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Printing, in the only sense with which we are at present concerned, differs from most if not from all the arts and crafts represented in the Exhibition
LJ001-0001.wav
232.466583
58.509834
60.145687
48.034794
slightly fast
pɹɪntɪŋ, ɪn ðʌ oʊnli sɛns wɪð wɪtʃ wi ɑɹ æt pɹɛzʌnt kʌnsɜ˞nd, dɪfɜ˞z fɹʌm moʊst ɪf nɑt fɹʌm ɔl ðʌ ɑɹts ʌnd kɹæfts ɹɛpɹɪzɛntɪd ɪn ðʌ ɛksʌbɪʃʌn
slightly clear
slightly confined sounding
moderate intonation
in being comparatively modern.
LJ001-0002.wav
220.869949
67.984909
49.892506
33.378883
slightly fast
ɪn biɪŋ kʌmpɛɹʌtɪvli mɑdɜ˞n.
moderate ambient sound
very roomy sounding
moderate intonation
For although the Chinese took impressions from wood blocks engraved in relief for centuries before the woodcutters of the Netherlands, by a similar process
LJ001-0003.wav
229.094238
55.366776
51.475643
54.586735
moderate speed
fɔɹ ɔlðoʊ ðʌ tʃaɪniz tʊk ɪmpɹɛʃʌnz fɹʌm wʊd blɑks ɪnɡɹeɪvd ɪn ɹɪlif fɔɹ sɛntʃɜ˞iz bɪfɔɹ ðʌ ʌv ðʌ nɛðɜ˞lʌndz, baɪ ʌ sɪmʌlɜ˞ pɹɑsɛs
moderate ambient sound
quite confined sounding
moderate intonation
produced the block books, which were the immediate predecessors of the true printed book,
LJ001-0004.wav
252.018341
53.340084
49.433453
59.247089
slightly fast
pɹʌdust ðʌ blɑk bʊks, wɪtʃ wɜ˞ ðʌ ɪmidiʌt pɹɛdʌsɛsɜ˞z ʌv ðʌ tɹu pɹɪntɪd bʊk,
moderate ambient sound
very confined sounding
moderate intonation
the invention of movable metal letters in the middle of the fifteenth century may justly be considered as the invention of the art of printing.
LJ001-0005.wav
225.25885
60.554264
42.986057
43.73724
slightly fast
ðʌ ɪnvɛnʃʌn ʌv muvʌbʌl mɛtʌl lɛtɜ˞z ɪn ðʌ mɪdʌl ʌv ðʌ fɪftinθ sɛntʃɜ˞i meɪ dʒʌstli bi kʌnsɪdɜ˞d æz ðʌ ɪnvɛnʃʌn ʌv ðʌ ɑɹt ʌv pɹɪntɪŋ.
slightly noisy
moderate reverberation
moderate intonation
And it is worth mention in passing that, as an example of fine typography,
LJ001-0006.wav
229.290344
58.377308
53.464668
43.175735
moderate speed
ʌnd ɪt ɪz wɜ˞θ mɛnʃʌn ɪn pæsɪŋ ðæt, æz æn ɪɡzæmpʌl ʌv faɪn tʌpɑɡɹʌfi,
moderate ambient sound
moderate reverberation
moderate intonation
the earliest book printed with movable types, the Gutenberg, or "forty-two line Bible" of about 1455,
LJ001-0007.wav
235.082016
59.583588
53.447472
58.643154
slightly slowly
ðʌ ɜ˞liʌst bʊk pɹɪntɪd wɪð muvʌbʌl taɪps, ðʌ ɡutʌnbɜ˞ɡ, ɔɹ "fɔɹti-tu laɪn baɪbʌl" ʌv ʌbaʊt ,
moderate ambient sound
very confined sounding
moderate intonation
has never been surpassed.
LJ001-0008.wav
178.692764
40.317509
42.907314
41.247963
moderate speed
hæz nɛvɜ˞ bɪn sɜ˞pæst.
slightly noisy
slightly roomy sounding
slightly monotone
Printing, then, for our purpose, may be considered as the art of making books by means of movable types.
LJ001-0009.wav
224.137436
66.511223
54.834431
56.874104
moderate speed
pɹɪntɪŋ, ðɛn, fɔɹ aʊɜ˞ pɜ˞pʌs, meɪ bi kʌnsɪdɜ˞d æz ðʌ ɑɹt ʌv meɪkɪŋ bʊks baɪ minz ʌv muvʌbʌl taɪps.
slightly clear
very confined sounding
moderate intonation
Now, as all books not primarily intended as picture-books consist principally of types composed to form letterpress,
LJ001-0010.wav
229.243271
54.303326
53.642479
59.075523
moderate speed
naʊ, æz ɔl bʊks nɑt pɹaɪmɛɹʌli ɪntɛndɪd æz pɪktʃɜ˞-bʊks kʌnsɪst pɹɪnsɪpli ʌv taɪps kʌmpoʊzd tu fɔɹm lɛtɜ˞pɹɛs,
moderate ambient sound
very confined sounding
moderate intonation
it is of the first importance that the letter used should be fine in form;
LJ001-0011.wav
242.796432
61.528194
47.286049
35.429943
slightly fast
ɪt ɪz ʌv ðʌ fɜ˞st ɪmpɔɹtʌns ðæt ðʌ lɛtɜ˞ juzd ʃʊd bi faɪn ɪn fɔɹm;
slightly noisy
quite roomy sounding
moderate intonation
especially as no more time is occupied, or cost incurred, in casting, setting, or printing beautiful letters
LJ001-0012.wav
239.895554
54.065098
56.081654
47.90414
moderate speed
ʌspɛʃli æz noʊ mɔɹ taɪm ɪz ɑkjʌpaɪd, ɔɹ kɑst ɪnkɜ˞d, ɪn kæstɪŋ, sɛtɪŋ, ɔɹ pɹɪntɪŋ bjutʌfʌl lɛtɜ˞z
slightly clear
slightly confined sounding
moderate intonation
than in the same operations with ugly ones.
LJ001-0013.wav
211.119705
53.506035
49.974892
59.076065
slightly fast
ðæn ɪn ðʌ seɪm ɑpɜ˞eɪʃʌnz wɪð ʌɡli wʌnz.
moderate ambient sound
very confined sounding
moderate intonation
And it was a matter of course that in the Middle Ages, when the craftsmen took care that beautiful form should always be a part of their productions whatever they were,
LJ001-0014.wav
238.23909
61.371181
51.293945
56.924477
slightly fast
ʌnd ɪt wɑz ʌ mætɜ˞ ʌv kɔɹs ðæt ɪn ðʌ mɪdʌl eɪdʒʌz, wɛn ðʌ kɹæftsmɛn tʊk kɛɹ ðæt bjutʌfʌl fɔɹm ʃʊd ɔlweɪz bi ʌ pɑɹt ʌv ðɛɹ pɹʌdʌkʃʌnz wʌtɛvɜ˞ ðeɪ wɜ˞,
moderate ambient sound
very confined sounding
moderate intonation
the forms of printed letters should be beautiful, and that their arrangement on the page should be reasonable and a help to the shapeliness of the letters themselves.
LJ001-0015.wav
225.999634
69.042137
59.591972
46.524944
slightly fast
ðʌ fɔɹmz ʌv pɹɪntɪd lɛtɜ˞z ʃʊd bi bjutʌfʌl, ʌnd ðæt ðɛɹ ɜ˞eɪndʒmʌnt ɑn ðʌ peɪdʒ ʃʊd bi ɹizʌnʌbʌl ʌnd ʌ hɛlp tu ðʌ ʌv ðʌ lɛtɜ˞z ðɛmsɛlvz.
slightly clear
moderate reverberation
moderate intonation
The Middle Ages brought calligraphy to perfection, and it was natural therefore
LJ001-0016.wav
227.993011
57.957253
55.275906
38.511719
moderate speed
ðʌ mɪdʌl eɪdʒʌz bɹɔt kʌlɪɡɹʌfi tu pɜ˞fɛkʃʌn, ʌnd ɪt wɑz nætʃɜ˞ʌl ðɛɹfɔɹ
slightly clear
quite roomy sounding
moderate intonation
that the forms of printed letters should follow more or less closely those of the written character, and they followed them very closely.
LJ001-0017.wav
235.258011
61.785957
53.331829
56.401264
quite fast
ðæt ðʌ fɔɹmz ʌv pɹɪntɪd lɛtɜ˞z ʃʊd fɑloʊ mɔɹ ɔɹ lɛs kloʊsli ðoʊz ʌv ðʌ ɹɪtʌn kɛɹɪktɜ˞, ʌnd ðeɪ fɑloʊd ðɛm vɛɹi kloʊsli.
moderate ambient sound
very confined sounding
moderate intonation
The first books were printed in black letter, i.e. the letter which was a Gothic development of the ancient Roman character,
LJ001-0018.wav
221.452499
49.229992
49.933163
56.604401
slightly fast
ðʌ fɜ˞st bʊks wɜ˞ pɹɪntɪd ɪn blæk lɛtɜ˞, aɪi ðʌ lɛtɜ˞ wɪtʃ wɑz ʌ ɡɑθɪk dɪvɛlʌpmʌnt ʌv ðʌ eɪntʃʌnt ɹoʊmʌn kɛɹɪktɜ˞,
moderate ambient sound
very confined sounding
slightly monotone
and which developed more completely and satisfactorily on the side of the "lower-case" than the capital letters;
LJ001-0019.wav
227.955582
59.085922
50.267551
55.966679
slightly fast
ʌnd wɪtʃ dɪvɛlʌpt mɔɹ kʌmplitli ʌnd sætɪsfæktɹʌli ɑn ðʌ saɪd ʌv ðʌ "loʊɜ˞-keɪs" ðæn ðʌ kæpʌtʌl lɛtɜ˞z;
moderate ambient sound
very confined sounding
moderate intonation
the "lower-case" being in fact invented in the early Middle Ages.
LJ001-0020.wav
208.07695
77.536392
54.064198
57.646805
moderate speed
ðʌ "loʊɜ˞-keɪs" biɪŋ ɪn fækt ɪnvɛntʌd ɪn ðʌ ɜ˞li mɪdʌl eɪdʒʌz.
slightly clear
very confined sounding
slightly expressive
The earliest book printed with movable type, the aforesaid Gutenberg Bible, is printed in letters which are an exact imitation
LJ001-0021.wav
235.97522
54.230118
54.98296
48.22023
moderate speed
ðʌ ɜ˞liʌst bʊk pɹɪntɪd wɪð muvʌbʌl taɪp, ðʌ ʌfɔɹsɛd ɡutʌnbɜ˞ɡ baɪbʌl, ɪz pɹɪntɪd ɪn lɛtɜ˞z wɪtʃ ɑɹ æn ɪɡzækt ɪmʌteɪʃʌn
slightly clear
slightly confined sounding
moderate intonation
of the more formal ecclesiastical writing which obtained at that time; this has since been called "missal type,"
LJ001-0022.wav
217.225388
68.188072
58.058502
57.627197
moderate speed
ʌv ðʌ mɔɹ fɔɹmʌl ɪkliziæstɪkʌl ɹaɪtɪŋ wɪtʃ ʌbteɪnd æt ðæt taɪm; ðɪs hæz sɪns bɪn kɔld "mɪsʌl taɪp,"
slightly clear
very confined sounding
moderate intonation
and was in fact the kind of letter used in the many splendid missals, psalters, etc., produced by printing in the fifteenth century.
LJ001-0023.wav
222.751617
55.134567
52.667603
51.34724
slightly fast
ʌnd wɑz ɪn fækt ðʌ kaɪnd ʌv lɛtɜ˞ juzd ɪn ðʌ mɛni splɛndɪd , sɔltɜ˞z, ɛtsɛtɜ˞ʌ, pɹʌdust baɪ pɹɪntɪŋ ɪn ðʌ fɪftinθ sɛntʃɜ˞i.
moderate ambient sound
slightly confined sounding
moderate intonation
But the first Bible actually dated (which also was printed at Maintz by Peter Schoeffer in the year 1462)
LJ001-0024.wav
224.342163
59.696278
58.154148
59.257488
slightly slowly
bʌt ðʌ fɜ˞st baɪbʌl æktʃuʌli deɪtɪd (wɪtʃ ɔlsoʊ wɑz pɹɪntɪd æt baɪ pitɜ˞ ɪn ðʌ jɪɹ )
slightly clear
very confined sounding
moderate intonation
imitates a much freer hand, simpler, rounder, and less spiky, and therefore far pleasanter and easier to read.
LJ001-0025.wav
241.583633
81.365883
55.250038
32.420124
slightly slowly
ɪmʌteɪts ʌ mʌtʃ fɹiɜ˞ hænd, sɪmpʌlɜ˞, ɹaʊndɜ˞, ʌnd lɛs spaɪki, ʌnd ðɛɹfɔɹ fɑɹ ʌnd iziɜ˞ tu ɹɛd.
slightly clear
very roomy sounding
slightly expressive
On the whole the type of this book may be considered the ne-plus-ultra of Gothic type,
LJ001-0026.wav
252.930008
72.660179
64.922127
35.487804
moderate speed
ɑn ðʌ hoʊl ðʌ taɪp ʌv ðɪs bʊk meɪ bi kʌnsɪdɜ˞d ðʌ ni-plʌs-ʌltɹʌ ʌv ɡɑθɪk taɪp,
quite clear
quite roomy sounding
slightly expressive
especially as regards the lower-case letters; and type very similar was used during the next fifteen or twenty years not only by Schoeffer,
LJ001-0027.wav
232.804565
61.272228
58.015011
52.496559
moderate speed
ʌspɛʃli æz ɹɪɡɑɹdz ðʌ loʊɜ˞-keɪs lɛtɜ˞z; ʌnd taɪp vɛɹi sɪmʌlɜ˞ wɑz juzd dʊɹɪŋ ðʌ nɛkst fɪftin ɔɹ twɛnti jɪɹz nɑt oʊnli baɪ ,
slightly clear
quite confined sounding
moderate intonation
but by printers in Strasburg, Basle, Paris, Lubeck, and other cities.
LJ001-0028.wav
219.549698
49.89613
58.151085
41.138042
slightly slowly
bʌt baɪ pɹɪntɜ˞z ɪn stɹæsbɜ˞ɡ, bæsʌl, pɛɹɪs, lubɛk, ʌnd ʌðɜ˞ sɪtiz.
slightly clear
slightly roomy sounding
slightly monotone
But though on the whole, except in Italy, Gothic letter was most often used
LJ001-0029.wav
224.93985
66.095024
50.203327
58.558743
moderate speed
bʌt ðoʊ ɑn ðʌ hoʊl, ɪksɛpt ɪn ɪtʌli, ɡɑθɪk lɛtɜ˞ wɑz moʊst ɔfʌn juzd
moderate ambient sound
very confined sounding
moderate intonation
a very few years saw the birth of Roman character not only in Italy, but in Germany and France.
LJ001-0030.wav
204.125427
54.493309
53.036961
58.199017
moderate speed
ʌ vɛɹi fju jɪɹz sɔ ðʌ bɜ˞θ ʌv ɹoʊmʌn kɛɹɪktɜ˞ nɑt oʊnli ɪn ɪtʌli, bʌt ɪn dʒɜ˞mʌni ʌnd fɹæns.
moderate ambient sound
very confined sounding
moderate intonation
In 1465 Sweynheim and Pannartz began printing in the monastery of Subiaco near Rome,
LJ001-0031.wav
222.437073
62.883102
54.081299
47.411861
quite slowly
ɪn ʌnd bɪɡæn pɹɪntɪŋ ɪn ðʌ mɑnʌstɛɹi ʌv nɪɹ ɹoʊm,
slightly clear
slightly confined sounding
moderate intonation
and used an exceedingly beautiful type, which is indeed to look at a transition between Gothic and Roman,
LJ001-0032.wav
218.337662
48.535698
55.955059
40.713249
moderate speed
ʌnd juzd æn ɪksidɪŋli bjutʌfʌl taɪp, wɪtʃ ɪz ɪndid tu lʊk æt ʌ tɹænzɪʃʌn bɪtwin ɡɑθɪk ʌnd ɹoʊmʌn,
slightly clear
slightly roomy sounding
slightly monotone
but which must certainly have come from the study of the twelfth or even the eleventh century MSS.
LJ001-0033.wav
228.114807
71.27253
49.549046
49.292526
moderate speed
bʌt wɪtʃ mʌst sɜ˞tʌnli hæv kʌm fɹʌm ðʌ stʌdi ʌv ðʌ twɛlfθ ɔɹ ivɪn ðʌ ɪlɛvʌnθ sɛntʃɜ˞i .
moderate ambient sound
slightly confined sounding
slightly expressive
They printed very few books in this type, three only; but in their very first books in Rome, beginning with the year 1468,
LJ001-0034.wav
215.252991
54.560879
57.047256
37.772316
moderate speed
ðeɪ pɹɪntɪd vɛɹi fju bʊks ɪn ðɪs taɪp, θɹi oʊnli; bʌt ɪn ðɛɹ vɛɹi fɜ˞st bʊks ɪn ɹoʊm, bɪɡɪnɪŋ wɪð ðʌ jɪɹ ,
slightly clear
quite roomy sounding
moderate intonation
they discarded this for a more completely Roman and far less beautiful letter.
LJ001-0035.wav
206.084473
57.583847
59.921158
56.960991
slightly fast
ðeɪ dɪskɑɹdɪd ðɪs fɔɹ ʌ mɔɹ kʌmplitli ɹoʊmʌn ʌnd fɑɹ lɛs bjutʌfʌl lɛtɜ˞.
slightly clear
very confined sounding
moderate intonation
But about the same year Mentelin at Strasburg began to print in a type which is distinctly Roman;
LJ001-0036.wav
229.225449
55.775673
54.986263
58.57597
moderate speed
bʌt ʌbaʊt ðʌ seɪm jɪɹ æt stɹæsbɜ˞ɡ bɪɡæn tu pɹɪnt ɪn ʌ taɪp wɪtʃ ɪz dɪstɪŋktli ɹoʊmʌn;
slightly clear
very confined sounding
moderate intonation
and the next year Gunther Zeiner at Augsburg followed suit;
LJ001-0037.wav
221.19072
50.185314
60.433929
43.086418
moderate speed
ʌnd ðʌ nɛkst jɪɹ ɡʌnθɜ˞ zaɪnɜ˞ æt ɔɡzbɜ˞ɡ fɑloʊd sut;
slightly clear
slightly roomy sounding
slightly monotone
while in 1470 at Paris Udalric Gering and his associates turned out the first books printed in France, also in Roman character.
LJ001-0038.wav
231.435104
62.861748
58.943901
46.224411
slightly slowly
waɪl ɪn æt pɛɹɪs ɡɪɹɪŋ ʌnd hɪz ʌsoʊsiʌts tɜ˞nd aʊt ðʌ fɜ˞st bʊks pɹɪntɪd ɪn fɹæns, ɔlsoʊ ɪn ɹoʊmʌn kɛɹɪktɜ˞.
slightly clear
moderate reverberation
moderate intonation
The Roman type of all these printers is similar in character,
LJ001-0039.wav
229.863556
75.842392
57.288998
59.206059
slightly fast
ðʌ ɹoʊmʌn taɪp ʌv ɔl ðiz pɹɪntɜ˞z ɪz sɪmʌlɜ˞ ɪn kɛɹɪktɜ˞,
slightly clear
very confined sounding
slightly expressive
and is very simple and legible, and unaffectedly designed for use; but it is by no means without beauty.
LJ001-0040.wav
223.092896
68.464119
57.844845
58.195488
moderate speed
ʌnd ɪz vɛɹi sɪmpʌl ʌnd lɛdʒʌbʌl, ʌnd dɪzaɪnd fɔɹ jus; bʌt ɪt ɪz baɪ noʊ minz wɪθaʊt bjuti.
slightly clear
very confined sounding
moderate intonation
It must be said that it is in no way like the transition type of Subiaco,
LJ001-0041.wav
236.305252
51.277706
52.659355
56.472576
moderate speed
ɪt mʌst bi sɛd ðæt ɪt ɪz ɪn noʊ weɪ laɪk ðʌ tɹænzɪʃʌn taɪp ʌv ,
moderate ambient sound
very confined sounding
slightly monotone
and though more Roman than that, yet scarcely more like the complete Roman type of the earliest printers of Rome.
LJ001-0042.wav
196.725876
49.022434
55.60009
47.7813
slightly fast
ʌnd ðoʊ mɔɹ ɹoʊmʌn ðæn ðæt, jɛt skɛɹsli mɔɹ laɪk ðʌ kʌmplit ɹoʊmʌn taɪp ʌv ðʌ ɜ˞liʌst pɹɪntɜ˞z ʌv ɹoʊm.
slightly clear
slightly confined sounding
slightly monotone
A further development of the Roman letter took place at Venice.
LJ001-0043.wav
231.349091
74.03508
51.637054
41.72015
slightly fast
ʌ fɜ˞ðɜ˞ dɪvɛlʌpmʌnt ʌv ðʌ ɹoʊmʌn lɛtɜ˞ tʊk pleɪs æt vɛnʌs.
moderate ambient sound
slightly roomy sounding
slightly expressive
John of Spires and his brother Vindelin, followed by Nicholas Jenson, began to print in that city,
LJ001-0044.wav
218.940872
59.664265
60.530151
52.046761
moderate speed
dʒɑn ʌv spaɪɹz ʌnd hɪz bɹʌðɜ˞ , fɑloʊd baɪ nɪkʌlʌs dʒɛnsʌn, bɪɡæn tu pɹɪnt ɪn ðæt sɪti,
slightly clear
quite confined sounding
moderate intonation
1469, 1470;
LJ001-0045.wav
202.549179
32.385418
58.718105
57.825333
very slowly
, ;
slightly clear
very confined sounding
quite monotone
their type is on the lines of the German and French rather than of the Roman printers.
LJ001-0046.wav
220.938446
55.026642
55.097595
51.023521
slightly fast
ðɛɹ taɪp ɪz ɑn ðʌ laɪnz ʌv ðʌ dʒɜ˞mʌn ʌnd fɹɛntʃ ɹæðɜ˞ ðæn ʌv ðʌ ɹoʊmʌn pɹɪntɜ˞z.
slightly clear
slightly confined sounding
moderate intonation
Of Jenson it must be said that he carried the development of Roman type as far as it can go:
LJ001-0047.wav
244.09465
64.818581
47.313316
56.908207
slightly fast
ʌv dʒɛnsʌn ɪt mʌst bi sɛd ðæt hi kæɹid ðʌ dɪvɛlʌpmʌnt ʌv ɹoʊmʌn taɪp æz fɑɹ æz ɪt kæn ɡoʊ:
slightly noisy
very confined sounding
moderate intonation
his letter is admirably clear and regular, but at least as beautiful as any other Roman type.
LJ001-0048.wav
222.96994
57.811573
49.704975
51.311623
slightly fast
hɪz lɛtɜ˞ ɪz ædmɜ˞ʌbli klɪɹ ʌnd ɹɛɡjʌlɜ˞, bʌt æt list æz bjutʌfʌl æz ɛni ʌðɜ˞ ɹoʊmʌn taɪp.
moderate ambient sound
slightly confined sounding
moderate intonation
After his death in the "fourteen eighties," or at least by 1490, printing in Venice had declined very much;
LJ001-0049.wav
221.093063
55.549908
59.195835
52.756214
moderate speed
æftɜ˞ hɪz dɛθ ɪn ðʌ "fɔɹtin eɪtiz," ɔɹ æt list baɪ , pɹɪntɪŋ ɪn vɛnʌs hæd dɪklaɪnd vɛɹi mʌtʃ;
slightly clear
quite confined sounding
moderate intonation
and though the famous family of Aldus restored its technical excellence, rejecting battered letters,
LJ001-0050.wav
210.445328
50.211758
57.634804
58.418579
moderate speed
ʌnd ðoʊ ðʌ feɪmʌs fæmʌli ʌv ɑldɪs ɹɪstɔɹd ɪts tɛknɪkʌl ɛksʌlʌns, ɹɪdʒɛktɪŋ bætɜ˞d lɛtɜ˞z,
slightly clear
very confined sounding
slightly monotone
and paying great attention to the "press work" or actual process of printing,
LJ001-0051.wav
237.612747
51.267269
53.364532
54.96093
slightly fast
ʌnd peɪɪŋ ɡɹeɪt ʌtɛnʃʌn tu ðʌ "pɹɛs wɜ˞k" ɔɹ æktʃʌwʌl pɹɑsɛs ʌv pɹɪntɪŋ,
moderate ambient sound
quite confined sounding
slightly monotone
yet their type is artistically on a much lower level than Jenson's, and in fact
LJ001-0052.wav
239.502182
58.603256
55.557293
58.154903
moderate speed
jɛt ðɛɹ taɪp ɪz ɑɹtɪstɪkli ɑn ʌ mʌtʃ loʊɜ˞ lɛvʌl ðæn dʒɛnsʌnɛs, ʌnd ɪn fækt
slightly clear
very confined sounding
moderate intonation
they must be considered to have ended the age of fine printing in Italy.
LJ001-0053.wav
210.347977
56.576683
57.603207
44.880184
slightly fast
ðeɪ mʌst bi kʌnsɪdɜ˞d tu hæv ɛndʌd ðʌ eɪdʒ ʌv faɪn pɹɪntɪŋ ɪn ɪtʌli.
slightly clear
moderate reverberation
moderate intonation
Jenson, however, had many contemporaries who used beautiful type,
LJ001-0054.wav
242.245895
68.445793
63.137699
44.36182
slightly fast
dʒɛnsʌn, haʊɛvɜ˞, hæd mɛni kʌntɛmpɜ˞ɛɹiz hu juzd bjutʌfʌl taɪp,
quite clear
moderate reverberation
moderate intonation
some of which -- as, e.g., that of Jacobus Rubeus or Jacques le Rouge -- is scarcely distinguishable from his.
LJ001-0055.wav
211.004456
52.271751
56.984921
58.852039
slightly slowly
sʌm ʌv wɪtʃ -- æz, iɡi, ðæt ʌv dʒʌkoʊbʌs ɔɹ ʒɑk lʌ ɹuʒ -- ɪz skɛɹsli dɪstɪŋɡwɪʃʌbʌl fɹʌm hɪz.
slightly clear
very confined sounding
slightly monotone
It was these great Venetian printers, together with their brethren of Rome, Milan,
LJ001-0056.wav
200.993942
27.21419
52.312321
48.350483
moderate speed
ɪt wɑz ðiz ɡɹeɪt vʌniʃʌn pɹɪntɜ˞z, tʌɡɛðɜ˞ wɪð ðɛɹ bɹɛðɹʌn ʌv ɹoʊm, mʌlɑn,
moderate ambient sound
slightly confined sounding
quite monotone
Parma, and one or two other cities, who produced the splendid editions of the Classics, which are one of the great glories of the printer's art,
LJ001-0057.wav
223.450836
54.350742
55.273029
56.381092
slightly fast
pɑɹmʌ, ʌnd wʌn ɔɹ tu ʌðɜ˞ sɪtiz, hu pɹʌdust ðʌ splɛndɪd ɪdɪʃʌnz ʌv ðʌ klæsɪks, wɪtʃ ɑɹ wʌn ʌv ðʌ ɡɹeɪt ɡlɔɹiz ʌv ðʌ pɹɪntɜ˞z ɑɹt,
slightly clear
very confined sounding
moderate intonation
and are worthy representatives of the eager enthusiasm for the revived learning of that epoch. By far,
LJ001-0058.wav
206.030258
48.521839
51.762585
47.475784
moderate speed
ʌnd ɑɹ wɜ˞ði ɹɛpɹʌzɛntʌtɪvz ʌv ðʌ iɡɜ˞ ɪnθuziæzʌm fɔɹ ðʌ ɹɪvaɪvd lɜ˞nɪŋ ʌv ðæt ɛpʌk. baɪ fɑɹ,
moderate ambient sound
slightly confined sounding
slightly monotone
the greater part of these Italian printers, it should be mentioned, were Germans or Frenchmen, working under the influence of Italian opinion and aims.
LJ001-0059.wav
209.196259
62.564651
51.339596
55.387566
slightly fast
ðʌ ɡɹeɪtɜ˞ pɑɹt ʌv ðiz ɪtæljʌn pɹɪntɜ˞z, ɪt ʃʊd bi mɛnʃʌnd, wɜ˞ dʒɜ˞mʌnz ɔɹ fɹɛntʃmɛn, wɜ˞kɪŋ ʌndɜ˞ ðʌ ɪnfluʌns ʌv ɪtæljʌn ʌpɪnjʌn ʌnd eɪmz.
moderate ambient sound
quite confined sounding
moderate intonation
It must be understood that through the whole of the fifteenth and the first quarter of the sixteenth centuries
LJ001-0060.wav
263.254059
98.656082
56.567966
53.564541
moderate speed
ɪt mʌst bi ʌndɜ˞stʊd ðæt θɹu ðʌ hoʊl ʌv ðʌ fɪftinθ ʌnd ðʌ fɜ˞st kwɔɹtɜ˞ ʌv ðʌ sɪkstinθ sɛntʃɜ˞iz
slightly clear
quite confined sounding
quite expressive
the Roman letter was used side by side with the Gothic.
LJ001-0061.wav
252.272568
77.83699
52.662285
57.95042
slightly fast
ðʌ ɹoʊmʌn lɛtɜ˞ wɑz juzd saɪd baɪ saɪd wɪð ðʌ ɡɑθɪk.
moderate ambient sound
very confined sounding
slightly expressive
Even in Italy most of the theological and law books were printed in Gothic letter,
LJ001-0062.wav
203.667877
55.707973
52.808701
57.758442
slightly fast
ivɪn ɪn ɪtʌli moʊst ʌv ðʌ θiʌlɑdʒɪkʌl ʌnd lɔ bʊks wɜ˞ pɹɪntɪd ɪn ɡɑθɪk lɛtɜ˞,
moderate ambient sound
very confined sounding
moderate intonation
which was generally more formally Gothic than the printing of the German workmen,
LJ001-0063.wav
222.181793
66.199257
58.656357
58.945271
slightly fast
wɪtʃ wɑz dʒɛnɜ˞ʌli mɔɹ fɔɹmʌli ɡɑθɪk ðæn ðʌ pɹɪntɪŋ ʌv ðʌ dʒɜ˞mʌn wɜ˞kmɪn,
slightly clear
very confined sounding
moderate intonation
many of whose types, indeed, like that of the Subiaco works, are of a transitional character.
LJ001-0064.wav
210.140137
52.049595
56.624512
43.432465
moderate speed
mɛni ʌv huz taɪps, ɪndid, laɪk ðæt ʌv ðʌ wɜ˞ks, ɑɹ ʌv ʌ tɹænsɪʃʌnʌl kɛɹɪktɜ˞.
slightly clear
moderate reverberation
slightly monotone
This was notably the case with the early works printed at Ulm, and in a somewhat lesser degree at Augsburg.
LJ001-0065.wav
193.501221
46.340111
59.48859
55.368294
moderate speed
ðɪs wɑz noʊtʌbli ðʌ keɪs wɪð ðʌ ɜ˞li wɜ˞ks pɹɪntɪd æt ʌlm, ʌnd ɪn ʌ sʌmwʌt lɛsɜ˞ dɪɡɹi æt ɔɡzbɜ˞ɡ.
slightly clear
quite confined sounding
slightly monotone
In fact Gunther Zeiner's first type (afterwards used by Schussler) is remarkably like the type of the before-mentioned Subiaco books.
LJ001-0066.wav
210.287811
55.519238
59.197945
52.892597
moderate speed
ɪn fækt ɡʌnθɜ˞ zaɪnɜ˞ɛs fɜ˞st taɪp (æftɜ˞wɜ˞dz juzd baɪ ʃʌslɜ˞) ɪz ɹɪmɑɹkʌbli laɪk ðʌ taɪp ʌv ðʌ bɪfɔɹ-mɛnʃʌnd bʊks.
slightly clear
quite confined sounding
moderate intonation
In the Low Countries and Cologne, which were very fertile of printed books, Gothic was the favorite.
LJ001-0067.wav
212.03537
50.210018
56.218826
55.877113
moderate speed
ɪn ðʌ loʊ kʌntɹiz ʌnd kʌloʊn, wɪtʃ wɜ˞ vɛɹi fɜ˞tʌl ʌv pɹɪntɪd bʊks, ɡɑθɪk wɑz ðʌ feɪvɜ˞ɪt.
slightly clear
very confined sounding
slightly monotone
The characteristic Dutch type, as represented by the excellent printer Gerard Leew, is very pronounced and uncompromising Gothic.
LJ001-0068.wav
206.067657
52.320389
58.964897
38.362694
moderate speed
ðʌ kɛɹʌktɜ˞ɪstɪk dʌtʃ taɪp, æz ɹɛpɹɪzɛntɪd baɪ ðʌ ɛksʌlʌnt pɹɪntɜ˞ dʒɜ˞ɑɹd , ɪz vɛɹi pɹʌnaʊnst ʌnd ʌnkɑmpɹʌmaɪzɪŋ ɡɑθɪk.
slightly clear
quite roomy sounding
moderate intonation
This type was introduced into England by Wynkyn de Worde, Caxton's successor,
LJ001-0069.wav
220.036194
48.632149
62.375664
34.740177
moderate speed
ðɪs taɪp wɑz ɪntɹʌdust ɪntu ɪŋɡlʌnd baɪ di , kækstʌnɛs sʌksɛsɜ˞,
quite clear
quite roomy sounding
slightly monotone
and was used there with very little variation all through the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and indeed into the eighteenth.
LJ001-0070.wav
230.515747
57.981339
58.66436
50.791878
slightly fast
ʌnd wɑz juzd ðɛɹ wɪð vɛɹi lɪtʌl vɛɹieɪʃʌn ɔl θɹu ðʌ sɪkstinθ ʌnd sɛvʌntinθ sɛntʃɜ˞iz, ʌnd ɪndid ɪntu ðʌ eɪtinθ.
slightly clear
slightly confined sounding
moderate intonation
Most of Caxton's own types are of an earlier character, though they also much resemble Flemish or Cologne letter.
LJ001-0071.wav
215.501343
62.569534
56.02121
57.55582
slightly fast
moʊst ʌv kækstʌnɛs oʊn taɪps ɑɹ ʌv æn ɜ˞liɜ˞ kɛɹɪktɜ˞, ðoʊ ðeɪ ɔlsoʊ mʌtʃ ɹɪzɛmbʌl flɛmɪʃ ɔɹ kʌloʊn lɛtɜ˞.
slightly clear
very confined sounding
moderate intonation
After the end of the fifteenth century the degradation of printing, especially in Germany and Italy,
LJ001-0072.wav
226.753036
58.242504
63.020004
42.758186
slightly fast
æftɜ˞ ðʌ ɛnd ʌv ðʌ fɪftinθ sɛntʃɜ˞i ðʌ dɛɡɹʌdeɪʃʌn ʌv pɹɪntɪŋ, ʌspɛʃli ɪn dʒɜ˞mʌni ʌnd ɪtʌli,
quite clear
slightly roomy sounding
moderate intonation
went on apace; and by the end of the sixteenth century there was no really beautiful printing done:
LJ001-0073.wav
208.499817
60.334045
58.077801
52.785713
moderate speed
wɛnt ɑn ʌpeɪs; ʌnd baɪ ðʌ ɛnd ʌv ðʌ sɪkstinθ sɛntʃɜ˞i ðɛɹ wɑz noʊ ɹɪli bjutʌfʌl pɹɪntɪŋ dʌn:
slightly clear
quite confined sounding
moderate intonation
the best, mostly French or Low-Country, was neat and clear, but without any distinction;
LJ001-0074.wav
219.368607
59.093822
55.456036
54.49942
moderate speed
ðʌ bɛst, moʊstli fɹɛntʃ ɔɹ loʊ-kʌntɹi, wɑz nit ʌnd klɪɹ, bʌt wɪθaʊt ɛni dɪstɪŋkʃʌn;
slightly clear
quite confined sounding
moderate intonation
the worst, which perhaps was the English, was a terrible falling-off from the work of the earlier presses;
LJ001-0075.wav
223.612946
59.794094
56.213799
58.226746
moderate speed
ðʌ wɜ˞st, wɪtʃ pɜ˞hæps wɑz ðʌ ɪŋɡlɪʃ, wɑz ʌ tɛɹʌbʌl fɑlɪŋ-ɔf fɹʌm ðʌ wɜ˞k ʌv ðʌ ɜ˞liɜ˞ pɹɛsʌz;
slightly clear
very confined sounding
moderate intonation
and things got worse and worse through the whole of the seventeenth century, so that in the eighteenth printing was very miserably performed.
LJ001-0076.wav
206.195908
46.993694
60.818481
52.578522
moderate speed
ʌnd θɪŋz ɡɑt wɜ˞s ʌnd wɜ˞s θɹu ðʌ hoʊl ʌv ðʌ sɛvʌntinθ sɛntʃɜ˞i, soʊ ðæt ɪn ðʌ eɪtinθ pɹɪntɪŋ wɑz vɛɹi mɪzɜ˞ʌbli pɜ˞fɔɹmd.
quite clear
quite confined sounding
slightly monotone
In England about this time, an attempt was made (notably by Caslon, who started business in London as a type-founder in 1720)
LJ001-0077.wav
198.4767
49.997833
50.995903
50.179928
moderate speed
ɪn ɪŋɡlʌnd ʌbaʊt ðɪs taɪm, æn ʌtɛmpt wɑz meɪd (noʊtʌbli baɪ , hu stɑɹtɪd bɪznʌs ɪn lʌndʌn æz ʌ taɪp-faʊndɜ˞ ɪn )
moderate ambient sound
slightly confined sounding
slightly monotone
to improve the letter in form.
LJ001-0078.wav
248.172852
77.64196
51.437614
58.332275
moderate speed
tu ɪmpɹuv ðʌ lɛtɜ˞ ɪn fɔɹm.
moderate ambient sound
very confined sounding
slightly expressive
Caslon's type is clear and neat, and fairly well designed;
LJ001-0079.wav
237.688934
73.960983
54.917084
58.238213
slightly slowly
ɛs taɪp ɪz klɪɹ ʌnd nit, ʌnd fɛɹli wɛl dɪzaɪnd;
slightly clear
very confined sounding
slightly expressive
he seems to have taken the letter of the Elzevirs of the seventeenth century for his model:
LJ001-0080.wav
231.463593
75.923523
46.879673
59.166969
slightly fast
hi simz tu hæv teɪkʌn ðʌ lɛtɜ˞ ʌv ðʌ ʌv ðʌ sɛvʌntinθ sɛntʃɜ˞i fɔɹ hɪz mɑdʌl:
slightly noisy
very confined sounding
slightly expressive
type cast from his matrices is still in everyday use.
LJ001-0081.wav
247.79039
61.663422
43.986454
30.680962
slightly slowly
taɪp kæst fɹʌm hɪz meɪtɹɪsɪz ɪz stɪl ɪn ɛvɹideɪ jus.
slightly noisy
very roomy sounding
moderate intonation
In spite, however, of his praiseworthy efforts, printing had still one last degradation to undergo.
LJ001-0082.wav
235.847046
54.779709
51.155827
53.557507
moderate speed
ɪn spaɪt, haʊɛvɜ˞, ʌv hɪz pɹeɪzwɜ˞ði ɛfɜ˞ts, pɹɪntɪŋ hæd stɪl wʌn læst dɛɡɹʌdeɪʃʌn tu ʌndɜ˞ɡoʊ.
moderate ambient sound
quite confined sounding
moderate intonation
The seventeenth century founts were bad rather negatively than positively.
LJ001-0083.wav
222.29538
58.33794
51.945156
59.020943
moderate speed
ðʌ sɛvʌntinθ sɛntʃɜ˞i wɜ˞ bæd ɹæðɜ˞ nɛɡʌtɪvli ðæn pɑzʌtɪvli.
moderate ambient sound
very confined sounding
moderate intonation
But for the beauty of the earlier work they might have seemed tolerable.
LJ001-0084.wav
216.457993
55.000351
54.826714
39.590023
slightly fast
bʌt fɔɹ ðʌ bjuti ʌv ðʌ ɜ˞liɜ˞ wɜ˞k ðeɪ maɪt hæv simd tɑlɜ˞ʌbʌl.
slightly clear
slightly roomy sounding
moderate intonation
It was reserved for the founders of the later eighteenth century to produce letters which are positively ugly, and which, it may be added,
LJ001-0085.wav
234.502029
73.33902
57.137459
55.558949
slightly fast
ɪt wɑz ɹɪzɜ˞vd fɔɹ ðʌ faʊndɜ˞z ʌv ðʌ leɪtɜ˞ eɪtinθ sɛntʃɜ˞i tu pɹʌdus lɛtɜ˞z wɪtʃ ɑɹ pɑzʌtɪvli ʌɡli, ʌnd wɪtʃ, ɪt meɪ bi ædʌd,
slightly clear
quite confined sounding
slightly expressive
are dazzling and unpleasant to the eye owing to the clumsy thickening and vulgar thinning of the lines:
LJ001-0086.wav
204.70961
72.963005
52.741165
58.464142
moderate speed
ɑɹ dæzʌlɪŋ ʌnd ʌnplɛzʌnt tu ðʌ aɪ oʊɪŋ tu ðʌ klʌmzi θɪkʌnɪŋ ʌnd vʌlɡɜ˞ θɪnɪŋ ʌv ðʌ laɪnz:
moderate ambient sound
very confined sounding
slightly expressive
for the seventeenth-century letters are at least pure and simple in line. The Italian, Bodoni, and the Frenchman, Didot,
LJ001-0087.wav
209.936935
72.100334
57.545765
56.767956
moderate speed
fɔɹ ðʌ sɛvʌntinθ-sɛntʃɜ˞i lɛtɜ˞z ɑɹ æt list pjʊɹ ʌnd sɪmpʌl ɪn laɪn. ðʌ ɪtæljʌn, , ʌnd ðʌ fɹɛntʃmæn, ,
slightly clear
very confined sounding
slightly expressive
were the leaders in this luckless change, though our own Baskerville, who was at work some years before them, went much on the same lines;
LJ001-0088.wav
211.918152
55.374725
59.880695
59.477657
moderate speed
wɜ˞ ðʌ lidɜ˞z ɪn ðɪs lʌklʌs tʃeɪndʒ, ðoʊ aʊɜ˞ oʊn bæskɜ˞vɪl, hu wɑz æt wɜ˞k sʌm jɪɹz bɪfɔɹ ðɛm, wɛnt mʌtʃ ɑn ðʌ seɪm laɪnz;
slightly clear
very confined sounding
moderate intonation
but his letters, though uninteresting and poor, are not nearly so gross and vulgar as those of either the Italian or the Frenchman.
LJ001-0089.wav
216.291565
60.627541
57.384251
59.198082
moderate speed
bʌt hɪz lɛtɜ˞z, ðoʊ ʌnɪntɹʌstɪŋ ʌnd puɹ, ɑɹ nɑt nɪɹli soʊ ɡɹoʊs ʌnd vʌlɡɜ˞ æz ðoʊz ʌv iðɜ˞ ðʌ ɪtæljʌn ɔɹ ðʌ fɹɛntʃmæn.
slightly clear
very confined sounding
moderate intonation
With this change the art of printing touched bottom,
LJ001-0090.wav
210.375
51.293682
57.039936
59.302208
moderate speed
wɪð ðɪs tʃeɪndʒ ðʌ ɑɹt ʌv pɹɪntɪŋ tʌtʃt bɑtʌm,
slightly clear
very confined sounding
slightly monotone
so far as fine printing is concerned, though paper did not get to its worst till about 1840.
LJ001-0091.wav
206.999069
56.372662
56.586746
58.476723
moderate speed
soʊ fɑɹ æz faɪn pɹɪntɪŋ ɪz kʌnsɜ˞nd, ðoʊ peɪpɜ˞ dɪd nɑt ɡɛt tu ɪts wɜ˞st tɪl ʌbaʊt .
slightly clear
very confined sounding
moderate intonation
The Chiswick press in 1844 revived Caslon's founts, printing for Messrs. Longman the Diary of Lady Willoughby.
LJ001-0092.wav
205.074799
56.491684
53.351269
54.248375
slightly slowly
ðʌ tʃɪzwɪk pɹɛs ɪn ɹɪvaɪvd ɛs , pɹɪntɪŋ fɔɹ mɛsɜ˞z lɔŋmʌn ðʌ daɪɜ˞i ʌv leɪdi wɪlʌbi.
moderate ambient sound
quite confined sounding
moderate intonation
This experiment was so far successful that about 1850 Messrs. Miller and Richard of Edinburgh
LJ001-0093.wav
247.035385
74.14048
58.33963
41.547832
moderate speed
ðɪs ɪkspɛɹʌmʌnt wɑz soʊ fɑɹ sʌksɛsfʌl ðæt ʌbaʊt mɛsɜ˞z mɪlɜ˞ ʌnd ɹɪtʃɜ˞d ʌv ɛdʌnbɜ˞oʊ
slightly clear
slightly roomy sounding
slightly expressive
were induced to cut punches for a series of "old style" letters.
LJ001-0094.wav
249.862717
58.133232
50.007164
50.9062
slightly fast
wɜ˞ ɪndust tu kʌt pʌntʃɪz fɔɹ ʌ sɪɹiz ʌv "oʊld staɪl" lɛtɜ˞z.
moderate ambient sound
slightly confined sounding
moderate intonation
These and similar founts, cast by the above firm and others,
LJ001-0095.wav
220.454025
64.100822
56.950409
59.783226
moderate speed
ðiz ʌnd sɪmʌlɜ˞ , kæst baɪ ðʌ ʌbʌv fɜ˞m ʌnd ʌðɜ˞z,
slightly clear
very confined sounding
moderate intonation
have now come into general use and are obviously a great improvement on the ordinary "modern style" in use in England, which is in fact the Bodoni type
LJ001-0096.wav
212.708725
59.416046
55.875095
58.662422
slightly fast
hæv naʊ kʌm ɪntu dʒɛnɜ˞ʌl jus ʌnd ɑɹ ɑbviʌsli ʌ ɡɹeɪt ɪmpɹuvmʌnt ɑn ðʌ ɔɹdʌnɛɹi "mɑdɜ˞n staɪl" ɪn jus ɪn ɪŋɡlʌnd, wɪtʃ ɪz ɪn fækt ðʌ taɪp
slightly clear
very confined sounding
moderate intonation
a little reduced in ugliness. The design of the letters of this modern "old style" leaves a good deal to be desired,
LJ001-0097.wav
188.799484
50.658485
54.351044
53.59362
moderate speed
ʌ lɪtʌl ɹʌdust ɪn ʌɡlinʌs. ðʌ dɪzaɪn ʌv ðʌ lɛtɜ˞z ʌv ðɪs mɑdɜ˞n "oʊld staɪl" livz ʌ ɡʊd dil tu bi dɪzaɪɜ˞d,
slightly clear
quite confined sounding
slightly monotone
and the whole effect is a little too gray, owing to the thinness of the letters.
LJ001-0098.wav
214.699585
68.645996
52.032166
59.268608
slightly fast
ʌnd ðʌ hoʊl ɪfɛkt ɪz ʌ lɪtʌl tu ɡɹeɪ, oʊɪŋ tu ðʌ θɪnnɪs ʌv ðʌ lɛtɜ˞z.
moderate ambient sound
very confined sounding
moderate intonation
It must be remembered, however, that most modern printing is done by machinery on soft paper, and not by the hand press,
LJ001-0099.wav
214.73848
54.816006
60.569836
59.250347
slightly fast
ɪt mʌst bi ɹɪmɛmbɜ˞d, haʊɛvɜ˞, ðæt moʊst mɑdɜ˞n pɹɪntɪŋ ɪz dʌn baɪ mʌʃinɜ˞i ɑn sɑft peɪpɜ˞, ʌnd nɑt baɪ ðʌ hænd pɹɛs,
slightly clear
very confined sounding
moderate intonation
and these somewhat wiry letters are suitable for the machine process, which would not do justice to letters of more generous design.
LJ001-0100.wav
209.842987
69.942978
51.75893
51.414463
moderate speed
ʌnd ðiz sʌmwʌt wɪɹi lɛtɜ˞z ɑɹ sutʌbʌl fɔɹ ðʌ mʌʃin pɹɑsɛs, wɪtʃ wʊd nɑt du dʒʌstʌs tu lɛtɜ˞z ʌv mɔɹ dʒɛnɜ˞ʌs dɪzaɪn.
moderate ambient sound
slightly confined sounding
slightly expressive
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