to address the vulnerabilities to HIV experienced by migrant populations and support their access to HIV prevention, treatment, care and support;", "12. Urges States that have not yet done so to adopt and implement legislation and policies that protect all women migrant domestic workers and to include therein, and improve where necessary, relevant monitoring and inspection measures in line with applicable International Labour Organization conventions and other instruments to ensure compliance with international obligations, and to grant women migrant workers in domestic service access to gender‑sensitive, transparent mechanisms for bringing complaints against employers, while stressing that such instruments should not punish women migrant workers, and calls upon States to promptly investigate and punish all violations of their rights;", "13. Calls upon Governments, in cooperation with international organizations, non‑governmental organizations, the private sector and other stakeholders, to provide women migrant workers who are victims of violence, irrespective of their immigration status, in line with domestic legislation, with the full range of emergency assistance and protection and, to the extent possible, gender‑sensitive services that are culturally and linguistically appropriate, in accordance with relevant international human rights instruments and applicable conventions;", "14. Also calls upon Governments, in particular those of the countries of origin and destination, to put in place penal and criminal sanctions in order to punish perpetrators of violence against women migrant workers and intermediaries, and gender‑sensitive redress and justice mechanisms that victims can access effectively and that allow their views and concerns to be presented and considered at appropriate stages of proceedings, including other measures that will allow victims to be present during the judicial process, when possible, and to protect women migrant workers who are victims of violence from revictimization, including by authorities;", "15. Urges all States to adopt effective measures to put an end to the arbitrary arrest and detention of women migrant workers and to take action to prevent and punish any form of illegal deprivation of the liberty of women migrant workers by individuals or groups;", "16. Encourages Governments to formulate and implement training programmes for their law enforcers, immigration officers and border officials, diplomatic and consular officials, prosecutors and service providers, with a view to sensitizing those public‑sector workers to the issue of violence against women migrant workers and imparting to them the necessary skills and attitude to ensure the delivery of proper, professional and gender‑sensitive interventions;", "17. Also encourages Governments to promote coherence between migration, labour and anti‑trafficking policies and programmes concerning women migrant workers, based on a human rights, gender‑sensitive and people‑centred perspective, to ensure that the human rights of women migrant workers are protected throughout the migration process, and to enhance efforts to prevent violence against women migrant workers, prosecute perpetrators and protect and support victims and their families;", "18. Calls upon States, in accordance with the provisions of article 36 of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations,[21] to ensure that, if a woman migrant worker is arrested or committed to prison or custody pending trial, or is detained in any other manner, the competent authorities respect her freedom to communicate with and have access to the consular officials of the country of her nationality, and in this regard to inform without delay, if that woman migrant worker so requests, the consular post of her State of nationality;", "19. Invites the United Nations system and other concerned intergovernmental and non‑governmental organizations to cooperate with Governments, within existing resources, towards a better understanding of the issues concerning women and international migration, and to improve the collection, dissemination and analysis of sex‑ and age‑disaggregated data and information in order to assist in the formulation of migration and labour policies that are, inter alia, gender‑sensitive and that protect human rights, as well as to aid in policy assessment and to continue to support national efforts to address violence against women migrant workers in a coordinated way that ensures effective implementation, enhances their impact and strengthens positive outcomes for women migrant workers;", "20. Encourages Governments to formulate national policies concerning women migrant workers that are based on up‑to‑date, relevant sex‑disaggregated data and analysis in close consultation with women migrant workers and relevant stakeholders throughout the policy process, and also encourages Governments to ensure that such process is adequately resourced and that the resulting policies have measurable targets and indicators, timetables and monitoring and accountability measures, in particular for employment agencies, employers and public officials, and provide for impact assessments and ensure multi‑sector coordination within and between countries of origin, transit and destination through appropriate mechanisms;", "21. Encourages concerned Governments, in particular those of the countries of origin, transit and destination, to avail themselves of the expertise of the United Nations, including the Statistics Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the Secretariat, and UN‑Women, to develop and enhance appropriate sex‑disaggregated national data‑collection, analysis and dissemination methodologies that will generate comparable data, and tracking and reporting systems on violence against women migrant workers and, wherever possible, violations of their rights at all stages of the migration process, and:", "(a) To further study the costs of violence against women, including migrant workers, to the women themselves, their families and their communities;", "(b) To analyse the opportunities available to women migrant workers and their impact on development;", "(c) To support the improvement of macrodata on remittances, for appropriate policy formulation and implementation;", "22. Requests the Secretary‑General to provide a comprehensive, analytical and thematic report to the General Assembly at its sixty‑eighth session on the problem of violence against women migrant workers and on the implementation of the present resolution, specifically with regard to access to justice for women migrant workers, highlighting the impact of legislation, policies and programmes on women migrant workers, taking into account updated information from the organizations of the United Nations system, in particular the International Labour Organization, the United Nations Development Programme, UN‑Women and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, as well as the reports of special rapporteurs that refer to the situation of women migrant workers and other relevant sources, such as the International Organization for Migration, including non‑governmental organizations.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  See resolution 48/104.", "[2]  A/CONF.157/24 (Part I), chap. III.", "[3]  Report of the International Conference on Population and Development, Cairo, 5–13 September 1994 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.95.XIII.18), chap. I, resolution 1, annex.", "[4]  Report of the Fourth World Conference on Women, Beijing, 4–15 September 1995 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.96.IV.13), chap. I, resolution 1, annexes I and II.", "[5]  Report of the World Summit for Social Development, Copenhagen, 6–12 March 1995 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.96.IV.8), chap. I, resolution 1, annexes I and II.", "[6]  UNW/2011/9.", "[7]  See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 2011, Supplement No. 7 (E/2011/27), chap. I, sect. A.", "[8]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1249, No. 20378.", "[9]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty‑fourth Session, Supplement No. 38 (A/64/38), part one, annex I, decision 42/I.", "[10]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2220, No. 39481.", "[11]  CMW/C/GC/1.", "[12]  Resolution 61/295, annex.", "[13]  See Economic and Social Council resolution 2009/15.", "[14]  A/66/212.", "[15]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2237, No. 39574.", "[16]  Ibid., vol. 2241, No. 39574.", "[17]  Ibid., vol. 360, No. 5158.", "[18]  Ibid., vol. 989, No. 14458.", "[19]  Resolution 64/293.", "[20]  A/HRC/11/6.", "[21]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 596, No. 8638." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/64/455 and Corr.1)]", "Violence against women migrant workers", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling previous resolutions adopted by the General Assembly, the Commission on the Status of Women, the Commission on Human Rights and the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice on violence against women migrant workers and the Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women,", "Reaffirming the provisions on women migrant workers contained in the outcome documents of the World Conference on Human Rights, [2] International Conference on Population and Development, [3] the Fourth World Conference on Women, [4] the World Summit for Social Development [5] and its Review Conference,", "Welcoming the establishment of the United Nations Agency for the Promotion of Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (RUC), and expressing its wish to strengthen national efforts to increase access to economic empowerment for all women, including women migrant workers, in particular those most excluded, and to eliminate violence against women migrant workers, in accordance with the strategic plan 2011-2013 [6], as well as policy and programme efforts to prevent violence against women and girls and to expand access to services for survivors,", "Welcoming also the agreed conclusions adopted at the fifty-fifth session of the Commission on the Status of Women, [7] and noting in particular the commitment of the parties to implement gender-sensitive policies and programmes for women migrant workers, as appropriate, to ensure the legal protection of all women, including care workers, against violence and exploitation, the provision of safe, legitimate channels for the skills and education of women migrant workers and the recognition of fair labour conditions, and to promote their participation in productive employment and decent work and integration into the workforce,", "Recalling the discussions held during the High-level Dialogue on International Migration and Development held on 14 and 15 September 2006, which recognized, inter alia, the need for special protection of migrant women, and noting that another high-level dialogue would be held on the same theme in 2013,", "Welcoming the recommendations No. 189 and No. 201 adopted by the International Labour Conference at its 100th session on 16 June 2011 on the decent work of domestic workers, noting the importance of ensuring the early entry into force of Convention No. 189 and encouraging States to consider ratifying it, and encouraging States parties to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women [8] to take note of and consider general recommendation 26, [9] on women migrant workers, adopted by the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women in November 2008, 10] The State party notes and considers general comment No. 1 on migrant domestic workers adopted by the Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families in December 2010, [11] recognizing their complementarity and complementarity.", "Recognizing the increasing number of women joining the ranks of international migration, mainly driven by socio-economic factors, and the increased rate of migrant women calls for more gender-sensitive attention in all policies and efforts related to international migration,", "Emphasizing that all stakeholders, in particular countries of origin, transit and destination, relevant regional organizations and international organizations, the private sector and civil society, should share their responsibilities in promoting an environment to prevent and respond to violence against women migrant workers, including in the context of discrimination, and in this regard recognizing the need for joint collaboration at the national, bilateral, regional and international levels,", "Recognizing that women migrant workers, through their work, have an economic and social impact on countries of origin and destination, thus making important contributions to social and economic development, and stressing the value and dignity of women migrant workers, including domestic workers,", "Recognizing also that, at all stages of the migration process, women and their children are particularly vulnerable, starting from the decision to migrate, including transit, formal and informal employment and integration into the host country society, and during their return and reintegration into their countries of origin,", "Expressing deep concern at the continuing reports of severe abuse and violence against women and girls, including gender-based violence, domestic violence, racism and xenophobia, abuse of labour, exploitation of working conditions and contemporary forms of slavery, including all forms of forced labour,", "Recognizing that discrimination and stereotypes in the areas of gender, age, class and ethnicity are mixed and can exacerbate discrimination faced by women migrant workers and that gender-based violence is a form of discrimination,", "Reaffirming its commitment to the promotion and protection of the human rights of all women, including the protection and promotion of the human rights of indigenous women who migrate for work without discrimination, and noting in this regard the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples [the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples] 12] The importance attached to the elimination of all forms of violence and discrimination against indigenous women, as appropriate.", "Noting that the priority theme of the fifty-sixth session of the Commission on the Status of Women will be “The empowerment of rural women and the role of rural women in poverty eradication and hunger, development and current challenges”, and in this regard [13] recognize the role and contribution of rural women migrant workers to the eradication of poverty and their community development,", "Concerned at the particular vulnerability of many migrant women employed in the informal economy and engaged in technically low-technical work, stressing in this regard the obligation of States to protect the human rights of migrants, to prevent and respond to abuse and exploitation, and noting with concern that many women migrant workers work less than their capacities, while making them more vulnerable owing to the low remuneration for these work,", "Emphasizing the importance of objective, comprehensive and broad-based information, including data and statistics for research and analysis, disaggregated by sex and age, and gender-sensitive indicators, and the need to share widely the experiences and lessons learned by Member States and civil society in developing targeted policies and specific strategies for violence against women migrant workers, including in situations of discrimination,", "Recognizing that instruments such as falsification of documents or non-papers and marriage for migration may facilitate or facilitate the relocation of a large number of women migrant workers, and that instruments such as the Internet may play a catalytic role and that such women migrant workers are more vulnerable to abuse and exploitation,", "Recognizing the importance of exploring the links between migration and trafficking in persons with a view to further efforts to protect women migrant workers from violence, discrimination, exploitation and abuse,", "Encouraged by measures taken by some countries of destination to alleviate the plight of women migrant workers residing in their territories and to promote judicial assistance, such as the establishment of gender-sensitive mechanisms for the protection of migrant workers to facilitate their use of complaints mechanisms or assistance during legal proceedings,", "Emphasizing that relevant United Nations treaty bodies may play an important role in monitoring the implementation of human rights conventions and relevant special procedures, within their respective mandates, to address violence against women migrant workers and to protect and promote their human rights and well-being,", "Takes note with appreciation of the report of the Secretary-General;", "Encourages Member States to consider signing and ratifying or acceding to relevant International Labour Organization conventions and to consider signing and ratifying or acceding to the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families, the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, [16] the 1954 Convention on the Status of Stateless Persons and all other human rights treaties that contribute to the protection of the rights of women migrant workers, and encourages Member States to implement the United Nations Global Plan of Action against Trafficking in Persons;", "Takes note of the report of the Special Rapporteur of the Human Rights Council on violence against women and its causes and consequences, entitled “Political economic problems of women's human rights”, submitted to the Council at its eleventh session, [20] in particular her report on the various exploitation and violence faced by women migrant workers in the context of current global economic trends and crises;", "Encourages the United Nations Rapporteur on human rights issues relating to violence against women migrant workers to improve the collection and analysis of information in their respective mandates related to the ongoing challenges faced by women migrant workers, and encourages Governments to cooperate with the Special Rapporteur in this regard;", "Calls upon Governments, in accordance with their human rights obligations and commitments under human rights instruments, to incorporate gender-sensitive and people-centred perceptions into legislation, policies and programmes on international migration, labour and employment issues, to protect migrant women and to prevent them from being subjected to violence and discrimination, exploitation and abuse, and to take effective measures to ensure that these migration and labour policies do not contribute to discrimination and, where necessary, carry out impact assessment studies on such legislation, policies and programmes to identify measures taken and the impact of the results on women migrant workers;", "Also calls upon Governments to take or strengthen measures to protect the human rights of women migrant workers, irrespective of their immigration status, including the protection of the human rights of women migrant workers in employment policies for women migrant workers, and to consider expanding dialogue among States to explore ways to promote legal channels of migration, inter alia, by halting illegal migration, considering the incorporation of a gender perspective in immigration legislation to prevent discrimination and violence against women, including in relation to independent migration, revolving migration and temporary migration, and to consider allowing women migrant workers victims of violence to benefit from abuse of their employers or spouses, and to apply their own residence permits, in accordance with national legislation;", "Urges Governments to strengthen bilateral, regional, interregional and international cooperation to address violence against women migrant workers, with full respect for international law, including international human rights law, and to intensify their efforts to reduce the vulnerability of women migrant workers, and to facilitate effective access to justice and effective action in such areas as law enforcement, prosecution, prevention, capacity-building and victim protection and support, and to share information and good practices in combating violence and discrimination against women migrant workers, and to promote alternative sustainable development channels in countries of origin;", "Also urges Governments to take or strengthen measures to promote and protect the human rights of migrant girls, including unaccompanied girls, irrespective of their immigration status, taking into account the best interests of the child, and to prevent them from being subjected to labour and economic exploitation, discrimination, sexual harassment, violence and sexual abuse in their work at home;", "Also urges Governments to strongly encourage all stakeholders, in particular the private sector, including those involved in the employment of women migrant workers, to focus more and more vigorously on the prevention of violence against migrant women, in particular by promoting women's access to meaningful and gender-sensitive information and education, to understand, inter alia, the costs and benefits of migration, their rights and benefits in the countries of origin and employment, the overall conditions of employment, the procedures for legal migration, and to ensure that laws and policies applicable to recruits, employers and intermediaries promote respect for the human rights of migrant workers, in particular women workers;", "Encourages all States, in accordance with applicable national legislation, to remove obstacles that may impede the transparent, safe, unrestricted and expeditious transfer of remittances to their countries of origin or any other country, including, where appropriate, reducing transaction costs and implementing remittance, deposits and investment schemes that facilitate women's use, including through the diaspora's investment schemes, and, where appropriate, to consider measures to address other problems that may impede the access and management of their economic resources;", "Calls upon Governments to recognize the right of women migrant workers to emergency health care irrespective of immigration status and, in this regard, to ensure that women migrant workers are not discriminated against as a result of pregnancy and childbirth, and to reduce the vulnerability of migrant populations to HIV/AIDS, in accordance with national legislation, and to assist them in HIV prevention, treatment, care and support services;", "Urges States that have not yet done so to adopt and implement legislation and policies to protect all migrant women workers as soon as possible, including monitoring and inspection measures in accordance with applicable International Labour Organization conventions and other instruments, and to strengthen them, as necessary, to ensure compliance with international obligations, and to grant migrant domestic women migrant workers access to mechanisms that are gender-sensitive and transparent in their functioning, to lodge complaints against employers, stresses that such legislation and policies should not punish women migrant workers, and calls upon States to investigate and punish all human rights violations promptly;", "Calls upon Governments, in cooperation with international organizations, non-governmental organizations, the private sector and other stakeholders, to provide emergency, comprehensive assistance and protection to women migrant workers victims of violence in accordance with their national legislation, in accordance with relevant international human rights instruments and applicable conventions, and to provide, where possible, culturally and linguisticly appropriate and gender-sensitive services, irrespective of their immigration status;", "Also calls upon Governments, in particular the Governments of countries of origin and destination, to enact penal sanctions, punish perpetrators of violence against women migrant workers and interpersons, and to establish victims that can be effectively used and considered and gender-sensitive remedies and judicial mechanisms, including other measures to enable victims to access court sites where possible, and to protect women migrant workers victims of violence, including those who are no longer victims of violence;", "Urges States to take effective measures to put an end to the arbitrary arrest and detention of women migrant workers and to take action to prevent the unlawful deprivation of liberty of women migrant workers by individuals or groups in any form, and to punish such acts;", "Encourages Governments to develop and implement training programmes targeting national law enforcement officials, immigration officers and border control personnel, diplomatic and consular officers, prosecutors and service providers, with a view to enabling staff in these public sectors to be sensitized to violence against women migrant workers and to help them have the necessary skills and attitudes to ensure appropriate professional interventions that are gender-sensitive;", "Also encourages Governments to advocate for coherence between migration, labour and anti-can policies and programmes involving women migrant workers in order to ensure the protection of the human rights of women migrant workers throughout the migrants and to intensify efforts to prevent violence against women migrant workers, prosecute perpetrators and protect and support victims and their families;", "Calls upon States, in accordance with article [21] of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, to notify her of the rights in this regard by the competent authorities of their jurisdiction upon request of women migrant workers of their arrest or imprisonment, or their detention in other ways, in accordance with the provisions of article XVI of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, and, at the request of women migrant workers, to notify their consulates in their countries of origin promptly;", "Invites the United Nations system and other relevant intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations to cooperate with Governments, within existing resources, in order to better understand the issues of women and international migration and to better collect, disseminate and analyse data and information disaggregated by sex and age, in order to assist in the development of migration and labour policies, in particular gender-sensitive and able to protect human rights, to assist in policy assessment and to continue to support national efforts to eliminate violence against women migrant workers in a coordinated manner, in order to ensure effective implementation of policies, enhance their impact and enhance their positive impact on women migrant workers;", "Encourages Governments, in developing their national policies on women migrant workers, to follow up on the latest relevant data and analytical results by sex, and to consult closely with women migrant workers and relevant stakeholders throughout the policy development process; also encourages Governments to ensure that the process is adequately resourced and that the policies generated are measurable goals and targets, timetables and monitoring and accountability measures, in particular those aimed at implementing them by hiring institutions, employers and government officials, and to provide for impact assessments and to ensure multisectoral coordination among them through appropriate mechanisms.", "Encourages the Governments concerned, in particular those of countries of origin, transit and destination, to use the expertise of the United Nations, including the Statistics Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the Secretariat and the knowledge expertise of the doctors, to develop and strengthen appropriate national data collection, analysis and dissemination methods for the generation of comparable data on violence against women migrant workers at all stages of the process and to establish relevant tracking reporting systems, in addition to:", "(a) Further study of violence against women, including violence against migrant workers, at the expense of women themselves, their families and their communities;", "(b) Analysis of opportunities available to women migrant workers and their impact on development;", "(c) Support the improvement of macroeconomic data on remittances in order to properly develop and implement policies;", "Requests the Secretary-General to submit a comprehensive and analytical thematic report to the General Assembly at its sixty-eighth session, taking into account the latest information provided by the organizations of the United Nations system, in particular the International Labour Organization, the United Nations Development Programme, the hospitality and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, as well as the reports of special rapporteurs on the situation of women migrant workers and other relevant sources, including non-governmental organizations, on violence against women migrant workers and on the implementation of the present resolution, in particular women migrant workers, with a focus on the impact of various legislation, policies and programmes on women migrant workers.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "See resolution 48/104.", "[2] A/CONF.157/24 (Part I) and Corr.1, chap.", "[3] Report of the International Conference on Population and Development, Cairo, 5-13 September 1994 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.95.XIII.18), chap. I, resolution 1, annex.", "[4] Report of the Fourth World Conference on Women, Beijing, 4-15 September 1995 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.96.IV.13), chap. I, resolution 1, annexes I and II.", "[5] Report of the World Summit for Social Development, Copenhagen, 6-12 March 1995 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.96.IV.8), chap. I, resolution 1, annexes I and II.", "[6] UNWhil9.", "[7] See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 2011, Supplement No. 7 (E/63/227), chap. I, sect.", "[8] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1249, No. 20378.", "[9] Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-fourth Session, Supplement No. 38 (A/64/38), part I, decision 42/I.", "[10] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2220, No. 39481.", "[11] CMW/C/GC/1.", "[12] Resolution 61/295, annex.", "See Economic and Social Council resolution 2009/15.", "[14] A/statement 12.", "[15] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2237, No. 39574.", "Ibid., vol. 2241, No. 39574.", "[17] Ibid., vol. 360, No. 5158.", "[18] Ibid., vol. 989, No. 14458.", "[19] Resolution 64293.", "[20] A/HRC/11/6.", "[21] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 596, No. 8638." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/455和Corr.1)通过]", "66/129. 改善农村地区妇女的境况", "大会，", "回顾其2001年12月19日第56/129号、2003年12月22日第58/146号、2005年12月16日第60/138号、2007年12月18日第62/136号和2009年12月18日第64/140号决议，", "欢迎妇女地位委员会决定在其2012年第五十六届会议上审议增强农村妇女权能以及农村妇女在消除贫穷和饥饿、谋求发展和应对当前挑战方面的作用的问题，将此作为一个优先主题，", "确认农村妇女是减贫的重要推动力量，她们对于确保贫穷、弱势家庭实现粮食和营养安全以及促成环境可持续性而言至关重要，而且在其他方面，她们也是实现所有千年发展目标的关键；关切地注意到农村妇女很少能够获得经济资源与机会，很少能够或无法获得土地、水和其他资源，很少能够或无法获得贷款、技术推广和农业投入，不能参与规划和决策，而且承受着不成比例的无偿护理工作负担，因而继续在经济和社会上处于不利地位，", "1. 注意到秘书长的报告；[1]", "2. 敦促会员国酌情与联合国各组织和民间社会合作，继续努力落实联合国相关主要会议和首脑会议的成果，包括这些会议的审查成果，确保采取统筹协调的后续行动，除其他外通过下列途径，在国家、区域和全球发展战略中更加重视改善包括土著妇女在内的农村妇女的境况：", "(a) 创造一个有利于改善农村妇女境况的环境，并确保系统地注意她们的需要、优先事项和贡献，途径包括加强合作及引入性别视角，让她们充分参与拟订、执行和进一步落实以包括千年发展目标在内国际商定发展目标为基础的宏观经济政策，包括发展政策与方案及消除贫穷战略，包括现有的减贫战略文件；", "(b) 致力于在政治和社会经济上增强农村妇女的权能，支持农村妇女充分而平等地参与各级决策，途径包括酌情采取平权行动以及支持倡导农村妇女权利的妇女组织、工会和其他协会及民间社会团体；", "(c) 在拟订、发展和实施两性平等和农村发展方案和战略方面，通过包括土著妇女和残疾妇女在内的农村妇女组织和网络，促进与这些妇女的协商，并促进她们参与这些工作；", "(d) 确保考虑到农村妇女的观点，并确保她们参与拟订、执行、进一步落实和评价与紧急情况有关的政策和活动，包括与自然灾害、人道主义援助、建设和平和冲突后重建有关的政策和活动，同时在这方面采取适当措施，消除一切形式歧视农村妇女的行为；", "(e) 将性别观点纳入包括预算政策在内各种发展政策和方案的拟订、执行、评价和后续跟进中，更加注意农村妇女的需要，以确保她们受惠于在各个领域制定的政策和方案，并确保减少过高的农村贫穷妇女人数；", "(f) 加强措施，包括汇集资源，以加快实现关于改善产妇保健的千年发展目标5，为此应满足农村妇女的特殊保健需要，采取具体措施，提供并增加农村地区妇女获得可达到的最高标准健康的机会，普及高质量、付得起的初级保健和支持服务，包括在性健康和生殖健康所涉各领域，例如产前和产后保健、产科急诊护理、计划生育信息以及对预防包括艾滋病毒/艾滋病在内性传播疾病的强化了解、认识和支助；", "(g) 促进建立可持续基础设施，提供安全、清洁饮用水和卫生设备以及提倡安全烹饪和取暖做法，以改善农村妇女与儿童的健康；", "(h) 投资开展并加强从事各种工作，以满足农村妇女的基本需求，包括与她们及其家人粮食和营养安全有关的需求，并促进她们的适当生活标准及体面工作条件以及进入地方、区域和全球市场的机会，并为此确保她们更有机会获得、接触及使用诸如能源和运输等关键农村基础设施、科学与技术和地方服务，推行能力建设和人力资源开发措施，提供安全可靠的供水和卫生设施，实施营养方案、负担得起的住房方案、教育和识字方案以及采取医疗卫生和社会支持措施，包括在性健康和生殖健康以及艾滋病毒/艾滋病预防、治疗、包括社会心理等各方面护理及支助服务等领域；", "(i) 拟订并执行促进和保护农村妇女和女孩享受所有人权和基本自由的国家政策，创造一种不容忍包括家庭暴力、性暴力和所有其他形式性别暴力在内侵犯或损害妇女和女孩权利行为的环境；", "(j) 确保考虑到农村地区老年妇女有权平等受益于基本社会服务及适当社会保护/社会保障措施，平等获得和控制经济资源，并通过提供金融服务和基础设施服务增强老年妇女的能力，特别注重支持包括土著妇女在内的老年妇女，因为她们往往很难获得资源，处境更加脆弱；", "(k) 增进农村地区残疾妇女和残疾女孩的权利，包括确保她们平等获得生产性就业和体面工作、经济和金融资源以及考虑到残疾因素的基础设施和服务，尤其是与保健和教育相关的服务，并确保通过让她们参与决策过程等途径，将她们的优先问题和需要充分纳入政策和方案；", "(l) 制订具体的援助方案，提供咨询服务，以提高农村妇女在银行业务、现代贸易和财政程序方面的经济技能，并向更多的农村地区妇女尤其是女性家庭户主提供小额信贷和其他金融及商业服务，以增强她们的经济能力；", "(m) 调动资源，包括在国家一级和通过官方发展援助调动资源，使妇女有更多机会利用现有的储蓄和贷款计划，以及利用为妇女提供资金、知识和工具以加强其经济能力的定向方案；", "(n) 把增加农村妇女就业机会纳入所有国际和国家发展战略和减贫战略，其途径除其他外包括扩大非农业就业机会，改善工作条件，增加取得生产性资源的机会；", "(o) 投资于基础设施以及能节省时间和劳力的技术，特别是在农村地区，通过减轻妇女和女孩家务劳动负担、为女孩提供上学机会、为妇女提供自营职业或进入劳动力市场的机会，使她们受益；", "(p) 采取步骤，确保人们承认妇女所做的无酬工作和对农务生产及非农务生产的贡献，包括在非正规经济部门创造的收入，并支持农村妇女获得非农业有薪就业，改善工作条件，增加取得生产性资源的机会；", "(q) 推广各项旨在使农村妇女和男子能够兼顾工作和家庭责任并鼓励男子与妇女平等分担家务、育儿和其他照顾责任的方案和服务；", "(r) 制订战略以降低妇女受环境因素影响的可能性，同时增进农村妇女在保护环境方面的作用；", "(s) 考虑酌情颁布国内立法，保护土著妇女和当地社区妇女对于传统药物、生物多样性和本地技术的知识、创新和做法；", "(t) 解决缺乏及时、可靠、按性别分列的数据的问题，途径包括加紧努力将妇女的无酬工作纳入官方统计中，以及确立一个关于农村妇女的系统化可比较研究基础，以辅助做出政策和方案决定；", "(u) 加强各国统计部门收集、分析和散发按性别分列的可比数据(包括时间利用方面数据)以及农村地区性别统计数字的能力，以此为基础，在农村地区进行注重性别问题的政策设计和战略拟订；", "(v) 拟订、修改和实施法律，确保给予农村妇女拥有和租用土地及其他财产的充分、平等权利，包括保障平等继承权，并实施行政改革和采取一切必要措施，在获取信贷、资本、适当技术以及进入市场和利用信息方面使妇女享有与男子相同的权利，以及确保平等获得司法救助和法律支助；", "(w) 支持建立一个对性别问题有敏感认识的教育制度，顾及农村妇女的具体需求，以消除对她们产生影响的性别成见和歧视倾向，包括通过让妇女和男子以及女孩和男孩一道参与社区对话；", "(x) 使用费用不高、合适的技术和大众媒介，促进开展面向农村妇女和农耕妇女的教育、培训和相关宣传方案；", "(y) 在获得联合国各相关机构技术援助的同时，通过实施培训方案以及发展和推广各种方法和工具等途径，增强从事国家发展战略、农村发展、农业发展、消除贫穷和千年发展目标落实工作的人员的能力，以查明和应对农村妇女所面临的挑战和制约因素；", "3. 大力鼓励会员国、联合国各实体和所有其他相关利益攸关方采取措施，包括制定加强两性平等和赋权妇女的立法、政策和方案，以查明和应对当前全球危机对农村地区妇女的任何负面影响；", "4. 请联合国系统各相关组织和机构，特别是处理发展问题的组织和机构，在各自方案与战略中探讨和支持增强农村妇女权能并满足其具体需求；", "5. 强调有必要确定最佳做法，以确保农村妇女有机会使用信息和通信技术并能充分参与这一领域的活动，将农村妇女和女孩作为信息的积极使用者来处理她们的优先问题和需要，确保她们参与制订和执行全球、区域和国家各级信息通信技术战略，同时采取适当的教育措施以消除技术领域针对妇女的性别成见；", "6. 吁请缔约国在制订着重改善农村妇女境况的政策与方案时，包括在与相关国际组织合作拟订和执行政策与方案时，考虑消除对妇女歧视委员会就会员国提交委员会的报告提出的结论意见和建议；", "7. 邀请各国政府推动在经济上增强农村妇女的权能，实施注重性别平等的农村发展战略，包括实施预算框架和相关评估措施，并确保有系统地处理农村妇女和女孩的需求和优先问题，确保她们能切实为减轻贫穷、消除饥饿及实现粮食和营养安全作贡献；", "8. 鼓励各国政府和各国际组织将农村地区妇女包括土著妇女的观点纳入定于2012年6月20日至22日在巴西里约热内卢举行的联合国可持续发展会议的筹备工作和成果之中，以加快农村地区实现性别平等和妇女赋权的步伐；", "9. 请各国政府、相关国际组织和专门机构继续在每年10月15日举办活动，纪念大会第62/136号决议宣布的国际农村妇女日；", "10. 请秘书长向大会第六十八届会议报告本决议的执行情况。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] A/66/181。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/455 and Corr.1)]", "66/129. Improvement of the situation of women in rural areas", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 56/129 of 19 December 2001, 58/146 of 22 December 2003, 60/138 of 16 December 2005, 62/136 of 18 December 2007 and 64/140 of 18 December 2009,", "Welcoming the decision of the Commission on the Status of Women to consider the empowerment of rural women and their role in poverty and hunger eradication, development and current challenges as its priority theme at its fifty‑sixth session, in 2012,", "Recognizing that rural women are critical agents in poverty reduction, that they are crucial to the achievement of food and nutritional security in poor and vulnerable households and to environmental sustainability and that, in other ways, they are also critical to the achievement of all the Millennium Development Goals, and concerned that rural women continue to be economically and socially disadvantaged because of their limited access to economic resources and opportunities, their limited or lack of access to land, water and other resources, their limited or lack of access to credit, extension services and agricultural inputs, their exclusion from planning and decision‑making and their disproportionate burden of unpaid care work,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary‑General;[1]", "2. Urges Member States, in collaboration with the organizations of the United Nations and civil society, as appropriate, to continue their efforts to implement the outcome of and to ensure an integrated and coordinated follow‑up to the relevant United Nations conferences and summits, including their reviews, and to attach greater importance to the improvement of the situation of rural women, including indigenous women, in their national, regional and global development strategies by, inter alia:", "(a) Creating an enabling environment for improving the situation of rural women and ensuring systematic attention to their needs, priorities and contributions, including through enhanced cooperation and a gender perspective, and their full participation in the development, implementation and follow‑up of macroeconomic policies, including development policies and programmes and poverty eradication strategies, including poverty reduction strategy papers, where they exist, based on internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals;", "(b) Pursuing the political and socioeconomic empowerment of rural women and supporting their full and equal participation in decision‑making at all levels, including through affirmative action, where appropriate, and support for women’s organizations, labour unions or other associations and civil society groups promoting rural women’s rights;", "(c) Promoting consultation with and the participation of rural women, including indigenous women and women with disabilities, through their organizations and networks, in the design, development and implementation of gender equality and rural development programmes and strategies;", "(d) Ensuring that perspectives of rural women are taken into account and that they participate in the design, implementation, follow‑up and evaluation of policies and activities related to emergencies, including natural disasters, humanitarian assistance, peacebuilding and post‑conflict reconstruction, and taking appropriate measures to eliminate all forms of discrimination against rural women in this regard;", "(e) Integrating a gender perspective into the design, implementation and evaluation of and follow‑up to development policies and programmes, including budget policies, paying increased attention to the needs of rural women so as to ensure that they benefit from policies and programmes adopted in all spheres and that the disproportionate number of rural women living in poverty is reduced;", "(f) Strengthening measures, including resource generation, to accelerate progress towards the achievement of Millennium Development Goal 5 on improving maternal health by addressing the specific health needs of rural women and taking concrete measures to enhance and provide access to the highest attainable standards of health for women in rural areas, as well as quality, affordable and universally accessible primary health care and support services, including in such areas of sexual and reproductive health as prenatal and postnatal health care, emergency obstetric care, family planning information and increasing knowledge, awareness and support for the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS;", "(g) Promoting sustainable infrastructure, access to safe and clean drinking water and sanitation and safe cooking and heating practices, to improve the health of rural women and children;", "(h) Investing in and strengthening efforts to meet the basic needs of rural women, including needs relating to their food and nutritional security and that of their families, and to promote adequate standards of living for them as well as decent conditions for work and access to local, regional and global markets through improved availability, access to and use of critical rural infrastructure, such as energy and transport, science and technology, local services, capacity‑building and human resources development measures and the provision of a safe and reliable water supply and sanitation, nutritional programmes, affordable housing programmes, education and literacy programmes, and health and social support measures, including in the areas of sexual and reproductive health, and HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment, care, including psychosocial aspects, and support services;", "(i) Designing and implementing national policies that promote and protect the enjoyment by rural women and girls of all human rights and fundamental freedoms and creating an environment that does not tolerate violations or abuses of their rights, including domestic violence, sexual violence and all other forms of gender‑based violence;", "(j) Ensuring that the rights of older women in rural areas are taken into account with regard to their equal access to basic social services, appropriate social protection/social security measures, equal access to and control of economic resources, and empowerment of older women through access to financial and infrastructure services, with special focus on support to older women, including indigenous women, who often have access to few resources and are more vulnerable;", "(k) Promoting the rights of women and girls with disabilities in rural areas, including by ensuring access on an equal basis to productive employment and decent work, economic and financial resources and disability‑sensitive infrastructure and services, in particular in relation to health and education, as well as by ensuring that their priorities and needs are fully incorporated into policies and programmes, inter alia, through their participation in decision‑making processes;", "(l) Developing specific assistance programmes and advisory services to promote economic skills of rural women in banking, modern trading and financial procedures, and providing microcredit and other financial and business services to a greater number of women in rural areas, in particular female heads of households, for their economic empowerment;", "(m) Mobilizing resources, including at the national level and through official development assistance, for increasing women’s access to existing savings and credit schemes, as well as targeted programmes that provide women with capital, knowledge and tools that enhance their economic capacities;", "(n) Integrating increased employment opportunities for rural women into all international and national development strategies and poverty eradication strategies, including by, inter alia, expanding non‑agricultural employment opportunities, improving working conditions and increasing access to productive resources;", "(o) Investing in infrastructure and in time‑ and labour‑saving technologies, especially in rural areas, benefiting women and girls by reducing their burden of domestic activities, affording the opportunity for girls to attend school and women to engage in self‑employment or participate in the labour market;", "(p) Taking steps towards ensuring that women’s unpaid work and contributions to on‑farm and off‑farm production, including income generated in the informal sector, are recognized, and supporting remunerative non‑agricultural employment of rural women, improving working conditions and increasing access to productive resources;", "(q) Promoting programmes and services to enable rural women and men to reconcile their work and family responsibilities and to encourage men to share, equally with women, household, childcare and other care responsibilities;", "(r) Developing strategies to decrease women’s vulnerability to environmental factors while promoting rural women’s role in protecting the environment;", "(s) Considering the adoption, where appropriate, of national legislation to protect the knowledge, innovations and practices of women in indigenous and local communities relating to traditional medicines, biodiversity and indigenous technologies;", "(t) Addressing the lack of timely, reliable and sex‑disaggregated data, including by intensifying efforts to include women’s unpaid work in official statistics, and developing a systematic and comparative research base on rural women that will inform policy and programme decisions;", "(u) Strengthening the capacity of national statistical offices to collect, analyse and disseminate comparable sex‑disaggregated data, including on time use, and gender statistics in rural areas to serve as a basis for gender‑responsive policy design and strategy development in rural areas;", "(v) Designing, revising and implementing laws to ensure that rural women are accorded full and equal rights to own and lease land and other property, including through the equal right to inheritance, and undertaking administrative reforms and all necessary measures to give women the same right as men to credit, capital, appropriate technologies and access to markets and information, and to ensure equal access to justice and legal support;", "(w) Supporting a gender‑sensitive education system that considers the specific needs of rural women in order to eliminate gender stereotypes and discriminatory tendencies affecting them, including through community‑based dialogue involving women and men, and girls and boys;", "(x) Promoting education, training and relevant information programmes for rural and farming women through the use of affordable and appropriate technologies and the mass media;", "(y) Developing the capacity of personnel working in the areas of national development strategies, rural development, agricultural development, poverty eradication and implementation of the Millennium Development Goals to identify and address the challenges and constraints facing rural women, including through training programmes and the development and dissemination of methodologies and tools, while acknowledging technical assistance of relevant United Nations agencies;", "3. Strongly encourages Member States, United Nations entities and all other relevant stakeholders to take measures to identify and address any negative impact of the current global crises on women in rural areas, including on legislation, policies and programmes that strengthen gender equality and the empowerment of women;", "4. Requests the relevant organizations and bodies of the United Nations system, in particular those dealing with issues of development, to address and support the empowerment of rural women and their specific needs in their programmes and strategies;", "5. Stresses the need to identify the best practices for ensuring that rural women have access to and full participation in the area of information and communications technology, to address the priorities and needs of rural women and girls as active users of information and to ensure their participation in developing and implementing global, regional and national information and communications technology strategies, taking appropriate educational measures to eliminate gender stereotypes regarding women in the field of technology;", "6. Calls upon Member States to consider the concluding observations and recommendations of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women concerning their reports to the Committee when formulating policies and designing programmes focused on the improvement of the situation of rural women, including those to be developed and implemented in cooperation with relevant international organizations;", "7. Invites Governments to promote the economic empowerment of rural women, to adopt gender‑responsive rural development strategies, including budget framework and relevant assessment measures, and to ensure that the needs and priorities of rural women and girls are systematically addressed and that they can effectively contribute to poverty alleviation, hunger eradication and food and nutritional security;", "8. Encourages Governments and international organizations to integrate the perspective of women in rural areas, including indigenous women, into the preparations for and outcome of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, to be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20 to 22 June 2012, with a view to accelerating progress on gender equality and women’s empowerment in rural areas;", "9. Invites Governments, relevant international organizations and the specialized agencies to continue to observe the International Day of Rural Women annually, on 15 October, as proclaimed by the General Assembly in its resolution 62/136;", "10. Requests the Secretary‑General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty‑eighth session on the implementation of the present resolution.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  A/66/181." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/64/455 and Corr.1)]", "Improving the situation of women in rural areas", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 56/129 of 19 December 2001, 58/146 of 22 December 2003, 60/138 of 16 December 2005, 62/136 of 18 December 2007 and 64/1 of 18 December 2009,", "Welcoming the decision of the Commission on the Status of Women to consider at its fifty-sixth session, in 2012, the empowerment of rural women and the role of rural women in eradicating poverty and hunger, pursuing development and responding to the current challenges as a priority theme,", "Recognizing that rural women are an important driving force for poverty reduction and that they are essential to ensuring that poor, vulnerable households achieve food and nutrition security and environmental sustainability, and that they are also key to the achievement of all the Millennium Development Goals, noting with concern that rural women have little access to economic resources and opportunities and that they have little or no access to land, water and other resources, that they have little or no access to credit, technology extension and agricultural inputs, cannot be involved in planning and decision-making, and that the burden of unpaid care continues to be disadvantaged in the economic and social context,", "Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General;", "Urges Member States, in cooperation with United Nations organizations and civil society, as appropriate, to continue their efforts to implement the outcomes of the relevant major United Nations conferences and summits, including the review of the outcomes of those conferences and summits, and to ensure integrated and coordinated follow-up, inter alia, through national, regional and global development strategies to pay greater attention to the improvement of the situation of rural women, including indigenous women:", "(a) Create an environment conducive to the improvement of the situation of rural women and ensure systematic attention to their needs, priorities and contributions, including through enhanced cooperation and the introduction of a gender perspective, enabling them to participate fully in the formulation, implementation and further implementation of macroeconomic policies based on the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, including development policies and programmes and poverty eradication strategies, including existing poverty reduction strategy papers;", "(b) To promote the empowerment of rural women in the political and social economy and to support the full and equal participation of rural women in decision-making at all levels, including through affirmative action, as appropriate, and support for women's organizations, trade unions and other associations and civil society groups advocating for the rights of rural women;", "(c) Promote consultation with these women and promote their participation in the formulation, development and implementation of gender equality and rural development programmes and strategies, including through rural women's organizations and networks, including indigenous women and women with disabilities;", "(d) Ensure that rural women's perspectives are taken into account and that they participate in the formulation, implementation, further implementation and evaluation of policies and activities related to emergencies, including policies and activities related to natural disasters, humanitarian assistance, peacebuilding and post-conflict reconstruction, while taking appropriate measures to eliminate all forms of discrimination against rural women;", "(e) Greater attention to the needs of rural women in the formulation, implementation, evaluation and follow-up of development policies and programmes, including budget policies, to ensure that they benefit from policies and programmes in all areas and to ensure that the number of women living in rural areas is reduced;", "(f) Strengthen measures, including pooling of resources to accelerate the achievement of Millennium Development Goal 5 on improving maternal health, to address the special health needs of rural women, to take concrete measures to provide and increase access to the highest attainable standard of health for women in rural areas, to achieve quality, affordable primary health care and support services, including in the areas of sexual and reproductive health, such as prenatal and post-natal health care, emergency obstetric care, family planning information and enhanced understanding, awareness and support for the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS;", "(g) Promote sustainable infrastructure, provision of safe, clean drinking water and sanitation equipment, and promotion of safe cooking and heating practices to improve the health of rural women and children;", "(h) To invest in and strengthen efforts to meet the basic needs of rural women, including those related to their food and nutrition security, and to promote their appropriate living standards and decent work conditions, as well as access to local, regional and global markets, and to that end to ensure their access to, access and use of key rural infrastructure, science and technology and local services, such as energy and transport, the implementation of capacity-building and human resources development measures, the provision of safe water and sanitation, the implementation of nutrition programmes, affordable housing programmes, education and literacy programmes and health and social support, including in the areas of HIV/AIDS prevention, and care services;", "(i) Develop and implement national policies for the promotion and protection of the enjoyment by rural women and girls of all human rights and fundamental freedoms and create an environment conducive to intolerance, including domestic violence, sexual violence and all other forms of gender-based violence, or undermine the rights of women and girls;", "(j) Ensure that older women in rural areas have equal access to basic social services and adequate social protection/social security measures, equal access to and control of economic resources, and enhance the capacity of older women through the provision of financial services and infrastructure services, with particular emphasis on supporting older women, including indigenous women, who often have difficulties in accessing resources and are more vulnerable;", "(k) Promote the rights of women with disabilities and girls with disabilities in rural areas, including ensuring their equal access to productive employment and decent work, economic and financial resources, and infrastructure and services that take into account disability considerations, in particular those related to health and education, and ensure that their priority issues and needs are fully integrated into policies and programmes through their participation in decision-making processes;", "(l) Develop specific assistance programmes to provide advisory services to increase the economic skills of rural women in banking, modern trade and fiscal processes and to provide microcredit and other financial and commercial services to women in rural areas, in particular female heads of households, in order to enhance their economic capacities;", "(m) Mobilization of resources, including at the national level and through official development assistance, to increase women's access to existing savings and credit schemes, as well as targeted programmes that make funding, knowledge and tools available for women to strengthen their economic capacities;", "(n) Integrate employment opportunities for rural women into all international and national development strategies and poverty reduction strategies through, inter alia, expanding non-agricultural employment opportunities, improving working conditions and increasing access to productive resources;", "(o) Investing in infrastructure and in skills that can save time and labour, especially in rural areas, to benefit women by mitigating the burden of domestic work for women and girls, providing girls with school opportunities, providing them with self-employment or access to the labour market;", "(p) Take steps to ensure that women recognize unpaid work and contribute to agricultural production and non-agricultural production, including income generated by the informal economy, and support rural women in accessing non-agricultural employment, improving working conditions and increasing access to productive resources;", "(q) Promote programmes and services aimed at enabling rural women and men to reconcile their work and family responsibilities and encourage men to share their responsibilities with women in household work, childcare and other care responsibilities;", "(r) Develop strategies to reduce the likelihood of women being affected by environmental factors, while enhancing the role of rural women in the protection of the environment;", "(s) Consider enacting domestic legislation, as appropriate, to protect the knowledge, innovation and practices of indigenous women and local communities on traditional medicines, biodiversity and local technologies;", "(t) Address the lack of timely, reliable and sex-disaggregated data by intensifying efforts to integrate unpaid work of women into official statistics and by establishing a comparative research basis for rural women to support policy and programme decisions;", "(u) Strengthen the capacity of national statistical offices to collect, analyse and disseminate sex-disaggregated comparable data (including time-use data) and gender statistics in rural areas on the basis of gender-sensitive policy design and strategy formulation in rural areas;", "(v) Develop, modify and implement laws to ensure full and equal rights for rural women to own and rent land and other property, including guaranteeing equal inheritance rights, and implementing administrative reforms and all necessary measures to give women the same rights as men in accessing credit, capital, appropriate technology and market access information, and ensuring equal access to justice and legal support;", "(w) Support the establishment of a gender-sensitive education system that takes into account the specific needs of rural women in order to eliminate gender stereotypes and discriminatory tendencies affecting them, including through the participation of women and men and girls and boys in community dialogue;", "(x) Promote education, training and related sensitization programmes for rural women and farming women through the use of costly, appropriate technology and mass media;", "(y) Enhance the capacity of personnel involved in national development strategies, rural development, agricultural development, poverty eradication and the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals, while receiving technical assistance from relevant United Nations agencies, to identify and respond to the challenges and constraints faced by rural women;", "Strongly encourages Member States, United Nations entities and all other relevant stakeholders to take measures, including legislation, policies and programmes to strengthen gender equality and empower women, to identify and respond to any negative impact of the current global crisis on women in rural areas;", "Requests the relevant organizations and bodies of the United Nations system, in particular those dealing with development issues, to explore and support the empowerment and specific needs of rural women in their programmes and strategies;", "Emphasizes the need to identify best practices to ensure that rural women have the opportunity to use information and communications technology and are fully involved in activities in this field, to address their priorities and needs as active users of information, to ensure their participation in the formulation and implementation of information and communications technology strategies at the global, regional and country levels, and to take appropriate educational measures to eliminate gender stereotypes in the technical sphere;", "Calls upon the State party to consider the concluding observations and recommendations of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women on the reports of Member States to the Committee, when designing policies and programmes focusing on improving the situation of rural women, including in cooperation with relevant international organizations;", "Invites Governments to promote the economic empowerment of rural women and to implement gender-sensitive rural development strategies, including the implementation of the budget framework and related assessment measures, and to ensure that they effectively contribute to poverty reduction, hunger eradication and food and nutrition security;", "Encourages Governments and international organizations to incorporate the views of women in rural areas, including indigenous women, into the preparations and results of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, to be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20 to 22 June 2012, in order to accelerate progress towards gender equality and the empowerment of women in rural areas;", "Invites Governments, relevant international organizations and specialized agencies to continue their activities on 15 October each year to commemorate the International Day of Rural Women, proclaimed by the General Assembly in its resolution 62/136;", "Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-eighth session on the implementation of the present resolution.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "Abel 81." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/455和Corr.1)通过]", "66/130. 妇女与政治参与", "大会，", "重申各国有义务按照《联合国宪章》的规定，依循各项人权文书的宗旨和原则，促进和保护人权和基本自由，", "又重申《世界人权宣言》，[1] 其中规定人人有直接或通过自由挑选的代表参与治理本国的权利以及有平等机会参加本国公务的权利，", "遵循《消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约》，[2] 其中申明世界各地妇女的人权和基本自由及平等并特别指出各缔约国应采取一切适当措施消除本国政治和公共生活中针对妇女的歧视，", "重申《北京宣言》和《行动纲要》[3] 及题为“2000年妇女：二十一世纪两性平等、发展与和平”的大会第二十三次特别会议的成果，[4]", "确认联合国促进性别平等和增强妇女权能署(妇女署)在领导和协调联合国系统内部行动以促进性别平等和增强妇女权能方面以及在支持所有国家努力促进性别平等和增强妇女权能方面，起着中心作用，", "又确认妇女对许多国家建立有代表性、透明和问责的政府作出的重要贡献，", "强调妇女在和平及冲突时期等各种情况中以及在政治过渡各个阶段的政治参与至关重要，关切仍有许多障碍阻挡妇女在与男子平等的条件下参与政治生活，并在这方面注意到政治过渡可为消除这些障碍提供一个独特的机会，", "确认世界各地妇女正继续为以下方面作出重要贡献：实现和维持国际和平与安全及充分实现所有人权，促进可持续发展和经济增长，消除贫穷、饥饿和疾病，", "重申妇女在与男子平等的条件下积极参与各级决策，对实现平等、可持续发展、和平和民主至关重要，", "高度关切世界每个地方都有妇女仍基本处于政治生活边缘的状态，其原因常常在于歧视性的法律、惯例、态度和性别成见，教育程度低下，得不到医疗保健以及妇女受贫穷影响尤其严重，", "确认必须通过关于政府、公共政策、经济、公民事务、信息技术和科学等领域的教育和培训来增强所有妇女的权能，以确保她们获得为社会和政治进程作出充分贡献所需的知识和技能，", "重申根据安全理事会2000年10月31日第1325(2000)号及其后续各项决议以及其他相关的联合国决议，妇女在预防和解决冲突及建设和平方面有着重要作用，会员国和联合国系统有必要加强妇女在有关预防和解决冲突以及重建冲突后社会的决策方面的作用，", "赞赏地注意到人权理事会设立了关于在法律和实践中歧视妇女问题工作组，", "1. 重申大会2003年12月22日关于妇女与政治参与的第58/142号决议，促请各国贯彻执行该决议；", "2. 促请各国消除以歧视性方式阻碍或限制妇女参与政治进程的法律、条例和惯例；", "3. 又促请各国加强妇女的政治参与，加快实现男女平等，并在包括政治过渡在内的所有情形中促进和保护以下各方面的妇女人权：", "(a) 参与政治活动；", "(b) 参与公共事务；", "(c) 自由结社；", "(d) 和平集会；", "(e) 自由表达意见并寻求、接受及传递信息和思想；", "(f) 在与男子平等的基础上，在选举和公民投票中投票并有资格参选进入民选机构；", "(g) 在各级政府中参与政府政策的制定和执行，担任公职，并履行公务；", "4. 促请处于政治过渡情形中的国家采取有效步骤，确保妇女与男子平等参与政治改革各个阶段，从决定是否需改革现有机构，到就过渡政府作出决定，到制定政府政策，到确定选举新民主政府的手段；", "5. 敦促各国充分履行根据《消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约》² 所承担的义务，敦促尚未批准或加入该公约的国家批准或加入该公约，并敦促公约缔约国考虑签署、批准或加入该公约的《任择议定书》；[5]", "6. 又敦促所有国家尤其采取下列行动以确保妇女的平等参与，并鼓励联合国系统及其他国际和区域组织在各自现有授权范围内，更大力协助各国开展本国努力：", "(a) 审查其各种选举制度对妇女在民选机构中的政治参与和代表权的不同影响，并酌情调整或改革这些制度；", "(b) 采取一切适当措施，消除基于男女尊卑思想或基于男女角色定型观念且构成为妇女进入和参与政治领域的一个障碍的偏见，并对妇女参政采取包容方针；", "(c) 大力鼓励各政党消除直接或间接歧视妇女参与的所有障碍，发展妇女从性别平等视角分析问题的能力，并酌情制定政策以提高妇女充分参与政党内各级决策的能力；", "(d) 促进对妇女在社区、地方、国家和国际各级参与政治进程的重要性的理解和认识；", "(e) 与妇女协商建立机制和培训方案以鼓励妇女参与选举进程、政治活动和其他领导活动，并开发和提供适当工具和技能以增强妇女承担公共责任的权能；", "(f) 在政府机关和公共部门机构内实行适当措施，消除有碍妇女参与各级政治决策的直接或间接障碍，增强妇女的参与；", "(g) 酌情加快实施增进政治决策领域性别均衡的战略，并采取一切适当措施鼓励各政党确保妇女有公平和平等的机会竞争所有经选举产生的公共职位；", "(h) 改善和扩大妇女获得信息和通信技术包括电子政务工具的机会，以便利政治参与并推动参与更广泛的民主进程，同时也使这些技术更能满足妇女的需要，包括处于边缘化状况的妇女的需要；", "(i) 调查暴力侵害、攻击或骚扰女性民选官员和政治职位女候选人的投诉，营建对此类行径零容忍的环境，并采取一切适当步骤起诉责任人以确保追究责任；", "(j) 鼓励可能处于边缘化状况的妇女，包括土著妇女、残疾妇女、农村地区妇女以及在任何族裔、文化或宗教上属于少数群体成员的妇女，更广泛地参与所有各级决策，并解决和排除处于边缘化状况妇女在接触和参与所有各级政治活动及决策时所面临的障碍；", "(k) 鼓励推广有关方案，力求就政治进程和妇女参政的重要性，对青年和儿童尤其是女青年和女孩进行宣传和引导；", "(l) 确保旨在兼顾家庭和职业生活的措施平等适用于男女，同时铭记男女公平分担家庭责任以及减轻有薪和无薪劳动双重负担，能帮助为妇女参政创造有利的环境；", "(m) 提倡准予适当的产假和陪产假，以便利妇女参政；", "(n) 采取积极主动的措施解决阻挡或妨碍妇女参政的因素，诸如暴力、贫穷、得不到优质教育和医疗保健及性别成见；", "(o) 监测和评价决策职位中妇女所占比例方面的进展；", "7. 鼓励各国按照安全理事会第1325(2000)号决议及其后相关决议的要求，确保扩大妇女在预防、管理和解决冲突以及在调解及建设和平努力方面的作用；", "8. 又鼓励各国任命妇女担任政府各级职务，包括酌情在负责规划宪法、选举、政治或体制方面改革的机构内担任职务；", "9. 还鼓励各国致力于在政府机关和部委以及公共行政管理实体和司法部门内确立性别均衡目标，特别是酌情为此而订立具体目标和采取措施，大幅增加妇女人数，如有必要则采取平权行动，以使所有政府和公共行政职位上的男女人数平等；", "10. 鼓励各国和相关民间社会组织支持有助于妇女参与政治和其他领导活动的方案，包括对新任公职者的同侪支持和能力发展，并促进公私民间社会伙伴关系以增强妇女权能；", "11. 邀请各国交流关于妇女在政治进程所有各阶段包括在政治变革和改革时期参政的经验和最佳做法；", "12. 感兴趣地注意到人权理事会关于在法律和实践中歧视妇女问题工作组的工作以妇女参政等问题包括本决议所提事项作为侧重点；", "13. 鼓励各国在所有相关机构，特别是在国家、区域和地方当局以及在政党内传播本决议；", "14. 请秘书长向大会第六十八届会议提交关于本决议执行情况的报告，并鼓励各国政府提供妇女在各级参政情况的准确数据，包括酌情提供关于政治过渡时期妇女参政情况的资料。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] 第217A(III)号决议。", "[2] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第1249卷，第20378号。", "[3] 《第四次妇女问题世界会议的报告，1995年9月4日至15日，北京》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.96.IV.13)，第一章，决议1，附件一和二。", "[4] S-23/2号决议，附件；S-23/3号决议，附件。", "[5] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第2131卷，第20378号。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/455 and Corr.1)]", "66/130. Women and political participation", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming the obligations of all States to promote and protect human rights and fundamental freedoms as stated in the Charter of the United Nations, and guided by the purposes and principles of human rights instruments,", "Reaffirming also the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,[1] which states that everyone has the right to take part in the Government of his or her country directly, or through freely chosen representatives, and the right of equal access to public service,", "Guided by the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women,[2] which affirms human rights and fundamental freedoms and equality for women around the world, and which states, inter alia, that States parties shall take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in the political and public life of the country,", "Reaffirming the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action[3] and the outcome of the twenty‑third special session of the General Assembly entitled “Women 2000: gender equality, development and peace for the twenty‑first century”,[4]", "Recognizing the central role of the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN‑Women) in leading and coordinating action to promote gender equality and the empowerment of women within the United Nations system, as well as in supporting all countries’ efforts to promote gender equality and the empowerment of women,", "Recognizing also the important contributions that women have made towards the achievement of representative, transparent and accountable Governments in many countries,", "Stressing the critical importance of women’s political participation in all contexts, including in times of peace and of conflict and at all stages of political transition, concerned that many obstacles still prevent women from participating in political life on equal terms with men, and noting in that regard that situations of political transition may provide a unique opportunity to address such obstacles,", "Recognizing the essential contributions that women around the world continue to make to the achievement and maintenance of international peace and security and to the full realization of all human rights, to the promotion of sustainable development and economic growth, and to the eradication of poverty, hunger and disease,", "Reaffirming that the active participation of women, on equal terms with men, at all levels of decision‑making is essential to the achievement of equality, sustainable development, peace and democracy,", "Highly concerned that women in every part of the world continue to be largely marginalized from the political sphere, often as a result of discriminatory laws, practices, attitudes and gender stereotypes, low levels of education, lack of access to health care and the disproportionate effect of poverty on women,", "Recognizing the importance of empowering all women through education and training in government, public policy, economics, civics, information technology and science to ensure that they develop the knowledge and skills needed to make full contributions to society and the political process,", "Reaffirming the important role of women in the prevention and resolution of conflicts and in peacebuilding and the need for Member States and the United Nations system to increase the role of women in decision‑making with regard to conflict prevention and resolution and the rebuilding of post‑conflict societies, in accordance with Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) of 31 October 2000 and its subsequent follow‑up resolutions, as well as other relevant United Nations resolutions,", "Noting with appreciation the establishment by the Human Rights Council of the Working Group on Discrimination against Women in Law and in Practice,", "1. Reaffirms its resolution 58/142 of 22 December 2003 on women and political participation, and calls upon all States to implement it fully;", "2. Calls upon all States to eliminate laws, regulations and practices that, in a discriminatory manner, prevent or restrict women’s participation in the political process;", "3. Also calls upon all States to enhance the political participation of women, to accelerate the achievement of equality between men and women and, in all situations, including in situations of political transition, to promote and protect the human rights of women with respect to:", "(a) Engaging in political activities;", "(b) Taking part in the conduct of public affairs;", "(c) Associating freely;", "(d) Assembling peacefully;", "(e) Expressing their opinions and seeking, receiving and imparting information and ideas freely;", "(f) Voting in elections and public referendums and being eligible for election to publicly elected bodies on equal terms with men;", "(g) Participating in the formulation of government policy and the implementation thereof, holding public office and performing public functions at all levels of government;", "4. Calls upon States in situations of political transition to take effective steps to ensure the participation of women on equal terms with men in all phases of political reform, from decisions on whether to call for reforms in existing institutions to decisions regarding transitional governments, to the formulation of government policy, to the means of electing new democratic governments;", "5. Urges all States to comply fully with their obligations under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women,² urges States that have not yet ratified or acceded to the Convention to do so, and urges States parties to the Convention to consider signing, ratifying or acceding to the Optional Protocol thereto;[5]", "6. Also urges all States to take, inter alia, the following actions to ensure women’s equal participation, and encourages the United Nations system and other international and regional organizations, within their existing mandates, to enhance their assistance to States in their national efforts:", "(a) To review the differential impact of their electoral systems on the political participation of women and their representation in elected bodies and to adjust or reform those systems where appropriate;", "(b) To take all appropriate measures to eliminate prejudices that are based on the idea of the inferiority or the superiority of either of the sexes or on stereotyped roles for men and women and that constitute a barrier to women’s access to and participation in the political sphere, and to adopt inclusive approaches to their political participation;", "(c) To strongly encourage political parties to remove all barriers that directly or indirectly discriminate against the participation of women, to develop their capacity to analyse issues from a gender perspective, and to adopt policies, as appropriate, to promote the ability of women to participate fully at all levels of decision‑making within those political parties;", "(d) To promote awareness and recognition of the importance of women’s participation in the political process at the community, local, national and international levels;", "(e) To develop mechanisms and training to encourage women to participate in the electoral process, political activities and other leadership activities, and empower women to assume public responsibilities by developing and providing appropriate tools and skills, in consultation with women;", "(f) To implement appropriate measures within governmental bodies and public sector institutions to eliminate direct or indirect barriers to and enhance women’s participation in all levels of political decision‑making;", "(g) To accelerate the implementation of strategies, as appropriate, that promote gender balance in political decision‑making, and take all appropriate measures to encourage political parties to ensure that women have a fair and equal opportunity to compete for all elective public positions;", "(h) To improve and broaden women’s access to information and communications technologies, including e‑government tools, in order to enable political participation and to promote engagement in broader democratic processes, while also improving the responsiveness of these technologies to women’s needs, including those of marginalized women;", "(i) To investigate allegations of violence, assault or harassment of women elected officials and candidates for political office, create an environment of zero tolerance for such offences and, to ensure accountability, take all appropriate steps to prosecute those responsible;", "(j) To encourage greater involvement of women who may be marginalized, including indigenous women, women with disabilities, women from rural areas and women of any ethnic, cultural or religious minority, in decision‑making at all levels, and address and counter the barriers faced by marginalized women in accessing and participating in politics and decision‑making at all levels;", "(k) To encourage the promotion of programmes geared towards the sensitization and orientation of youth and children, in particular young women and girls, on the importance of the political process and women’s participation in politics;", "(l) To ensure that measures to reconcile family and professional life apply equally to women and men, bearing in mind that equitable sharing of family responsibilities between women and men and reduction of the double burden of paid and unpaid work can help to create an enabling environment for women’s political participation;", "(m) To promote the granting of appropriate maternity and paternity leave in order to facilitate women’s political participation;", "(n) To take proactive measures to address factors preventing or hindering women from participating in politics, such as violence, poverty, lack of access to quality education and health care, and gender stereotypes;", "(o) To monitor and evaluate progress in the representation of women in decision‑making positions;", "7. Encourages States to ensure an expanded role for women in the prevention, management and resolution of conflict and in mediation and peacebuilding efforts, as called for in Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) and subsequent relevant resolutions;", "8. Also encourages States to appoint women to posts within all levels of their Governments, including, where applicable, bodies responsible for designing constitutional, electoral, political or institutional reforms;", "9. Further encourages States to commit themselves to establishing the goal of gender balance in governmental bodies and committees, as well as in public administrative entities, and in the judiciary, including, inter alia and as appropriate, setting specific targets and implementing measures to substantially increase the number of women with a view to achieving equal representation of women and men, if necessary through positive action, in all governmental and public administration positions;", "10. Encourages States and relevant civil society organizations to support programmes that facilitate women’s participation in political and other leadership activities, including peer support and capacity development for new office holders, and to promote public/private civil society partnerships for women’s empowerment;", "11. Invites States to exchange experience and best practices on women’s political participation in all phases of the political process, including in times of political change and reform;", "12. Notes with interest the focus, inter alia, on the political participation of women, including the issues raised in the present resolution, in the work of the Human Rights Council Working Group on Discrimination against Women in Law and in Practice;", "13. Encourages States to disseminate the present resolution among all relevant institutions, in particular national, regional and local authorities, as well as among political parties;", "14. Requests the Secretary‑General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty‑eighth session a report on the implementation of the present resolution, and encourages Governments to provide precise data on the political participation of women at all levels, including, where appropriate, information on the political participation of women in times of political transition.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  Resolution 217 A (III).", "[2]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1249, No. 20378.", "[3]  Report of the Fourth World Conference on Women, Beijing, 4–15 September 1995 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.96.IV.13), chap. I, resolution 1, annexes I and II.", "[4]  Resolution S‑23/2, annex, and resolution S‑23/3, annex.", "[5]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2131, No. 20378." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/64/455 and Corr.1)]", "Women and political participation", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming the obligation of States to promote and protect human rights and fundamental freedoms in accordance with the purposes and principles of human rights instruments, in accordance with the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations,", "Reaffirming also the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which stipulates that everyone has the right to participate directly or through freely chosen representatives in the governance of his country and to have equal opportunities to participate in his or her official duties,", "Guided by the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, [2] which affirm the human rights and fundamental freedoms of women worldwide and equality, noting in particular that States parties should take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in their political and public life,", "Reaffirming the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action [3] and the outcome of the twenty-third special session of the General Assembly entitled “Women 2000: gender equality, development and peace for the twenty-first century”, [4]", "Recognizing the central role of the United Nations Office for the Promotion of Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (WGW) in leading and coordinating actions within the United Nations system to promote gender equality and women's empowerment and in supporting all countries in their efforts to promote gender equality and women's empowerment,", "Recognizing also the important contribution of women to the establishment of representative, transparent and accountable Governments in many countries,", "Emphasizing the importance of women's political participation in various situations, such as peace and conflict periods, and at all stages of political transition, and expressing concern at the continuing obstacles to women's participation in political life in conditions of equality with men, and noting in this regard that political transition provides a unique opportunity to address these obstacles,", "Recognizing that women worldwide continue to make important contributions to the realization and maintenance of international peace and security and the full realization of all human rights, sustainable development and economic growth, poverty eradication, hunger and disease,", "Reaffirming that the active participation of women in decision-making at all levels in conditions of equality with men is essential for achieving equality, sustainable development, peace and democracy,", "Deeply concerned at the fact that women are still at the root of political life in every part of the world, which is often the result of discriminatory laws, practices, attitudes and gender stereotypes, low levels of education, lack of access to health care and women's poverty,", "Recognizing the importance of strengthening the empowerment of all women through education and training in the areas of government, public policy, economic, civil affairs, information technology and science to ensure that they receive the knowledge and skills necessary for their full contribution to the social and political process,", "Reaffirming the important role of women in conflict prevention and resolution and peacebuilding, in accordance with Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) of 31 October 2000, and its subsequent resolutions and other relevant United Nations resolutions, and the need for Member States and the United Nations system to strengthen their role in decision-making on conflict prevention and resolution and the reconstruction of post-conflict societies,", "Noting with appreciation the establishment by the Human Rights Council of the Working Group on Discrimination against Women in Law and Practice,", "Reaffirms its resolution 58/142 of 22 December 2003 on women and political participation, and urges States to follow up on the resolution;", "Urges States to eliminate discriminatory laws, regulations and practices that impede or limit the participation of women in the political process;", "Also urges States to strengthen the political participation of women in order to accelerate the achievement of gender equality and to promote and protect the human rights of women in all situations, including political transition:", "(a) Participation in political activities;", "(b) Participation in public affairs;", "(c) Freedom of association;", "(d) Peaceful assembly;", "(e) Freedom of expression and seek, accept and communicate information and ideas;", "(f) To vote in elections and referendums on the basis of equality with men and to be elected to elected institutions;", "(g) Participation in the formulation and implementation of government policies at all levels and in the conduct of public service;", "Urges States in political transition to take effective steps to ensure the equal participation of women and men in all stages of political reform, from deciding whether to reform existing institutions, to take decisions on the Transitional Federal Government and to establish means for the election of a new democratic government;", "Urges States to fully implement their obligations under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women2 and urges States that have not yet done so to ratify or accede to the Convention, and urges States parties to the Convention to consider signing, ratifying or acceding to the Optional Protocol to the Convention; [5]", "Also urges all States, in particular, to take the following actions to ensure women's equal participation, and encourages the United Nations system and other international and regional organizations, within their existing mandates, to contribute more vigorously to their national efforts:", "(a) Review the different impacts of the electoral system on the political participation and representation of women in elected bodies and, where appropriate, adapt or reform them;", "(b) To take all appropriate measures to eliminate prejudice based on patriarchal or gender-based stereotypes and constitute an obstacle to women's access to and participation in the political sphere, and to adopt an inclusive approach to women's political participation;", "(c) To strongly encourage political parties to eliminate all obstacles that directly or indirectly discriminate against women, to develop the capacity of women to analyse issues from a gender perspective and to formulate policies, as appropriate, to increase women's participation in decision-making at all levels within political parties;", "(d) Promote understanding and awareness of the importance of women's participation in the political process at the community, local, national and international levels;", "(e) Establish mechanisms and training programmes in consultation with women to encourage women to participate in electoral processes, political activities and other leadership activities, and develop and provide appropriate tools and skills to enhance women's empowerment in public responsibility;", "(f) To take appropriate measures within government bodies and public sector institutions to eliminate direct or indirect barriers to women's participation in political decision-making at all levels;", "(g) To accelerate, as appropriate, the implementation of strategies to promote gender balance in the area of political decision-making and to take all appropriate measures to encourage political parties to ensure fair and equal opportunities for women to compete for all elected public positions;", "(h) Improve and expand women's access to information and communications technology, including e-government tools, to facilitate political participation and promote participation in broader democratic processes, and to make them more responsive to women's needs, including the needs of women in marginalized situations;", "(i) To investigate complaints of violence, attacks or harassment of women candidates for elected and political positions, to build an environment of zero tolerance for such acts and to take all appropriate steps to prosecute those responsible to ensure accountability;", "(j) Encourage women who may be marginalized, including indigenous women, women with disabilities, women in rural areas and women belonging to minorities in any ethnicity, culture or religion, to participate more broadly in decision-making at all levels and to address and exclude barriers faced by marginalized women in their access to and participation at all levels of political activity and decision-making;", "(k) Encourage the promotion of programmes aimed at informing and mentoring young people and children, in particular women and girls, on the importance of political processes and women's participation;", "(l) Ensure that measures aimed at balanceing family and occupational life apply equally to women and men, bearing in mind the equitable sharing of family responsibilities between men and women and the reduction of the double burden of paid and unpaid work, which can help to create an enabling environment for women to participate in politics;", "(m) Promote the granting of appropriate maternity and paternity leave to facilitate women's participation in politics;", "(n) Take proactive measures to address barriers or impediments to women's participation, such as violence, poverty, lack of quality education and health care and gender stereotypes;", "(o) Progress in monitoring and evaluating the proportion of women in decision-making positions;", "Encourages States to ensure the expansion of the role of women in the prevention, management and resolution of conflicts and in mediation and peacebuilding efforts, as called for in Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) and subsequent relevant resolutions;", "Also encourages States to appoint women at all levels of government, including, where appropriate, in institutions responsible for the planning of constitutional, electoral, political or institutional reforms;", "Also encourages States to commit themselves to establishing gender balance goals in government organs and ministries, as well as in public administration entities and the judiciary, in particular by setting specific targets and measures, as appropriate, to increase the number of women, and, if necessary, affirmative action to ensure equal representation of women and men in all government and public administration positions;", "Encourages States and relevant civil society organizations to support programmes that contribute to women's participation in political and other leadership activities, including peer support and capacity development for new public servants and to promote public-private partnerships for women's empowerment;", "Invites States to share experiences and best practices on women's participation in all stages of the political process, including in political change and reform;", "Notes with interest the focus of the Human Rights Council on the work of the Working Group on Discrimination against Women in Law and Practice on women in politics, including matters raised in the present resolution;", "Encourages States to disseminate the present resolution in all relevant bodies, in particular national, regional and local authorities, as well as in political parties;", "Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-eighth session a report on the implementation of the present resolution and encourages Governments to provide accurate data on women's participation at all levels, including information on political transition women's political participation, as appropriate.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "Resolution 217A (III).", "[2] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1249, No. 20378.", "[3] Report of the Fourth World Conference on Women, Beijing, 4-15 September 1995 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.96.IV.13), chap. I, resolution 1, annexes I and II.", "[4] S-23/2, annex; resolution S-23/3, annex.", "[5] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2131, No. 20378." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/455和Corr.1)通过]", "66/131. 消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约", "大会，", "回顾其2009年12月18日第64/138号决议，", "1. 欢迎秘书长关于《消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约》现况的报告；[1]", "2. 又欢迎消除对妇女歧视委员会第四十四届和第四十五届[2] 以及第四十六届至第四十八届会议的报告；[3]", "3. 邀请消除对妇女歧视委员会主席于大会第六十七届和第六十八届会议期间在关于提高妇女地位的项目下向大会发言并参与同大会互动对话；", "4. 请秘书长就《公约》的现况，向大会第六十八届会议提出报告。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] A/66/99。", "[2] 《大会正式记录，第六十五届会议，补编第38号》(A/65/38)。", "[3] 同上，《第六十六届会议，补编第38号》(A/66/38)。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/455 and Corr.1)]", "66/131. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 64/138 of 18 December 2009,", "1. Welcomes the report of the Secretary‑General on the status of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women;[1]", "2. Also welcomes the reports of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women on its forty‑fourth and forty‑fifth[2] and forty‑sixth to forty‑eighth[3] sessions;", "3. Invites the Chair of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women to address and engage in an interactive dialogue with the General Assembly at its sixty‑seventh and sixty‑eighth sessions under the item on the advancement of women;", "4. Requests the Secretary‑General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty‑eighth session a report on the status of the Convention.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  A/66/99.", "[2]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty‑fifth Session, Supplement No. 38 (A/65/38).", "[3]  Ibid., Sixty‑sixth Session, Supplement No. 38 (A/66/38)." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/64/455 and Corr.1)]", "Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 64/138 of 18 December 2009,", "Welcomes the report of the Secretary-General on the status of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women;", "Also welcomes the reports of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women on its forty-fourth and forty-fifth sessions [2] and its forty-sixth to forty-eighth sessions; [3]", "Invites the Chairperson of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women to address the General Assembly under the item on the advancement of women and to participate in the interactive dialogue with the Assembly during the sixty-seventh and sixty-eighth sessions of the General Assembly;", "Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-eighth session on the status of the Convention.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "A/66/99.", "[2] Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-fifth Session, Supplement No. 38 (A/65/38).", "[3] Ibid., Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 38 (A/66/38)." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/455和Corr.1)通过]", "66/132. 第四次妇女问题世界会议的后续行动以及《北京宣言》和《行动纲要》及大会第二十三届特别会议成果的充分执行", "大会，", "回顾其以往关于这个问题的各项决议，包括2010年12月21日第65/191号决议，又回顾2010年7月2日第64/289号决议中题为“加强支持两性平等和妇女赋权的体制安排”一节，", "深信《北京宣言》和《行动纲要》[1] 及题为“2000年妇女：二十一世纪两性平等、发展与和平”的大会第二十三届特别会议成果[2] 大大有助于实现性别平等和增强妇女权能，各国、联合国系统和其他有关组织必须将其化为有效的行动，", "重申千年首脑会议、[3] 2005年世界首脑会议、[4] 大会关于千年发展目标问题的高级别全体会议[5] 以及联合国其他各次主要首脑会议、大型会议和特别会议所作的关于性别平等和提高妇女地位的承诺，又重申全面、有效和加速履行这些承诺对于实现包括千年发展目标在内的国际商定发展目标不可或缺，", "欣见在实现性别平等方面取得进展，但强调指出《北京宣言》和《行动纲要》及第二十三届特别会议成果的执行仍然存在挑战和障碍，", "确认执行《北京宣言》和《行动纲要》及第二十三届特别会议成果的责任主要在于国家一级，在这方面需要加强努力，并重申加强国际合作对于全面、有效和加速执行至关重要，", "欣见妇女地位委员会在审查《北京宣言》和《行动纲要》执行情况方面开展的工作，表示赞赏地注意到该委员会的所有商定结论，包括委员会第五十五届会议通过的关于妇女和女孩接受和参与教育、培训、科学技术，包括促进妇女平等获得充分就业机会和体面工作的最近一项商定结论，[6]", "又欣见联合国促进性别平等和增强妇女权能署(妇女署)于2011年1月1日开始全面运作，", "确认民间社会尤其是妇女团体和其他非政府组织的参与和贡献对《北京宣言》和《行动纲要》及第二十三届特别会议成果的执行具有重要意义，", "重申性别平等观点主流化是通过改变不平等结构推动增强妇女权能和实现性别平等的一个普遍接受的战略，又重申坚定致力于积极促使在制定、执行、监测和评价政治、经济和社会所有领域的政策和方案时将性别平等观点纳入主流，并致力于加强联合国系统在性别平等领域中的能力，", "又重申《发展筹资问题多哈宣言：审查蒙特雷共识执行情况的发展筹资问题后续国际会议成果文件》[7] 中关于性别平等和增强妇女权能的承诺，", "考虑到改变歧视性态度和性别成见方面的挑战和障碍，这种态度和成见使针对妇女的歧视和男女定型角色根深蒂固，并强调指出在实行国际标准和准则以应对男女不平等问题方面仍存在挑战和障碍，", "重申《关于艾滋病毒/艾滋病问题的承诺宣言》[8] 和2011年6月10日艾滋病问题高级别会议通过的《关于艾滋病毒/艾滋病问题的政治宣言：加大行动力度，消灭艾滋病毒和艾滋病》，[9] 这些宣言中除其他外确认促进性别平等和增强妇女权能对减少妇女感染艾滋病毒风险而言至关重要，", "表示严重关切如秘书长关于提高妇女在联合国系统的地位的报告[10] 所述，尚未在联合国系统，尤其是在高级和决策层，在充分尊重《联合国宪章》第一百零一条第三项订立的公平地域分配原则的同时实现50/50男女比例这一紧迫目标，妇女在联合国系统所占比例仍然几乎没有变动，在系统内某些地方只有微不足道的改善，", "重申妇女在预防和解决冲突及在建设和平中的重要作用，", "回顾安全理事会关于妇女与和平与安全的2000年10月31日第1325(2000)号、2008年6月19日第1820(2008)号、2009年9月30日第1888(2009)号、2009年10月5日第1889(2009)号和2010年12月16日第1960(2010)号决议，以及关于儿童与武装冲突问题的2009年8月4日第1882(2009)号决议，", "1. 表示赞赏地注意到秘书长关于在执行《北京宣言》和《行动纲要》及大会第二十三届特别会议成果的后续行动中采取的措施和取得的进展的报告；[11]", "2. 重申第四次妇女问题世界会议通过的《北京宣言》和《行动纲要》¹ 及大会第二十三届特别会议成果，² 以及在妇女地位委员会第五十四届会议对《北京宣言》和《行动纲要》执行情况进行十五周年审查之际通过的宣言，[12] 并重申致力于全面、有效和加速执行上述文件；", "3. 又重申在充分执行《北京宣言》和《行动纲要》及大会第二十三届特别会议成果基础上促进实现性别平等和增强妇女权能方面以及在促进和监督性别平等观点纳入联合国系统主流方面，大会和经济及社会理事会起着首要和必不可少的作用，妇女地位委员会发挥着催化作用；", "4. 确认在实现性别平等和增强妇女权能方面，执行《北京宣言》和《行动纲要》与缔约国履行根据《消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约》[13] 承担的各项义务是相辅相成的，在这方面欢迎消除对妇女歧视委员会为促进执行《行动纲要》和第二十三届特别会议成果作出的贡献，并邀请《公约》缔约国在根据《公约》第18条向委员会提交的报告中载列资料，说明为加强国家一级执行工作而采取的措施；", "5. 促请各缔约国充分履行根据《消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约》及其《任择议定书》[14] 所承担的义务，并考虑到委员会的结论意见和一般性建议；敦促缔约国考虑限制对《公约》所作保留的范围，在提具保留时措辞尽量精确，范围力求狭小，并定期审查这些保留，以期予以撤回，从而确保任何保留均不违背《公约》的目标和宗旨；又敦促所有尚未批准或加入《公约》的会员国考虑批准或加入，并促请尚未签署、批准或加入《任择议定书》的会员国考虑签署并批准或加入；", "6. 欣见妇女署在治理架构、行政管理、预算编制和人力资源等方面的有效运作取得进展；", "7. 重申妇女署在领导和协调联合国系统促进性别平等和增强妇女权能工作及增强问责制方面的重要作用；", "8. 促请妇女署继续支持整个联合国系统的性别平等主流化，作为工作的组成部分，并在这方面更有计划地大力注重于支持整个联合国系统的性别平等主流化工作；", "9. 欢迎妇女署承诺支持会员国努力制定和强化关于性别平等和增强妇女权能的准则、政策和标准并将性别观点纳入部门政策和规范框架；", "10. 敦促会员国增加妇女署的预算供资，在立法和预算规定允许情况下提供核心、多年、可预测、稳定和可持续的自愿捐款，确认必须提供适足资金以便妇女署及时和有效地实施战略计划，又确认为实现妇女署目标调动资源工作仍是一项挑战；", "11. 鼓励包括各国政府、联合国系统、其他国际组织及民间社会等方面在内的所有行为体继续支持妇女地位委员会的工作，协助委员会在执行《北京宣言》和《行动纲要》及第二十三届特别会议成果后续行动和审查工作中发挥中心作用，并酌情落实委员会的建议；在这方面欢迎委员会继续交流关于克服国家和国际一级全面执行工作以及优先主题执行进展情况评价工作所遇挑战的经验、教训和良好做法；", "12. 促请各国政府以及联合国系统各机关及相关基金、方案和专门机构在各自任务范围内，以及包括金融机构在内的其他国际组织和区域组织和包括非政府组织在内的民间社会所有相关行为体加紧行动，全面、有效地执行《北京宣言》和《行动纲要》及第二十三届特别会议成果；", "13. 重申各国有义务恪尽职守，防止发生暴力侵害妇女和女孩行为，向受害人提供保护，并调查、起诉和惩罚暴力侵害妇女和女孩的行为人，不然就是侵害、损害或剥夺她们对人权和基本自由的享受；促请各国政府拟订并执行法律和战略以消除暴力侵害妇女和女孩行为，鼓励和支持男子和男孩积极参与防止和消除所有形式的暴力，鼓励他们更多了解暴力如何伤害女孩、男孩、妇女和男子及破坏性别平等；鼓励所有行为体公开反对任何暴力侵害妇女行为，并在这方面鼓励会员国继续支持秘书长发起并尚在进行的“联合起来制止暴力侵害妇女行为”运动以及妇女署“说不――联合起来制止暴力侵害妇女行为”的社会动员和宣传纲领；", "14. 再次促请联合国系统，包括各主要机关及其主要委员会和附属机构，诸如经济及社会理事会年度部长级审查和发展合作论坛等职能机制，以及各基金、方案和专门机构，加强努力，把性别平等观点充分纳入其所审议的所有问题和其授权任务的主流，以及充分纳入联合国各次首脑会议、大型会议和特别会议及其后续进程的主流，包括2012年联合国可持续发展大会和2013年社会发展委员会第五十一届会议对2002年《马德里老龄问题国际行动计划》的审查和评价；", "15. 请联合国系统各实体把妇女地位委员会的成果有系统地纳入各自任务范围内的工作，以便除其他外，确保有效支持会员国努力实现性别平等和增强妇女权能，在这方面欢迎妇女署承诺建立具体的、注重结果的报告机制，承诺确保该署的规范工作与业务工作的连贯一致和协调；", "16. 大力鼓励各国政府继续支持民间社会特别是非政府组织和妇女组织发挥作用，协助执行《北京宣言》和《行动纲要》及第二十三届特别会议成果；", "17. 促请各国政府和联合国系统鼓励妇女团体以及专门处理性别平等和增强妇女权能工作的其他非政府组织参与政府间进程，包括通过加强外联、增加供资和加强能力建设等途径进行参与；", "18. 又促请联合国各政府间机关系统地要求在提交政府间进程的秘书长报告和其他投入中纳入性别平等观点；", "19. 请秘书长在提交大会和经济及社会理事会及其附属机构的报告中，通过性别问题定性分析、提供按性别和年龄分列的数据以及可获得的定量数据，特别是通过有关性别平等和增强妇女权能的具体结论和进一步行动建议，系统地触及性别平等观点，以帮助制定对性别问题有敏感认识的政策，为此请秘书长向所有为秘书长报告提供投入的利益攸关方转达体现性别平等观点的重要性；", "20. 鼓励会员国，适当时在包括妇女署在内的联合国各实体、国际和区域组织及其他有关行为体的支持下，通过多部门努力和伙伴关系，优先加强在按性别和年龄分列统计数据和国家追踪性别平等及增强妇女权能指标方面的国家数据收集和监测能力；", "21. 促请联合国系统所有部门继续发挥积极作用，确保《北京宣言》和《行动纲要》及第二十三届特别会议成果得以全面、有效和加速执行，为此尤应继续在联合国系统各实体中设置性别平等问题专家，并确保所有人员特别是外勤人员得到加速性别平等观点主流化方面的训练和适当的后续帮助，包括获得有关工具、指导和支持，并重申需要加强联合国系统在性别平等领域的能力；", "22. 请秘书长审查整个联合国系统各级实现50/50男女均衡目标的情况并加倍努力在这方面取得进展，同时依照《联合国宪章》第一百零一条第三项，充分尊重公平地域分配原则，尤其要考虑到来自发展中国家和最不发达国家、来自经济转型国家以及来自无人任职或在很大程度上任职人数偏低国家的妇女，确保在性别均衡目标方面建立管理问责和部门问责；大力鼓励会员国确定并经常为联合国系统的职位尤其是高级和决策级别的职位，包括维持和平行动中的职位，提出更多女性候选人；", "23. 促请联合国系统继续努力实现性别均衡目标，包括由性别平等问题协调中心提供积极支持，同时请秘书长向妇女地位委员会第五十六届会议作口头报告，并在大会第六十七届会议题为“提高妇女地位”的项目下向大会提交报告，说明联合国系统妇女地位改善情况以及在实现性别均衡方面所取得的进展和面临的障碍，其中应载述加速取得进展的建议，包括整个联合国系统妇女人数和百分比及其职务和国籍资料在内的最新统计数据，以及关于人力资源管理厅和联合国系统行政首长协调理事会秘书处促进性别均衡的责任和问责制的资料；", "24. 鼓励各国政府和联合国系统更加努力地增强国际、区域和国家各级落实性别平等和增强妇女权能承诺方面的问责制，包括为此而改进政策、战略、资源分配和方案等方面进展情况的监督和报告工作，并实现性别均衡；", "25. 重申各国政府对实现性别平等和增强妇女权能负有首要责任，而国际合作则对协助发展中国家在充分执行《北京宣言》和《行动纲要》方面取得进展有着必不可少的作用；", "26. 请秘书长继续每年在题为“提高妇女地位”的项目下向大会提出报告，并向妇女地位委员会和经济及社会理事会提出报告，说明执行《北京宣言》和《行动纲要》及第二十三届特别会议成果的后续行动及进展情况，评估性别平等观点主流化方面的进展，包括关于重大成就、经验教训和良好做法的资料，并就加强执行工作的进一步措施提出建议。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] 《第四次妇女问题世界会议的报告，1995年9月4日至15日，北京》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.96.IV.13)，第一章，决议1，附件一和二。", "[2] S-23/2号决议，附件；S-23/3号决议，附件。", "[3] 见第55/2号决议。", "[4] 见第60/1号决议。", "[5] 见第65/1号决议。", "[6] 见《经济及社会理事会正式记录，2011年，补编第7号》(E/2011/27)，第一章，A节。", "[7] 第63/239号决议，附件。", "[8] S-26/2号决议，附件。", "[9] 第65/277号决议，附件。", "[10] A/65/334。", "[11] A/66/211。", "[12] 见《经济及社会理事会正式记录，2010年，补编第7号》和更正(E/2010/27和Corr.1)，第一章，A节；另见经济及社会理事会第2010/232号决定。", "[13] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第1249卷，第20378号。", "[14] 同上，第2131卷，第20378号。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/455 and Corr.1)]", "66/132. Follow‑up to the Fourth World Conference on Women and full implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action and the outcome of the twenty‑third special session of the General Assembly", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its previous resolutions on the question, including resolution 65/191 of 21 December 2010, and recalling also the section of resolution 64/289 of 2 July 2010 entitled “Strengthening the institutional arrangements for support of gender equality and the empowerment of women”,", "Deeply convinced that the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action[1] and the outcome of the twenty‑third special session of the General Assembly entitled “Women 2000: gender equality, development and peace for the twenty‑first century”[2] are important contributions to the achievement of gender equality and the empowerment of women and must be translated into effective action by all States, the United Nations system and other organizations concerned,", "Reaffirming the commitments to gender equality and the advancement of women made at the Millennium Summit,[3] the 2005 World Summit,[4] the High‑level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals[5] and other major United Nations summits, conferences and special sessions, and reaffirming also that their full, effective and accelerated implementation is integral to achieving the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals,", "Welcoming progress made towards achieving gender equality, but stressing that challenges and obstacles remain in the implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action and the outcome of the twenty‑third special session,", "Recognizing that the responsibility for the implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action and the outcome of the twenty‑third special session rests primarily at the national level and that strengthened efforts are necessary in this respect, and reiterating that enhanced international cooperation is essential for full, effective and accelerated implementation,", "Welcoming the work of the Commission on the Status of Women in reviewing the implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, and taking note with appreciation of all its agreed conclusions, including the latest, on access and participation of women and girls in education, training and science and technology, including for the promotion of women’s equal access to full employment and decent work, adopted by the Commission at its fifty‑fifth session,[6]", "Welcoming also the full operationalization of the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN‑Women) on 1 January 2011,", "Recognizing that the participation and contribution of civil society, in particular women’s groups and other non‑governmental organizations, are important to the implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action and the outcome of the twenty‑third special session,", "Reaffirming that gender mainstreaming is a globally accepted strategy for promoting the empowerment of women and achieving gender equality by transforming structures of inequality, and reaffirming also the commitment to actively promote the mainstreaming of a gender perspective into the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and programmes in all political, economic and social spheres, as well as the commitment to strengthen the capabilities of the United Nations system in the area of gender equality,", "Reaffirming also the commitments in regard to gender equality and the empowerment of women in the Doha Declaration on Financing for Development: outcome document of the Follow‑up International Conference on Financing for Development to Review the Implementation of the Monterrey Consensus,[7]", "Bearing in mind the challenges and obstacles to changing discriminatory attitudes and gender stereotypes, which perpetuate discrimination against women and stereotypic roles of men and women, and stressing that challenges and obstacles remain in the implementation of international standards and norms to address the inequality between men and women,", "Reaffirming the Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS[8] and the Political Declaration on HIV and AIDS: Intensifying Our Efforts to Eliminate HIV and AIDS adopted at the High‑level Meeting on AIDS, held on 10 June 2011,[9] in which, inter alia, the promotion of gender equality and the empowerment of women were recognized as fundamental for reducing the vulnerability of women to HIV,", "Expressing serious concern that the urgent goal of 50/50 gender balance in the United Nations system, especially at senior and policymaking levels, with full respect for the principle of equitable geographical distribution, in conformity with Article 101, paragraph 3, of the Charter of the United Nations, remains unmet, and that the representation of women in the United Nations system has remained almost static, with negligible improvement in some parts of the system, as reflected in the report of the Secretary‑General on the improvement of the status of women in the United Nations system,[10]", "Reaffirming the important role of women in the prevention and resolution of conflicts and in peacebuilding,", "Recalling Security Council resolutions 1325 (2000) of 31 October 2000, 1820 (2008) of 19 June 2008, 1888 (2009) of 30 September 2009, 1889 (2009) of 5 October 2009 and 1960 (2010) of 16 December 2010 on women and peace and security and resolution 1882 (2009) of 4 August 2009 on children and armed conflict,", "1. Takes note with appreciation of the report of the Secretary‑General on the measures taken and progress achieved in follow‑up to the implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action and the outcome of the twenty‑third special session of the General Assembly;[11]", "2. Reaffirms the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action adopted at the Fourth World Conference on Women¹ and the outcome of the twenty‑third special session of the General Assembly,² as well as the declaration adopted on the occasion of the fifteen‑year review of the implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action at the fifty‑fourth session of the Commission on the Status of Women,[12] and also reaffirms its commitment to their full, effective and accelerated implementation;", "3. Also reaffirms the primary and essential role of the General Assembly and the Economic and Social Council, as well as the catalytic role of the Commission on the Status of Women, in promoting gender equality and the empowerment of women based on the full implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action and the outcome of the twenty‑third special session and in promoting and monitoring gender mainstreaming within the United Nations system;", "4. Recognizes that the implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action and the fulfilment of the obligations of States parties under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women[13] are mutually reinforcing in respect of achieving gender equality and the empowerment of women, and in this regard welcomes the contributions of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women to promoting the implementation of the Platform for Action and the outcome of the twenty‑third special session, and invites States parties to the Convention to include information on measures taken to enhance implementation at the national level in their reports to the Committee under article 18 of the Convention;", "5. Calls upon States parties to comply fully with their obligations under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and the Optional Protocol thereto[14] and to take into consideration the concluding observations as well as the general recommendations of the Committee, urges States parties to consider limiting the extent of any reservations that they lodge to the Convention, to formulate any reservations as precisely and narrowly as possible and to regularly review such reservations with a view to withdrawing them so as to ensure that no reservation is incompatible with the object and purpose of the Convention, also urges all Member States that have not yet ratified or acceded to the Convention to consider doing so, and calls upon those Member States that have not yet done so to consider signing and ratifying or acceding to the Optional Protocol;", "6. Welcomes the progress made in the effective functioning of UN‑Women in regard to its governance structure, as well as administration, budgeting and human resources;", "7. Reaffirms the important role of UN‑Women in leading, coordinating and promoting accountability of the United Nations system in its work on gender equality and the empowerment of women;", "8. Calls upon UN‑Women to continue to support gender mainstreaming across the United Nations system as an integral part of its work and, in that regard, to place a strong and more systematic focus on support for gender mainstreaming across the United Nations system;", "9. Welcomes the commitment of UN‑Women to support Member States in their efforts to develop and strengthen norms, policies and standards on gender equality and the empowerment of women as well as to integrate gender perspectives into sectoral policy and normative frameworks;", "10. Urges Member States to increase funding for the budget of UN‑Women by providing, when legislative and budgetary provisions allow, core, multi‑year, predictable, stable and sustainable voluntary contributions, recognizing the importance of adequate funding in enabling UN‑Women to implement its strategic plan promptly and effectively, and recognizing also that the mobilization of financial resources for achieving its goals still remains a challenge;", "11. Encourages all actors, inter alia, Governments, the United Nations system, other international organizations and civil society, to continue to support the work of the Commission on the Status of Women in fulfilling its central role in the follow‑up to and review of the implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action and the outcome of the twenty‑third special session, and, as applicable, to carry out the recommendations of the Commission, and welcomes in this regard the Commission’s continued sharing of experiences, lessons learned and good practices in overcoming challenges to full implementation at the national and international levels and the evaluation of progress in the implementation of priority themes;", "12. Calls upon Governments and the organs and relevant funds, programmes and specialized agencies of the United Nations system, within their respective mandates, and other international and regional organizations, including financial institutions, and all relevant actors of civil society, including non‑governmental organizations, to intensify action to achieve the full and effective implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action and the outcome of the twenty‑third special session;", "13. Reaffirms that States have an obligation to exercise due diligence to prevent violence against women and girls, provide protection to the victims and investigate, prosecute and punish the perpetrators of violence against women and girls and that failure to do so violates and impairs or nullifies the enjoyment of their human rights and fundamental freedoms, calls upon Governments to elaborate and implement laws and strategies to eliminate violence against women and girls, encourages and supports men and boys in taking an active part in the prevention and elimination of all forms of violence, encourages increased understanding among men and boys of how violence harms girls, boys, women and men and undermines gender equality, encourages all actors to speak out against any violence against women, and in this regard encourages Member States to continue to support the Secretary‑General’s ongoing campaign “UNiTE to End Violence against Women” and the UN‑Women social mobilization and advocacy platform “Say NO – UNiTE to End Violence against Women”;", "14. Reiterates its call to the United Nations system, including the main organs, their main committees and subsidiary bodies, functions such as the annual ministerial review and the Development Cooperation Forum of the Economic and Social Council, and the funds, programmes and specialized agencies, to increase efforts to fully mainstream a gender perspective into all issues under their consideration and within their mandates, as well as in all United Nations summits, conferences and special sessions and in their follow‑up processes, including the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development in 2012 and the review and appraisal of the Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing, 2002, at the fifty‑first session of the Commission for Social Development, in 2013;", "15. Requests the entities of the United Nations system systematically to incorporate the outcomes of the Commission on the Status of Women into their work within their mandates, inter alia, to ensure effective support for the efforts of Member States towards the achievement of gender equality and the empowerment of women, and in this regard welcomes the commitment of UN‑Women to establish concrete results‑based reporting mechanisms, as well as to ensure coherence, consistency and coordination between the normative and operational aspects of its work;", "16. Strongly encourages Governments to continue to support the role and contribution of civil society, in particular non‑governmental organizations and women’s organizations, in the implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action and the outcome of the twenty‑third special session;", "17. Calls upon Governments and the United Nations system to encourage women’s groups and other non‑governmental organizations specializing in gender equality and the empowerment of women to participate in intergovernmental processes, including through increased outreach, funding and capacity‑building;", "18. Calls upon intergovernmental bodies of the United Nations to systematically request the inclusion of a gender perspective in reports of the Secretary‑General and other inputs to intergovernmental processes;", "19. Requests that reports of the Secretary‑General submitted to the General Assembly and the Economic and Social Council and their subsidiary bodies systematically address gender perspectives through qualitative gender analysis and the provision of sex‑ and age‑disaggregated data and, where available, quantitative data, in particular through concrete conclusions and recommendations for further action on gender equality and the empowerment of women, in order to facilitate gender‑sensitive policy development, and in this regard requests the Secretary‑General to convey the importance of reflecting a gender perspective to all stakeholders who provide inputs to his reports;", "20. Encourages Member States, with the support of, as appropriate, United Nations entities, including UN‑Women, international and regional organizations and other relevant actors, to prioritize the strengthening of national data collection and monitoring capacities with regard to statistics disaggregated by sex and age, as well as national tracking indicators for gender equality and the empowerment of women through multisectoral efforts and partnerships;", "21. Calls upon all parts of the United Nations system to continue to play an active role in ensuring the full, effective and accelerated implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action and the outcome of the twenty‑third special session, through, inter alia, the maintenance of gender specialists in all entities of the United Nations system, as well as by ensuring that all personnel, especially in the field, receive training and appropriate follow‑up, including tools, guidance and support, for accelerated gender mainstreaming, and reaffirms the need to strengthen the capabilities of the United Nations system in the area of gender;", "22. Requests the Secretary‑General to review and redouble his efforts to make progress towards achieving the goal of 50/50 gender balance at all levels throughout the United Nations system, with full respect for the principle of equitable geographical distribution, in conformity with Article 101, paragraph 3, of the Charter of the United Nations, considering, in particular, women from developing and least developed countries, from countries with economies in transition and from unrepresented or largely underrepresented Member States, and to ensure managerial and departmental accountability with respect to gender balance targets, and strongly encourages Member States to identify and regularly submit more women candidates for appointment to positions in the United Nations system, especially at more senior and policymaking levels, including in peacekeeping operations;", "23. Calls upon the United Nations system to continue its efforts towards achieving the goal of gender balance, including with the active support of gender focal points, and requests the Secretary‑General to provide an oral report to the Commission on the Status of Women at its fifty‑sixth session and to report to the General Assembly at its sixty‑seventh session on the improvement of the status of women in the United Nations system, under the item entitled “Advancement of women”, and on progress made and obstacles encountered in achieving gender balance, with recommendations for accelerating progress, and up‑to‑date statistics, including the number and percentage of women and their functions and nationalities throughout the United Nations system, and information on the responsibility and accountability of the offices of human resources management and the secretariat of the United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination for promoting gender balance;", "24. Encourages increased efforts by Governments and the United Nations system to enhance accountability for the implementation of commitments to gender equality and the empowerment of women at the international, regional and national levels, including by improved monitoring and reporting on progress in relation to policies, strategies, resource allocations and programmes and by achieving gender balance;", "25. Reaffirms that Governments bear the primary responsibility for the achievement of gender equality and the empowerment of women and that international cooperation has an essential role in assisting developing countries in progressing towards the full implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action;", "26. Requests the Secretary‑General to continue to report annually to the General Assembly under the item entitled “Advancement of women”, as well as to the Commission on the Status of Women and the Economic and Social Council, on the follow‑up to and progress made in the implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action and the outcome of the twenty‑third special session, with an assessment of progress in gender mainstreaming, including information on key achievements, lessons learned and good practices, and recommendations on further measures to enhance implementation.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  Report of the Fourth World Conference on Women, Beijing, 4–15 September 1995 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.96.IV.13), chap. I, resolution 1, annexes I and II.", "[2]  Resolution S‑23/2, annex, and resolution S‑23/3, annex.", "[3]  See resolution 55/2.", "[4]  See resolution 60/1.", "[5]  See resolution 65/1.", "[6]  See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 2011, Supplement No. 7 (E/2011/27), chap. I, sect. A.", "[7]  Resolution 63/239, annex.", "[8]  Resolution S‑26/2, annex.", "[9]  Resolution 65/277, annex.", "[10]  A/65/334.", "[11]  A/66/211.", "[12]  See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 2010, Supplement No. 7 and corrigendum (E/2010/27 and Corr.1), chap. I, sect. A; see also Economic and Social Council decision 2010/232.", "[13]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1249, No. 20378.", "[14]  Ibid., vol. 2131, No. 20378." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/64/455 and Corr.1)]", "Follow-up to the Fourth World Conference on Women and the full implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action and the outcomes of the twenty-third special session of the General Assembly", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its previous resolutions on this subject, including resolution 63/291 of 21 December 2010, and recalling also the section of its resolution 64/289 of 2 July 2010, entitled “Strengthening the institutional arrangements for gender equality and women's empowerment”,", "Convinced that the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, as well as the outcome of the twenty-third special session of the General Assembly entitled “Women 2000: gender equality, development and peace for the twenty-first century”, contribute significantly to achieving gender equality and empowerment of women, and that States, the United Nations system and other relevant organizations must translate them into effective action,", "Reaffirming the commitments made at the Millennium Summit, [3] 2005 World Summit, [4] the high-level plenary meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals [5], as well as other major United Nations summits, conferences and special sessions on gender equality and the advancement of women, and reaffirming that the full, effective and accelerated implementation of these commitments is indispensable for achieving the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals,", "Welcoming progress towards gender equality, but stressing that the implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action and the outcome of the twenty-third special session remains challenges and obstacles,", "Recognizing that the responsibility for the implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action and the outcome of the twenty-third special session lies primarily at the national level, and that strengthening international cooperation is essential for the full, effective and accelerated implementation,", "Welcoming the work of the Commission on the Status of Women in reviewing the implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, and noting with appreciation all its agreed conclusions, including the recent agreed conclusions adopted by the Committee at its fifty-fifth session on women and girls' access to adequate employment opportunities and decent work, [6]", "Welcoming also the full operation of the United Nations Agency for the Promotion of Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (RUW) on 1 January 2011,", "Recognizing the importance of the participation and contribution of civil society, in particular women's groups and other non-governmental organizations, to the implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action and the outcome of the twenty-third special session,", "Reiterating that gender mainstreaming is a universally accepted strategy to promote women's empowerment and gender equality through changes in unequal structures, and reiterating its strong commitment to actively mainstream gender perspectives in the formulation, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and programmes in all political, economic and social spheres, and committed to strengthening the capacity of the United Nations system in the area of gender equality,", "Reaffirming also the commitments contained in the Doha Declaration on Financing for Development: outcome document of the Follow-up International Conference on Financing for Development to Review the Implementation of the Monterrey Consensus [7] on gender equality and the empowerment of women,", "Taking into account the challenges and obstacles in changing discriminatory attitudes and gender stereotypes, which are deeply rooted in the roles of women and men, and stressing that challenges and obstacles remain in the application of international standards and norms to address gender inequality,", "Reaffirming the Political Declaration on HIV/AIDS adopted by the Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS and the Political Declaration on HIV/AIDS, adopted at the high-level meeting on HIV/AIDS on 10 June 2011: intensifying action to eradicate HIV and AIDS, and in these declarations, inter alia, recognize the importance of promoting gender equality and empowering women in reducing the risk of HIV infection among women,", "Expressing grave concern that, as indicated in the report of the Secretary-General on the advancement of women in the United Nations system [10], there has been no significant change in the proportion of women in the United Nations system, in particular at the senior and decision-making levels, while fully respecting the principle of equitable geographical distribution in Article 101, paragraph 3, of the Charter of the United Nations, while achieving the urgent goal of 50/50 gender parity, and that the proportion of women in the United Nations system remains virtually unchanged, with little improvement in some parts of the system,", "Reaffirming the important role of women in conflict prevention and resolution and peacebuilding,", "Recalling Security Council resolutions 1325 (2000) of 31 October 2000, 1820 (2008) of 19 June 2008, 1888 (2009) of 30 September 2009, 1889 (2009) of 5 October 2009 and 1960 (2010) of 16 December 2010, and resolution 1882 (2009) of 4 August 2009 on children and armed conflict,", "Takes note with appreciation of the report of the Secretary-General on measures taken and progress achieved in the follow-up to the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action and the outcomes of the twenty-third special session of the General Assembly; [11]", "Reaffirms the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action1 adopted by the Fourth World Conference on Women and the outcome of the twenty-third special session of the General Assembly,2 and the Declaration adopted at the fifty-fourth session of the Commission on the Status of Women on the occasion of the fifteenth anniversary review of the implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, and reaffirms its commitment to the full, effective and accelerated implementation of the above-mentioned documents;", "Also reaffirms the primary and essential role of the General Assembly and the Economic and Social Council in promoting gender equality and empowerment of women, based on the full implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action and the outcomes of the twenty-third special session of the General Assembly, and in promoting and monitoring gender equality perspectives in the mainstream of the United Nations system, which plays a catalytic role;", "Acknowledges the implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action and the fulfilment by States parties of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women [in line with the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women] 13] The obligations assumed are mutually reinforcing and, in this regard, welcomes the contributions made by the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women to promote the implementation of the Platform for Action and the outcome of the twenty-third special session, and invites States parties to the Convention to include information in their reports to the Committee on measures taken to enhance implementation at the national level, in accordance with article 18 of the Convention;", "Urges States parties to fully comply with their obligations under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and its Optional Protocol [14], taking into account the Committee's concluding observations and general recommendations; urges States parties to consider limiting the scope of reservations to the Convention, to the extent practicable in the formulation of reservations, to strive for a narrower scope and to review them regularly with a view to withdrawing them, thereby ensuring that any reservation is not in conformity with the object and purpose of the Convention; and urges all Member States that have not yet done so to consider ratifying or acceding to the Convention, and urges Member States that have not yet done so to consider signing or ratifying or acceding to do so;", "Welcomes the progress made in the effective functioning of governance structures, administration, budgeting and human resources;", "Reaffirms the important role of leadership and coordination of the United Nations system in promoting gender equality and empowerment of women and enhancing accountability;", "Urges continued support for gender mainstreaming throughout the United Nations system as part of its work and, in this regard, to focus more on supporting gender mainstreaming across the United Nations system;", "Welcomes the commitment to support Member States in their efforts to develop and strengthen guidelines, policies and standards on gender equality and the empowerment of women and to integrate a gender perspective into sectoral policies and normative frameworks;", "Urges Member States to increase budget funding through the provision of core, multi-year, predictable, stable and sustainable voluntary contributions under legislative and budgetary provisions, recognizing the importance of adequate funding for timely and effective implementation of the strategic plan, and recognizes that resource mobilization for the achievement of the goals remains a challenge;", "Encourages all actors, including Governments, the United Nations system, other international organizations and civil society, to continue to support the work of the Commission on the Status of Women, to play a central role in the follow-up and review of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action and the outcome of the twenty-third special session, and, where appropriate, to implement the recommendations of the Committee; and, in this regard, welcomes the continued exchange of experiences, lessons and good practices of the Commission on overcoming the challenges faced in the implementation of the evaluation process at the national and international levels, as well as priority themes;", "Urges Governments, as well as organs of the United Nations system and relevant funds, programmes and specialized agencies, within their respective mandates, as well as other international and regional organizations, including financial institutions, and all relevant actors of civil society, including non-governmental organizations, to intensify their action to implement fully and effectively the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action and the outcome of the twenty-third special session;", "Reaffirms the obligation of States to exercise due diligence to prevent violence against women and girls, to provide protection to victims, to investigate, prosecute and punish perpetrators of violence against women and girls, not only violations, impair or deprive them of their enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms; urges Governments to develop and implement laws and strategies to eliminate violence against women and girls, encourage and support the active participation of men and boys in preventing and eliminating all forms of violence, and encourages them to be more aware of how violence harms girls, boys, women and men and undermines gender equality; and encourages all actors to openly oppose any violence against women, and, in this regard, encourages Member States to continue to support the Secretary-General in the joint campaign to combat violence against women;", "Reiterates its call upon the United Nations system, including the principal organs and its Main Committees and subsidiary bodies, such as the Annual Ministerial Review and Development Cooperation Forum of the Economic and Social Council, as well as the funds, programmes and specialized agencies, to intensify their efforts to mainstream gender perspectives in all of the issues considered and their mandates, as well as to fully integrate the mainstreaming of the United Nations summits, conferences and special sessions and their follow-up processes, including the review and evaluation of the Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing, held in 2012 and the Commission for Social Development at its fifty-first session, in 2013;", "Requests the entities of the United Nations system to systematically integrate the outcomes of the Commission on the Status of Women into their respective mandates in order to ensure, inter alia, effective support for Member States in their efforts to achieve gender equality and women's empowerment, and, in this regard, welcomes the commitment to establish concrete and results-oriented reporting mechanisms and undertake to ensure coherence and coordination of the normative work of the Agency and its operational work;", "Strongly encourages Governments to continue to support the role of civil society, in particular non-governmental organizations and women's organizations, in the implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action and the outcome of the twenty-third special session;", "Urges Governments and the United Nations system to encourage women's groups, as well as other non-governmental organizations devoted to gender equality and the empowerment of women, to participate in the intergovernmental process, including through enhanced outreach, increased funding and capacity-building;", "Also urges the intergovernmental organs of the United Nations to systematically request the inclusion of a gender perspective in the reports of the Secretary-General and other inputs to the intergovernmental process;", "Requests the Secretary-General, in his reports to the General Assembly and the Economic and Social Council and its subsidiary bodies, to systematically trigger a gender perspective through gender profiling, the provision of sex- and age-disaggregated data and quantitative data available, in particular through specific conclusions on gender equality and the empowerment of women and further action recommendations, in order to help develop gender-sensitive policies, and in this regard requests the Secretary-General to convey to all stakeholders that have contributed to the report of the Secretary-General the importance of the gender perspective;", "Encourages Member States, where appropriate, to strengthen national data collection and monitoring capacities for gender- and age-disaggregated statistics and national tracking of gender equality and the empowerment of women through multisectoral efforts and partnerships, with the support of United Nations entities, international and regional organizations and other relevant actors;", "Urges all departments of the United Nations system to continue to play an active role in ensuring that the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action and the outcome of the twenty-third special session are fully, effectively and accelerated, and, in particular, should continue to establish gender specialists in the entities of the United Nations system and ensure that all personnel, in particular in the field of gender mainstreaming, receive training and appropriate follow-up assistance, including access to tools, guidance and support, and reiterates the need to strengthen the capacity of the United Nations system in the area of gender equality;", "Requests the Secretary-General to review the achievement of the goal of 50/50 gender balance at all levels of the United Nations system as a whole and to redouble his efforts in that regard, while fully respecting the principle of equitable geographical distribution, in accordance with Article 101, paragraph 3, of the Charter of the United Nations, taking into account, inter alia, the principle of equitable geographical distribution, women from developing countries and least developed countries, from countries with economies in transition and from unrepresented or largely underrepresented countries, ensuring managerial accountability and sectoral accountability in the achievement of the goal of gender balance; and strongly encourages Member States to identify and regularly provide more women candidates for the positions of the United Nations system, including in peacekeeping operations;", "Urges the United Nations system to continue its efforts to achieve the goal of gender balance, including through active support from the gender focal point, and requests the Secretary-General to provide an oral report to the Commission on the Status of Women at its fifty-sixth session and to report to the General Assembly, under the item entitled “Advancement of women”, on the improvement of the status of women in the United Nations system and on the progress made and obstacles faced in achieving gender balance, which should include updated statistical data on accelerating progress, including the number and percentage of women throughout the United Nations system and their job and nationality information, as well as information on the responsibilities and accountability of the Office of Human Resources Management and the Secretariat for gender balance;", "Encourages Governments and the United Nations system to increase their efforts to strengthen accountability in the implementation of gender equality and the empowerment of women at the international, regional and national levels, including by improving monitoring and reporting on progress in policy, strategy, resource allocation and programmes and achieving gender balance;", "Reaffirms that Governments have the primary responsibility for achieving gender equality and empowering women, while international cooperation has an essential role to assist developing countries in their progress in the full implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action;", "Requests the Secretary-General to continue to report to the General Assembly annually under the item entitled “Advancement of women” and to report to the Commission on the Status of Women and the Economic and Social Council on the follow-up and progress made in the implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action and the outcome of the twenty-third special session, and to assess progress made in gender mainstreaming, including information on significant achievements, lessons learned and good practices, and to make recommendations on further measures to enhance implementation.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "Report of the Fourth World Conference on Women, Beijing, 4-15 September 1995 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.96.IV.13), chap. I, resolution 1, annexes I and II.", "[2] S-23/2, annex; resolution S-23/3, annex.", "[3] See resolution 55/2.", "[4] See resolution 60/1.", "[5] See resolution 63/2.", "[6] See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 2011, Supplement No. 7 (Euro27), chap. I, sect.", "[7] Resolution 63/239, annex.", "[8] S-26/2, annex.", "[9] Resolution 8077, annex.", "[10] A/65/334.", "[11] A/statement 11.", "[12] See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 2010, Supplement No. 7 and corrigen27 and Corr.1), chap. I, sect. A; see also Economic and Social Council decision 2010/232.", "[13] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1249, No. 20378.", "[14] Ibid., vol. 2131, No. 20378." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/456)通过]", "66/133. 联合国难民事务高级专员办事处", "大会，", "审议了联合国难民事务高级专员关于高级专员办事处活动的报告[1] 和联合国难民事务高级专员方案执行委员会第六十二届会议工作报告[2] 及其中所载的决定，", "回顾自大会设立联合国难民事务高级专员办事处以来大会每年关于该办事处工作的决议，", "表示赞赏高级专员所展现的领导能力，赞扬高级专员办事处工作人员和执行伙伴称职、勇敢、全心全意地履行职责，并强调大会强烈谴责与日俱增的一切形式暴力侵害人道主义人员和联合国人员及有关人员的行为，", "1. 赞同联合国难民事务高级专员方案执行委员会第六十二届会议工作报告；²", "2. 欣见1951年《关于难民地位的公约》[3] 六十周年及1961年《减少无国籍状态公约》[4] 五十周年，在这方面欣见联合国难民事务高级专员召集并协助举办一次部长级政府间纪念会议，以此表明各国确认尊重和维护这两项文书所明示的价值观与原则的重要性；", "3. 又欣见联合国难民事务高级专员办事处及其执行委员会在过去一年开展了重要工作，目的是加强国际保护制度和协助各国政府履行保护责任；", "4. 重申1951年《关于难民地位的公约》及其1967年《议定书》[5] 是国际难民保护制度的基础，确认各缔约国必须充分和有效地落实这些文书及其所体现的价值观，满意地注意到目前已有一百四十八个国家成为其中一项或两项文书的缔约国，鼓励非缔约国考虑加入这些文书，特别强调必须充分尊重不推回原则，并确认一些非国际难民文书缔约国在收容难民方面显示出慷慨做法；", "5. 注意到1954年《关于无国籍人地位的公约》[6] 现有七十个缔约国，1961年《减少无国籍状态公约》现有四十二个缔约国，鼓励尚未加入这些文书的国家考虑加入这些文书，注意到高级专员在识别无国籍人身份、防止和减少无国籍状态以及保护无国籍人方面所做的工作，并敦促高级专员办事处继续依照大会相关决议和执行委员会的结论，在这方面开展工作；", "6. 再次强调保护难民首先是各个国家的责任，为使高级专员办事处能够履行其法定职能，各国必须给予充分和有效的合作，采取行动并展现政治决心，在这方面大力强调积极的国际团结、分担重负和共担责任的重要性；", "7. 又再次强调与国际社会妥善合作防止和减少无国籍状况首先是各个国家的责任；", "8. 还再次强调与国际社会妥善合作保护和援助境内流离失所者首先是各个国家的责任；", "9. 鼓励高级专员办事处继续努力加强其有效应急能力，从而确保在紧急情况中对机构间承诺作出较可预测的回应；", "10. 表示注意到高级专员办事处当前保护和援助境内流离失所者的活动，包括在这个领域的机构间安排范围内开展的活动，强调这类活动应符合大会相关决议且不得损害办事处的难民任务以及庇护制度，并鼓励高级专员继续就办事处的这方面作用与各国进行对话；", "11. 鼓励高级专员办事处与相关国家当局、相关的联合国办事处和机构、国际组织和政府间组织、区域组织以及非政府组织建立伙伴关系和充分合作，促进持续发展所有各级人道主义应急能力，并回顾办事处作为复杂紧急情况下开展保护、难民营协调与管理以及提供应急住所等活动的牵头机构的作用；", "12. 又鼓励高级专员办事处同联合国其他有关组织以及其他相关政府间组织和人道主义及发展事务行为体一道，根据大会关于加强联合国紧急人道主义援助协调的2010年12月15日第65/133号决议的规定，继续与秘书处人道主义事务协调厅合作，以加强人道主义援助的协调、效力和效率，并酌情与各国协商，促进在共同人道主义需要评估等重要问题上进一步取得进展；", "13. 还鼓励高级专员办事处参与“一体行动”倡议，并充分落实该倡议各项目标；", "14. 赞赏地注意到高级专员办事处在开展结构和管理改革方面，包括在执行全球需要评估倡议方面取得的进展，鼓励办事处整合改革进程的各个方面，包括基于成果的管理和问责制框架和战略，并注重于不断改进工作，以便能够更高效地回应受援方的需求，并确保有效而透明地使用资源；", "15. 强烈谴责针对难民、寻求庇护者和境内流离失所者的攻击以及对他们人身安全和福祉构成威胁的行为，并吁请所有有关国家，酌情也吁请武装冲突当事方，采取一切必要措施，确保尊重人权和遵守国际人道主义法；", "16. 表示深为关切人道主义援助人员和车队遭受攻击的事件日益增多，尤其是在极其困难而艰苦条件下努力援助亟需援助者的人道主义人员丧生问题；", "17. 强调各国需要确保不让那些在其领土上攻击人道主义人员和联合国人员及有关人员的行为人逃避惩处，并确保按照本国法律和国际法义务，迅速将实施此类行为的人绳之以法；", "18. 痛惜难民和寻求庇护者遭到推回和非法驱逐，吁请所有有关国家确保遵守相关的保护难民原则和人权原则；", "19. 强调对难民的国际保护是一项不断变化和注重行动的职能，是高级专员办事处任务的核心，其中包括与各国和其他伙伴进行合作，根据国际商定标准，除其他外促进和便利难民的入境、接待和处理，并确保采取注重保护的持久解决办法，同时顾及弱势群体的特殊需要，特别关注有特定需要者，并在这方面指出，提供国际保护是一项工作人员密集型服务，需要有充足且具备适当专长的工作人员，在实地尤其如此；", "20. 申明在分析保护需求时，以及在确保难民和高级专员办事处所关切的其他人员酌情参与规划和实施高级专员办事处方案及国家政策的工作中，必须将年龄、性别和多样性问题纳入主流，又申明必须优先处理歧视、两性不平等以及性暴力和性别暴力问题，同时确认尤其必须满足妇女和儿童的保护需求；在这方面欢迎高级专员办事处在这个周年发起同妇女和女孩的系列对话，作为促进理解及加强对妇女和女孩的保护工作的一项重要举措，并强调指出在这个问题上继续开展工作的重要性；", "21. 坚决重申高级专员办事处向难民提供国际保护和谋求持久解决难民问题的职能极为重要而且纯属人道主义和非政治性质，并回顾这些解决办法包括自愿遣返以及在适当和可行情况下采取的就地安置和第三国重新安置办法，同时重申自愿遣返仍是最可取的办法，但应有必要的恢复和发展援助加以支持，以促进可持续的重返社会；", "22. 表示关切数百万长期处于无家可归状况的难民面临的特殊困难，强调国际社会必须加倍努力及合作，依照国际法和大会相关决议，设法全面切实解决这些难民的困境，为他们找到持久的解决办法；", "23. 确认持久解决难民问题的重要性，尤其需要在此过程中解决难民流徙的根本原因，以防出现新的难民潮；", "24. 回顾有效的伙伴关系和协调在满足难民需求和持久解决其困境方面起着重要作用，欢迎目前正与难民容留国和原籍国以及这些国家的地方社区、相关联合国机构、国际和政府间组织、区域组织合作，并酌情与非政府组织和发展行为体合作，努力促进订立持久解决办法框架，特别是在旷日持久的难民情况中，包括采取由遣返、重新融入、恢复和重建活动组成的可持续和及时回返办法，此外鼓励各国与相关联合国机构、国际和政府间组织、区域组织、非政府组织及发展行为体合作，除其他外通过提供经费，协助落实这一框架，以促进从救济到发展的有效过渡；", "25. 确认只有可持续办法才是解决流离失所问题的持久办法，因此鼓励高级专员办事处支持可持续回返和重返社会；", "26. 赞赏地注意到越来越多的国家正在多方努力为重新安置创造机会，把重新安置作为一种持久解决办法；确认有必要增加重新安置地点的数目；邀请有关国家、高级专员办事处和其他相关伙伴在适当和可行的情况下利用《重新安置多边谅解框架》；[7] 在这方面赞扬高级专员办事处努力于2011年4月启动了“全球声援重新安置工作倡议”，并赞扬一些国家努力对此做出慷慨响应；", "27. 又赞赏地注意到各国开展活动，以加强旨在促进在难民问题上采取合作政策和做法的各项区域倡议，并鼓励各国继续努力，全面解决各自区域内需要国际保护的人民的需要，包括向收容大量需要国际保护者的容留社区提供支助；", "28. 指出各国和高级专员办事处必须讨论和明确办事处在混合移徙流中的作用，以便更好地解决混合移徙流所需保护问题，包括保障需要国际保护者获得庇护，并注意到高级专员愿意随时根据其任务规定，协助各国履行在这方面的保护责任；", "29. 强调所有国家均有义务接受本国国民回返，吁请各国便利那些经确定不需要国际保护的本国国民回返，并申明有关人员的回返必须以安全和人道的方式且在人权和尊严得到充分尊重的情况下进行，不论这些人员的地位为何；", "30. 表示关切气候变化和环境退化给高级专员办事处保护活动和办事处在全球、特别是在最不发达国家向受关注弱势民众提供援助的活动带来了挑战，敦促办事处在其任务规定范围内，并在其业务活动中与国家当局协商以及与主管机构合作，处理工作中的这类挑战；", "31. 敦促所有国家和相关非政府组织及其他组织与高级专员办事处一起，本着国际团结、分担重负和共担责任的精神，相互合作并调动资源，以增强容留国的能力，特别是已收容大批难民和寻求庇护者的容留国的能力，减轻这些国家的沉重负担，这些国家的慷慨精神非常可嘉；吁请高级专员办事处继续发挥促进作用，动员国际社会提供援助，以解决发展中国家，尤其是最不发达国家和经济转型国家境内难民众多的根本原因，同时缓解大量难民人口对经济、环境和社会的影响；表示感谢那些为改善仍属于社会中弱势者的难民所处状况而作出贡献的捐助国、捐助组织与捐助个人；", "32. 表示深为关切世界金融和经济危机对高级专员办事处活动所构成的当前和潜在挑战；", "33. 吁请高级专员办事处进一步研究如何扩大捐助来源，以便通过加强与政府捐助方、非政府捐助方和私营部门的合作，更好地分担重负；", "34. 确认高级专员办事处为了继续执行其章程[8] 及大会其后关于难民和其他受关注人员问题的各项决议所授予的任务，必须及时拥有充足资源，回顾大会关于办事处章程第20段的执行等事项的2003年12月22日第58/153号、2003年12月23日第58/270号、2004年12月20日第59/170号、2005年12月16日第60/129号、2006年12月19日第61/137号、2007年12月18日第62/124号、2008年12月18日第63/148号、2009年12月18日第64/127号和2010年12月21日第65/194号决议，并敦促各国政府和其他捐助方迅速响应办事处为其方案所需资源发出的年度呼吁和补充呼吁；", "35. 请高级专员向大会第六十七届会议报告其活动情况。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] 《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第12号》(A/66/12)。", "[2] 同上，《补编第12A号》(A/66/12/Add.1)。", "[3] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第189卷，第2545号。", "[4] 同上，第989卷，第14458号。", "[5] 同上，第606卷，第8791号。", "[6] 同上，第360卷，第5158号。", "[7] 可查阅www.unhcr.org。", "[8] 第428(V)号决议，附件。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/456)]", "66/133. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees", "The General Assembly,", "Having considered the report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees on the activities of his Office[1] and the report of the Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees on the work of its sixty‑second session[2] and the decisions contained therein,", "Recalling its previous annual resolutions on the work of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees since its establishment by the General Assembly,", "Expressing its appreciation for the leadership shown by the High Commissioner, commending the staff and implementing partners of the Office of the High Commissioner for the competent, courageous and dedicated manner in which they discharge their responsibilities, and underlining its strong condemnation of all forms of violence to which humanitarian personnel and United Nations and associated personnel are increasingly exposed,", "1. Endorses the report of the Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees on the work of its sixty‑second session;²", "2. Welcomes the sixtieth anniversary of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees[3] and the fiftieth anniversary of the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness,[4] and welcomes in this context the convening and facilitation by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees of an intergovernmental commemorative event at the ministerial level as a recognition by States of the importance of respecting and upholding the values and principles enshrined in those two instruments;", "3. Also welcomes the important work undertaken by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and its Executive Committee in the course of the year, which is aimed at strengthening the international protection regime and at assisting Governments in meeting their protection responsibilities;", "4. Reaffirms the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and the 1967 Protocol thereto[5] as the foundation of the international refugee protection regime, recognizes the importance of their full and effective application by States parties and the values they embody, notes with satisfaction that one hundred and forty‑eight States are now parties to one instrument or to both, encourages States not parties to consider acceding to those instruments, underlines, in particular, the importance of full respect for the principle of non‑refoulement, and recognizes that a number of States not parties to the international refugee instruments have shown a generous approach to hosting refugees;", "5. Notes that seventy States are now parties to the 1954 Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons[6] and that forty‑two States are parties to the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness, encourages States that have not done so to give consideration to acceding to those instruments, notes the work of the High Commissioner in regard to identifying stateless persons, preventing and reducing statelessness and protecting stateless persons, and urges the Office of the High Commissioner to continue to work in this area in accordance with relevant General Assembly resolutions and Executive Committee conclusions;", "6. Re‑emphasizes that the protection of refugees is primarily the responsibility of States, whose full and effective cooperation, action and political resolve are required to enable the Office of the High Commissioner to fulfil its mandated functions, and strongly emphasizes, in this context, the importance of active international solidarity and burden‑ and responsibility‑sharing;", "7. Also re‑emphasizes that prevention and reduction of statelessness are primarily the responsibility of States, in appropriate cooperation with the international community;", "8. Further re‑emphasizes that protection of and assistance to internally displaced persons are primarily the responsibility of States, in appropriate cooperation with the international community;", "9. Encourages the Office of the High Commissioner to pursue its efforts to strengthen its capacity to respond adequately to emergencies and thereby ensure a more predictable response to inter‑agency commitments in case of emergency;", "10. Takes note of the current activities of the Office of the High Commissioner related to protection of and assistance to internally displaced persons, including in the context of inter‑agency arrangements in this field, emphasizes that such activities should be consistent with relevant General Assembly resolutions and should not undermine the refugee mandate of the Office and the institution of asylum, and encourages the High Commissioner to continue his dialogue with States on the role of his Office in this regard;", "11. Encourages the Office of the High Commissioner to work in partnership and in full cooperation with relevant national authorities, United Nations offices and agencies, international and intergovernmental organizations, regional organizations and non‑governmental organizations to contribute to the continued development of humanitarian response capacities at all levels, and recalls the role of the Office as the cluster lead for protection, camp coordination and management, and emergency shelter in complex emergencies;", "12. Also encourages the Office of the High Commissioner, among other relevant United Nations and other relevant intergovernmental organizations and humanitarian and development actors, to continue to work with the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs of the Secretariat to enhance the coordination, effectiveness and efficiency of humanitarian assistance and to contribute, in consultation with States, as appropriate, to making further progress towards common humanitarian needs assessments, as stated, among other important issues, in General Assembly resolution 65/133 of 15 December 2010 on the strengthening of the coordination of emergency humanitarian assistance of the United Nations;", "13. Further encourages the Office of the High Commissioner to engage in and implement in full the objectives of the “Delivering as one” initiative;", "14. Notes with appreciation the progress made in the implementation of the process of structural and management change, including the global needs assessment initiative, undertaken by the Office of the High Commissioner, and encourages the Office to consolidate the various aspects of the reform process, including the results‑based management and accountability framework and strategy, and to focus on continuous improvement in order to enable a more efficient response to the needs of beneficiaries and to ensure the effective and transparent use of its resources;", "15. Strongly condemns attacks on refugees, asylum‑seekers and internally displaced persons as well as acts that pose a threat to their personal security and well‑being, and calls upon all States concerned and, where applicable, parties involved in an armed conflict to take all measures necessary to ensure respect for human rights and international humanitarian law;", "16. Expresses deep concern about the increasing number of attacks against humanitarian aid workers and convoys and, in particular, the loss of life of humanitarian personnel working in the most difficult and challenging conditions in order to assist those in need;", "17. Emphasizes the need for States to ensure that perpetrators of attacks committed on their territory against humanitarian personnel and United Nations and associated personnel do not operate with impunity and that the perpetrators of such acts are promptly brought to justice as provided for by national laws and obligations under international law;", "18. Deplores the refoulement and unlawful expulsion of refugees and asylum‑seekers, and calls upon all States concerned to ensure respect for the relevant principles of refugee protection and human rights;", "19. Emphasizes that international protection of refugees is a dynamic and action‑oriented function that is at the core of the mandate of the Office of the High Commissioner and that it includes, in cooperation with States and other partners, the promotion and facilitation of, inter alia, the admission, reception and treatment of refugees in accordance with internationally agreed standards and the ensuring of durable, protection‑oriented solutions, bearing in mind the particular needs of vulnerable groups and paying special attention to those with specific needs, and notes in this context that the delivery of international protection is a staff‑intensive service that requires adequate staff with the appropriate expertise, especially at the field level;", "20. Affirms the importance of age, gender and diversity mainstreaming in analysing protection needs and in ensuring the participation of refugees and other persons of concern to the Office of the High Commissioner, as appropriate, in the planning and implementation of programmes of the Office and State policies, also affirms the importance of according priority to addressing discrimination, gender inequality and the problem of sexual and gender‑based violence, recognizing the importance of addressing the protection needs of women and children in particular, welcomes, in this context, the series of dialogues with women and girls initiated by the Office, in this anniversary year, as an important move towards increasing understanding and improving the protection of women and girls, and underlines the importance of continuing to work on this issue;", "21. Strongly reaffirms the fundamental importance and the purely humanitarian and non‑political character of the function of the Office of the High Commissioner of providing international protection to refugees and seeking permanent solutions to refugee problems, and recalls that those solutions include voluntary repatriation and, where appropriate and feasible, local integration and resettlement in a third country, while reaffirming that voluntary repatriation, supported, as necessary, by rehabilitation and development assistance to facilitate sustainable reintegration, remains the preferred solution;", "22. Expresses concern about the particular difficulties faced by the millions of refugees in protracted situations, and emphasizes the need to redouble international efforts and cooperation to find practical and comprehensive approaches to resolving their plight and to realize durable solutions for them, consistent with international law and relevant General Assembly resolutions;", "23. Recognizes the importance of achieving durable solutions to refugee problems and, in particular, the need to address in this process the root causes of refugee movements in order to avert new flows of refugees;", "24. Recalls the important role of effective partnerships and coordination in meeting the needs of refugees and in finding durable solutions to their situations, welcomes the efforts under way, in cooperation with countries hosting refugees and countries of origin, including their respective local communities, relevant United Nations agencies, international and intergovernmental organizations, regional organizations, as appropriate, non‑governmental organizations and development actors, to promote a framework for durable solutions, particularly in protracted refugee situations, which includes an approach to sustainable and timely return that encompasses repatriation, reintegration, rehabilitation and reconstruction activities, and encourages States, in cooperation with relevant United Nations agencies, international and intergovernmental organizations, regional organizations, non‑governmental organizations and development actors, to support, inter alia, through the allocation of funds, the implementation of such a framework to facilitate an effective transition from relief to development;", "25. Recognizes that no solution to displacement can be durable unless it is sustainable, and therefore encourages the Office of the High Commissioner to support the sustainability of return and reintegration;", "26. Notes with appreciation the efforts that an increasing number of States are making to create opportunities for resettlement as a durable solution, recognizes the need to increase the number of resettlement places, invites interested States, the Office of the High Commissioner and other relevant partners to make use of the Multilateral Framework of Understandings on Resettlement,[7] where appropriate and feasible, and, in this context, commends the efforts in launching the Global Resettlement Solidarity Initiative in April 2011 by the Office and by those States that have responded generously in this respect;", "27. Also notes with appreciation the activities undertaken by States to strengthen the regional initiatives that facilitate cooperative policies and approaches on refugees, and encourages States to continue their efforts to address, in a comprehensive manner, the needs of the people who require international protection in their respective regions, including the support provided for host communities that receive large numbers of persons who require international protection;", "28. Notes the importance of States and the Office of the High Commissioner discussing and clarifying the role of the Office in mixed migratory flows, in order to better address protection needs in the context of mixed migratory flows, including by safeguarding access to asylum for those in need of international protection, and notes the readiness of the High Commissioner, consistent with his mandate, to assist States in fulfilling their protection responsibilities in this regard;", "29. Emphasizes the obligation of all States to accept the return of their nationals, calls upon States to facilitate the return of their nationals who have been determined not to be in need of international protection, and affirms the need for the return of persons to be undertaken in a safe and humane manner and with full respect for their human rights and dignity, irrespective of the status of the persons concerned;", "30. Expresses concern about the challenges associated with climate change and environmental degradation to the protection activities of the Office of the High Commissioner and the assistance it provides to vulnerable populations of concern across the globe, particularly in the least developed countries, and urges the Office to continue to address such challenges in its work, within its mandate, and in consultation with national authorities and in cooperation with competent agencies in its operations;", "31. Urges all States and relevant non‑governmental and other organizations, in conjunction with the Office of the High Commissioner, in a spirit of international solidarity and burden‑ and responsibility‑sharing, to cooperate and to mobilize resources with a view to enhancing the capacity of and reducing the heavy burden borne by host countries, whose generosity is appreciated, in particular those that have received large numbers of refugees and asylum‑seekers, calls upon the Office to continue to play its catalytic role in mobilizing assistance from the international community to address the root causes as well as the economic, environmental and social impact of large‑scale refugee populations in developing countries, in particular the least developed countries, and countries with economies in transition, and notes with appreciation those donor States, organizations and individuals that contribute to improving the condition of refugees who remain vulnerable members of society;", "32. Expresses deep concern about the existing and potential challenges posed by the world financial and economic crisis to the activities of the Office of the High Commissioner;", "33. Calls upon the Office of the High Commissioner to further explore ways and means to broaden its donor base, so as to achieve greater burden‑sharing by reinforcing cooperation with governmental donors, non‑governmental donors and the private sector;", "34. Recognizes that adequate and timely resources are essential for the Office of the High Commissioner to continue to fulfil the mandate conferred upon it through its statute[8] and by subsequent General Assembly resolutions on refugees and other persons of concern, recalls its resolutions 58/153 of 22 December 2003, 58/270 of 23 December 2003, 59/170 of 20 December 2004, 60/129 of 16 December 2005, 61/137 of 19 December 2006, 62/124 of 18 December 2007, 63/148 of 18 December 2008, 64/127 of 18 December 2009 and 65/194 of 21 December 2010 concerning, inter alia, the implementation of paragraph 20 of the statute of the Office, and urges Governments and other donors to respond promptly to annual and supplementary appeals issued by the Office for requirements under its programmes;", "35. Requests the High Commissioner to report on his activities to the General Assembly at its sixty‑seventh session.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty‑sixth Session, Supplement No. 12 (A/66/12).", "[2]  Ibid., Supplement No. 12A (A/66/12/Add.1).", "[3]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 189, No. 2545.", "[4]  Ibid., vol. 989, No. 14458.", "[5]  Ibid., vol. 606, No. 8791.", "[6]  Ibid., vol. 360, No. 5158.", "[7]  Available from www.unhcr.org.", "[8]  Resolution 428 (V), annex." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/456)]", "Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees", "The General Assembly,", "Having considered the report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees on the activities of the Office of the High Commissioner and the report of the Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees [2] and the decision contained therein,", "Recalling the annual General Assembly resolutions on the work of the Office since the establishment of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees,", "Expressing its appreciation for the leadership shown by the High Commissioner, commending the staff of the Office of the High Commissioner and the implementing partners for their dedication, courage and dedication, and stressing that the General Assembly strongly condemns the growing forms of violence against humanitarian personnel and United Nations personnel and associated personnel,", "Endorses the report of the Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees on the work of its sixty-second session;2", "Welcomes the sixtieth anniversary of the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness. 4] The fiftieth anniversary and, in this regard, welcomes the convening and facilitation by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees of an intergovernmental ministerial commemorative meeting to demonstrate the importance of the recognition by States of the values and principles expressed in respect of and maintenance of those instruments;", "Also welcomes the important work undertaken by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and its Executive Committee over the past year aimed at strengthening the international protection regime and assisting Governments in the fulfilment of their protection responsibilities;", "Reaffirms that the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol [5] are the basis for the international refugee protection regime, recognizes the importance of the full and effective implementation by States parties of these instruments and the values embodied therein, notes with satisfaction that 1008 States have become parties to one or two instruments, and encourages non-State parties to consider acceding to these instruments, and stresses in particular the importance of fully respecting the principle of non-refoulement, and recognizes the generosity shown by States parties to some non-international refugee instruments in hosting refugees;", "Takes note of the work of the 1954 Convention on the Status of Stateless Persons [6] of the seven existing States parties, of which the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness, encourages States that have not yet done so to consider acceding to those instruments, notes the work of the High Commissioner in identifying stateless persons, preventing and reducing statelessness and protecting stateless persons, and urges the Office of the High Commissioner to continue its work in this regard, in accordance with the relevant resolutions of the General Assembly and the conclusions of the Executive Committee;", "Stresses once again the responsibility of the protection of refugees, first of all States, in order to enable the Office of the High Commissioner to perform its mandated functions, the importance of full and effective cooperation, action and political determination, and stresses in this regard the importance of active international solidarity, burden-sharing and shared responsibility;", "Also stresses once again the responsibility of States, first of all, to cooperate properly with the international community in preventing and reducing statelessness;", "Further stresses once again the responsibility of the international community to cooperate properly with the protection and assistance of internally displaced persons, first and foremost among States;", "Encourages the Office of the High Commissioner to continue its efforts to strengthen its effective response capacity to ensure a more predictable response to inter-agency commitments in emergencies;", "Takes note of the ongoing activities of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in the area of protection and assistance to internally displaced persons, including those undertaken within the context of inter-agency arrangements in this field, stresses that such activities should be in line with relevant General Assembly resolutions and should not undermine the Office's refugee mandate and the asylum system, and encourages the High Commissioner to continue to engage with States in dialogue on the role of the Office in that regard;", "Encourages the Office of the High Commissioner to establish partnerships and full cooperation with relevant national authorities, relevant United Nations offices and agencies, international organizations and intergovernmental organizations, regional organizations and non-governmental organizations to promote the sustained development of humanitarian emergency response capacities at all levels, and recalls the role of the Office as the lead agency for activities such as protection, refugee camp coordination and management and emergency shelter provision;", "Also encourages the Office of the High Commissioner, in conjunction with other relevant United Nations organizations, as well as other relevant intergovernmental organizations and humanitarian and development actors, to continue to cooperate with the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs of the Secretariat, in accordance with General Assembly resolution 63/233 of 15 December 2010 on strengthening the coordination, effectiveness and efficiency of humanitarian assistance, and, where appropriate, in consultation with States, to promote further progress on important issues such as common humanitarian needs assessment;", "Also encourages the Office of the High Commissioner to participate in the Delivering as One initiative and to fully implement its objectives;", "Notes with appreciation the progress made by the Office of the High Commissioner in the implementation of structural and management reforms, including in the implementation of the Global Needs Assessment Initiative, and encourages the Office to integrate all aspects of the reform process, including results-based management and accountability frameworks and strategies, and to focus on continuous improvement, in order to enable a more efficient response to the needs of recipients and to ensure effective and transparent use of resources;", "Strongly condemns attacks against refugees, asylum-seekers and internally displaced persons and the threat to their physical integrity and well-being, and calls upon all concerned States, as appropriate, to take all necessary measures to ensure respect for human rights and compliance with international humanitarian law;", "Expresses its deep concern at the increasing number of attacks on humanitarian aid personnel and convoys, in particular the killing of humanitarian personnel who are trying to assist those in need of assistance under extremely difficult conditions;", "Emphasizes the need for States to ensure that perpetrators of attacks on humanitarian personnel and United Nations personnel and associated personnel on their territories are not prosecuted and that those responsible for such acts are promptly brought to justice in accordance with their national legal and international law obligations;", "Deplores the return and unlawful expulsion of refugees and asylum-seekers, and calls upon all concerned States to ensure compliance with the relevant principles of protection of refugees and human rights;", "Emphasizes that international protection of refugees is a changing and action-oriented function and is at the core of the mandate of the Office of the High Commissioner, including cooperation with States and other partners to promote and facilitate, inter alia, the entry, reception and treatment of refugees, in accordance with internationally agreed standards, and to ensure a protection-oriented and durable solution, taking into account the special needs of vulnerable groups, paying particular attention to those with specific needs, and in this regard notes that the provision of international protection is a staff-intensive service requiring adequate and adequate expertise, in particular on the ground;", "Affirms that, in analysing protection needs, and in ensuring that refugees and other persons of concern to the Office of the High Commissioner are involved, as appropriate, in the planning and implementation of the programmes and national policies of the Office of the High Commissioner, the issue of age, gender and diversity must be mainstreamed, and stresses the importance of addressing discrimination, gender inequality and sexual and gender-based violence, as a matter of priority, while recognizing the need to meet the protection needs of women and children, in this regard welcomes the initiative of the Office of the High Commissioner to initiate a series of dialogue with women and girls, as an important step in promoting understanding and strengthening the protection of women and girls;", "Strongly reaffirms that the functions of the Office of the High Commissioner to provide international protection to refugees and to seek a lasting solution to the problem of refugees are of paramount importance and are purely humanitarian and non-political nature, and recalls that these solutions include voluntary repatriation and resettlement in third countries, where appropriate and feasible, while reaffirming that voluntary repatriation remains the most desirable option, but that the necessary recovery and development assistance should be supported to promote sustainable reintegration;", "Expresses concern at the particular difficulties faced by millions of refugees who have long been homeless, and stresses that the international community must redouble its efforts and cooperation to find a lasting solution to the plight of those refugees in a comprehensive and effective manner, in accordance with international law and relevant General Assembly resolutions;", "Acknowledges the importance of a lasting solution to the problem of refugees, in particular the need to address the root causes of the influx of refugees in the process in order to prevent the emergence of new refugee flows;", "Recalls that effective partnerships and coordination play an important role in meeting the needs of refugees and in reaching a durable solution to their plight, and welcomes the ongoing sustainable and timely approach to returns, including through repatriation, reintegration, recovery and reconstruction activities, in cooperation with relevant United Nations bodies, international and intergovernmental organizations, regional organizations and development actors, as appropriate, in cooperation with non-governmental organizations and development actors, and encourages States, inter alia, to cooperate with relevant United Nations agencies, international and intergovernmental organizations, regional organizations, non-governmental organizations and development actors, to contribute, inter alia, to the implementation of this framework for effective transition;", "Acknowledges that sustainable solutions are only a durable solution to the problem of displacement and encourages the Office of the High Commissioner to support sustainable return and reintegration;", "Notes with appreciation that a growing number of countries are making efforts to create opportunities for resettlement as a durable solution; recognize the need to increase the number of resettlement sites; invite interested States, the Office of the High Commissioner and other relevant partners to take advantage of the multilateral understanding framework for resettlement where appropriate and feasible; [7], in this regard, commends the efforts of the Office of the High Commissioner to launch the Global Solidarity Initiative in April 2011, and commends the efforts of some States to respond generously to it;", "Also notes with appreciation the activities undertaken by States to strengthen regional initiatives aimed at promoting cooperation and policy on refugees, and encourages States to continue their efforts to address fully the needs of the people in need of international protection in their respective regions, including by providing support to host host communities that require international protection;", "Notes that States and the Office of the High Commissioner must discuss and clarify the role of the Office in mixed migratory flows in order to better address the protection needs of mixed migratory flows, including by guaranteeing asylum for those in need of international protection, and notes the willingness of the High Commissioner to assist States in fulfilling their protection responsibilities in this regard, in accordance with its mandate;", "Emphasizes the obligation of all States to accept the return of their nationals, calls upon States to facilitate the return of their nationals who are identified as requiring international protection, and affirms that the return of the persons concerned must be carried out in a safe and human manner and with full respect for human rights and dignity, regardless of their status;", "Expresses concern at the challenges posed by climate change and environmental degradation to the protection activities of the Office of the High Commissioner and the activities of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to assist vulnerable people, in particular the least developed countries, and urges the Office, within its mandate, to address such challenges in its work in consultation with national authorities and in cooperation with the competent authorities;", "Urges all States and relevant non-governmental organizations and other organizations, together with the Office of the High Commissioner, to cooperate and mobilize resources in a spirit of international solidarity, burden-sharing and shared responsibility in order to enhance the capacity of host countries, in particular those hosting large numbers of refugees and asylum-seekers, in order to alleviate their burdens and their generosity; calls upon the Office of the High Commissioner to continue to play a catalytic role in mobilizing international assistance to address the root causes of the large number of refugees in developing countries, in particular least developed countries and countries with economies in transition, while mitigating the economic, environmental and social impacts of the large number of those who remain vulnerable in society;", "Expresses deep concern at the current and potential challenges posed by the world financial and economic crisis to the activities of the Office of the High Commissioner;", "Calls upon the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees to study further ways of expanding the sources of contributions so as to better share burdens through enhanced cooperation with Government donors, non-governmental donors and the private sector;", "Recognizes that the Office of the High Commissioner must have adequate resources in a timely manner in order to continue to carry out its constitution [8] and its subsequent resolutions on refugees and other persons of concern, and recalls General Assembly resolutions 58/153 of 22 December 2003, 58/270 of 23 December 2003, 59/170 of 20 December 2004, 60/129 of 16 December 2005, 61/137 of 19 December 2006, 62/124 of 18 December 2007, and calls upon all Governments to respond promptly to the resource requirements of the Office and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, in accordance with its resolution 62/208 of 12 December 2009, and its resolution 64/1 of 18 December 2009, and its appeal to donors for 2009,", "Requests the High Commissioner to report on her activities to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 12 (A/64/12).", "[2] Ibid., Supplement No. 12A (A/64/22/Add.1).", "[3] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 189, No. 2545.", "[4] Ibid., vol. 989, No. 14458.", "[5] Ibid., vol. 606, No. 8791.", "[6] Ibid., vol. 360, No. 5158.", "[7] Available from www.unhcr.org.", "[8] Resolution 428 (V), annex." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/456)通过]", "66/134. 扩大联合国难民事务高级专员方案执行委员会", "大会，", "表示注意到经济及社会理事会有关扩大联合国难民事务高级专员方案执行委员会的2011年7月28日第2011/263号决定，", "又表示注意到2011年3月1日阿塞拜疆常驻联合国代表给秘书长的信[1] 和 2011年7月11日卢旺达常驻日内瓦联合国办事处及其他国际组织代表团临时代办给经济及社会理事会主席的信[2] 中所载关于扩大执行委员会的请求，", "1. 决定将联合国难民事务高级专员方案执行委员会的成员数目从八十五个增至八十七个国家；", "2. 请经济及社会理事会在其2012年组织会议续会上选举新增成员。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] E/2011/75。", "[2] E/2011/130。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/456)]", "66/134. Enlargement of the Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees", "The General Assembly,", "Taking note of Economic and Social Council decision 2011/263 of 28 July 2011 concerning the enlargement of the Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees,", "Taking note also of the request regarding the enlargement of the Executive Committee contained in the letter dated 1 March 2011 from the Permanent Representative of Azerbaijan to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary‑General[1] and the letter dated 11 July 2011 from the Chargé d’affaires a.i. of the Permanent Mission of Rwanda to the United Nations Office and other international organizations in Geneva addressed to the President of the Economic and Social Council,[2]", "1. Decides to increase the number of members of the Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees from eighty‑five States to eighty‑seven States;", "2. Requests the Economic and Social Council to elect the additional members at its resumed organizational session for 2012.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  E/2011/75.", "[2]  E/2011/130." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/456)]", "Expand the Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees", "The General Assembly,", "Taking note of Economic and Social Council decision 2011/263 of 28 July 2011 on the expansion of the Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees,", "Taking note also of the request contained in the letter dated 1 March 2011 from the Permanent Representative of Azerbaijan to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Economic and Social Council, contained in the letter dated 11 July 2011 from the Chargé d'affaires a.i. of the Permanent Mission of Rwanda to the United Nations Office in Geneva and of other international organizations concerning the expansion of the Executive Committee,", "Decides to increase the membership of the Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees from 82 to 87 States;", "Requests the Economic and Social Council to elect additional members at its resumed organizational session for 2012.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "Ent 75.", "[2] Ent 130." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/456)通过]", "66/135. 向非洲境内难民、回返者和流离失所者提供援助", "大会，", "回顾1969年非洲统一组织关于非洲难民问题某些特定方面的《公约》[1] 和《非洲人权和人民权利宪章》，[2]", "重申1951年《关于难民地位的公约》[3] 及其1967年《议定书》[4] 以及1969年非洲统一组织《公约》作为补充，仍然是非洲境内难民国际保护制度的基础，", "欣见非洲联盟《保护和援助非洲境内流离失所者公约》[5] 获得通过并正处于批准进程，这是朝着加强国家和区域保护和援助境内流离失所者规范框架迈出的重要一步，", "认识到难民和其他受关注人员中的妇女和儿童特别脆弱，包括易受到歧视、性虐待和身体虐待，因此确认必须防止和应对性暴力和性别暴力行为，", "严重关切非洲大陆不同地区难民人数不断增多，", "确认会员国、联合国难民事务高级专员和其他利益攸关方在改善难民境况方面作出的努力，并表示严重关切非洲许多难民营的生活条件不断恶化，", "认识到难民、境内流离失所者，特别是妇女和儿童，受艾滋病毒和艾滋病、疟疾及其他传染病感染的风险增大，", "回顾联合国难民事务高级专员办事处分别于2011年3月和4月在乌干达和赞比亚与难民妇女和女孩展开关于保护方面难题及解决办法的区域对话，", "欢迎2011年9月24日在纽约举行的关于非洲之角危机人道主义救援问题部长级小型峰会、2011年8月25日非洲联盟在亚的斯亚贝巴举行的非洲之角问题认捐会议和2011年8月17日伊斯兰合作组织在土耳其伊斯坦布尔举行的索马里问题认捐会议，以及2011年9月8日和9日在内罗毕举行的主题为“结束干旱紧急情况——致力于可持续解决办法”的政府间发展管理局和东非共同体非洲之角危机问题联合峰会，这些会议的目的是提高认识和调动资源以应对非洲之角的危机，在此方面表示赞赏各国以及各个国际、区域和次区域组织及其他发展伙伴作出的宝贵贡献，", "赞赏地注意到非洲之角危机问题联合峰会上通过的《联合宣言》，其中除其他外表示关切非洲之角当前干旱和饥荒所致人道主义危机造成大量难民涌入邻国，境内流离失所者增加，", "又赞赏地注意到2006年大湖区问题国际会议通过的《大湖区安全、稳定和发展公约》[6] 及其各项文书，尤其是《公约》其中两项议定书涉及对流离失所者的保护问题，即《保护和援助境内流离失所者议定书》和《回返者财产权议定书》，", "赞赏地确认一些非洲国家慷慨、热忱、富有团结精神，继续容留因近期人道主义危机和旷日持久难民局势而大量涌入的难民，在这方面表示特别赞赏相关邻国在科特迪瓦、利比亚和非洲之角近期人道主义危机中作出的承诺和努力，此外还赞赏地确认联合国对人道主义援助所作的协调以及各捐助方、包括联合国难民事务高级专员办事处在内的联合国系统各机构、区域组织、国际机构、非政府组织和其他伙伴为解决紧急情况中难民的困境而持续作出的努力，包括促成自愿回返、重返社会和重新安置，", "确认容留国对各自境内难民的保护和援助负有首要责任，同时需要加倍努力，与国际社会妥善合作，分担重负和共担责任，制订和执行全面持久的解决战略，", "强调各国在为自身管辖范围内的境内流离失所者提供保护和援助以及与国际社会妥善合作消除流离失所问题的根源方面，负有首要责任，", "欣见1951年《关于难民地位的公约》六十周年、1961年《减少无国籍状态公约》[7] 五十周年，在此方面欢迎高级专员办事处在2011年12月7日和8日召集一次部长级政府间活动以纪念两个周年，", "1. 表示注意到秘书长的报告[8] 和联合国难民事务高级专员的报告；[9]", "2. 促请尚未签署或批准非洲联盟《保护和援助非洲境内流离失所者公约》⁵ 的非洲会员国考虑尽早签署和批准该公约，以确保其早日生效和执行；", "3. 指出非洲会员国需要坚决消除非洲境内一切形式被迫流离失所现象的根源，并在整个非洲大陆促进和平、稳定和繁荣，以防止难民潮；", "4. 深为关切地注意到，尽管联合国、非洲联盟和其他方面迄今已作出各种努力，非洲境内难民和流离失所者的境况仍然岌岌可危；促请武装冲突国家当事方和其他当事方考虑到武装冲突是造成非洲境内人民被迫流离失所的主要原因之一，严格遵守国际人道主义法的文字和精神；", "5． 欢迎非洲联盟执行理事会2011年1月24日至28日在亚的斯亚贝巴举行的第十八届常会和2011年6月23日至28日在马拉博举行的第十九届常会分别通过的关于非洲境内难民、回返者和流离失所者人道主义境况的EX.CL/Dec.629(XVIII)和EX.CL/Dec.653(XIX)号决定；[10]", "6. 表示赞赏联合国难民事务高级专员办事处所展示的领导能力，赞扬该办事处不断努力，在国际社会支持下，援助非洲各庇护国，包括向脆弱的当地收容社区提供支助，并回应非洲境内难民、回返者和流离失所者的保护和援助需要；", "7. 赞赏地注意到非洲联盟及其常驻代表委员会难民、回返者和境内流离失所者问题小组委员会以及非洲人权和人民权利委员会为确保向非洲境内难民、回返者和流离失所者提供保护和援助而采取的举措，特别是非洲难民、寻求庇护者、移徙者和境内流离失所者问题特别报告员的作用；", "8. 回顾联合国难民事务高级专员方案执行委员会在2010年10月4日至8日第六十一届会议上通过的关于残疾难民及受高级专员办事处保护和援助的其他残疾人士的结论；[11] 认可该委员会2011年10月3日至7日第六十二届会议的工作报告；[12]", "9. 确认年龄、性别和多样性主流化工作非常有助于通过参与式办法确定难民社区不同成员在保护方面所面临的风险，特别是对妇女、儿童、残疾人和老年人的不歧视待遇和保护问题；", "10. 申明在被迫流离失所情况下，儿童因其年龄、社会地位及身心发育状况而比成人更为脆弱，确认被迫流离失所、回返至冲突后环境、融入新的社会环境、长期流离失所以及无国籍状态可能会增加儿童保护方面的风险，同时考虑到在武装冲突中难民儿童更有可能被迫面临身心伤害、剥削和死亡的风险，并且确认更广泛的环境因素及个人风险因素，特别是如果两者相结合，可能会产生不同的保护需求；", "11. 确认只有可持续的办法才是持久解决流离失所问题的办法，因此鼓励高级专员办事处支持自愿回返、重返社会和重新安置的可持续性；", "12. 又确认必须以尽早登记和有效登记制度及普查作为一个保护手段，并以此为依据计算和评估提供和分发人道主义援助方面的需求，采取妥善的持久解决办法；", "13. 回顾高级专员方案执行委员会第五十二届会议通过的关于难民和寻求庇护者的登记问题的结论，[13] 注意到仍无任何身份证明文件的难民和寻求庇护者面临多种形式的骚扰，回顾各国有责任对本国境内难民进行登记，高级专员办事处或经授权的国际机构酌情也有责任进行登记，在这方面重申出于保护方面的考虑，及早而有效地登记和发证可在加强保护和协助寻找持久解决办法方面发挥中心作用，促请高级专员办事处在有关国家无法对本国境内难民进行登记的情况下酌情帮助其进行登记；", "14. 促请国际社会，包括各国、高级专员办事处和联合国其他相关组织，在各自任务范围内采取具体行动，满足难民、回返者和流离失所者的保护和援助需要，并慷慨捐助旨在缓解困境、协助持久解决难民和流离失所者问题以及支助当地脆弱的收容社区的项目和方案；", "15. 重申必须及时、充分地援助和保护难民、回返者和流离失所者，又重申援助与保护相辅相成，物质援助不足和粮食短缺有损保护工作，指出必须采取以权利和社区为本的方针，与难民、回返者和流离失所者个人及其社区进行建设性接触，以实现合理公平地获得食物和其他形式物质援助的目标，同时表示关切存在着未达到最低援助标准的情况，包括尚未进行适当需求评估的情况；", "16. 又重申国际社会所有成员的国际团结可推动各国更加尊重各自的保护难民责任，而且国际社会本着各国团结及分担重负和共担责任的精神致力于国际合作，将使难民保护制度得以加强；", "17. 还重申容留国在确保所提供庇护的平民性质和人道主义性质方面承担首要责任，促请各国与国际组织在这些组织的任务范围内进行合作，采取一切必要措施，确保尊重难民保护方面的原则，特别是确保难民营的平民性质和人道主义性质不致由于武装分子的存在或活动而遭到损害或被用于不符合平民性质的目的，并鼓励高级专员与各国和其他相关行为体协商，继续作出努力，确保难民营的平民性质和人道主义性质；", "18. 谴责所有对难民和寻求庇护者人身安全和福祉构成威胁的行为，例如推回、非法驱逐和人身攻击；促请避难国酌情与国际组织合作采取一切必要措施，以确保关于难民保护的各项原则，包括给予寻求庇护者人道待遇的原则受到尊重；感兴趣地注意到高级专员继续采取步骤，鼓励制订措施以更好地确保庇护的平民性质和人道主义性质；鼓励高级专员与各国和其他相关行为体协商，继续这些努力；", "19. 痛惜暴力和不安全状况继续存在，对高级专员办事处和其他人道主义组织工作人员的安全与保障不断构成威胁，妨碍办事处有效执行任务，限制办事处各执行伙伴和其他人道主义人员履行各自人道主义职能的能力；敦促各国、冲突当事方和所有其他相关行为体采取一切必要措施，保护人道主义援助活动，防止攻击和绑架国家和国际人道主义工作人员，确保办事处人员和财产以及办事处授权行使职能的所有人道主义组织的人员和财产的安全与保障；促请各国全面调查针对人道主义人员实施的任何罪行，并将这种罪行的责任人绳之以法；", "20. 促请高级专员办事处、非洲联盟、次区域组织和所有非洲国家与联合国系统各机构、政府间组织和非政府组织以及国际社会一起，共同加强和振兴现有的伙伴关系，并建立新的伙伴关系，以支持难民、寻求庇护者和境内流离失所者保护制度；", "21. 促请高级专员办事处、国际社会和其他有关实体通过适当的能力建设活动，继续并酌情更大力地支持非洲国家政府特别是容留大量难民和寻求庇护者的国家政府，包括为此而培训相关官员，散发有关难民文书和原则的资料，提供财政、技术和咨询服务以加速制订或修正及执行与难民有关的立法，加强应急行动，并提高协调人道主义活动的能力；", "22. 重申回返权利和自愿遣返原则，呼吁原籍国和庇护国创造有利于自愿遣返的条件，并确认虽然自愿遣返仍是首要的解决方法，但在处理由于原籍国当前局势而不能返回家园的非洲难民的情况时，酌情就地安置和在第三国重新安置也是可行的办法；", "23. 又重申自愿遣返不必以原籍国境内实现政治解决为条件，以免妨碍难民行使其回返权利，确认自愿遣返和重返社会进程通常以原籍国的情况为导向，尤其要确认可以在安全、有尊严的情况下实现自愿遣返，并敦促高级专员通过制定持久的长期解决办法，以推动可持续回返，尤其是对于旷日持久的难民情况而言；", "24. 促请国际捐助界酌情与容留国达成协议，遵循人道主义宗旨，提供财政和物质援助，以便执行既有益于难民也有益于容留社区的社区发展方案；", "25. 呼吁国际社会本着团结、分担重负和共担责任的精神，积极回应在第三国重新安置非洲难民的需要，在这方面指出必须战略性地使用重新安置办法，作为根据具体情况全面应对难民局势的部分举措，为此鼓励各国、高级专员办事处和其他相关合作伙伴酌情并在可行情况下充分利用《重新安置多边谅解框架》，[14] 并在此方面赞扬高级专员办事处最近于2011年4月努力启动了“全球声援重新安置工作倡议”，赞扬一些国家努力对此作出慷慨响应；", "26. 促请国际捐助界酌情提供物质和财政援助，以执行旨在恢复受庇护国境内难民以及境内流离失所者影响的环境和基础设施的方案；", "27. 敦促国际社会本着国际团结和分担重负的精神，继续慷慨资助高级专员办事处的难民方案，同时考虑到由于遣返可能性等原因，非洲对有关方案的需求大增，因此应确保非洲能获得合理公平份额的难民专用资源；", "28. 鼓励高级专员办事处和相关国家查明旷日持久的难民情况，以便制定具体、多边、全面和切实的办法，解决此种难民情况，包括在多边框架内更好地分担国际重负和共担国际责任，实现持久解决；", "29. 表示严重关切非洲境内流离失所者的困境，注意到非洲各国努力加强保护和援助境内流离失所者的区域机制，促请各国采取具体行动，以防出现境内流离失所情况并回应境内流离失所者的保护和援助需要，在这方面回顾《关于境内流离失所问题的指导原则》，[15] 表示注意到高级专员办事处当前开展的保护和援助境内流离失所者活动，包括在这一领域有关机构间安排范围内开展的活动，强调此类活动应符合大会相关决议，且无损办事处的难民任务和庇护制度，并鼓励高级专员就办事处这方面的作用，继续同各国进行对话；", "30. 邀请境内流离失所者人权问题特别报告员按照任务规定，继续同有关会员国、政府间组织和非政府组织不断进行对话，并将对话情况载入他提交人权理事会和大会的报告；", "31. 请秘书长在题为“联合国难民事务高级专员的报告：有关难民、回返者和流离失所者的问题和人道主义问题”的项目下，向大会第六十七届会议提交一份全面报告，说明对非洲境内难民、回返者和流离失所者的援助情况，同时充分考虑到庇护国所作的努力。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第1001卷，第14691号。", "[2] 同上，第1520卷，第26363号。", "[3] 同上，第189卷，第2545号。", "[4] 同上，第606卷，第8791号。", "[5] 可查阅www.africa-union.org。", "[6] 可查阅www.icglr.org。", "[7] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第989卷，第14458号。", "[8] A/66/321。", "[9] 《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第12号》(A/66/12)。", "[10] 见非洲联盟EX.CL/Dec.600-643(XVIII)和EX.CL/Dec.644-667(XIX)号文件。可查阅www.africa-union.org。", "[11] 《大会正式记录，第六十五届会议，补编第12A号》(A/65/12/Add.1)，第三章，A节。", "[12] 同上《第六十六届会议，补编第12A号》(A/66/12/Add.1)。", "[13] 同上，《第五十六届会议，补编第12A号》(A/56/12/Add.1)，第三章，B节。", "[14] 可查阅www.unhcr.org。", "[15] E/CN.4/1998/53/Add.2，附件。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/456)]", "66/135. Assistance to refugees, returnees and displaced persons in Africa", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling the Organization of African Unity Convention governing the specific aspects of refugee problems in Africa of 1969[1] and the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights,[2]", "Reaffirming that the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees,[3] together with the 1967 Protocol thereto,[4] as complemented by the Organization of African Unity Convention of 1969, remains the foundation of the international refugee protection regime in Africa,", "Welcoming the adoption, and the ongoing ratification process, of the African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa,[5] which marks a significant step towards strengthening the national and regional normative framework for the protection of and assistance to internally displaced persons,", "Recognizing the particular vulnerability of women and children among refugees and other persons of concern, including exposure to discrimination and sexual and physical abuse, and in this regard acknowledging the importance of preventing and responding to sexual and gender‑based violence,", "Gravely concerned about the rising number of refugees in various parts of the continent,", "Acknowledging the efforts of Member States, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and other stakeholders in improving the situation of refugees, and expressing grave concern about the deteriorating living conditions in many refugee camps in Africa,", "Recognizing that refugees, internally displaced persons and, in particular, women and children are at an increased risk of exposure to HIV and AIDS, malaria and other infectious diseases,", "Recalling the regional dialogues that the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees undertook on protection challenges and solutions with refugee women and girls in Uganda and Zambia in March and April 2011, respectively,", "Welcoming the ministerial mini‑summit on the humanitarian response to the Horn of Africa crisis, held in New York on 24 September 2011, the African Union pledging conference for the Horn of Africa, held in Addis Ababa on 25 August 2011, and the Organization for Islamic Cooperation pledging meeting on Somalia, held in Istanbul, Turkey, on 17 August 2011, as well as the Intergovernmental Authority on Development and East African Community joint summit on the Horn of Africa crisis on the theme “Ending Drought Emergencies: A Commitment to Sustainable Solutions”, held in Nairobi on 8 and 9 September 2011, dedicated to raising awareness and mobilizing resources to address the crisis in the Horn of Africa, and in this context expressing appreciation for the valuable contributions of countries and international, regional and subregional organizations, as well as other relevant partners,", "Noting with appreciation the Joint Declaration adopted at the joint summit on the Horn of Africa crisis, which, inter alia, expressed concern about the mass exodus of refugees into neighbouring countries, as well as the increased number of internally displaced persons due to the current humanitarian crises of drought and famine in the Horn of Africa,", "Noting with appreciation also the Pact on Security, Stability and Development in the Great Lakes Region, adopted by the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region in 2006,[6] and its instruments, in particular two of the protocols to the Pact, which are relevant to the protection of displaced persons, namely, the Protocol on the Protection of and Assistance to Internally Displaced Persons and the Protocol on the Property Rights of Returning Persons,", "Acknowledging with appreciation the generosity, hospitality and spirit of solidarity of African countries that continue to host the influx of refugees due to recent humanitarian crises and protracted refugee situations and, in this regard, expressing particular appreciation for the commitment and efforts of neighbouring countries in the recent humanitarian crises in Côte d’Ivoire, Libya and the Horn of Africa, and further acknowledging with appreciation the coordination of humanitarian assistance by the United Nations as well as the continuing efforts of donors, the United Nations system, including the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, regional organizations, international agencies, non‑governmental organizations and other partners, with regard to, inter alia, voluntary return, reintegration and resettlement, in addressing the plight of refugees during the emergency,", "Recognizing that host States have the primary responsibility for the protection of and assistance to refugees on their territory, and the need to redouble efforts to develop and implement comprehensive durable solution strategies, in appropriate cooperation with the international community, and burden‑ and responsibility‑sharing,", "Emphasizing that States have the primary responsibility to provide protection and assistance to internally displaced persons within their jurisdiction, as well as to address the root causes of the displacement problem, in appropriate cooperation with the international community,", "Welcoming the sixtieth anniversary of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and the fiftieth anniversary of the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness,[7] and welcoming in this context the convening, by the Office of the High Commissioner, of an intergovernmental event at the ministerial level on 7 and 8 December 2011 to commemorate these anniversaries,", "1. Takes note of the reports of the Secretary‑General[8] and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees;[9]", "2. Calls upon African Member States that have not yet signed or ratified the African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa⁵ to consider doing so as early as possible in order to ensure its early entry into force and implementation;", "3. Notes the need for African Member States to address resolutely the root causes of all forms of forced displacement in Africa and to foster peace, stability and prosperity throughout the African continent so as to forestall flows of refugees;", "4. Notes with great concern that, despite all of the efforts made so far by the United Nations, the African Union and others, the situation of refugees and displaced persons in Africa remains precarious, and calls upon States and other parties to armed conflict to observe scrupulously the letter and spirit of international humanitarian law, bearing in mind that armed conflict is one of the principal causes of forced displacement in Africa;", "5. Welcomes decisions EX.CL/Dec.629 (XVIII) and EX.CL/Dec.653 (XIX) on the humanitarian situation in Africa, insofar as they relate to refugees, returnees and displaced persons, adopted by the Executive Council of the African Union at its eighteenth ordinary session, held in Addis Ababa from 24 to 28 January 2011, and at its nineteenth ordinary session, held in Malabo from 23 to 28 June 2011, respectively;[10]", "6. Expresses its appreciation for the leadership shown by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, and commends the Office for its ongoing efforts, with the support of the international community, to assist African countries of asylum, including by providing support to vulnerable local host communities, and to respond to the protection and assistance needs of refugees, returnees and displaced persons in Africa;", "7. Notes with appreciation the initiatives taken by the African Union, the Subcommittee on Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons of its Permanent Representatives Committee, and the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, in particular the role of its Special Rapporteur on Refugees, Asylum‑Seekers, Migrants and Internally Displaced Persons in Africa, to ensure the protection of and assistance to refugees, returnees and displaced persons in Africa;", "8. Recalls the adoption by the Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees of the conclusion on refugees with disabilities and other persons with disabilities protected and assisted by the Office of the High Commissioner, at its sixty‑first session, held from 4 to 8 October 2010,[11] and endorses its report on the work of its sixty‑second session, held from 3 to 7 October 2011;[12]", "9. Acknowledges the important contribution of age, gender and diversity mainstreaming in identifying, through a participatory approach, the protection risks faced by the different members of the refugee communities, in particular the non‑discriminatory treatment and protection of women, children, persons with disabilities and the elderly;", "10. Affirms that children, because of their age, social status and physical and mental development, are often more vulnerable than adults in situations of forced displacement, recognizes that forced displacement, return to post‑conflict situations, integration in new societies, protracted situations of displacement and statelessness can increase child protection risks, taking into account the particular vulnerability of refugee children to forcible exposure to the risks of physical and psychological injury, exploitation and death in connection with armed conflict, and acknowledges that wider environmental factors and individual risk factors, particularly when combined, may generate different protection needs;", "11. Recognizes that no solution to displacement can be durable unless it is sustainable, and therefore encourages the Office of the High Commissioner to support the sustainability of voluntary return, reintegration and resettlement;", "12. Also recognizes the importance of early registration and effective registration systems and censuses as a tool of protection and as a means to the quantification and assessment of needs for the provision and distribution of humanitarian assistance and to implement appropriate durable solutions;", "13. Recalls the conclusion on registration of refugees and asylum‑seekers adopted by the Executive Committee of the Programme of the High Commissioner at its fifty‑second session,[13] notes the many forms of harassment faced by refugees and asylum‑seekers who remain without any form of documentation attesting to their status, recalls the responsibility of States to register refugees on their territories and, as appropriate, the responsibility of the Office of the High Commissioner or mandated international bodies to do so, reiterates in this context the central role that early and effective registration and documentation can play, guided by protection considerations, in enhancing protection and supporting efforts to find durable solutions, and calls upon the Office, as appropriate, to help States to conduct this procedure should they be unable to register refugees on their territory;", "14. Calls upon the international community, including States and the Office of the High Commissioner and other relevant United Nations organizations, within their respective mandates, to take concrete action to meet the protection and assistance needs of refugees, returnees and displaced persons and to contribute generously to projects and programmes aimed at alleviating their plight, facilitating durable solutions for refugees and displaced persons and supporting vulnerable local host communities;", "15. Reaffirms the importance of timely and adequate assistance and protection for refugees, returnees and displaced persons, also reaffirms that assistance and protection are mutually reinforcing and that inadequate material assistance and food shortages undermine protection, notes the importance of a rights‑ and community‑based approach in engaging constructively with individual refugees, returnees and displaced persons and their communities so as to achieve fair and equitable access to food and other forms of material assistance, and expresses concern in regard to situations in which minimum standards of assistance are not met, including those in which adequate needs assessments have yet to be undertaken;", "16. Also reaffirms that respect by States for their protection responsibilities towards refugees is strengthened by international solidarity involving all members of the international community and that the refugee protection regime is enhanced through committed international cooperation in a spirit of solidarity and burden‑ and responsibility‑sharing among all States;", "17. Further reaffirms that host States have the primary responsibility to ensure the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum, calls upon States, in cooperation with international organizations, within their mandates, to take all measures necessary to ensure respect for the principles of refugee protection and, in particular, to ensure that the civilian and humanitarian nature of refugee camps is not compromised by the presence or the activities of armed elements or used for purposes that are incompatible with their civilian character, and encourages the High Commissioner to continue efforts, in consultation with States and other relevant actors, to ensure the civilian and humanitarian character of camps;", "18. Condemns all acts that pose a threat to the personal security and well‑being of refugees and asylum‑seekers, such as refoulement, unlawful expulsion and physical attacks, calls upon States of refuge, in cooperation with international organizations, where appropriate, to take all measures necessary to ensure respect for the principles of refugee protection, including the humane treatment of asylum‑seekers, notes with interest that the High Commissioner has continued to take steps to encourage the development of measures to better ensure the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum, and encourages the High Commissioner to continue those efforts, in consultation with States and other relevant actors;", "19. Deplores the continuing violence and insecurity which constitute an ongoing threat to the safety and security of staff members of the Office of the High Commissioner and other humanitarian organizations and an obstacle to the effective fulfilment of the mandate of the Office and the ability of its implementing partners and other humanitarian personnel to discharge their respective humanitarian functions, urges States, parties to conflict and all other relevant actors to take all measures necessary to protect activities related to humanitarian assistance, prevent attacks on and kidnapping of national and international humanitarian workers and ensure the safety and security of the personnel and property of the Office and that of all humanitarian organizations discharging functions mandated by the Office, and calls upon States to investigate fully any crime committed against humanitarian personnel and bring to justice the persons responsible for such crimes;", "20. Calls upon the Office of the High Commissioner, the African Union, subregional organizations and all African States, in conjunction with agencies of the United Nations system, intergovernmental and non‑governmental organizations and the international community, to strengthen and revitalize existing partnerships and forge new ones in support of the protection system for refugees, asylum‑seekers and internally displaced persons;", "21. Calls upon the Office of the High Commissioner, the international community and other entities concerned to continue and, where appropriate, intensify their support to African Governments through appropriate capacity‑building activities, including training of relevant officers, disseminating information about refugee instruments and principles, providing financial, technical and advisory services to accelerate the enactment or amendment and implementation of legislation relating to refugees, strengthening emergency response and enhancing capacities for the coordination of humanitarian activities, in particular those Governments that have received large numbers of refugees and asylum‑seekers;", "22. Reaffirms the right of return and the principle of voluntary repatriation, appeals to countries of origin and countries of asylum to create conditions that are conducive to voluntary repatriation, and recognizes that, while voluntary repatriation remains the pre‑eminent solution, local integration and third‑country resettlement, where appropriate and feasible, are also viable options for dealing with the situation of African refugees who, owing to prevailing circumstances in their respective countries of origin, are unable to return home;", "23. Also reaffirms that voluntary repatriation should not necessarily be conditioned on the accomplishment of political solutions in the country of origin in order not to impede the exercise of the refugees’ right to return, recognizes that the voluntary repatriation and reintegration process is normally guided by the conditions in the country of origin, in particular that voluntary repatriation can be accomplished in conditions of safety and dignity, and urges the High Commissioner to promote sustainable return through the development of durable and lasting solutions, particularly in protracted refugee situations;", "24. Calls upon the international donor community to provide financial and material assistance that allows for the implementation of community‑based development programmes that benefit both refugees and host communities, as appropriate, in agreement with host countries and consistent with humanitarian objectives;", "25. Appeals to the international community to respond positively, in the spirit of solidarity and burden‑ and responsibility‑sharing, to the third‑country resettlement needs of African refugees, notes in this regard the importance of using resettlement strategically, as part of situation‑specific comprehensive responses to refugee situations, and to this end encourages States, the Office of the High Commissioner and other relevant partners to make full use of the Multilateral Framework of Understandings on Resettlement,[14] where appropriate and feasible; and in this context commends recent efforts by the Office of the High Commissioner in launching the Global Resettlement Solidarity Initiative in April 2011 and by States that have responded generously in this respect;", "26. Calls upon the international donor community to provide material and financial assistance for the implementation of programmes intended for the rehabilitation of the environment and infrastructure affected by refugees in countries of asylum as well as internally displaced persons, where appropriate;", "27. Urges the international community, in the spirit of international solidarity and burden‑sharing, to continue to fund generously the refugee programmes of the Office of the High Commissioner and, taking into account the substantially increased needs of programmes in Africa, inter alia, as a result of repatriation possibilities, to ensure that Africa receives a fair and equitable share of the resources designated for refugees;", "28. Encourages the Office of the High Commissioner and interested States to identify protracted refugee situations which might lend themselves to resolution through the development of specific, multilateral, comprehensive and practical approaches to resolving such refugee situations, including the improvement of international burden‑ and responsibility‑sharing and the realization of durable solutions, within a multilateral context;", "29. Expresses grave concern about the plight of internally displaced persons in Africa, notes the efforts of African States in strengthening the regional mechanisms for the protection of and assistance to internally displaced persons, calls upon States to take concrete action to pre‑empt internal displacement and to meet the protection and assistance needs of internally displaced persons, recalls in that regard the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement,[15] takes note of the current activities of the Office of the High Commissioner related to the protection of and assistance to internally displaced persons, including in the context of inter‑agency arrangements in this field, emphasizes that such activities should be consistent with relevant General Assembly resolutions and should not undermine the refugee mandate of the Office and the institution of asylum, and encourages the High Commissioner to continue his dialogue with States on the role of his Office in this regard;", "30. Invites the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons to continue his ongoing dialogue with Member States and the intergovernmental and non‑governmental organizations concerned, in accordance with his mandate, and to include information thereon in his reports to the Human Rights Council and the General Assembly;", "31. Requests the Secretary‑General to submit a comprehensive report on assistance to refugees, returnees and displaced persons in Africa to the General Assembly at its sixty‑seventh session, taking fully into account the efforts expended by countries of asylum, under the item entitled “Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, questions relating to refugees, returnees and displaced persons and humanitarian questions”.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1001, No. 14691.", "[2]  Ibid., vol. 1520, No. 26363.", "[3]  Ibid., vol. 189, No. 2545.", "[4]  Ibid., vol. 606, No. 8791.", "[5]  Available from www.africa‑union.org.", "[6]  Available from www.icglr.org.", "[7]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 989, No. 14458.", "[8]  A/66/321.", "[9]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty‑sixth Session, Supplement No. 12 (A/66/12).", "[10]  See African Union, documents EX.CL/Dec.600‑643 (XVIII) and EX.CL/Dec.644‑667 (XIX). Available from www.africa‑union.org.", "[11]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty‑fifth Session, Supplement No. 12A (A/65/12/Add.1), chap. III, sect. A.", "[12]  Ibid., Sixty‑sixth Session, Supplement No. 12A (A/66/12/Add.1).", "[13]  Ibid., Fifty‑sixth Session, Supplement No. 12A (A/56/12/Add.1), chap. III, sect. B.", "[14]  Available from www.unhcr.org.", "[15]  E/CN.4/1998/53/Add.2, annex." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/456)]", "Assistance to refugees, returnees and displaced persons in Africa", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling that the 1969 Organization of African Unity Convention on Certain Aspects of Refugee Problem in Africa, as well as the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights, [2]", "Reaffirming that the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees [3] and its 1967 Protocol [4], as well as the 1969 Organization of African Unity Convention, continue to serve as a basis for the international refugee protection regime in Africa,", "Welcoming the adoption by the African Union Convention on the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa [5] and the process of ratification, which is an important step towards strengthening national and regional frameworks for the protection and assistance of internally displaced persons,", "Recognizing that women and children in refugees and other persons of concern are particularly vulnerable, including vulnerable to discrimination, sexual abuse and physical abuse, and recognizing the importance of preventing and responding to sexual and gender violence,", "Gravely concerned at the increasing number of refugees in different parts of the continent,", "Recognizing the efforts made by Member States, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and other stakeholders to improve the situation of refugees, and expressing grave concern at the worsening living conditions in many refugee camps in Africa,", "Recognizing the increased risk of HIV and AIDS, malaria and other communicable diseases among refugees, internally displaced persons, especially women and children,", "Recalling the regional dialogue between the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and refugee women and girls in Uganda and Zambia in March and April 2011, respectively, on protection challenges and solutions,", "Welcoming the small Ministerial Summit on Humanitarian Assistance in the Horn of Africa, held in New York on 24 September 2011, the African Union Pledging Conference on the Horn of Africa, held in Addis Ababa on 25 August 2011 and the Pledging Conference on Somalia held in Istanbul, Turkey, and the joint summit of the Intergovernmental Authority on Development and the East African Community on the crisis in the Horn of Africa, held in Nairobi on 8 and 9 September 2011, aimed at raising awareness and mobilizing resources to address the crisis in the Horn of Africa, and expressing appreciation in this regard for the valuable contributions of States and international, regional and subregional organizations,", "Noting with appreciation the joint declaration adopted at the Joint Summit on the crisis in the Horn of Africa, in which it expressed concern, inter alia, about the influx of refugees into neighbouring countries resulting from the current drought and famine crises in the Horn of Africa, and the increase in internally displaced persons,", "Noting also with appreciation that the Convention on Security, Stability and Development in the Great Lakes Region, adopted at the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region in 2006, and its instruments, in particular the two of which relate to the protection of displaced persons, namely the Protocol on the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons and the Protocol on the Rights of Returnees,", "Acknowledging with appreciation the generosity, dedication and solidarity of a number of African countries and continuing to embrace the influx of refugees due to the recent humanitarian crisis and the protracted situation of refugees, and expressing in this regard its special appreciation for the commitments and efforts made by the neighbouring countries in Côte d'Ivoire, Libya and the Horn of Africa in recent humanitarian crises, and in addition to recognizing with appreciation the coordination of humanitarian assistance by the United Nations and the sustained efforts of donors, United Nations system agencies, regional organizations, international agencies, non-governmental organizations and other partners to address the plight of refugees in emergencies, including through voluntary return, reintegration and resettlement,", "Recognizing that the host State has the primary responsibility for the protection and assistance of refugees in its respective territories, and that there is a need to redouble its efforts to cooperate properly with the international community, share responsibility and share responsibility and develop and implement a comprehensive and lasting solution strategy,", "Emphasizing that States bear the primary responsibility for providing protection and assistance to internally displaced persons within their jurisdiction and for cooperating properly with the international community to eliminate the root causes of displacement,", "Welcoming the sixtieth anniversary of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness, 7] The fiftieth anniversary, and in this regard, welcoming the convening by the Office of the High Commissioner of a ministerial intergovernmental event on 7 and 8 December 2011 to mark the two-year anniversary.", "Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General [8] and the report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees; [9]", "Urges African Member States that have not signed or ratified the African Union Convention on the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa5 to consider signing and ratifying the Convention as soon as possible in order to ensure its early entry into force and implementation;", "Notes the need for African Member States to firmly address the root causes of all forms of forced displacement in Africa and to promote peace, stability and prosperity throughout the continent in order to prevent the influx of refugees;", "Notes with deep concern that, despite the efforts made so far by the United Nations, the African Union and others, the situation of refugees and displaced persons in Africa remains precarious; and urges parties and other parties to armed conflict to take into account that armed conflict is one of the main causes of forced displacement of people in Africa and to adhere strictly to the letter and spirit of international humanitarian law;", "Welcomes the decisions of the Eighteenth ordinary session of the African Union Executive Council, held in Addis Ababa from 24 to 28 January 2011 and the Nineteenth ordinary session, held in Malabo from 23 to 28 June 2011, respectively, on the humanitarian situation of refugees, returnees and displaced persons in Africa, CL/Dec.629 (XVIII) and EX.CL/Dec.653 (XIX); [10]", "Expresses its appreciation for the leadership shown by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, and commends the continuous efforts of the Office, with the support of African asylum-seekers, including vulnerable local host communities, and to respond to the protection and assistance needs of refugees, returnees and displaced persons in Africa;", "Notes with appreciation the initiatives undertaken by the African Union and its Permanent Representatives Commission on Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons, as well as the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights to ensure protection and assistance to refugees, returnees and displaced persons in Africa, in particular the role of the Special Rapporteur on refugees, asylum-seekers, migrants and internally displaced persons in Africa;", "Recalls the conclusions adopted by the Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees at its sixty-first session, from 4 to 8 October 2010, on refugees with disabilities and other persons with disabilities protected and assisted by the Office of the High Commissioner; [11] endorses the report of the Committee on its work at its sixty-second session, from 3 to 7 October 2011; [12]", "Acknowledges that age, gender and diversity mainstreaming is very useful in identifying the risks faced by different members of refugee communities in terms of protection through participatory approaches, in particular the non-discrimination treatment and protection of women, children, persons with disabilities and the elderly;", "Affirms that, in cases of forced displacement, children are more vulnerable than adults because of their age, social status and physical and mental development, and recognizes that forced displacement, return to post-conflict environments, integration into the new social environment, long-term displacement and statelessness may increase child protection risks, taking into account that refugee children in armed conflict are more likely to be forced to face physical and psychological harm, exploitation and death risks, and that broader environmental factors and personal risk factors, especially if combined, may result in different protection needs;", "Acknowledges that sustainable solutions are only a solution to the problem of displacement, and therefore encourages the Office of the High Commissioner to support the sustainability of voluntary return, reintegration and resettlement;", "Also recognizes the importance of the early registration and effective registration system and the census as a means of protection and as a basis for the calculation and assessment of the needs for the provision and distribution of humanitarian assistance, and for appropriate durable solutions;", "Recalls the conclusions adopted by the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner's Programme at its fifty-second session on the registration of refugees and asylum-seekers, and [13] notes that refugees and asylum-seekers who still have no identity documentation face multiple forms of harassment, recalls the responsibility of States to register refugees in their territories, as appropriate, by the Office of the High Commissioner or authorized international bodies, and, in this regard, reiterates, in view of protection considerations, that early and effective registration and issuance of documents can play a central role in strengthening protection and assistance in finding durable solutions, and urges the Office of the High Commissioner to facilitate registration, where appropriate, in the case of refugees in their countries;", "Urges the international community, including States, the Office of the High Commissioner and other relevant United Nations organizations, within their respective mandates, to take concrete action to meet the protection and assistance needs of refugees, returnees and displaced persons, and to contribute generously to projects and programmes aimed at alleviating the plight of refugees and displaced persons, assisting in a lasting solution to the problems of refugees and displaced persons and supporting vulnerable local host communities;", "Reaffirms the importance of timely, adequate assistance and protection of refugees, returnees and displaced persons, and reiterates that assistance and protection are mutually reinforcing, that material assistance is inadequate and food shortages undermine protection efforts, noting the need for a rights- and community-based approach to engage constructively with refugees, returnees and displaced persons and their communities in order to achieve the goal of fair and equitable access to food and other forms of material assistance, and expresses concern at the lack of compliance with the minimum aid standards, including the lack of adequate needs assessment;", "Also reaffirms that international solidarity among all members of the international community can promote greater respect for the responsibility of States for the protection of refugees and that the international community is committed to international cooperation in a spirit of solidarity and burden-sharing and shared responsibility, which will enhance the refugee protection regime;", "Further reaffirms the primary responsibility of the residual State in ensuring the civilian nature and humanitarian character of asylum provided, and urges States, in consultation with States and other relevant actors, to cooperate with international organizations within the mandate of these organizations, to take all necessary measures to ensure respect for the principles of refugee protection, in particular to ensure that the civilian nature and humanitarian character of refugee camps are not undermined or used for purposes that are not incompatible with the civilian character of the presence or activities of armed elements, and encourages the High Commissioner to continue his efforts, in consultation with States and other relevant actors, to ensure the civilian character and humanitarian character of refugee camps;", "Condemns all acts that pose a threat to the safety and well-being of refugees and asylum-seekers, such as rerefoulement, unlawful expulsion and physical attacks; urges the State of asylum to take all necessary measures, as appropriate, in cooperation with international organizations, to ensure respect for the principles of refugee protection, including the human treatment of asylum-seekers; notes with interest the continued steps taken by the High Commissioner to encourage the development of measures to better ensure the civilian character and humanitarian character of asylum; and encourages the High Commissioner to continue these efforts, in consultation with States and other relevant actors;", "Deplores the continuing violence and insecurity, which poses a constant threat to the safety and security of the staff of the Office of the High Commissioner and other humanitarian organizations, hampers the effective implementation of the mandate of the Office, limit the ability of the implementing partners and other humanitarian personnel of the Office to perform their respective humanitarian functions; urges States, parties to the conflict and all other relevant actors to take all necessary measures to protect humanitarian assistance activities, prevent attacks and abduction of national and international humanitarian workers, ensure the safety and security of the personnel and property of all humanitarian organizations authorized by the Office, and urges States to fully investigate any crimes committed against humanitarian personnel and to bring those responsible for such crimes to justice;", "Urges the Office of the High Commissioner, the African Union, subregional organizations and all African countries, together with the agencies of the United Nations system, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations and the international community, to strengthen and revitalize existing partnerships and to establish new partnerships to support the protection of refugees, asylum-seekers and internally displaced persons;", "Urges the Office of the High Commissioner, the international community and other relevant entities, through appropriate capacity-building activities, to continue and, where appropriate, to support the Governments of African States, in particular the Governments of countries hosting large numbers of refugees and asylum-seekers, including by training relevant officials to disseminate information on refugee instruments and principles, to provide financial, technical and advisory services to accelerate the development or amendment and implementation of refugee-related legislation, to strengthen emergency operations and to enhance the capacity to coordinate humanitarian activities;", "Reaffirms the principle of return rights and voluntary repatriation, and calls upon countries of origin and asylum to create conditions conducive to voluntary repatriation, and recognizes that while voluntary repatriation remains the primary solution, local integration and resettlement in third countries are also feasible when addressing the situation of African refugees who cannot return to their homes due to the current situation in their countries of origin;", "Also reaffirms that voluntary repatriation is not subject to political settlement in the country of origin, in order to prevent refugees from exercising their right to return, recognizes that the process of voluntary repatriation and reintegration is usually based on the situation of their countries of origin, in particular by recognizing that voluntary repatriation can be achieved in a safe and dignified manner, and urges the High Commissioner to promote sustainable returns, in particular for protracted refugee situations;", "Urges the international donor community, as appropriate, to reach agreement with the host State to provide financial and material assistance, consistent with humanitarian purposes, in order to implement community development programmes that benefit both refugees and host communities;", "Calls upon the international community, in a spirit of solidarity, burden-sharing and shared responsibility, to respond positively to the need for the resettlement of African refugees in third countries, and in this regard notes the need for a strategic approach to resettlement, as part of a comprehensive response to the situation of refugees, in that regard encourages States, the Office of the High Commissioner and other relevant partners, where appropriate and where feasible, to take full advantage of the Framework for the Resettlement of Multilateral Understanding, [14] and, in this regard, commends the recent efforts of the Office of the High Commissioner to launch the Global Solidarity Initiative in April 2011, and commends the efforts of some States to respond generously;", "Urges the international donor community, where appropriate, to provide material and financial assistance to implement programmes aimed at restoring the environment and infrastructure affected by refugees and internally displaced persons in the country of asylum;", "Urges the international community, in a spirit of international solidarity and burden-sharing, to continue to generously fund the UNHCR refugee programme, taking into account the significant increase in Africa's demand for the programmes, as a result of the possibility of repatriation, and therefore to ensure that Africa has access to adequate and equitable refugee resources;", "Encourages the Office of the High Commissioner and relevant States to identify protracted refugee situations in order to develop concrete, multilateral, comprehensive and practical solutions to such refugee situations, including through better sharing of international burdens and international responsibility within a multilateral framework for a lasting solution;", "Expresses grave concern at the plight of internally displaced persons in Africa, notes the efforts made by African States to strengthen regional mechanisms for the protection and assistance of internally displaced persons, urges States to take concrete action to prevent situations of internal displacement and respond to the protection and assistance needs of internally displaced persons, and, in this regard, recalls the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, [15] takes note of the ongoing activities undertaken by the Office of the High Commissioner to protect and assist internally displaced persons, including in the context of inter-agency arrangements in this field, stresses that such activities should be in line with relevant General Assembly resolutions and that the refugee mandates and asylum regime of the Office should continue to engage in dialogue with States;", "Invites the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons to continue to engage in continuous dialogue with relevant Member States, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, in accordance with his mandate, and to include the situation of dialogue in his reports to the Human Rights Council and the General Assembly;", "Requests the Secretary-General to submit a comprehensive report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session, under the item entitled “Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees: questions relating to refugees, returnees and displaced persons and humanitarian questions”, on assistance to refugees, returnees and displaced persons in Africa, taking fully into account the efforts of the countries of asylum.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1001, No. 14691.", "Ibid., vol. 1520, No. 26363.", "[3] Ibid., vol. 189, No. 2545.", "[4] Ibid., vol. 606, No. 8791.", "[5] Available from www.africa-union.org.", "[6] Available from www.icglr.org.", "United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 989, No. 14458.", "[8] A/63/321.", "[9] Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 12 (A/66/12).", "[10] See documents EX.CL/Dec.600-643 (XVIII) and EX.CL/Dec.644-667 (XIX). Available from www.africa-union.org.", "[11] Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-fifth Session, Supplement No. 12A (A/65/12/Add.1), chap. III, sect. A.", "[12] Ibid.", "[13] Ibid., Fifty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 12A (A/56/12/Add.1), chap. III, sect.", "[14] Available from www.unhcr.org.", "[15] E/CN.4/1998/53/Add.2, annex." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/457)通过]", "66/137. 联合国人权教育和培训宣言", "大会，", "欢迎人权理事会在其2011年3月23日第16/1号决议[1] 中通过了《联合国人权教育和培训宣言》，", "1. 通过本决议所附《联合国人权教育和培训宣言》；", "2. 请各国政府、联合国系统各专门机构和组织以及政府间组织和非政府组织加强努力传播《宣言》，促进对《宣言》的普遍尊重和了解，并请秘书长将《宣言》案文载入下一版的《人权：国际文书汇编》。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "附件", "联合国人权教育和培训宣言", "大会，", "重申《联合国宪章》关于增进并激励对于全体人类不分种族、性别、语言或宗教一概享有的所有人权和基本自由的尊重的宗旨和原则，", "又重申每个人和每个社会机体都应努力通过讲授和教育增进对人权和基本自由的尊重，", "还重申，人人均有受教育的权利，教育的方向应是人的个性和尊严的全面发展，使所有人都能切实成为自由社会的一分子，增进各民族和所有种族、族裔或宗教群体之间的理解、容忍和友谊，推进联合国维持和平、安全、促进发展和增进人权的活动，", "重申国家有责任根据《世界人权宣言》、[2] 《经济、社会、文化权利国际公约》[3] 和其他人权文书的规定，确保教育以加强对人权和基本自由的尊重为目标，", "确认人权教育和培训具有推动所有人权均得到增进、保护和切实兑现的至关重要的作用，", "重申1993年在维也纳举行的世界人权会议曾呼吁各国和所有机构将人权、人道主义法、民主和法治纳入所有教学机构的课程，呼吁中指出人权教育应包括各项国际和区域人权文书所提出的和平、民主、发展和社会正义等内容，以求达成共同的谅解和认识，加强对人权的普遍承诺，[4]", "回顾《2005年世界首脑会议成果》文件，其中各国元首和政府首脑支持在各级教育和学习机构增进人权教育，包括落实世界人权教育方案，首脑会议还鼓励各国在这方面采取主动行动，[5]", "抱着向国际社会发出一个强烈信号的愿望，争取通过所有利益攸关方集体做出承诺，全力加大人权教育和培训的力度，", "宣告如下：", "第一条", "1. 人人有权了解、寻求和得到所有人权和基本自由方面的信息，并可获得人权教育和培训。", "2. 根据人权的普世性、不可分割和相互依存的原则，人权教育和培训是促进人人享有的所有人权和基本自由得到普遍尊重和遵守的关键。", "3. 切实享有各项人权，特别是受教育权和获得信息权，有助于获得人权教育和培训。", "第二条", "1. 人权教育和培训包括一切旨在促进所有人权和基本自由得到普遍尊重和遵守的教育、培训、信息、宣传和学习活动，因而这些活动主要通过为人们提供知识和技能，帮助他们了解和形成正确的态度和行为，有助于防止侵犯和践踏人权的行为，使他们能够为营造和促进普世人权文化作出贡献。", "2. 人权教育和培训包括以下方面：", "(a) 开展人权方面教育，包括介绍和讲解人权规范和原则、其所依据的基本价值以及其保护机制；", "(b) 借助人权开展教育，包括采用尊重施教者和学习者双方权利的教学方法；", "(c) 为人权而开展教育，包括使人们具备享受和行使自身权利并尊重和维护他人权利的能力。", "第三条", "1. 人权教育和培训是终生的，涉及所有年龄段。", "2. 人权教育和培训涉及社会的各个部分和阶层，包括学前、小学、中学和高等教育，必要时应考虑到学术自由的问题，也涉及所有形式的教育、培训和学习，无论是公立的还是私立的，正规的、非正式的还是不正式的场所。其中还包括职业培训，尤其是对培训人员、教师和国家官员的培训，包括进修教育、大众教育、以及新闻和宣传活动。", "3. 人权教育和培训应采用适合目标群体的语言和方法，考虑到他们的特殊需要和条件。", "第四条", "人权教育和培训应以《世界人权宣言》及相关条约和文书所载的原则为基础，力求：", "(a) 提高人们对普遍人权标准和原则、以及国际、区域和国家各级保护人权和基本自由的保障措施的认识、了解和接受；", "(b) 形成一种普世人权文化，从而让每个人都了解自己的权利，以及尊重他人权利的责任，促使个人发展成为自由、和平、多元和包容的社会中负责任的一员；", "(c) 争取切实实现所有人权，增进容忍、不歧视和平等；", "(d) 确保人人都能不受任何歧视地受到高质量的人权教育和培训，以此确保人人机会平等；", "(e) 推动防止人权受到侵犯和践踏的现象，打击并根除一切形式的歧视、种族主义、散布成见和煽动仇恨的行为，及其背后的各种有害观念和偏见。", "第五条", "1. 人权教育和培训，不论是由政府部门还是由私营部门提供的，都应本着平等尤其是男女儿童平等和成年男女平等、人的尊严、包容和不歧视的原则。", "2. 人权教育和培训应当面向所有人，人人都可参加，应当考虑到处于弱势和处境不利的个人和群体包括残疾人所面临的特殊挑战和障碍，以及他们的需要和期望，以增进赋权工作和人的发展，进一步消除受排斥或边缘化的根源，使人人都能行使自己的一切权利。", "3. 人权教育和培训应该兼收并蓄不同国家多种多样的文明、宗教、文化和传统，加以发扬光大，并从中汲取灵感，因为这种多样性就体现在人权的普世性之中。", "4. 人权教育和培训应考虑到不同的经济、社会和文化环境，提倡地方采取主动行动，以鼓励实现人人享有一切人权的共同目标。", "第六条", "1. 人权教育和培训应借助和利用新的信息和通信技术以及媒体，增进所有人权和基本自由。", "2. 应鼓励各种艺术充当人权领域的培训和宣传手段。", "第七条", "1. 国家以及适当情况下的政府相关主管部门负有促进和确保人权教育和培训并本着参与、包容和负责的精神加以发展和实施的主要责任。", "2. 各国应为民间社会、私营部门和其他相关利益攸关方从事人权教育和培训营造安全和有利的环境，使每个人包括从事这项工作的人的人权和基本自由得到充分保护。", "3. 各国应采取措施，自行或通过国际援助和合作，尽其现有资源之可能，采用适当手段，包括通过立法和行政措施和政策，确保人权教育和培训的逐步开展。", "4. 国家以及适当情况下的政府相关主管部门应确保对政府官员、公务员、法官、执法官员和军事人员进行适当的人权培训，必要时还应进行国际人道主义法和国际刑法的培训，应鼓励对教师、培训人员和其他教育工作者和代表政府行事的私营部门人员进行适当的人权培训。", "第八条", "1. 各国应制定或在适当层面推动制定开展人权教育和培训的战略和政策，必要时制定行动计划和方案，如将之纳入学校和培训课程。这项工作应参考世界人权教育方案，并应考虑到国家和地方的具体需要和优先事项。", "2. 这种战略、行动计划、政策和方案的构想、执行、评估和后续跟进，应让所有相关利益攸关方包括私营部门、民间社会和国家人权机构都参与进来，必要时应推动多个利益攸关方采取行动。", "第九条", "各国应遵照有关促进和保护人权的国家机构的地位的各项原则(“巴黎原则”)[6] 推动建立、发展和加强有效且独立的国家人权机构，承认国家人权机构主要通过对政府和私营部门相关人员进行宣传和动员，能够在增进人权教育和培训方面发挥重要作用，包括必要时发挥协调作用。", "第十条", "1. 社会各届人士和机构，如教育机构、媒体、家庭、地方社区、民间社会机构，包括非政府组织、人权维护者和私营部门等，都可在增进和提供人权教育和培训方面发挥重要作用。", "2. 鼓励民间社会机构、私营部门和其他相关利益攸关方确保为其员工进行充分的人权教育和培训。", "第十一条", "联合国及各国际和区域组织应向其文职人员和为其任务服务的军事和警务人员提供人权教育和培训。", "第十二条", "1. 在各级展开的国际合作均应支持和加强在国家一级，适当情况下也包括在地方一级开展的落实人权教育和培训的工作。", "2. 国际、区域、国家和地方各级配合和协调行动，可有助于更为切实有效地开展人权教育和培训。", "3. 应鼓励为人权教育和培训领域的项目和计划自愿捐款。", "第十三条", "1. 国际和区域人权机制应在各自的任务范围内，将人权教育和培训纳入自身的工作之中。", "2. 应鼓励各国酌情将其在人权教育和培训领域采取措施的情况，收入其提交相关人权机制的报告。", "第十四条", "各国应采取适当措施，确保本宣言得到切实有效的执行和后续跟进，并为此安排必要的资源。", "[1] 见《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第53号》(A/66/53)，第一章。", "[2] 第217A(III)号决议。", "[3] 见第2200A(XXI)号决议，附件。", "[4] 见A/CONF.157/24(Part I)和Corr.1，第三章，第二.D节，第79和80段。", "[5] 见第60/1号决议，第131段。", "[6] 第48/134号决议，附件。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/457)]", "66/137. United Nations Declaration on Human Rights Education and Training", "The General Assembly,", "Welcoming the adoption by the Human Rights Council, in its resolution 16/1 of 23 March 2011,[1] of the United Nations Declaration on Human Rights Education and Training,", "1. Adopts the United Nations Declaration on Human Rights Education and Training annexed to the present resolution;", "2. Invites Governments, agencies and organizations of the United Nations system, and intergovernmental and non‑governmental organizations to intensify their efforts to disseminate the Declaration and to promote universal respect and understanding thereof, and requests the Secretary‑General to include the text of the Declaration in the next edition of Human Rights: A Compilation of International Instruments.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "Annex", "United Nations Declaration on Human Rights Education and Training", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations with regard to the promotion and encouragement of respect for all human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion,", "Reaffirming also that every individual and every organ of society shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms,", "Reaffirming further that everyone has the right to education, and that education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and the sense of its dignity, enable all persons to participate effectively in a free society and promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations and all racial, ethnic or religious groups, and further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace, security and the promotion of development and human rights,", "Reaffirming that States are duty‑bound, as stipulated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,[2] the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights[3] and in other human rights instruments, to ensure that education is aimed at strengthening respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms,", "Acknowledging the fundamental importance of human rights education and training in contributing to the promotion, protection and effective realization of all human rights,", "Reaffirming the call of the World Conference on Human Rights, held in Vienna in 1993, on all States and institutions to include human rights, humanitarian law, democracy and rule of law in the curricula of all learning institutions, and its statement that human rights education should include peace, democracy, development and social justice, as set forth in international and regional human rights instruments, in order to achieve common understanding and awareness with a view to strengthening universal commitment to human rights,[4]", "Recalling the 2005 World Summit Outcome, in which Heads of State and Government supported the promotion of human rights education and learning at all levels, including through the implementation of the World Programme for Human Rights Education, and encouraged all States to develop initiatives in that regard,[5]", "Motivated by the desire to send a strong signal to the international community to strengthen all efforts in human rights education and training through a collective commitment by all stakeholders,", "Declares the following:", "Article 1", "1. Everyone has the right to know, seek and receive information about all human rights and fundamental freedoms and should have access to human rights education and training.", "2. Human rights education and training is essential for the promotion of universal respect for and observance of all human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, in accordance with the principles of the universality, indivisibility and interdependence of human rights.", "3. The effective enjoyment of all human rights, in particular the right to education and access to information, enables access to human rights education and training.", "Article 2", "1. Human rights education and training comprises all educational, training, information, awareness‑raising and learning activities aimed at promoting universal respect for and observance of all human rights and fundamental freedoms and thus contributing, inter alia, to the prevention of human rights violations and abuses by providing persons with knowledge, skills and understanding and developing their attitudes and behaviours, to empower them to contribute to the building and promotion of a universal culture of human rights.", "2. Human rights education and training encompasses:", "(a) Education about human rights, which includes providing knowledge and understanding of human rights norms and principles, the values that underpin them and the mechanisms for their protection;", "(b) Education through human rights, which includes learning and teaching in a way that respects the rights of both educators and learners;", "(c) Education for human rights, which includes empowering persons to enjoy and exercise their rights and to respect and uphold the rights of others.", "Article 3", "1. Human rights education and training is a lifelong process that concerns all ages.", "2. Human rights education and training concerns all parts of society, at all levels, including preschool, primary, secondary and higher education, taking into account academic freedom where applicable, and all forms of education, training and learning, whether in a public or private, formal, informal or non‑formal setting. It includes, inter alia, vocational training, particularly the training of trainers, teachers and State officials, continuing education, popular education, and public information and awareness activities.", "3. Human rights education and training should use languages and methods suited to target groups, taking into account their specific needs and conditions.", "Article 4", "Human rights education and training should be based on the principles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and relevant treaties and instruments, with a view to:", "(a) Raising awareness, understanding and acceptance of universal human rights standards and principles, as well as guarantees at the international, regional and national levels for the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms;", "(b) Developing a universal culture of human rights, in which everyone is aware of their own rights and responsibilities in respect of the rights of others, and promoting the development of the individual as a responsible member of a free, peaceful, pluralist and inclusive society;", "(c) Pursuing the effective realization of all human rights and promoting tolerance, non‑discrimination and equality;", "(d) Ensuring equal opportunities for all through access to quality human rights education and training, without any discrimination;", "(e) Contributing to the prevention of human rights violations and abuses and to the combating and eradication of all forms of discrimination, racism, stereotyping and incitement to hatred, and the harmful attitudes and prejudices that underlie them.", "Article 5", "1. Human rights education and training, whether provided by public or private actors, should be based on the principles of equality, particularly between girls and boys and between women and men, human dignity, inclusion and non‑discrimination.", "2. Human rights education and training should be accessible and available to all persons and should take into account the particular challenges and barriers faced by, and the needs and expectations of, persons in vulnerable and disadvantaged situations and groups, including persons with disabilities, in order to promote empowerment and human development and to contribute to the elimination of the causes of exclusion or marginalization, as well as enable everyone to exercise all their rights.", "3. Human rights education and training should embrace and enrich, as well as draw inspiration from, the diversity of civilizations, religions, cultures and traditions of different countries, as it is reflected in the universality of human rights.", "4. Human rights education and training should take into account different economic, social and cultural circumstances, while promoting local initiatives in order to encourage ownership of the common goal of the fulfilment of all human rights for all.", "Article 6", "1. Human rights education and training should capitalize on and make use of new information and communication technologies, as well as the media, to promote all human rights and fundamental freedoms.", "2. The arts should be encouraged as a means of training and raising awareness in the field of human rights.", "Article 7", "1. States, and where applicable relevant governmental authorities, have the primary responsibility to promote and ensure human rights education and training, developed and implemented in a spirit of participation, inclusion and responsibility.", "2. States should create a safe and enabling environment for the engagement of civil society, the private sector and other relevant stakeholders in human rights education and training, in which the human rights and fundamental freedoms of all, including of those engaged in the process, are fully protected.", "3. States should take steps, individually and through international assistance and cooperation, to ensure, to the maximum of their available resources, the progressive implementation of human rights education and training by appropriate means, including the adoption of legislative and administrative measures and policies.", "4. States, and where applicable relevant governmental authorities, should ensure adequate training in human rights and, where appropriate, international humanitarian law and international criminal law, of State officials, civil servants, judges, law enforcement officials and military personnel, as well as promote adequate training in human rights for teachers, trainers and other educators and private personnel acting on behalf of the State.", "Article 8", "l. States should develop, or promote the development of, at the appropriate level, strategies and policies and, where appropriate, action plans and programmes to implement human rights education and training, such as through its integration into school and training curricula. In so doing, they should take into account the World Programme for Human Rights Education and specific national and local needs and priorities.", "2. The conception, implementation and evaluation of and follow‑up to such strategies, action plans, policies and programmes should involve all relevant stakeholders, including the private sector, civil society and national human rights institutions, by promoting, where appropriate, multi‑stakeholder initiatives.", "Article 9", "States should promote the establishment, development and strengthening of effective and independent national human rights institutions, in compliance with the principles relating to the status of national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights (“the Paris Principles”),[6] recognizing that national human rights institutions can play an important role, including, where necessary, a coordinating role, in promoting human rights education and training by, inter alia, raising awareness and mobilizing relevant public and private actors.", "Article 10", "1. Various actors within society, including, inter alia, educational institutions, the media, families, local communities, civil society institutions, including non‑governmental organizations, human rights defenders and the private sector, have an important role to play in promoting and providing human rights education and training.", "2. Civil society institutions, the private sector and other relevant stakeholders are encouraged to ensure adequate human rights education and training for their staff and personnel.", "Article 11", "The United Nations and international and regional organizations should provide human rights education and training for their civilian personnel and for military and police personnel serving under their mandates.", "Article 12", "1. International cooperation at all levels should support and reinforce national efforts, including, where applicable, at the local level, to implement human rights education and training.", "2. Complementary and coordinated efforts at the international, regional, national and local levels can contribute to more effective implementation of human rights education and training.", "3. Voluntary funding for projects and initiatives in the field of human rights education and training should be encouraged.", "Article 13", "1. International and regional human rights mechanisms should, within their respective mandates, take into account human rights education and training in their work.", "2. States are encouraged to include, where appropriate, information on the measures that they have adopted in the field of human rights education and training in their reports to relevant human rights mechanisms.", "Article 14", "States should take appropriate measures to ensure the effective implementation of and follow‑up to the present Declaration and make the necessary resources available in this regard.", "[1]  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty‑sixth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/66/53), chap. I.", "[2]  Resolution 217 A (III).", "[3]  See resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.", "[4]  See A/CONF.157/24 (Part I), chap. III, sect. II.D, paras. 79 and 80.", "[5]  See resolution 60/1, para. 131.", "[6]  Resolution 48/134, annex." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/457)]", "UN Declaration on Human Rights Education and Training", "The General Assembly,", "Welcoming the adoption by the Human Rights Council in its resolution 16/1 of 23 March 2011 of the United Nations Declaration on Human Rights Education and Training,", "Adoption of the United Nations Declaration on Human Rights Education and Training, annexed to the present resolution;", "Requests Governments, the specialized agencies and organizations of the United Nations system and intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations to intensify their efforts to disseminate the Declaration and promote universal respect for and understanding of the Declaration, and requests the Secretary-General to include the text of the Declaration in the next edition of the Human Rights: Compilation of International Instruments.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "Annex", "United Nations Declaration on Human Rights Education and Training", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations for the promotion and encouragement of respect for all human rights and fundamental freedoms, regardless of race, sex, language or religion,", "Reaffirming also that every individual and every social institution should strive to promote respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms through teaching and education,", "Reaffirming further that everyone has the right to education and that the direction of education should be a comprehensive development of human personality and dignity so that all can effectively become a part of a free society and promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all peoples and all ethnic, ethnic or religious groups and promote United Nations activities in peacekeeping, security, development and promotion of human rights,", "Reaffirming the responsibility of States to ensure that education is aimed at strengthening respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, in accordance with the provisions of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights [3] and other human rights instruments,", "Recognizing that human rights education and training have a crucial role to promote the promotion, protection and effective realization of all human rights,", "Reaffirming that the World Conference on Human Rights, held in Vienna in 1993, had called upon States and all institutions to incorporate human rights, humanitarian law, democracy and the rule of law into all curricula of educational institutions, and called for the inclusion of human rights education, including peace, democracy, development and social justice, as set out in international and regional human rights instruments, in order to achieve a common understanding and understanding and to strengthen universal commitment to human rights, [4]", "Recalling the 2005 World Summit Outcome, in which Heads of State and Government supported the promotion of human rights education at all levels of education and learning institutions, including the implementation of the World Programme for Human Rights Education, and encouraged States to take initiatives in this regard, [5]", "The desire to send a strong signal to the international community to make every effort to increase human rights education and training through collective commitments by all stakeholders,", "The following announcements were made:", "Article 1", "Everyone has the right to know, seek and receive information on all human rights and fundamental freedoms and to have access to human rights education and training.", "In accordance with the universal, indivisible and interdependent principles of human rights, human rights education and training are key to promoting universal respect for and observance of all human rights and fundamental freedoms for all.", "The effective enjoyment of all human rights, in particular the right to education and access to information, can contribute to human rights education and training.", "Article 2", "Human rights education and training include all educational, training, information, advocacy and learning activities aimed at promoting universal respect for and observance of all human rights and fundamental freedoms, which, inter alia, contribute to the creation and promotion of a universal culture of human rights through the provision of knowledge and skills to help them understand and shape the right attitude and behaviour.", "Human rights education and training include the following:", "(a) Education in the field of human rights, including the introduction and presentation of human rights norms and principles, the basic values on which they are based and their protection mechanisms;", "(b) Education based on human rights, including the use of teaching methods that respect the rights of both educators and learners;", "(c) Education for human rights, including the ability to enjoy and exercise their rights and to respect and preserve the rights of others.", "Article 3", "Human rights education and training are lifelong, covering all age paragraphs.", "Human rights education and training involve all parts and classes of society, including preschool, primary, secondary and tertiary education, taking into account, where necessary, the issue of academic freedom and all forms of education, training and learning, whether public or private, formal, informal or non-formal. They also include vocational training, in particular training of trainers, teachers and State officials, including further education, mass education, and information and advocacy activities.", "Human rights education and training should be tailored to the languages and methods of target groups, taking into account their special needs and conditions.", "Article IV", "Human rights education and training should be based on the principles enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the relevant treaties and instruments, and aim at:", "(a) Raise awareness, understanding and acceptance of universal human rights standards and principles and safeguards to protect human rights and fundamental freedoms at the international, regional and national levels;", "(b) The creation of a universal human rights culture that allows everyone to be aware of their rights and to respect the rights of others and to promote personal development as a responsible member of a free, peaceful, pluralistic and inclusive society;", "(c) To strive for the effective realization of all human rights and to promote tolerance, non-discrimination and equality;", "(d) Ensure that all persons are free from any discrimination and receive quality human rights education and training to ensure equal opportunities for all;", "(e) Promote the prevention of violations and abuses of human rights, combat and eradicate all forms of discrimination, racism, xenophobia and incitement to hatred, and their harmful ideas and prejudice.", "Article 5", "Human rights education and training, whether provided by the Government or by the private sector, should be based on the principles of equality and equality of men and women, human dignity, inclusion and non-discrimination.", "Human rights education and training should be accessible to all and should take into account the particular challenges and obstacles faced by vulnerable and disadvantaged individuals and groups, including persons with disabilities, as well as their needs and expectations, in order to promote empowerment and human development and to further eliminate the root causes of exclusion or marginalization so that all persons can exercise their rights.", "Human rights education and training should be accompanied by a wide variety of civilization, religion, culture and traditions in different countries, to build on them and to learn from them, as such diversity is reflected in the universal character of human rights.", "Human rights education and training should take into account different economic, social and cultural environments and promote local initiatives to encourage the achievement of the shared goals of all human rights for all.", "Article 6", "Human rights education and training should build on and utilize new information and communications technologies and the media to promote all human rights and fundamental freedoms.", "Various arts should be encouraged to serve as training and advocacy tools in the field of human rights.", "Article 7", "The competent authorities of the State and, where appropriate, the Government have the primary responsibility to promote and ensure human rights education and training and to develop and implement them in a spirit of participation, inclusion and responsibility.", "States should create a security and enabling environment for human rights education and training for civil society, the private sector and other relevant stakeholders so that the human rights and fundamental freedoms of all, including those involved in this work, are fully protected.", "States should take measures to ensure the progressive implementation of human rights education and training, either by themselves or through international assistance and cooperation, wherever available, by adopting appropriate means, including legislative and administrative measures and policies.", "The relevant authorities of the State and, where appropriate, Governments should ensure adequate human rights training for government officials, civil servants, judges, law enforcement officials and military personnel, and, where necessary, training in international humanitarian law and international criminal law, should encourage appropriate human rights training for teachers, trainers and other educators and private sector personnel acting on behalf of the Government.", "Article 8", "States should develop or promote, at the appropriate level, strategies and policies for the development of human rights education and training, and, where necessary, plan of action and programmes, such as integration into schools and training courses. This should take into account the World Programme for Human Rights Education and take into account national and local specific needs and priorities.", "Such strategies, action plans, concepts, implementation, assessment and follow-up to policies and programmes should involve all relevant stakeholders, including the private sector, civil society and national human rights institutions, and, where necessary, multi-stakeholder action should be promoted.", "Article 9", "States should promote the establishment, development and strengthening of effective and independent national human rights institutions, in accordance with the principles relating to the status of national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights (the Paris Principles) [6], and recognize that national human rights institutions play an important role in promoting human rights education and training, including, where necessary, coordinating roles.", "Article 10", "Social practitioners and institutions, such as educational institutions, the media, families, local communities, civil society institutions, including non-governmental organizations, human rights defenders and the private sector, can play an important role in promoting and providing human rights education and training.", "Encourages civil society institutions, the private sector and other relevant stakeholders to ensure adequate human rights education and training for their employees.", "Article 11", "The United Nations and international and regional organizations should provide human rights education and training to their civilian personnel and military and police personnel serving their mandates.", "Article 12", "International cooperation at all levels should support and strengthen at the national level and include, where appropriate, the implementation of human rights education and training at the local level.", "Coherence and coordination at the international, regional, national and local levels can contribute to more effective human rights education and training.", "Voluntary contributions in the field of human rights education and training should be encouraged.", "Article 13", "International and regional human rights mechanisms should incorporate human rights education and training within their respective mandates.", "States should be encouraged, where appropriate, to take measures in the field of human rights education and training to income from their reports to relevant human rights mechanisms.", "Article 14", "States should take appropriate measures to ensure the effective implementation and follow-up of the Declaration and to allocate the necessary resources to that end.", "See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/64/53), chap.", "[2] Resolution 217A (III).", "[3] See resolution 2200A (XXI), annex.", "[4] See A/CONF.157/24 (Part I) and Corr.1, chap. III, sect. II.D, paras. 79 and 80.", "[5] See resolution 60/1, para.", "[6] Resolution 48/134, annex." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/457)通过]", "66/138. 儿童权利公约关于设定来文程序的任择议定书", "大会，", "赞赏地注意到人权理事会经由其2011年6月17日第17/18号决议，[1] 通过了《儿童权利公约关于设定来文程序的任择议定书》，", "1. 通过本决议附件所载《儿童权利公约关于设定来文程序的任择议定书》；", "2. 建议在2012年举行签字仪式，开放《任择议定书》供签署，并请秘书长和联合国人权事务高级专员提供必要的协助。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "附件", "儿童权利公约关于设定来文程序的任择议定书", "本议定书缔约国，", "考虑到根据《联合国宪章》申明的原则，承认人类家庭所有成员的固有尊严及其平等和不可剥夺的权利，是世界自由、正义与和平的基础，", "注意到《儿童权利公约》(下称“《公约》”)缔约国承认其中为在其管辖范围内的每一名儿童规定的权利，不因儿童或其父母或法定监护人的种族、肤色、性别、语言、宗教、政治或其他见解、民族、族裔或社会出身、财产、伤残、出生或其他身份而有任何差别，", "重申一切人权和基本自由都是普遍、不可分割、相互依存、相互关联的，", "又重申儿童作为权利主体和作为享有尊严并且能力在不断发展的个人的地位，", "认识到儿童身份的特殊性和依赖性可能使之很难就侵犯其权利的行为寻求补救办法，", "考虑到本议定书将加强并补充国内和区域的机制，使儿童能够就侵犯其权利的行为提出申诉，", "认识到儿童的最大利益应当成为在就侵犯儿童权利的行为寻求补救办法时的首要考虑，而此种补救办法应考虑到各级均需要有体恤儿童的程序，", "鼓励各缔约国建立适当的国家机制，使权利受到侵犯的儿童可在国内获得有效的补救办法，", "回顾国家人权机构和负责增进和保护儿童权利的其他相关专门机构在这方面可以发挥的重要作用，", "考虑到为加强和补充这种国家机制，进一步推动执行《公约》及酌情执行其《关于买卖儿童、儿童卖淫和儿童色情制品问题的任择议定书》和《关于儿童卷入武装冲突问题的任择议定书》，应使儿童权利委员会(下称“委员会”)能够履行本议定书规定的职能，", "议定如下：", "第一部分 一般规定", "第1条 儿童权利委员会的职权范围", "1. 本议定书缔约国承认本议定书规定的委员会的职权。", "2. 委员会不应就侵犯本议定书缔约国未加入的文书所规定权利事宜对该国行使职权。", "3. 委员会不应接收涉及未加入本议定书的国家的来文。", "第2条 委员会行使职能时所应奉行的一般原则", "委员会在行使本议定书赋予的职能时，应奉行儿童最大利益的原则。委员会也应顾及儿童的权利和意见，根据儿童的年龄和成熟程度充分重视他们的意见。", "第3条 议事规则", "1. 委员会应通过行使本议定书赋予的职能时所须遵守的议事规则。委员会在制定规则时，尤其应顾及本议定书第2条，以保证采用体恤儿童的程序。", "2. 委员会应在其议事规则中列入保障措施，防止代表儿童行事者操纵儿童，并可拒绝审查它认为不符合儿童最大利益的任何来文。", "第4条 保护措施", "1. 缔约国应当采取一切适当措施，确保在其管辖下的个人不会因为根据本议定书与委员会的联系或合作而遭到任何侵犯人权行为或受到任何虐待或恐吓。", "2. 未经有关个人或群体的明确同意，不应公开透露其身份。", "第二部分 来文程序", "第5条 个人来文", "1. 受缔约国管辖的个人或群体，如声称是缔约国侵犯其加入的以下任何文书所载任何权利的受害者时，均可亲自或由人代理提交来文：", "(a) 《公约》；", "(b) 《关于买卖儿童、儿童卖淫和儿童色情制品问题的任择议定书》；", "(c) 《关于儿童卷入武装冲突问题的任择议定书》。", "2. 代表个人或群体提交来文时，应当征得当事人的同意，除非提交人能说明未经当事人同意而代为提交的正当理由。", "第6条 临时措施", "1. 委员会收到来文后，在对案情作出裁断前，可以随时向有关缔约国发出请求，请该国从速考虑采取在特殊情况下可能需要采取的临时措施，以避免对声称侵犯人权行为的受害者造成可能无法弥补的损害。", "2. 委员会根据本条第1款行使酌处权，并不意味对来文的可受理性或案情实质作出裁断。", "第7条 可否受理", "在下列情形下，委员会应当视来文不可受理：", "(a) 匿名来文；", "(b) 非书面来文；", "(c) 来文滥用提交此类来文的权利，或不符合本《公约》和(或)其任择议定书的规定；", "(d) 同一事项业经委员会审查或已由或正由另一项国际调查或解决程序审查；", "(e) 未用尽一切可用的国内补救办法。本规则不适用于补救办法的应用被不合理拖延或不大可能带来有效的补偿的情况；", "(f) 来文明显没有根据或缺乏充分证据；", "(g) 来文所述事实发生在本议定书对有关缔约国生效之前，除非这些事实持续至生效之日后；", "(h) 未在用尽国内补救办法后一年之内提交，但提交人能证明在此时限内无法提交来文的情况除外。", "第8条 转交来文", "1. 除非委员会在未征求有关缔约国的意见前即认定来文不可受理，否则对于任何根据本议定书提交委员会的来文，委员会均应尽快以保密方式提请有关缔约国注意。", "2. 缔约国应向委员会提交书面解释或陈述，澄清有关事项，并说明本国可能已提供的任何补救办法。缔约国应在六个月内尽快提出答复。", "第9条 友好解决", "1. 委员会应向有关当事方提供斡旋，以期在尊重本《公约》和(或)其任择议定书规定的义务的基础上达成友好解决。", "2. 一旦在委员会主持下商定友好解决办法，根据本议定书提交的来文审议工作即告结束。", "第10条 审议来文", "1. 委员会应当根据提交委员会的全部文件资料，尽快审议根据本议定书收到的来文，但这些文件资料应当送交有关当事方。", "2. 委员会应当举行非公开会议，审查根据本议定书收到的来文。", "3. 委员会如要求采取临时措施，便应加速审议来文。", "4. 委员会在审查声称经济、社会或文化权利受到侵犯的来文时，应审议缔约国根据《公约》第4条采取的步骤是否合理。同时，委员会应注意到缔约国为落实《公约》规定的经济、社会和文化权利有可能采取多种政策措施。", "5. 委员会在审查来文后，应当及时向有关当事方传达委员会对来文的意见及可能提出的任何建议。", "第11条 后续行动", "1. 缔约国应适当考虑委员会的意见及可能提出的建议，并应向委员会提交书面答复，包括通报根据委员会意见和建议采取的任何行动。缔约国应在六个月内尽快提出答复。", "2. 委员会可以邀请缔约国就根据委员会的意见或建议采取的任何措施、或任何友好解决协议的执行情况提供进一步资料，包括在委员会认为适当的情况下，在缔约国随后根据《公约》第44条、以及酌情根据《关于买卖儿童、儿童卖淫和儿童色情制品问题的任择议定书》第12条或《关于儿童卷入武装冲突问题的任择议定书》第8条提交的报告中提供这些资料。", "第12条 国家来文", "1. 本议定书缔约国可以随时作出声明，承认委员会有权接收和审议涉及一缔约国声称另一缔约国未履行其加入的以下任何文书所载义务的来文：", "(a) 《公约》；", "(b) 《关于买卖儿童、儿童卖淫和儿童色情制品问题的任择议定书》；", "(c) 《关于儿童卷入武装冲突问题的任择议定书》。", "2. 委员会不接受涉及未作出上述声明的缔约国的来文，也不接受未作出上述声明的缔约国提交的来文。", "3. 委员会应向有关缔约国提供斡旋，以期在尊重本《公约》及其任择议定书规定的义务的基础上达成友好解决。", "4. 根据本条第1款作出的声明，应当由缔约国交存联合国秘书长，由秘书长将声明副本分送其他缔约国。任何声明可随时以通知秘书长的方式予以撤回。撤回声明不得妨碍对业已根据本条发出的来文所涉任何事项的审议；在秘书长收到撤回声明的通知后，除非有关缔约国作出新的声明，否则不得再接收任何缔约国根据本条提交的其他来文。", "第三部分 调查程序", "第13条 对严重或一贯侵犯人权行为的调查程序", "1. 如果委员会收到可靠资料，表明一缔约国严重或一贯侵犯《公约》、或其《关于买卖儿童、儿童卖淫和儿童色情制品问题的任择议定书》或《关于儿童卷入武装冲突问题的任择议定书》所规定的权利，则委员会应邀请该缔约国合作审查这些资料，并为此迅速就相关资料提出意见。", "2. 在考虑了有关缔约国可能已提出的任何意见以及委员会掌握的任何其他可靠资料后，委员会可以指派一名或多名成员进行调查，并从速向委员会报告。如有正当理由，在征得缔约国同意后，调查可以包括前往该国领土访问。", "3. 此类调查应以保密方式进行，并应当在程序的各个阶段寻求有关缔约国的合作。", "4. 在对此类调查结果进行审查之后，委员会应及时将调查结果连同任何意见和建议一并送交有关缔约国。", "5. 有关缔约国应在收到委员会送交的调查结果、意见和建议后六个月内，尽快向委员会提交本国意见。", "6. 根据本条第2款进行的调查程序结束后，委员会经与有关缔约国协商，可以决定在本议定书第16条规定的委员会报告中摘要介绍程序结果。", "7. 各缔约国可以在签署、批准、或加入本议定书时，声明不承认本条规定的委员会对于第1款所列部分或所有文书所载权利的权限。", "8. 根据本条第7款发表声明的任何缔约国，可随时通知联合国秘书长撤回其声明。", "第14条 调查程序的后续行动", "1. 必要时，委员会可在第13条第5款所述六个月期限结束后，邀请有关缔约国向委员会通报该国为响应根据本议定书第13条开展的调查所采取的和计划采取的措施。", "2. 委员会可邀请有关缔约国就根据本议定书第13条进行的调查所采取的任何措施提供进一步资料，包括在委员会认为适当的情况下，在随后根据《公约》第44条、以及酌情根据《关于买卖儿童、儿童卖淫和儿童色情制品问题的任择议定书》第12条或《关于儿童卷入武装冲突问题的任择议定书》第8条提交的报告中提供这些资料。", "第四部分 最后条款", "第15条 国际援助与合作", "1. 对于显示有必要获得技术咨询或协助的来文和调查，委员会可在征得有关缔约国同意后，将委员会的意见或建议，连同缔约国可能就这些意见或建议提出的意见和提议，送交联合国各专门机构、基金和计(规)划署及其他主管机构。", "2. 委员会也可以在征得有关缔约国同意后，提请上述机构注意任何根据本议定书审议的来文所产生的事项；据此协助它们在各自权限范围内决定是否应当采取可能具有促进作用的国际措施，以推进各缔约国在落实《公约》和(或)其任择议定书确认的权利方面取得进展。", "第16条 向大会提交报告", "委员会应在其根据《公约》第44条第5款向大会提交的两年期报告中，摘要介绍根据本议定书开展的活动。", "第17条 传播和宣传任择议定书", "各缔约国承诺广泛宣传和传播本议定书，通过适当、积极的手段，以无障碍的形式，便利成人和儿童包括残疾人了解委员会的意见和建议，特别是涉及该缔约国事项的意见和建议。", "第18条 签署、批准和加入", "1. 本议定书开放供任何已签署、批准或加入《公约》或其第一、第二项任择议定书中的任何一项的国家签署。", "2. 本议定书须经已批准或加入《公约》或其第一、第二项任择议定书中的任何一项的国家批准。批准书交存联合国秘书长。", "3. 本议定书开放供任何已批准或加入《公约》或其第一、第二项任择议定书中的任何一项的国家加入。", "4. 向秘书长交存加入书后，加入即行生效。", "第19条 生效", "1. 本议定书在第十份批准书或加入书交存三个月后生效。", "2. 对于在第十份批准书或加入书交存后批准或加入本议定书的每一个国家而言，本议定书自该国交存其批准书或加入书之日起三个月后生效。", "第20条 生效后发生的侵犯行为", "1. 委员会的权限仅限于本议定书生效后发生的缔约国侵犯《公约》和(或)其第一、第二项任择议定书所载任何权利的行为。", "2. 如一国在本议定书生效后成为缔约国，则该国对委员会的义务仅限于本任择议定书对该国生效后发生的侵犯《公约》和(或)其第一、第二项任择议定书所载任何权利的行为。", "第21条 修正", "1. 任何缔约国均可以对本议定书提出修正案，并提交联合国秘书长。秘书长应将任何提议的修正案通告缔约国，并请缔约国通知秘书长，说明是否赞成举行缔约国会议，对提案进行审议和作出决定。在上述通告发出之日起四个月内，如果有至少三分之一的缔约国赞成举行缔约国会议，则秘书长应当在联合国主持下举行会议。经出席并参加表决的缔约国三分之二多数通过的任何修正案，应当由秘书长提交大会核准，然后提交所有缔约国供其接受。", "2. 依照本条第1款的规定通过并核准的修正案，应当在交存的接受书数量达到修正案通过之日缔约国数目的三分之二后第三十天生效。此后，修正案应当在任何缔约国交存其接受书后第三十天对该缔约国生效。修正案只对接受该项修正案的缔约国具有约束力。", "第22条 退约", "1. 缔约国可以随时书面通知联合国秘书长退出本议定书。退约应当在秘书长收到通知之日起一年后生效。", "2. 退约不妨碍本议定书各项规定继续适用于退约生效之日前根据第5条或第12条提交的任何来文，以及退约生效之日前根据第13条发起的任何调查。", "第23条 保存人和秘书长的通知", "1. 联合国秘书长为本议定书的保存人。", "2. 秘书长应当将下列情况通知所有国家：", "(a) 本议定书的签署、批准和加入；", "(b) 本议定书和任何根据第21条提出的修正案的生效日期；", "(c) 根据本议定书第22条发出的任何退约通知。", "第24条 语文", "1. 本议定书应当交存联合国档案库，其阿拉伯文、中文、英文、法文、俄文和西班牙文文本同等作准。", "2. 联合国秘书长应当将本议定书经认证的副本分送所有国家。", "[1] 见《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第53号》(A/66/53)，第一章。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/457)]", "66/138. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a communications procedure", "The General Assembly,", "Taking note with appreciation of the adoption by the Human Rights Council, through its resolution 17/18 of 17 June 2011,[1] of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a communications procedure,", "1. Adopts the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a communications procedure as contained in the annex to the present resolution;", "2. Recommends that the Optional Protocol be opened for signature at a signing ceremony to be held in 2012, and requests the Secretary‑General and the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to provide the necessary assistance.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "Annex", "Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a communications procedure", "The States parties to the present Protocol,", "Considering that, in accordance with the principles proclaimed in the Charter of the United Nations, the recognition of the inherent dignity and the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world,", "Noting that the States parties to the Convention on the Rights of the Child (hereinafter referred to as “the Convention”) recognize the rights set forth in it to each child within their jurisdiction without discrimination of any kind, irrespective of the child’s or his or her parent’s or legal guardian’s race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national, ethnic or social origin, property, disability, birth or other status,", "Reaffirming the universality, indivisibility, interdependence and interrelatedness of all human rights and fundamental freedoms,", "Reaffirming also the status of the child as a subject of rights and as a human being with dignity and with evolving capacities,", "Recognizing that children’s special and dependent status may create real difficulties for them in pursuing remedies for violations of their rights,", "Considering that the present Protocol will reinforce and complement national and regional mechanisms allowing children to submit complaints for violations of their rights,", "Recognizing that the best interests of the child should be a primary consideration to be respected in pursuing remedies for violations of the rights of the child, and that such remedies should take into account the need for child‑sensitive procedures at all levels,", "Encouraging States parties to develop appropriate national mechanisms to enable a child whose rights have been violated to have access to effective remedies at the domestic level,", "Recalling the important role that national human rights institutions and other relevant specialized institutions, mandated to promote and protect the rights of the child, can play in this regard,", "Considering that, in order to reinforce and complement such national mechanisms and to further enhance the implementation of the Convention and, where applicable, the Optional Protocols thereto on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography and on the involvement of children in armed conflict, it would be appropriate to enable the Committee on the Rights of the Child (hereinafter referred to as “the Committee”) to carry out the functions provided for in the present Protocol,", "Have agreed as follows:", "Part I General provisions", "Article 1 Competence of the Committee on the Rights of the Child", "1. A State party to the present Protocol recognizes the competence of the Committee as provided for by the present Protocol.", "2. The Committee shall not exercise its competence regarding a State party to the present Protocol on matters concerning violations of rights set forth in an instrument to which that State is not a party.", "3. No communication shall be received by the Committee if it concerns a State that is not a party to the present Protocol.", "Article 2 General principles guiding the functions of the Committee", "In fulfilling the functions conferred on it by the present Protocol, the Committee shall be guided by the principle of the best interests of the child. It shall also have regard for the rights and views of the child, the views of the child being given due weight in accordance with the age and maturity of the child.", "Article 3 Rules of procedure", "1. The Committee shall adopt rules of procedure to be followed when exercising the functions conferred on it by the present Protocol. In doing so, it shall have regard, in particular, for article 2 of the present Protocol in order to guarantee child‑sensitive procedures.", "2. The Committee shall include in its rules of procedure safeguards to prevent the manipulation of the child by those acting on his or her behalf and may decline to examine any communication that it considers not to be in the child’s best interests.", "Article 4 Protection measures", "1. A State party shall take all appropriate steps to ensure that individuals under its jurisdiction are not subjected to any human rights violation, ill‑treatment or intimidation as a consequence of communications or cooperation with the Committee pursuant to the present Protocol.", "2. The identity of any individual or group of individuals concerned shall not be revealed publicly without their express consent.", "Part II Communications procedure", "Article 5 Individual communications", "1. Communications may be submitted by or on behalf of an individual or group of individuals, within the jurisdiction of a State party, claiming to be victims of a violation by that State party of any of the rights set forth in any of the following instruments to which that State is a party:", "(a) The Convention;", "(b) The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography;", "(c) The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the involvement of children in armed conflict.", "2. Where a communication is submitted on behalf of an individual or group of individuals, this shall be with their consent unless the author can justify acting on their behalf without such consent.", "Article 6 Interim measures", "1. At any time after the receipt of a communication and before a determination on the merits has been reached, the Committee may transmit to the State party concerned for its urgent consideration a request that the State party take such interim measures as may be necessary in exceptional circumstances to avoid possible irreparable damage to the victim or victims of the alleged violations.", "2. Where the Committee exercises its discretion under paragraph 1 of the present article, this does not imply a determination on admissibility or on the merits of the communication.", "Article 7 Admissibility", "The Committee shall consider a communication inadmissible when:", "(a) The communication is anonymous;", "(b) The communication is not in writing;", "(c) The communication constitutes an abuse of the right of submission of such communications or is incompatible with the provisions of the Convention and/or the Optional Protocols thereto;", "(d) The same matter has already been examined by the Committee or has been or is being examined under another procedure of international investigation or settlement;", "(e) All available domestic remedies have not been exhausted. This shall not be the rule where the application of the remedies is unreasonably prolonged or unlikely to bring effective relief;", "(f) The communication is manifestly ill‑founded or not sufficiently substantiated;", "(g) The facts that are the subject of the communication occurred prior to the entry into force of the present Protocol for the State party concerned, unless those facts continued after that date;", "(h) The communication is not submitted within one year after the exhaustion of domestic remedies, except in cases where the author can demonstrate that it had not been possible to submit the communication within that time limit.", "Article 8 Transmission of the communication", "1. Unless the Committee considers a communication inadmissible without reference to the State party concerned, the Committee shall bring any communication submitted to it under the present Protocol confidentially to the attention of the State party concerned as soon as possible.", "2. The State party shall submit to the Committee written explanations or statements clarifying the matter and the remedy, if any, that it may have provided. The State party shall submit its response as soon as possible and within six months.", "Article 9 Friendly settlement", "1. The Committee shall make available its good offices to the parties concerned with a view to reaching a friendly settlement of the matter on the basis of respect for the obligations set forth in the Convention and/or the Optional Protocols thereto.", "2. An agreement on a friendly settlement reached under the auspices of the Committee closes consideration of the communication under the present Protocol.", "Article 10 Consideration of communications", "1. The Committee shall consider communications received under the present Protocol as quickly as possible, in the light of all documentation submitted to it, provided that this documentation is transmitted to the parties concerned.", "2. The Committee shall hold closed meetings when examining communications received under the present Protocol.", "3. Where the Committee has requested interim measures, it shall expedite the consideration of the communication.", "4. When examining communications alleging violations of economic, social or cultural rights, the Committee shall consider the reasonableness of the steps taken by the State party in accordance with article 4 of the Convention. In doing so, the Committee shall bear in mind that the State party may adopt a range of possible policy measures for the implementation of the economic, social and cultural rights in the Convention.", "5. After examining a communication, the Committee shall, without delay, transmit its views on the communication, together with its recommendations, if any, to the parties concerned.", "Article 11 Follow‑up", "1. The State party shall give due consideration to the views of the Committee, together with its recommendations, if any, and shall submit to the Committee a written response, including information on any action taken and envisaged in the light of the views and recommendations of the Committee. The State party shall submit its response as soon as possible and within six months.", "2. The Committee may invite the State party to submit further information about any measures the State party has taken in response to its views or recommendations or implementation of a friendly settlement agreement, if any, including as deemed appropriate by the Committee, in the State party’s subsequent reports under article 44 of the Convention, article 12 of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography or article 8 of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the involvement of children in armed conflict, where applicable.", "Article 12 Inter‑State communications", "1. A State party to the present Protocol may, at any time, declare that it recognizes the competence of the Committee to receive and consider communications in which a State party claims that another State party is not fulfilling its obligations under any of the following instruments to which the State is a party:", "(a) The Convention;", "(b) The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography;", "(c) The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the involvement of children in armed conflict.", "2. The Committee shall not receive communications concerning a State party that has not made such a declaration or communications from a State party that has not made such a declaration.", "3. The Committee shall make available its good offices to the States parties concerned with a view to a friendly solution of the matter on the basis of the respect for the obligations set forth in the Convention and the Optional Protocols thereto.", "4. A declaration under paragraph 1 of the present article shall be deposited by the States parties with the Secretary‑General of the United Nations, who shall transmit copies thereof to the other States parties. A declaration may be withdrawn at any time by notification to the Secretary‑General. Such a withdrawal shall not prejudice the consideration of any matter that is the subject of a communication already transmitted under the present article; no further communications by any State party shall be received under the present article after the notification of withdrawal of the declaration has been received by the Secretary‑General, unless the State party concerned has made a new declaration.", "Part III Inquiry procedure", "Article 13 Inquiry procedure for grave or systematic violations", "1. If the Committee receives reliable information indicating grave or systematic violations by a State party of rights set forth in the Convention or in the Optional Protocols thereto on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography or on the involvement of children in armed conflict, the Committee shall invite the State party to cooperate in the examination of the information and, to this end, to submit observations without delay with regard to the information concerned.", "2. Taking into account any observations that may have been submitted by the State party concerned, as well as any other reliable information available to it, the Committee may designate one or more of its members to conduct an inquiry and to report urgently to the Committee. Where warranted and with the consent of the State party, the inquiry may include a visit to its territory.", "3. Such an inquiry shall be conducted confidentially, and the cooperation of the State party shall be sought at all stages of the proceedings.", "4. After examining the findings of such an inquiry, the Committee shall transmit without delay these findings to the State party concerned, together with any comments and recommendations.", "5. The State party concerned shall, as soon as possible and within six months of receiving the findings, comments and recommendations transmitted by the Committee, submit its observations to the Committee.", "6. After such proceedings have been completed with regard to an inquiry made in accordance with paragraph 2 of the present article, the Committee may, after consultation with the State party concerned, decide to include a summary account of the results of the proceedings in its report provided for in article 16 of the present Protocol.", "7. Each State party may, at the time of signature or ratification of the present Protocol or accession thereto, declare that it does not recognize the competence of the Committee provided for in the present article in respect of the rights set forth in some or all of the instruments listed in paragraph 1.", "8. Any State party having made a declaration in accordance with paragraph 7 of the present article may, at any time, withdraw this declaration by notification to the Secretary‑General of the United Nations.", "Article 14 Follow‑up to the inquiry procedure", "1. The Committee may, if necessary, after the end of the period of six months referred to in article 13, paragraph 5, invite the State party concerned to inform it of the measures taken and envisaged in response to an inquiry conducted under article 13 of the present Protocol.", "2. The Committee may invite the State party to submit further information about any measures that the State party has taken in response to an inquiry conducted under article 13, including as deemed appropriate by the Committee, in the State party’s subsequent reports under article 44 of the Convention, article 12 of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography or article 8 of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the involvement of children in armed conflict, where applicable.", "Part IV Final provisions", "Article 15 International assistance and cooperation", "1. The Committee may transmit, with the consent of the State party concerned, to United Nations specialized agencies, funds and programmes and other competent bodies its views or recommendations concerning communications and inquiries that indicate a need for technical advice or assistance, together with the State party’s observations and suggestions, if any, on these views or recommendations.", "2. The Committee may also bring to the attention of such bodies, with the consent of the State party concerned, any matter arising out of communications considered under the present Protocol that may assist them in deciding, each within its field of competence, on the advisability of international measures likely to contribute to assisting States parties in achieving progress in the implementation of the rights recognized in the Convention and/or the Optional Protocols thereto.", "Article 16 Report to the General Assembly", "The Committee shall include in its report submitted every two years to the General Assembly in accordance with article 44, paragraph 5, of the Convention a summary of its activities under the present Protocol.", "Article 17 Dissemination of and information on the Optional Protocol", "Each State party undertakes to make widely known and to disseminate the present Protocol and to facilitate access to information about the views and recommendations of the Committee, in particular with regard to matters involving the State party, by appropriate and active means and in accessible formats to adults and children alike, including those with disabilities.", "Article 18 Signature, ratification and accession", "1. The present Protocol is open for signature to any State that has signed, ratified or acceded to the Convention or either of the first two Optional Protocols thereto.", "2. The present Protocol is subject to ratification by any State that has ratified or acceded to the Convention or either of the first two Optional Protocols thereto. Instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the Secretary‑General of the United Nations.", "3. The present Protocol shall be open to accession by any State that has ratified or acceded to the Convention or either of the first two Optional Protocols thereto.", "4. Accession shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument of accession with the Secretary‑General.", "Article 19 Entry into force", "1. The present Protocol shall enter into force three months after the deposit of the tenth instrument of ratification or accession.", "2. For each State ratifying the present Protocol or acceding to it after the deposit of the tenth instrument of ratification or instrument of accession, the present Protocol shall enter into force three months after the date of the deposit of its own instrument of ratification or accession.", "Article 20 Violations occurring after the entry into force", "1. The Committee shall have competence solely in respect of violations by the State party of any of the rights set forth in the Convention and/or the first two Optional Protocols thereto occurring after the entry into force of the present Protocol.", "2. If a State becomes a party to the present Protocol after its entry into force, the obligations of that State vis‑à‑vis the Committee shall relate only to violations of the rights set forth in the Convention and/or the first two Optional Protocols thereto occurring after the entry into force of the present Protocol for the State concerned.", "Article 21 Amendments", "1. Any State party may propose an amendment to the present Protocol and submit it to the Secretary‑General of the United Nations. The Secretary‑General shall communicate any proposed amendments to States parties with a request to be notified whether they favour a meeting of States parties for the purpose of considering and deciding upon the proposals. In the event that, within four months of the date of such communication, at least one third of the States parties favour such a meeting, the Secretary‑General shall convene the meeting under the auspices of the United Nations. Any amendment adopted by a majority of two thirds of the States parties present and voting shall be submitted by the Secretary‑General to the General Assembly for approval and, thereafter, to all States parties for acceptance.", "2. An amendment adopted and approved in accordance with paragraph 1 of the present article shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after the number of instruments of acceptance deposited reaches two thirds of the number of States parties at the date of adoption of the amendment. Thereafter, the amendment shall enter into force for any State party on the thirtieth day following the deposit of its own instrument of acceptance. An amendment shall be binding only on those States parties that have accepted it.", "Article 22 Denunciation", "1. Any State party may denounce the present Protocol at any time by written notification to the Secretary‑General of the United Nations. The denunciation shall take effect one year after the date of receipt of the notification by the Secretary‑General.", "2. Denunciation shall be without prejudice to the continued application of the provisions of the present Protocol to any communication submitted under articles 5 or 12 or any inquiry initiated under article 13 before the effective date of denunciation.", "Article 23 Depositary and notification by the Secretary‑General", "1. The Secretary‑General of the United Nations shall be the depositary of the present Protocol.", "2. The Secretary‑General shall inform all States of:", "(a) Signatures, ratifications and accessions under the present Protocol;", "(b) The date of entry into force of the present Protocol and of any amendment thereto under article 21;", "(c) Any denunciation under article 22 of the present Protocol.", "Article 24 Languages", "1. The present Protocol, of which the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited in the archives of the United Nations.", "2. The Secretary‑General of the United Nations shall transmit certified copies of the present Protocol to all States.", "[1]  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty‑sixth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/66/53), chap. I." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/457)]", "Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the establishment of a communication procedure", "The General Assembly,", "Noting with appreciation the adoption by the Human Rights Council of its resolution 17/18 of 17 June 2011 of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the establishment of a communication procedure,", "Adoption of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the establishment of a communication procedure, as contained in the annex to the present resolution;", "It is recommended that a signing ceremony be held in 2012 to open the Optional Protocol for signature, and requests the Secretary-General and the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to provide the necessary assistance.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "Annex", "Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the establishment of a communication procedure", "The States Parties to this Protocol,", "Considering that, in accordance with the principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, the recognition of the inherent dignity of all members of the human family and their equal and inalienable rights are the basis for freedom, justice and peace in the world,", "Noting that the State party to the Convention on the Rights of the Child (hereinafter referred to as “the Convention”) recognizes the rights set forth therein for every child within its jurisdiction without any distinction as to the race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national, ethnic or social origin, property, disability, birth or other status of the child or his or her parents or legal guardian,", "Reaffirming that all human rights and fundamental freedoms are universal, indivisible, interdependent and interrelated,", "Reaffirming also the status of children as a subject of rights and as individuals with dignity and capacity to grow,", "Recognizing that the particularity and dependency of the identity of the child may make it difficult to seek remedies for violations of their rights,", "Taking into account that this Protocol will strengthen and complement domestic and regional mechanisms to enable children to submit complaints on violations of their rights,", "Recognizing that the best interests of the child should be the primary consideration in seeking remedies for violations of children's rights, and that such remedies should take into account the need for children at all levels,", "Encourages States parties to establish appropriate national mechanisms to enable children whose rights have been violated to obtain effective remedies at the national level,", "Recalling the important role that national human rights institutions and other relevant specialized agencies responsible for the promotion and protection of children's rights can play in this regard,", "Taking into account that, in order to strengthen and complement such national mechanisms, further the implementation of the Convention and, where appropriate, the implementation of its Optional Protocol on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography and the Optional Protocol on the involvement of children in armed conflict, should enable the Committee on the Rights of the Child (hereinafter referred to as “the Committee”) to perform its functions under this Protocol,", "The following were agreed:", "Part I General provisions", "Article 1 Terms of reference of the Committee on the Rights of the Child", "The States Parties to this Protocol recognize the competence of the Committee under this Protocol.", "The Committee shall not exercise its competence with respect to violations of the rights set forth in the instruments not parties to this Protocol.", "The Committee shall not receive communications from States that have not acceded to this Protocol.", "Article 2", "In exercising its functions under this Protocol, the Committee shall pursue the principle of the best interests of the child. The Committee should also take into account the rights and opinions of children and give their views fully in accordance with the age and maturity of the child.", "Rule 3", "The Committee shall adopt the rules of procedure to be followed in the exercise of the functions conferred under this Protocol. In developing rules, the Committee shall, in particular, take into account Article 2 of this Protocol in order to ensure the adoption of procedures for children with disabilities.", "The Committee shall include in its rules of procedure safeguards against the manipulation of children by persons acting on behalf of children and may refuse to review any communication that it considers not in the best interest of the child.", "Protection measures", "The State party shall take all appropriate measures to ensure that individuals under its jurisdiction are not subjected to any human rights violations or any abuse or intimidation in accordance with this Protocol's contacts or cooperation with the Committee.", "The identity should not be disclosed publicly without the explicit consent of the individual or group concerned.", "Part II. Communications procedure", "Article 5 Individual communications", "Individuals or groups subject to the State party's jurisdiction may, individually or by the agent, submit communications if they are alleged to be victims of any of the rights contained in any of the following instruments to which the State party violates them:", "(a) The Convention;", "(b) Optional Protocol to the Convention on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography;", "(c) Optional Protocol to the Convention on the involvement of children in armed conflict.", "When a communication is submitted by an individual or group, the consent of the party shall be obtained unless the author can provide the justification for the submission without the consent of the party.", "Article 6 Provisional measures", "Upon receipt of the communication, pending determination of the merits, the Committee may, at any time, request to the State party concerned to consider, without delay, the adoption of temporary measures that may be required in exceptional circumstances in order to avoid harm that may not be compensated to the victims of alleged human rights violations.", "The exercise by the Committee of its discretion under paragraph 1 of this article does not imply a determination of the admissibility or merits of the communication.", "Article 7 admissibility", "In the following cases, the Committee shall be inadmissible as follows:", "(a) Anonymous communications;", "(b) Non-written communications;", "(c) The communication abuse of the right to submit such communications or is incompatible with the provisions of the Convention and/or its Optional Protocol;", "(d) The same matter has been reviewed or is being reviewed by another international investigation or settlement process;", "(e) No exhaustion of all available domestic remedies. The application of this rule does not apply to remedies is unreasonably prolonged or unlikely to result in effective compensation;", "(f) The communication is manifestly unfounded or lacking sufficient evidence;", "(g) The facts referred to in the communication occurred before the entry into force of this Protocol for the State party concerned, unless they were sustained until the date of entry into force;", "(h) No submission within one year of exhaustion of domestic remedies, except where the author can prove that the communication cannot be submitted within that time limit.", "Article 8 Communication", "Subject to the Committee's determination that the communication is inadmissible before the State party concerned has not been consulted, the Committee shall, as soon as possible, bring the communication to the attention of the State party concerned in a confidential manner.", "The State party shall submit to the Committee written explanations or statements clarifying the relevant matters and indicate any remedies available to it. The State party should provide responses as soon as possible within six months.", "Article 9", "The Committee shall provide good offices to the parties concerned with a view to achieving amicable solution based on respect for the obligations under the Convention and/or its Optional Protocol.", "Once a friendly solution is agreed under the auspices of the Committee, the consideration of communications under this Protocol shall be closed.", "Consideration of communications", "The Committee shall consider the communications received under this Protocol as soon as possible, in accordance with all the documentation submitted to the Committee, provided that these information shall be communicated to the parties concerned.", "The Committee shall hold a closed meeting to review the communications received under this Protocol.", "The Committee shall expedite its consideration of the communication if it calls for interim measures.", "In reviewing communications alleging violations of economic, social or cultural rights, the Committee shall consider whether the steps taken by States parties under article 4 of the Convention are reasonable. At the same time, the Committee should note that the State party may take multiple policy measures to implement economic, social and cultural rights under the Convention.", "After reviewing the communication, the Committee shall communicate to the parties concerned the views of the Committee and any recommendations that may be made.", "Follow-up", "The State party shall give due consideration to the Committee's observations and possible recommendations and shall submit a written response to the Committee, including any action taken in accordance with the Committee's observations and recommendations. The State party should provide responses as soon as possible within six months.", "The Committee may invite the State party to provide further information on any measures taken pursuant to the Committee's observations or recommendations, or on the implementation of any friendly settlement agreement, including, where the Committee considers appropriate, in the State party's subsequent submission under article 44 of the Convention and in accordance with article 12 of the Optional Protocol on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography or article 8 of the Optional Protocol on the involvement of children in armed conflict.", "Article 12", "The States Parties to this Protocol may make statements at any time, recognizing the competence of the Committee to receive and consider communications relating to the obligations contained in any of the following instruments in which a State party claims that another State party has not complied with.", "(a) The Convention;", "(b) Optional Protocol to the Convention on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography;", "(c) Optional Protocol to the Convention on the involvement of children in armed conflict.", "The Committee does not accept a communication involving States parties that have not made the above-mentioned declaration and does not accept a communication submitted by States parties that have not made such statements.", "The Committee shall provide good offices to the State party concerned with a view to achieving amicable solution based on respect for the obligations under the Convention and its Optional Protocol.", "In accordance with the statement made in paragraph 1 of this article, the State party shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations by transmitting the copies of the declaration to other States parties. Any statement may be withdrawn by notification to the Secretary-General. The withdrawal of the declaration shall not preclude the consideration of any matter that has been raised under this article; after the Secretary-General has received a notification of the withdrawal, no further communication shall be received from any State party pursuant to this article unless the State party concerned has made a new declaration.", "Part III Investigations process", "Article 13", "If the Committee has received reliable information indicating that a State party seriously or consistently violates the rights set forth in the Convention, its Optional Protocol on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography or the Optional Protocol on the involvement of children in armed conflict, the Committee shall invite the State party to cooperate in the review of the information and, to that end, promptly make observations on the relevant information.", "After considering any observations that may have been made by the State party concerned and any other reliable information available to the Committee, the Committee may assign one or more members to investigate and report to the Committee promptly. If justified, the investigation may include visits to the territory of the State, with the consent of the State party.", "Such investigations shall be conducted in a confidential manner and shall seek the cooperation of the State party concerned at all stages of the process.", "Following a review of such findings, the Committee shall communicate the findings together with any observations and recommendations to the State party concerned in a timely manner.", "The State party concerned shall submit its national views to the Committee as soon as possible within six months of receipt of the findings, observations and recommendations transmitted by the Committee.", "After the investigation process pursuant to paragraph 2 of this article, the Committee, in consultation with the State party concerned, may decide to outline the results of the proceedings in the Committee's report under article 16 of this Protocol.", "In signing, ratifying or acceding to this Protocol, States Parties may declare that they do not recognize the competence of the Committee under this article to the rights contained in part or in all instruments listed in paragraph 1.", "Any State Party making a declaration pursuant to paragraph 7 of this article may notify the Secretary-General of the United Nations of its withdrawal.", "Follow-up to the investigation process", "Where necessary, the Committee may, after the expiration of the six-month period referred to in article 13, paragraph 5, invite the State party concerned to inform the Committee of the measures taken and planned to respond to the investigations conducted under Article 13 of this Protocol.", "The Committee may invite the State party concerned to provide further information on any measures taken to investigate under article 13 of this Protocol, including, where appropriate, in the Committee's view, the information provided in its subsequent reports pursuant to article 44 of the Convention, and in accordance with article 12 of the Optional Protocol on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography or article 8 of the Optional Protocol on the involvement of children in armed conflict.", "Final provisions of Part IV", "International assistance and cooperation", "With respect to communications and investigations indicating the need for technical advice or assistance, the Committee may, with the consent of the State party concerned, communicate its views or recommendations to the specialized agencies, funds and programmes of the United Nations and other competent bodies, together with the views and proposals that the State party may make on those observations or recommendations.", "The Committee may also wish, with the consent of the State party concerned, to draw the attention of the above-mentioned bodies to any matters arising from any communication considered under this Protocol, and, accordingly, to assist them, within their respective competence, to decide whether international measures that may be conducive to advancing progress in the implementation of the rights recognized in the Convention and/or its Optional Protocol.", "Article 16 Reports to the General Assembly", "The Committee shall provide a summary of its activities under this Protocol in its biennial report to the General Assembly pursuant to article 44, paragraph 5, of the Convention.", "Article 17", "States parties undertake to disseminate and disseminate this Protocol widely and to facilitate access to the Committee's observations and recommendations, in particular those relating to the State party's matters, through appropriate and positive means.", "Article 18 Signature, ratification and accession", "This Protocol is open for signature by any State that has signed, ratified or acceded to the Convention or any of its first and second Optional Protocols.", "This Protocol shall be subject to ratification by any State that has ratified or acceded to the Convention or its first and second Optional Protocols. The instrument of ratification was deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.", "This Protocol is open to accession by any State that has ratified or acceded to the Convention or any one of its first and second Optional Protocols.", "After depositing the Secretary-General's instrument of accession, accession shall enter into force.", "Article 19 Entry into force", "This Protocol shall enter into force three months after the deposit of the tenth instrument of ratification or accession.", "For each State that has ratified or acceded to this Protocol after the deposit of the tenth instrument of ratification or accession, this Protocol shall enter into force three months after the date of deposit of its instrument of ratification or accession.", "Article 20", "The competence of the Committee is limited to violations by States parties that have occurred after the entry into force of this Protocol of any rights contained in the Convention and/or its first and second Optional Protocols.", "If a State becomes a party after the entry into force of this Protocol, its obligations to the Committee are limited to any violation of the Covenant and/or any rights contained in its first and second Optional Protocols after the entry into force of the present Optional Protocol.", "Amendments", "Any State Party may propose amendments to this Protocol and submit it to the Secretary-General of the United Nations. The Secretary-General shall notify the State party of any proposed amendment and invite the State party to inform the Secretary-General of whether it is in favour of the convening of the Conference to consider and decide on the proposal. The Secretary-General shall meet under the auspices of the United Nations if at least one third of the States parties favour the holding of the Conference. Any amendment adopted by a majority of the States Parties present and voting shall be submitted by the Secretary-General to the General Assembly for approval and then to all States Parties for their acceptance.", "An amendment adopted and approved in accordance with paragraph 1 of this article shall enter into force for the thirty-third day of the date on which the number of acceptances deposited shall be reached. Since then, the amendment shall enter into force for the State party on the thirtieth day after the deposit of its acceptance by any State party. Amendments are binding only on States parties that accepted the amendment.", "Article 22", "The State party may notify the Secretary-General of the United Nations of the withdrawal of this Protocol in writing. The withdrawal shall enter into force one year after the date of receipt of the notification by the Secretary-General.", "The denunciation does not preclude the provisions of this Protocol from continuing to apply to any communication submitted in accordance with article 5 or Article 12 before the date of entry into force, and any investigation initiated in accordance with Article 13.", "Article 23 Notification by the depositary and the Secretary-General", "The Secretary-General of the United Nations is the depositary of this Protocol.", "The Secretary-General shall inform all States:", "(a) Signature, ratification and accession to this Protocol;", "(b) The entry into force of this Protocol and any amendments under Article 21;", "(c) Any notice of withdrawal issued pursuant to Article 22 of this Protocol.", "Article 24 Languages", "This Protocol shall be deposited with the United Nations Archives, which shall be equally authentic in Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish.", "The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall transmit the certified copies of this Protocol to all States.", "See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/64/53), chap." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/458)通过]", "66/139. 加强联合国系统内部在保护儿童方面的协作", "大会，", "重申《联合国宪章》的宗旨和原则，", "回顾《儿童权利公约》[1] 及其各项任择议定书，[2] 并重申其以往所有关于儿童权利的决议，", "确认各国在促进和保护儿童权利方面包括在保护儿童方面负有首要作用和责任，同时铭记联合国相关行为体在这方面为各国提供支持的重要性，", "重申儿童最佳利益、不歧视、参与以及生存和发展构成所有与儿童有关行动包括国家行动，以及联合国所有从事促进和保护儿童权利包括保护儿童方面工作的相关行为体所实施行动的框架，", "确认联合国系统及其所有相关行为体在促进和保护儿童权利包括在保护儿童方面发挥的重要作用和持续开展的工作，并确认民间社会在这方面发挥的作用和作出的贡献，", "强调指出必须进一步加强联合国系统内部在促进和保护儿童权利包括在保护儿童方面的协作，以持续支持会员国努力落实儿童权利，并在这方面重申大会在加强联合国系统内部协作与协调一致方面继续发挥着重要作用，", "1. 欢迎联合国相关行为体目前在促进和保护儿童权利包括在保护儿童方面开展的协作，鼓励它们在现有资源和授权范围内，在其目前按规定应提交大会的报告中重点介绍关于这种协作的信息，并在第三委员会目前结合题为“促进和保护儿童权利”的项目所进行的互动对话框架内处理这个问题，此外邀请联合国这些行为体进一步加强协作；", "2. 重申联合国处理保护儿童问题的所有相关行为体都必须继续以完全独立的方式履行各自职能，并且充分依据各自授权行事；", "3. 强调必须为联合国系统促进和保护儿童权利包括保护儿童的工作提供持续、足够的资源和支持，并在这方面大力鼓励增加自愿捐款，支持联合国所有相关行为体的工作，从而支持儿童保护领域的技术援助和能力建设；", "4. 请秘书长参考会员国和联合国相关行为体提供的信息，向大会第六十八届会议提交一份报告，说明联合国系统内部在保护儿童方面进行协作的现状。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第1577卷，第27531号。", "[2] 同上，第2171和2173卷，第27531号。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/458)]", "66/139. Strengthening collaboration on child protection within the United Nations system", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations,", "Recalling the Convention on the Rights of the Child[1] and its Optional Protocols,[2] and reaffirming all its previous resolutions on the rights of the child,", "Recognizing the primary role and responsibility of the State in the promotion and protection of the rights of the child, including child protection, bearing in mind the importance of relevant actors of the United Nations supporting the State in this regard,", "Reaffirming that the best interest of the child, non‑discrimination, participation and survival and development provide the framework for all actions concerning children, including those of a State and all relevant actors of the United Nations dealing with the promotion and protection of the rights of the child, including child protection,", "Recognizing the important role and the continuing work of the United Nations system and all its relevant actors in the promotion and protection of the rights of the child, including child protection, and recognizing also the role and contribution of civil society in this regard,", "Stressing that further strengthening collaboration within the United Nations system on the promotion and protection of the rights of the child, including child protection, is important for continuing to support efforts of Member States in the realization of the rights of the child, and in this regard reaffirms the important role that the General Assembly continues to play in strengthening collaboration and coherence within the United Nations system,", "1. Welcomes the existing collaboration among relevant actors of the United Nations working on the promotion and protection of the rights of the child, including child protection, and encourages them, within existing resources and mandates, to highlight information on such collaboration in their existing reports to the General Assembly and to also address this issue within the framework of the existing Third Committee interactive dialogue under the item entitled “Promotion and protection of the rights of children”, and invites these United Nations actors to further enhance their collaboration;", "2. Reiterates the importance of all relevant actors of the United Nations on child protection to continue to exercise their functions in a fully independent manner and to act in full observance of their respective mandates;", "3. Underlines the importance of sustained, adequate resources and support for the work of the United Nations system on the promotion and protection of the rights of the child, including child protection, and in this regard strongly encourages enhanced voluntary contributions to support the work of all relevant actors of the United Nations, so as to support technical assistance and capacity‑building in the area of child protection;", "4. Requests the Secretary‑General to submit a report to the General Assembly at its sixty‑eighth session on the current collaboration within the United Nations system on child protection, taking into account information provided by Member States and relevant actors of the United Nations.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1577, No. 27531.", "[2]  Ibid., vols. 2171 and 2173, No. 27531." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/458)]", "Collaboration within the United Nations system in the area of child protection", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations,", "Recalling the Convention on the Rights of the Child, including its Optional Protocol, and reaffirming all previous resolutions on the rights of the child,", "Recognizing the primary role and responsibilities of States in the promotion and protection of the rights of children, including in the protection of children, bearing in mind the importance of supporting States by relevant United Nations actors in this regard,", "Reaffirming that the best interests of the child, non-discrimination, participation and survival and development constitute a framework for all child-related actions, including national action, and all relevant actors in the promotion and protection of the rights of children, including children,", "Recognizing the important role and ongoing work of the United Nations system and all relevant actors in the promotion and protection of the rights of children, including in the protection of children, and recognizing the role and contribution of civil society in this regard,", "Stressing the importance of further strengthening collaboration within the United Nations system in the promotion and protection of the rights of children, including in the protection of children, in order to sustain support for Member States in their efforts to implement the rights of the child, and in this regard reaffirming the continuing important role of the General Assembly in strengthening collaboration and coherence within the United Nations system,", "Welcomes the ongoing collaboration among relevant United Nations actors in the promotion and protection of the rights of children, including in the protection of children, and encourages them, within their existing resources and mandates, to focus on information on such collaboration in their current reporting to the General Assembly, and to address this issue within the framework of the ongoing interactive dialogue of the Third Committee on the promotion and protection of the rights of children, and invites those United Nations actors to further strengthen their collaboration;", "Reaffirms that all relevant United Nations actors dealing with the protection of children must continue to perform their functions in a fully independent manner and act in full accordance with their respective mandates;", "Stresses the importance of providing sustained, adequate resources and support for the promotion and protection of the rights of children, including children, in the United Nations system, and in this regard strongly encourages increased voluntary contributions to support the work of all relevant United Nations actors, thereby supporting technical assistance and capacity-building in the area of child protection;", "Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-eighth session a report on the status of collaboration within the United Nations system in the protection of children, taking into account information provided by Member States and relevant United Nations actors.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1577, No. 27531.", "[2] Ibid., vol. 2171 and 2173, No. 27531." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/458)通过]", "66/140. 女童", "大会，", "重申其2009年12月18日第64/145号决议和各项相关决议，包括妇女地位委员会的商定结论，尤其是有关女童的部分，", "又重申《联合国宪章》中庄严申明的男女平等权利，", "回顾有关儿童权利尤其是女童权利的各项人权文书和其他文书，包括《儿童权利公约》、[1] 《消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约》、[2] 《残疾人权利公约》、[3] 这些公约的任择议定书[4] 以及《关于婚姻的同意、结婚最低年龄和婚姻登记的公约》，[5]", "重申包括千年发展目标在内的国际商定发展目标以及在2005年世界首脑会议上作出的与女童有关的承诺，[6] 并欢迎大会关于千年发展目标问题的高级别全体会议题为“履行诺言：团结一致实现千年发展目标”的成果文件，[7]", "又重申关于儿童问题的大会第二十七届特别会议题为“适合儿童生长的世界”的成果文件、[8] 关于艾滋病毒/艾滋病问题的大会第二十六屆特别会议所通过题为“全球危机——全球行动”的《关于艾滋病毒/艾滋病问题的承诺宣言》[9] 以及2006年《关于艾滋病毒/艾滋病问题的政治宣言》，[10]", "还重申联合国各次主要会议和首脑会议有关女童问题的所有其他相关成果及其五年期和十年期审查，包括第四次妇女问题世界会议通过的《北京宣言》[11] 和《行动纲要》、[12] 题为“2000年妇女：二十一世纪性别平等、发展与和平”的大会第二十三届特别会议成果、[13] 《国际人口与发展会议行动纲领》、[14] 《社会发展问题世界首脑会议行动纲领》[15] 以及妇女地位委员会第五十五届会议通过的商定结论，[16] 委员会该届会议将“妇女和女孩接受和参与教育、培训和科技，包括促进妇女平等获得充分就业机会和体面工作”作为优先主题加以审议，", "欢迎妇女地位委员会在第四次妇女问题世界会议十五周年之际通过的宣言，[17] 重申充分有效执行《北京宣言》和《行动纲要》尤其是与女童有关的战略目标对于实现包括千年发展目标在内的国际商定发展目标至关重要，", "回顾最近各次大会高级别会议有关女童的成果，", "又回顾秘书长2008-2015年“联合起来制止暴力侵害妇女行为”运动，促请各国政府、民间社会、妇女组织、年轻人、私营部门、媒体和整个联合国系统合力应对全球普遍存在的暴力侵害妇女和女孩行为，", "重申必须将性别平等纳入整个联合国系统的主流，包括与女童有关的方面，", "确认长期贫穷仍然是满足儿童需求、促进和保护儿童权利的最大障碍，因此需要各国和国际社会采取紧急行动消除长期贫穷现象，并注意到，因各种因素造成的全球金融和经济危机、能源危机、粮食危机及持续粮食无保障负担，给普通家庭，特别是依赖非正式就业收入的家庭，尤其是妇女和女孩带来了直接影响，", "又确认女童往往更有可能遭受和面临各种形式的歧视与暴力，这些歧视与暴力继续妨碍实现千年发展目标的努力，重申必须实现性别平等以确保女孩有一个公正、公平的世界，途径包括与男子和男孩建立伙伴关系，以此作为推动落实女童权利的一个重要战略，", "还确认各国在通过国家立法确认女孩和男孩相互平等方面取得了进展，但各方未采取相应措施以有效执行此类立法，还确认世界各地继续存在歧视妇女和女孩现象，而应对这种状况需要各方进一步努力加大政策执行力度，包括通过开展国际合作，", "确认增强女童能力及投资于女童对于促成经济增长，实现包括消除贫穷和赤贫在内的所有千年发展目标以及使女童实际参与影响自身的决策至关重要，是打破歧视与暴力循环、促进和保护女童充分切实享受其人权的关键所在，又确认女童能力的增强需要她们积极参与决策进程并得到其父母、法定监护人、家庭和照管者以及男孩和男子及广大社区的积极支持和参与，", "深为关切针对儿童的一切形式暴力，尤其关切各种对女孩造成过度影响的现象，如商业性剥削和儿童色情、童婚、逼婚、强奸、性虐待、家庭暴力和贩运人口，此外还关切这方面缺乏相应的责任追究而且责任人不受惩罚，而这反映存在着歧视性规则，使女孩在社会中的地位更加低下，", "又深为关切暴力侵害妇女和女孩行为没有得到充分的认识，尤其是在社区一级，而且举报不足或不予记录，原因在于受害者耻辱、恐惧的心理、社会对这种行为的纵容以及这些活动经常具有的非法和隐蔽性质，", "还深为关切对女童的歧视以及对女童权利的侵犯常常导致减少女孩获得教育的机会并降低其所获教育的质量，造成其营养和身心保健机会减少，使女孩在童年和少年期享受的权利、机会和福利少于男孩，使她们比男孩更容易受没有保护的和不成熟的性关系的后果的影响，并使她们常常受到各种形式的文化、社会、性和经济剥削及暴力，受害于虐待、强奸、乱伦、与维护名誉有关犯罪以及有害传统习俗，例如杀害女婴、童婚、逼婚、产前性别挑选和切割女性生殖器等，", "深为关切童婚和逼婚现象使已婚少女面临更大的艾滋病毒和性传播感染的风险，往往导致早育，增加残疾、死产和孕产妇死亡风险，减少其完成学业、获得全面知识、参与社区或发展实用就业技能的机会，并侵犯妇女和女孩的人权，妨碍她们充分享受人权，", "又深为关切早孕和早育及获得性保健和生殖保健，包括熟练助产护理和产科急诊等方面的机会有限，导致高比例的产科瘘管病患病率及孕产死亡率和发病率，而且造成妊娠和分娩期间的并发症，常常导致死亡，尤其是对少妇和少女而言，", "确认在消除童婚和逼婚方面取得进展可对有关女孩教育、孕产妇健康和儿童健康方面的指标产生积极影响，从而有助于实现千年发展目标，", "深为关切童婚和逼婚现象虽普遍存在，但报告率却很低，认识到这方面需得到更多关注，", "又深为关切切割女性生殖器做法侵犯了妇女和女孩的人权并妨碍她们充分享受人权，是一种有害习俗，其后果无法弥补、无法挽回，而且题为“适合儿童生长的世界”的文件中确定的到2010年消除切割女性生殖器做法的目标仍未实现，", "还深为关切女童在贫穷、战争和武装冲突情况中受影响最大，而且还受害于性暴力、性凌虐和性剥削以及性传播感染和疾病，包括艾滋病毒和艾滋病，使其生活品质受到严重影响，并使其容易遭受进一步歧视、暴力和忽视，进而使其充分发展的潜力受到限制，", "强调青年人尤其是女孩如有更多机会获得教育，包括性健康和生殖健康方面教育，将大幅降低他们感染可预防疾病特别是感染艾滋病毒和性传播疾病的可能性，", "确认早育继续是阻碍世界各地改善女孩教育状况和社会地位的一个因素，而且总体而言，童婚、逼婚和早育会严重减少她们受教育的机会，很可能会长期不利地影响到她们的就业以及她们及其子女的生活质量，", "深信种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和有关不容忍行为对妇女和女孩的表现方式各有不同，可成为导致生活条件恶化、贫困、暴力、多种形式歧视以及其人权遭限制或被剥夺的部分因素，", "认识到残疾妇女和女孩遭遇多重歧视，包括教育和就学方面的歧视，为此必须执行《残疾人权利公约》，", "关切地注意到世界某些地方的男子人数多于妇女，而其部分致因在于各种有害的观念与习俗，例如切割女性生殖器、导致杀害女婴和产前性别选择的重男轻女现象、早婚包括童婚、暴力侵害妇女、性剥削、性虐待、在粮食分配中歧视女孩以及与保健和福利有关的其他习俗，这些观念与习俗造成活到成年的女孩人数低于男孩，", "深为关切以儿童尤其是以女孩为户主的家庭这一现象正成为严重的社会问题，", "又深为关切艾滋病毒和艾滋病这一流行病的影响，包括疾病和死亡率、大家庭逐渐消失、贫困加剧、失业和就业不足、移徙以及城市化，促成以儿童为户主的家庭数目增多，", "认识到妇女和女孩所承担的照顾和支持艾滋病毒和艾滋病患者和受艾滋病毒和艾滋病影响者的负担异常之重，这对女孩产生不利影响，剥夺了她们的童年，减少了她们接受教育的机会，", "1. 强调必须充分、紧急地落实人权文书中规定的女童的各项权利，并敦促各国优先考虑签署和批准或加入《儿童权利公约》、¹ 《消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约》² 和《残疾人权利公约》³ 以及这些公约的任择议定书，⁴", "2. 敦促所有尚未签署和批准或加入国际劳工组织1973年《最低年龄公约》(第138号)[18] 和1999年《最恶劣形式的童工劳动公约》(第182号)[19] 的国家考虑签署和批准或加入这两项公约；", "3. 敦促所有各国政府和联合国系统加强双边努力，并与国际组织和私营部门捐助者共同努力，以实现世界教育论坛的各项目标，[20] 特别是实现尚未充分达到的在2005年年底之前消除小学和中学教育中两性差距的目标，执行《联合国女孩教育倡议》，作为实现这一目标的手段，此外要求落实和重申全民教育目标和千年发展目标所载的承诺，特别是与性别平等和教育有关的承诺；", "4. 吁请所有各国加强重视女童的优质教育，包括为没能接受正规教育的女童提供补习和扫盲教育，并促进为青年妇女提供技能培训和创业培训，消除男女定型成见，以确保进入劳动力市场的青年妇女有机会获得充分、生产性就业及体面工作；", "5. 鼓励各国推动为各级教育方案制定对性别问题有敏感认识的课程，采取切实措施确保教材以积极、无定型成见的角色来刻画妇女、男子、青年、女孩和男孩，特别是在科技学科教学领域，以便从根源上消除工作生活中的隔离现象；", "6. 吁请各国和国际社会确认机会均等和无歧视的受教育权利，规定初等教育是所有儿童均应获得的免费义务教育，确保所有儿童均可获得优质教育，特别是通过逐步实行免费教育来普遍提供且使所有人均可获得中等教育，同时考虑到采取确保平等入学机会的特别措施，包括平权行动，有助于实现机会均等和消除排斥现象，并确保特别是女孩和低收入家庭子女能够就学；", "7. 吁请各国酌情在国际组织、民间社会和非政府组织支持下，制订政策与方案，优先注重正规教育和非正规教育方案，包括在家长和法定监护人适当领导和指导下的适龄性教育，以支持女孩并使女孩能够获得知识，树立自尊以及为自己的一生负责，并且特别重视实施一些方案，以教育妇女和男子尤其是父母了解女孩身心健康和福祉的重要性，包括消除在童婚和逼婚问题上存在的对女孩的歧视；", "8 吁请所有国家、国际组织和非政府组织单独和集体地进一步执行《北京行动纲要》，¹² 特别是落实与女童有关的战略目标，以及执行《北京宣言》和《行动纲要》的进一步行动和倡议，[21] 并调动一切必要资源和支持，以实现《北京宣言》¹¹ 和《行动纲要》所列各项目标和战略目标，并采取其中所列各项行动；", "9. 吁请所有国家酌情采取措施，消除进一步行动和倡议第33段所述继续影响实现《北京行动纲要》所定各项目标的障碍，包括按照进一步行动和倡议， 加强国家机制以执行针对女童的政策与方案，并在某些情况下加强负责落实女孩人权的机构之间的协调；", "10. 敦促各国加强努力，紧急消除针对妇女和女孩的一切形式歧视，并酌情继续致力于执行《消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约》及其《任择议定书》；[22]", "11. 又敦促各国履行其在第四次妇女问题世界会议及在大会第二十三届特别会议上所作的承诺，修改或废除仍在实行的歧视妇女和女孩的法律；", "12. 还敦促各国改善生活贫穷、缺少营养、缺乏用水和卫生设施，而且很少有机会或根本没有机会得到基本身心保健服务、住所、教育、参与和保护的女童的境况，同时考虑到，尽管商品和服务的匮乏伤害到每个人，但对女童的威胁和伤害却最大，使她们无法享受权利，无法充分发挥潜力并作为社会正式成员参与；", "13. 敦促各国确保遵守和切实执行国际劳工组织关于女孩和男孩就业的适用规定，确保就业女孩平等获得体面工作和同等报酬，并获得保护，在工作场所免遭经济剥削、歧视、性骚扰、暴力和虐待，了解自己的权利，获得正规和非正规教育、技能发展和职业培训，此外还敦促各国制订对性别问题有敏感认识的措施，包括酌情制订国家行动计划，以消除最恶劣形式的童工劳动，包括商业性剥削、变相奴役做法、强迫劳动、抵押劳动、贩运和危险形式的童工劳动；", "14. 确认必须加强卫生系统尤其是初级保健，而且有必要将艾滋病毒防治工作纳入其中，注意到卫生系统很薄弱，业已面临缺乏训练有素卫生工作人员以及无法留用足够熟练卫生工作人员等许多挑战，这是妨碍获得保健服务的最大障碍之一；", "15. 吁请各国酌情在私营部门、民间社会、非政府组织和社区组织等相关利益攸关方支持下采取一切必要措施，确保女孩有权享受能达到的最高标准健康，包括性健康和生殖健康，并发展可持续的医疗卫生系统和社会服务；", "16. 敦促所有国家促进性别平等及获得诸如教育、营养、出生登记、包括性保健和生殖保健在内的卫生保健、接种疫苗和防治包括非传染性疾病在内的主要致死疾病等基本社会服务的同等机会，并且将性别观点纳入所有发展政策与方案的主流，包括纳入与儿童有关以及具体针对女童的发展政策与方案的主流；", "17. 吁请各国在国际组织和包括非政府组织和媒体在内的民间社会的支持下采取适当措施，消除促成童婚和逼婚现象的根本因素，包括开展教育活动以提高对此类习俗的不良影响的认识；", "18. 敦促所有各国颁布和严格执行法律，确保只有在婚配双方自由表示完全同意的情况下才能结婚，此外颁布和严格执行关于法定最低同意年龄和最低结婚年龄的法律，必要时提高最低结婚年龄，并且为女童的生存、保护和发展及提高其地位制定和执行全面政策、行动计划和方案，以促进和保障女童充分享受人权并确保女童享有平等机会，包括将此类计划作为女童整个发展过程的一个组成部分；", "19. 敦促各国确保在努力颁布和实施立法以禁止童婚和逼婚的工作中争取各利益攸关方和各种变革力量的参与，并确保与消除这一习俗的立法相关的信息广为人知而且促成广大社会支持执行此类法律和立法；", "20. 吁请各国支持社区举办讲习班和讨论会以使社区能够共同探讨如何预防和应对童婚和逼婚，通过诸如医务人员及地方、社区和宗教领导人等对社区而言具有公信力的利益攸关方提供信息，揭露童婚和逼婚的害处，并且给予女孩更大的发言权，同时确保全社会有关信息的一致性，并鼓励男子和男孩做出非常需要的大力参与；", "21. 又吁请各国支持并执行多部门政策和方案，包括为此划拨专门资源，以制止童婚和逼婚习俗并确保提供可行的替代方案和机构支持，特别是为女童提供教育机会，同时注重让女孩，包括让那些已结婚或怀孕的女孩持续在校学习直至完成中等教育，建立安全居住设施以确保能实际入校接受教育，增加对家庭的财政奖励，促进为女孩赋权，提高教育质量以及确保校内的安全和卫生条件；", "22. 还吁请各国加强对女童的研究及数据收集与分析，按性别、年龄和地理位置分列，以便更好地了解女孩的处境，尤其是她们所面临的多种形式歧视，并制订必要的政策和方案对策，采取整体办法应对女孩可能面临的各种形式歧视，以期有效保护她们的权利；", "23. 敦促各国采取一切必要措施，确保残疾女孩在与其他儿童平等基础上充分享受所有人权和基本自由，并颁布、实施和强化旨在响应女孩需要的适当政策和方案；", "24. 敦促所有各国颁布和执行立法，保护女孩免遭一切形式的暴力和剥削，包括杀害女婴和产前性别挑选、切割女性生殖器、强奸、家庭暴力、乱伦、性凌虐、性剥削、儿童卖淫和儿童色情制品、贩运和强迫移徙、强迫劳动、逼婚以及低于法定年龄结婚，并拟订适合年龄、安全、保密和无障碍格式的方案以及提供医疗、社会和心理支助服务，向遭受暴力和歧视的女孩提供帮助；", "25. 又敦促各国以教育活动作为处罚措施的补充，以此促进逐步形成一种共识，促使摒弃诸如切割女性生殖器等有害习俗，并为受这些习俗影响的人提供适当的服务；", "26. 吁请所有各国与各相关利益攸关方合作，颁布和执行必要立法或其他措施来防止通过因特网传播儿童色情，包括描述性虐待儿童的内容，确保建立适当机制，以便举报和删除此类材料，并确保酌情起诉其制作者、传播者和收藏者；", "27. 敦促各国为消除一切形式歧视及暴力侵害妇女和女孩行为制订全面、多学科和协调的国家计划、方案或战略，加以广泛传播，通过建立有关各方都参与的监测机制，包括与妇女组织进行协商，规定执行指标和时间表及有效的国内执行程序，并注意人权理事会暴力侵害妇女行为及其因果问题特别报告员、贩运人口特别是贩运妇女和儿童问题特别报告员以及负责暴力侵害儿童问题秘书长特别代表提出的有关女童的建议；", "28. 又敦促各国确保女孩充分而平等地享有儿童根据其年龄和成熟度表达自己意见和参与处理与自己有关的所有事项的权利；", "29. 还敦促各国酌情让女孩，包括有特殊需要的女孩，及其代表组织参与决策过程，让她们作为正式和积极的伙伴参与确定自己的需要，并参与制订、规划、执行和评估政策与方案，以满足这些需要；", "30. 认识到相当多的女童特别易受伤害，其中包括孤儿、街头儿童、境内流离失所儿童和难民儿童、遭到贩运及性剥削和经济剥削的儿童、感染艾滋病毒和艾滋病或受艾滋病毒和艾滋病影响的儿童以及得不到父母扶持的受监禁儿童，因此敦促各国于现实需要时，在国际社会支持下，采取适当措施满足这些儿童的需要，执行国家政策和战略，建设和加强政府、社区和家庭的能力，为这些儿童创造有利环境，包括提供适当的辅导和心理社会帮助，确保他们在与其他儿童平等的基础上入学并获得住房、良好营养和保健及社会服务；", "31. 鼓励各国通过双边和多边技术合作和财政援助等途径，推动采取各种行动，使处境困难的儿童尤其是女孩重新参与社会生活，特别考虑到这些儿童在其生活环境中所形成的看法及所掌握的技能和能力，并酌情让他们有意义地参与；", "32. 敦促所有各国和国际社会考虑到女童在冲突前、冲突期间和冲突后环境中以及在出现其他人道主义紧急情况时特别脆弱，尊重、促进和保护女童权利，此外还敦促各国采取特别措施保护女孩，尤其是保护她们免于性传播感染，包括艾滋病毒感染，防止她们遭受基于性别的暴力，包括强奸、性凌虐和性剥削、酷刑、绑架和强迫劳动，特别要关心难民女孩和流离失所女孩，并在分发人道主义援助物品及实施解除武装、复员、协助转业和重返社会方案过程中考虑到她们的特殊需要；", "33. 痛责人道主义危机中所有针对妇女和儿童，特别是针对女孩的性剥削和性凌虐事件，包括涉及人道主义工作者和维和人员的这种事件，并敦促各国采取有效措施，处理人道主义紧急情况中的性别暴力行为，尽一切努力确保各国法律和体制完善，足以防范、迅速调查和起诉性别暴力行为；", "34. 又痛责参与联合国行动的军事、警察和文职人员针对妇女和儿童实施的所有性剥削、性凌虐和贩运行为，欢迎联合国各机构和维持和平行动为执行这方面的零容忍政策而作出的努力，请秘书长和人员派遣国继续采取一切必要的适当行动，杜绝由此类人员实施的这些虐待行为，包括为此毫不拖延地全面执行大会根据维持和平行动特别委员会所提建议[23] 而在相关决议中通过的措施；", "35. 敦促会员国、联合国及其他国际、区域和次区域组织以及民间社会，包括非政府组织、私营部门和媒体，全面、有效地执行《联合国打击贩运人口活动全球行动计划》[24] 的相关规定及其中所述活动，认为这将特别有助于促进女孩的权利，增强合作，更好地协调努力打击贩运人口活动，并促进《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》[25] 和《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约关于预防、禁止和惩治贩运人口特别是妇女和儿童行为的补充议定书》[26] 得到更多国家批准和全面执行；", "36. 吁请会员国制订、执行和加强对儿童和青年问题敏感的有效措施，以打击、消除和起诉一切形式的贩运妇女和女孩行为，包括以性剥削和经济剥削为目的而从事的此类行为，将此作为打击贩运活动综合战略的一部分，纳入为消除一切形式暴力侵害妇女和女孩行为而开展的更广泛努力之中，包括为此采取有效措施，避免对遭受剥削的女孩进行刑事处罚，并确保受剥削女孩获得必要的社会心理辅导；", "37. 吁请各国政府、包括媒体在内的民间社会以及非政府组织，通过翻译、印制和向社会各阶层，特别是向儿童散发适合年龄、对性别问题有敏感认识的女童人权问题信息材料等途径，促进人权教育以及女童人权的充分尊重和享受；", "38. 请秘书长作为联合国系统行政首长协调理事会主席，确保联合国系统所有组织和机构，尤其是联合国儿童基金会，联合国教育、科学及文化组织，世界粮食计划署，联合国人口基金，联合国促进性别平等和增强妇女权能署(妇女署)，世界卫生组织，联合国开发计划署，联合国难民事务高级专员办事处和国际劳工组织，个别和集体地，包括通过联合国发展援助框架，根据国别优先重点，在国别合作方案中考虑到女童的权利和特殊需要；", "39. 请所有人权条约机构和包括特别程序在内的人权理事会各人权机制，在执行任务时经常而且有系统地采取性别观点，在报告中提供资料说明对侵犯妇女和女孩人权行为所作的实质分析，并鼓励加强此方面的合作与协调；", "40. 请各国确保在旨在提供艾滋病毒和艾滋病综合预防、治疗、护理和支助的所有政策与方案中，特别关心并帮助受艾滋病毒威胁、感染或影响的女童，包括怀孕女孩和青少年母亲及残疾女孩，以期实现千年发展目标6，特别是到2015年遏止并开始扭转艾滋病毒的蔓延；", "41. 邀请各国推动双边举措、私营部门举措和国家集团自愿举措等各种举措，包括帮助调动资源用于社会发展的创新筹资机制以及旨在使发展中国家更有机会以可持续、可预测的方式和负担得起的价格获得药品的创新筹资机制，以期降低为女童提供的抗逆转录病毒药品的价格，特别是二线药品的价格，在这方面注意到国际药品采购机制；", "42. 吁请所有各国将食品和营养支助纳入对艾滋病毒/艾滋病、其他传染病和非传染性疾病的全面应对措施，其目标是使儿童，尤其是女童在任何时候都能获得充足、安全和营养的食品，满足其饮食需求和食物偏好，保障其活跃而健康地生活；", "43. 敦促各国和国际社会在各级增加资源，特别是增加教育和卫生部门的资源，使青年人尤其是女孩能够具备所需的知识、心态和生活技能，以战胜其所面临的挑战，包括预防艾滋病毒感染和早孕，并享有能达到的最高标准身心健康，包括性健康和生殖健康；", "44. 强调需要加强各国和联合国系统履行其所负责任的力度，将促进和保护儿童权利尤其是女童权利的工作纳入国家、区域和国际各级发展议程的主流；", "45. 敦促各国、国际社会、联合国相关实体、民间社会和国际金融机构增拨人力和财政资源，继续积极支持终止切割女性生殖器做法的有针对性创新方案，拟订和开设诸如联合国人口基金-联合国儿童基金会加快摒弃切割女性生殖器做法联合方案等教育方案以及各种提高认识讲习班，宣传这一有害习俗对女孩健康造成的极其严重后果，并为从事这种有害手术的人提供培训，以便其改行；", "46. 强调指出，在社区、国家和国际各级采取共同协调办法来推动积极社会变革，能促成在一代人时间内摒弃切割女性生殖器做法，并且按照千年发展目标，到2015年达到部分主要成就；", "47. 敦促各国、国际社会、相关联合国实体、民间社会和国际金融机构增拨人力和财政资源，积极支持努力消除童婚和逼婚；", "48. 吁请各国加强国家卫生系统的能力，并在这方面吁请国际社会协助各国做出努力，包括通过拨出充足资源等途径，以提供所需基本服务，预防和治疗产科瘘管病，并为此提供一系列服务，向少女，包括向生活在贫困之中和医疗条件不足、产科瘘管病最常见的农村地区少女，提供计划生育、产前产后护理、熟练助产护理、产科急诊和分娩后护理等服务；", "49. 又吁请各国和国际社会创造一个保障女童福祉的环境，途径包括开展合作，支持及参与在全球、区域和国家各级为消除贫穷而进行的全球努力，同时确认需要在上述各级增加可用资源和更有效分配资源，以确保按时实现国际商定的各项发展目标和消除贫穷目标，包括《联合国千年宣言》[27] 规定的目标，并重申对儿童尤其是女孩的投资以及儿童权利的落实是消除贫穷的最有效途径；", "50. 请秘书长利用会员国、联合国系统各组织和机构及非政府组织提供的资料，向大会第六十八届会议提交关于本决议执行情况的报告，其中应着重对儿童户主住户以及其成因、影响和前景作出阐述，以便评估本决议对女童福祉的影响。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] ^(*) 由于技术原因于2012年4月5日重新印发。", "联合国，《条约汇编》，第1577卷，第27531号。", "[2] 同上，第1249卷，第20378号。", "[3] 同上，第2515卷，第44910号。", "[4] 同上，第2171和2173卷，第27531号；同上，第2131卷，第20378号；同上，第2518卷，第44910号。", "[5] 同上，第521卷，第7525号。", "[6] 见第60/1号决议。", "[7] 见第65/1号决议。", "[8] S-27/2号决议，附件。", "[9] S-26/2号决议，附件。", "[10] 第60/262号决议，附件。", "[11] 《第四次妇女问题世界会议的报告，1995年9月4日至15日，北京》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.96.IV.13)，第一章，决议1，附件一。", "[12] 同上，附件二。", "[13] S-23/2号决议，附件；S-23/3号决议，附件。", "[14] 《国际人口与发展会议的报告，1994年9月5日至13日，开罗》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.95.XIII.18)，第一章，决议1，附件。", "[15] 《社会发展问题世界首脑会议的报告，1995年3月6日至12日，哥本哈根》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.96.IV.8)，第一章，决议1，附件二。", "[16] 见《经济及社会理事会正式记录，2011年，补编第7号》(E/2011/27)，第一章，A节。", "[17] 同上，《2010年，补编第7号》和更正(E/2010/27和Corr.1)，第一章，A节；另见经济及社会理事会第2010/232号决定。", "[18] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第1015卷，第14862号。", "[19] 同上，第2133卷，第37245号。", "[20] 见联合国教育、科学及文化组织，《世界教育论坛的最后报告，2000年4月26日至28日，塞内加尔达喀尔》(2000年，巴黎)。", "[21] S-23/3号决议，附件。", "[22] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第2131卷，第20378号。", "[23] 见《大会正式记录，第五十九届会议，补编第19号》(A/59/19/Rev.1)。", "[24] 第64/293号决议。", "[25] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第2225卷，第39574号。", "[26] 同上，第2237卷，第39574号。", "[27] 见第55/2号决议。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/458)]", "66/140. The girl child", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming its resolution 64/145 of 18 December 2009 and all relevant resolutions, including the agreed conclusions of the Commission on the Status of Women, in particular those relevant to the girl child,", "Reaffirming also the equal rights of women and men as enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations,", "Recalling all human rights and other instruments relevant to the rights of the child, in particular the girl child, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child,[1] the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women,[2] the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities,[3] the Optional Protocols thereto[4] and the Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages,[5]", "Reaffirming the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, as well as the commitments relevant to the girl child made at the 2005 World Summit,[6] and welcoming the outcome document of the High‑level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals, entitled “Keeping the promise: united to achieve the Millennium Development Goals”,[7]", "Reaffirming also the outcome document of the twenty‑seventh special session of the General Assembly on children, entitled “A world fit for children”,[8] the Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS adopted at the twenty‑sixth special session of the General Assembly on HIV/AIDS, entitled “Global Crisis — Global Action”,[9] and the Political Declaration on HIV/AIDS of 2006,[10]", "Reaffirming further all other relevant outcomes of major United Nations summits and conferences relevant to the girl child, as well as their five‑ and ten‑year reviews, including the Beijing Declaration[11] and Platform for Action[12] adopted at the Fourth World Conference on Women, the outcome of the twenty‑third special session of the General Assembly entitled “Women 2000: gender equality, development and peace for the twenty‑first century”,[13] the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development[14] and the Programme of Action of the World Summit for Social Development,[15] as well as the agreed conclusions adopted by the Commission on the Status on Women at its fifty‑fifth session,[16] at which it considered “Access and participation of women and girls in education, training and science and technology, including for the promotion of women’s equal access to full employment and decent work” as its priority theme,", "Welcoming the adoption by the Commission on the Status of Women of the declaration on the occasion of the fifteenth anniversary of the Fourth World Conference on Women,[17] and reiterating that full and effective implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, in particular the strategic objectives relating to the girl child, is essential to achieving the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals,", "Recalling the outcomes of the recent high‑level meetings of the General Assembly relevant to the girl child,", "Recalling also the Secretary‑General’s 2008–2015 campaign “UNiTE to End Violence against Women” and the call upon Governments, civil society, women’s organizations, young people, the private sector, the media and the entire United Nations system to join forces in addressing the global pandemic of violence against women and girls,", "Reaffirming the importance of gender mainstreaming across the United Nations system, including in relation to the girl child,", "Recognizing that chronic poverty remains the single biggest obstacle to meeting the needs of and promoting and protecting the rights of children and that urgent national and international action is therefore required to eliminate it, and noting that the burden of the global financial and economic crisis, the energy crisis, the food crisis and the continuing food insecurity as a result of various factors is felt directly by households, especially those depending on income from the informal sector, and particularly by women and girls,", "Recognizing also that girl children are often at greater risk of being exposed to and encountering various forms of discrimination and violence, which continue to hinder efforts towards the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals, and reaffirming the need to achieve gender equality to ensure a just and equitable world for girls, including through partnering with men and boys, as an important strategy for advancing the rights of the girl child,", "Recognizing further that progress has been made in the adoption of national legislation that affirms the equality of girls and boys and that corresponding measures have not been taken to effectively implement such legislation, and recognizing the continuing existence of discrimination against women and girls throughout the world and that addressing this situation will require additional efforts to strengthen policy implementation, including through international cooperation,", "Recognizing that the empowerment of and investment in girls, which is critical for economic growth, and the achievement of all Millennium Development Goals, including the eradication of poverty and extreme poverty, as well as the meaningful participation of girls in decisions that affect them, are key in breaking the cycle of discrimination and violence and in promoting and protecting the full and effective enjoyment of their human rights, and recognizing also that empowering girls requires their active participation in decision‑making processes and the active support and engagement of their parents, legal guardians, families and care providers, boys and men, as well as the wider community,", "Deeply concerned about all forms of violence against children, in particular the phenomena that disproportionately affect girls, such as commercial sexual exploitation and child pornography, child and forced marriages, rape, sexual abuse, domestic violence and trafficking in persons and, in addition, about the corresponding lack of accountability and impunity, which reflect discriminatory norms reinforcing the lower status of girls in society,", "Deeply concerned also that violence against women and girls is underrecognized, particularly at the community level, and underreported or unrecorded because of stigma, fear, social tolerance and the often illegal and covert nature of such activities,", "Deeply concerned further about discrimination against the girl child and the violation of the rights of the girl child, which often result in less access for girls to education, and to quality education, nutrition and physical and mental health care, in girls enjoying fewer of the rights, opportunities and benefits of childhood and adolescence than boys, and in leaving them more vulnerable than boys to the consequences of unprotected and premature sexual relations and often being subjected to various forms of cultural, social, sexual and economic exploitation and violence, abuse, rape, incest, honour‑related crimes and harmful traditional practices, such as female infanticide, child and forced marriages, prenatal sex selection and female genital mutilation,", "Deeply concerned that child and forced marriages expose young married girls to greater risk of HIV and sexually transmitted infections, often lead to early childbearing and increase the risk of disability, stillbirth and maternal death, and reduce their opportunities to complete their education, gain comprehensive knowledge, participate in the community or develop employable skills, and violate and impair the full enjoyment of the human rights of women and girls,", "Deeply concerned also that early pregnancy and early childbearing and limited access to sexual and reproductive health care, including in the area of skilled birth attendance and emergency obstetric care, cause high prevalences of obstetric fistula and high levels of maternal mortality and morbidity and furthermore entail complications during pregnancy and childbirth which often lead to death, particularly for young women and girls,", "Recognizing that progress towards ending child and forced marriages can have a positive impact on indicators related to girls’ education, maternal health and child health, thereby contributing to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals,", "Deeply concerned that, despite their widespread practice, child and forced marriages are still underreported, and recognizing that this requires further attention,", "Deeply concerned also that female genital mutilation violates and impairs the full enjoyment of the human rights of women and girls and that it is an irreparable and irreversible harmful practice, and that the goal of ending female genital mutilation by 2010, set out in the document entitled “A world fit for children”, remains unmet,", "Deeply concerned further that, in situations of poverty, war and armed conflict, girl children are among those most affected and furthermore become the victims of sexual violence, abuse and exploitation and sexually transmitted infections and diseases, including HIV and AIDS, which have a serious impact on the quality of their lives and leave them open to further discrimination, violence and neglect, thus limiting their potential for full development,", "Emphasizing that increased access to education for young people, especially girls, including in the areas of sexual and reproductive health, dramatically lowers their vulnerability to preventable diseases, in particular HIV infection and sexually transmitted diseases,", "Recognizing that early childbearing continues to be an impediment to the improvement of the educational and social status of girls in all parts of the world and that, overall, child and forced marriages and early motherhood can severely curtail their educational opportunities and are likely to have a long‑term, adverse impact on their employment opportunities and on their and their children’s quality of life,", "Convinced that racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance reveal themselves in a differentiated manner for women and girls and can be among the factors leading to a deterioration in their living conditions, poverty, violence, multiple forms of discrimination and limitation or denial of their human rights,", "Recognizing that women and girls with disabilities are subject to multiple forms of discrimination, including in respect of their access to education and employment, and the importance of the implementation of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in this regard,", "Noting with concern that, in some parts of the world, men outnumber women as a result, in part, of harmful attitudes and practices, such as female genital mutilation, son preference, which results in female infanticide and prenatal sex selection, early marriage, including child marriage, violence against women, sexual exploitation, sexual abuse and discrimination against girls in food allocation and in other practices related to health and well‑being, with the result that fewer girls than boys survive into adulthood,", "Deeply concerned that the phenomenon of child‑headed households, in particular those headed by girls, is becoming a serious social problem,", "Deeply concerned also that the impact of the HIV and AIDS epidemic, including illness and mortality, erosion of the extended family, exacerbation of poverty, unemployment and underemployment, and migration, as well as urbanization, have contributed to the increase in the number of child‑headed households,", "Recognizing that women and girls bear the disproportionate burden of caring for and supporting those living with and affected by HIV and AIDS, and that this impacts negatively on girls by depriving them of their childhood and diminishing their opportunities to receive an education,", "1. Stresses the need for full and urgent implementation of the rights of the girl child as provided to her under human rights instruments, and urges States to consider signing and ratifying or acceding to the Convention on the Rights of the Child,¹ the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women,² the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities³ and the Optional Protocols thereto⁴ as a matter of priority;", "2. Urges all States that have not yet signed and ratified or acceded to the Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138)[18] and the Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182),[19] of the International Labour Organization to consider doing so;", "3. Urges all Governments and the United Nations system to strengthen efforts bilaterally and with international organizations and private sector donors in order to achieve the goals of the World Education Forum,[20] in particular that of eliminating gender disparities in primary and secondary education by 2005, which have not been fully met, and to implement the United Nations Girls’ Education Initiative as a means of reaching this goal, and calls for the implementation of and reaffirms the commitments contained in the Education for All goals and the Millennium Development Goals, particularly those related to gender and education;", "4. Calls upon all States to place enhanced emphasis on quality education for the girl child, including catch‑up and literacy education for those who did not receive formal education, to promote access to skills and entrepreneurial training for young women and to tackle male and female stereotypes in order to ensure that young women entering the labour market have opportunities to obtain full and productive employment and decent work;", "5. Encourages States to promote the development of gender‑sensitive curricula for educational programmes at all levels and to take concrete measures to ensure that educational materials portray women and men, youth, girls and boys in positive and non‑stereotypic roles, particularly in the teaching of scientific and technological subjects, in order to address the root causes of segregation in working life;", "6. Calls upon States and the international community to recognize the right to education on the basis of equal opportunity and non‑discrimination by making primary education compulsory and available free to all children, and ensuring that all children have access to education of good quality, as well as making secondary education generally available and accessible to all, in particular through the progressive introduction of free education, bearing in mind that special measures to ensure equal access, including affirmative action, contribute to achieving equal opportunity and combating exclusion, and ensuring school attendance, in particular for girls and children from low‑income families;", "7. Calls upon States, with the support of international organizations, civil society and non‑governmental organizations, as appropriate, to develop policies and programmes, giving priority to formal and informal education programmes, including age‑appropriate sex education, with appropriate direction and guidance from parents and legal guardians, that support girls and enable them to acquire knowledge, develop self‑esteem and take responsibility for their own lives, and to place special focus on programmes to educate women and men, especially parents, about the importance of girls’ physical and mental health and well‑being, including the elimination of discrimination against girls in child and forced marriages;", "8. Calls upon all States and international and non‑governmental organizations, individually and collectively, to implement further the Beijing Platform for Action,¹² in particular the strategic objectives relating to the girl child, and the further actions and initiatives to implement the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action,[21] and to mobilize all necessary resources and support in order to achieve the goals and strategic objectives and actions set out in the Beijing Declaration¹¹ and Platform for Action;", "9. Calls upon all States to take measures to address the obstacles that continue to affect the achievement of the goals set forth in the Beijing Platform for Action, as contained in paragraph 33 of the further actions and initiatives, where appropriate, including the strengthening of national mechanisms to implement policies and programmes for the girl child and, in some cases, to enhance coordination among responsible institutions for the realization of the human rights of girls, as indicated in the further actions and initiatives;", "10. Urges States to strengthen efforts to urgently eradicate all forms of discrimination against women and girls and, where applicable, to remain dedicated to the implementation of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and the Optional Protocol thereto;[22]", "11. Also urges States to fulfil the pledges that they made at the Fourth World Conference on Women and at the twenty‑third special session of the General Assembly to modify or abolish remaining laws that discriminate against women and girls;", "12. Further urges States to improve the situation of girl children living in poverty, deprived of nutrition, water and sanitation facilities, with limited or no access to basic physical and mental health‑care services, shelter, education, participation and protection, taking into account that, while a severe lack of goods and services hurts every human being, it is most threatening and harmful to the girl child, leaving her unable to enjoy her rights, to reach her full potential and to participate as a full member of society;", "13. Urges States to ensure that the applicable requirements of the International Labour Organization for the employment of girls and boys are respected and effectively enforced and that girls who are employed have equal access to decent work, and equal payment and remuneration, are protected from economic exploitation, discrimination, sexual harassment, violence and abuse in the workplace, are aware of their rights and have access to formal and non‑formal education, skills development and vocational training, and also urges States to develop gender‑sensitive measures, including national action plans, where appropriate, to eliminate the worst forms of child labour, including commercial sexual exploitation, slavery‑like practices, forced and bonded labour, trafficking and hazardous forms of child labour;", "14. Recognizes the importance of strengthening health systems, in particular primary health care and the need to integrate the HIV response into it, and notes that weak health systems, which already face many challenges, including a lack of trained health workers and insufficient retention of skilled health workers, are among the biggest barriers to accessing health care;", "15. Calls upon States, with the support of relevant stakeholders including the private sector, civil society, non‑governmental organizations and community‑based organizations, as appropriate, to take all measures necessary to ensure the right of girls to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health, including sexual and reproductive health, and to develop sustainable health systems and social services;", "16. Urges all States to promote gender equality and equal access to basic social services, such as education, nutrition, birth registration, health care, including sexual and reproductive health, vaccinations and protection from diseases representing the major causes of mortality, including non‑communicable diseases, and to mainstream a gender perspective in all development policies and programmes, including those relating to children as well as those specific to the girl child;", "17. Calls upon States, with the support of international organizations and civil society, including non‑governmental organizations, and the media, to take appropriate measures to address the root factors of child and forced marriages, including by undertaking educational activities to raise awareness regarding the negative aspects of such practices;", "18. Urges all States to enact and strictly enforce laws to ensure that marriage is entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses, and, in addition, to enact and strictly enforce laws concerning the minimum legal age of consent and the minimum age for marriage and raise the minimum age for marriage where necessary, and to develop and implement comprehensive policies, plans of action and programmes for the survival, protection, development and advancement of the girl child in order to promote and protect the full enjoyment of her human rights and to ensure equal opportunities for girls, including by making such plans an integral part of her total development process;", "19. Urges States to ensure that efforts to enact and implement legislation to end child and forced marriages engage all stakeholders and agents of change and ensure that the information on the legislation against the practice is well known and generates social support for the enforcement of such laws and legislation;", "20. Calls upon States to support community workshops and discussion sessions to enable communities to collectively explore ways to prevent and address child and forced marriages, provide information through stakeholders who are credible to the community, such as medical personnel and local, community and religious leaders, regarding the harm associated with these marriages, give greater voice to girls and ensure consistence of message throughout the entire community, and encourage the much‑needed strong engagement of men and boys;", "21. Also calls upon States to support and implement, including with dedicated resources, multisectoral policies and programmes that end the practice of child and forced marriages and ensure the provision of viable alternatives and institutional support, especially educational opportunities for girls, with an emphasis on keeping girls in school through post‑primary education, including those who are already married or pregnant, ensuring physical access to education, including by establishing safe residential facilities, increasing financial incentives to families, promoting the empowerment of girls, improving educational quality and ensuring safe and hygienic conditions in schools;", "22. Further calls upon States to strengthen research, data collection and analysis on the girl child, disaggregated by sex, age and geographical location, in order to provide a better understanding of the situations of girls, especially of the multiple forms of discrimination that they face, and to develop necessary policies and programme responses, which should take a holistic approach to addressing the full range of the forms of discrimination that girls may face, in order to protect their rights effectively;", "23. Urges States to take all measures necessary to ensure the full enjoyment by girls with disabilities of all human rights and fundamental freedoms on an equal basis with other children, and to adopt, implement and strengthen appropriate policies and programmes designed to address their needs;", "24. Urges all States to enact and enforce legislation to protect girls from all forms of violence and exploitation, including female infanticide and prenatal sex selection, female genital mutilation, rape, domestic violence, incest, sexual abuse, sexual exploitation, child prostitution and child pornography, trafficking and forced migration, forced labour and forced marriage, as well as marriage under legal age, and to develop age‑appropriate safe, confidential and disability‑accessible programmes and medical, social and psychological support services to assist girls who are subjected to violence and discrimination;", "25. Urges States to complement punitive measures with educational activities designed to promote a process of consensus towards the abandonment of harmful practices such as female genital mutilation and to provide appropriate services for those affected by the practices;", "26. Calls upon all States to enact and enforce the necessary legislative or other measures, in cooperation with relevant stakeholders, to prevent the distribution over the Internet of child pornography, including depictions of child sexual abuse, ensuring that adequate mechanisms are in place to enable reporting and removal of such material and that its creators, distributors and collectors are prosecuted as appropriate;", "27. Urges States to formulate comprehensive, multidisciplinary and coordinated national plans, programmes or strategies to eliminate all forms of discrimination and violence against women and girls, which should be widely disseminated and should provide targets and timetables for implementation, as well as effective domestic enforcement procedures through the establishment of monitoring mechanisms involving all parties concerned, including consultations with women’s organizations, giving attention to the recommendations relating to the girl child of the Special Rapporteurs of the Human Rights Council on violence against women, its causes and consequences, and on trafficking in persons, especially women and children, and of the Special Representative of the Secretary‑General on Violence against Children;", "28. Also urges States to ensure that the right of children to express themselves and to participate in all matters affecting them, in accordance with their age and maturity, is fully and equally enjoyed by girls;", "29. Further urges States to involve girls, including girls with special needs, and their representative organizations, in decision‑making processes, as appropriate, and to include them as full and active partners in identifying their own needs and in developing, planning, implementing and assessing policies and programmes to meet those needs;", "30. Recognizes that a considerable number of girl children are particularly vulnerable, including orphans, children living on the street, internally displaced and refugee children, children affected by trafficking and sexual and economic exploitation, children living with or affected by HIV and AIDS, and children who are incarcerated who live without parental support, and therefore urges States, with the support of the international community, where relevant, to take appropriate measures to address the needs of such children by implementing national policies and strategies to build and strengthen governmental, community and family capacities to provide a supportive environment for such children, including by providing appropriate counselling and psychosocial support, and ensuring their enrolment in school and access to shelter, good nutrition and health and social services on an equal basis with other children;", "31. Encourages States to promote actions, including through bilateral and multilateral technical cooperation and financial assistance, for the social reintegration of children in difficult situations, in particular girls, considering, inter alia, views, skills and capacities that those children have developed in the conditions in which they lived and, where appropriate, with their meaningful participation;", "32. Urges all States and the international community to respect, promote and protect the rights of the girl child, taking into account the particular vulnerabilities of the girl child in pre‑conflict, conflict and post‑conflict situations, as well as in other humanitarian emergencies, and further urges States to take special measures for the protection of girls, in particular to protect them from sexually transmitted infections, including HIV infection, gender‑based violence, including rape, sexual abuse and sexual exploitation, torture, abduction and forced labour, paying special attention to refugee and displaced girls, and to take into account their special needs in the delivery of humanitarian assistance and disarmament, demobilization, rehabilitation assistance and reintegration processes;", "33. Deplores all cases of sexual exploitation and abuse of women and children, especially girls, in humanitarian crises, including those cases involving humanitarian workers and peacekeepers, and urges States to take effective measures to address gender‑based violence in humanitarian emergencies and to make all possible efforts to ensure that their laws and institutions are adequate to prevent, promptly investigate and prosecute acts of gender‑based violence;", "34. Also deplores all acts of sexual exploitation, abuse of and trafficking in women and children by military, police and civilian personnel involved in United Nations operations, welcomes the efforts undertaken by United Nations agencies and peacekeeping operations to implement a zero‑tolerance policy in this regard, and requests the Secretary‑General and personnel‑contributing countries to continue to take all appropriate action necessary to combat these abuses by such personnel, including through the full implementation without delay of those measures adopted in the relevant General Assembly resolutions based on recommendations of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations;[23]", "35. Urges Member States, the United Nations and other international, regional and subregional organizations, as well as civil society, including non‑governmental organizations, the private sector and the media, to fully and effectively implement the relevant provisions of the United Nations Global Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons[24] and the activities outlined therein, and expresses its view that it will, inter alia, contribute to the promotion of the rights of the girls and enhance cooperation and a better coordination of efforts in fighting trafficking in persons and promote increased ratification and full implementation of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime[25] and the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime;[26]", "36. Calls upon Member States to devise, enforce and strengthen effective child‑ and youth‑sensitive measures to combat, eliminate and prosecute all forms of trafficking in women and girls, including for sexual and economic exploitation, as part of a comprehensive anti‑trafficking strategy within wider efforts to eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls, including by taking effective measures against the criminalization of girls who are victims of exploitation and ensuring that girls who have been exploited receive access to the necessary psychosocial support;", "37. Calls upon Governments, civil society, including the media, and non‑governmental organizations to promote human rights education and full respect for and the enjoyment of the human rights of the girl child, inter alia, through the translation, production and dissemination of age‑appropriate and gender‑sensitive information material on those rights to all sectors of society, in particular to children;", "38. Requests the Secretary‑General, as Chair of the United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination, to ensure that all organizations and bodies of the United Nations system, individually and collectively, in particular the United Nations Children’s Fund, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, the World Food Programme, the United Nations Population Fund, the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN‑Women), the World Health Organization, the United Nations Development Programme, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the International Labour Organization, take into account the rights and the particular needs of the girl child in country programmes of cooperation in accordance with national priorities, including through the United Nations Development Assistance Framework;", "39. Requests all human rights treaty bodies and the human rights mechanisms of the Human Rights Council, including the special procedures, to adopt regularly and systematically a gender perspective in the implementation of their mandates and to include in their reports information on the qualitative analysis of violations of the human rights of women and girls, and encourages the strengthening of cooperation and coordination in that regard;", "40. Requests States to ensure that, in all policies and programmes designed to provide comprehensive HIV and AIDS prevention, treatment, care and support, particular attention and support are given to the girl child at risk, living with or affected by HIV, including pregnant girls and young and adolescent mothers and girls with disabilities, with a view to achieving Millennium Development Goal 6, in particular to halt and begin to reverse by 2015 the spread of HIV;", "41. Invites States to promote initiatives aimed at reducing the prices of antiretroviral drugs, especially second‑line drugs, available to the girl child, including bilateral and private sector initiatives as well as initiatives on a voluntary basis taken by groups of States, including those based on innovative financing mechanisms that contribute to the mobilization of resources for social development, including those that aim to provide further access to drugs at affordable prices to developing countries on a sustainable and predictable basis, and in this regard takes note of the International Drug Purchase Facility, UNITAID;", "42. Calls upon all States to integrate food and nutritional support with the goal that children, especially girl children, have access at all times to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences, for an active and healthy life, as part of a comprehensive response to HIV and AIDS, other communicable diseases and non‑communicable diseases;", "43. Urges States and the international community to increase resources at all levels, particularly in the education and health sectors, so as to enable young people, especially girls, to gain the knowledge, attitudes and life skills that they need to overcome their challenges, including the prevention of HIV infection and early pregnancy, and to enjoy the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health, including sexual and reproductive health;", "44. Stresses the need to strengthen the commitment of States and the United Nations system in their responsibility to mainstream the promotion and protection of the rights of the child, in particular the girl child, in the development agenda at the national, regional and international levels;", "45. Urges States, the international community, the relevant United Nations entities, civil society and international financial institutions to continue to actively support, through the allocation of increased human and financial resources, targeted innovative programmes that address ending female genital mutilation and developing and providing education programmes, such as the United Nations Population Fund‑United Nations Children’s Fund joint programme on accelerating the abandonment of female genital mutilation, and sensitization workshops on the dire consequences of this harmful practice for the health of the girl, and to provide training programmes for those who perform the harmful procedure so that they may adopt an alternative profession;", "46. Stresses that a common coordinated approach that promotes positive social change at the community, national and international levels could lead to the abandonment of female genital mutilation within a generation, with some of the main achievements being obtained by 2015, in line with the Millennium Development Goals;", "47. Urges States, the international community, the relevant United Nations entities, civil society and the international financial institutions to actively support, through the allocation of increased human and financial resources, efforts to end child and forced marriages;", "48. Calls upon States to strengthen the capacity of national health systems, and in this regard calls upon the international community to assist national efforts, including by allocation of adequate resources in order to provide essential services needed to prevent obstetric fistula and to treat those cases that occur by providing the continuum of services, including family planning, prenatal and postnatal care, skilled birth attendance, emergency obstetric care and post‑partum care, to adolescent girls, including those living in poverty and in underserved rural areas where obstetric fistula is most common;", "49. Calls upon States and the international community to create an environment in which the well‑being of the girl child is ensured, inter alia, by cooperating, supporting and participating in global efforts for poverty eradication at the global, regional and country levels, recognizing that strengthened availability and effective allocation of resources are required at all levels, in order to ensure that all the internationally agreed development and poverty eradication goals, including those set out in the United Nations Millennium Declaration,[27] are realized within their time framework, and reaffirming that investment in children, particularly girls, and the realization of their rights are among the most effective ways to eradicate poverty;", "50. Requests the Secretary‑General to submit a report to the General Assembly at its sixty‑eighth session on the implementation of the present resolution, including an emphasis on child‑headed households: causes, effects and prospects, using information provided by Member States, the organizations and bodies of the United Nations system and non‑governmental organizations, with a view to assessing the impact of the present resolution on the well‑being of the girl child.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1] * Reissued for technical reasons on 5 April 2012.", "United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1577, No. 27531.", "[2]  Ibid., vol. 1249, No. 20378.", "[3]  Ibid., vol. 2515, No. 44910.", "[4]  Ibid., vols. 2171 and 2173, No. 27531; ibid., vol. 2131, No. 20378; and ibid., vol. 2518, No. 44910.", "[5]  Ibid., vol. 521, No. 7525.", "[6]  See resolution 60/1.", "[7]  See resolution 65/1.", "[8]  Resolution S‑27/2, annex.", "[9]  Resolution S‑26/2, annex.", "[10]  Resolution 60/262, annex.", "[11]  Report of the Fourth World Conference on Women, Beijing, 4–15 September 1995 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.96.IV.13), chap. I, resolution 1, annex I.", "[12]  Ibid., annex II.", "[13]  Resolution S‑23/2, annex, and resolution S‑23/3, annex.", "[14]  Report of the International Conference on Population and Development, Cairo, 5–13 September 1994 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.95.XIII.18), chap. I, resolution 1, annex.", "[15]  Report of the World Summit for Social Development, Copenhagen, 6–12 March 1995 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.96.IV.8), chap. I, resolution 1, annex II.", "[16]  See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 2011, Supplement No. 7 (E/2011/27), chap. I, sect. A.", "[17]  Ibid., 2010, Supplement No. 7 and corrigendum (E/2010/27 and Corr.1), chap I, sect. A; see also Economic and Social Council decision 2010/232.", "[18]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1015, No. 14862.", "[19]  Ibid., vol. 2133, No. 37245.", "[20]  See United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Final Report of the World Education Forum, Dakar, Senegal, 26–28 April 2000 (Paris, 2000).", "[21]  Resolution S‑23/3, annex.", "[22]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2131, No. 20378.", "[23]  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Fifty‑ninth Session, Supplement No. 19 (A/59/19/Rev.1).", "[24]  Resolution 64/293.", "[25]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2225, No. 39574.", "[26]  Ibid., vol. 2237, No. 39574.", "[27]  See resolution 55/2." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/458)]", "Girls", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming its resolutions 64/145 of 18 December 2009 and relevant resolutions, including the agreed conclusions of the Commission on the Status of Women, in particular those relating to girls,", "Reaffirming also the right to gender equality enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations,", "Recalling all human rights instruments and other instruments relating to the rights of the child, in particular girls, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the Optional Protocol to the Convention [4] and the Convention on the Recognition, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages,", "Reaffirming the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, and the commitments made at the 2005 World Summit related to girls, [6] and welcoming the outcome document of the high-level plenary meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals, entitled “Towards the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals”, [7]", "Reaffirming also the outcome document of the twenty-seventh special session of the General Assembly on children, entitled “A world fit for children”, the Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS, adopted at the twenty-sixth special session of the General Assembly on HIV/AIDS, entitled “Global Crisis - Global Action”, and the Political Declaration on HIV/AIDS 2006, [10]", "Reaffirming also all other relevant outcomes of the major United Nations conferences and summits on the issue of girls and their five-year and ten-year reviews, including the Beijing Declaration adopted by the Fourth World Conference on Women [11] and the Platform for Action, [12] outcome of the twenty-third special session of the General Assembly, entitled “Women 2000: gender equality, development and peace for the twenty-first century”, [13] Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development, [14] the Programme of Action of the World Summit for Social Development [15] and the agreed conclusions adopted by the Commission on the Status of Women at its fifty-fifth session, [16] the Commission considered the theme of “Women and participation in education, training, training and science and science and technology, training, including the promotion of women and technology, training, including the promotion of women, education, training, education, training, education, education, training, training, education, education, training and science and science and science and science and technology for women and technology for women and technology, including the promotion of women”.", "Welcoming the Declaration adopted by the Commission on the Status of Women on the occasion of the fifteenth anniversary of the Fourth World Conference on Women, [17] reaffirming that the full and effective implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, in particular with regard to girls, is essential for achieving the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals,", "Recalling the outcomes of the recent high-level meetings of the General Assembly on girls,", "Recalling also the Secretary-General's campaign “Uniting to End Violence against Women”, 2008-2015, and urging Governments, civil society, women's organizations, young people, the private sector, the media and the United Nations system as a whole to respond to widespread global violence against women and girls,", "Reaffirming the importance of mainstreaming gender equality throughout the United Nations system, including with regard to girls,", "Recognizing that long-term poverty remains the greatest obstacle to meeting the needs of children and the promotion and protection of the rights of children, and that urgent action by States and the international community is needed to combat chronic poverty, and noting that the global financial and economic crisis, the energy crisis, the food crisis and the continuing food insecurity burden have a direct impact on ordinary families, in particular those dependent on informal employment incomes, in particular women and girls,", "Recognizing also that girls often suffer and face all forms of discrimination and violence, which continue to hamper efforts to achieve the Millennium Development Goals, and reaffirming the need to achieve gender equality in order to ensure a just and equitable world for girls, including through partnerships with men and boys, as an important strategy to promote the implementation of the rights of girls,", "Recognizing also the progress made by States in recognizing equality between girls and boys through national legislation, but the failure of the parties to take appropriate measures to effectively implement such legislation, and recognizing the persistence of discrimination against women and girls worldwide, which requires further efforts by all parties to enhance policy implementation, including through international cooperation,", "Recognizing that the empowerment of girls and investing in girls are essential for the achievement of all the Millennium Development Goals, including poverty eradication and extreme poverty, and for the practical participation of girls in decision-making that affect them, are key to breaking the cycle of discrimination and violence, promoting and protecting the full and effective enjoyment of their human rights by girls, and recognizing that the empowerment of girls requires their active participation in decision-making processes and the active support and participation of their parents, legal guardians, families and caregivers and boys and the wider community,", "Deeply concerned at all forms of violence against children, in particular at the excessive impact on girls, such as commercial sexual exploitation and child pornography, child marriage, forced marriage, rape, sexual abuse, domestic violence and trafficking, and at the lack of accountability in this regard and impunity for those responsible, which reflects discriminatory rules that make girls more vulnerable in society,", "Deeply concerned also that violence against women and girls is not fully recognized, in particular at the community level, and that reports are inadequate or not recorded, owing to the stigma of victims, the psychological fear, the condonment of society and the illegal and hidden nature of these activities,", "Deeply concerned also that discrimination against girls and violations of the rights of girls often result in reducing girls' access to education and reducing the quality of education they receive, resulting in a reduction in their nutrition and physical and mental health opportunities, lowering girls' rights, opportunities and benefits for children and juveniles, making them more vulnerable to the consequences of unprotected and mature sexual relations than boys, and making them often subject to various forms of cultural, social, sexual and economic exploitation and violence, as a result of abuse, rape, incest, honour-related crimes and harmful traditional practices, such as female infanticide, antenatal sex selection and marriage.", "Deeply concerned that child marriage and forced marriage expose married young girls to greater risk of HIV and sexually transmitted infections, often lead to early childbearing, increased risk of disability, death and maternal deaths, and reduce their chances of completing their education, acquiring full knowledge, participating in the community or developing practical employment skills, and violating the human rights of women and girls and impeding their full enjoyment of human rights,", "Deeply concerned also at the limited access to early and early pregnancies and sexual and reproductive health, including skilled attendance and emergency obstetric care, resulting in a high rate of obstetric fistula and maternal mortality and morbidity, as well as complications during pregnancy and childbirth, often resulting in death, in particular for women and girls,", "Recognizing that progress in eliminating child marriage and forced marriage can have a positive impact on indicators related to girls' education, maternal health and child health, thus contributing to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals,", "Deeply concerned about the prevalence of child marriage and forced marriage, but the low reporting rate and the need for greater attention in this regard,", "Deeply concerned also that the practice of female genital mutilation violates the human rights of women and girls and hampers their full enjoyment of their human rights as a harmful practice, that its consequences cannot be filled and cannot be reversed, and that the goal of eliminating female genital mutilation by 2010, as set out in the document entitled “A world fit for children”, remains unfulfilled,", "Deeply concerned also that girls are the most affected in poverty, war and armed conflict, and that they are victims of sexual violence, sexual abuse and sexual exploitation and sexually transmitted infections and diseases, including HIV and AIDS, which are severely affected by their quality of life and are vulnerable to further discrimination, violence and neglect, thus limiting the potential for their full development,", "Emphasizing that young people, in particular girls, will significantly reduce their vulnerability to preventable diseases, in particular HIV and sexually transmitted diseases, if they have increased access to education, including sexual and reproductive health,", "Recognizing that early child care continues to be an obstacle to the improvement of the educational status and social status of girls worldwide, and that, in general, child marriage, forced marriage and early childhood will seriously reduce their access to education and may have long-term adverse impacts on their employment and the quality of life of their children,", "Convinced that racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance differ in the way women and girls can be part of the factors contributing to the deterioration of living conditions, poverty, violence, multiple forms of discrimination and their limitations or deprivation of human rights,", "Recognizing that women and girls with disabilities face multiple discrimination, including in education and in school, and that the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities must be implemented,", "Noting with concern that the number of men in some parts of the world is higher than women, partly due to harmful attitudes and practices, such as female genital mutilation, the killing of female babies and pre-natal sex choices, early marriage, including child marriage, violence against women, sexual exploitation, sexual abuse, discrimination against girls in food distribution, and other practices related to health and welfare, which result in lower numbers of girls living in adulthood,", "Deeply concerned that the phenomenon of households headed by children, in particular girls, is becoming a serious social problem,", "Deeply concerned also at the impact of the epidemic on HIV and AIDS, including disease and mortality, the gradual disappearance of the family, the increased poverty, unemployment and underemployment, migration and urbanization, and the increase in the number of households headed by children,", "Recognizing that women and girls bear a disproportionate burden on care and support for HIV and AIDS patients and those affected by HIV and AIDS, which adversely affect girls and deprive them of their childhood and reduce their access to education,", "Stresses the importance of the full and urgent implementation of the rights of girls set out in human rights instruments, and urges States to give priority to signing and ratifying the Convention on the Rights of the Child,1 the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women2 and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities3 and the Optional Protocol thereto,4", "Urges all States that have not yet done so to consider signing and ratifying or acceding to the International Labour Organization Minimum Age Convention 1973 (No. 138) [18] and the Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention of 1999 (No. 182) [19];", "Urges all Governments and the United Nations system to strengthen bilateral efforts and to work with international organizations and private sector donors to achieve the goals of the World Education Forum, [20] in particular to achieve the goal of eliminating gender disparities in primary and secondary education by the end of 2005 and to implement the United Nations Girls' Education Initiative as a means of achieving that goal, and calls for the implementation and reaffirmation of the commitments contained in the Education for All and the Millennium Development Goals, in particular those related to gender equality and education;", "Calls upon all States to strengthen the importance attached to quality education for girls, including through the provision of complementary and literacy education for girls who do not receive formal education, and to promote skills training and entrepreneurship training for young women and the elimination of stereotypical gender stereotypes in order to ensure that young women in the labour market have access to adequate, productive employment and decent work;", "Encourages States to promote gender-sensitive curricula for education programmes at all levels, and to take practical measures to ensure that teaching materials are used to target women, men, youth, girls and boys, in particular in the area of teaching in science and technology disciplines, with a view to eliminating segregation in the life of the work;", "Calls upon States and the international community to recognize the right to education of equal opportunity and non-discrimination, and to provide that primary education is free and compulsory for all children and that all children are provided with quality education, in particular through the progressive introduction of free education, taking into account special measures to ensure equal access to secondary education, including affirmative action, in order to promote equal opportunities and eliminate exclusion, and to ensure that children, in particular girls and low-income families, are taught;", "Calls upon States, as appropriate, to develop policies and programmes, with the support of international organizations, civil society and non-governmental organizations, with priority being given to formal education and non-formal education programmes, including the appropriate leadership and guidance of parents and legal guardians, in order to support girls and to enable girls to access knowledge, establish self-esteem and be responsible for their lives, and to pay particular attention to the implementation of programmes to educate women and men, in particular parents, about the importance of their physical and mental health, including the elimination of discrimination against girls in child marriage and forced marriage;", "Calls upon all States, international organizations and non-governmental organizations to implement, individually and collectively, the Beijing Platform for Action,12 in particular, the strategic objectives relating to girls, as well as further actions and initiatives to implement the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, [21] and to mobilize all necessary resources and support to achieve the goals and strategic objectives set out in the Beijing Declaration11 and the Platform for Action, and to take all actions outlined therein;", "Calls upon all States to take measures, as appropriate, to eliminate obstacles that continue to affect the achievement of the goals set out in the Beijing Platform for Action, as set out in paragraph 33 of the further actions and initiatives, including through further action and initiatives, to strengthen national mechanisms for the implementation of policies and programmes targeting girls and, in some cases, to strengthen coordination among institutions responsible for the implementation of the human rights of girls;", "Urges States to intensify their efforts to urgently eliminate all forms of discrimination against women and girls and, where appropriate, to continue their commitment to the implementation of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and its Optional Protocol; [22]", "Also urges States to comply with their commitments made at the Fourth World Conference on Women and at the twenty-third special session of the General Assembly to modify or repeal laws that still discriminate against women and girls;", "Also urges States to improve the situation of girls living in poverty, lack of nutrition, lack of access to water and sanitation, and to have little opportunity or no opportunity to access basic physical and mental health services, shelter, education, participation and protection, taking into account that, despite the lack of goods and services to all, the threats and injuries of girls are the greatest in order to enable them to enjoy their rights, to fully realize their potential and participate as a full member of society;", "Urges States to ensure compliance and effective implementation of the applicable provisions of the International Labour Organization concerning the employment of girls and boys, to ensure equal access to decent work and equal remuneration for employed girls, and to be protected from economic exploitation, discrimination, sexual harassment, violence and abuse, to understand their rights, access to formal and non-formal education, skills development and vocational training, and urges States to develop gender-sensitive measures, including, where appropriate, national action plans to eliminate the worst forms of child labour, including commercial sexual exploitation, transenslavement practices, forced labour, trafficking and hazardous child labour;", "Acknowledges the need to strengthen health systems, in particular primary health care, and the need to integrate HIV prevention efforts, notes that the health system is weak and that many challenges such as the lack of trained health workers and the inability to retain adequate skilled health workers are one of the biggest obstacles to access to health services;", "Calls upon States, as appropriate, to take all necessary measures, with the support of the private sector, civil society, non-governmental organizations and community-based organizations, to ensure that girls are entitled to the highest attainable standard of health, including sexual and reproductive health, and to develop sustainable health systems and social services;", "Urges all States to promote gender equality and equal access to basic social services, such as education, nutrition, birth registration, sexual and reproductive health, vaccination and combating major causes of mortality, including non-communicable diseases, and to mainstream a gender perspective into all development policies and programmes, including the integration of child-related and specific development policies and programmes for girls;", "Calls upon States, with the support of international organizations and civil society, including non-governmental organizations and the media, to take appropriate measures to eliminate the underlying causes of child marriage and forced marriage, including through educational activities to raise awareness of the adverse effects of such practices;", "Urges all States to enact and strictly enforce laws to ensure that marriage is possible only if the marriage is fully agreed by both parties, and to enact and strictly enforce laws on the minimum age of consent and minimum age of marriage, to raise the minimum age of marriage, where necessary, and to design and implement comprehensive policies, action plans and programmes for the survival, protection and development of girls and their advancement in order to promote and guarantee the full enjoyment of human rights of girls and to ensure equal opportunities for girls, including by making such plans an integral part of the overall development process for girls;", "Urges States to ensure the participation of stakeholders and the various forces of change in efforts to enact and implement legislation to prohibit child marriage and forced marriage and to ensure that information relevant to legislation to eliminate this practice is widely known and contributes to the implementation of such laws and legislation by society at large;", "Calls upon States to support the community in organizing workshops and seminars to enable communities to jointly explore ways to prevent and respond to child marriage and forced marriage, and to provide information through credible stakeholders, such as medical personnel and local, community and religious leaders, on the part of the community, to reveal the perpetrators of child marriage and forced marriage, and to give girls greater voice, while ensuring the consistency of information-related throughout society, and encourages the strong participation of men and boys in the very need;", "Also calls upon States to support and implement multisectoral policies and programmes, including through the allocation of specialized resources to end child marriage and forced marriage practices and to ensure the provision of viable alternative programmes and institutional support, in particular for girls, while also focusing on girls, including the continuous school attendance of girls who have married or pregnant, the establishment of safe residential facilities to ensure their physical access to education, the increased financial incentives for families, the promotion of girls' empowerment, the improvement of the quality of education and the safety and health conditions in schools;", "Further calls upon States to strengthen research and data collection and analysis of girls, disaggregated by sex, age and geographical location, in order to better understand the situation of girls, in particular the multiple forms of discrimination they face, and to develop the necessary policy and programme responses to address all forms of discrimination that girls may face, with a view to effectively protecting their rights;", "Urges States to take all necessary measures to ensure that girls with disabilities enjoy all human rights and fundamental freedoms on the basis of equality with other children, and to enact, implement and strengthen appropriate policies and programmes aimed at responding to the needs of girls;", "Urges all States to enact and implement legislation to protect girls from all forms of violence and exploitation, including female infanticide and prenatal gender selection, female genital mutilation, rape, domestic violence, incest, sexual abuse, sexual exploitation, child prostitution and child pornography, trafficking and forced migration, forced labour, forced marriage and marriage below the statutory age, and to develop programmes tailored to age, security, confidentiality and accessibility, and to provide medical, social and psychological support services to assist girls who suffer from violence and discrimination;", "Also urges States to promote the progressive development of a consensus to reject harmful practices, such as female genital mutilation and to provide adequate services for those affected by these practices, as complementary to educational activities;", "Calls upon all States, in cooperation with relevant stakeholders, to enact and implement the necessary legislative or other measures to prevent the dissemination of child pornography through the Internet, including the depiction of child abuse, and to ensure that appropriate mechanisms are put in place to report and delete such materials and to ensure, where appropriate, the prosecution of their producers, disseminaters and collectors;", "Urges States to develop comprehensive, multidisciplinary and coordinated national plans, programmes or strategies for the elimination of all forms of discrimination and violence against women and girls, and to disseminate widely, through the establishment of monitoring mechanisms involving all parties concerned, including women's organizations, the implementation indicators and timetables and effective domestic implementation procedures, and to take note of the recommendations of the Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences, the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in women and children, and the Special Rapporteur on violence against children;", "Also urges States to ensure the full and equal right of girls to express their views and participate in all matters related to them, in accordance with their age and maturity;", "Also urges States to involve girls, including girls with special needs, as appropriate, in decision-making processes, as formal and active partners, in identifying their needs, and to participate in the development, planning, implementation and evaluation of policies and programmes to meet those needs;", "Recognizes that a significant number of girls are particularly vulnerable, including orphans, street children, internally displaced children and refugee children, trafficked and exploited children, children infected with HIV and AIDS or affected by HIV and AIDS, and children deprived of parental support, and urges States, with the support of the international community, to take appropriate measures to meet the needs of these children, to implement national policies and strategies, to build and strengthen the capacity of Governments, communities and families, and to create an enabling environment for such children, including adequate counselling and psychosocial assistance, to ensure their access to housing, nutrition and health services on the basis of equality with other children;", "Encourages States to promote actions, including through bilateral and multilateral technical cooperation and financial assistance, to reintegrate children in difficult situations, in particular girls, into social life, taking into account, inter alia, their views and skills and capacities in their living environment, and, where appropriate, their meaningful participation;", "Urges all States and the international community to take into account the particular vulnerability of girls in pre-conflict, conflict and post-conflict environments, as well as other humanitarian emergencies, to respect, promote and protect the rights of girls, and urges States to take special measures to protect girls, in particular by protecting them from sexually transmitted infections, including HIV infection, and preventing them from being subjected to gender-based violence, including rape, sexual abuse and sexual exploitation, torture, abduction and forced labour, with particular attention to refugee girls and displaced girls, and to take into account their special needs in the distribution of humanitarian aid supplies and in the implementation of disarmament, demobilization, assistance and reintegration programmes;", "Deplores all sexual exploitation and sexual abuse of women and children, in particular girls, in humanitarian crises, including those involving humanitarian workers and peacekeepers, and urges States to take effective measures to address gender violence in humanitarian emergencies and to make every effort to ensure that national laws and institutions are improved enough to prevent, promptly investigate and prosecute gender violence;", "Also deplores all sexual exploitation, sexual abuse and trafficking committed by military, police and civilian personnel involved in United Nations operations against women and children, and welcomes the efforts made by United Nations agencies and peacekeeping operations to implement the zero tolerance policy in this regard, requests the Secretary-General and troop-contributing countries to continue to take all necessary appropriate action to eliminate those abuses committed by such personnel, including by fully implementing, without delay, the measures adopted by the General Assembly in its resolution [23], in accordance with the recommendations of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations;", "Urges Member States, the United Nations and other international, regional and subregional organizations, as well as civil society, including non-governmental organizations, the private sector and the media, to implement fully and effectively the relevant provisions of the United Nations Global Plan of Action against Trafficking in Persons and the activities described therein, and considers that this will contribute in particular to the promotion of girls' rights, enhanced cooperation and better coordination of efforts to combat trafficking in persons and to promote the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime [United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime]. 25] The Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime [26] has been ratified and fully implemented by more States;", "Calls upon Member States to develop, implement and strengthen sensitive and effective measures for children and young people in order to combat, eliminate and prosecute all forms of trafficking in women and girls, including sexual exploitation and economic exploitation, as part of a comprehensive strategy to combat trafficking, and to include in their broader efforts to eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls, including by taking effective measures to prevent criminal punishment of girls who have been exploited and ensuring the necessary psychosocial counselling for girls;", "Calls upon Governments, civil society, including the media, and non-governmental organizations, to promote human rights education and full respect for and enjoyment of the human rights of girls, including through the translation, production and dissemination of information on the human rights of girls that are appropriate to children at all levels of society, in particular through gender-sensitive information materials;", "Requests the Secretary-General, as Chairman of the United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination, to ensure that all organizations and agencies of the United Nations system, in particular the United Nations Children's Fund, the World Food Programme, the United Nations Population Fund, the United Nations Office for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (BWC), the World Health Organization, the United Nations Development Programme, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the International Labour Organization, individually and collectively, including through the United Nations Development Assistance Framework, take into account the rights and special needs of girls in country-specific cooperation programmes, in accordance with country priorities;", "Requests all human rights treaty bodies and human rights mechanisms, including special procedures, to regularly and systematically adopt a gender perspective in the implementation of their mandates, to provide information on the substantive analysis of violations of the human rights of women and girls, and encourages enhanced cooperation and coordination in this regard;", "Invites States to ensure that all policies and programmes aimed at providing comprehensive HIV and AIDS prevention, treatment, care and support are of particular interest and assistance to girls who are victims of HIV threats, infection or impact, including pregnant girls and adolescent mothers and girls with disabilities, with a view to achieving the Millennium Development Goals 6, in particular by 2015, to halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV;", "Invites States to promote initiatives such as bilateral initiatives, private sector initiatives and voluntary initiatives, including innovative financing mechanisms to help mobilize resources for social development, as well as innovative financing mechanisms aimed at enabling developing countries to have access to medicines in a sustainable, predictable and affordable manner, with a view to reducing the prices of antiretroviral drugs for girls, in particular those on the second line, and, in this regard, notes the international drug procurement mechanisms;", "Calls upon all States to integrate food and nutrition support into a comprehensive response to HIV/AIDS, other communicable diseases and non-communicable diseases, with the goal of enabling children, in particular girls, to access adequate, safe and nutritious food at all times to meet their dietary needs and food preferences and to guarantee their active and healthy lives;", "Urges States and the international community to increase resources at all levels, in particular in the education and health sector, to enable young people, in particular girls, to have the necessary knowledge, care and life skills to overcome their challenges, including HIV prevention and early pregnancy, and to enjoy the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health, including sexual and reproductive health;", "Emphasizes the need to strengthen the implementation by States and the United Nations system of their responsibilities in mainstreaming the promotion and protection of the rights of children, in particular girls, into the national, regional and international development agenda;", "Urges States, the international community, relevant United Nations entities, civil society and international financial institutions to increase their human and financial resources, to continue to actively support targeted innovative programmes to end female genital mutilation practices, to develop and implement educational programmes such as the United Nations Population Fund-United Nations Children's Fund Joint Programme to accelerate the abandonment of female genital mutilation practices, as well as awareness-raising workshops to promote the extremely serious consequences of this harmful practice on the health of girls and to provide training to those involved in such harmful operations in order to redirect them;", "Emphasizes that a common and coordinated approach at the community, national and international levels to promote positive social change can lead to the abandonment of female genital mutilation within a generation of people and to achieve some of the main achievements by 2015, in accordance with the Millennium Development Goals;", "Urges States, the international community, relevant United Nations entities, civil society and international financial institutions to increase their human and financial resources and to actively support efforts to eliminate child marriage and forced marriage;", "Calls upon States to strengthen national health systems capacities and, in this regard, calls upon the international community to assist States in their efforts, including through the allocation of adequate resources, to provide essential services for the prevention and treatment of obstetric fistula, and to provide a range of services to adolescent girls, including those living in poverty and in poor health conditions, the most vulnerable rural areas of obstetric fistula, the provision of family planning, post-natal care, skilled birth care, emergency obstetric care and post-natal care;", "Also calls upon States and the international community to create an environment that guarantees the well-being of girls, including through cooperation, to support and participate in global efforts to eradicate poverty at the global, regional and national levels, while recognizing the need for increased resources and more efficient allocation of resources at the above levels to ensure the timely realization of the internationally agreed development goals and the goals of poverty eradication, including those set out in the United Nations Millennium Declaration [27], and reiterates that investments in children, in particular girls, and the implementation of the rights of the child are the most effective means of eradicating poverty;", "Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-eighth session a report on the implementation of the present resolution, drawing on the information provided by Member States, organizations of the United Nations system and agencies and non-governmental organizations, focusing on the causes, impacts and prospects of child heads of households, in order to assess the impact of the present resolution on the well-being of girls.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "AD(*) was reissued for technical reasons on 5 April 2012.", "United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1577, No. 27531.", "[2] Ibid., vol. 1249, No. 20378.", "[3] Ibid., vol. 2515, No. 44910.", "[4] Ibid., vol. 2171 and 2173, No. 27531; ibid., vol. 2131, No. 20378; ibid., vol. 2518, No. 44910.", "[5] Ibid., vol. 521, No. 7525.", "[6] See resolution 60/1.", "[7] See resolution 63/2.", "[8] S-27/2, annex.", "[9] S-26/2, annex.", "[10] Resolution 60/262, annex.", "[11] Report of the Fourth World Conference on Women, Beijing, 4-15 September 1995 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.96.IV.13), chap. I, resolution 1, annex I.", "[12] Ibid., annex II.", "[13] S-23/2, annex; resolution S-23/3, annex.", "[14] Report of the International Conference on Population and Development, Cairo, 5-13 September 1994 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.95.XIII.18), chap. I, resolution 1, annex.", "[15] Report of the World Summit for Social Development, Copenhagen, 6-12 March 1995 (United Nations publication, Sales No.", "[16] See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 2011, Supplement No. 7 (E/63/227), chap. I, sect.", "[17] Ibid., Supplement No. 7, and corrigen27 and Corr.1), chap. I, sect. A; see also Economic and Social Council decision 2010/232.", "United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1015, No. 14862.", "[19] Ibid., vol. 2133, No. 37245.", "[20] See United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Final Report of the World Education Forum, Dakar, Senegal, 26-28 April 2000 (Paris, 2000).", "[21] S-23/3, annex.", "United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2131, No. 20378.", "[23] See Official Records of the General Assembly, Fifty-ninth Session, Supplement No. 19 (A/59/19/Rev.1).", "[24] Resolution 64293.", "[25] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2225, No. 39574.", "Ibid., vol. 2237, No. 39574.", "[27] See resolution 55/2." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/458)通过]", "66/141. 儿童权利", "大会，", "重申其以往关于儿童权利的所有决议整体，其中最近的一项是2010年12月21日第65/197号决议，", "强调《儿童权利公约》[1] 构成促进和保护儿童权利的标准，同时铭记《公约》各项任择议定书[2] 的重要性，呼吁普遍批准和有效执行这些文书以及其他人权文书，", "回顾《残疾人权利公约》、[3] 《保护所有人免遭强迫失踪国际公约》[4] 和《保护所有移徙工人及其家庭成员权利国际公约》，[5]", "重申《儿童权利公约》所列的一般原则，包括儿童的最高利益、不歧视、参与以及生存和发展等，为所有涉及儿童包括青少年的行动确立了框架，", "又重申《维也纳宣言和行动纲领》、[6] 《联合国千年宣言》[7] 和关于儿童问题的大会特别会议题为“适合儿童生长的世界”的成果文件，[8] 并回顾《社会发展问题哥本哈根宣言和行动纲领》、[9] 世界教育论坛通过的《达喀尔行动框架》、[10] 《社会进步和发展宣言》、[11] 《世界消灭饥饿和营养不良宣言》、[12] 《发展权利宣言》、[13] 2007年12月11日至13日在纽约举行的专门讨论落实儿童问题特别会议成果后续行动的高级别全体纪念会议《宣言》[14] 以及2010年9月20日至22日在纽约举行的大会关于千年发展目标问题的高级别全体会议成果文件，[15]", "表示赞赏地注意到秘书长关于大会第二十七届特别会议成果文件所列承诺的落实进展报告[16] 及关于《儿童权利公约》现况和大会第65/197号决议所述问题的报告，[17] 以及负责暴力侵害儿童问题秘书长特别代表的报告[18] 和负责儿童与武装冲突问题的秘书长特别代表的报告，[19] 他们的建议应予认真研究，同时充分考虑到会员国的意见，", "确认负责儿童问题的国家政府架构，包括现有负责儿童、家庭和青年问题的部委和机构及儿童问题独立监察员或负责促进和保护儿童权利的其他国家机构发挥的重要作用，", "认识到家庭对养育和保护儿童负有主要责任，为了使儿童的个性得到全面和谐发展，必须让他们在家庭环境中，在充满幸福、关爱和理解的氛围中成长，", "表示赞赏地注意到联合国系统所有相关的机关、机构、实体和组织在各自任务范围内以及联合国相关任务执行人和特别程序、适情包括相关区域组织及政府间组织为促进和保护儿童权利而做的工作，并确认包括非政府组织在内的民间社会的宝贵作用，", "深为关切世界许多地区的儿童状况受到世界金融危机和经济危机的负面影响，重申消除贫穷继续是当今世界面临的最大全球性挑战，认识到其影响超越社会、经济范围，", "又深为关切在日益全球化的环境中，由于持续存在的贫穷、社会不平等、不健全的社会和经济条件、大流行病特别是艾滋病毒/艾滋病、疟疾和结核病、无法得到安全饮用水和环境卫生、环境破坏、自然灾害、武装冲突、外国占领、流离失所、暴力、恐怖主义、虐待、贩运儿童及其器官、一切形式的剥削、对儿童的商业性剥削、儿童卖淫、儿童色情制品和儿童色情旅游业、忽视、文盲、饥饿、不容忍、歧视、种族主义、仇外心理、性别不平等、残疾和法律保护不足，世界许多地区的儿童仍然处境十分艰难，深信必须采取紧急、有效的国家和国际行动，", "严重关切近来一些自然灾害的破坏性影响，包括对儿童的影响，重申必须迅速提供可持续的适足人道主义援助，支持受灾国家的救济、早期恢复、善后、重建和发展努力，又重申必须确保将各项人权包括儿童权利纳入这些努力的主流，", "强调指出需充分而有效地执行《联合国打击贩运人口活动全球行动计划》，[20] 认为该计划除其他外将有助于促进和保护儿童权利，在打击贩运人口活动方面加强合作和改善各项工作的协调，并促使《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》[21] 以及《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约关于预防、禁止和惩治贩运人口特别是妇女和儿童行为的议定书》[22] 得到更多国家的批准和充分执行，", "一 执行《儿童权利公约》及其各项任择议定书", "1. 重申大会第65/197号决议第1至6段，敦促尚未成为《儿童权利公约》¹ 及其关于买卖儿童、儿童卖淫和儿童色情制品问题的任择议定书[23] 和关于儿童卷入武装冲突问题的任择议定书[24] 缔约国的国家优先加入这些文书并予以充分执行；", "2. 欢迎秘书长努力促进《儿童权利公约》关于买卖儿童、儿童卖淫和儿童色情制品问题的任择议定书和《儿童权利公约》关于儿童卷入武装冲突问题的任择议定书》在2012年生效十周年之前获得普遍批准，并呼吁切实执行《公约》及上述任择议定书，以确保所有儿童都可充分享受其所有人权和基本自由；", "3. 吁请缔约国依照《维也纳宣言和行动纲领》⁶ 撤回不符合《公约》或其各项任择议定书目的和宗旨的保留，并考虑定期审查其他保留以期予以撤回；", "4. 表示赞赏地注意到人权理事会于2011年6月17日通过了一项《儿童权利公约》任择议定书，以提供一个来文程序，用于补充《儿童权利公约》报告程序；[25]", "5． 鼓励缔约国在执行《公约》及其各项任择议定书的条款时，注意到儿童权利委员会的建议、看法和一般性意见，除其他外包括关于残疾儿童权利的第9(2006)号一般性意见；[26]", "6. 欢迎委员会采取行动监督缔约国执行《公约》情况，赞赏地注意到它采取行动跟进其结论意见和建议的落实，并在这方面特别强调区域讲习班及委员会参与国家一级举措；", "二 促进和保护儿童权利以及不歧视儿童", "不歧视", "7. 重申大会2008年12月24日第63/241号决议第9至11段，促请各国确保所有儿童不受任何歧视地享受所有公民、政治、文化、经济和社会权利；", "出生登记、家庭关系和收养或其他形式的替代照料", "8. 又重申大会第63/241号决议第12至16段，敦促所有缔约国加紧努力，履行根据《儿童权利公约》¹ 承担的义务，在与出生登记、家庭关系和收养或其他形式替代照料有关的事项上保护儿童，并在发生父母或家庭成员对儿童实施国际绑架案件时，鼓励各国除其他外，便利儿童返回其在被劫走或羁留之前居住的国家；", "9. 回顾大会2009年12月18日第64/142号决议附件所载的《关于替代性儿童照料的导则》，认为这套指导方针有助于指导政策和实践，鼓励各国加以考虑；", "儿童的经济和社会福祉、消除贫穷、受教育的权利、享有能达到的最高标准身心健康的权利以及食物权", "10. 重申大会第63/241号决议第17至26段、2006年12月19日第61/146号决议中关于儿童与贫穷问题的第42至52段以及2005年12月23日第60/231号决议中关于受艾滋病毒和艾滋病感染或影响的儿童的第37至42段，促请各国和国际社会创造一个保障儿童福祉的环境，包括为此加强这一领域的国际合作，并履行以往就以下方面作出的承诺：消除贫穷；落实受教育权利以及采取措施，根据儿童能力的发展来促进人权教育；落实享有能达到的最高标准身心健康的权利，包括努力解决受艾滋病毒和艾滋病感染或影响儿童的处境并消除艾滋病毒母婴传播；确保人人享有食物权和适当生活标准的权利，包括住房和穿衣；", "11. 认识到全球金融和经济危机对实现包括千年发展目标在内的国际商定发展目标构成威胁，这一危机与多重彼此相关的全球危机和挑战存在联系，如粮食危机与持续粮食无保障、能源和商品价格波动、环境退化及气候变化，促请各国在应对这些危机时消除对儿童充分享受权利的消极影响；", "消除暴力侵害儿童行为", "12. 重申大会关于消除暴力侵害儿童行为问题的第63/241号决议第27至32段和2007年12月18日第62/141号决议第47至62段，谴责一切形式暴力侵害儿童行为，并敦促所有国家执行大会第63/241号决议第27段所列措施；", "13. 敦促各国酌情采取或加强立法和其他措施，以有效预防、禁止和消除所有环境中一切形式的暴力侵害儿童行为；", "14. 鼓励所有国家并请联合国各实体和机构以及邀请区域组织和包括非政府组织在内的民间社会，与负责暴力侵害儿童问题秘书长特别代表合作并给予支持，包括财政支持，使她能有效、独立地执行大会第62/141号决议规定的任务，推动进一步执行联合国暴力侵害儿童行为问题研究报告提出的各项建议，[27] 同时促进和确保这方面的国家自主及各项国家计划和方案；促请有关国家和机构并邀请私营部门为此目的提供自愿捐助；", "15. 赞赏地注意到负责暴力侵害儿童问题秘书长特别代表与国家政府、联合国机构、区域组织、人权机关和机制及民间社会代表协调，在儿童参与下推动建立牢固伙伴关系；", "16. 表示赞赏地注意到买卖儿童、儿童卖淫和儿童色情制品问题特别报告员和负责暴力侵害儿童问题秘书长特别代表的联合报告，[28] 其中概述了关于便于利用并对儿童问题有敏感认识的咨询、投诉和举报机制以应对包括性暴力和性剥削在内的暴力事件的情况；", "促进和保护儿童权利，包括处境特别困难的儿童的权利", "17. 重申大会第63/241号决议第34至42段，促请各国促进和保护处境特别困难的儿童的所有人权，并实施向他们提供特别保护和援助的方案和措施，包括提供保健、教育和社会服务，以及在适当可行情况下促成自愿遣返、重新融入社会、寻找家人和家庭团聚，尤其要注重孤身儿童，并且确保儿童的最高利益成为一个首要考虑因素；", "18. 回顾人权理事会2011年3月24日题为“儿童权利：采用综合方法保护并增进街头谋生和(或)流落街头儿童的权利”的第16/12号决议，[29] 呼吁全面执行该决议；", "被指称或经确认曾触犯刑法的儿童以及被指称或经确认曾触犯刑法者的子女", "19. 重申大会第63/241号决议第43至47段，促请各国尊重和保护被指称或经确认曾触犯刑法的儿童以及被指称或经确认曾触犯刑法者的子女的权利；", "防止和根除买卖儿童、儿童卖淫和儿童色情制品", "20. 又重申大会第63/241号决议第48至50段，促请各国防止、按刑事罪论处、起诉和惩处一切形式的买卖儿童行为，包括为转卖儿童器官以图营利、奴役儿童、对儿童进行商业性剥削、儿童卖淫和制作儿童色情制品等目的而买卖儿童以及利用因特网及其他信息通信技术从事此种活动，以期根除这些做法并为此而利用因特网及其他信息和通信技术；打击助长此种犯罪行为的市场，采取措施消除助长这些活动的需求；切实满足受害人的需要，并采取有效措施避免把属于剥削受害人的儿童当作罪犯处理；", "21. 促请各国制定和实施方案和政策，以保护儿童免遭虐待、性虐待、性剥削、商业性剥削、儿童卖淫、儿童色情和儿童色情旅游及绑架儿童等活动之害，并促请各国实施各项战略以寻找和协助所有遭遇这些侵犯行为的儿童；", "22. 又促请各国与相关利益攸关方合作，颁布和大力执行必要立法或其他措施，以防止通过因特网和在所有其他媒体中传播儿童色情，包括描述性虐待儿童的内容，确保建立适当机制，以便举报和删除此类材料，并确保酌情起诉其制作者、传播者和收藏者；", "受武装冲突影响的儿童", "23. 重申大会第63/241号决议第51至63段，最强烈地谴责针对受武装冲突影响儿童实施的一切侵犯和虐待行为，在这方面敦促所有违反包括人道主义法在内的适用国际法，从事招募或使用儿童，频繁袭击学校和(或)医院并导致儿童死亡或伤残和(或)对儿童施行强奸及其他性暴力以及一切其他侵害和虐待儿童行为的武装冲突国家当事方和其他当事方，采取有时限及有效的措施以制止这类行为，此外敦促各国、联合国各机构、基金和方案、其他相关国际组织和区域组织及民间社会，继续依照国际人道主义法，包括日内瓦第一至第四公约，[30] 认真关注武装冲突局势中对儿童实施的一切侵害和虐待行为问题，并保护和协助儿童受害人；", "24. 又重申大会、经济及社会理事会和人权理事会在促进和保护包括受武装冲突影响儿童在内的儿童权利与福利方面的关键作用，注意到安全理事会在确保保护受武装冲突影响儿童方面日益发挥作用，还注意到建设和平委员会在其任务范围内，在促进和推动儿童享受权利和福利方面所开展的活动；", "25. 赞赏地注意到就安全理事会2004年4月22日第1539(2004)号、2005年7月26日第1612(2005)号、2009年8月4日第1882(2009)号和2011年7月12日第1998(2011)号决议采取的步骤以及秘书长按照上述决议为实行儿童与武装冲突问题监测和报告机制而作的努力，在此过程中得到了各国政府和联合国相关行为体及民间社会行为体的参与及合作，包括在国家一级；请秘书长确保监测和报告机制所收集和散发的信息准确、客观、可靠并可核查；在这方面鼓励联合国儿童保护顾问在维持和平行动以及政治特派团和建设和平特派团中酌情开展工作和进行部署；", "童工", "26. 重申大会第63/241号决议中关于童工问题的第64至80段，促请各国将承诺化为具体行动，逐步切实消除可能危害或影响到儿童教育或有害儿童健康或身心、精神、道德或社会发展的童工现象，并立即消除最恶劣形式的童工劳动；", "27. 关心地注意到海牙全球童工问题会议的成果，包括实现到2016年消除最恶劣形式童工现象的路线图；", "28. 促请所有国家考虑到国际劳工组织总干事题为“加快针对童工问题的行动”的全球报告；", "29. 敦促所有尚未批准1999年《禁止和立即行动消除最恶劣形式的童工劳动公约》(第182号)[31] 和1973年《最低年龄公约》(第138号)[32] 的国家考虑批准这两项公约；", "落实幼儿期儿童权利", "30. 重申大会第65/197号决议第28至45段，重申幼儿期对于落实《儿童权利公约》所赋各项权利而言是一个关键时期，敦促所有国家实行大会第65/197号决议第43段中所列措施；", "三 残疾儿童权利", "31. 又重申所有残疾儿童都应可在与其他儿童平等基础上充分享受《儿童权利公约》¹ 和《残疾人权利公约》³ 所赋的一切人权和基本自由，这些文书的充分和有效执行是落实残疾儿童权利的重要步骤，包括尊重残疾儿童逐渐发展的能力并尊重其保持身份特性的权利；", "32. 强调指出必须开展国际合作以支持各国努力落实残疾儿童权利，确认各国必须采取适当而有效的措施以帮助和支持能力建设，包括为此交流和分享信息、经验、培训方案和最佳做法；", "33. 确认对任何儿童基于残疾状况的歧视侵犯了儿童的固有尊严和价值，表示严重关切残疾儿童在参与和融入社会和社区时面临侵害其人权的行为以及歧视性、心态上和环境上的障碍；", "34. 关切残疾儿童尤其是女孩在家庭内外往往面临更大风险，更有可能遭受身心暴力、伤害或虐待、忽视或疏忽对待和不良对待或剥削，包括性虐待；", "35. 重申消除贫穷对实现所有千年发展目标及对充分落实包括残疾儿童在内所有儿童的权利至关重要，又重申大会2010年9月22日第65/1号决议；", "36. 认识到大多数残疾儿童生活贫穷，而且平等获取尽可能靠近儿童所在社区的经济机会和社会服务是可持续发展相关战略的一个重要组成部分；", "37. 又认识到残疾儿童往往被剥夺了享有家庭环境及在社区中生活和融入社区的权利，并在这方面重申残疾儿童享有家庭和社区生活方面的平等权利，不得违背儿童意愿而使子女与父母分离，除非受制于司法审查的主管当局根据适用法律和程序确定这种分离确有必要，符合儿童本人的最高利益，在任何情况下都不得以儿童或父母一方或双方残疾为分离理由；", "38. 还认识到必须防止隐藏、遗弃、忽视或隔离残疾儿童，为此鼓励各国考虑作出承诺，以支持家庭和社区照料的适当措施取代机构安置，将资源转向社区支助服务和其他形式替代照料；", "39. 表示关切许多残疾儿童继续被剥夺接受教育的权利，为此重申残疾儿童有权在机会均等基础上切实获得教育，以利于他们尽可能充分地融入社会和尽可能充分的个人发展，包括文化和精神发展；", "40. 又确认早期教育对残疾儿童高度重要，为落实残疾儿童接受教育的权利而采取的措施应以残疾儿童不受歧视地最大程度融入社会为目的；", "41. 重申各国应采取有效和适当措施，确保在与他人平等基础上，残疾儿童能保留生育力，确保有残疾的男女青少年能获得适龄且是无障碍格式的信息和教育，包括关于生殖和计划生育的信息和教育；", "42. 认识到残疾儿童在武装冲突、人道主义紧急情况和发生自然灾害等危险局势中处境尤为脆弱，重申根据国际法，包括国际人道主义法和国际人权法，各国有义务采取一切必要措施确保处于此类局势中的残疾儿童的安全和保护，包括为此审查本国应急计划和支持设施，使之便于残疾儿童使用；", "43. 促请所有国家在为管辖范围内所有儿童落实儿童权利的政策和方案总体框架内列入相关规定以落实残疾儿童的这些权利，尤其是：", "(a) 敦促所有尚未加入《残疾人权利公约》及其《任择议定书》[33] 的国家优先考虑加入这些文书，并邀请《残疾人权利公约》所定义的具有相关权限的区域一体化组织考虑加入该公约；", "(b) 定期审查相关的国内法律、相关条例和政策，以确保残疾儿童的权利按照《儿童权利公约》和《残疾人权利公约》各项条款得到充分尊重、保护和落实；", "(c) 禁止基于残疾状况的歧视，保障残疾儿童得到平等和有效的法律保护，使残疾儿童不受任何理由的歧视；", "(d) 确保残疾儿童能够获取关于自身权利的信息，包括通过人权教育和培训，使他们能够帮助发现、防止侵害其权利的行为及对此类行为采取行动；", "(e) 采取适当措施，确保残疾儿童能够在与他人平等基础上享有无障碍出入的实际环境，使用交通工具，利用信息和通信技术和系统以及向城市和农村地区公众开放或提供的其他设施和服务；", "(f) 采取一切必要措施确保残疾儿童出生后立即予以登记，包括为此而消除有碍残疾儿童出生登记的障碍，并保障残疾儿童的姓名权、国籍权及尽可能保障他们知悉父母并得到父母照顾的权利；", "(g) 充分履行在大会题为“2015年之前及其后为残疾人实现千年发展目标”的2010年12月21日第65/186号决议中所作承诺，确保残疾儿童在数据收集和分析工作中得到反映；", "(h) 采取措施酌情收集和分类相关信息，包括统计和研究数据，以便发现和解决残疾儿童在行使权利时面临的障碍；", "(i) 制定、实行和(或)强化适当政策，以确保残疾儿童及其家庭有权享有适足生活标准，并且平等获得优质和负担得起的服务，特别是对儿童福祉至关重要的卫生、营养、教育、福利、社会保护、安全饮用水、环境卫生和其他服务，并在这方面特别关注最弱势残疾儿童和生活条件尤其困难者；", "(j) 确保残疾儿童能够得到与提供给其他儿童的一样的相同范围、优质和标准化、并且是免费或负担得起、对性别问题有敏感认识及适合年龄的保健和方案，包括在性保健和生殖保健领域，并采取措施，禁止以残疾为由强迫儿童流产和绝育；", "(k) 依照《残疾人权利公约》，确保残疾儿童能够在现有卫生基础设施框架内平等获得适当、及时、负担得起和高质量的康复服务，并加强提供社区康复服务；", "(l) 确保负责残疾儿童工作的社区和民间社会机构、服务和设施符合国家和地方的质量标准，尤其是在卫生和社会保护领域，并制定培训方案，以确保建立一支优质、合适、训练有素的工作队伍，把残疾儿童纳入工作范围；", "(m) 制定战略或在现有战略中纳入措施，以防止和消除一切形式暴力侵害残疾儿童行为，残疾儿童尤易遭受残忍、不人道、有辱人格的待遇、医学或科学实验及性暴力和人身暴力，包括欺凌和网络欺凌；发展和引入对儿童和性别问题有敏感认识、便于利用、安全和保密的举报和投诉机制；", "(n) 制定立法措施和其他适当措施，包括跨部门办法，以确保充分落实残疾儿童的受教育权利，包括为此而确保残疾儿童在机会均等、无障碍和具有包容性等基础上不受排斥地获得免费义务初等教育，以期发展残疾儿童的个性、才智和身心潜能，包括从幼儿期照料和成长到职业培训和准备就业等各个阶段；", "(o) 确保落实残疾儿童在与其他儿童平等基础上参加游戏、娱乐、文化、休闲和体育活动，包括在学前和学校系统参加这类活动；", "(p) 确保残疾儿童有权在与其他儿童平等基础上就一切影响自身的事项自由表达意见，使他们的意见按其年龄和成熟程度得到应有考虑，并使他们能获得适合其残疾状况和年龄的辅助手段以实现这项权利；", "(q) 采取一切适当措施确保残疾儿童在危险局势期间及其后，包括在武装冲突、人道主义紧急情况和自然灾害局势中，得到保护且处境安全，包括制定和实施方案以确保残疾儿童的身心康复和重新融入社会，包括因此类危险局势而致残的儿童，并确保在有助于儿童福祉、健康、自尊和人格尊严的环境中开展此类康复、重新融入社会和复原工作；", "(r) 采取一切必要措施，确保残疾人，包括残疾儿童，能够通过其代表组织得到密切协商并积极参与制定《残疾人权利公约》实施法和政策以及事关残疾人问题的其他决策进程；", "44. 促请所有会员国并邀请联合国系统加强国际合作，除其他外，通过酌情支持更加重视残疾儿童发展的国家举措，以及强化研究或诸如辅助残疾人技术的技术转让等领域的国际合作措施，确保落实儿童权利，包括残疾儿童的权利；", "45. 促请联合国系统相关实体、基金和方案，捐助机构，包括国际金融机构，以及双边捐助者，除其他外，应请求在财政上和技术上支持各项国家举措，包括残疾儿童发展方案，并强化有效的国际合作和伙伴关系，以期加强知识分享和能力建设，特别注重政策制定、方案制定、研究和专业培训；", "四 后续行动", "46. 肯定负责儿童与武装冲突问题的秘书长特别代表办公室所做的工作，确认其活动量的增加及特别代表任务确定以来所取得的进展，并考虑到大会第63/241号决议及1996年12月12日第51/77号决议第35至37段，建议秘书长将特别代表的任务期再延长三年；", "47. 决定：", "(a) 请秘书长向大会第六十七届会议提交一份关于儿童权利的综合报告，介绍《儿童权利公约》¹ 和本决议所提问题的现况，侧重于土著儿童，同时铭记相关国际准则与标准以及区域和国家特殊性；", "(b) 请负责儿童与武装冲突问题的秘书长特别代表继续向大会和人权理事会提交报告，说明其为完成任务而开展的活动，包括其进行实地访问的情况以及在儿童与武装冲突问题这一议程上所取得的进展和依然面临的挑战；", "(c) 请负责暴力侵害儿童问题秘书长特别代表继续向大会和人权理事会提交报告，说明其为完成任务而开展的活动，包括其进行实地访问的情况以及在暴力侵害儿童问题这一议程上所取得的进展和依然面临的挑战；", "(d) 请负责买卖儿童、儿童卖淫和儿童色情制品问题特别报告员继续向大会和人权理事会提交报告，说明其为完成任务而开展的活动，包括其进行实地访问的情况以及在买卖儿童、儿童卖淫和儿童色情制品问题这一议程上所取得的进展和依然面临的挑战；", "(e) 邀请儿童权利委员会主席在大会第六十七届会议题为“促进和保护儿童权利”的项目下提出关于委员会工作的口头报告，并与大会开展互动对话；", "(f) 在大会第六十七届会议题为“促进和保护儿童权利”的项目下继续审议这一问题，以土著儿童权利作为题为“儿童权利”的决议第三节的重点，同时铭记相关国际准则与标准以及区域和国家特殊性。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第1577卷，第27531号。", "[2] 同上，第2171和2173卷，第27531号。", "[3] 同上，第2515卷，第44910号。", "[4] 第61/177号决议，附件。", "[5] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第2220卷，第39481号。", "[6] A/CONF.157/24(Part I)和Corr.1，第三章。", "[7] 见第55/2号决议。", "[8] S-27/2号决议，附件。", "[9] 《社会发展问题世界首脑会议的报告，1995年3月6日至12日，哥本哈根》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.96.IV.8)，第一章，决议1，附件一和二。", "[10] 见联合国教育、科学及文化组织，《世界教育论坛的最后报告，2000年4月26日至28日，塞内加尔达喀尔》(2000年，巴黎)。", "[11] 见第2542(XXIV)号决议。", "[12] 《世界粮食会议的报告，1974年11月5日至16日，罗马》(联合国出版物，出售品编号：C.75.II.A.3)，第一章。", "[13] 第41/128号决议，附件。", "[14] 见第62/88号决议。", "[15] 见第65/1号决议。", "[16] A/66/258。", "[17] A/66/230。", "[18] A/66/227。", "[19] A/66/256。", "[20] 第64/293号决议。", "[21] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第2225卷，第39574号。", "[22] 同上，第2237卷，第39574号。", "[23] 同上，第2171卷，第27531号。", "[24] 同上，第2173卷，第27531号。", "[25] 第66/138号决议，附件。", "[26] 《大会正式记录，第六十三届会议，补编第41号》(A/63/41)，附件三。", "[27] 见A/61/299和A/62/209。", "[28] A/HRC/16/56。", "[29] 见《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第53号》(A/66/53)，第二章，A节。", "[30] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第75卷，第970-973号。", "[31] 同上，第2133卷，第37245号。", "[32] 同上，第1015卷，第14862号。", "[33] 同上，第2518卷，第44910号。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/458)]", "66/141. Rights of the child", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming all its previous resolutions on the rights of the child in their entirety, the most recent of which is resolution 65/197 of 21 December 2010,", "Emphasizing that the Convention on the Rights of the Child[1] constitutes the standard in the promotion and protection of the rights of the child, and, bearing in mind the importance of the Optional Protocols to the Convention,[2] calling for their universal ratification and effective implementation, as well as that of other human rights instruments,", "Recalling the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities,[3] the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance[4] and the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families,[5]", "Reaffirming that the general principles of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, including, inter alia, the best interests of the child, non‑discrimination, participation and survival and development, provide the framework for all actions concerning children, including adolescents,", "Reaffirming also the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action,[6] the United Nations Millennium Declaration[7] and the outcome document of the twenty‑seventh special session of the General Assembly on children, entitled “A world fit for children”,[8] and recalling the Copenhagen Declaration on Social Development and the Programme of Action,[9] the Dakar Framework for Action adopted at the World Education Forum,[10] the Declaration on Social Progress and Development,[11] the Universal Declaration on the Eradication of Hunger and Malnutrition,[12] the Declaration on the Right to Development[13] and the Declaration of the commemorative high‑level plenary meeting devoted to the follow‑up to the outcome of the special session on children, held in New York from 11 to 13 December 2007,[14] as well as the outcome document of the High‑level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals, held in New York from 20 to 22 September 2010,[15]", "Taking note with appreciation of the reports of the Secretary‑General on progress made towards achieving the commitments set out in the outcome document of the twenty‑seventh special session of the General Assembly[16] and on the status of the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the issues addressed in Assembly resolution 65/197,[17] as well as the report of the Special Representative of the Secretary‑General on Violence against Children[18] and the report of the Special Representative of the Secretary‑General for Children and Armed Conflict,[19] whose recommendations should be carefully studied, taking fully into account the views of Member States,", "Acknowledging the important role played by national governmental structures for children, including, where they exist, ministries and institutions in charge of child, family and youth issues and independent ombudspersons for children or other national institutions for the promotion and protection of the rights of the child,", "Recognizing that the family has the primary responsibility for the nurturing and protection of children and that children, for the full and harmonious development of their personality, should grow up in a family environment and in an atmosphere of happiness, love and understanding,", "Taking note with appreciation of the work to promote and protect the rights of the child carried out by all relevant organs, bodies, entities and organizations of the United Nations system, within their respective mandates, and relevant mandate holders and special procedures of the United Nations, as well as relevant regional organizations, where appropriate, and intergovernmental organizations, and recognizing the valuable role of civil society, including non‑governmental organizations,", "Profoundly concerned that the situation of children in many parts of the world has been negatively impacted by the world financial and economic crisis, and reaffirming that eradicating poverty continues to be the greatest global challenge facing the world today, recognizing its impact beyond the socioeconomic context,", "Profoundly concerned also that the situation of children in many parts of the world remains critical, in an increasingly globalized environment, as a result of the persistence of poverty, social inequality, inadequate social and economic conditions, pandemics, in particular HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis, lack of access to safe drinking water and sanitation, environmental damage, natural disasters, armed conflict, foreign occupation, displacement, violence, terrorism, abuse, trafficking in children and their organs, all forms of exploitation, commercial sexual exploitation of children, child prostitution, child pornography and child sex tourism, neglect, illiteracy, hunger, intolerance, discrimination, racism, xenophobia, gender inequality, disability and inadequate legal protection, and convinced that urgent and effective national and international action is called for,", "Gravely concerned about the devastating impact of some of the recent natural disasters, including on children, reaffirming the importance of providing speedy, sustainable and adequate humanitarian assistance in support of relief, early recovery, rehabilitation, reconstruction and development efforts of the affected countries, and reaffirming also the importance of ensuring that human rights, including child rights, are mainstreamed into these efforts,", "Stressing the need for the full and effective implementation of the United Nations Global Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons,[20] and expressing the view that it will, inter alia, contribute to the promotion and protection of the rights of children, enhance cooperation and better coordination of efforts in fighting trafficking in persons and promote increased ratification and full implementation of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime[21] and the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime,[22]", "I", "Implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Optional Protocols thereto", "1. Reaffirms paragraphs 1 to 6 of its resolution 65/197, and urges States that have not yet done so to become parties to the Convention on the Rights of the Child,¹ its Optional Protocol on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography[23] and its Optional Protocol on the involvement of children in armed conflict[24] as a matter of priority and to implement them fully;", "2. Welcomes the efforts of the Secretary‑General to promote the universal ratification of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography and the Optional Protocol on the involvement of children in armed conflict ahead of the tenth anniversary in 2012 of their entry into force, and calls for the effective implementation of the Convention and the above‑mentioned Optional Protocols to ensure that all children may fully enjoy all their human rights and fundamental freedoms;", "3. Calls upon States parties to withdraw reservations that are incompatible with the object and purpose of the Convention or the Optional Protocols thereto and to consider reviewing regularly other reservations with a view to withdrawing them in accordance with the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action;⁶", "4. Takes note with appreciation of the adoption on 17 June 2011 by the Human Rights Council of an optional protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child providing a communications procedure complementary to the reporting procedure under the Convention on the Rights of the Child;[25]", "5. Encourages States parties, in implementing the provisions of the Convention and the Optional Protocols thereto, to take note of the recommendations, observations and general comments of the Committee on the Rights of the Child, including, inter alia, general comment No. 9 (2006) on the rights of children with disabilities;[26]", "6. Welcomes actions of the Committee to monitor the implementation by States parties of the Convention, and notes with appreciation its actions to follow up on its concluding observations and recommendations, and in this regard underlines, in particular, the regional workshops and the participation of the Committee in national‑level initiatives;", "II", "Promotion and protection of the rights of the child and non‑discrimination against children", "Non‑discrimination", "7. Reaffirms paragraphs 9 to 11 of its resolution 63/241 of 24 December 2008, and calls upon States to ensure the enjoyment by all children of all their civil, political, cultural, economic and social rights without discrimination of any kind;", "Registration, family relations and adoption or other forms of alternative care", "8. Also reaffirms paragraphs 12 to 16 of its resolution 63/241, and urges all States parties to intensify their efforts to comply with their obligations under the Convention on the Rights of the Child¹ to protect children in matters relating to registration, family relations and adoption or other forms of alternative care, and, in cases of international parental or familial child abduction, encourages States to facilitate, inter alia, the return of the child to the country in which he or she resided immediately before the removal or retention;", "9. Recalls the Guidelines for the Alternative Care of Children, contained in the annex to its resolution 64/142 of 18 December 2009, as a set of orientations to help to inform policy and practice, and encourages States to take them into account;", "Economic and social well‑being of children, eradication of poverty, right to education, right to enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health and right to food", "10. Reaffirms paragraphs 17 to 26 of its resolution 63/241, paragraphs 42 to 52 of its resolution 61/146 of 19 December 2006, on the theme of children and poverty, and paragraphs 37 to 42 of its resolution 60/231 of 23 December 2005, on the theme of children living with or affected by HIV and AIDS, and calls upon all States and the international community to create an environment in which the well‑being of the child is ensured, including by strengthening international cooperation in this field and by implementing their previous commitments relating to poverty eradication, the right to education, and measures to promote human rights education, in accordance with the evolving capacities of the child, the right to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health, including efforts to address the situation of children living with or affected by HIV and AIDS and to eliminate mother‑to‑child transmission of HIV, the right to food for all and the right to an adequate standard of living, including housing and clothing;", "11. Recognizes the threat to the achievement of the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, posed by the global financial and economic crisis, which is connected to multiple, interrelated global crises and challenges, such as the food crisis and continuing food insecurity, volatile energy and commodity prices, environmental degradation and climate change, and calls upon States to address, in their response to these crises, the negative impact on the full enjoyment of the rights of children;", "Elimination of violence against children", "12. Reaffirms paragraphs 27 to 32 of its resolution 63/241 and paragraphs 47 to 62 of its resolution 62/141 of 18 December 2007, on the theme of elimination of violence against children, condemns all forms of violence against children, and urges all States to implement the measures set out in paragraph 27 of its resolution 63/241;", "13. Urges States to take, or strengthen, as appropriate, legislative and other measures to effectively prevent, prohibit and eliminate all forms of violence against children, in all settings;", "14. Encourages all States, requests United Nations entities and agencies, and invites regional organizations and civil society, including non‑governmental organizations, to cooperate with the Special Representative of the Secretary‑General on Violence against Children and to provide support, including financial support, to her for the effective and independent performance of her mandate, as set out in resolution 62/141, and in promoting the further implementation of the recommendations of the United Nations study on violence against children,[27] while promoting and ensuring country ownership and national plans and programmes in this regard, and calls upon States and institutions concerned, and invites the private sector, to provide voluntary contributions for that purpose;", "15. Notes with appreciation the consolidated partnerships promoted by the Special Representative of the Secretary‑General on Violence against Children, in coordination with national Governments, United Nations agencies, regional organizations, human rights bodies and mechanisms and representatives of civil society and with the participation of children;", "16. Takes note with appreciation of the joint report of the Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography and the Special Representative of the Secretary‑General on Violence against Children,[28] which provides an overview of accessible and child‑sensitive counselling, complaint and reporting mechanisms to address incidents of violence, including sexual violence and exploitation;", "Promoting and protecting the rights of children, including children in particularly difficult situations", "17. Reaffirms paragraphs 34 to 42 of its resolution 63/241, and calls upon all States to promote and protect all human rights of all children in particularly difficult situations and to implement programmes and measures that provide them with special protection and assistance, including access to health care, education and social services, as well as, where appropriate and feasible, voluntary repatriation, reintegration, family tracing and family reunification, in particular for children who are unaccompanied, and to ensure that the best interests of the child are a primary consideration;", "18. Recalls Human Rights Council resolution 16/12 of 24 March 2011 entitled “Rights of the child: a holistic approach to the protection and promotion of the rights of children working and/or living on the street”,[29] and calls for its full implementation;", "Children alleged to have infringed or recognized as having infringed penal law and children of persons alleged to have infringed or recognized as having infringed penal law", "19. Reaffirms paragraphs 43 to 47 of its resolution 63/241, and calls upon all States to respect and protect the rights of children alleged to have infringed or recognized as having infringed penal law, as well as children of persons alleged to have infringed or recognized as having infringed penal law;", "Prevention and eradication of the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography", "20. Also reaffirms paragraphs 48 to 50 of its resolution 63/241, and calls upon all States to prevent, criminalize, prosecute and punish all forms of the sale of children, including for the purposes of the transfer of organs of the child for profit, child slavery, commercial sexual exploitation of children, child prostitution and child pornography, with the aim of eradicating those practices and the use of the Internet and other information and communications technologies for these purposes, to combat the existence of a market that encourages such criminal practices and take measures to eliminate the demand that fosters them, as well as to address the needs of victims effectively and take effective measures against the criminalization of children who are victims of exploitation;", "21. Calls upon all States to develop and implement programmes and policies to protect children from abuse, sexual abuse, sexual exploitation, commercial sexual exploitation, child prostitution, child pornography, child sex tourism and child abduction, and calls upon States to implement strategies to locate and assist all children subject to these violations;", "22. Also calls upon all States to enact and enforce necessary legislative or other measures, in cooperation with relevant stakeholders, to prevent the distribution over the Internet and in all other media of child pornography, including depictions of child sexual abuse, ensuring that adequate mechanisms are in place to enable the reporting and removal of such material and that its creators, distributors and collectors are prosecuted as appropriate;", "Children affected by armed conflict", "23. Reaffirms paragraphs 51 to 63 of its resolution 63/241, condemns in the strongest terms all violations and abuses committed against children affected by armed conflict, and in this regard urges all States and other parties to armed conflict that are engaged, in contravention of applicable international law, including humanitarian law, in the recruitment and use of children, in patterns of killing and maiming of children and/or rape and other sexual violence against children, and in recurrent attacks on schools and/or hospitals, as well as in all other violations and abuses against children, to take time‑bound and effective measures to end them, and urges all States, United Nations agencies, funds and programmes, other relevant international and regional organizations and civil society to continue to give serious attention to, and to protect and assist child victims of, all violations and abuses committed against children in situations of armed conflict, in accordance with international humanitarian law, including the First to Fourth Geneva Conventions;[30]", "24. Also reaffirms the essential roles of the General Assembly, the Economic and Social Council and the Human Rights Council for the promotion and protection of the rights and welfare of children, including children affected by armed conflict, notes the increasing role played by the Security Council in ensuring protection for children affected by armed conflict, and also notes the activities undertaken by the Peacebuilding Commission, within its mandate, in areas that promote and contribute to the enjoyment of the rights and welfare of children;", "25. Notes with appreciation the steps taken regarding Security Council resolutions 1539 (2004) of 22 April 2004, 1612 (2005) of 26 July 2005, 1882 (2009) of 4 August 2009 and 1998 (2011) of 12 July 2011, and the efforts of the Secretary‑General to implement the monitoring and reporting mechanism on children and armed conflict in accordance with those resolutions, with the participation of and in cooperation with national Governments and relevant United Nations and civil society actors, including at the country level, requests the Secretary‑General to ensure that information collected and communicated by the monitoring and reporting mechanism is accurate, objective, reliable and verifiable, and in this regard encourages the work and the deployment, as appropriate, of United Nations child protection advisers in peacekeeping operations and political and peacebuilding missions;", "Child labour", "26. Reaffirms paragraphs 64 to 80 of its resolution 63/241, on the theme of child labour, and calls upon all States to translate into concrete action their commitment to the progressive and effective elimination of child labour that is likely to be hazardous or to interfere with the child’s education or to be harmful to the child’s health or physical, mental, spiritual, moral or social development, and to eliminate immediately the worst forms of child labour;", "27. Notes with interest the outcome of the Hague Global Child Labour Conference, including the Road Map for Achieving the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour by 2016;", "28. Calls upon all States to take into account the global report of the Director‑General of the International Labour Organization entitled “Accelerating action against child labour”;", "29. Urges all States that have not yet done so to consider ratifying both the Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182)[31] and the Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138),[32] of the International Labour Organization;", "Implementing child rights in early childhood", "30. Reaffirms paragraphs 28 to 45 of its resolution 65/197, reaffirming that early childhood is a critical phase for the realization of the rights enshrined in the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and urges all States to implement the measures set out in paragraph 43 of its resolution 65/197;", "III", "The rights of children with disabilities", "31. Also reaffirms that all children with disabilities should have full enjoyment of their human rights and fundamental freedoms on an equal basis with other children, as enshrined in the Convention on the Rights of the Child¹ and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities,³ and that the full and effective implementation of these instruments is an important step to the realization of the rights of children with disabilities, including respect for their evolving capacities and respect for their right to preserve their identity;", "32. Stresses the importance of international cooperation in supporting national efforts for the realization of the rights of children with disabilities, recognizing the importance of taking appropriate and effective measures among States that aim at facilitating and supporting capacity‑building, including through the exchange and sharing of information, experiences, training programmes and best practices;", "33. Recognizes that discrimination against any child on the basis of disability is a violation of the inherent dignity and worth of the child, and expresses grave concern that children with disabilities face violations of their human rights as well as discriminatory, attitudinal and environmental barriers to their participation and inclusion in society and in the community;", "34. Concerned that children with disabilities, particularly girls, are often at greater risk, both within and outside the home, of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment and maltreatment or exploitation, including sexual abuse;", "35. Reaffirms that the eradication of poverty is essential to the achievement of all Millennium Development Goals and to the full realization of the rights of all children, including those with disabilities, and also reaffirms resolution 65/1 of 22 September 2010;", "36. Recognizes that the majority of children with disabilities live in poverty and that equitable access to economic opportunities and social services, as close as possible to children’s own communities, is an important part of relevant strategies for sustainable development;", "37. Also recognizes that children with disabilities are often denied the right to a family environment and to live and be included in their communities, and in this regard reaffirms that they have equal rights with respect to family and community life and should not be separated from their parents against their will, except when competent authorities subject to judicial review determine, in accordance with applicable laws and procedures, that such separation is necessary for the best interests of the child, and that in no case should separation be on the basis of a disability of either the child or one or both of the parents;", "38. Further recognizes the importance of preventing the concealment, abandonment, neglect or segregation of children with disabilities, and in this regard encourages States to consider the introduction of a commitment towards replacing institutionalization with appropriate measures to support family and community care, and transferring resources to community‑based support services and other forms of alternative care;", "39. Expresses concern at the number of children with disabilities who continue to be denied the right to education, and in this regard reaffirms the right of children with disabilities to have effective access to education, on the basis of equal opportunity, in a manner conducive to their fullest possible social inclusion and individual development, including their cultural and spiritual development;", "40. Recognizes also that early education is of high importance for children with disabilities, and that the measures taken to implement the right to education for children with disabilities should aim at their maximum inclusion in society, free from discrimination;", "41. Reaffirms that States should take effective and appropriate measures to ensure, on an equal basis with others, that children with disabilities retain their fertility, and that adolescent boys and girls with disabilities have access to information and education, including on reproductive and family planning, that is age‑appropriate and in an accessible format;", "42. Recognizes that children with disabilities are particularly vulnerable in situations of risk, including situations of armed conflict, humanitarian emergencies and the occurrence of natural disasters, and reaffirms the obligations of States under international law, including international humanitarian law and international human rights law, to take all necessary measures to ensure their safety and protection in such situations, including by reviewing their emergency response programmes and support facilities to make them accessible for children with disabilities;", "43. Calls upon all States to include, within the overall context of policies and programmes for the realization of the rights of the child, for all children within their jurisdiction, the relevant provisions for the realization of these rights for children with disabilities, in particular:", "(a) Urges all States that have not yet done so to consider acceding to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the Optional Protocol thereto,[33] and to do so as a matter of priority, and invites regional integration organizations that have the relevant competence to do so, as defined in the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, to consider accession to the Convention;", "(b) To review on a regular basis relevant domestic laws, related regulations and policies in order to ensure that the rights of children with disabilities are fully respected, protected and fulfilled in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities;", "(c) To prohibit discrimination on the basis of disability and guarantee to children with disabilities equal and effective legal protection against discrimination on all grounds;", "(d) To ensure that children with disabilities have access to information on their rights, including through human rights education and training, enabling them to contribute to identifying, preventing and acting upon violations of their rights;", "(e) To take appropriate measures to ensure that children with disabilities have access, on an equal basis with others, to the physical environment, to transportation, to information and communications technologies and systems and to other facilities and services open or provided to the public both in urban and in rural areas;", "(f) To take all necessary measures to ensure the registration of children with disabilities immediately after birth, including by removing barriers that impede their registration, and to guarantee their right to a name, their right to a nationality and, as far as possible, their right to know and be cared for by their parents;", "(g) To implement fully the commitments undertaken in General Assembly resolution 65/186 of 21 December 2010 entitled “Realizing the Millennium Development Goals for persons with disabilities towards 2015 and beyond”, and to ensure that children with disabilities are rendered visible in the collection and analysis of data;", "(h) To take measures to collect and disaggregate relevant information, including statistical and research data, as appropriate, in order to identify and address the barriers faced by children with disabilities in exercising their rights;", "(i) To adopt, implement and/or strengthen appropriate policies aimed at ensuring the right to an adequate standard of living for children with disabilities and their families, along with equal access to quality and affordable services, especially health, nutrition, education, welfare, social protection, safe drinking water, sanitation and other services that are essential for the child’s well‑being, and, in this regard, to pay particular attention to the most vulnerable children with disabilities and to those living under especially difficult circumstances;", "(j) To ensure that children with disabilities have access to the same range, quality and standard of free or affordable, gender‑sensitive and age‑appropriate health care and programmes as provided to other children, including in the area of sexual and reproductive health, and to take measures to prohibit the forced abortion and sterilization of children on grounds of disability;", "(k) To ensure equal access for children with disabilities to appropriate, timely, affordable and high‑quality rehabilitation within the existing health infrastructure, and strengthen the provision of community‑based rehabilitation services consistent with the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities;", "(l) To ensure that community and civil society institutions, services and facilities responsible for children with disabilities comply with national and local quality standards, especially in the areas of health and social protection, and to develop training programmes to ensure a quality, suitable and well‑trained workforce for the inclusion of children with disabilities;", "(m) To develop strategies, or include in existing strategies measures for the prevention and elimination of all forms of violence against children with disabilities, who are particularly vulnerable to, inter alia, cruel, inhuman, degrading treatment, medical or scientific experimentation, and sexual and physical violence, including bullying and cyberbullying, and to develop and introduce child‑ and gender‑sensitive, accessible, safe and confidential reporting and complaints mechanisms;", "(n) To adopt legislative and other appropriate measures, including cross‑sectoral approaches, to ensure the full realization of the right to education for children with disabilities, including by ensuring that, on the basis of equal opportunity, accessibility and inclusiveness, they are not excluded from accessible, free and compulsory primary education directed to the development of their personality, talents and mental and physical abilities, from early childhood care and development to vocational training and preparation for work;", "(o) To ensure that children with disabilities have equal access with other children to participation in play, recreation, culture, leisure and sporting activities, including in the preschool and school system;", "(p) To ensure that children with disabilities have the right, on an equal basis with other children, to express their views freely on all matters affecting them, giving those views due weight in accordance with their age and maturity, and to be provided with disability‑ and age‑appropriate assistance to realize that right;", "(q) To take all appropriate measures to ensure the protection and safety of children with disabilities during and after situations of risk, including situations of armed conflict, humanitarian emergencies and natural disasters, including adopting and implementing programmes to ensure the physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration of children with disabilities, including children who acquire disability as a consequence of such situations of risk, and ensure that such recovery, reintegration and rehabilitation take place in an environment which fosters the well‑being, health, self‑respect and dignity of the child;", "(r) To take all necessary measures to ensure that persons with disabilities, including children with disabilities, through their representative organizations, are closely consulted and actively involved in the development of legislation and policies to implement the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, and in other decision‑making processes concerning issues relating to persons with disabilities;", "44. Calls upon all Member States, and invites the United Nations system, to strengthen international cooperation to ensure the realization of the rights of the child, including for children with disabilities, inter alia, by supporting national initiatives that give more emphasis to the development of children with disabilities, as appropriate, and by reinforcing international cooperation measures in fields of research or on the transfer of technology such as assistive technologies;", "45. Calls upon the relevant entities, funds and programmes of the United Nations system, donor institutions, including the international financial institutions, and bilateral donors to support, inter alia, national initiatives, when requested, including development programmes for children with disabilities, financially and technically, as well as to enhance effective international cooperation and partnership to strengthen knowledge‑sharing and capacity‑building, with particular attention to policy development, programme development, research and professional training;", "IV", "Follow‑up", "46. Recognizes the work of the office of the Special Representative of the Secretary‑General for Children and Armed Conflict, its increased level of activity and the progress achieved since the establishment of the mandate of the Special Representative, and, bearing in mind its resolution 63/241 and paragraphs 35 to 37 of resolution 51/77 of 12 December 1996, recommends that the Secretary‑General extend the mandate of the Special Representative for a further period of three years;", "47. Decides:", "(a) To request the Secretary‑General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty‑seventh session a comprehensive report on the rights of the child containing information on the status of the Convention on the Rights of the Child¹ and the issues addressed in the present resolution, with a focus on indigenous children, bearing in mind relevant international norms and standards and regional and national particularities;", "(b) To request the Special Representative of the Secretary‑General for Children and Armed Conflict to continue to submit reports to the General Assembly and the Human Rights Council on the activities undertaken in the fulfilment of her mandate, including information on her field visits and on the progress achieved and the challenges remaining on the children and armed conflict agenda;", "(c) To request the Special Representative of the Secretary‑General on Violence against Children to continue to submit annual reports to the General Assembly and the Human Rights Council on the activities undertaken in the fulfilment of her mandate, including information on her field visits and on the progress achieved and the challenges remaining on the violence against children agenda;", "(d) To request the Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography to continue to submit reports to the General Assembly and the Human Rights Council on the activities undertaken in the fulfilment of her mandate, including information on her field visits and on the progress achieved and the challenges remaining on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography agenda;", "(e) To invite the Chair of the Committee on the Rights of the Child to present an oral report on the work of the Committee and engage in an interactive dialogue with the General Assembly at its sixty‑seventh session under the item entitled “Promotion and protection of the rights of children”;", "(f) To continue its consideration of the question at its sixty‑seventh session under the item entitled “Promotion and protection of the rights of children”, focusing section III of the resolution entitled “Rights of the child” on indigenous children, bearing in mind relevant international norms and standards and regional and national particularities.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1577, No. 27531.", "[2]  Ibid., vols. 2171 and 2173, No. 27531.", "[3]  Ibid., vol. 2515, No. 44910.", "[4]  Resolution 61/177, annex.", "[5]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2220, No. 39481.", "[6]  A/CONF.157/24 (Part I), chap. III.", "[7]  See resolution 55/2.", "[8]  Resolution S‑27/2, annex.", "[9]  Report of the World Summit for Social Development, Copenhagen, 6–12 March 1995 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.96.IV.8), chap. I, resolution 1, annexes I and II.", "[10]  See United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Final Report of the World Education Forum, Dakar, Senegal, 26–28 April 2000 (Paris, 2000).", "[11]  See resolution 2542 (XXIV).", "[12]  Report of the World Food Conference, Rome, 5–16 November 1974 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.75.II.A.3), chap. I.", "[13]  Resolution 41/128, annex.", "[14]  See resolution 62/88.", "[15]  See resolution 65/1.", "[16]  A/66/258.", "[17]  A/66/230.", "[18]  A/66/227.", "[19]  A/66/256.", "[20]  Resolution 64/293.", "[21]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2225, No. 39574.", "[22]  Ibid., vol. 2237, No. 39574.", "[23]  Ibid., vol. 2171, No. 27531.", "[24]  Ibid., vol. 2173, No. 27531.", "[25]  Resolution 66/138, annex.", "[26]  Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty‑third Session, Supplement No. 41 (A/63/41), annex III.", "[27]  See A/61/299 and A/62/209.", "[28]  A/HRC/16/56.", "[29]  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty‑sixth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/66/53), chap. II, sect. A.", "[30]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 75, Nos. 970–973.", "[31]  Ibid., vol. 2133, No. 37245.", "[32]  Ibid., vol. 1015, No. 14862.", "[33]  Ibid., vol. 2518, No. 44910." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/458)]", "Rights of the child", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming all previous resolutions on the rights of the child, the most recent of which is resolution 63/297 of 21 December 2010,", "Underscoring that the Convention on the Rights of the Child constitutes a criterion for the promotion and protection of the rights of children, bearing in mind the importance of the Optional Protocol to the Convention [2], and calling for universal ratification and effective implementation of those instruments and other human rights instruments,", "Recalling the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the Convention [3] for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance [4] and the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families, [5]", "Reaffirming the general principles enshrined in the Convention on the Rights of the Child, including the best interests of the child, non-discrimination, participation and survival and development, and establishing a framework for all actions involving children, including adolescents,", "Reaffirming also the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, the United Nations Millennium Declaration [7] and the outcome document of the special session of the General Assembly on children entitled “A world fit for children”, [8] and recalling the Copenhagen Declaration and Programme of Action on Social Development, [9] the Dakar Framework for Action adopted by the World Education Forum, [10] Declaration on Social Progress and Development, [11] the Declaration on the Universal Declaration on the Elimination of Hunger and Malnutrition, the Declaration on the Right to Development, [13] the Declaration on the Follow-up to the Outcome of the Special Session on Children, held in New York from 11 to 13 December 2007, and the outcome document of the General Assembly,", "Taking note with appreciation of the progress report of the Secretary-General on the implementation of the commitments contained in the outcome document of the twenty-seventh special session of the General Assembly [16] and the reports of the Secretary-General on the status of the Convention on the Rights of the Child and on the status of the General Assembly resolution 63/297, and the report of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children [18] and the report of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict, [19] their recommendations should be carefully studied, taking fully into account the views of Member States,", "Recognizing the important role played by national governmental structures responsible for children, including existing ministries and institutions responsible for children, families and youth issues, as well as independent monitors of children or other national institutions responsible for the promotion and protection of the rights of children,", "Recognizing that the family has the primary responsibility for raising and protecting children and that in order to achieve a comprehensive and harmonious development of the child, it is essential that they grow in an atmosphere of happiness, care and understanding in the family environment,", "Noting with appreciation the work of all relevant organs, bodies, entities and organizations of the United Nations system, within their respective mandates, as well as relevant United Nations mandate holders and special procedures, appropriate regional organizations and intergovernmental organizations, for the promotion and protection of the rights of children, and recognizing the valuable role of civil society, including non-governmental organizations,", "Deeply concerned that the situation of children in many parts of the world is negatively affected by the world financial crisis and the economic crisis, and reaffirming that the eradication of poverty continues to be the greatest global challenge facing the world today, and recognizing that its impact goes beyond the social and economic reach,", "Deeply concerned also that, in an increasingly globalized environment, pandemics, in particular HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis, lack of access to safe drinking water and sanitation, environmental damage, natural disasters, armed conflict, displacement, violence, terrorism, abuse, trafficking in children and their organs, all forms of exploitation, commercial sexual exploitation of children, child pornography and child pornography, neglect, illiteracy, hunger, intolerance, discrimination, racism, xenophobia, gender inequality, disability and lack of legal protection, the situation of children in many parts of the world, and the need for urgent national and international action,", "Gravely concerned at the devastating effects of some recent natural disasters, including on children, and reaffirming the need for rapid and adequate humanitarian assistance to support relief, early recovery, rehabilitation, reconstruction and development efforts in affected countries, and reaffirming also the need to ensure mainstreaming human rights, including the rights of the child, into those efforts,", "Underscoring the need for full and effective implementation of the United Nations Global Plan of Action against Trafficking in Persons, [20] Considers that it will contribute, inter alia, to the promotion and protection of the rights of children, enhance cooperation and improve coordination in the fight against trafficking in persons and promote the ratification and full implementation of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime [21] and the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime,", "Implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child and its Optional Protocol", "Reaffirms paragraphs 1 to 6 of General Assembly resolution 63/297, and urges States that have not yet done so to become parties to the Convention on the Rights of the Child1 and its Optional Protocol to the Convention on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography [23] and the Optional Protocol to the Optional Protocol to the Optional Protocol to the Optional Protocol to the Optional Protocol to the Optional Protocol to the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child,1 and to accede to these instruments and fully;", "Welcomes the efforts of the Secretary-General to promote universal ratification of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography and the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict, before the tenth anniversary of the entry into force of 2012, and calls for the effective implementation of the Convention and the above-mentioned Optional Protocol in order to ensure the full enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms of all children;", "Calls upon States parties to withdraw reservations that are incompatible with the object and purpose of the Convention or its Optional Protocols in accordance with the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action6 and to consider reviewing other reservations with a view to withdrawing them periodically;", "Takes note with appreciation of the adoption by the Human Rights Council on 17 June 2011 of a Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child to provide a communications procedure for supplementing the reporting process of the Convention on the Rights of the Child; [25]", "Encourages the State party, in implementing the provisions of the Convention and its Optional Protocols, to take note of the recommendations, observations and general comments of the Committee on the Rights of the Child, including, inter alia, general comment No. 9 (2006) on the rights of children with disabilities; [26]", "Welcomes the action taken by the Committee to monitor the implementation of the Convention by States parties, and notes with appreciation its actions to follow up on the implementation of its concluding observations and recommendations, and, in this regard, stresses with particular emphasis on regional workshops and the participation of the Committee in country-level initiatives;", "Promotion and protection of the rights of children and non-discrimination against children", "Non-discrimination", "Reaffirms paragraphs 9 to 11 of General Assembly resolution 63/241 of 24 December 2008, and urges all children to enjoy all citizens, political, cultural, economic and social rights without discrimination;", "Birth registration, family relations and adoption or other forms of alternative care", "Also reaffirms paragraphs 12 to 16 of General Assembly resolution 63/241, and urges all States parties to intensify their efforts to implement their obligations under the Convention on the Rights of the Child1 to protect children in matters relating to birth registration, family relations and adoption or other forms of alternative care, and to encourage States, inter alia, to facilitate the return of children to their countries in which they reside before being seized or retained;", "Recalls the Guidelines on Alternative Child Care, as contained in the annex to General Assembly resolution 64/1 of 18 December 2009, in which it is considered useful to guide policies and practices and encourage States to consider them;", "The economic and social well-being of children, poverty eradication, the right to education, the right to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health and the right to food", "Reaffirms paragraphs 17 to 26 of General Assembly resolution 63/241, paragraphs 42 to 52 of its resolution 61/146 of 19 December 2006 on children and poverty, and paragraphs 37 to 42 of its resolution 60/231 of 23 December 2005 on children infected or affected by HIV and AIDS, and urges States and the international community to create an environment that guarantees the well-being of children, including by strengthening international cooperation in this field, and by fulfilling previous commitments in respect of poverty eradication, the realization of the right to education and measures to promote human rights education in accordance with the development of the child's capacity, and to implement the right to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of housing and the right to food, including the right of all;", "Recognizes that the global financial and economic crisis constitutes a threat to the achievement of the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, which are linked to multiple and interrelated global crises and challenges, such as the food crisis and sustained food insecurity, energy and commodity price fluctuations, environmental degradation and climate change, and urges States to address the negative impact on the full enjoyment of the rights of children in addressing these crises;", "Elimination of violence against children", "Reaffirms its condemnation of all forms of violence against children in paragraphs 27 to 32 of its resolution 63/241 and paragraphs 47 to 62 of its resolution 62/141 of 18 December 2007, and urges all States to implement the measures set out in paragraph 27 of General Assembly resolution 63/241;", "Urges States to adopt or strengthen, as appropriate, legislative and other measures to effectively prevent, prohibit and eliminate all forms of violence against children in all settings;", "Encourages all States and agencies, as well as regional organizations and civil society, including non-governmental organizations, to cooperate and support with the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Violence against Children, including financial support, in order to enable her to effectively and independently implement the mandates set out in General Assembly resolution 62/141 and to promote the further implementation of the recommendations of the United Nations Study on Violence against Children, [27] to promote and ensure national ownership and national plans and programmes in that regard, and urges interested States and agencies to invite the private sector to make voluntary contributions for this purpose;", "Notes with appreciation that the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children, in coordination with Governments, United Nations agencies, regional organizations, human rights bodies and mechanisms and civil society representatives, promotes strong partnerships with the participation of children;", "Notes with appreciation the joint report of the Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography and the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children, [28] which outlines information, complaints and reporting mechanisms that facilitate the use and sensitivity of children to address violence, including sexual violence and sexual exploitation;", "Promotion and protection of the rights of children, including those in special hardship", "Reaffirms paragraphs 34 to 42 of General Assembly resolution 63/241, and urges States to promote and protect all human rights of children in special hardship and to implement programmes and measures that provide them with special protection and assistance, including the provision of health, education and social services, and to promote voluntary repatriation, reintegration, family tracing and family reunification, where appropriate, with a particular focus on unaccompanied children, and to ensure that the best interests of children are a primary consideration;", "Recalls Human Rights Council resolution 16/12 of 24 March 2011, entitled “The rights of the child: the right to live and/or to street children”, and calls for the full implementation of the resolution;", "Children who have been alleged or recognized as having infringed the criminal law, as well as children who have been alleged or recognized as having infringed the criminal law", "Reaffirms paragraphs 43 to 47 of General Assembly resolution 63/241, and urges States to respect and protect the rights of children who have been alleged or recognized as having infringed the criminal law, as well as children who have been alleged or recognized as having infringed the criminal law;", "Prevention and eradication of the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography", "Also reaffirms paragraphs 48 to 50 of General Assembly resolution 63/241, and urges States to prevent, criminalize, prosecute and punish all forms of sale of children, including through the sale of child organs for profit, enslavement, commercial sexual exploitation of children, child prostitution and the production of child pornography products, as well as the use of the Internet and other information and communications technologies for such activities, with a view to eradicating these practices and using the Internet and other information and communications technologies for the use of information and communications technology; to combat the market conducive to such criminal acts, to take measures to address the needs of victims; and to take effective measures to avoid the exploitation of children belonging to victims;", "Urges States to develop and implement programmes and policies to protect children from activities such as abuse, sexual abuse, sexual exploitation, commercial sexual exploitation, child prostitution, child pornography and child pornography, and the abduction of children, and urges States to implement strategies to identify and assist all children exposed to such violations;", "Also urges States, in cooperation with relevant stakeholders, to enact and vigorously implement the necessary legislative or other measures to prevent the dissemination of child pornography through the Internet and in all other media, including the depiction of child sexual abuse, and to ensure that appropriate mechanisms are put in place to report and delete such materials and to ensure, where appropriate, the prosecution of their producers, disseminaters and collectors;", "Children affected by armed conflict", "Reaffirms paragraphs 51 to 63 of General Assembly resolution 63/241, condemning in the strongest terms all violations and abuses committed against children affected by armed conflict, and, in this regard, urges all States parties and other parties to armed conflict that violate applicable international law, including humanitarian law, to engage in the recruitment or use of children, frequent attacks on schools and/or hospitals and that result in the death or disability of children and/or rape and other sexual violence against children, as well as all other violations and abuses committed against children, and urges States, funds and programmes, other relevant international organizations and civil society to continue to contribute to the protection and implementation of children in Geneva, in accordance with the Convention;", "Also reaffirms the crucial role of the General Assembly, the Economic and Social Council and the Human Rights Council in the promotion and protection of the rights and welfare of children, including children affected by armed conflict, notes the growing role of the Security Council in ensuring the protection of children affected by armed conflict, and notes the activities undertaken by the Peacebuilding Commission in promoting and promoting the rights and welfare of children within its mandate;", "Notes with appreciation the steps taken by the Security Council in its resolutions 1539 (2004) of 22 April 2004, 1612 (2005) of 26 July 2005, 1882 (2009) of 4 August 2009 and 1998 (2011) of 12 July 2011, as well as the efforts of the Secretary-General to implement the monitoring and reporting mechanisms for children and armed conflict in accordance with the above resolution, in which the participation and cooperation of Governments and relevant United Nations actors and civil society actors, including at the national level, and requests the Secretary-General to ensure that information collected and disseminated by the monitoring and reporting mechanism is accurate, objective, reliable and verifiable; and in this regard encourages the United Nations Child Protection Adviser to carry out his work in peacekeeping operations and in the deployment, as appropriate;", "Child labour", "Reaffirms paragraphs 64 to 80 of General Assembly resolution 63/241 on child labour, and urges States to translate into concrete actions aimed at the progressive elimination of child labour, which may endanger or affect the health or physical, mental, moral or social development of children, and to immediately eliminate the worst forms of child labour;", "Notes with interest the outcomes of the Hague Conference on Global Child Labour, including the road map to eliminate the worst forms of child labour by 2016;", "Urges all States to take into account the global report of the Director-General of the International Labour Organization entitled “Accelerated action against child labour”;", "Urges all States that have not yet ratified the 1999 Convention on the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour (No. 182) [31] and the Minimum Age Convention of 1973 (No. 138) [32] to consider ratifying those Conventions;", "Implementation of the rights of children in the early childhood period", "Reaffirms paragraphs 28 to 45 of General Assembly resolution 63/297, and reiterates that the early childhood period is a critical period for the implementation of the rights entrusted to it by the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and urges all States to implement the measures set out in paragraph 43 of General Assembly resolution 63/297;", "Rights of children with disabilities", "Also reaffirms that all children with disabilities should fully enjoy, on an equal basis with other children, all the human rights and fundamental freedoms enshrined in the Convention on the Rights of the Child1 and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities3 and that their full and effective implementation is an important step towards the realization of the rights of children with disabilities, including the right to respect the progressive development of children with disabilities and to respect their right to identity;", "Stresses the importance of international cooperation in support of States' efforts to implement the rights of children with disabilities, and recognizes that States must take appropriate and effective measures to help and support capacity-building, including through the exchange and sharing of information, experience, training programmes and best practices for this purpose;", "Recognizes that discrimination against any child on the basis of disability violates the inherent dignity and worth of the child, expresses grave concern at the discriminatory, emotional and environmental barriers faced by children with disabilities in their participation and integration and in the community;", "Expresses concern that children with disabilities, in particular girls, are often at greater risk within and outside the family, and are more likely to be subjected to physical and mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or neglect, treatment or exploitation, including sexual abuse;", "Reaffirms that the eradication of poverty is essential for the achievement of all the Millennium Development Goals and for the full implementation of the rights of all children, including children with disabilities, and reiterates General Assembly resolution 63/2 of 22 September 2010;", "Recognizes that the majority of children with disabilities live in poverty and that equal access to economic opportunities and social services as close as possible to their communities is an important component of sustainable development strategies;", "Also recognizes that children with disabilities are often deprived of the right to a family environment and to live in and integrate into the community, and in this regard reiterates the equal rights of children with disabilities to live in their families and communities and that children shall not be separated from their parents without prejudice to the will of the child, unless the competent authority subject to a judicial review determines that such separation is necessary in accordance with applicable law and procedures, in accordance with the best interests of the child themselves, without prejudice to the disability of either child or of the parents or the parties;", "Further recognizes the importance of preventing hidden, abandoned, neglected or separated children with disabilities, and, in this regard, encourages States to consider commitments to support appropriate measures for family and community care to replace institutional placement and transform resources into community support services and other forms of alternative care;", "Expresses concern that many children with disabilities continue to be deprived of their right to education, and, in this regard, reiterates the right of children with disabilities to access education effectively on the basis of equality of opportunity in order to facilitate their fullest possible integration and the fullest possible individual development, including cultural and spiritual development;", "Also recognizes that early education is of great importance to children with disabilities and that measures taken to implement the right to education for children with disabilities should be aimed at maximizing the integration of children with disabilities without discrimination;", "Reaffirms that States should take effective and appropriate measures to ensure that, on an equal basis with others, children with disabilities are able to retain their fertility and that adolescents with disabilities have access to information and education, including information and education on reproductive and family planning;", "Recognizes that children with disabilities are particularly vulnerable in dangerous situations such as armed conflict, humanitarian emergencies and natural disasters, and reiterates the obligation of States, in accordance with international law, including international humanitarian law and international human rights law, to take all necessary measures to ensure the safety and protection of children with disabilities in such situations, including by reviewing national contingency plans and support facilities to facilitate the use of children with disabilities;", "Urges all States to include, within the overall framework of policies and programmes for the implementation of children's rights for all children under their jurisdiction, the relevant provisions in order to implement these rights, in particular:", "(a) Urge all States not yet parties to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and its Optional Protocol [33] to give priority to these instruments and invites regional integration organizations that have the relevant competence as defined in the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities to consider acceding to the Convention;", "(b) Periodic review of relevant domestic laws, regulations and policies to ensure that the rights of children with disabilities are fully respected, protected and implemented in accordance with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities;", "(c) Prohibition of discrimination on the basis of disability status and guarantees equal and effective legal protection for children with disabilities and free of discrimination on any grounds for children with disabilities;", "(d) Ensure that children with disabilities have access to information on their rights, including through human rights education and training, so that they can help identify, prevent violations of their rights and act on such acts;", "(e) Take appropriate measures to ensure that children with disabilities are able to enjoy access to the real environment on an equal basis with others, to use transport tools, to use information and communications technology and systems, and to open or provide other facilities and services to the public in urban and rural areas;", "(f) Take all necessary measures to ensure that children with disabilities are registered immediately after their birth, including by eliminating obstacles that prevent the birth registration of children with disabilities and guaranteeing the right to name, nationality and, to the extent possible, the right to be informed of their parents and cared for by their parents;", "(g) To fully implement the commitments made in General Assembly resolution 63/286 of 21 December 2010, entitled “Towards the Millennium Development Goals for persons with disabilities by 2015 and beyond”, and to ensure that children with disabilities are reflected in data collection and analysis efforts;", "(h) Measures to collect and disaggregate relevant information, including statistical and research data, as appropriate, in order to identify and address obstacles faced by children with disabilities in the exercise of their rights;", "(i) Develop, implement and/or strengthen appropriate policies to ensure that children with disabilities and their families have the right to adequate living standards and equal access to quality and affordable services, in particular health, nutrition, education, welfare, social protection, safe drinking water, sanitation and other services essential to the well-being of children, with particular attention to the most vulnerable persons with disabilities and living conditions;", "(j) Ensure that children with disabilities receive the same scope, quality and standardization as other children, and are free or affordable, gender-sensitive and age-appropriate health and programmes, including in the area of sexual and reproductive health, and take measures to prohibit forced child abortion and sterilization on the basis of disability;", "(k) Ensure, in accordance with the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, that children with disabilities have equal access to appropriate, timely, affordable and high-quality rehabilitation services within the framework of existing sanitation infrastructure, and that community rehabilitation services be strengthened;", "(l) Ensure that community and civil society institutions, services and facilities responsible for the work of children with disabilities meet national and local quality standards, in particular in the area of health and social protection, and develop training programmes to ensure the establishment of a quality, appropriate and well-trained workforce to integrate children with disabilities into the scope of work;", "(m) Develop strategies or incorporate measures in existing strategies to prevent and eliminate all forms of violence against children with disabilities, in particular the vulnerability of children with disabilities to cruel, inhuman, degrading treatment, medical or scientific experiments and sexual and physical violence, including abuse and cybercrime; and develop and introduce gender-sensitive, accessible, safe and confidential reporting and complaints mechanisms for children and women;", "(n) Develop legislative measures and other appropriate measures, including cross-sectoral approaches, to ensure full implementation of the right to education of children with disabilities, including by ensuring that children with disabilities receive free and compulsory primary education on an equal basis, accessibility and inclusive basis, with a view to developing the individual, talent and physical and mental potential of children with disabilities, including from early childhood care and growth to vocational training and preparation for employment;", "(o) Ensure that children with disabilities participate in play, recreational, cultural, recreational and sports activities on an equal basis with other children, including in preschool and school systems;", "(p) Ensure that children with disabilities have the right to freely express their views on all matters affecting them on the basis of equality with other children and that their views are taken into account in terms of their age and maturity, and that they have access to complementary instruments adapted to their disability status and age to achieve this right;", "(q) Take all appropriate measures to ensure the protection and security of children with disabilities during and after hazardous situations, including in situations of armed conflict, humanitarian emergencies and natural disasters, including the development and implementation of programmes to ensure the physical and psychological recovery and reintegration of children with disabilities, including those maimed by such dangerous situations, and to ensure that such rehabilitation, reintegration and rehabilitation efforts are carried out in an environment conducive to the well-being, health, self-esteem and human dignity of children;", "(r) Take all necessary measures to ensure that persons with disabilities, including children with disabilities, are consulted closely through their representative organizations and are actively involved in the development of implementation laws and policies of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, as well as other decision-making processes on persons with disabilities;", "Urges all Member States and invites the United Nations system to strengthen international cooperation, inter alia, by supporting national initiatives for the development of children with disabilities, as appropriate, and by strengthening international cooperation measures in such areas as research or technology transfer for persons with disabilities, to ensure the implementation of the rights of the child, including children with disabilities;", "Urges relevant entities, funds and programmes of the United Nations system, donor agencies, including international financial institutions, and bilateral donors, to, inter alia, support national initiatives, including the development programmes for children with disabilities, and to strengthen effective international cooperation and partnerships, with a view to enhancing knowledge-sharing and capacity-building, with special emphasis on policy formulation, programming, research and professional training;", "Follow-up", "Acknowledges the work carried out by the Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict, recognizes the increase in its activities and the progress made since the mandate of the Special Representative, taking into account General Assembly resolution 63/241 and paragraphs 35 to 37 of resolution 51/177 of 12 December 1996, and recommends that the Secretary-General extend the mandate of the Special Representative for a further period of three years;", "Decides:", "(a) Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session a comprehensive report on the status of issues raised by the Convention on the Rights of the Child1 and the present resolution, focusing on indigenous children, bearing in mind relevant international norms and standards and regional and national specificities;", "(b) Requests the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict to continue to submit a report to the General Assembly and the Human Rights Council on its activities aimed at the fulfilment of its mandate, including its field visits and the progress made and remaining challenges on the agenda of children and armed conflict;", "(c) Requests the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children to continue to submit to the General Assembly and the Human Rights Council a report on its activities aimed at the fulfilment of its mandate, including its field visits and the progress made and remaining challenges on the agenda for violence against children;", "(d) Requests the Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography to continue to submit to the General Assembly and the Human Rights Council a report on its activities aimed at the fulfilment of its mandate, including its field visits and the progress made and remaining challenges on the agenda of the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography;", "(e) To invite the Chairperson of the Committee on the Rights of the Child to present an oral report on the work of the Committee under the item entitled “Promotion and protection of the rights of children” at the sixty-seventh session of the General Assembly and to engage in an interactive dialogue with the Assembly;", "(f) To continue to consider this issue under the item entitled “Promoting and protecting the rights of children” at the sixty-seventh session of the General Assembly, with the focus of indigenous children as section III of the resolution entitled “The rights of the child”, bearing in mind relevant international norms and standards and regional and national specificities.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1577, No. 27531.", "[2] Ibid., vol. 2171 and 2173, No. 27531.", "[3] Ibid., vol. 2515, No. 44910.", "[4] Resolution 61/177, annex.", "[5] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2220, No. 39481.", "[6] A/CONF.157/24 (Part I) and Corr.1, chap.", "[7] See resolution 55/2.", "[8] S-27/2, annex.", "[9] Report of the World Summit for Social Development, Copenhagen, 6-12 March 1995 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.96.IV.8), chap. I, resolution 1, annexes I and II.", "[10] See United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Final Report of the World Education Forum, Dakar, Senegal, 26-28 April 2000 (Paris, 2000).", "[11] See resolution 2542 (XXIV).", "[12] Report of the World Food Conference, Rome, 5-16 November 1974 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.75.II.A.3), chap.", "[13] Resolution 41/128, annex.", "[14] See resolution 62/18.", "[15] See resolution 63/2.", "[16] A/66/258.", "[17] A/statement 30.", "[18] A/statement 27.", "[19] A/66/256.", "[20] Resolution 64293.", "[21] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2225, No. 39574.", "Ibid., vol. 2237, No. 39574.", "[23] Ibid., vol. 2171, No. 27531.", "[24] Ibid., vol. 2173, No. 27531.", "[25] resolution 62/238, annex.", "[26] Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-third Session, Supplement No. 41 (A/63/41), annex III.", "See A/61/299 and A/62/209.", "[28] A/HRC/16/56.", "[29] See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/64/53), chap. II, sect.", "[30] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 75, No. 970-973.", "[31] Ibid., vol. 2133, No. 37245.", "[32] Ibid., vol. 1015, No. 14862.", "[33] Ibid., vol. 2518, No. 44910." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/459)通过]", "66/142. 土著人民权利", "大会，", "回顾大会、人权理事会和经济及社会理事会关于土著人民权利的各项相关决议，", "重申大会2010年12月21日第65/198号决议，其中大会决定于2014年组织召开一次大会高级别全体会议，称为世界土著人民大会，", "回顾其关于第二个世界土著人民国际十年(2005-2014)的2004年12月20日第59/174号决议，", "又回顾2007年《联合国土著人民权利宣言》，[1] 其中论及土著人民的个人和集体权利，", "还回顾《联合国千年宣言》、[2] 《2005年世界首脑会议成果》[3] 和大会关于千年发展目标的高级别全体会议成果文件，[4]", "回顾人权理事会关于人权与土著人民的2011年9月29日第18/8号决议，[5]", "又回顾2010年4月20日至22日由多民族玻利维亚国作为东道国在科恰班巴主办的第一届气候变化和地球母亲权利世界人民会议，[6]", "着重指出，必须促进并努力实现《联合国土著人民权利宣言》各项目标，为此也需开展国际合作，支持各国和各区域努力实现《宣言》各项目标，包括落实土著人民保持和加强其独特政治、法律、经济、社会和文化机构的权利以及选择充分参与国家政治、经济、社会和文化生活的权利，", "确认土著人民的文化和社会组织形式以及土著人民对其土地、自然资源和环境所具有的整体传统科学知识的价值和多样性，", "关切土著人民在众多社会和经济指标方面通常面临极端不利状况并且在充分享受权利方面遇到各种障碍，", "回顾大会第65/198号决议，其中大会决定扩大联合国援助土著居民自愿基金的任务范围，以便该基金能够在鼓励多种多样和重新参与的基础上，根据相关规则和条例，包括经济及社会理事会1996年7月25日第1996/31号决议，协助土著人民组织和社区的代表参加人权理事会和人权条约机构的会议，并敦促各国向该基金捐款，", "1. 欢迎土著人民权利专家机制和土著人民权利特别报告员所做的工作，注意到特别报告员关于土著人民权利的报告，[7] 并鼓励各国政府积极回应他提出的访问要求；", "2. 敦促各国政府、政府间组织和非政府组织继续向联合国援助土著居民自愿基金和第二个世界土著人民国际十年信托基金捐款，并邀请土著组织和私营机构及个人也这样做；", "3. 鼓励尚未批准或加入国际劳工组织《1989年土著和部落人民公约》(169号)[8]的国家考虑批准或加入该公约，并考虑支持《联合国土著人民权利宣言》，¹此外欢迎各国加大对《宣言》的支持力度；", "4. 鼓励各国与土著人民协商及合作，采取适当措施，包括采取立法措施，努力实现《宣言》各项目标；", "5. 鼓励有关各方特别是土著人民在不同层次传播和审议良好做法，以切实指导如何实现《宣言》各项目标；", "6. 请秘书长与联合国土著问题常设论坛协调，在现有资源范围内于论坛第十一届会议期间举办一次高级别活动，纪念《联合国土著人民权利宣言》通过五周年，以提高对实现《宣言》目标重要性的认识；", "7. 强调高级别活动的成果可成为2014年称为世界土著人民大会的大会高级别全体会议筹备工作的一项投入；", "8. 邀请各国政府、土著人民和包括媒体在内的其他利益攸关方以及联合国系统各相关组织和机构在区域和国家两级开展各种活动，着重纪念《宣言》通过五周年；", "9. 决定在大会第六十七届会议题为“土著人民权利”的项目下继续审议这个问题。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] 第61/295号决议，附件。", "[2] 见第55/2号决议。", "[3] 见第60/1号决议。", "[4] 见第65/1号决议。", "[5] 见《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第53A号》(A/66/53/Add.1)，第二章。", "[6] 见A/64/777,附件一和二。", "[7] 见A/66/288。", "[8] 联合国, 《条约汇编》, 第1650卷, 第28383号。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/459)]", "66/142. Rights of indigenous peoples", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling all relevant resolutions of the General Assembly, the Human Rights Council and the Economic and Social Council relating to the rights of indigenous peoples,", "Reaffirming its resolution 65/198 of 21 December 2010, in which it decided to organize a high‑level plenary meeting of the General Assembly, to be known as the World Conference on Indigenous Peoples, to be held in 2014,", "Recalling its resolution 59/174 of 20 December 2004 on the Second International Decade of the World’s Indigenous People (2005–2014),", "Recalling also the 2007 United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples,[1] which addresses their individual and collective rights,", "Recalling further the United Nations Millennium Declaration,[2] the 2005 World Summit Outcome[3] and the outcome document of the High‑level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals,[4]", "Recalling Human Rights Council resolution 18/8 of 29 September 2011 on human rights and indigenous peoples,[5]", "Recalling also the first Peoples’ World Conference on Climate Change and the Rights of Mother Earth,[6] hosted by the Plurinational State of Bolivia in Cochabamba from 20 to 22 April 2010,", "Stressing the importance of promoting and pursuing the objectives of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples also through international cooperation to support national and regional efforts to achieve the ends of the Declaration, including the right to maintain and strengthen the distinct political, legal, economic, social and cultural institutions of indigenous peoples and the right to participate fully, if they so choose, in the political, economic, social and cultural life of the State,", "Recognizing the value and the diversity of the cultures and the form of the social organization of indigenous peoples and their holistic traditional scientific knowledge of their lands, natural resources and environment,", "Concerned about the extreme disadvantages that indigenous peoples have typically faced across a range of social and economic indicators and about the impediments to their full enjoyment of their rights,", "Recalling its resolution 65/198, by which it decided to expand the mandate of the United Nations Voluntary Fund for Indigenous Populations so that it could assist representatives of indigenous peoples’ organizations and communities to participate in sessions of the Human Rights Council and of human rights treaty bodies, on the basis of diverse and renewed participation and in accordance with relevant rules and regulations, including Economic and Social Council resolution 1996/31 of 25 July 1996, and urged States to contribute to the Fund,", "1. Welcomes the work of the Expert Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and of the Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples, takes note of his report on the rights of indigenous peoples,[7] and encourages all Governments to respond favourably to his requests for visits;", "2. Urges Governments and intergovernmental and non‑governmental organizations to continue to contribute to the United Nations Voluntary Fund for Indigenous Populations and the Trust Fund for the Second International Decade of the World’s Indigenous People, and invites indigenous organizations and private institutions and individuals to do likewise;", "3. Encourages those States that have not yet ratified or acceded to the International Labour Organization Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169)[8] to consider doing so and to consider supporting the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples,¹ and welcomes the increased support by States for the Declaration;", "4. Encourages States, in consultation and cooperation with indigenous peoples, to take the appropriate measures, including legislative measures, to achieve the ends of the Declaration;", "5. Encourages all interested parties, in particular indigenous peoples, to disseminate and consider good practices at different levels as a practical guide on how to attain the goals of the Declaration;", "6. Requests the Secretary‑General, in coordination with the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, to convene, within existing resources, a high‑level event during the eleventh session of the Forum to commemorate the fifth anniversary of the adoption of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples in order to raise awareness of the importance of pursuing its objectives;", "7. Stresses that the result of that event could serve as an input for the preparation of the high‑level plenary meeting of the General Assembly in 2014, to be known as the World Conference on Indigenous Peoples;", "8. Invites Governments, indigenous peoples and other stakeholders, including the media, as well as relevant organizations and bodies of the United Nations system, to carry out activities focused on marking the fifth anniversary of the adoption of the Declaration, at the regional and national levels;", "9. Decides to continue consideration of the question at its sixty‑seventh session, under the item entitled “Rights of indigenous peoples”.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  Resolution 61/295, annex.", "[2]  See resolution 55/2.", "[3]  See resolution 60/1.", "[4]  See resolution 65/1.", "[5]  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty‑sixth Session, Supplement No. 53A and corrigendum (A/66/53/Add.1 and Corr.1), chap. II.", "[6]  See A/64/777, annexes I and II.", "[7]  See A/66/288.", "[8]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1650, No. 28383." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/459)]", "Rights of indigenous peoples", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling the relevant resolutions of the General Assembly, the Human Rights Council and the Economic and Social Council on the rights of indigenous peoples,", "Reaffirming General Assembly resolution 63/298 of 21 December 2010, in which the Assembly decided to convene a high-level plenary meeting of the General Assembly in 2014, known as the World Conference of Indigenous Peoples, in 2014,", "Recalling its resolution 59/174 of 20 December 2004 on the Second International Decade of the World's Indigenous People (2005-2014),", "Recalling also the 2007 United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, which addresses the individual and collective rights of indigenous peoples,", "Recalling further the United Nations Millennium Declaration, the 2005 World Summit Outcome [3] and the outcome of the high-level plenary meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals, [4]", "Recalling Human Rights Council resolution 18/8 of 29 September 2011 on human rights and indigenous peoples, [5]", "Recalling also the First World Conference on Climate Change and the Rights of Mother Earth, hosted by the Plurinational State of Bolivia from 20 to 22 April 2010, organized by the State of Bolivia (Plurinational State of Bolivia) as host country in Cobumba, [6]", "Stressing the importance of promoting and working towards the goals of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, and in that regard, international cooperation is also needed to support national and regional efforts to achieve the goals of the Declaration, including the implementation of the rights of indigenous peoples to maintain and strengthen their unique political, legal, economic, social and cultural institutions and the right to choose to participate fully in the political, economic, social and cultural life of the country,", "Recognizing the cultural and social organization of indigenous peoples and the value and diversity of indigenous peoples' traditional scientific knowledge of their lands, natural resources and the environment,", "Concerned that indigenous peoples often face extreme disadvantages in relation to many social and economic indicators and face obstacles to the full enjoyment of their rights,", "Recalling General Assembly resolution 63/298, in which the Assembly decided to expand the mandate of the United Nations Voluntary Fund for Indigenous Populations in order to enable the Fund to participate in meetings of the Human Rights Council and the human rights treaty bodies, in accordance with the relevant rules and regulations, including Economic and Social Council resolution 1996/31 of 25 July 1996, and urged States to contribute to the Fund,", "Welcomes the work of the Expert Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and the Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples, notes the report of the Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples, [7] and encourages Governments to respond positively to his requests for visits;", "Urges Governments, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations to continue to contribute to the United Nations Voluntary Fund for Indigenous Populations and the Second International Decade of the World's Indigenous People Trust Fund, and invites indigenous organizations and private institutions and individuals to do likewise;", "Encourages States that have not yet done so to consider ratifying or acceding to the International Labour Organization Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention 1989 (No. 169) [8] and to consider supporting the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples,1 and welcomes the increased support of States for the Declaration;", "Encourages States, in consultation and cooperation with indigenous peoples, to take appropriate measures, including legislative measures, to achieve the goals of the Declaration;", "Encourages all parties concerned, in particular indigenous peoples, to disseminate and consider good practices at different levels in order to effectively guide the realization of the goals of the Declaration;", "Requests the Secretary-General, in coordination with the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, to convene, within existing resources, a high-level event during the eleventh session of the Forum to commemorate the fiftieth anniversary of the adoption of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples in order to raise awareness of the importance of achieving the goals of the Declaration;", "Emphasizes that the outcome of the high-level event could be an input to the preparations for the high-level plenary meeting of the General Assembly, known as the World Conference on Indigenous Peoples, in 2014;", "Invites Governments, indigenous peoples and other stakeholders, including the media, and relevant organizations and bodies of the United Nations system to carry out activities at the regional and national levels, with a focus on the fifth anniversary of the adoption of the Declaration;", "Decides to continue its consideration of this question under the item entitled “Rights of peoples”.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "See resolution 61/295, annex.", "[2] See resolution 55/2.", "[3] See resolution 60/1.", "[4] See resolution 63/2.", "[5] See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 53A (A/66/53/Add.1), chap.", "[6] See A/64/777, annexes I and II.", "[7] See A/66/288.", "United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1650, No. 28383." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/460)通过]", "66/143. 取缔某些助长当代形式种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为的做法", "大会，", "遵循《联合国宪章》、《世界人权宣言》、[1] 《公民及政治权利国际公约》、[2] 《消除一切形式种族歧视国际公约》[3] 和其他相关人权文书，", "回顾人权委员会2004年4月16日第2004/16号[4] 和2005年4月14日第2005/5号决议、[5] 人权理事会各项相关决议尤其是2008年3月28日第7/34号[6] 和2011年9月29日第18/15号决议，[7] 以及大会关于这个问题的2005年12月16日第60/143号、2006年12月19日第61/147号、2007年12月18日第62/142号、2008年12月18日第63/162号、2009年12月18日第64/147号和2010年12月21日第65/199号决议，及题为“彻底消除种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为的全球努力以及《德班宣言和行动纲领》的全面执行和后续行动”的2006年12月19日第61/149号、2007年12月22日第62/220号、2008年12月24日第63/242号、2009年12月18日第64/148号和2010年12月24日第65/240号决议的规定，", "又回顾《纽伦堡法庭宪章》和《法庭判决书》，其中认定，除其他外，党卫军组织及其各部，包括武装党卫军为犯罪组织，并宣布该组织负有多重战争罪责和危害人类罪责，", "还回顾反对种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为世界会议2001年9月8日通过的《德班宣言和行动纲领》[8] 的相关规定，特别是《宣言》第2段和《行动纲领》第86段，以及2009年4月24日德班审查会议成果文件[9] 所载相关规定，尤其是第11和54段，", "震惊地注意到在这方面，包括新纳粹组织和光头党组织在内的各种极端主义政党、运动和团体以及类似的极端主义意识形态运动在世界许多地方扩散，", "回顾国际社会在2010年庆祝了第二次世界大战胜利六十五周年，在这方面欣见大会第六十四届会议于2010年5月6日举行了庄严的特别会议，", "又回顾大会第六十六届会议适逢纽伦堡法庭判决六十五周年，", "注意到当代形式种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为问题特别报告员按照大会第65/199号决议要求提交人权理事会的报告，[10]", "1. 重申《德班宣言》⁸ 和德班审查会议成果文件⁹ 的相关规定，其中各国谴责新纳粹主义、新法西斯主义和基于种族和民族偏见的暴力民族主义思想的持续存在和死灰复燃，并指出这些现象在任何时候任何情况下均无可辩解；", "2. 表示赞赏地注意到当代形式种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为问题特别报告员按照第65/199号决议所载要求编写的报告；[11]", "3. 表示赞赏联合国人权事务高级专员致力于继续把对付种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为的斗争作为该办事处的优先活动之一；", "4. 表示深为关切歌颂纳粹运动和前武装党卫军分子的行为，包括立碑建祠和公开举行歌颂纳粹历史、纳粹运动和新纳粹主义的示威游行，以及宣布或企图宣布此类分子和对抗反希特勒联盟和与纳粹运动勾结者为民族解放运动人士；", "5. 表示关切有人一再企图亵渎或毁坏为纪念第二次世界大战期间抵抗纳粹主义的人士而树立的纪念碑以及非法挖掘或移走这些人士的骸骨，为此敦促各国全面遵守1949年日内瓦四公约《第一附加议定书》[12] 第34条等规定下的相关义务；", "6. 关切地注意到正如特别报告员在其提交大会的最近一次报告中所述，若干国家内的种族主义事件增加，制造过许多此类种族主义事件的光头党团伙势力上升，针对在民族或族裔、宗教或语言上属于少数群体者实施的种族主义和仇外暴力行为死灰复燃；", "7. 重申此类行为可被归为属于《消除一切形式种族歧视国际公约》³ 第四条所列活动，是对《世界人权宣言》、¹ 《公民及政治权利国际公约》² 和《消除一切形式种族歧视国际公约》所保障的权利定义范围内的和平集会自由和结社自由权利以及意见自由和言论自由权利的明显和公然侵犯；", "8. 强调指出上述行为亵渎了第二次世界大战中发生的危害人类罪行的无数受难者的亡灵，尤其是党卫军组织以及对抗反希特勒联盟和与纳粹运动勾结者所犯危害人类罪行的无数受难者，并毒害了年轻人心灵，而各国如果未能有效对付此类行为，便是违背联合国会员国根据《联合国宪章》承担的义务以及联合国的宗旨和原则；", "9. 又强调指出此种行为助长当代形式种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为，助长包括新纳粹分子和光头党组织在内各种极端主义政党、运动和团体的散布和扩增，为此要求提高政治和法律警惕；", "10. 强调需要采取必要措施制止上述行为，并吁请各国按照国际人权法采取更加有效的措施，打击这些对民主价值观构成切实威胁的现象和极端主义运动；", "11. 回顾特别报告员在其提交大会的最近一次报告中建议各国在国内法中列入有关条款，规定具有种族主义或仇外动机或目的的犯罪构成加重处罚的严重情节；鼓励那些国内立法中没有此类规定的国家考虑这一建议；", "12. 在这方面重申，正如特别报告员所述，用包括人权教育在内的各种形式教育来补充立法措施，具有特别重要意义；", "13. 强调特别报告员的提议，即必须通过历史课来揭示纳粹主义和法西斯主义意识形态导致的重大事件和人民经历的苦难；", "14. 强调指出必须采取其他积极措施和举措，以促成社区融合并为其提供真正对话的空间，例如举行圆桌会议、设立工作组及举办讨论会，包括为国家人员和媒体专业人员举办培训班，以及开展提高认识活动，特别是由民间社会代表倡导并需国家持续支持的活动；", "15. 着重指出联合国相关实体和方案，尤其是联合国教育、科学及文化组织，在上述领域可发挥潜在的积极作用；", "16. 重申根据《消除一切形式种族歧视国际公约》第四条，该文书缔约国有义务：", "(a) 谴责一切基于种族优越论或企图辩解或鼓吹任何形式种族仇恨和歧视的宣传和组织；", "(b) 承诺立即采取积极措施，根除一切挑起此类歧视的煽动或行为，同时适当注意《世界人权宣言》所载原则和《公约》第五条明文规定的权利；", "(c) 宣布凡传播基于种族优越或仇恨的思想，煽动种族歧视，对任何种族或属于另一肤色或族裔本源的群体实施暴力行为或煽动此种行为，以及对种族主义活动给予任何协助，包括为其筹供经费，概为犯罪，应受法律惩处；", "(d) 宣布宣扬和煽动种族歧视的组织、有组织的活动和一切其他有关宣传活动均为非法，应予禁止，同时确认参与此类组织或活动属于犯罪，应受法律惩处；", "(e) 禁止国家或地方公共当局或公共机构宣扬或煽动种族歧视；", "17. 又重申正如德班审查会议成果文件第13段所着重指出，任何鼓吹民族、种族或宗教仇恨且构成煽动歧视、敌对或暴力的行为，均应从法律上加以禁止；应宣布一切传播种族优越思想或仇恨及煽动种族歧视的行为以及一切暴力行为或煽动暴力行为均属需依法惩处的犯罪行为；此种禁令无悖意见自由和言论自由；", "18. 表示关切特别报告员在其提交大会的最近一次报告中述及有人利用因特网宣传种族主义、种族仇恨、仇外心理、种族歧视和相关不容忍行为的问题，在这方面吁请《公民及政治权利国际公约》缔约国充分执行该公约第19和20条，其中保障言论自由权利并设定了与此相关的限制；", "19. 同时着重指出，行使意见自由和言论自由权以及充分尊重寻求、接受和传递信息的自由，包括通过因特网这么做，在打击种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为方面可发挥积极作用；", "20. 鼓励对《消除一切形式种族歧视国际公约》第四条作出保留的国家优先认真考虑撤回此类保留，特别报告员在其提交大会第六十六届会议的报告中强调指出了这一点；[13]", "21. 指出亟需加强区域和国际各级的国际合作，以对付一切表现形式的种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为，尤其是就本决议所述问题而言；", "22. 鼓励《消除一切形式种族歧视国际公约》缔约国确保国内立法融入该公约各项规定，包括公约第四条中的规定；", "23. 回顾人权委员会第2005/5号决议⁵ 请特别报告员继续研究这个问题，在其今后提交的报告中提出相关建议，并在这方面征求并考虑各国政府和非政府组织的意见；", "24. 请特别报告员根据人权委员会按照大会在上文第23段中回顾的要求收集的意见，编写关于本决议执行情况尤其是上文第4、5、7、8、13和14段执行情况的报告，提交大会第六十七届会议和人权理事会第二十届会议审议；", "25. 表示赞赏在特别报告员编写提交大会的报告期间向其提供资料的各国政府；", "26. 又表示赞赏民间社会行为体以公正和不偏不倚的方式为打击种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为的斗争作出贡献；", "27. 强调指出此类资料对于交流打击包括新纳粹分子和光头党在内的极端主义政党、运动和团体以及极端主义意识形态运动方面的经验和最佳做法具有重要意义；", "28. 鼓励各国政府和非政府组织为特别报告员执行上文第23段所述任务给予充分合作；", "29. 鼓励各国政府、非政府组织和相关行为体尽可能广泛传播关于本决议内容和所述原则的信息，包括但并不仅限于通过媒体传播；", "30. 决定继续处理这一问题。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] 第217A(III)号决议。", "[2] 见第2200A(XXI)号决议，附件。", "[3] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第660卷，第9464号。", "[4] 见《经济及社会理事会正式记录，2004年，补编第3号》(E/2004/23)，第二章，A节。", "[5] 同上，《2005年，补编第3号》和更正(E/2005/23和Corr.2)，第二章，A节。", "[6] 见《大会正式记录，第六十三届会议，补编第53号》(A/63/53)，第二章。", "[7] 同上，《第六十六届会议，补编第53A号》(A/66/53/Add.1)，第二章。", "[8] 见A/CONF.189/12和Corr.1，第一章。", "[9] 见A/CONF.211/8，第一章。", "[10] A/HRC/18/44。", "[11] 见A/66/312。", "[12] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第1125卷，第17512号。", "[13] 见A/65/323。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/460)]", "66/143. Inadmissibility of certain practices that contribute to fuelling contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance", "The General Assembly,", "Guided by the Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,[1] the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,[2] the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination[3] and other relevant human rights instruments,", "Recalling the provisions of Commission on Human Rights resolutions 2004/16 of 16 April 2004[4] and 2005/5 of 14 April 2005[5] and relevant Human Rights Council resolutions, in particular resolutions 7/34 of 28 March 2008[6] and 18/15 of 29 September 2011,[7] as well as General Assembly resolutions 60/143 of 16 December 2005, 61/147 of 19 December 2006, 62/142 of 18 December 2007, 63/162 of 18 December 2008, 64/147 of 18 December 2009 and 65/199 of 21 December 2010 on this issue and resolutions 61/149 of 19 December 2006, 62/220 of 22 December 2007, 63/242 of 24 December 2008, 64/148 of 18 December 2009 and 65/240 of 24 December 2010, entitled “Global efforts for the total elimination of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance and the comprehensive implementation of and follow‑up to the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action”,", "Recalling also the Charter of the Nuremberg Tribunal and the Judgement of the Tribunal, which recognized, inter alia, the SS organization and all its integral parts, including the Waffen SS, as criminal and declared it responsible for many war crimes and crimes against humanity,", "Recalling further the relevant provisions of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action adopted by the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance on 8 September 2001,[8] in particular paragraph 2 of the Declaration and paragraph 86 of the Programme of Action, as well as the relevant provisions of the outcome document of the Durban Review Conference, of 24 April 2009,[9] in particular paragraphs 11 and 54,", "Alarmed, in this regard, at the spread in many parts of the world of various extremist political parties, movements and groups, including neo‑Nazis and skinhead groups, as well as similar extremist ideological movements,", "Recalling that in 2010 the international community celebrated the sixty‑fifth anniversary of victory in the Second World War, and welcoming in this regard the special solemn meeting of the sixty‑fourth session of the General Assembly, held on 6 May 2010,", "Recalling also that the sixty‑sixth session of the General Assembly coincides with the sixty‑fifth anniversary of the Judgement of the Nuremberg Tribunal,", "Taking note of the report of the Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance submitted to the Human Rights Council in accordance with the request contained in General Assembly resolution 65/199,[10]", "1. Reaffirms the relevant provisions of the Durban Declaration⁸ and of the outcome document of the Durban Review Conference,⁹ in which States condemned the persistence and resurgence of neo‑Nazism, neo‑Fascism and violent nationalist ideologies based on racial and national prejudice and stated that those phenomena could never be justified in any instance or in any circumstances;", "2. Takes note with appreciation of the report of the Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance prepared in accordance with the request contained in General Assembly resolution 65/199;[11]", "3. Expresses its appreciation to the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights for her commitment to maintaining the fight against racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance as one of the priority activities of her Office;", "4. Expresses deep concern about the glorification of the Nazi movement and former members of the Waffen SS organization, including by erecting monuments and memorials and holding public demonstrations in the name of the glorification of the Nazi past, the Nazi movement and neo‑Nazism, as well as by declaring or attempting to declare such members and those who fought against the anti‑Hitler coalition and collaborated with the Nazi movement participants in national liberation movements;", "5. Expresses concern at recurring attempts to desecrate or demolish monuments erected in remembrance of those who fought against Nazism during the Second World War, as well as to unlawfully exhume or remove the remains of such persons, and in this regard urges States to fully comply with their relevant obligations, inter alia, under article 34 of Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions of 1949;[12]", "6. Notes with concern the increase in the number of racist incidents in several countries and the rise of skinhead groups, which have been responsible for many of these incidents, as well as the resurgence of racist and xenophobic violence targeting members of national, ethnic, religious or linguistic minorities, as observed by the Special Rapporteur in his latest report to the General Assembly;", "7. Reaffirms that such acts may be qualified to fall within the scope of activities described in article 4 of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination³ and that they may represent a clear and manifest abuse of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association as well as the rights to freedom of opinion and expression within the meaning of those rights as guaranteed by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,¹ the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights² and the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination;", "8. Stresses that the practices described above do injustice to the memory of the countless victims of crimes against humanity committed in the Second World War, in particular those committed by the SS organization and those who fought against the anti‑Hitler coalition and collaborated with the Nazi movement, and poison the minds of young people, and that failure by States to effectively address such practices is incompatible with the obligations of States Members of the United Nations under its Charter and is incompatible with the purposes and principles of the Organization;", "9. Also stresses that such practices fuel contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance and contribute to the spread and multiplication of various extremist political parties, movements and groups, including neo‑Nazis and skinhead groups, and in this regard calls for increased political and legal vigilance;", "10. Emphasizes the need to take the measures necessary to put an end to the practices described above, and calls upon States to take more effective measures in accordance with international human rights law to combat those phenomena and the extremist movements, which pose a real threat to democratic values;", "11. Recalls the recommendation of the Special Rapporteur, made in his latest report to the General Assembly, to introduce into domestic criminal law a provision according to which committing an offence with racist or xenophobic motivations or aims constitutes an aggravating circumstance allowing for enhanced penalties, and encourages those States whose legislation does not contain such provisions to consider that recommendation;", "12. Reaffirms, in this regard, the particular importance of all forms of education, including human rights education, as a complement to legislative measures, as outlined by the Special Rapporteur;", "13. Emphasizes the recommendation of the Special Rapporteur regarding the importance of history classes in teaching the dramatic events and human suffering that resulted from the ideologies of Nazism and Fascism;", "14. Stresses the importance of other positive measures and initiatives aimed at bringing communities together and providing them with space for genuine dialogue, such as round tables, working groups and seminars, including training seminars for State agents and media professionals, as well as awareness‑raising activities, especially those initiated by civil society representatives which require continued State support;", "15. Underlines the potentially positive role that relevant United Nations entities and programmes, in particular the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, can play in the aforementioned areas;", "16. Reaffirms that, according to article 4 of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, States parties to that instrument are under the obligation:", "(a) To condemn all propaganda and all organizations that are based on ideas of racial superiority or that attempt to justify or promote racial hatred and discrimination in any form;", "(b) To undertake to adopt immediate and positive measures designed to eradicate all incitement to, or acts of, such discrimination, with due regard to the principles embodied in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the rights expressly set forth in article 5 of the Convention;", "(c) To declare as an offence punishable by law all dissemination of ideas based on racial superiority or hatred, and incitement to racial discrimination, as well as all acts of violence or incitement to such acts against any race or group of persons of another colour or ethnic origin, and also the provision of any assistance to racist activities, including the financing thereof;", "(d) To declare illegal and prohibit organizations and organized and all other propaganda activities that promote and incite racial discrimination, and to recognize participation in such organizations or activities as an offence punishable by law;", "(e) To prohibit public authorities or public institutions, national or local, from promoting or inciting racial discrimination;", "17. Also reaffirms that, as underlined in paragraph 13 of the outcome document of the Durban Review Conference, any advocacy of national, racial or religious hatred that constitutes incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence should be prohibited by law, that all dissemination of ideas based on racial superiority or hatred, or incitement to racial discrimination as well as all acts of violence or incitement to such acts shall be declared offences punishable by law, in accordance with the international obligations of States, and that these prohibitions are consistent with freedom of opinion and expression;", "18. Expresses concern about the use of the Internet to propagate racism, racial hatred, xenophobia, racial discrimination and related intolerance, as outlined in the latest report of the Special Rapporteur to the General Assembly, and in this regard calls upon States parties to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights to implement fully articles 19 and 20 of the Covenant, which guarantee the right to freedom of expression and set out the limitations thereto;", "19. Underlines, at the same time, the positive role that the exercise of the right to freedom of opinion and expression, as well as full respect for the freedom to seek, receive and impart information, including through the Internet, can play in combating racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance;", "20. Encourages those States that have made reservations to article 4 of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination to give serious consideration to withdrawing such reservations as a matter of priority, as stressed by the Special Rapporteur in his report to the General Assembly at its sixty‑fifth session;[13]", "21. Notes the importance of strengthening international cooperation at the regional and international levels with the aim of countering all manifestations of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, in particular regarding issues raised in the present resolution;", "22. Encourages States parties to the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination to ensure that their legislation incorporates the provisions of the Convention, including those of article 4;", "23. Recalls the request of the Commission on Human Rights, in its resolution 2005/5,⁵ that the Special Rapporteur continue to reflect on this issue, make relevant recommendations in his future reports and seek and take into account in this regard the views of Governments and non‑governmental organizations;", "24. Requests the Special Rapporteur to prepare, for submission to the General Assembly at its sixty‑seventh session and to the Human Rights Council at its twentieth session, reports on the implementation of the present resolution, in particular regarding paragraphs 4, 5, 7, 8, 13 and 14 thereof, based on the views collected in accordance with the request of the Commission on Human Rights, as recalled by the Assembly in paragraph 23 above;", "25. Expresses its appreciation to those Governments that have provided information to the Special Rapporteur in the course of the preparation of his report to the General Assembly;", "26. Also expresses its appreciation to civil society actors that contribute to the fight against racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance in an impartial and unbiased manner;", "27. Stresses that such information is important for the sharing of experiences and best practices in the fight against extremist political parties, movements and groups, including neo‑Nazis and skinhead groups, as well as extremist ideological movements;", "28. Encourages Governments and non‑governmental organizations to cooperate fully with the Special Rapporteur in the exercise of the tasks outlined in paragraph 23 above;", "29. Encourages Governments, non‑governmental organizations and relevant actors to disseminate, as widely as possible, information regarding the contents of and the principles outlined in the present resolution, including through the media, but not limited to it;", "30. Decides to remain seized of the issue.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  Resolution 217 A (III).", "[2]  See resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.", "[3]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 660, No. 9464.", "[4]  See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 2004, Supplement No. 3 (E/2004/23), chap. II, sect. A.", "[5]  Ibid., 2005, Supplement No. 3 and corrigenda (E/2005/23 and Corr.1 and 2), chap. II, sect. A.", "[6]  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty‑third Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/63/53), chap. II.", "[7]  Ibid., Sixty‑sixth Session, Supplement No. 53A (A/66/53/Add.1 and Corr.1), chap. II.", "[8]  See A/CONF.189/12 and Corr.1, chap. I.", "[9]  See A/CONF.211/8, chap. I.", "[10]  A/HRC/18/44.", "[11]  See A/66/312.", "[12]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1125, No. 17512.", "[13]  See A/65/323." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/64/460)]", "Elimination of certain practices that contribute to contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance", "The General Assembly,", "Guided by the Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination [3] and other relevant human rights instruments,", "Recalling Commission on Human Rights resolutions 2004/16 of 16 April 2004 [4] and 2005/5 of 14 April 2005, [5] relevant resolutions of the Human Rights Council, in particular resolutions 7/34 of 28 March 2008, and 18/15 of 29 September 2011, [7] and General Assembly resolutions 60/143 of 16 December 2005, 61/147 of 19 December 2006, 62/142 of 18 December 2007, 63/162 of 18 December 2008, and 61/149 of 12 December 2009, and the full implementation of the Declaration and Programme of Action,", "Recalling also the Charter of the Nuremberg Tribunal and the Court's judgement, in which it was found, inter alia, that the party's organization and its various departments, including the armed party's Guard, were criminal and that the organization had multiple war crimes and crimes against humanity,", "Recalling further the relevant provisions of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action [8] adopted at the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance on 8 September 2001, in particular paragraph 2 of the Declaration and paragraph 86 of the Programme of Action, and the relevant provisions contained in the outcome document of the Durban Review Conference of 24 April 2009, in particular paragraphs 11 and 54,", "Alarmed by the proliferation of extremist political parties, movements and groups, including neo-Nazi and skinhead groups, and similar extremist ideological movements in many parts of the world,", "Recalling that the international community celebrated the sixty-fifth anniversary of the victory of the Second World War in 2010, and welcoming in this regard the convening by the General Assembly at its sixty-fourth session on 6 May 2010,", "Recalling also that the sixty-sixth session of the General Assembly coincided with the sixty-fifth anniversary of the Judgement of the Nuremberg Tribunal,", "Taking note of the report of the Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, as requested by the General Assembly in its resolution 63/299, [10]", "Reaffirms the relevant provisions of the Durban Declaration8 and the outcome document of the Durban Review Conference,9 in which States condemn the persistence and resurgence of neo-Nazism, neo-Fisism and violent nationalist ideology based on racial and ethnic prejudice, and notes that these phenomena are not justified in any circumstances;", "Takes note with appreciation of the report prepared by the Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance in accordance with the requirements contained in resolution 63/299; [11]", "Expresses its appreciation to the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights for its commitment to continuing the fight against racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance as one of the priorities of the Office;", "Expresses its deep concern at the Google campaign and the conduct of former armed party Guard elements, including the construction of monuments and the open conduct of demonstrations to celebrate Nazi history, the Nazi movement and neo-Naziism, as well as the declaration or attempts to declare such elements and to combat the Alliance against Hitler and the renunciers of the Nazi movement as national liberation movements;", "Expresses concern at the repeated attempts to desecrate or destroy the memorials set by persons who resist Naziism during the Second World War, as well as the illegal excavation or removal of the remains of those persons, and in this regard urges States to comply fully with the relevant obligations set out in article 34 of Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions of 1949 [12];", "Notes with concern the increase in racist incidents in several countries, as indicated in the most recent report of the Special Rapporteur to the General Assembly, and the rise in the power of skinhead groups that manufacture many such racist incidents, and the resurgence of racist and xenophobic violence against persons belonging to minorities in national or ethnic, religious or linguistic settings;", "Reaffirms that such acts can be attributed to the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination3 The activities listed in article IV constitute a clear and flagrant violation of the right to freedom of assembly and association and the right to freedom of opinion and expression, as guaranteed by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,1 the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights2 and the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination;", "Stresses that the above-mentioned acts blasphemize the numerous victims of crimes against humanity that have occurred in the Second World War, in particular the party's organization, as well as the numerous victims of crimes against humanity committed by the Union against Hashile and the Nazi movement, and poison young people and that States, if they fail to effectively deal with such acts, are in breach of the obligations of States Members of the United Nations under the Charter and the purposes and principles of the United Nations;", "Also emphasizes that such acts contribute to contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, and contribute to the spread and expansion of extremist political parties, movements and groups, including neo-Nazis and skinhead groups, and calls for greater political and legal vigilance;", "Emphasizes the need to take the necessary measures to put an end to the above-mentioned acts, and calls upon States to take more effective measures, in accordance with international human rights law, to combat those threats to democratic values and extremist movements;", "Recalls that, in his most recent report to the General Assembly, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States include in their domestic law the relevant provisions providing that offences motivated or motivated by racism or xenophobia constitute a serious circumstance aggravating penalties; and encourages States that do not have such provisions in domestic legislation to consider this recommendation;", "Reaffirms in this regard the particular importance of complementing legislative measures, as noted by the Special Rapporteur, in all forms of education, including human rights education;", "Emphasizes the Special Rapporteur's proposal that significant events and the suffering experienced by the people caused by neo-Naziism and Fassisist ideology must be revealed through historical classes;", "Stresses the importance of other positive measures and initiatives to promote community integration and provide space for genuine dialogue, such as the holding of round tables, the establishment of working groups and seminars, including training sessions for national and media professionals, and awareness-raising activities, in particular those promoted by civil society representatives and required sustained national support;", "Stresses that relevant United Nations entities and programmes, in particular the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, can play a potential positive role in these areas;", "Reaffirms that, in accordance with article IV of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, States parties to the instrument are obliged to:", "(a) To condemn all propaganda and organizations based on racial superiority or attempt to justify or advocate any form of racial hatred and discrimination;", "(b) To undertake immediate and positive measures to eradicate all incitement or acts that provoke such discrimination, with due regard to the principles enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the rights expressly provided for in article 5 of the Convention;", "(c) To declare that any dissemination of ideas based on racial superiority or hatred, incitement to racial discrimination, acts of violence or incitement to such acts against any race or group of persons belonging to another colour or ethnic origin, and any assistance to racist activities, including funding for them, shall be punishable by law;", "(d) The declaration that organizations, organized activities and all other relevant information activities that promote and incite racial discrimination are illegal and should be prohibited, while recognizing that participation in such organizations or activities is criminal and punishable by law;", "(e) Prohibition of incitement or incitement to racial discrimination by State or local public authorities or public institutions;", "Also reaffirms that, as highlighted in paragraph 13 of the outcome document of the Durban Review Conference, any act that promotes national, racial or religious hatred and constitutes incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence shall be prohibited by law; that all acts of racial superiority or hatred and incitement to racial discrimination, as well as all acts of violence or incitement to violence, are punishable by law; that such prohibition is incompatible with freedom of opinion and expression;", "Expresses concern at the Special Rapporteur's reference in his most recent report to the General Assembly to the use of the Internet to promote racist, racial hatred, xenophobia, racial discrimination and related intolerance, and in this regard calls upon States parties to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights to fully implement articles 19 and 20 of the Convention, which guarantee the right to freedom of expression and impose relevant restrictions on it;", "Also stresses that the exercise of the right to freedom of opinion and expression and full respect for the freedom to seek, receive and impart information, including through the Internet, can play an active role in combating racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance;", "Encourages States that have made reservations to article IV of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination to give priority to the withdrawal of such reservations, as highlighted by the Special Rapporteur in his report to the General Assembly at its sixty-sixth session; [13]", "Notes the urgent need to strengthen international cooperation at the regional and international levels to address all manifestations of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, in particular with regard to the issues referred to in the present resolution;", "Encourages States parties to the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination to ensure that domestic legislation is incorporated into the provisions of the Convention, including in article IV of the Convention;", "Recalls Commission on Human Rights resolution 2005/55 and requests the Special Rapporteur to continue to study this issue and to make relevant recommendations in his future reports, and in this regard to seek and consider the views of Governments and non-governmental organizations;", "Requests the Special Rapporteur to prepare a report on the implementation of the present resolution, in particular paragraphs 4, 5, 7, 8, 13 and 14 above, in accordance with the views gathered by the Commission on Human Rights in accordance with the General Assembly in paragraph 23 above, for consideration by the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session and the Human Rights Council at its twentieth session;", "Expresses its appreciation to Governments that have provided information during the preparation of the report of the Special Rapporteur to the General Assembly;", "Also expresses its appreciation to civil society actors for their contribution to the fight against racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance in a fair and impartial manner;", "Stresses the importance of such information for sharing experiences and best practices in combating extremist political parties, movements and groups, including neo-Nazis and skinheads, and extremist ideological movements;", "Encourages Governments and non-governmental organizations to cooperate fully with the Special Rapporteur in the implementation of the mandate referred to in paragraph 23 above;", "Encourages Governments, non-governmental organizations and relevant actors to disseminate, to the extent possible, information on the content of the present resolution and the principles set out therein, including but not exclusively through the media;", "Decides to remain seized of the matter.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "Resolution 217A (III).", "[2] See resolution 2200A (XXI), annex.", "[3] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 660, No. 9464.", "[4] See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 2004, Supplement No. 3 (E/2004/23), chap.", "[5] Ibid., 2005, Supplement No. 3 and corrigendum (E/2005/23 and Corr.2), chap. II, sect.", "[6] See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-third Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/63/53), chap.", "[7] Ibid., Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 53A (A/66/53/Add.1), chap.", "[8] See A/CONF.189/12 and Corr.1, chap.", "[9] See A/CONF.211/8, chap.", "[10] A/HRC/1844.", "[11] See A/63/312.", "[12] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1125, No. 17512.", "[13] See A/65/323." ]

[ "2011年12月19日大会决议", "[根据第三委员会的报告(A/66/460)通过]", "66/144. 彻底消除种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为的全球努力以及《德班宣言和行动纲领》的全面执行和后续行动", "大会，", "回顾其1997年12月12日第52/111号决议，其中大会决定召开反对种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为世界会议，并回顾其2002年3月27日第56/266号、2002年12月18日第57/195号、2003年12月22日第58/160号、2004年12月20日第59/177号和2005年12月16日第60/144号决议，这些决议为世界会议的全面后续行动和有效执行提供了指导，并在这方面着重指出必须充分和有效地执行这些决议，", "又回顾大会2009年12月18日第64/148号和2010年12月24日第65/240号决议，其中大会除其他外要求举行活动纪念反对种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为世界会议通过《德班宣言和行动纲领》[1] 十周年，这对国际社会而言是一个重要机会，借以重申铲除种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为的决心，包括为此而调动国家、区域和国际各级的政治意愿，以期取得切实成果，", "注意到人权理事会2006年12月8日第3/103号决定，[2] 其中理事会依照世界会议的决定和指示，设立人权理事会拟订补充标准特设委员会，", "铭记人权理事会根据德班审查会议成果[3] 而承担的责任和义务，", "重申人人生而自由，在尊严和权利上一律平等，具有为社会发展和福祉作出贡献的潜能，而任何种族优越论在科学上是谬误的，在道德上是应予谴责的，在社会上是不公正和危险的，它与试图断定存在数种不同人类的理论一样，都必须予以拒斥，", "深信种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为针对妇女和女孩的表现形态各不相同，而且可能构成导致她们生活条件恶化、贫穷、遭受暴力、遭受多重歧视及人权受限制或被剥夺的部分原因，并确认需要将两性平等观点纳入反对种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为的相关政策、战略和行动纲领，以对付多种形式的歧视，", "着重指出在国家、区域和国际各级展现政治意愿、开展国际合作和提供充足资金，是消除一切形式和表现的种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为的首要条件，", "强调在确认缔约国对落实其根据《消除一切形式种族歧视国际公约》[4] 所承担义务负有首要责任的同时，国际合作和技术援助可在协助各国履行公约义务方面起重要作用，", "震惊地注意到世界许多地区，在政界、舆论界和广大社会中，种族主义暴力和仇外思潮增多，其原因包括以种族主义和仇外纲领及章程为基础成立的各种团体再度活跃，而且这些纲领及章程不断被用来宣传或煽动种族主义意识，", "着重指出必须紧急消除涉及种族主义和种族歧视的持续的暴力趋向，并意识到对出于种族主义和仇外心态的犯罪行为，任何形式的有罪不罚都将削弱法治和民主，往往会助长这种罪行再现，因此必须采取坚决行动协力根除，", "认识到属于弱势群体的个人，如移徙者、难民、寻求庇护者以及在民族或族裔、宗教和语言上属于少数群体者，继续是极端主义政治党派、运动和团体所实施或煽动暴力与攻击行为的主要受害者，", "确认根据《德班行动纲领》第157和158段调集资源，建立有效全球伙伴关系并开展国际合作，对于成功落实世界会议确定的主要目标与承诺起着中心作用，", "表示严重关切《德班宣言和行动纲领》尤其是《行动纲领》第157至159段等关键段落的执行缺乏进展，", "欢迎联合国人权事务高级专员继续致力于宣传和彰显反种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为的斗争，并确认高级专员有必要将此问题贯穿其办事处的各种活动和方案，", "注意到有效执行德班宣言和行动纲领政府间工作组在分别于2009年10月5日至16日和2010年10月11至22日举行的第七届[5] 和第八届会议[6] 上所做的工作，并欢迎人权理事会通过工作组的结论和建议，", "又注意到2010年11月22日和23日以及2011年4月11日至21日在日内瓦举行的拟订补充标准特设委员会第三届会议所取得的进展，并注意到将于2012年在日内瓦召开第四届会议，", "还注意到为非洲裔人国际年开展的各种活动，包括2011年8月在洪都拉斯拉塞瓦举行的第一次非洲裔人世界峰会以及2011年11月为纪念德班会议成果十周年而在巴西萨尔瓦多举行的非洲裔人问题高级别峰会，并期待将于2012年在南非举行的散居海外非洲人峰会，", "认识到体育运动作为一种通用语言，可以促进多样性、宽容和公正等价值观教育，并可作为打击种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为的一种手段，", "欣见在南非举办了2010年国际足球联合会世界杯足球赛，欢迎2014年世界杯在巴西举办，强调指出必须继续利用这些赛事来促进理解、宽容与和平，并促进和加强打击种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为，", "一 一般原则", "1. 认识到并申明打击种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为及其一切丑恶和改头换面的形式和表现的全球斗争是国际社会的一项优先要务；", "2. 确认根据相关人权文书所确定的义务，禁止种族歧视、灭绝种族、种族隔离罪或奴役的责任不得克减；", "3. 表示极为关切并明确谴责一切形式的种族主义和种族歧视，包括出于种族动机的暴力、仇外和不容忍行为，以及企图辩解或鼓吹任何形式种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为的宣传活动和组织；", "4. 再次强调，在这方面，国际合作是实现彻底消除种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为这一目标及全面贯彻和有效落实《德班宣言和行动纲领》¹ 工作进程中的一个关键原则；", "5. 强调有效打击种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为的基本责任在于各国，为此强调各国对于确保充分、有效落实《德班宣言和行动纲领》所载所有承诺与建议负有首要责任；", "6. 表示深为关切应对各种新旧形式的种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为的举措不足，敦促各国采取措施着力对付这些祸害，防止其发生，并保护受害者；", "7. 着重指出必须应对一切当代形式和表现的种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为，其中包括煽动此类仇恨、种族定性、通过网络空间鼓吹种族主义和仇外行为，以期尽最大可能地保护受害者，提供法律补救并打击有罪不罚现象；", "8. 强调指出各国和各国际组织有责任确保在打击恐怖主义斗争中采取的措施不因种族、肤色、血统、民族或族裔本源不同而在目的或结果上有所歧异，并敦促所有国家废止或避免采取任何形式的种族定性；", "9. 确认各国应落实和执行适当而有效的立法、司法、规范和行政措施，防止种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为并保护民众免受其害，从而协助防止人权受侵；", "10. 又确认种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为因种族、肤色、血统、民族或族裔本源而发生，受害者可能因诸如性别、语言、宗教或信仰、政治或其他见解、社会出身、财产和出生或其他身份等其他相关原因而受到多重歧视或加重歧视；", "11. 重申凡宣扬民族、种族或宗教仇恨即构成煽动歧视、敌视或暴力，应依法禁止；又重申传播基于种族优越或仇恨的思想，或煽动种族歧视，以及一切暴力行为或煽动此类行为，均应根据各国所承担的国际义务认定为应予依法惩处的犯罪；", "12. 强调各国有责任采取有效措施，打击出于种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍动机的犯罪行为，包括采取措施确保将这类动机视为量刑加重因素，使此类罪行难逃法网，确保法治；", "13. 敦促所有国家审查并在必要时修订移民法律、政策及做法，使之不含种族歧视内容，并遵循根据国际人权文书承担的义务；", "14. 吁请所有国家依照各国在《德班行动纲领》第147段中所作的承诺，采取一切必要措施打击包括通过滥用印刷、音像和电子媒体及新的通信技术等手段煽动出于种族仇恨动机的暴力行为，并与服务提供商协作，推动按言论自由国际标准使用此种技术，包括因特网，以促进打击种族主义，此外采取一切必要措施保障言论自由权；", "15. 鼓励所有国家酌情在各级教育课程和社会方案中纳入有助于了解、容忍和尊重所有文化、文明、宗教、民族和国家的内容以及有关《德班宣言和行动纲领》后续行动和执行情况的信息；", "16. 强调指出各国有责任在各级设计和制订旨在消除种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为的防范、教育和保护措施时，将两性平等观点纳入主流，使之切实针对妇女和男子的不同情况；", "二 消除一切形式种族歧视国际公约", "17. 重申普遍加入和充分执行《消除一切形式种族歧视国际公约》，⁴ 对打击种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为以及在全世界促进平等和不歧视至关重要；", "18. 表示严重关切虽然按《德班宣言和行动纲领》¹ 作出了承诺，但是普遍批准《公约》的目标仍未实现，因此吁请尚未加入《公约》的国家作为紧急事项加入《公约》；", "19. 鉴于上述情况，敦促联合国人权事务高级专员办事处在其网站上长期登载且定期更新尚未批准《公约》的国家名单，并鼓励这些国家尽早批准《公约》；", "20. 表示关切应提交而尚未提交消除种族歧视委员会的报告逾期严重，有损委员会的效力，强烈呼吁《公约》所有缔约国遵守其条约义务，并重申必须向请求国提供技术援助，帮助其编写提交委员会的报告；", "21. 邀请《公约》缔约国批准关于委员会经费筹措的《公约》第八条修正案，并要求从联合国经常预算拨出足够的额外经费，使委员会能够充分履行授权；", "22. 敦促《公约》所有缔约国适当考虑到《世界人权宣言》[7] 各项原则和《公约》第五条，加紧努力，履行其在《公约》第四条下接受的义务；", "23. 回顾委员会认为，禁止传播基于种族优越论或种族仇恨的思想，这与《世界人权宣言》第十九条和《公约》第五条所述的意见自由和言论自由权利相符；", "24. 欢迎委员会在反对种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为世界会议后续行动过程中为打击种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为而做的工作，并欢迎为加强《公约》的执行及委员会的运作而建议的措施；", "25. 吁请会员国竭尽全力，确保应对当前金融和经济危机的举措不会导致贫穷和发展不足加剧并进而可能导致世界各地针对外国人、移民、在民族或族裔、宗教和语言上属少数群体者的种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为上升；", "26. 重申基于种族或血缘原因而剥夺公民权的做法有违缔约国所承担的确保在无歧视情况下享有国籍权的义务；", "三 当代形式种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为问题特别报告员和对其访问采取的后续行动", "27. 表示注意到当代形式种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为问题特别报告员的报告，[8] 鼓励相关利益攸关方考虑落实其中所载的各项建议；", "28. 欢迎人权理事会2011年3月25日第16/33号决议，[9] 其中理事会决定将特别报告员的任期延长三年；", "29. 再次吁请所有会员国、政府间组织、联合国系统相关组织以及非政府组织与特别报告员通力合作，并吁请各国考虑积极回应特别报告员的访问要求，使特别报告员能够充分有效地履行授权；", "30. 重申公共管理当局对以种族主义和仇外心态为动机的犯罪行为给予任何形式的纵容，都会促成削弱法治和民主，并可能鼓励此类犯罪一再发生；", "31. 强调指出各国有义务根据国际法，克尽职责防止发生以种族主义或仇外心态为动机、针对移徙者实施的罪行，调查此类犯罪并惩治行为人，否则就是违反及损害或剥夺受害人对人权和基本自由的享受；敦促各国强化这方面的措施；", "32. 深为关切地认识到反犹太主义、仇视基督教和仇视伊斯兰教的现象在世界各地抬头，并出现了针对阿拉伯人、基督徒、犹太人和穆斯林群体以及所有宗教社群、非裔族群、亚裔族群、土著族群及其他族群的基于种族主义和歧视思想的种族和暴力运动；", "33. 吁请缔约国全面实施既有的立法和其他措施以确保非洲裔人不受歧视，在这方面强调指出，为大会第六十五届会议通过的非洲裔人国际年活动方案[10] 提供支持十分重要；", "34. 请联合国人权事务高级专员继续应要求向各国提供咨询服务和技术援助，使各国能充分落实特别报告员的各项建议；", "35. 请秘书长向特别报告员提供一切必要的人力和财力支助，以便其高效率和高效力地快速履行授权并使其能够向大会第六十七届会议提交报告；", "36. 请特别报告员在其授权范围内继续特别注意种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为对充分享受公民、文化、经济、政治和社会权利的消极影响；", "37. 邀请会员国与国家和国际体育组织合作，通过开展教育和提高认识活动及强烈谴责种族主义事件的肇事者，更加坚决地致力于打击体育运动中的种族主义；", "38. 建议各国做出广泛努力，消除种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为，促进尊重文化、族裔和宗教多样性，在此方面强调教育，包括人权教育、培训和学习，以及各种提高认识措施的重要作用，有助于构建宽容的社会，在这样的社会中或可确保相互理解；", "39. 又建议各国适当关注和密切监测社会中围绕民族、文化和宗教身份概念的辩论动向，以防以此为工具在一些群体间制造人为差异；", "40. 表示关切不少社会中近来出现了把移民现象视为一个问题和对社会凝聚力的威胁这样的非常明显趋势，在此背景下，注意到打击种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为这一领域的诸多人权挑战；", "41. 建议各国对执法人员尤其是移民官员和边防警察进行人权培训，包括关于移民、难民和寻求庇护者所面临的种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为的挑战，使执法人员能够依照国际人权法行事；", "42. 又建议各国收集分列数据，以便拟定适当的反种族歧视立法和政策并监测其效力，同时遵循一些关键原则，包括自我身份认定、隐私权，以及保障在拟定和执行过程中征得有关个人的同意并使所有有关群体均参与其中；", "四 2001年反对种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为世界会议、2009年德班审查会议及2011年《德班宣言和行动纲领》通过十周年纪念活动的成果", "43. 重申依照大会1996年5月24日第50/227号决议的规定，大会是制订和评价涉及经济、社会及相关领域政策的最高政府间机制，而且大会与人权理事会一起共同构成全面执行和后续落实《德班宣言和行动纲领》，¹ 打击种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为的政府间进程；", "44. 欢迎通过纪念《德班宣言和行动纲领》通过十周年大会高级别会议政治宣言，[11] 该会议的宗旨是调动国家、区域和国际各级的政治意愿；", "45. 重申从政治上承诺促成在国家、区域和国际各级全面而有效地落实《德班宣言和行动纲领》、德班审查会议成果文件³ 以及其贯彻执行进程，打击种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为；", "46. 吁请所有尚未制订国家计划以打击种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为的国家信守其在2001年反对种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为世界会议上所作的承诺；", "47. 吁请所有国家毫不迟延地在国家、区域和国际各级制订和实施有关政策和行动计划，打击种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为，包括其基于性别的表现形式；", "48. 敦促各国支持各区域现有反对种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为的机构或中心在各自区域的活动，并建议在所有尚无此种机构的区域设立此种机构；", "49. 吁请尚未签署、批准或加入《德班宣言和行动纲领》第78段所列文书的国家考虑签署、批准或加入这些文书；", "50. 强调国家人权机构、区域机构或中心及民间社会同各国协力消除一切形式种族主义，特别是谋求实现《德班宣言和行动纲领》中的这方面目标，起着极其重要的补充作用；", "51. 确认民间社会在反对种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为方面，特别是在协助国家制定法规和战略、采取措施和行动对付上述形式的歧视以及参与后续实施工作方面，起着根本的作用；", "52. 重申决心消除对土著人民的一切形式种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和其他形式的相关不容忍行为，并在这方面注意到《联合国土著人民权利宣言》[12] 重视消除偏见和杜绝歧视以及促进土著人民与社会其他各群体之间相互宽容、理解和良好关系的目标；", "53. 确认2001年世界会议，也即第三次反种族主义世界会议，与前两次世界会议有很大不同，这体现在这次会议名称中包含了当代形式种族主义的两个重要方面，即仇外心理和相关不容忍行为；", "54. 又确认世界会议和德班审查会议的成果与人权和社会领域联合国各次主要会议、首脑会议和特别会议的成果具有同等地位；", "55. 强调增进公众对《德班宣言和行动纲领》的支持及相关利益攸关方对落实工作的参与至关重要；", "56. 请秘书处新闻部在现有资源范围内编制一份合并出版物，汇编并散发《德班宣言和行动纲领》通过十周年政治宣言及德班审查会议成果文件，以提高全球范围对这些文件的支持度和了解度，并制订一个通过在所有各级开展宣传活动来扩大影响的方案；", "57. 吁请会员国和联合国系统加紧努力，广泛散发《德班宣言和行动纲领》，并鼓励努力确保该文书得到翻译和广泛传播；", "58. 欢迎加勒比共同体成员国和其他会员国牵头提出的关于在联合国设立奴隶制和跨大西洋贩卖奴隶行为受害者永久纪念碑的可喜倡议得以通过，认为这有助于落实《德班宣言》第101段，表示感谢有关国家向为此而设的自愿基金提供捐款，并促请其他国家向该基金捐款；", "59. 注意到负责贯彻落实世界会议和德班审查会议成果的各个机制所开展的工作，并强调指出改进其效力的重要性；", "60. 吁请人权理事会确保在审议和通过有效执行德班宣言和行动纲领政府间工作组的结论和建议^(5、6) 后，提请相关联合国机构注意这些建议并在各自授权范围内予以采纳和落实；", "61. 鼓励非洲裔人问题专家工作组在工作组于第十届会议上提出的关于宣布“非洲裔人十年”的建议[13] 基础上制订一项行动纲领，包括提出一个主题，供人权理事会通过，以便宣布从2013年开始的十年为“非洲裔人十年”；", "62. 鼓励联合国人权事务高级专员办事处继续将《德班宣言和行动纲领》和德班审查会议成果文件的执行工作纳入整个联合国系统工作的主流，并按照成果文件中呼吁设立机构间工作队的第136和137段，向人权理事会提供有关的最新情况；", "63. 确认根据《德班行动纲领》第157和158段调集资源，建立有效全球伙伴关系并开展国际合作，对于成功履行在世界会议上所作承诺而言起着中心作用；注意到执行德班宣言和行动纲领问题独立知名专家组所承担的授权任务，尤其是调动必要政治意愿以成功执行《宣言和行动纲领》方面的授权；", "64. 请秘书长提供必要资源，以便有效执行德班宣言和行动纲领问题政府间工作组、非洲裔人问题专家工作组、执行德班宣言和行动纲领问题独立知名专家组和拟订补充标准特设委员会能够有效履行授权；", "65. 表示关切种族主义事件在各种体育活动中不断增多，同时赞赏地注意到一些体育管理机构为消除种族主义而作的努力，在这方面邀请所有国际体育机构通过其国家、区域、国际联合会，推动造就一个没有种族主义、没有种族歧视的体育世界；", "66. 表示严重关切以往和近来在体育活动和体育赛事中出现的种族主义事件，在这方面欢迎体育管理机构多方努力消除种族主义，包括采取反种族主义举措以及制订和实施纪律守则，对种族主义行为实行处罚；", "67. 在这方面表示赞赏国际足球联合会倡议推出一个醒目的足球无种族之分主题，并邀请国际足球联合会在定于巴西举行的2014年世界杯足球赛上继续推进这一倡议；", "68. 吁请各国利用群众体育活动作为有价值的外联平台，以动员人民并转达有关平等和不歧视的重要讯息；", "69. 确认人权理事会的指导和领导作用，鼓励人权理事会继续监督《德班宣言和行动纲领》的执行工作，并请联合国人权事务高级专员办事处继续为人权理事会实现其打击种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为方面的目标提供一切必要的支助；", "五 后续活动", "70. 重申建议人权理事会及其相关机制今后召开以反对种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为世界会议后续行动和《德班宣言和行动纲领》¹ 执行工作为重点的会议时，在时间安排上应当便利各方广泛参加，避免与大会专门审议此项目的会议重叠；", "71. 请秘书长向大会第六十七届会议提交本决议执行情况报告并提出建议；", "72. 决定在大会第六十七届会议题为“消除种族主义、种族歧视、仇外心理和相关不容忍行为”的项目下继续审议这个重要事项。", "2011年12月19日", "第89次全体会议", "[1] 见A/CONF.189/12和Corr.1，第一章。", "[2] 见《大会正式记录，第六十二届会议，补编第53号》(A/62/53)，第二章，B节。", "[3] 见A/CONF.211/8，第一章。", "[4] 联合国，《条约汇编》，第660卷，第9464号。", "[5] 见A/HRC/13/60。", "[6] 见A/HRC/16/64。", "[7] 第217A(III)号决议。", "[8] 见A/66/312和A/66/313。", "[9] 见《大会正式记录，第六十六届会议，补编第53号》(A/66/53)，第二章，A节。", "[10] 见第65/36号决议。", "[11] 见第66/3号决议。", "[12] 第61/295号决议，附件。", "[13] 见A/HRC/18/45，第四.B节。" ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/66/460)]", "66/144. Global efforts for the total elimination of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance and the comprehensive implementation of and follow‑up to the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 52/111 of 12 December 1997, in which it decided to convene the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance, and its resolutions 56/266 of 27 March 2002, 57/195 of 18 December 2002, 58/160 of 22 December 2003, 59/177 of 20 December 2004 and 60/144 of 16 December 2005, which guided the comprehensive follow‑up to and effective implementation of the World Conference, and in this regard underlining the importance of their full and effective implementation,", "Recalling also its resolutions 64/148 of 18 December 2009 and 65/240 of 24 December 2010, in which it, inter alia, called for the commemoration of the tenth anniversary of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action adopted by the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance,[1] which represented an important opportunity for the international community to reaffirm its commitment to the eradication of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, including by mobilizing political will at the national, regional and international levels, with a view to achieving concrete results,", "Taking note of Human Rights Council decision 3/103 of 8 December 2006,[2] by which, heeding the decision and instruction of the World Conference, the Council established the Ad Hoc Committee of the Human Rights Council on the Elaboration of Complementary Standards,", "Bearing in mind the responsibility and commitments of the Human Rights Council emanating from the outcome document of the Durban Review Conference,[3]", "Reiterating that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights and have the potential to contribute constructively to the development and well‑being of their societies, and that any doctrine of racial superiority is scientifically false, morally condemnable, socially unjust and dangerous and must be rejected, together with theories that attempt to determine the existence of separate human races,", "Convinced that racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance manifest themselves in a differentiated manner for women and girls and may be among the factors leading to a deterioration in their living conditions, poverty, violence, multiple forms of discrimination and the limitation or denial of their human rights, and recognizing the need to integrate a gender perspective into relevant policies, strategies and programmes of action against racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance in order to address multiple forms of discrimination,", "Underlining the primacy of political will, international cooperation and adequate funding at the national, regional and international levels needed to address all forms and manifestations of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance,", "Emphasizing, while acknowledging the primary responsibility of States parties to implement their obligations under the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination,[4] that international cooperation and technical assistance play an important role in assisting countries in the implementation of their obligations under the Convention,", "Alarmed at the increase in racist violence and xenophobic ideas in many parts of the world, in political circles, in the sphere of public opinion and in society at large as a result, inter alia, of the resurgent activities of associations established on the basis of racist and xenophobic platforms and charters, and the persistent use of those platforms and charters to promote or incite racist ideologies,", "Underlining the importance of urgently eliminating continuing and violent trends involving racism and racial discrimination, and conscious that any form of impunity for crimes motivated by racist and xenophobic attitudes plays a role in weakening the rule of law and democracy, tends to encourage the recurrence of such crimes and requires resolute action and cooperation for its eradication,", "Recognizing that individuals belonging to vulnerable groups, such as migrants, refugees, asylum‑seekers and persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities, continue to be the main victims of violence and attacks perpetrated or incited by extremist political parties, movements and groups,", "Acknowledging the central role of resource mobilization, effective global partnership and international cooperation in the context of paragraphs 157 and 158 of the Durban Programme of Action for the successful realization of the primary objectives and commitments undertaken at the World Conference,", "Expressing grave concern at the lack of progress made in the implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action, in particular key paragraphs 157 to 159 of the Programme of Action,", "Welcoming the continued commitment of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to profiling and increasing the visibility of the struggle against racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, and recognizing the need for the High Commissioner to make this a cross‑cutting issue in the activities and programmes of her Office,", "Noting the work of the Intergovernmental Working Group on the Effective Implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action at its seventh and eighth sessions, held from 5 to 16 October 2009[5] and from 11 to 22 October 2010,[6] respectively, and welcoming the adoption by the Human Rights Council of the conclusions and recommendations of the Working Group,", "Noting also the progress made during the third session of the Ad Hoc Committee on the Elaboration of Complementary Standards, held in Geneva on 22 and 23 November 2010 and from 11 to 21 April 2011, and noting further the convening of the fourth session, to be held in Geneva during 2012,", "Noting further the activities undertaken in the context of the International Year for People of African Descent, including the first World Summit of Afro‑Descendants, held in La Ceiba, Honduras, in August 2011, and the high‑level summit for people of African descent, held in Salvador, Brazil, in November 2011 to mark the tenth anniversary of the Durban outcome, and looking forward to the African Diaspora Summit, to be held in South Africa in 2012,", "Recognizing the potential of sport as a universal language contributing to the education of people on the values of diversity, tolerance and fairness and as a means to combat racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance,", "Welcoming the hosting of the 2010 and 2014 International Federation of Association Football World Cups in South Africa and Brazil, respectively, and stressing the importance of making continuing use of those events to promote understanding, tolerance and peace and to promote and strengthen efforts in the fight against racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance,", "I", "General principles", "1. Recognizes and affirms that a global fight against racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance and all their abhorrent and evolving forms and manifestations is a matter of priority for the international community;", "2. Acknowledges that no derogation from the prohibition of racial discrimination, genocide, the crime of apartheid or slavery is permitted, as defined in the obligations under the relevant human rights instruments;", "3. Expresses its profound concern about and its unequivocal condemnation of all forms of racism and racial discrimination, including related acts of racially motivated violence, xenophobia and intolerance, as well as propaganda activities and organizations that attempt to justify or promote racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance in any form;", "4. Re‑emphasizes that international cooperation is a key principle in achieving the goal of the total elimination of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance and the comprehensive follow‑up to and effective implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action¹ in this regard;", "5. Emphasizes that the basic responsibility for effectively combating racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance lies with States, and to this end stresses that States have the primary responsibility to ensure the full and effective implementation of all commitments and recommendations contained in the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action as well as the outcome document of the Durban Review Conference,³ and in this regard welcomes the steps taken by numerous Governments;", "6. Expresses deep concern at inadequate responses to emerging and resurgent forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, and urges States to adopt measures to address those scourges vigorously with a view to preventing their practice and protecting victims;", "7. Underlines the imperative need to address all the contemporary forms and manifestations of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, which include, inter alia, incitement to such hatred, racial profiling and the propagation of racist and xenophobic acts through cyberspace, with a view to maximizing protection for victims, providing legal remedies and combating impunity;", "8. Stresses that States and international organizations have a responsibility to ensure that measures taken in the struggle against terrorism do not discriminate in purpose or effect on grounds of race, colour, descent or national or ethnic origin, and urges all States to rescind or refrain from all forms of racial profiling;", "9. Recognizes that States should implement and enforce appropriate and effective legislative, judicial, regulatory and administrative measures to prevent and protect against acts of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, thereby contributing to the prevention of human rights violations;", "10. Also recognizes that racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance occur on the grounds of race, colour, descent or national or ethnic origin and that victims can suffer multiple or aggravated forms of discrimination based on other related grounds, such as sex, language, religion or belief, political or other opinion, social origin, property and birth or other status;", "11. Reaffirms that any advocacy of national, racial or religious hatred that constitutes incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence shall be prohibited by law, and also reaffirms that the dissemination of ideas based on racial superiority or hatred, or incitement to racial discrimination, as well as all acts of violence or incitement to such acts, shall be declared offences punishable by law, in accordance with the international obligations of States, and that those prohibitions are consistent with freedom of opinion and expression;", "12. Emphasizes that it is the responsibility of States to adopt effective measures to combat criminal acts motivated by racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, including measures to ensure that such motivations are considered an aggravating factor for the purposes of sentencing, to prevent those crimes from going unpunished and to ensure the rule of law;", "13. Urges all States to review and, where necessary, revise their immigration laws, policies and practices so that they are free of racial discrimination and compatible with their obligations under international human rights instruments;", "14. Calls upon all States, in accordance with the commitments undertaken in paragraph 147 of the Durban Programme of Action, to take all measures necessary to combat incitement to violence motivated by racial hatred, including through the misuse of print, audiovisual and electronic media and new communications technologies, and, in collaboration with service providers, to promote the use of such technologies, including the Internet, to contribute to the fight against racism, in conformity with international standards of freedom of expression and taking all measures necessary to guarantee that right;", "15. Encourages all States to include in their educational curricula and social programmes at all levels, as appropriate, knowledge of and tolerance and respect for all cultures, civilizations, religions, peoples and countries, as well as information on the follow‑up to and implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action;", "16. Stresses the responsibility of States to mainstream a gender perspective into the design and development of prevention, education and protection measures aimed at the eradication of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance at all levels, to ensure that they effectively target the distinct situations of women and men;", "II", "International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination", "17. Reaffirms that universal adherence to and full implementation of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination⁴ are of paramount importance for the fight against racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, and for the promotion of equality and non‑discrimination in the world;", "18. Expresses grave concern that universal ratification of the Convention has not yet been reached, despite commitments under the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action,¹ and calls upon those States that have not yet done so to accede to the Convention as a matter of urgency;", "19. Urges, in the above context, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to maintain on its website and issue regular updates on a list of countries that have not yet ratified the Convention and to encourage those countries to ratify it at the earliest possible time;", "20. Expresses concern at the serious delays in the submission of overdue reports to the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, which impede the effectiveness of the Committee, makes a strong appeal to all States parties to the Convention to comply with their treaty obligations, and reaffirms the importance of the provision of technical assistance to requesting countries in the preparation of their reports to the Committee;", "21. Invites States parties to the Convention to ratify the amendment to article 8 of the Convention on the financing of the Committee, and calls for adequate additional resources from the regular budget of the United Nations to enable the Committee to discharge its mandate fully;", "22. Urges all States parties to the Convention to intensify their efforts to implement the obligations that they have accepted under article 4 of the Convention, with due regard to the principles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights[7] and article 5 of the Convention;", "23. Recalls that the Committee holds that the prohibition of the dissemination of ideas based on racial superiority or racial hatred is compatible with the right to freedom of opinion and expression as outlined in article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and in article 5 of the Convention;", "24. Welcomes the work of the Committee in combating racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance in the follow‑up to the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance and the measures recommended to strengthen the implementation of the Convention as well as the functioning of the Committee;", "25. Calls upon Member States to do their utmost to ensure that their responses to the current financial and economic crisis do not lead to increased poverty and underdevelopment and, potentially, a rise in racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance against foreigners, immigrants and persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities all over the world;", "26. Reaffirms that deprivation of citizenship on the basis of race or descent is a breach of State parties’ obligations to ensure non‑discriminatory enjoyment of the right to nationality;", "III", "Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, and follow‑up to his visits", "27. Takes note of the reports of the Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance,[8] and encourages relevant stakeholders to consider implementing the recommendations contained therein;", "28. Welcomes Human Rights Council resolution 16/33 of 25 March 2011,[9] by which the Council decided to extend the mandate of the Special Rapporteur for a period of three years;", "29. Reiterates its call to all Member States, intergovernmental organizations, relevant organizations of the United Nations system and non‑governmental organizations to cooperate fully with the Special Rapporteur, and calls upon States to consider responding favourably to his requests for visits so as to enable him to fulfil his mandate fully and effectively;", "30. Reaffirms that any form of impunity condoned by public authorities for crimes motivated by racist and xenophobic attitudes plays a role in weakening the rule of law and democracy and tends to encourage the recurrence of such acts;", "31. Emphasizes the obligations of States under international law to exercise due diligence to prevent crimes against migrants perpetrated with racist or xenophobic motivations, to investigate such crimes and to punish the perpetrators and that not doing so violates, and impairs or nullifies the enjoyment of, the human rights and fundamental freedoms of victims, and urges States to reinforce measures in this regard;", "32. Recognizes with deep concern the increase in anti‑Semitism, Christianophobia and Islamophobia in various parts of the world, as well as the emergence of racial and violent movements based on racism and discriminatory ideas directed against Arab, Christian, Jewish and Muslim communities, as well as all religious communities, communities of people of African descent, communities of people of Asian descent, communities of indigenous people and other communities;", "33. Calls upon States parties to fully implement legislation and other measures already in place to ensure that people of African descent are not discriminated against, and underlines in this regard the importance of supporting the programme of activities for the International Year for People of African Descent adopted by the General Assembly at its sixty‑fifth session;[10]", "34. Requests the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to continue to provide States, at their request, with advisory services and technical assistance to enable them to implement fully the recommendations of the Special Rapporteur;", "35. Requests the Secretary‑General to provide the Special Rapporteur with all the human and financial assistance necessary to carry out his mandate efficiently, effectively and expeditiously and to enable him to submit a report to the General Assembly at its sixty‑seventh session;", "36. Requests the Special Rapporteur, within his mandate, to continue giving particular attention to the negative impact of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance on the full enjoyment of civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights;", "37. Invites Member States to demonstrate greater commitment to fighting racism in sport by conducting educational and awareness‑raising activities and by strongly condemning the perpetrators of racist incidents, in cooperation with national and international sports organizations;", "38. Recommends that States engage in broad efforts to eliminate racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance and to promote respect for cultural, ethnic and religious diversity, and in that regard emphasizes the crucial role of education, including human rights education, training and learning, and a variety of awareness‑raising measures which contribute to the creation of tolerant societies in which mutual understanding may be ensured;", "39. Also recommends that all States give due attention to and closely monitor the way in which the concept of national, cultural and religious identity is debated within their societies, with a view to preventing it from being used as a tool to create artificial differences among some groups of the population;", "40. Expresses concern at recent deeply marked tendencies within numerous societies to characterize migration as a problem and a threat to social cohesion, and in this context notes the numerous human rights challenges in combating racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance;", "41. Recommends that States conduct human rights training, including on the challenges of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance faced by migrants, refugees and asylum‑seekers, for law enforcement officials, especially immigration officials and border police, so that they may act in conformity with international human rights law;", "42. Also recommends that States collect disaggregated data in order to design appropriate anti‑racial discrimination legislation and policies and monitor their effectiveness, while abiding by some key principles, including self‑identification, the right to privacy, and guaranteeing the consent of those individuals concerned, and the involvement of all groups of individuals concerned, in the design and implementation of the exercise;", "IV", "Outcomes of the 2001 World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance, the 2009 Durban Review Conference and the commemoration of the tenth anniversary of the adoption of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action (2011)", "43. Reaffirms that the General Assembly is the highest intergovernmental mechanism for the formulation and appraisal of policy on matters relating to the economic, social and related fields, in accordance with Assembly resolution 50/227 of 24 May 1996, and that, together with the Human Rights Council, it shall constitute an intergovernmental process for the comprehensive implementation of and follow‑up to the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action¹ in combating racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance;", "44. Welcomes the adoption of the political declaration of the high‑level meeting of the General Assembly to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the adoption of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action,[11] whose aim is to mobilize political will at the national, regional and international levels;", "45. Reaffirms the political commitment to the full and effective implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action, the outcome document of the Durban Review Conference,³ and their follow‑up processes, at the national, regional and international levels, in combating racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance;", "46. Calls upon all States that have not yet elaborated their national action plans on combating racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance to comply with their commitments undertaken at the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance of 2001;", "47. Calls upon all States to formulate and implement without delay, at the national, regional and international levels, policies and plans of action to combat racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, including their gender‑based manifestations;", "48. Urges States to support the activities of existing regional bodies or centres that combat racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance in their respective regions, and recommends the establishment of such bodies in all regions where they do not exist;", "49. Calls upon those States that have not yet done so to consider signing and ratifying or acceding to the instruments enumerated in paragraph 78 of the Durban Programme of Action;", "50. Emphasizes the fundamental and complementary role of national human rights institutions, regional bodies or centres and civil society, working jointly with States towards the elimination of all forms of racism and, in particular, towards the achievement of the objectives of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action in this regard;", "51. Recognizes the fundamental role of civil society in the fight against racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, in particular in helping States to develop regulations and strategies, in taking measures and action against such forms of discrimination and through follow‑up implementation;", "52. Reaffirms its commitment to eliminating all forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and other forms of related intolerance against indigenous peoples, and in this regard notes the attention paid to the objectives of combating prejudice, eliminating discrimination and promoting tolerance, understanding and good relations among indigenous peoples and all other segments of society in the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples;[12]", "53. Acknowledges that the World Conference of 2001, which was the third world conference against racism, was significantly different from the previous two conferences, as evidenced by the inclusion in its title of two important components relating to contemporary forms of racism, namely, xenophobia and related intolerance;", "54. Also acknowledges that the outcomes of the World Conference and the Durban Review Conference have the same status as the outcomes of all the major United Nations conferences, summits and special sessions in the human rights and social fields;", "55. Emphasizes the critical importance of increasing public support for the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action and the involvement of relevant stakeholders in its realization;", "56. Requests the Department of Public Information of the Secretariat to compile and disseminate, within existing resources, in a single combined publication, the political declaration on the tenth anniversary of the adoption of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action and the outcome document of the Durban Review Conference, with a view to increasing global support for and awareness of these documents, as well as to establish a programme of outreach through public information campaigns at all levels;", "57. Calls upon Member States and the United Nations system to intensify efforts to widely distribute copies of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action, and encourages efforts to ensure its translation and wide dissemination;", "58. Welcomes the adoption of the laudable initiative led by the States members of the Caribbean Community and other Member States for the establishment of a permanent memorial at the United Nations to the victims of slavery and the transatlantic slave trade as a contribution towards the fulfilment of paragraph 101 of the Durban Declaration, expresses its appreciation for contributions made to the voluntary fund established in this regard, and urges other countries to contribute to the fund;", "59. Takes note of the work of the mechanisms mandated to follow up on the World Conference and the Durban Review Conference, and underlines the importance of improving their effectiveness;", "60. Calls upon the Human Rights Council to ensure that, upon the consideration and adoption of the conclusions and recommendations of the Intergovernmental Working Group on the Effective Implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action,^(5,6) the recommendations are brought to the attention of the relevant United Nations agencies for adoption and implementation within their respective mandates;", "61. Encourages the Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent, further to the recommendation of the Working Group at its tenth session on the proclamation of a Decade for People of African Descent,[13] to develop a programme of action, including a theme, for adoption by the Human Rights Council, with a view to proclaiming the decade starting in 2013 the Decade for People of African Descent;", "62. Encourages the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to continue mainstreaming the implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action and the outcome document of the Durban Review Conference in the whole United Nations system, and, in accordance with paragraphs 136 and 137 of the outcome document, which call for the establishment of an inter‑agency task force, to update the Human Rights Council in this regard;", "63. Acknowledges the central role of resource mobilization, effective global partnership and international cooperation in the context of paragraphs 157 and 158 of the Durban Programme of Action for the successful realization of commitments undertaken at the World Conference, and takes note of the mandate of the group of independent eminent experts on the implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action, especially in mobilizing the political will necessary for the successful implementation of the Declaration and Programme of Action;", "64. Requests the Secretary‑General to provide the resources necessary for the effective fulfilment of the mandates of the Intergovernmental Working Group on the Effective Implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action, the Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent, the group of independent eminent experts on the implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action and the Ad Hoc Committee on the Elaboration of Complementary Standards;", "65. Expresses concern at the increasing incidence of racism in various sporting events, while noting with appreciation the efforts made by some governing bodies of the various sporting codes to combat racism, and in this regard invites all international sporting bodies to promote, through their national, regional and international federations, a world of sport free from racism and racial discrimination;", "66. Expresses serious concern at past and recent incidents of racism in sport and at sporting events and, in this context, welcomes efforts of sports governing bodies to combat racism, including by pursuing anti‑racism initiatives and by developing and applying disciplinary codes that impose sanctions for racist acts;", "67. Expresses its appreciation, in this context, to the International Federation of Association Football for the initiative to introduce a visible theme on non‑racism in football, and invites the Federation to continue this initiative at the 2014 World Cup soccer tournament to be held in Brazil;", "68. Calls upon States to take advantage of mass sporting events as valuable outreach platforms for mobilizing people and conveying crucial messages about equality and non‑discrimination;", "69. Acknowledges the guidance and leadership role of the Human Rights Council and encourages it to continue overseeing the implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action, and requests the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to continue to provide the Human Rights Council with all the support necessary for it to achieve its objectives in combating racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance;", "V", "Follow‑up activities", "70. Reiterates its recommendation that future meetings of the Human Rights Council and its relevant mechanisms focusing on the follow‑up to the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance and the implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action¹ be scheduled in a manner that allows broad participation and avoids overlap with the meetings devoted to the consideration of this item in the General Assembly;", "71. Requests the Secretary‑General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty‑seventh session a report on the implementation of the present resolution, with recommendations;", "72. Decides to remain seized of this important matter at its sixty‑seventh session under the item entitled “Elimination of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance”.", "89th plenary meeting 19 December 2011", "[1]  See A/CONF.189/12 and Corr.1, chap. I.", "[2]  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty‑second Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/62/53), chap. II, sect. B.", "[3]  See A/CONF.211/8, chap, I.", "[4]  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 660, No. 9464.", "[5]  See A/HRC/13/60.", "[6]  See A/HRC/16/64.", "[7]  Resolution 217 A (III).", "[8]  See A/66/312 and A/66/313.", "[9]  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty‑sixth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/66/53), chap. II, sect. A.", "[10]  See resolution 65/36.", "[11]  See resolution 66/3.", "[12]  Resolution 61/295, annex.", "[13]  See A/HRC/18/45, sect. IV.B." ]

[ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2011", "[on the report of the Third Committee (A/64/460)]", "Global efforts to eradicate racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance and the full implementation of and follow-up to the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 52/111 of 12 December 1997, in which it decided to convene the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance, and recalling its resolutions 56/266 of 27 March 2002, 57/195 of 18 December 2002, 58/160 of 22 December 2003, 59/177 of 20 December 2004 and 60/144 of 16 December 2005, which provided guidance for the overall follow-up to and effective implementation of the World Conference, and stressing in this regard the importance of their full and effective implementation,", "Recalling also General Assembly resolutions 64/148 of 18 December 2009 and 63/240 of 24 December 2010, in which the Assembly, inter alia, requested that the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance adopt the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action [the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action], 1] The tenth anniversary is an important opportunity for the international community to reaffirm its determination to eradicate racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, including by mobilizing political will at the national, regional and international levels to that end, with a view to achieving tangible results,", "Taking note of Human Rights Council decision 3/103 of 8 December 2006, [2] in which the Council established the Ad Hoc Committee of the Human Rights Council on the Elaboration of Complementary Standards, in accordance with the decisions and directives of the World Conference,", "Bearing in mind the responsibilities and obligations of the Human Rights Council under the outcome of the Durban Review Conference [3],", "Reaffirming that everyone is born free and equal in dignity and rights and has the potential to contribute to social development and well-being, and that any doctrine of racial superiority is scientific and morally denounced and socially unjust and dangerous, and that it must be denied, as is the doctrine of trying to determine the existence of a number of different human beings,", "Convinced that acts of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance vary according to the patterns of the behaviour of women and girls and may constitute some of the causes of deterioration of their living conditions, poverty, violence, multiple discrimination and human rights limitations or deprivation, and recognizing the need to incorporate a gender perspective into relevant policies, strategies and programmes of action against racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance in order to address multiple forms of discrimination,", "Stressing that political will, international cooperation and adequate funding at the national, regional and international levels are the primary condition for the elimination of all forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance,", "Emphasizing that international cooperation and technical assistance can play an important role in assisting States in the implementation of their obligations under the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, while recognizing the primary responsibility of States parties for the implementation of their obligations under the Convention,", "Alarmed at the increase in racist violence and xenophobia in many parts of the world, in the political, opinion and in society at large, owing to the resurgence of active activities of various groups established on the basis of racist and xenophobic agendas and constitutions, and the continued use of those programmes and charters to promote or incite racist awareness,", "Stressing the importance of urgently eliminating the continuing trend of violence involving racism and racial discrimination, and aware that any form of impunity will weaken the rule of law and democracy, often contributing to such crimes, and that there is a need for concerted action to eradicate them,", "Recognizing that individuals belonging to vulnerable groups, such as migrants, refugees, asylum-seekers and persons belonging to minorities in national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities, continue to be the main victims of extremist political parties, movements and groups that commit or incite violence and attacks,", "Recognizing that the mobilization of resources in accordance with paragraphs 157 and 158 of the Durban Programme of Action, the establishment of an effective global partnership and international cooperation play a central role in the successful implementation of the main goals and commitments established at the World Conference,", "Expressing grave concern at the lack of progress in the implementation of key paragraphs, in particular paragraphs 157-159 of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action,", "Welcoming the continuing commitment of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to the fight against racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, and recognizing the need for the High Commissioner to follow the activities and programmes of her Office,", "Taking note of the work of the Intergovernmental Working Group on the Effective Implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action at its seventh [5] and eighth sessions [6], held from 5 to 16 October 2009 and from 11 to 22 October 2010, and welcoming the adoption of the conclusions and recommendations of the Working Group by the Human Rights Council,", "Taking note also of the progress made at the third session of the Ad Hoc Committee on the Elaboration of Complementary Standards, held in Geneva from 22 to 23 November 2010 and from 11 to 21 April 2011, and noting that the fourth session will be held in Geneva in 2012,", "Noting also the various activities undertaken for the International Year of Afro-descendants, including the First World Summit of Afro-descendants, held in Lasvala, Honduras, in August 2011, and the High-level Summit on Afro-descendants, held in Salvador, Brazil, in November 2011, to mark the tenth anniversary of the Durban Conference, and looking forward to the Summit of African diasporas, to be held in South Africa in 2012,", "Recognizing that sports, as a common language, can promote values such as diversity, tolerance and justice and can serve as a means of combating racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance,", "Welcoming the convening in South Africa of the World Cup of the International Federation of Finess for 2010 and welcoming the World Cup in Brazil in 2014, stressing the importance of continuing to use these events to promote understanding, tolerance and peace and to promote and strengthen the fight against racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance,", "General principles", "Recognizes and affirms that the global fight against racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance and all forms and manifestations of their evils and changes is a priority for the international community;", "Acknowledges that the responsibility to prohibit racial discrimination, genocide, apartheid or slavery is not derogated in accordance with the obligations established in the relevant human rights instruments;", "Expresses its grave concern and unequivocal condemnation of all forms of racism and racial discrimination, including acts of racially motivated violence, xenophobia and intolerance, as well as propaganda activities and organizations seeking to justify or advocate any form of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance;", "Re-emphasizes, in this regard, that international cooperation is the goal of the total elimination of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance and the full implementation and effective implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action1 A key principle in the work process;", "Emphasizes that the fundamental responsibility for the effective fight against racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance lies with States, and in this regard stresses the primary responsibility of States to ensure the full and effective implementation of all commitments and recommendations contained in the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action;", "Expresses its deep concern at the inadequate initiatives to respond to various forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, and urges States to take measures to address these scourges, prevent them from occurring and protect victims;", "Stresses the importance of responding to all contemporary forms and manifestations of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, including incitement to such hatred, ethnic profiling, racist and xenophobic acts through cyberspace, with a view to maximizing the protection of victims, providing legal remedies and combating impunity;", "Stresses the responsibility of States and international organizations to ensure that measures taken in the fight against terrorism do not discriminate on the basis of race, colour, descent, national or ethnic origin, for different purposes or outcome, and urges all States to repeal or avoid any form of racial character;", "Recognizes that States should implement and implement appropriate and effective legislative, judicial, normative and administrative measures to prevent acts of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance and protect the population from their causes, thereby helping to prevent human rights abuse;", "Also recognizes that acts of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance occur as a result of race, colour, descent, national or ethnic origin, and that victims may be subjected to multiple discrimination or increased discrimination for other relevant reasons, such as gender, language, religion or belief, political or other opinion, social origin, property and birth or other status;", "Reaffirms that any advocacy of national, racial or religious hatred constitutes incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence shall be prohibited by law, and reiterates that the dissemination of ideas based on racial superiority or hatred, or incitement to racial discrimination, as well as all acts of violence or incitement to such acts, shall be considered punishable by law in accordance with the international obligations of States;", "Emphasizes the responsibility of States to take effective measures to combat crimes motivated by racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, including measures to ensure that such motivations are considered as aggravating factors of sentence and that such crimes are brought to justice and that the rule of law is ensured;", "Urges all States to review and, where necessary, revise immigration laws, policies and practices so that they do not contain racial discrimination and comply with their obligations under international human rights instruments;", "Calls upon all States, in accordance with their commitments in paragraph 147 of the Durban Programme of Action, to take all necessary measures to combat incitement to racially motivated violence, including through the misuse of print, audio and electronic media and new communications technologies, and to work with service providers to promote the use of such technologies, including the Internet, in accordance with international standards on freedom of expression, and to take all necessary measures to guarantee the right to freedom of expression;", "Encourages all States, as appropriate, to include information on the follow-up and implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action at all levels of education curricula and social programmes that contribute to understanding, tolerance and respect for all cultures, civilizations, religions, nationalities and States;", "Stresses the responsibility of States to mainstream a gender perspective in the design and implementation of preventive, educational and protection measures aimed at eliminating racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance at all levels in order to effectively address the different situations of women and men;", "International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination", "Reaffirms the universality and full implementation of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination,4 which is essential to combating racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance and to promoting equality and non-discrimination throughout the world;", "Expresses grave concern that, despite the commitment made in accordance with the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action,1 the universal ratification of the Convention remains unfulfilled, and calls upon States that have not yet done so to accede to the Convention as a matter of urgency;", "In the light of the above, urges the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to maintain on its website and regularly update the list of States that have not yet ratified the Convention, and encourages them to ratify the Convention as soon as possible;", "Expresses concern at the delay in the submission of the report of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, which has not yet been submitted, and undermines the effectiveness of the Committee, and strongly calls upon all States parties to the Convention to comply with their treaty obligations, and reiterates the importance of providing technical assistance to requesting States to assist them in the preparation of their reports to the Committee;", "Invites States parties to the Convention to ratify the amendment to article 8 of the Convention on the financing of the Committee, and requests that sufficient additional funding be allocated from the regular budget of the United Nations to enable the Committee to fully discharge its mandate;", "Urges all States parties to the Convention to take into account the principles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights [7] and article 5 of the Convention, and to intensify their efforts to fulfil their obligations under article IV of the Convention;", "Recalls the Committee's view that the prohibition of the dissemination of ideas based on racial superiority or hatred is in line with the right to freedom of opinion and expression as set out in article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and article 5 of the Convention;", "Welcomes the work of the Committee in the follow-up to the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance to combat racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, and welcomes the measures recommended to strengthen the implementation of the Convention and the functioning of the Committee;", "Calls upon Member States to make every effort to ensure that initiatives to respond to the current financial and economic crisis do not lead to increased poverty and development and, consequently, to the rise in racist, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance against foreigners, migrants, persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities worldwide;", "Reaffirms that the practice of denying citizenship on grounds of race or blood is contrary to the State party's obligation to ensure the right to nationality without discrimination;", "Follow-up to the visit of the Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance", "Takes note of the report of the Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, and [8] encourages relevant stakeholders to consider implementing the recommendations contained therein;", "Welcomes Human Rights Council resolution 16/33 of 25 March 2011, in which the Council decided to extend the mandate of the Special Rapporteur for a period of three years;", "Reiterates its call upon all Member States, intergovernmental organizations, relevant organizations of the United Nations system and non-governmental organizations to cooperate fully with the Special Rapporteur, and calls upon States to consider responding favourably to the Special Rapporteur's visit requests so that the Special Rapporteur can fully and effectively discharge his mandate;", "Reaffirms that any form of condonment by public authorities for crimes motivated by racist and xenophobic attitudes can lead to the weakening of the rule of law and democracy and may encourage such crimes to be repeated;", "Stresses the obligation of States, in accordance with international law, to refrain from acts motivated by racist or xenophobic attitudes, committed against migrants, investigating such crimes and punishing perpetrators, otherwise in violation of and damaging the enjoyment by victims of human rights and fundamental freedoms; and urges States to strengthen measures in this regard;", "Acknowledges with deep concern the rise in anti-Semitism, Christianism and Islamophobia around the world and the emergence of racial and violent movements targeting Arabs, Christians, Jews and Muslim groups and all religious communities, Afro-descendants, Asian communities, indigenous communities and other ethnic groups based on racist and discriminatory ideas;", "Calls upon the State party to implement fully existing legislation and other measures to ensure non-discrimination by Afro-descendants, and in this regard stresses the importance of supporting the International Year of Afro-descendant Activities adopted at the sixty-fifth session of the General Assembly [10];", "Requests the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to continue to provide advisory services and technical assistance to States, upon request, to enable them to fully implement the recommendations of the Special Rapporteur;", "Requests the Secretary-General to provide the Special Rapporteur with all necessary human and financial support in order to fulfil his mandate efficiently and efficiently and to enable him to submit a report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session;", "Requests the Special Rapporteur to continue to pay special attention, within his mandate, to the negative impact of acts of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance on the full enjoyment of civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights;", "Invites Member States, in cooperation with national and international sporting organizations, to commit themselves more resolutely to combating racism in sports by carrying out educational and awareness-raising activities and strongly condemning perpetrators of racist events;", "Recommends that States make extensive efforts to eliminate racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance and promote respect for cultural, ethnic and religious diversity, and, in this regard, emphasizes the important role of education, including human rights education, training and learning, and awareness-raising measures, which contribute to building a society of tolerance or ensuring mutual understanding in such societies;", "Also recommends that States pay due attention and monitor closely the debate around the concept of national, cultural and religious identity in society in order to prevent artificial differences between the tools;", "Expresses concern at the recent significant trend in the perception of migration as a problem and a threat to social cohesion, and in this context notes the many human rights challenges in the field of combating racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance;", "Recommends that States conduct human rights training for law enforcement officials, in particular immigration officers and border police, including challenges of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance faced by migrants, refugees and asylum-seekers, so that law enforcement officials can act in accordance with international human rights law;", "Also recommends that States collect disaggregated data in order to formulate appropriate anti-racial legislation and policies and monitor their effectiveness, and follow key principles, including self-identification, privacy, and guarantee the consent of the individuals concerned in the formulation and implementation process and involve all relevant groups;", "Outcome of the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance, 2009 Durban Review Conference and the tenth anniversary of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action, 2011", "Reaffirms that, in accordance with General Assembly resolution 50/227 of 24 May 1996, the General Assembly is the highest intergovernmental mechanism for the development and evaluation of policies in the economic, social and related fields, and that the Assembly, together with the Human Rights Council, constitutes the full implementation and follow-up to the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action,1 intergovernmental processes to combat racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance;", "Welcomes the political declaration of the high-level meeting of the General Assembly to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the adoption of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action, [11] the purpose of which is to mobilize political will at the national, regional and international levels;", "Reaffirms its political commitment to the full and effective implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action, the Durban Review Conference Outcome 3 and its follow-up process to combat racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance;", "Calls upon all States that have not yet done so to adhere to their commitments at the 2001 World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance;", "Calls upon all States to develop and implement, without delay, policies and action plans at the national, regional and international levels to combat racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, including their gender-based manifestations;", "Urges States to support the activities of existing institutions or centres against racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance in all regions, and recommends the establishment of such institutions in all regions where such institutions are not yet available;", "Calls upon States that have not yet done so to consider signing, ratifying or acceding to the instruments listed in paragraph 78 of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action;", "Emphasizes that national human rights institutions, regional bodies or centres and civil society work together with States to eliminate all forms of racism, in particular in the pursuit of the goals set out in the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action;", "Acknowledges the fundamental role of civil society in the fight against racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, in particular in assisting States in the development of legislation and strategies, measures and actions to address these forms of discrimination and in their follow-up implementation;", "Reaffirms its determination to eliminate all forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and other forms of related intolerance against indigenous peoples, and, in this regard, takes note of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples [the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples] 12] Consider the goal of eliminating prejudice and eliminating discrimination and promoting tolerance, understanding and good relations between indigenous peoples and other groups of society;", "Acknowledges that the 2001 World Conference, also the Third World Conference against Racism, differs significantly from the previous two World Conferences, as reflected in two important aspects of contemporary forms of racism, namely xenophobia and related intolerance;", "Also recognizes that the outcomes of the World Conference and the Durban Review Conference are equal to the outcomes of the major United Nations conferences, summits and special sessions in the field of human rights;", "Emphasizes the importance of enhancing public support for the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action and the participation of relevant stakeholders in the implementation process;", "Requests the Department of Public Information to prepare, within existing resources, a consolidated publication to compile and disseminate the political declaration on the tenth anniversary of the adoption of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action and the outcome document of the Durban Review Conference, with a view to increasing the level of support and understanding of these documents worldwide and to develop a programme to expand their impact through advocacy activities at all levels;", "Calls upon Member States and the United Nations system to intensify their efforts to disseminate the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action widely, and encourages efforts to ensure that the instrument is translated and widely disseminated;", "Welcomes the adoption by the States members of the Caribbean Community and other Member States of the welcome initiative to establish a permanent monument for victims of slavery and the transatlantic slave trade in the United Nations, which, in their view, contributes to the implementation of paragraph 101 of the Durban Declaration, expresses its appreciation to the States concerned for their contributions to the voluntary fund established for that purpose, and urges other States to contribute to the Fund;", "Takes note of the work undertaken by the mechanisms responsible for the follow-up to the outcomes of the World Conference and the Durban Review Conference, and stresses the importance of improving their effectiveness;", "Calls upon the Human Rights Council to ensure that these recommendations are brought to the attention of the relevant United Nations bodies and are adopted and implemented within their respective mandates, after consideration and adoption of the conclusions and recommendations of the Intergovernmental Working Group on the effective implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action (5, 6);", "Encourages the Working Group of Experts on Afro-descendants to prepare, at its tenth session, a programme of action, including a theme for adoption by the Human Rights Council, on the basis of recommendation [13] to declare the Decade of Afro-descendants beginning in 2013;", "Encourages the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to continue to mainstream the implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action and the outcome documents of the Durban Review Conference throughout the United Nations system and to provide the Council with updated information in accordance with paragraphs 136 and 137 of the outcome document calling for the establishment of an inter-agency task force;", "Acknowledges the central role played by the mobilization of resources in accordance with paragraphs 157 and 158 of the Durban Programme of Action, the establishment of an effective global partnership and international cooperation in the successful implementation of the commitments made at the World Conference, and notes the mandate of the Independent Eminent Group of Experts on the Implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action, in particular the mobilization of the necessary political will to successfully implement the mandates of the Declaration and Programme of Action;", "Requests the Secretary-General to provide the necessary resources for the effective implementation of the mandate of the Intergovernmental Working Group on the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action, the Working Group of Experts on Afro-descendants, the Independent Group of Experts on the Implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action and the Ad Hoc Committee on Complementary Standards;", "Expresses concern at the increasing number of racist events in various sports activities, and notes with appreciation the efforts made by some sporting bodies to eliminate racism, and in this regard invites all international sport institutions to promote a world free of racism and racial discrimination through their national, regional and international associations;", "Expresses grave concern at previous and recent racist incidents in sports and sports, and, in this regard, welcomes the efforts of the sports administration to eliminate racism, including through the adoption of anti-racism initiatives and the development and implementation of disciplinary codes and the imposition of penalties for racist acts;", "Expresses its appreciation, in this regard, for the initiative of the International Fédération for the launch of a so-called theme of free ethnic origin, and invites the FIA to continue to advance this initiative at the World Cup in 2014, to be held in Brazil;", "Calls upon States to use mass sports activities as valuable outreach platforms to mobilize people and convey important messages on equality and non-discrimination;", "Acknowledges the guidance and leadership of the Human Rights Council and encourages the Human Rights Council to continue to monitor the implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action, and requests the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to continue to provide all necessary support to the Human Rights Council in achieving its objectives in combating racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance;", "Follow-up activities", "Reiterates its recommendation that the Human Rights Council and its relevant mechanisms convene future meetings focused on the follow-up to the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance and the implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action,1 at a time frame, to facilitate the wide participation of all parties in order to avoid overlap with the sessions of the General Assembly devoted to the consideration of the item;", "Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session a report on the implementation of the present resolution and make recommendations;", "Decides to continue consideration of this important matter at its sixty-seventh session under the item entitled “Elimination of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance”.", "19 December 2011", "89th plenary meeting", "See A/CONF.189/12 and Corr.1, chap.", "See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-second Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/62/53), chap. II, sect.", "[3] See A/CONF.211/8, chap.", "[4] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 660, No. 9464.", "[5] See A/HRC/13/60.", "[6] See A/HRC/16/64.", "[7] Resolution 217A (III).", "[8] See A/63/312 and A/63/313.", "[9] See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/64/53), chap. II, sect.", "[10] See resolution 65/36.", "[11] See resolution 66/3.", "[12] Resolution 61/295, annex.", "[13] See A/HRC/18/45, sect." ]