alecocc/ontonotes5-pii-med · Datasets at Hugging Face

tokens listlengths 1 107	ner_tags listlengths 1 107	source_text stringlengths 3 678
[ "``", "Let", "'s", "not", "forget", "this", "is", "the", "same", "company", "that", "has", "been", "profiteering", "with", "this", "drug", "for", "2", "1/2", "years", ",", "''", "Mr.", "Weiss", "added", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "I-DATE", "I-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "O", "O" ]	`` Let 's not forget this is the same company that has been profiteering with this drug for 2 1/2 years , '' Mr. Weiss added .
[ "Mrs.", "Glaser", ",", "who", "is", "a", "co-founder", "of", "the", "Pediatric", "AIDS", "Foundation", ",", "based", "in", "Santa", "Monica", ",", "Calif.", ",", "condemned", "neither", "bureaucratic", "nor", "corporate", "foot", "-", "dragging", "." ]	[ "O", "B-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "B-GPE", "I-GPE", "O", "B-GPE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Mrs. Glaser , who is a co-founder of the Pediatric AIDS Foundation , based in Santa Monica , Calif. , condemned neither bureaucratic nor corporate foot - dragging .
[ "``", "The", "crucial", "thing", "is", "that", "we", "learn", "our", "lesson", "well", ",", "and", "to", "make", "sure", "other", "experimental", "drugs", ",", "like", "Bristol", "-", "Myers", "Co.", "'s", "DDI", ",", "do", "n't", "follow", "the", "same", "frustrating", "course", "as", "AZT", ".", "''" ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	`` The crucial thing is that we learn our lesson well , and to make sure other experimental drugs , like Bristol - Myers Co. 's DDI , do n't follow the same frustrating course as AZT . ''
[ "``", "It", "'s", "impossible", "to", "overstate", "how", "much", "this", "means", "to", "the", "families", "of", "these", "patients", ",", "''", "said", "Samuel", "Broder", ",", "director", "of", "the", "National", "Cancer", "Institute", "and", "a", "main", "developer", "of", "AZT", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "I-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	`` It 's impossible to overstate how much this means to the families of these patients , '' said Samuel Broder , director of the National Cancer Institute and a main developer of AZT .
[ "The", "chamber", "voted", "231", "-", "191", ",", "51", "votes", "short", "of", "the", "two", "-", "thirds", "majority", "needed", "to", "overturn", "the", "president", "'s", "veto", "of", "legislation", "renewing", "support", "of", "Medicaid", "abortions", "for", "poor", "women", "who", "are", "victims", "of", "rape", "and", "incest", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	The chamber voted 231 - 191 , 51 votes short of the two - thirds majority needed to overturn the president 's veto of legislation renewing support of Medicaid abortions for poor women who are victims of rape and incest .
[ "Michigan", "'s", "Senate", "passed", "a", "bill", "requiring", "girls", "to", "get", "parental", "consent", "for", "an", "abortion", "and", "Pennsylvania", "'s", "House", "cleared", "a", "measure", "banning", "abortions", "after", "the", "24th", "week", "of", "pregnancy", "." ]	[ "B-GPE", "O", "B-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GPE", "O", "B-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "I-DATE", "I-DATE", "O", "O", "O" ]	Michigan 's Senate passed a bill requiring girls to get parental consent for an abortion and Pennsylvania 's House cleared a measure banning abortions after the 24th week of pregnancy .
[ "The", "FDA", "is", "expected", "to", "approve", "today", "a", "program", "granting", "access", "free", "of", "charge", "to", "the", "drug", "AZT", "for", "children", "with", "AIDS", "." ]	[ "O", "B-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	The FDA is expected to approve today a program granting access free of charge to the drug AZT for children with AIDS .
[ "Adults", "have", "had", "access", "to", "the", "only", "approved", "antiviral", "drug", "since", "1987", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "O" ]	Adults have had access to the only approved antiviral drug since 1987 .
[ "Research", "shows", "AZT", "can", "relieve", "dementia", "and", "other", "symptoms", "in", "children", ",", "1,859", "of", "whom", "are", "known", "to", "have", "been", "infected", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Research shows AZT can relieve dementia and other symptoms in children , 1,859 of whom are known to have been infected .
[ "Marion", "Harper", ",", "73", ",", "founder", "and", "ex-chief", "executive", "of", "Interpublic", "Group", "of", "Cos.", ",", "in", "Oklahoma", "City", ",", "of", "a", "heart", "attack", "." ]	[ "B-PERSON", "I-PERSON", "O", "B-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "O", "O", "B-GPE", "I-GPE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Marion Harper , 73 , founder and ex-chief executive of Interpublic Group of Cos. , in Oklahoma City , of a heart attack .
[ "The", "current", "decline", "in", "failures", "continues", "a", "trend", "begun", "in", "late", "1987", ",", "D&B", "said", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "I-DATE", "O", "B-ORG", "O", "O" ]	The current decline in failures continues a trend begun in late 1987 , D&B said .
[ "Failures", "in", "seven", "of", "nine", "regional", "areas", "fell", "more", "than", "10", "%", "in", "the", "nine", "months", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "B-PERCENT", "I-PERCENT", "I-PERCENT", "I-PERCENT", "O", "B-DATE", "I-DATE", "I-DATE", "O" ]	Failures in seven of nine regional areas fell more than 10 % in the nine months .
[ "The", "clinical", "testing", "services", "holding", "company", "is", "based", "in", "San", "Juan", "Capistrano", ",", "Calif", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GPE", "I-GPE", "I-GPE", "O", "B-GPE", "O" ]	The clinical testing services holding company is based in San Juan Capistrano , Calif .
[ "Of", "the", "4,348", "issues", "that", "changed", "hands", ",", "1,074", "advanced", "and", "866", "declined", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O" ]	Of the 4,348 issues that changed hands , 1,074 advanced and 866 declined .
[ "The", "1988", "results", "included", "a", "one", "-", "time", "gain", "." ]	[ "O", "B-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	The 1988 results included a one - time gain .
[ "Collagen", "dropped", "2", "5/8", "to", "15", "5/8", "on", "428,000", "shares", "." ]	[ "B-ORG", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O" ]	Collagen dropped 2 5/8 to 15 5/8 on 428,000 shares .
[ "In", "its", "fiscal", "-", "first", "quarter", "ended", "Sept.", "30", ",", "the", "biomedical", "-", "products", "maker", "earned", "10", "cents", "a", "share", ",", "up", "from", "eight", "cents", "a", "share", "in", "the", "1988", "quarter", ",", "which", "included", "an", "extraordinary", "credit", "." ]	[ "O", "B-DATE", "I-DATE", "I-DATE", "I-DATE", "I-DATE", "I-DATE", "I-DATE", "I-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-MONEY", "I-MONEY", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-MONEY", "I-MONEY", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "I-DATE", "I-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	In its fiscal - first quarter ended Sept. 30 , the biomedical - products maker earned 10 cents a share , up from eight cents a share in the 1988 quarter , which included an extraordinary credit .
[ "Occupational", "-", "Urgent", "Care", "Health", "fell", "1", "3/4", "to", "15", "1/2", "on", "354,000", "shares", "." ]	[ "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O" ]	Occupational - Urgent Care Health fell 1 3/4 to 15 1/2 on 354,000 shares .
[ "Nine", "states", "have", "introduced", "bills", "requiring", "that", "workers", "and", "customers", "be", "made", "aware", "of", "monitoring", "." ]	[ "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Nine states have introduced bills requiring that workers and customers be made aware of monitoring .
[ "And", "in", "the", "past", ",", "Congress", "has", "viewed", "monitoring", "as", "an", "issue", "best", "handled", "in", "union", "negotiations", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	And in the past , Congress has viewed monitoring as an issue best handled in union negotiations .
[ "The", "Beebes", "alleged", "that", "toxic", "fumes", "from", "the", "carpets", "made", "them", "sick", "." ]	[ "O", "B-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	The Beebes alleged that toxic fumes from the carpets made them sick .
[ "As", "a", "result", "of", "their", "illness", ",", "the", "Beebes", "said", ",", "they", "lost", "$", "1.8", "million", "in", "wages", "and", "earnings", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-MONEY", "I-MONEY", "I-MONEY", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	As a result of their illness , the Beebes said , they lost $ 1.8 million in wages and earnings .
[ "Anthony", "J.", "Iaciofano", ",", "a", "lawyer", "for", "Burlington", ",", "said", "the", "company", "believes", "the", "Beebes", "'", "symptoms", "were", "not", "related", "to", "the", "carpeting", "." ]	[ "B-PERSON", "I-PERSON", "I-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Anthony J. Iaciofano , a lawyer for Burlington , said the company believes the Beebes ' symptoms were not related to the carpeting .
[ "He", "said", "that", "ill", "effects", "from", "new", "carpets", "manifest", "themselves", "immediately", "but", "that", "the", "Beebes", "'", "symptoms", "appeared", "months", "later", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "I-DATE", "O" ]	He said that ill effects from new carpets manifest themselves immediately but that the Beebes ' symptoms appeared months later .
[ "Scientists", "are", "only", "beginning", "to", "understand", "what", "causes", "sick", "-", "building", "syndrome", "and", "much", "of", "that", "research", "was", "unavailable", "when", "the", "Beebes", "filed", "the", "case", ",", "she", "said", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Scientists are only beginning to understand what causes sick - building syndrome and much of that research was unavailable when the Beebes filed the case , she said .
[ "The", "Beebes", "now", "believe", "that", "a", "prime", "culprit", "for", "their", "injuries", "was", "fumes", "from", "an", "adhesive", "used", "in", "the", "carpeting", "." ]	[ "O", "B-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	The Beebes now believe that a prime culprit for their injuries was fumes from an adhesive used in the carpeting .
[ "Supposedly", "the", "IRS", "will", "sell", "off", "the", "assets", "of", "MPI", ",", "but", "before", "it", "can", ",", "a", "lowly", "IRS", "agent", "is", "called", "into", "the", "hospital", "room", "of", "Wylie", "Slaughter", ",", "the", "dying", "head", "of", "the", "Central", "Intelligence", "Agency", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "B-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "I-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "O" ]	Supposedly the IRS will sell off the assets of MPI , but before it can , a lowly IRS agent is called into the hospital room of Wylie Slaughter , the dying head of the Central Intelligence Agency .
[ "Honecker", ",", "who", "was", "reported", "ill", "following", "gall", "-", "bladder", "surgery", "in", "August", ",", "said", "he", "was", "resigning", "for", "health", "reasons", "." ]	[ "B-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Honecker , who was reported ill following gall - bladder surgery in August , said he was resigning for health reasons .
[ "Major", "injuries", "were", "n't", "reported", "at", "Candlestick", "Park", ",", "where", "the", "third", "game", "of", "baseball", "'s", "World", "Series", "was", "canceled", "and", "fans", "evacuated", "from", "the", "stadium", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Major injuries were n't reported at Candlestick Park , where the third game of baseball 's World Series was canceled and fans evacuated from the stadium .
[ "The", "World", "Psychiatric", "Association", "voted", "at", "an", "Athens", "parley", "to", "conditionally", "readmit", "the", "Soviet", "Union", "." ]	[ "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "B-GPE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GPE", "I-GPE", "I-GPE", "O" ]	The World Psychiatric Association voted at an Athens parley to conditionally readmit the Soviet Union .
[ "Moscow", ",", "which", "left", "the", "group", "in", "1983", "to", "avoid", "explusion", "over", "allegations", "that", "political", "dissidents", "were", "being", "certified", "as", "insane", ",", "could", "be", "suspended", "if", "the", "misuse", "of", "psychiatry", "against", "dissenters", "is", "discovered", "during", "a", "review", "within", "a", "year", "." ]	[ "B-GPE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "I-DATE", "O" ]	Moscow , which left the group in 1983 to avoid explusion over allegations that political dissidents were being certified as insane , could be suspended if the misuse of psychiatry against dissenters is discovered during a review within a year .
[ "Federal", "researchers", "said", "lung", "-", "cancer", "mortality", "rates", "for", "people", "under", "45", "years", "of", "age", "have", "begun", "to", "decline", ",", "particularly", "for", "white", "males", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "I-DATE", "I-DATE", "I-DATE", "I-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Federal researchers said lung - cancer mortality rates for people under 45 years of age have begun to decline , particularly for white males .
[ "The", "National", "Cancer", "Institute", "also", "projected", "that", "overall", "U.S.", "mortality", "rates", "from", "lung", "cancer", "should", "begin", "to", "drop", "in", "several", "years", "if", "cigarette", "smoking", "continues", "to", "abate", "." ]	[ "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GPE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "I-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	The National Cancer Institute also projected that overall U.S. mortality rates from lung cancer should begin to drop in several years if cigarette smoking continues to abate .
[ "Those", "obsolete", "operations", "cost", "less", "than", "$", "2", "billion", "a", "year", ",", "and", "keep", "Mac", "'s", "ghost", "quiet", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-MONEY", "I-MONEY", "I-MONEY", "I-MONEY", "I-MONEY", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Those obsolete operations cost less than $ 2 billion a year , and keep Mac 's ghost quiet .
[ "Died", ":", "Rudolf", "von", "Bennigsen", "-", "Foerder", ",", "63", ",", "chairman", "of", "Veba", "AG", "of", "West", "Germany", ",", "in", "Duesseldorf", ",", "of", "pneumonia", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "I-PERSON", "I-PERSON", "I-PERSON", "I-PERSON", "O", "B-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "O", "B-GPE", "I-GPE", "O", "O", "B-GPE", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Died : Rudolf von Bennigsen - Foerder , 63 , chairman of Veba AG of West Germany , in Duesseldorf , of pneumonia .
[ "The", "moisturizer", ",", "introduced", "in", "1962", ",", "had", "a", "dowdy", "image", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	The moisturizer , introduced in 1962 , had a dowdy image .
[ "Ever", "since", "the", "link", "to", "cholesterol", "was", "disclosed", ",", "Americans", "have", "begun", "scarfing", "up", "psyllium", "in", "their", "breakfast", "cereals", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-NORP", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Ever since the link to cholesterol was disclosed , Americans have begun scarfing up psyllium in their breakfast cereals .
[ "Whether", "psyllium", "makes", "Sidhpur", "'s", "fortune", "depends", "on", "cholesterol", "-", "fearing", "Americans", ",", "the", "U.S.", "Food", "and", "Drug", "Administration", "and", ",", "of", "course", ",", "the", "outcome", "of", "further", "research", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "B-GPE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-NORP", "O", "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Whether psyllium makes Sidhpur 's fortune depends on cholesterol - fearing Americans , the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and , of course , the outcome of further research .
[ "A", "prominent", "businessman", "in", "Bombay", "gives", "a", "similar", "testimonial", ":", "``", "I", "have", "been", "taking", "it", "daily", "since", "1961", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GPE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "O", "B-DATE", "O" ]	A prominent businessman in Bombay gives a similar testimonial : `` I have been taking it daily since 1961 .
[ "For", "decades", ",", "psyllium", "husk", "has", "been", "the", "main", "ingredient", "in", "such", "laxatives", "as", "Procter", "&", "Gamble", "Co.", "'s", "Metamucil", ",", "the", "top", "-", "selling", "brand", "in", "the", "U.S.", ",", "and", "Ciba", "-", "Geigy", "Corp.", "'s", "Fiberall", "." ]	[ "O", "B-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GPE", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "O", "O" ]	For decades , psyllium husk has been the main ingredient in such laxatives as Procter & Gamble Co. 's Metamucil , the top - selling brand in the U.S. , and Ciba - Geigy Corp. 's Fiberall .
[ "One", "of", "the", "studies", ",", "done", "at", "the", "University", "of", "Minnesota", ",", "tested", "75", "people", "with", "raised", "cholesterol", "levels", "." ]	[ "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	One of the studies , done at the University of Minnesota , tested 75 people with raised cholesterol levels .
[ "After", "16", "weeks", ",", "the", "group", "that", "took", "three", "daily", "teaspoons", "of", "Metamucil", "saw", "a", "significant", "dip", "in", "their", "general", "cholesterol", "levels", ",", "and", "an", "even", "larger", "reduction", "in", "levels", "of", "low", "-", "density", "lipoproteins", ",", "the", "so", "-", "called", "bad", "cholesterol", "." ]	[ "O", "B-DATE", "I-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "B-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	After 16 weeks , the group that took three daily teaspoons of Metamucil saw a significant dip in their general cholesterol levels , and an even larger reduction in levels of low - density lipoproteins , the so - called bad cholesterol .
[ "In", "late", "1987", ",", "P&G", "asked", "the", "FDA", "for", "approval", "to", "market", "Metamucil", "as", "the", "first", "non-prescription", ",", "cholesterol", "-", "lowering", "product", "in", "the" ]	[ "O", "O", "B-DATE", "O", "B-ORG", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	In late 1987 , P&G asked the FDA for approval to market Metamucil as the first non-prescription , cholesterol - lowering product in the
[ "In", "April", ",", "the", "psyllium", "bandwagon", "got", "more", "crowded", "." ]	[ "O", "B-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	In April , the psyllium bandwagon got more crowded .
[ "This", "month", ",", "the", "Food", "and", "Drug", "Administration", "expressed", "concern", "that", "Americans", "might", "someday", ",", "in", "various", "forms", ",", "ingest", "too", "much", "psyllium", "." ]	[ "B-DATE", "I-DATE", "O", "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "B-NORP", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	This month , the Food and Drug Administration expressed concern that Americans might someday , in various forms , ingest too much psyllium .
[ "It", "also", "ordered", "P&G", "to", "produce", "more", "studies", "to", "buttress", "its", "claims", "that", "Metamucil", "can", "lower", "cholesterol", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	It also ordered P&G to produce more studies to buttress its claims that Metamucil can lower cholesterol .
[ "If", "the", "FDA", "approves", "the", "new", "uses", "of", "psyllium", ",", "other", "companies", "are", "expected", "to", "rush", "to", "market", "with", "psyllium", "products", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "B-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	If the FDA approves the new uses of psyllium , other companies are expected to rush to market with psyllium products .
[ "They", "only", "know", "of", "one", "use", "for", "the", "crop", ",", "as", "a", "laxative", ",", "and", "with", "psyllium", "prices", "currently", "languishing", "in", "the", "wake", "of", "a", "bumper", "crop", ",", "they", "think", "of", "the", "seed", "as", "a", "marginal", "crop", ",", "something", "to", "grow", "between", "summer", "wheat", "crops", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "O", "O", "O" ]	They only know of one use for the crop , as a laxative , and with psyllium prices currently languishing in the wake of a bumper crop , they think of the seed as a marginal crop , something to grow between summer wheat crops .
[ "The", "staff", "brags", "about", "psyllium", "'s", "hefty", "contribution", "to", "American", "regularity", ",", "without", "quite", "grasping", "the", "implications", "of", "the", "research", "on", "cholesterol", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-NORP", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	The staff brags about psyllium 's hefty contribution to American regularity , without quite grasping the implications of the research on cholesterol .
[ "They", "want", "psyllium", "prices", "low", "for", "their", "purchases", "next", "year", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "I-DATE", "O" ]	They want psyllium prices low for their purchases next year .
[ "That", "produced", "little", "reaction", "from", "his", "boss", ",", "reinforcing", "speculation", "the", "government", "would", "use", "its", "two", "conditions", "as", "a", "pretext", "for", "avoiding", "full", "EMS", "membership", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "O", "O" ]	That produced little reaction from his boss , reinforcing speculation the government would use its two conditions as a pretext for avoiding full EMS membership .
[ "Despite", "the", "departure", "of", "Mr.", "Lawson", "and", "Sir", "Alan", ",", "the", "tug", "-", "of", "-", "war", "over", "the", "EMS", "could", "continue", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "O", "O", "O" ]	Despite the departure of Mr. Lawson and Sir Alan , the tug - of - war over the EMS could continue .
[ "FAR", "FEWER", "elderly", "nursing", "home", "residents", "bankrupt", "themselves", "than", "was", "previously", "believed", ",", "two", "recent", "studies", "declare", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	FAR FEWER elderly nursing home residents bankrupt themselves than was previously believed , two recent studies declare .
[ "Conventional", "wisdom", "has", "long", "held", "that", "anywhere", "from", "one", "-", "fourth", "to", "one", "-", "half", "of", "all", "elderly", "long", "-", "term", "care", "patients", "are", "obliged", "to", "spend", "themselves", "into", "poverty", "before", "qualifying", "for", "Medicaid", "assistance", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "O", "O" ]	Conventional wisdom has long held that anywhere from one - fourth to one - half of all elderly long - term care patients are obliged to spend themselves into poverty before qualifying for Medicaid assistance .
[ "But", "separate", "reports", "from", "Joshua", "Weiner", "and", "Denise", "Spence", "of", "the", "Brookings", "Institution", "and", "Korbin", "Liu", "of", "the", "Urban", "Institute", "find", "that", "``", "a", "surprisingly", "small", "proportion", "''", "--", "only", "about", "10", "%", "--", "of", "residents", "start", "out", "as", "private", "payers", "but", "``", "spend", "down", "''", "to", "Medicaid", "levels", "in", "a", "single", "nursing", "home", "stay", "before", "they", "die", "or", "are", "discharged", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "I-PERSON", "O", "B-PERSON", "I-PERSON", "O", "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "O", "B-PERSON", "I-PERSON", "O", "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PERCENT", "I-PERCENT", "I-PERCENT", "I-PERCENT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	But separate reports from Joshua Weiner and Denise Spence of the Brookings Institution and Korbin Liu of the Urban Institute find that `` a surprisingly small proportion '' -- only about 10 % -- of residents start out as private payers but `` spend down '' to Medicaid levels in a single nursing home stay before they die or are discharged .
[ "-LRB-", "Another", "one", "-", "third", "are", "already", "on", "Medicaid", "when", "they", "enter", "the", "nursing", "homes", ",", "a", "considerably", "higher", "proportion", "than", "the", "analysts", "anticipated", ".", "-RRB-" ]	[ "O", "B-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	-LRB- Another one - third are already on Medicaid when they enter the nursing homes , a considerably higher proportion than the analysts anticipated . -RRB-
[ "But", "a", "remarkably", "high", "percentage", "--", "over", "half", "--", "are", "private", "payers", "throughout", "their", "stay", ",", "even", "a", "fairly", "lengthy", "one", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	But a remarkably high percentage -- over half -- are private payers throughout their stay , even a fairly lengthy one .
[ "About", "one", "-", "third", "pay", "out", "of", "their", "own", "pockets", ",", "while", "the", "rest", "are", "covered", "throughout", "by", "Medicare", ",", "private", "insurers", "or", "the", "Veterans", "Administration", "." ]	[ "B-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "O" ]	About one - third pay out of their own pockets , while the rest are covered throughout by Medicare , private insurers or the Veterans Administration .
[ "Both", "reports", "are", "based", "on", "several", "thousand", "patients", "sampled", "in", "a", "1985", "nationwide", "government", "survey", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Both reports are based on several thousand patients sampled in a 1985 nationwide government survey .
[ "The", "Brookings", "and", "Urban", "Institute", "authors", "caution", ",", "however", ",", "that", "most", "nursing", "home", "stays", "are", "of", "comparatively", "short", "duration", ",", "and", "reaching", "the", "Medicaid", "level", "is", "more", "likely", "with", "an", "unusually", "long", "stay", "or", "repeated", "stays", "." ]	[ "O", "B-ORG", "O", "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	The Brookings and Urban Institute authors caution , however , that most nursing home stays are of comparatively short duration , and reaching the Medicaid level is more likely with an unusually long stay or repeated stays .
[ "But", "he", "refused", ",", "claiming", "that", "he", "wanted", "to", "see", "what", "happened", "Monday", "morning", "before", "making", "any", "public", "statement", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "B-TIME", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	But he refused , claiming that he wanted to see what happened Monday morning before making any public statement .
[ "Here", "are", "two", "cases", "to", "illustrate", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Here are two cases to illustrate .
[ "Scientists", "say", "the", "discovery", "of", "these", "genes", "in", "recent", "months", "is", "painting", "a", "new", "and", "startling", "picture", "of", "how", "cancer", "develops", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "I-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops .
[ "Already", ",", "scientists", "are", "developing", "tests", "based", "on", "the", "newly", "identified", "genes", "that", ",", "for", "the", "first", "time", ",", "can", "predict", "whether", "an", "otherwise", "healthy", "individual", "is", "likely", "to", "get", "cancer", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Already , scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that , for the first time , can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer .
[ "``", "It", "'s", "a", "super-exciting", "set", "of", "discoveries", ",", "''", "says", "Bert", "Vogelstein", ",", "a", "Johns", "Hopkins", "University", "researcher", "who", "has", "just", "found", "a", "gene", "pivotal", "to", "the", "triggering", "of", "colon", "cancer", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "I-PERSON", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	`` It 's a super-exciting set of discoveries , '' says Bert Vogelstein , a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer .
[ "``", "Only", "a", "decade", "ago", "cancer", "was", "a", "black", "box", "about", "which", "we", "knew", "nothing", "at", "the", "molecular", "level", "." ]	[ "O", "B-DATE", "I-DATE", "I-DATE", "I-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	`` Only a decade ago cancer was a black box about which we knew nothing at the molecular level .
[ "Today", ",", "we", "know", "that", "the", "accumulation", "of", "several", "of", "these", "altered", "genes", "can", "initiate", "a", "cancer", "and", ",", "then", ",", "propel", "it", "into", "a", "deadly", "state", ".", "''" ]	[ "B-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Today , we know that the accumulation of several of these altered genes can initiate a cancer and , then , propel it into a deadly state . ''
[ "In", "recent", "months", ",", "researchers", "have", "come", "to", "believe", "the", "two", "types", "of", "cancer", "genes", "work", "in", "concert", ":", "An", "oncogene", "may", "turn", "proliferating", "cells", "malignant", "only", "after", "the", "tumor", "-", "suppressor", "gene", "has", "been", "damaged", "." ]	[ "O", "B-DATE", "I-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	In recent months , researchers have come to believe the two types of cancer genes work in concert : An oncogene may turn proliferating cells malignant only after the tumor - suppressor gene has been damaged .
[ "A", "person", "who", "is", "born", "with", "one", "defective", "copy", "of", "a", "suppressor", "gene", ",", "or", "in", "whom", "one", "copy", "is", "damaged", "early", "in", "life", ",", "is", "especially", "prone", "to", "cancer", "because", "he", "need", "only", "lose", "the", "other", "copy", "for", "a", "cancer", "to", "develop", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene , or in whom one copy is damaged early in life , is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop .
[ "Bill", "and", "Bonnie", "Quinlan", "are", "among", "the", "first", "beneficiaries", "of", "the", "new", "findings", "." ]	[ "B-PERSON", "O", "B-PERSON", "I-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings .
[ "The", "Dedham", ",", "Mass.", ",", "couple", "knew", "even", "before", "Bonnie", "became", "pregnant", "in", "1987", "that", "any", "child", "of", "theirs", "had", "a", "50", "%", "chance", "of", "being", "at", "risk", "for", "retinoblastoma", ",", "an", "eye", "cancer", "that", "occurs", "about", "once", "every", "20,000", "births", "." ]	[ "O", "B-GPE", "O", "B-GPE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PERCENT", "I-PERCENT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O" ]	The Dedham , Mass. , couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50 % chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma , an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births .
[ "Mr.", "Quinlan", ",", "30", "years", "old", ",", "knew", "he", "carried", "a", "damaged", "gene", ",", "having", "lost", "an", "eye", "to", "the", "rare", "tumor", "when", "he", "was", "only", "two", "months", "old", "--", "after", "his", "mother", "had", "suffered", "the", "same", "fate", "when", "she", "was", "a", "baby", "." ]	[ "O", "B-PERSON", "O", "B-DATE", "I-DATE", "I-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "I-DATE", "I-DATE", "I-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Mr. Quinlan , 30 years old , knew he carried a damaged gene , having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby .
[ "Because", "of", "the", "isolation", "of", "the", "retinoblastoma", "tumor", "-", "suppressor", "gene", ",", "it", "became", "possible", "last", "January", "to", "find", "out", "what", "threat", "the", "Quinlan", "baby", "faced", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "I-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "O", "O", "O" ]	Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor - suppressor gene , it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced .
[ "A", "test", "using", "new", "``", "genetic", "probes", "''", "showed", "that", "little", "Will", "Quinlan", "had", "not", "inherited", "a", "damaged", "retinoblastoma", "supressor", "gene", "and", ",", "therefore", ",", "faced", "no", "more", "risk", "than", "other", "children", "of", "developing", "the", "rare", "cancer", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "I-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	A test using new `` genetic probes '' showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and , therefore , faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer .
[ "This", "test", "was", "the", "first", "to", "predict", "reliably", "whether", "an", "individual", "could", "expect", "to", "develop", "cancer", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer .
[ "Equally", "important", ",", "the", "initial", "discovery", "of", "the", "gene", "that", "controls", "retinal", "cell", "growth", ",", "made", "by", "a", "Boston", "doctor", "named", "Thaddeus", "Dryja", ",", "has", "opened", "a", "field", "of", "cancer", "study", ",", "which", "in", "recent", "months", "has", "exploded", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GPE", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "I-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "I-DATE", "O", "O", "O" ]	Equally important , the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth , made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja , has opened a field of cancer study , which in recent months has exploded .
[ "``", "It", "turns", "out", "that", "studying", "a", "tragic", "but", "uncommon", "tumor", "made", "possible", "some", "fundamental", "insights", "about", "the", "most", "basic", "workings", "of", "cancer", ",", "''", "says", "Samuel", "Broder", ",", "director", "of", "the", "National", "Cancer", "Institute", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "I-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "O" ]	`` It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer , '' says Samuel Broder , director of the National Cancer Institute .
[ "To", "date", ",", "scientists", "have", "fingered", "two", "of", "these", "cancer", "-", "suppressors", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	To date , scientists have fingered two of these cancer - suppressors .
[ "Dr.", "Dryja", "made", "his", "retinoblastoma", "discovery", "in", "1986", "." ]	[ "O", "B-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "O" ]	Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986 .
[ "Then", "last", "spring", ",", "researchers", "reported", "finding", "a", "gene", "called", "p53", "which", ",", "if", "impaired", ",", "turns", "healthy", "colon", "cells", "cancerous", "." ]	[ "O", "B-DATE", "I-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Then last spring , researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which , if impaired , turns healthy colon cells cancerous .
[ "Soon", "after", "that", "report", ",", "two", "other", "research", "teams", "uncovered", "evidence", "that", "the", "same", "damaged", "p53", "gene", "is", "present", "in", "tissue", "from", "lung", "and", "breast", "cancers", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Soon after that report , two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers .
[ "Colon", ",", "lung", "and", "breast", "cancers", "are", "the", "most", "common", "and", "lethal", "forms", "of", "the", "disease", ",", "collectively", "killing", "almost", "200,000", "Americans", "a", "year", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "B-NORP", "O", "O", "O" ]	Colon , lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease , collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year .
[ "Right", "now", "about", "a", "dozen", "laboratories", ",", "in", "the", "U.S.", ",", "Canada", "and", "Britain", ",", "are", "racing", "to", "unmask", "other", "suspected", "tumor", "-", "suppressing", "genes", "." ]	[ "B-TIME", "I-TIME", "B-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GPE", "O", "B-GPE", "O", "B-GPE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Right now about a dozen laboratories , in the U.S. , Canada and Britain , are racing to unmask other suspected tumor - suppressing genes .
[ "The", "story", "of", "tumor", "-", "suppressor", "genes", "goes", "back", "to", "the", "1970s", ",", "when", "a", "pediatrician", "named", "Alfred", "G.", "Knudson", "Jr.", "proposed", "that", "retinoblastoma", "stemmed", "from", "two", "separate", "genetic", "defects", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "I-PERSON", "I-PERSON", "I-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	The story of tumor - suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s , when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects .
[ "Dr.", "Knudson", "found", "that", "some", "children", "with", "the", "eye", "cancer", "had", "inherited", "a", "damaged", "copy", "of", "chromosome", "No.", "13", "from", "a", "parent", "who", "had", "had", "the", "disease", "." ]	[ "O", "B-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease .
[ "Under", "a", "microscope", "he", "could", "actually", "see", "that", "a", "bit", "of", "chromosome", "13", "was", "missing", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O" ]	Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing .
[ "By", "analyzing", "cells", "extracted", "from", "eye", "tumors", ",", "they", "found", "defects", "in", "the", "second", "copy", "of", "chromosome", "13", "in", "the", "exact", "area", "as", "in", "the", "first", "copy", "of", "the", "chromosome", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors , they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome .
[ "It", "was", "the", "first", "time", "anyone", "had", "showed", "that", "the", "loss", "of", "both", "copies", "of", "the", "same", "gene", "could", "lead", "to", "the", "eruption", "of", "a", "cancer", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "B-ORDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer .
[ "``", "It", "was", "extraordinarily", "satisfying", ",", "''", "says", "Dr.", "Knudson", ",", "now", "at", "Fox", "Chase", "Cancer", "Research", "Center", "in", "Philadelphia", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "O", "B-GPE", "O" ]	`` It was extraordinarily satisfying , '' says Dr. Knudson , now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia .
[ "But", "in", "Baltimore", ",", "Dr.", "Vogelstein", ",", "a", "young", "molecular", "biologist", "at", "Johns", "Hopkins", "Medical", "School", ",", "believed", "Dr.", "Knudson", "was", "right", ",", "and", "set", "out", "to", "repeat", "the", "Cavenee", "experiment", "in", "cells", "from", "other", "cancers", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "B-GPE", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	But in Baltimore , Dr. Vogelstein , a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School , believed Dr. Knudson was right , and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers .
[ "His", "was", "one", "of", "two", "research", "teams", "in", "1984", "to", "report", "dual", "chromosome", "losses", "for", "a", "rare", "childhood", "cancer", "of", "the", "kidney", "called", "Wilm", "'s", "tumor", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm 's tumor .
[ "Dr.", "Vogelstein", "next", "turned", "his", "attention", "to", "colon", "cancer", ",", "the", "second", "biggest", "cancer", "killer", "in", "the", "U.S.", "after", "lung", "cancer", "." ]	[ "O", "B-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GPE", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Dr. Vogelstein next turned his attention to colon cancer , the second biggest cancer killer in the U.S. after lung cancer .
[ "Dr.", "Vogelstein", "and", "a", "doctoral", "student", ",", "Eric", "Fearon", ",", "began", "months", "of", "tedious", "and", "often", "frustrating", "probing", "of", "the", "chromosomes", "searching", "for", "signs", "of", "genetic", "damage", "." ]	[ "O", "B-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "I-PERSON", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Dr. Vogelstein and a doctoral student , Eric Fearon , began months of tedious and often frustrating probing of the chromosomes searching for signs of genetic damage .
[ "If", "both", "copies", "of", "a", "second", "gene", "were", "then", "deleted", ",", "the", "polyps", "would", "progress", "to", "malignancy", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	If both copies of a second gene were then deleted , the polyps would progress to malignancy .
[ "It", "was", "clear", "that", "more", "than", "one", "gene", "had", "to", "be", "damaged", "for", "colon", "cancer", "to", "develop", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop .
[ "``", "It", "was", "the", "confirming", "evidence", "we", "all", "needed", "that", "-LCB-", "gene", "-RCB-", "losses", "were", "critical", "to", "the", "development", "of", "a", "common", "tumor", ",", "''", "says", "Ray", "White", "at", "Howard", "Hughes", "Medical", "Institute", "in", "Salt", "Lake", "City", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "I-PERSON", "O", "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "O", "B-GPE", "I-GPE", "I-GPE", "O" ]	`` It was the confirming evidence we all needed that -LCB- gene -RCB- losses were critical to the development of a common tumor , '' says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City .
[ "But", "Dr.", "Vogelstein", "had", "yet", "to", "nail", "the", "identity", "of", "the", "gene", "that", ",", "if", "damaged", ",", "flipped", "a", "colon", "cell", "into", "full", "-", "blown", "malignancy", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that , if damaged , flipped a colon cell into full - blown malignancy .
[ "They", "focused", "on", "chromosome", "17", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O" ]	They focused on chromosome 17 .
[ "For", "months", "the", "Johns", "Hopkins", "researchers", ",", "using", "gene", "probes", ",", "experimentally", "crawled", "down", "the", "length", "of", "chromosome", "17", ",", "looking", "for", "the", "smallest", "common", "bit", "of", "genetic", "material", "lost", "in", "all", "tumor", "cells", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	For months the Johns Hopkins researchers , using gene probes , experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17 , looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells .
[ "When", "they", "found", "it", "last", "winter", ",", "Dr.", "Vogelstein", "was", "dubious", "that", "the", "search", "was", "over", "." ]	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "I-DATE", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	When they found it last winter , Dr. Vogelstein was dubious that the search was over .

[ "``", "Let", "'s", "not", "forget", "this", "is", "the", "same", "company", "that", "has", "been", "profiteering", "with", "this", "drug", "for", "2", "1/2", "years", ",", "''", "Mr.", "Weiss", "added", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "I-DATE", "I-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "O", "O" ]

`` Let 's not forget this is the same company that has been profiteering with this drug for 2 1/2 years , '' Mr. Weiss added .

[ "Mrs.", "Glaser", ",", "who", "is", "a", "co-founder", "of", "the", "Pediatric", "AIDS", "Foundation", ",", "based", "in", "Santa", "Monica", ",", "Calif.", ",", "condemned", "neither", "bureaucratic", "nor", "corporate", "foot", "-", "dragging", "." ]

[ "O", "B-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "B-GPE", "I-GPE", "O", "B-GPE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Mrs. Glaser , who is a co-founder of the Pediatric AIDS Foundation , based in Santa Monica , Calif. , condemned neither bureaucratic nor corporate foot - dragging .

[ "``", "The", "crucial", "thing", "is", "that", "we", "learn", "our", "lesson", "well", ",", "and", "to", "make", "sure", "other", "experimental", "drugs", ",", "like", "Bristol", "-", "Myers", "Co.", "'s", "DDI", ",", "do", "n't", "follow", "the", "same", "frustrating", "course", "as", "AZT", ".", "''" ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

`` The crucial thing is that we learn our lesson well , and to make sure other experimental drugs , like Bristol - Myers Co. 's DDI , do n't follow the same frustrating course as AZT . ''

[ "``", "It", "'s", "impossible", "to", "overstate", "how", "much", "this", "means", "to", "the", "families", "of", "these", "patients", ",", "''", "said", "Samuel", "Broder", ",", "director", "of", "the", "National", "Cancer", "Institute", "and", "a", "main", "developer", "of", "AZT", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "I-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

`` It 's impossible to overstate how much this means to the families of these patients , '' said Samuel Broder , director of the National Cancer Institute and a main developer of AZT .

[ "The", "chamber", "voted", "231", "-", "191", ",", "51", "votes", "short", "of", "the", "two", "-", "thirds", "majority", "needed", "to", "overturn", "the", "president", "'s", "veto", "of", "legislation", "renewing", "support", "of", "Medicaid", "abortions", "for", "poor", "women", "who", "are", "victims", "of", "rape", "and", "incest", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

The chamber voted 231 - 191 , 51 votes short of the two - thirds majority needed to overturn the president 's veto of legislation renewing support of Medicaid abortions for poor women who are victims of rape and incest .

[ "Michigan", "'s", "Senate", "passed", "a", "bill", "requiring", "girls", "to", "get", "parental", "consent", "for", "an", "abortion", "and", "Pennsylvania", "'s", "House", "cleared", "a", "measure", "banning", "abortions", "after", "the", "24th", "week", "of", "pregnancy", "." ]

[ "B-GPE", "O", "B-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GPE", "O", "B-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "I-DATE", "I-DATE", "O", "O", "O" ]

Michigan 's Senate passed a bill requiring girls to get parental consent for an abortion and Pennsylvania 's House cleared a measure banning abortions after the 24th week of pregnancy .

[ "The", "FDA", "is", "expected", "to", "approve", "today", "a", "program", "granting", "access", "free", "of", "charge", "to", "the", "drug", "AZT", "for", "children", "with", "AIDS", "." ]

[ "O", "B-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

The FDA is expected to approve today a program granting access free of charge to the drug AZT for children with AIDS .

[ "Adults", "have", "had", "access", "to", "the", "only", "approved", "antiviral", "drug", "since", "1987", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "O" ]

Adults have had access to the only approved antiviral drug since 1987 .

[ "Research", "shows", "AZT", "can", "relieve", "dementia", "and", "other", "symptoms", "in", "children", ",", "1,859", "of", "whom", "are", "known", "to", "have", "been", "infected", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Research shows AZT can relieve dementia and other symptoms in children , 1,859 of whom are known to have been infected .

[ "Marion", "Harper", ",", "73", ",", "founder", "and", "ex-chief", "executive", "of", "Interpublic", "Group", "of", "Cos.", ",", "in", "Oklahoma", "City", ",", "of", "a", "heart", "attack", "." ]

[ "B-PERSON", "I-PERSON", "O", "B-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "O", "O", "B-GPE", "I-GPE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Marion Harper , 73 , founder and ex-chief executive of Interpublic Group of Cos. , in Oklahoma City , of a heart attack .

[ "The", "current", "decline", "in", "failures", "continues", "a", "trend", "begun", "in", "late", "1987", ",", "D&B", "said", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "I-DATE", "O", "B-ORG", "O", "O" ]

The current decline in failures continues a trend begun in late 1987 , D&B said .

[ "Failures", "in", "seven", "of", "nine", "regional", "areas", "fell", "more", "than", "10", "%", "in", "the", "nine", "months", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "B-PERCENT", "I-PERCENT", "I-PERCENT", "I-PERCENT", "O", "B-DATE", "I-DATE", "I-DATE", "O" ]

Failures in seven of nine regional areas fell more than 10 % in the nine months .

[ "The", "clinical", "testing", "services", "holding", "company", "is", "based", "in", "San", "Juan", "Capistrano", ",", "Calif", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GPE", "I-GPE", "I-GPE", "O", "B-GPE", "O" ]

The clinical testing services holding company is based in San Juan Capistrano , Calif .

[ "Of", "the", "4,348", "issues", "that", "changed", "hands", ",", "1,074", "advanced", "and", "866", "declined", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O" ]

Of the 4,348 issues that changed hands , 1,074 advanced and 866 declined .

[ "The", "1988", "results", "included", "a", "one", "-", "time", "gain", "." ]

[ "O", "B-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

The 1988 results included a one - time gain .

[ "Collagen", "dropped", "2", "5/8", "to", "15", "5/8", "on", "428,000", "shares", "." ]

[ "B-ORG", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O" ]

Collagen dropped 2 5/8 to 15 5/8 on 428,000 shares .

[ "In", "its", "fiscal", "-", "first", "quarter", "ended", "Sept.", "30", ",", "the", "biomedical", "-", "products", "maker", "earned", "10", "cents", "a", "share", ",", "up", "from", "eight", "cents", "a", "share", "in", "the", "1988", "quarter", ",", "which", "included", "an", "extraordinary", "credit", "." ]

[ "O", "B-DATE", "I-DATE", "I-DATE", "I-DATE", "I-DATE", "I-DATE", "I-DATE", "I-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-MONEY", "I-MONEY", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-MONEY", "I-MONEY", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "I-DATE", "I-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

In its fiscal - first quarter ended Sept. 30 , the biomedical - products maker earned 10 cents a share , up from eight cents a share in the 1988 quarter , which included an extraordinary credit .

[ "Occupational", "-", "Urgent", "Care", "Health", "fell", "1", "3/4", "to", "15", "1/2", "on", "354,000", "shares", "." ]

[ "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O" ]

Occupational - Urgent Care Health fell 1 3/4 to 15 1/2 on 354,000 shares .

[ "Nine", "states", "have", "introduced", "bills", "requiring", "that", "workers", "and", "customers", "be", "made", "aware", "of", "monitoring", "." ]

[ "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Nine states have introduced bills requiring that workers and customers be made aware of monitoring .

[ "And", "in", "the", "past", ",", "Congress", "has", "viewed", "monitoring", "as", "an", "issue", "best", "handled", "in", "union", "negotiations", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

And in the past , Congress has viewed monitoring as an issue best handled in union negotiations .

[ "The", "Beebes", "alleged", "that", "toxic", "fumes", "from", "the", "carpets", "made", "them", "sick", "." ]

[ "O", "B-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

The Beebes alleged that toxic fumes from the carpets made them sick .

[ "As", "a", "result", "of", "their", "illness", ",", "the", "Beebes", "said", ",", "they", "lost", "$", "1.8", "million", "in", "wages", "and", "earnings", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-MONEY", "I-MONEY", "I-MONEY", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

As a result of their illness , the Beebes said , they lost $ 1.8 million in wages and earnings .

[ "Anthony", "J.", "Iaciofano", ",", "a", "lawyer", "for", "Burlington", ",", "said", "the", "company", "believes", "the", "Beebes", "'", "symptoms", "were", "not", "related", "to", "the", "carpeting", "." ]

[ "B-PERSON", "I-PERSON", "I-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Anthony J. Iaciofano , a lawyer for Burlington , said the company believes the Beebes ' symptoms were not related to the carpeting .

[ "He", "said", "that", "ill", "effects", "from", "new", "carpets", "manifest", "themselves", "immediately", "but", "that", "the", "Beebes", "'", "symptoms", "appeared", "months", "later", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "I-DATE", "O" ]

He said that ill effects from new carpets manifest themselves immediately but that the Beebes ' symptoms appeared months later .

[ "Scientists", "are", "only", "beginning", "to", "understand", "what", "causes", "sick", "-", "building", "syndrome", "and", "much", "of", "that", "research", "was", "unavailable", "when", "the", "Beebes", "filed", "the", "case", ",", "she", "said", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Scientists are only beginning to understand what causes sick - building syndrome and much of that research was unavailable when the Beebes filed the case , she said .

[ "The", "Beebes", "now", "believe", "that", "a", "prime", "culprit", "for", "their", "injuries", "was", "fumes", "from", "an", "adhesive", "used", "in", "the", "carpeting", "." ]

[ "O", "B-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

The Beebes now believe that a prime culprit for their injuries was fumes from an adhesive used in the carpeting .

[ "Supposedly", "the", "IRS", "will", "sell", "off", "the", "assets", "of", "MPI", ",", "but", "before", "it", "can", ",", "a", "lowly", "IRS", "agent", "is", "called", "into", "the", "hospital", "room", "of", "Wylie", "Slaughter", ",", "the", "dying", "head", "of", "the", "Central", "Intelligence", "Agency", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "B-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "I-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "O" ]

Supposedly the IRS will sell off the assets of MPI , but before it can , a lowly IRS agent is called into the hospital room of Wylie Slaughter , the dying head of the Central Intelligence Agency .

[ "Honecker", ",", "who", "was", "reported", "ill", "following", "gall", "-", "bladder", "surgery", "in", "August", ",", "said", "he", "was", "resigning", "for", "health", "reasons", "." ]

[ "B-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Honecker , who was reported ill following gall - bladder surgery in August , said he was resigning for health reasons .

[ "Major", "injuries", "were", "n't", "reported", "at", "Candlestick", "Park", ",", "where", "the", "third", "game", "of", "baseball", "'s", "World", "Series", "was", "canceled", "and", "fans", "evacuated", "from", "the", "stadium", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Major injuries were n't reported at Candlestick Park , where the third game of baseball 's World Series was canceled and fans evacuated from the stadium .

[ "The", "World", "Psychiatric", "Association", "voted", "at", "an", "Athens", "parley", "to", "conditionally", "readmit", "the", "Soviet", "Union", "." ]

[ "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "B-GPE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GPE", "I-GPE", "I-GPE", "O" ]

The World Psychiatric Association voted at an Athens parley to conditionally readmit the Soviet Union .

[ "Moscow", ",", "which", "left", "the", "group", "in", "1983", "to", "avoid", "explusion", "over", "allegations", "that", "political", "dissidents", "were", "being", "certified", "as", "insane", ",", "could", "be", "suspended", "if", "the", "misuse", "of", "psychiatry", "against", "dissenters", "is", "discovered", "during", "a", "review", "within", "a", "year", "." ]

[ "B-GPE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "I-DATE", "O" ]

Moscow , which left the group in 1983 to avoid explusion over allegations that political dissidents were being certified as insane , could be suspended if the misuse of psychiatry against dissenters is discovered during a review within a year .

[ "Federal", "researchers", "said", "lung", "-", "cancer", "mortality", "rates", "for", "people", "under", "45", "years", "of", "age", "have", "begun", "to", "decline", ",", "particularly", "for", "white", "males", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "I-DATE", "I-DATE", "I-DATE", "I-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Federal researchers said lung - cancer mortality rates for people under 45 years of age have begun to decline , particularly for white males .

[ "The", "National", "Cancer", "Institute", "also", "projected", "that", "overall", "U.S.", "mortality", "rates", "from", "lung", "cancer", "should", "begin", "to", "drop", "in", "several", "years", "if", "cigarette", "smoking", "continues", "to", "abate", "." ]

[ "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GPE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "I-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

The National Cancer Institute also projected that overall U.S. mortality rates from lung cancer should begin to drop in several years if cigarette smoking continues to abate .

[ "Those", "obsolete", "operations", "cost", "less", "than", "$", "2", "billion", "a", "year", ",", "and", "keep", "Mac", "'s", "ghost", "quiet", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-MONEY", "I-MONEY", "I-MONEY", "I-MONEY", "I-MONEY", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Those obsolete operations cost less than $ 2 billion a year , and keep Mac 's ghost quiet .

[ "Died", ":", "Rudolf", "von", "Bennigsen", "-", "Foerder", ",", "63", ",", "chairman", "of", "Veba", "AG", "of", "West", "Germany", ",", "in", "Duesseldorf", ",", "of", "pneumonia", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "I-PERSON", "I-PERSON", "I-PERSON", "I-PERSON", "O", "B-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "O", "B-GPE", "I-GPE", "O", "O", "B-GPE", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Died : Rudolf von Bennigsen - Foerder , 63 , chairman of Veba AG of West Germany , in Duesseldorf , of pneumonia .

[ "The", "moisturizer", ",", "introduced", "in", "1962", ",", "had", "a", "dowdy", "image", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

The moisturizer , introduced in 1962 , had a dowdy image .

[ "Ever", "since", "the", "link", "to", "cholesterol", "was", "disclosed", ",", "Americans", "have", "begun", "scarfing", "up", "psyllium", "in", "their", "breakfast", "cereals", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-NORP", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Ever since the link to cholesterol was disclosed , Americans have begun scarfing up psyllium in their breakfast cereals .

[ "Whether", "psyllium", "makes", "Sidhpur", "'s", "fortune", "depends", "on", "cholesterol", "-", "fearing", "Americans", ",", "the", "U.S.", "Food", "and", "Drug", "Administration", "and", ",", "of", "course", ",", "the", "outcome", "of", "further", "research", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "B-GPE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-NORP", "O", "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Whether psyllium makes Sidhpur 's fortune depends on cholesterol - fearing Americans , the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and , of course , the outcome of further research .

[ "A", "prominent", "businessman", "in", "Bombay", "gives", "a", "similar", "testimonial", ":", "``", "I", "have", "been", "taking", "it", "daily", "since", "1961", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GPE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "O", "B-DATE", "O" ]

A prominent businessman in Bombay gives a similar testimonial : `` I have been taking it daily since 1961 .

[ "For", "decades", ",", "psyllium", "husk", "has", "been", "the", "main", "ingredient", "in", "such", "laxatives", "as", "Procter", "&", "Gamble", "Co.", "'s", "Metamucil", ",", "the", "top", "-", "selling", "brand", "in", "the", "U.S.", ",", "and", "Ciba", "-", "Geigy", "Corp.", "'s", "Fiberall", "." ]

[ "O", "B-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GPE", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "O", "O" ]

For decades , psyllium husk has been the main ingredient in such laxatives as Procter & Gamble Co. 's Metamucil , the top - selling brand in the U.S. , and Ciba - Geigy Corp. 's Fiberall .

[ "One", "of", "the", "studies", ",", "done", "at", "the", "University", "of", "Minnesota", ",", "tested", "75", "people", "with", "raised", "cholesterol", "levels", "." ]

[ "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

One of the studies , done at the University of Minnesota , tested 75 people with raised cholesterol levels .

[ "After", "16", "weeks", ",", "the", "group", "that", "took", "three", "daily", "teaspoons", "of", "Metamucil", "saw", "a", "significant", "dip", "in", "their", "general", "cholesterol", "levels", ",", "and", "an", "even", "larger", "reduction", "in", "levels", "of", "low", "-", "density", "lipoproteins", ",", "the", "so", "-", "called", "bad", "cholesterol", "." ]

[ "O", "B-DATE", "I-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "B-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

After 16 weeks , the group that took three daily teaspoons of Metamucil saw a significant dip in their general cholesterol levels , and an even larger reduction in levels of low - density lipoproteins , the so - called bad cholesterol .

[ "In", "late", "1987", ",", "P&G", "asked", "the", "FDA", "for", "approval", "to", "market", "Metamucil", "as", "the", "first", "non-prescription", ",", "cholesterol", "-", "lowering", "product", "in", "the" ]

[ "O", "O", "B-DATE", "O", "B-ORG", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

In late 1987 , P&G asked the FDA for approval to market Metamucil as the first non-prescription , cholesterol - lowering product in the

[ "In", "April", ",", "the", "psyllium", "bandwagon", "got", "more", "crowded", "." ]

[ "O", "B-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

In April , the psyllium bandwagon got more crowded .

[ "This", "month", ",", "the", "Food", "and", "Drug", "Administration", "expressed", "concern", "that", "Americans", "might", "someday", ",", "in", "various", "forms", ",", "ingest", "too", "much", "psyllium", "." ]

[ "B-DATE", "I-DATE", "O", "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "B-NORP", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

This month , the Food and Drug Administration expressed concern that Americans might someday , in various forms , ingest too much psyllium .

[ "It", "also", "ordered", "P&G", "to", "produce", "more", "studies", "to", "buttress", "its", "claims", "that", "Metamucil", "can", "lower", "cholesterol", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

It also ordered P&G to produce more studies to buttress its claims that Metamucil can lower cholesterol .

[ "If", "the", "FDA", "approves", "the", "new", "uses", "of", "psyllium", ",", "other", "companies", "are", "expected", "to", "rush", "to", "market", "with", "psyllium", "products", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "B-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

If the FDA approves the new uses of psyllium , other companies are expected to rush to market with psyllium products .

[ "They", "only", "know", "of", "one", "use", "for", "the", "crop", ",", "as", "a", "laxative", ",", "and", "with", "psyllium", "prices", "currently", "languishing", "in", "the", "wake", "of", "a", "bumper", "crop", ",", "they", "think", "of", "the", "seed", "as", "a", "marginal", "crop", ",", "something", "to", "grow", "between", "summer", "wheat", "crops", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "O", "O", "O" ]

They only know of one use for the crop , as a laxative , and with psyllium prices currently languishing in the wake of a bumper crop , they think of the seed as a marginal crop , something to grow between summer wheat crops .

[ "The", "staff", "brags", "about", "psyllium", "'s", "hefty", "contribution", "to", "American", "regularity", ",", "without", "quite", "grasping", "the", "implications", "of", "the", "research", "on", "cholesterol", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-NORP", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

The staff brags about psyllium 's hefty contribution to American regularity , without quite grasping the implications of the research on cholesterol .

[ "They", "want", "psyllium", "prices", "low", "for", "their", "purchases", "next", "year", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "I-DATE", "O" ]

They want psyllium prices low for their purchases next year .

[ "That", "produced", "little", "reaction", "from", "his", "boss", ",", "reinforcing", "speculation", "the", "government", "would", "use", "its", "two", "conditions", "as", "a", "pretext", "for", "avoiding", "full", "EMS", "membership", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "O", "O" ]

That produced little reaction from his boss , reinforcing speculation the government would use its two conditions as a pretext for avoiding full EMS membership .

[ "Despite", "the", "departure", "of", "Mr.", "Lawson", "and", "Sir", "Alan", ",", "the", "tug", "-", "of", "-", "war", "over", "the", "EMS", "could", "continue", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "O", "O", "O" ]

Despite the departure of Mr. Lawson and Sir Alan , the tug - of - war over the EMS could continue .

[ "FAR", "FEWER", "elderly", "nursing", "home", "residents", "bankrupt", "themselves", "than", "was", "previously", "believed", ",", "two", "recent", "studies", "declare", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

FAR FEWER elderly nursing home residents bankrupt themselves than was previously believed , two recent studies declare .

[ "Conventional", "wisdom", "has", "long", "held", "that", "anywhere", "from", "one", "-", "fourth", "to", "one", "-", "half", "of", "all", "elderly", "long", "-", "term", "care", "patients", "are", "obliged", "to", "spend", "themselves", "into", "poverty", "before", "qualifying", "for", "Medicaid", "assistance", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "O", "O" ]

Conventional wisdom has long held that anywhere from one - fourth to one - half of all elderly long - term care patients are obliged to spend themselves into poverty before qualifying for Medicaid assistance .

[ "But", "separate", "reports", "from", "Joshua", "Weiner", "and", "Denise", "Spence", "of", "the", "Brookings", "Institution", "and", "Korbin", "Liu", "of", "the", "Urban", "Institute", "find", "that", "``", "a", "surprisingly", "small", "proportion", "''", "--", "only", "about", "10", "%", "--", "of", "residents", "start", "out", "as", "private", "payers", "but", "``", "spend", "down", "''", "to", "Medicaid", "levels", "in", "a", "single", "nursing", "home", "stay", "before", "they", "die", "or", "are", "discharged", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "I-PERSON", "O", "B-PERSON", "I-PERSON", "O", "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "O", "B-PERSON", "I-PERSON", "O", "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PERCENT", "I-PERCENT", "I-PERCENT", "I-PERCENT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

But separate reports from Joshua Weiner and Denise Spence of the Brookings Institution and Korbin Liu of the Urban Institute find that `` a surprisingly small proportion '' -- only about 10 % -- of residents start out as private payers but `` spend down '' to Medicaid levels in a single nursing home stay before they die or are discharged .

[ "-LRB-", "Another", "one", "-", "third", "are", "already", "on", "Medicaid", "when", "they", "enter", "the", "nursing", "homes", ",", "a", "considerably", "higher", "proportion", "than", "the", "analysts", "anticipated", ".", "-RRB-" ]

[ "O", "B-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

-LRB- Another one - third are already on Medicaid when they enter the nursing homes , a considerably higher proportion than the analysts anticipated . -RRB-

[ "But", "a", "remarkably", "high", "percentage", "--", "over", "half", "--", "are", "private", "payers", "throughout", "their", "stay", ",", "even", "a", "fairly", "lengthy", "one", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

But a remarkably high percentage -- over half -- are private payers throughout their stay , even a fairly lengthy one .

[ "About", "one", "-", "third", "pay", "out", "of", "their", "own", "pockets", ",", "while", "the", "rest", "are", "covered", "throughout", "by", "Medicare", ",", "private", "insurers", "or", "the", "Veterans", "Administration", "." ]

[ "B-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "O" ]

About one - third pay out of their own pockets , while the rest are covered throughout by Medicare , private insurers or the Veterans Administration .

[ "Both", "reports", "are", "based", "on", "several", "thousand", "patients", "sampled", "in", "a", "1985", "nationwide", "government", "survey", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Both reports are based on several thousand patients sampled in a 1985 nationwide government survey .

[ "The", "Brookings", "and", "Urban", "Institute", "authors", "caution", ",", "however", ",", "that", "most", "nursing", "home", "stays", "are", "of", "comparatively", "short", "duration", ",", "and", "reaching", "the", "Medicaid", "level", "is", "more", "likely", "with", "an", "unusually", "long", "stay", "or", "repeated", "stays", "." ]

[ "O", "B-ORG", "O", "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

The Brookings and Urban Institute authors caution , however , that most nursing home stays are of comparatively short duration , and reaching the Medicaid level is more likely with an unusually long stay or repeated stays .

[ "But", "he", "refused", ",", "claiming", "that", "he", "wanted", "to", "see", "what", "happened", "Monday", "morning", "before", "making", "any", "public", "statement", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "B-TIME", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

But he refused , claiming that he wanted to see what happened Monday morning before making any public statement .

[ "Here", "are", "two", "cases", "to", "illustrate", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Here are two cases to illustrate .

[ "Scientists", "say", "the", "discovery", "of", "these", "genes", "in", "recent", "months", "is", "painting", "a", "new", "and", "startling", "picture", "of", "how", "cancer", "develops", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "I-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops .

[ "Already", ",", "scientists", "are", "developing", "tests", "based", "on", "the", "newly", "identified", "genes", "that", ",", "for", "the", "first", "time", ",", "can", "predict", "whether", "an", "otherwise", "healthy", "individual", "is", "likely", "to", "get", "cancer", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Already , scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that , for the first time , can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer .

[ "``", "It", "'s", "a", "super-exciting", "set", "of", "discoveries", ",", "''", "says", "Bert", "Vogelstein", ",", "a", "Johns", "Hopkins", "University", "researcher", "who", "has", "just", "found", "a", "gene", "pivotal", "to", "the", "triggering", "of", "colon", "cancer", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "I-PERSON", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

`` It 's a super-exciting set of discoveries , '' says Bert Vogelstein , a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer .

[ "``", "Only", "a", "decade", "ago", "cancer", "was", "a", "black", "box", "about", "which", "we", "knew", "nothing", "at", "the", "molecular", "level", "." ]

[ "O", "B-DATE", "I-DATE", "I-DATE", "I-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

`` Only a decade ago cancer was a black box about which we knew nothing at the molecular level .

[ "Today", ",", "we", "know", "that", "the", "accumulation", "of", "several", "of", "these", "altered", "genes", "can", "initiate", "a", "cancer", "and", ",", "then", ",", "propel", "it", "into", "a", "deadly", "state", ".", "''" ]

[ "B-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Today , we know that the accumulation of several of these altered genes can initiate a cancer and , then , propel it into a deadly state . ''

[ "In", "recent", "months", ",", "researchers", "have", "come", "to", "believe", "the", "two", "types", "of", "cancer", "genes", "work", "in", "concert", ":", "An", "oncogene", "may", "turn", "proliferating", "cells", "malignant", "only", "after", "the", "tumor", "-", "suppressor", "gene", "has", "been", "damaged", "." ]

[ "O", "B-DATE", "I-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

In recent months , researchers have come to believe the two types of cancer genes work in concert : An oncogene may turn proliferating cells malignant only after the tumor - suppressor gene has been damaged .

[ "A", "person", "who", "is", "born", "with", "one", "defective", "copy", "of", "a", "suppressor", "gene", ",", "or", "in", "whom", "one", "copy", "is", "damaged", "early", "in", "life", ",", "is", "especially", "prone", "to", "cancer", "because", "he", "need", "only", "lose", "the", "other", "copy", "for", "a", "cancer", "to", "develop", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene , or in whom one copy is damaged early in life , is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop .

[ "Bill", "and", "Bonnie", "Quinlan", "are", "among", "the", "first", "beneficiaries", "of", "the", "new", "findings", "." ]

[ "B-PERSON", "O", "B-PERSON", "I-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings .

[ "The", "Dedham", ",", "Mass.", ",", "couple", "knew", "even", "before", "Bonnie", "became", "pregnant", "in", "1987", "that", "any", "child", "of", "theirs", "had", "a", "50", "%", "chance", "of", "being", "at", "risk", "for", "retinoblastoma", ",", "an", "eye", "cancer", "that", "occurs", "about", "once", "every", "20,000", "births", "." ]

[ "O", "B-GPE", "O", "B-GPE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PERCENT", "I-PERCENT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O" ]

The Dedham , Mass. , couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50 % chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma , an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births .

[ "Mr.", "Quinlan", ",", "30", "years", "old", ",", "knew", "he", "carried", "a", "damaged", "gene", ",", "having", "lost", "an", "eye", "to", "the", "rare", "tumor", "when", "he", "was", "only", "two", "months", "old", "--", "after", "his", "mother", "had", "suffered", "the", "same", "fate", "when", "she", "was", "a", "baby", "." ]

[ "O", "B-PERSON", "O", "B-DATE", "I-DATE", "I-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "I-DATE", "I-DATE", "I-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Mr. Quinlan , 30 years old , knew he carried a damaged gene , having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby .

[ "Because", "of", "the", "isolation", "of", "the", "retinoblastoma", "tumor", "-", "suppressor", "gene", ",", "it", "became", "possible", "last", "January", "to", "find", "out", "what", "threat", "the", "Quinlan", "baby", "faced", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "I-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "O", "O", "O" ]

Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor - suppressor gene , it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced .

[ "A", "test", "using", "new", "``", "genetic", "probes", "''", "showed", "that", "little", "Will", "Quinlan", "had", "not", "inherited", "a", "damaged", "retinoblastoma", "supressor", "gene", "and", ",", "therefore", ",", "faced", "no", "more", "risk", "than", "other", "children", "of", "developing", "the", "rare", "cancer", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "I-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

A test using new `` genetic probes '' showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and , therefore , faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer .

[ "This", "test", "was", "the", "first", "to", "predict", "reliably", "whether", "an", "individual", "could", "expect", "to", "develop", "cancer", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer .

[ "Equally", "important", ",", "the", "initial", "discovery", "of", "the", "gene", "that", "controls", "retinal", "cell", "growth", ",", "made", "by", "a", "Boston", "doctor", "named", "Thaddeus", "Dryja", ",", "has", "opened", "a", "field", "of", "cancer", "study", ",", "which", "in", "recent", "months", "has", "exploded", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GPE", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "I-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "I-DATE", "O", "O", "O" ]

Equally important , the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth , made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja , has opened a field of cancer study , which in recent months has exploded .

[ "``", "It", "turns", "out", "that", "studying", "a", "tragic", "but", "uncommon", "tumor", "made", "possible", "some", "fundamental", "insights", "about", "the", "most", "basic", "workings", "of", "cancer", ",", "''", "says", "Samuel", "Broder", ",", "director", "of", "the", "National", "Cancer", "Institute", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "I-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "O" ]

`` It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer , '' says Samuel Broder , director of the National Cancer Institute .

[ "To", "date", ",", "scientists", "have", "fingered", "two", "of", "these", "cancer", "-", "suppressors", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

To date , scientists have fingered two of these cancer - suppressors .

[ "Dr.", "Dryja", "made", "his", "retinoblastoma", "discovery", "in", "1986", "." ]

[ "O", "B-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "O" ]

Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986 .

[ "Then", "last", "spring", ",", "researchers", "reported", "finding", "a", "gene", "called", "p53", "which", ",", "if", "impaired", ",", "turns", "healthy", "colon", "cells", "cancerous", "." ]

[ "O", "B-DATE", "I-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Then last spring , researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which , if impaired , turns healthy colon cells cancerous .

[ "Soon", "after", "that", "report", ",", "two", "other", "research", "teams", "uncovered", "evidence", "that", "the", "same", "damaged", "p53", "gene", "is", "present", "in", "tissue", "from", "lung", "and", "breast", "cancers", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Soon after that report , two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers .

[ "Colon", ",", "lung", "and", "breast", "cancers", "are", "the", "most", "common", "and", "lethal", "forms", "of", "the", "disease", ",", "collectively", "killing", "almost", "200,000", "Americans", "a", "year", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "B-NORP", "O", "O", "O" ]

Colon , lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease , collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year .

[ "Right", "now", "about", "a", "dozen", "laboratories", ",", "in", "the", "U.S.", ",", "Canada", "and", "Britain", ",", "are", "racing", "to", "unmask", "other", "suspected", "tumor", "-", "suppressing", "genes", "." ]

[ "B-TIME", "I-TIME", "B-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GPE", "O", "B-GPE", "O", "B-GPE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Right now about a dozen laboratories , in the U.S. , Canada and Britain , are racing to unmask other suspected tumor - suppressing genes .

[ "The", "story", "of", "tumor", "-", "suppressor", "genes", "goes", "back", "to", "the", "1970s", ",", "when", "a", "pediatrician", "named", "Alfred", "G.", "Knudson", "Jr.", "proposed", "that", "retinoblastoma", "stemmed", "from", "two", "separate", "genetic", "defects", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "I-PERSON", "I-PERSON", "I-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

The story of tumor - suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s , when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects .

[ "Dr.", "Knudson", "found", "that", "some", "children", "with", "the", "eye", "cancer", "had", "inherited", "a", "damaged", "copy", "of", "chromosome", "No.", "13", "from", "a", "parent", "who", "had", "had", "the", "disease", "." ]

[ "O", "B-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease .

[ "Under", "a", "microscope", "he", "could", "actually", "see", "that", "a", "bit", "of", "chromosome", "13", "was", "missing", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O" ]

Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing .

[ "By", "analyzing", "cells", "extracted", "from", "eye", "tumors", ",", "they", "found", "defects", "in", "the", "second", "copy", "of", "chromosome", "13", "in", "the", "exact", "area", "as", "in", "the", "first", "copy", "of", "the", "chromosome", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors , they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome .

[ "It", "was", "the", "first", "time", "anyone", "had", "showed", "that", "the", "loss", "of", "both", "copies", "of", "the", "same", "gene", "could", "lead", "to", "the", "eruption", "of", "a", "cancer", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "B-ORDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer .

[ "``", "It", "was", "extraordinarily", "satisfying", ",", "''", "says", "Dr.", "Knudson", ",", "now", "at", "Fox", "Chase", "Cancer", "Research", "Center", "in", "Philadelphia", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "O", "B-GPE", "O" ]

`` It was extraordinarily satisfying , '' says Dr. Knudson , now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia .

[ "But", "in", "Baltimore", ",", "Dr.", "Vogelstein", ",", "a", "young", "molecular", "biologist", "at", "Johns", "Hopkins", "Medical", "School", ",", "believed", "Dr.", "Knudson", "was", "right", ",", "and", "set", "out", "to", "repeat", "the", "Cavenee", "experiment", "in", "cells", "from", "other", "cancers", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "B-GPE", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

But in Baltimore , Dr. Vogelstein , a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School , believed Dr. Knudson was right , and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers .

[ "His", "was", "one", "of", "two", "research", "teams", "in", "1984", "to", "report", "dual", "chromosome", "losses", "for", "a", "rare", "childhood", "cancer", "of", "the", "kidney", "called", "Wilm", "'s", "tumor", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm 's tumor .

[ "Dr.", "Vogelstein", "next", "turned", "his", "attention", "to", "colon", "cancer", ",", "the", "second", "biggest", "cancer", "killer", "in", "the", "U.S.", "after", "lung", "cancer", "." ]

[ "O", "B-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GPE", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Dr. Vogelstein next turned his attention to colon cancer , the second biggest cancer killer in the U.S. after lung cancer .

[ "Dr.", "Vogelstein", "and", "a", "doctoral", "student", ",", "Eric", "Fearon", ",", "began", "months", "of", "tedious", "and", "often", "frustrating", "probing", "of", "the", "chromosomes", "searching", "for", "signs", "of", "genetic", "damage", "." ]

[ "O", "B-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "I-PERSON", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Dr. Vogelstein and a doctoral student , Eric Fearon , began months of tedious and often frustrating probing of the chromosomes searching for signs of genetic damage .

[ "If", "both", "copies", "of", "a", "second", "gene", "were", "then", "deleted", ",", "the", "polyps", "would", "progress", "to", "malignancy", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ORDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

If both copies of a second gene were then deleted , the polyps would progress to malignancy .

[ "It", "was", "clear", "that", "more", "than", "one", "gene", "had", "to", "be", "damaged", "for", "colon", "cancer", "to", "develop", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "I-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop .

[ "``", "It", "was", "the", "confirming", "evidence", "we", "all", "needed", "that", "-LCB-", "gene", "-RCB-", "losses", "were", "critical", "to", "the", "development", "of", "a", "common", "tumor", ",", "''", "says", "Ray", "White", "at", "Howard", "Hughes", "Medical", "Institute", "in", "Salt", "Lake", "City", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "I-PERSON", "O", "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "I-ORG", "O", "B-GPE", "I-GPE", "I-GPE", "O" ]

`` It was the confirming evidence we all needed that -LCB- gene -RCB- losses were critical to the development of a common tumor , '' says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City .

[ "But", "Dr.", "Vogelstein", "had", "yet", "to", "nail", "the", "identity", "of", "the", "gene", "that", ",", "if", "damaged", ",", "flipped", "a", "colon", "cell", "into", "full", "-", "blown", "malignancy", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that , if damaged , flipped a colon cell into full - blown malignancy .

[ "They", "focused", "on", "chromosome", "17", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O" ]

They focused on chromosome 17 .

[ "For", "months", "the", "Johns", "Hopkins", "researchers", ",", "using", "gene", "probes", ",", "experimentally", "crawled", "down", "the", "length", "of", "chromosome", "17", ",", "looking", "for", "the", "smallest", "common", "bit", "of", "genetic", "material", "lost", "in", "all", "tumor", "cells", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CARDINAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

For months the Johns Hopkins researchers , using gene probes , experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17 , looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells .

[ "When", "they", "found", "it", "last", "winter", ",", "Dr.", "Vogelstein", "was", "dubious", "that", "the", "search", "was", "over", "." ]

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DATE", "I-DATE", "O", "O", "B-PERSON", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

When they found it last winter , Dr. Vogelstein was dubious that the search was over .