Saputello/scienceqa_testmini · Datasets at Hugging Face

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	What type of rock is conglomerate?	[ "sedimentary", "igneous", "metamorphic" ]	0	This is a piece of conglomerate. Conglomerate has grains of various sizes, such as sand, mud, and pebbles. Do you see the pebbles that are part of this rock? Conglomerate forms when sediments of different sizes are deposited in one place. This usually happens in riverbeds. Conglomerate forms when layers of sand, mud, and pebbles are pressed together to form rock.	closed choice	grade7	natural science	earth-science	Rocks and minerals	Classify rocks as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic	Igneous rock is formed when melted rock cools and hardens into solid rock. This type of change can occur at Earth's surface or below it. Sedimentary rock is formed when layers of sediment are pressed together, or compacted, to make rock. This type of change occurs below Earth's surface. Metamorphic rock is formed when a rock is changed by very high temperature and pressure. This type of change often occurs deep below Earth's surface. Over time, the old rock becomes a new rock with different properties.	Conglomerate is a sedimentary rock. Like other sedimentary rocks, it forms from layers of sediment. Material that is eroded in nature is called sediment. Sand, mud, and pebbles are all types of sediment. Over time, layers of these sediments can build up in places like riverbeds. The top layers press down on the bottom layers, squeezing out water and air. Conglomerate forms when the bottom layers of sediment are pressed together to form rock.
	What is the name of the colony shown?	[ "New Jersey", "South Carolina", "West Virginia", "Rhode Island" ]	1		closed choice	grade8	social science	us-history	Colonial America	Identify the Thirteen Colonies		The colony is South Carolina.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which text uses the word disinterested in its traditional sense?	[ "As a teacher of American history, Mr. McDowell tries to remain disinterested when discussing controversial issues, giving equal attention and consideration to each major viewpoint.", "As an experienced teacher of American history, Mr. McDowell believes that playing history-based trivia games will revive even the most disinterested of students." ]	0		closed choice	grade9	language science	writing-strategies	Word usage and nuance	Explore words with new or contested usages	Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner. When a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences. Britney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam. The traditional usage above is considered more standard. David perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages. The nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.	The first text uses disinterested in its traditional sense: unbiased or impartial. As a teacher of American history, Mr. McDowell tries to remain disinterested when discussing controversial issues, giving equal attention and consideration to each major viewpoint. The second text uses disinterested in its nontraditional sense: uninterested or indifferent. As an experienced teacher of American history, Mr. McDowell believes that playing history-based trivia games will revive even the most disinterested of students. Most style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word disinterested because it is considered more standard.
	What is the capital of Wyoming?	[ "Santa Fe", "Laramie", "Salt Lake City", "Cheyenne" ]	3		closed choice	grade5	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify the 50 state capitals		Cheyenne is the capital of Wyoming.
	Which air temperature was measured within the outlined area shown?	[ "-24°C", "3°C", "-4°C" ]	0	The map below shows air temperatures in the lower atmosphere on April 19, 2016. The outlined area shows an air mass that influenced weather in North America on that day. Look at the map. Then, answer the question below. Data source: United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Earth System Research Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division	closed choice	grade6	natural science	earth-science	Weather and climate	Identify and compare air masses	To study air masses, scientists can use maps that show conditions within Earth's atmosphere. For example, the map below uses color to show air temperatures. The map's legend tells you the temperature that each color represents. Colors on the left in the legend represent lower temperatures than colors on the right. For example, areas on the map that are the darkest shade of blue have a temperature from -25°C up to -20°C. Areas that are the next darkest shade of blue have a temperature from -20°C up to -15°C.	Look at the colors shown within the outlined area. Then, use the legend to determine which air temperatures those colors represent. 15°C. -24°C is within this range. -4°C and 3°C are outside of this range.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?	[ "After Jenny scolded Annie for missing the deadline, she felt awful.", "Jenny felt awful after she scolded Annie for missing the deadline." ]	0		closed choice	grade10	language science	writing-strategies	Pronouns	Identify vague pronoun references	When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent. When Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief. The pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear. Vague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways: 1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent: When Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief. 2. Rewrite the sentence: Lisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed. A vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent. They say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear. This problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent. The advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.	The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Jenny or Annie. After Jenny scolded Annie for missing the deadline, she felt awful. The first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear. Jenny felt awful after she scolded Annie for missing the deadline.
	Which continent is highlighted?	[ "Europe", "Africa", "Asia", "North America" ]	2		closed choice	grade3	social science	geography	Geography	Identify oceans and continents	A continent is one of the seven largest areas of land on earth.	This continent is Asia.
	What is the capital of Washington?	[ "Spokane", "Olympia", "Springfield", "Seattle" ]	1		closed choice	grade5	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify state capitals of the West		Olympia is the capital of Washington.
	What is the capital of Colorado?	[ "Denver", "Boulder", "Olympia", "Tallahassee" ]	0		closed choice	grade4	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify the 50 state capitals		Denver is the capital of Colorado.
	Which bird's beak is also adapted to catch fish?	[ "common kingfisher", "European robin" ]	0	Common loons live near lakes, rivers, and oceans. They can dive 60 meters below the surface to catch fish. Figure: common loon.	closed choice	grade3	natural science	biology	Adaptations	Animal adaptations: beaks, mouths, and necks	An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The shape of a bird's beak is one example of an adaptation. Birds' beaks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a sharp hooked beak might help a bird tear through meat easily. A short, thick beak might help a bird break through a seed's hard shell. Birds that eat similar food often have similar beaks.	Look at the picture of the common loon. The common loon has a long, straight beak with a sharp tip. Its beak is adapted to catch fish. The common loon can use its beak to grab the slippery body of a fish underwater. It can also catch a fish by stabbing it with its beak. Now look at each bird. Figure out which bird has a similar adaptation. The common kingfisher has a long, straight beak with a sharp tip. Its beak is adapted to catch fish. The European robin has a short, thin beak. Its beak is not adapted to catch fish. The European robin uses its beak to eat insects and other small invertebrates.
Not supported with pagination yet	What do these two changes have in common? a copper statue turning green firing a clay pot in a hot kiln	[ "Both are caused by cooling.", "Both are caused by heating.", "Both are only physical changes.", "Both are chemical changes." ]	3		closed choice	grade7	natural science	chemistry	Chemical reactions	Compare physical and chemical changes	Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule. In a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different. Some chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns. In a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same. A change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water. The law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.	Step 1: Think about each change. A copper statue turning green is a chemical change. The copper reacts with oxygen in the air. This reaction forms a different type of matter called copper oxide. The copper oxide is green. Firing a clay pot in a hot kiln is a chemical change. High temperatures cause the clay to slowly harden. After several hours in the kiln, the clay will have changed into a different type of matter. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different. Both are caused by heating. Firing clay is caused by heating. But a copper statue turning green is not. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which object has more thermal energy?	[ "a cherry pie at a temperature of 110°F", "a cherry pie at a temperature of 80°F" ]	0	The objects are identical except for their temperatures.	closed choice	grade3	natural science	physics	Heat and thermal energy	How is temperature related to thermal energy?	All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy. Temperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.	The two cherry pies have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 110°F pie is hotter than the 80°F pie, it has more thermal energy.
	Which ocean is highlighted?	[ "the Pacific Ocean", "the Southern Ocean", "the Indian Ocean", "the Atlantic Ocean" ]	2		closed choice	grade7	social science	geography	Physical Geography	Oceans and continents	Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean.	This is the Indian Ocean.
Not supported with pagination yet	How long is an adult great white shark?	[ "4 yards", "4 inches", "4 feet" ]	0	Select the best estimate.	closed choice	grade5	natural science	units-and-measurement	Units and measurement	Choose customary units of distance	Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means. When you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles. There are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile. A football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.	The best estimate for the length of an adult great white shark is 4 yards. 4 inches and 4 feet are both too short.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which logical fallacy is used in the text? President Townsend is an effective communicator, because he has a natural talent for speaking with people.	[ "false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist", "circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself" ]	1		closed choice	grade8	language science	writing-strategies	Developing and supporting arguments	Classify logical fallacies	A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions. A logical fallacy may present irrelevant information: Fallacy \| Description ad hominem \| a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent appeal to nature \| an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice bandwagon fallacy \| an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice circular reasoning \| an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself guilt by association \| an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something red herring \| the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim A logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand: Fallacy \| Description false causation \| the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other false dichotomy \| an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist hasty generalization \| a very broad claim based on very little evidence straw man \| a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against	The text argues that President Townsend is an effective communicator because he communicates well. However, the "evidence" is just a restatement of the claim itself. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as circular reasoning.
	Which ocean is highlighted?	[ "the Southern Ocean", "the Indian Ocean", "the Arctic Ocean", "the Pacific Ocean" ]	0		closed choice	grade6	social science	geography	Physical Geography	Oceans and continents	Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean.	This is the Southern Ocean. The Southern Ocean reaches from the shores of Antarctica to 60° South latitude.
	What is the capital of Hawaii?	[ "Honolulu", "Carson City", "Hilo", "Denver" ]	0		closed choice	grade5	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify the 50 state capitals		Honolulu is the capital of Hawaii.
Not supported with pagination yet	What information supports the conclusion that Warren inherited this trait?	[ "Warren's parents have blond hair. They passed down this trait to Warren.", "Warren's mother cuts his hair every month." ]	0	Read the description of a trait. Warren has blond hair.	closed choice	grade5	natural science	biology	Traits and heredity	Inherited and acquired traits: use evidence to support a statement	Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways. Inherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned. Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.
Not supported with pagination yet	What do these two changes have in common? erosion caused by wind ice melting in a cup	[ "Both are caused by cooling.", "Both are caused by heating.", "Both are chemical changes.", "Both are only physical changes." ]	3		closed choice	grade7	natural science	chemistry	Chemical reactions	Compare physical and chemical changes	Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule. In a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different. Some chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns. In a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same. A change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water. The law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.	Step 1: Think about each change. Erosion caused by wind is a physical change. The wind carries away tiny pieces of rock. But the pieces of rock do not become a different type of matter. Ice melting in a cup is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The solid ice becomes liquid, but it is still made of water. The links between atoms in the water molecules do not change. So, a different type of matter is not formed. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are physical changes. No new matter is created. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes. Both are caused by heating. Ice melting is caused by heating. But erosion caused by wind is not. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.
	Is the following statement about our solar system true or false? The smallest planet is made mainly of rock.	[ "false", "true" ]	1	Use the data to answer the question below.	true-or false	grade7	natural science	earth-science	Astronomy	Analyze data to compare properties of planets	A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet. The primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.	The table tells you that the smallest planet is Mercury and that Mercury is made mainly of rock. So, the smallest planet is made mainly of rock.
	What is the capital of Arkansas?	[ "Columbia", "Austin", "Fayetteville", "Little Rock" ]	3		closed choice	grade4	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify state capitals of the Southeast		Little Rock is the capital of Arkansas.
Not supported with pagination yet	Select the solid.	[ "grape juice", "spoon", "rain" ]	1		closed choice	grade2	natural science	physics	States of matter	Identify solids and liquids	Solid and liquid are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms. When matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own. Some solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break. A glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid. When matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container. Think about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space. Juice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which bowl of oatmeal has a lower temperature?	[ "the bowl of oatmeal with less thermal energy", "the bowl of oatmeal with more thermal energy" ]	0	Two bowls of oatmeal are identical except for their thermal energies.	closed choice	grade6	natural science	physics	Thermal energy	How are temperature and mass related to thermal energy?	Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving. The energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving. Temperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature. What happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70°F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70°F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.	The two bowls of oatmeal are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the bowl of oatmeal with less thermal energy has a lower temperature.
	Which country is highlighted?	[ "Vanuatu", "Tuvalu", "Tonga", "Fiji" ]	3		closed choice	grade7	social science	geography	Oceania: geography	Identify and select countries of Oceania		This country is Fiji.
Not supported with pagination yet	Select the bird.	[ "anchovy", "porcupinefish", "fruit bat", "flamingo" ]	3		closed choice	grade5	natural science	biology	Classification	Identify mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians	Birds have feathers, two wings, and a beak.	An anchovy is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. An anchovy is a small fish that lives in the ocean. Like some other types of fish, anchovies swim in large groups called schools. A porcupinefish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. Porcupinefish can puff up their bodies with air or water to scare off predators. A flamingo is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak. Flamingos live in large groups. These groups are called flocks. A fruit bat is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk. Fruit bats eat fruit and drink nectar from flowers. They have special teeth to help them bite through fruit skins.
	What is the name of the colony shown?	[ "South Carolina", "Connecticut", "Massachusetts", "Georgia" ]	1		closed choice	grade5	social science	us-history	English colonies in North America	Identify the Thirteen Colonies		The colony is Connecticut.
	What can Clara and Harry trade to each get what they want?	[ "Harry can trade his almonds for Clara's tomatoes.", "Clara can trade her tomatoes for Harry's carrots.", "Harry can trade his broccoli for Clara's oranges.", "Clara can trade her tomatoes for Harry's broccoli." ]	3	Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Clara and Harry open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Neither Clara nor Harry got everything that they wanted. The table below shows which items they each wanted: Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below. Clara's lunch Harry's lunch	closed choice	grade8	social science	economics	Basic economic principles	Trade and specialization		Look at the table and images. Clara wants broccoli. Harry wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which text uses the word disinterested in its traditional sense?	[ "As a teacher of American history, Mr. McDowell tries to remain disinterested when discussing controversial issues, giving equal attention and consideration to each major viewpoint.", "As an experienced teacher of American history, Mr. McDowell believes that playing history-based trivia games will revive even the most disinterested of students." ]	0		closed choice	grade9	language science	writing-strategies	Word usage and nuance	Explore words with new or contested usages	Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner. When a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences. Britney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam. The traditional usage above is considered more standard. David perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages. The nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.	The first text uses disinterested in its traditional sense: unbiased or impartial. As a teacher of American history, Mr. McDowell tries to remain disinterested when discussing controversial issues, giving equal attention and consideration to each major viewpoint. The second text uses disinterested in its nontraditional sense: uninterested or indifferent. As an experienced teacher of American history, Mr. McDowell believes that playing history-based trivia games will revive even the most disinterested of students. Most style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word disinterested because it is considered more standard.
	Which animal's limbs are also adapted for climbing trees?	[ "California sea lion", "lar gibbon" ]	1	Chimpanzees live in the forests of Central Africa. Their limbs are adapted for climbing trees. Figure: chimpanzee.	closed choice	grade4	natural science	biology	Adaptations	Animal adaptations: feet and limbs	An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. Arms, legs, flippers, and wings are different types of limbs. The type of limbs an animal has is an example of an adaptation. Animals' limbs can be adapted in different ways. For example, long legs might help an animal run fast. Flippers might help an animal swim. Wings might help an animal fly.	Look at the picture of the chimpanzee. The chimpanzee uses its long limbs to reach branches while climbing. It uses its fingers and toes to grab the branches. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation. The lar gibbon has long limbs with fingers and toes. Its limbs are adapted for climbing trees. The California sea lion has flippers. Its limbs are not adapted for climbing trees. The California sea lion uses its flippers to swim underwater.
Not supported with pagination yet	Would you find the word side on a dictionary page with the following guide words? skirt - stories	[ "no", "yes" ]	0		yes or no	grade8	language science	reference-skills	Reference skills	Use guide words	Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order. To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on. If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.	Put the words in alphabetical order. Since side is not between the guide words skirt - stories, it would not be found on that page.
	What is the capital of New York?	[ "Montpelier", "New York City", "Louisville", "Albany" ]	3		closed choice	grade3	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify state capitals of the Northeast		Albany is the capital of New York.
Not supported with pagination yet	Does the sentence use a simile or a metaphor? From across the room, Uncle Josh's laughter was booming thunder.	[ "metaphor", "simile" ]	0		closed choice	grade4	language science	figurative-language	Literary devices	Identify similes and metaphors	Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike. A simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as. My sister runs like a cheetah. The sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like. A cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast. The cat's fur was as dark as the night. The cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as. The night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark. A metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as. The snow formed a blanket over the town. The snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as. A blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely. Using similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.	From across the room, Uncle Josh's laughter was booming thunder. The words laughter and thunder are compared without the word like or as. So, the sentence uses a metaphor.
	What is the capital of New Hampshire?	[ "Salem", "Concord", "Fort Wayne", "Manchester" ]	1		closed choice	grade4	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify state capitals of the Northeast		Concord is the capital of New Hampshire.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which figure of speech is used in this text? Well, that's cast rather a gloom over the evening, hasn't it? —Dinner guest, after a visit from the Grim Reaper, in Monty Python's The Meaning of Life	[ "understatement", "antithesis" ]	0		closed choice	grade11	language science	figurative-language	Literary devices	Classify the figure of speech: anaphora, antithesis, apostrophe, assonance, chiasmus, understatement	Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive. Anaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses. We are united. We are powerful. We are winners. Antithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure. I want to help, not to hurt. Apostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity. Oh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully? Assonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words. Try to light the fire. Chiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words. Never let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you. Understatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is. As you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.	The text uses understatement, which involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is. Rather a gloom is an understatement, since a visit from Death would presumably ruin an evening.
Not supported with pagination yet	How long is a spider's leg?	[ "20 meters", "20 kilometers", "20 millimeters" ]	2	Select the best estimate.	closed choice	grade5	natural science	units-and-measurement	Units and measurement	Choose metric units of distance	Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means. When you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter. The tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long. A red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.	The best estimate for the length of a spider's leg is 20 millimeters. 20 meters and 20 kilometers are both too long.
Not supported with pagination yet	Select the living thing.	[ "flower pot", "computer", "raspberry bush", "airplane" ]	2		closed choice	grade4	natural science	biology	Classification	Identify living and nonliving things	All living things are made up of cells. Plants, animals, and some fungi have many cells. Other living things are made up of just one cell. All living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. They use energy from food to grow and change. All living things sense changes in their environment. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense.	An airplane is not a living thing. An airplane does not have all the traits of a living thing. It needs energy to fly, but it does not eat food. Airplanes get energy from gasoline or other fuel. They do not grow. A raspberry bush is a living thing. Raspberry bushes grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Raspberry bushes are made up of many cells. Raspberry bushes are plants. They make their own food using water, carbon dioxide, and energy from sunlight. A computer is not a living thing. A computer does not have all the traits of a living thing. It does many useful things, and even responds to the world around it. But it does not grow. It does not need food or water. A flower pot is not a living thing. Flower pots do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.
	What is the capital of North Carolina?	[ "Saint Paul", "Fargo", "Raleigh", "Charlotte" ]	2		closed choice	grade4	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify state capitals of the Southeast		Raleigh is the capital of North Carolina.
	What is the capital of North Dakota?	[ "Kansas City", "Bismarck", "Fargo", "Davenport" ]	1		closed choice	grade3	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify state capitals of the Midwest		Bismarck is the capital of North Dakota.
	Which solution has a higher concentration of green particles?	[ "Solution B", "Solution A", "neither; their concentrations are the same" ]	0	The diagram below is a model of two solutions. Each green ball represents one particle of solute.	closed choice	grade7	natural science	chemistry	Solutions	Compare concentrations of solutions	A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent. The concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent. concentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent	In Solution A and Solution B, the green particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of green particles, look at both the number of green particles and the volume of the solvent in each container. Use the concentration formula to find the number of green particles per milliliter. Solution B has more green particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of green particles.
	What is the capital of Alabama?	[ "Jefferson City", "Wichita", "Oklahoma City", "Montgomery" ]	3		closed choice	grade4	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify state capitals of the Southeast		Montgomery is the capital of Alabama.
	Which continent is highlighted?	[ "Africa", "Asia", "Australia", "North America" ]	3		closed choice	grade5	social science	geography	Oceans and continents	Identify oceans and continents	A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.	This continent is North America.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words? academy - apparent	[ "affair", "aviator" ]	0		closed choice	grade7	language science	reference-skills	Reference skills	Use guide words	Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order. To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on. If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.	Put the words in alphabetical order. Since affair is between the guide words academy - apparent, it would be found on that page.
	Which of the following could Hector's test show?	[ "whether the filter was clogged", "the amount of bacteria in the water before it was filtered", "whether an inexpensive filter would become clogged more often" ]	0	People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. The passage below describes how the engineering-design process was used to test a solution to a problem. Read the passage. Then answer the question below. Hector was . At the plant, an expensive filter was used to remove disease-causing bacteria from the water. But over time, the filter would become clogged with bacteria. If the filter became clogged, the water would not move through quickly enough. Hector had to decide when the filter was too clogged and needed to be replaced. So, during his inspection, Hector checked the filter by measuring how quickly water moved through it. Figure: an engineer at a water treatment plant.	closed choice	grade7	natural science	science-and-engineering-practices	Engineering practices	Evaluate tests of engineering-design solutions	People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured. Imagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves. First, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind. Then, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved. Tests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.
Not supported with pagination yet	What is the volume of a salt shaker?	[ "43 milliliters", "43 liters" ]	0	Select the better estimate.	closed choice	grade5	natural science	units-and-measurement	Units and measurement	Choose metric units of volume	Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means. Volume is a measurement of how much space something takes up. There are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters. There are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter. A raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.	The better estimate for the volume of a salt shaker is 43 milliliters. 43 liters is too much.
Not supported with pagination yet	Is the following statement true or false? A plant cell does not have a cell membrane.	[ "true", "false" ]	1		true-or false	grade4	natural science	biology	Cells	Cell part functions: true or false		A plant cell does not have a cell membrane. This statement is false. Every cell has a cell membrane. The cell membrane controls which substances enter and leave the cell.
	Which country is highlighted?	[ "Dominica", "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", "Trinidad and Tobago", "Grenada" ]	3		closed choice	grade7	social science	geography	The Americas: geography	Identify and select countries of the Caribbean		This country is Grenada.
	What can Sally and Chloe trade to each get what they want?	[ "Sally can trade her tomatoes for Chloe's sandwich.", "Chloe can trade her almonds for Sally's tomatoes.", "Chloe can trade her broccoli for Sally's oranges.", "Sally can trade her tomatoes for Chloe's broccoli." ]	3	Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Sally and Chloe open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Both of them could be happier with their lunches. Sally wanted broccoli in her lunch and Chloe was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below.	closed choice	grade6	social science	economics	Basic economic principles	Trade and specialization		Sally wanted broccoli in her lunch and Chloe was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images. Sally has tomatoes. Chloe has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want.
Not supported with pagination yet	Compare the motion of three geese. Which goose was moving at the highest speed?	[ "a goose that moved 905kilometers south in 10hours", "a goose that moved 925kilometers west in 10hours", "a goose that moved 920kilometers west in 10hours" ]	1		closed choice	grade3	natural science	physics	Force and motion	Compare the speeds of moving objects	An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time. Distance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer. Time tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour. Think about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the fastest will go the farthest distance in that time. It is moving at the highest speed.	Look at the distance each goose moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each goose moved does not affect its speed. Notice that each goose moved for 10 hours. The goose that moved 925 kilometers moved the farthest distance in that time. So, that goose must have moved at the highest speed.
Not supported with pagination yet	Does this passage describe the weather or the climate? There are usually more days with low air pressure than high air pressure where Diane lives.	[ "climate", "weather" ]	0		closed choice	grade5	natural science	earth-science	Weather and climate	What's the difference between weather and climate?	The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere. Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.	Read the text carefully. There are usually more days with low air pressure than high air pressure where Diane lives. Air pressure is caused by the weight of the air in the atmosphere. When the air pressure is low, the sky is usually cloudy. When the air pressure is high, the sky is usually clear. This passage tells you about the usual pattern of air pressure where Diane lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words? clover - cry	[ "come", "cap" ]	0		closed choice	grade2	language science	reference-skills	Reference skills	Use guide words	Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order. To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.	Put the words in alphabetical order. Since come is between the guide words clover - cry, it would be found on that page.
	Which better describes the Okefenokee Swamp ecosystem?	[ "It has land that is covered with water during most of the year. It also has soil that is rich in nutrients.", "It has soil that is poor in nutrients. It also has only a few types of organisms." ]	0	Figure: Okefenokee Swamp. The Okefenokee Swamp is a wetland ecosystem in Georgia and Florida.	closed choice	grade3	natural science	biology	Ecosystems	Describe ecosystems	An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other: the pattern of weather, or climate the type of soil or water the organisms that live there	A wetland is a type of ecosystem. Wetlands have the following features: land that is covered with water during most of the year, soil that is rich in nutrients, and other water ecosystems nearby. So, the Okefenokee Swamp has land that is covered with water during most of the year. It also has soil that is rich in nutrients.
	What can Janice and Abdul trade to each get what they want?	[ "Abdul can trade his almonds for Janice's tomatoes.", "Janice can trade her tomatoes for Abdul's carrots.", "Janice can trade her tomatoes for Abdul's broccoli.", "Abdul can trade his broccoli for Janice's oranges." ]	2	Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Janice and Abdul open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Neither Janice nor Abdul got everything that they wanted. The table below shows which items they each wanted: Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below. Janice's lunch Abdul's lunch	closed choice	grade7	social science	economics	Basic economic principles	Trade and specialization		Look at the table and images. Janice wants broccoli. Abdul wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.
	Which animal is also adapted to be camouflaged in the snow?	[ "short-tailed weasel", "common hawk-cuckoo" ]	0	Arctic wolves live in the Canadian Arctic and Greenland. The is adapted to be camouflaged in the snow. Figure: Arctic wolf.	closed choice	grade3	natural science	biology	Adaptations	Animal adaptations: skins and body coverings	An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators.	Look at the picture of the Arctic wolf. This Arctic wolf has white fur covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in the snow. The word camouflage means to blend in. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation. During the winter, the short-tailed weasel has white fur covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in the snow. The common hawk-cuckoo has a gray head, a gray-and-brown back, and a white belly with a gray-and-brown pattern. It is not adapted to be camouflaged in the snow.
	What is the capital of Idaho?	[ "Fairbanks", "Santa Fe", "Boise", "Nampa" ]	2		closed choice	grade4	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify state capitals of the West		Boise is the capital of Idaho.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which figure of speech is used in this text? Take care to get what you like or you will be forced to like what you get. —George Bernard Shaw, Man and Superman	[ "chiasmus", "paradox" ]	0		closed choice	grade11	language science	figurative-language	Literary devices	Classify the figure of speech: review	Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive. Anaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses. We are united. We are powerful. We are winners. Antithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure. I want to help, not to hurt. Apostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity. Oh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully? Assonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words. Try to light the fire. Chiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words. Never let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you. A euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic. The head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off. Hyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally. I ate so much that I think I might explode! An oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms. Some reviewers are calling this book a new classic. A paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth. Always expect the unexpected. Understatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is. As you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.	The text uses chiasmus, an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words. The second half of the sentence reverses the order of the words get and like relative to the first half.
Not supported with pagination yet	What does the simile in this text suggest? When Lee Mellon finished the apple he smacked his lips together like a pair of cymbals. —Richard Brautigan, A Confederate General from Big Sur	[ "Lee Mellon made a loud noise with his lips.", "Lee Mellon was a musician." ]	0		closed choice	grade10	language science	figurative-language	Literary devices	Interpret figures of speech	Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive. A simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike. The cat's fur was as dark as the night.	The text includes a simile, using like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike. The simile like a pair of cymbals suggests that Lee Mellon made a loud noise with his lips. When cymbals are banged together, they make a loud crashing noise.
Not supported with pagination yet	What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below? Porter got off the mountain by the skin of his teeth.	[ "the Bible", "a movie" ]	0		closed choice	grade8	language science	figurative-language	Literary devices	Recall the source of an allusion	An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words. "I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!" Lila remarked. Here, Lila alludes to the fairy tale "Cinderella," in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.	The source of the allusion by the skin of his teeth is the Bible. In the Bible, Job complains to God about his hardships, saying that both strangers and those he loves have turned against him. He says, "My bone cleaveth to my skin and to my flesh, and I am escaped with the skin of my teeth." Scholars have long debated the exact meaning of the phrase, but many claim that Job is saying that he narrowly escaped death. The allusion by the skin of his teeth means just barely.
	Identify the question that Elena's experiment can best answer.	[ "Do radishes grown under bright light get bigger than radishes grown under dim light?", "Do radish plants grown under bright light have more leaves than radish plants grown under dim light?" ]	0	The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and then follow the instructions below. Elena planted 20 radish plants in a greenhouse, putting each plant in its own pot. She placed ten of the pots under bright light and the other ten pots under dim light. Elena watered all the plants twice a day. After two months, she pulled the radish plants from the ground, threw away the leafy green tops, and measured the sizes of the radishes. She compared the sizes of the radishes grown under bright light to the sizes of the radishes grown under dim light. Figure: a radish plant in soil.	closed choice	grade8	natural science	science-and-engineering-practices	Designing experiments	Identify the experimental question	Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment. Imagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured. First, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested. Then, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured. Experiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height. Examples of questions that this experiment can answer include: Does soil type affect the height of daffodil plants? Do daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil? Are daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?
	Which type of force from the student's finger presses the key on the keyboard?	[ "push", "pull" ]	0	A student types on a keyboard. Her finger applies a force to a key.	closed choice	grade3	natural science	physics	Force and motion	Identify pushes and pulls	A force is a push or a pull that one object applies to a second object. The direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing. The direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling.	The student's finger applies a force to the key as she types. The direction of this force is away from her finger. This force is a push.
	What is the capital of New Jersey?	[ "Hartford", "Newark", "Trenton", "Jersey City" ]	2		closed choice	grade4	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify state capitals of the Northeast		Trenton is the capital of New Jersey.
	What is the capital of Illinois?	[ "Springfield", "Albany", "Chicago", "Madison" ]	0		closed choice	grade3	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify state capitals of the Midwest		Springfield is the capital of Illinois.
Not supported with pagination yet	Is washing cars a good or a service?	[ "a good", "a service" ]	1		closed choice	grade2	social science	economics	Economics	Goods and services	Everything you can buy is either a good or a service. A good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good. A service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service.	To decide whether washing cars is a good or a service, ask these questions: Is washing cars something you can touch? No. Is washing cars a job you might pay someone else to do? Yes. So, washing cars is a service.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which correctly shows the title of a movie?	[ "No Time but Now", "no Time but Now" ]	0		closed choice	grade4	language science	capitalization	Formatting	Capitalizing titles	In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach These words are not important in titles: Articles, a, an, the Short prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up Coordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or	Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word but is not important, so it should not be capitalized. The correct title is No Time but Now.
Not supported with pagination yet	Based on this information, what is this plant's phenotype for the pea color trait?	[ "yellow peas", "green peas" ]	0	In a group of pea plants, some individuals have yellow peas and others have green peas. In this group, the gene for the pea color trait has two alleles. The allele for yellow peas (E) is dominant over the allele for green peas (e). A certain pea plant from this group has the heterozygous genotype Ee for the pea color gene.	closed choice	grade7	natural science	biology	Genes to traits	Genetics vocabulary: dominant and recessive	All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait. For example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent. An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. Some traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene. An organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene. An organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene. The types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype. A dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers. A recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.	You need to determine the pea plant's phenotype for the pea color trait. First, consider the alleles in the plant's genotype for the pea color gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for yellow peas (E) is dominant over the allele for green peas (e). This means E is a dominant allele, and e is a recessive allele. The pea plant's genotype of Ee has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, the pea plant's phenotype for the pea color trait must be yellow peas.
	Which animal's feet are also adapted for grabbing prey?	[ "Malayan tapir", "common buzzard" ]	1	Golden eagles eat fish, mammals, and other birds. The 's feet are adapted to grab prey. Figure: golden eagle.	closed choice	grade3	natural science	biology	Adaptations	Animal adaptations: feet and limbs	An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground.	Look at the picture of the golden eagle. The golden eagle has long toes with sharp claws. Its feet are adapted for grabbing prey. The sharp claws can help the golden eagle attack and kill its prey. The long toes can help it hold on to its prey. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation. The common buzzard has long toes with sharp claws. Its feet are adapted for grabbing prey. The Malayan tapir has large, heavy feet. Its feet are not adapted for grabbing prey. The Malayan tapir uses its feet to walk and run.
Not supported with pagination yet	How long does it take to brush your teeth?	[ "2 seconds", "2 minutes" ]	1	Select the better estimate.	closed choice	grade3	natural science	units-and-measurement	Units and measurement	Choose units of time	Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means. Imagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds? The number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing. Time is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven. There are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute. There are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.	The better estimate for how long it takes to brush your teeth is 2 minutes. 2 seconds is too fast.
	Is the following statement about our solar system true or false? The smallest planet is made mainly of rock.	[ "false", "true" ]	1	Use the data to answer the question below.	true-or false	grade7	natural science	earth-science	Astronomy	Analyze data to compare properties of planets	A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet. The primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.	The table tells you that the smallest planet is Mercury and that Mercury is made mainly of rock. So, the smallest planet is made mainly of rock.
	Will these magnets attract or repel each other?	[ "attract", "repel" ]	1	Two magnets are placed as shown.	closed choice	grade4	natural science	physics	Magnets	Identify magnets that attract or repel	Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. Whether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south. Here are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is labeled N, and the south pole is labeled S. If opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract. If the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.	To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other. The north pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.
	Which country is highlighted?	[ "Australia", "the Marshall Islands", "New Zealand", "Papua New Guinea" ]	2		closed choice	grade6	social science	geography	Oceania: geography	Identify and select countries of Oceania		This country is New Zealand.
Not supported with pagination yet	Based on this information, what is this pea plant's phenotype for the pea shape trait?	[ "wrinkled peas", "ee" ]	0	In a group of pea plants, some individuals have round peas and others have wrinkled peas. In this group, the gene for the pea shape trait has two alleles. The allele E is for round peas, and the allele e is for wrinkled peas. A certain pea plant from this group has wrinkled peas. This plant has two alleles for wrinkled peas.	closed choice	grade7	natural science	biology	Genes to traits	Genetics vocabulary: genotype and phenotype	All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait. For example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent. An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.	An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. The pea plant's observable version of the pea shape trait is wrinkled peas. So, the plant's phenotype for the pea shape trait is wrinkled peas.
	What can Emmet and Kathleen trade to each get what they want?	[ "Emmet can trade his tomatoes for Kathleen's broccoli.", "Emmet can trade his tomatoes for Kathleen's sandwich.", "Kathleen can trade her almonds for Emmet's tomatoes.", "Kathleen can trade her broccoli for Emmet's oranges." ]	0	Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Emmet and Kathleen open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Both of them could be happier with their lunches. Emmet wanted broccoli in his lunch and Kathleen was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below.	closed choice	grade6	social science	economics	Basic economic principles	Trade and specialization		Emmet wanted broccoli in his lunch and Kathleen was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images. Emmet has tomatoes. Kathleen has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want.
Not supported with pagination yet	What information supports the conclusion that Darren inherited this trait?	[ "Darren and his biological mother have pale skin.", "Darren's biological parents have freckles on their noses just as Darren does.", "Darren has freckles on his nose and shoulders." ]	1	Read the description of a trait. Darren has freckles.	closed choice	grade8	natural science	biology	Genes to traits	Inherited and acquired traits: use evidence to support a statement	Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways. Inherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned. Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.
Not supported with pagination yet	How long does it take to mow the lawn?	[ "30 minutes", "30 seconds" ]	0	Select the better estimate.	closed choice	grade3	natural science	units-and-measurement	Units and measurement	Choose units of time	Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means. Imagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds? The number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing. Time is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven. There are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute. There are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.	The better estimate for how long it takes to mow the lawn is 30 minutes. 30 seconds is too fast.
	Compare the average kinetic energies of the particles in each sample. Which sample has the higher temperature?	[ "sample A", "sample B", "neither; the samples have the same temperature" ]	1	The diagrams below show two pure samples of gas in identical closed, rigid containers. Each colored ball represents one gas particle. Both samples have the same number of particles.	closed choice	grade6	natural science	physics	Particle motion and energy	Identify how particle motion affects temperature and pressure	The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance. The kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.	Each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. The particles in sample B also have a higher average speed than the particles in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A. Because the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature.
Not supported with pagination yet	What information supports the conclusion that Michelle acquired this trait?	[ "Michelle can fly a plane on cloudy days and at night.", "Michelle is in the Air Force. She flies a plane almost every day.", "A pilot taught Michelle how to fly a plane." ]	2	Read the description of a trait. Michelle knows how to fly a plane.	closed choice	grade8	natural science	biology	Genes to traits	Inherited and acquired traits: use evidence to support a statement	Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways. Inherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned. Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.
	Select the organism in the same genus as the mouflon.	[ "Hystrix cristata", "Alouatta palliata", "Ovis aries" ]	2	This organism is a mouflon. Its scientific name is Ovis orientalis.	closed choice	grade4	natural science	biology	Scientific names	Use scientific names to classify organisms	Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words. The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits. A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus. Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus. Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.	A mouflon's scientific name is Ovis orientalis. The first word of its scientific name is Ovis. Alouatta palliata is in the genus Alouatta. The first word of its scientific name is Alouatta. So, Alouatta palliata and Ovis orientalis are not in the same genus. Ovis aries is in the genus Ovis. The first word of its scientific name is Ovis. So, Ovis aries and Ovis orientalis are in the same genus. Hystrix cristata is in the genus Hystrix. The first word of its scientific name is Hystrix. So, Hystrix cristata and Ovis orientalis are not in the same genus.
Not supported with pagination yet	How long is a leather belt?	[ "31 inches", "31 feet", "31 miles", "31 yards" ]	0	Select the best estimate.	closed choice	grade7	natural science	units-and-measurement	Units and measurement	Choose customary units of distance, mass, and volume	Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means. When you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles. There are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile. A football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.	The best estimate for the length of a leather belt is 31 inches. 31 feet, 31 yards, and 31 miles are all too long.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which statement describes the bowl's motion?	[ "The bowl is accelerating.", "The bowl has a constant velocity." ]	1	A steaming bowl of tomato soup is sitting motionless on a table to cool.	closed choice	grade8	natural science	physics	Velocity, acceleration, and forces	Identify whether objects are accelerating	An object's velocity describes its speed and its direction. An object has a constant velocity when neither its speed nor its direction is changing. So, an object has a constant velocity when the object is: moving in a straight line at a constant speed, or remaining motionless. If an object does not have a constant velocity, the object is accelerating. An object is accelerating when either its speed or its direction is changing. So, an object is accelerating when the object is: speeding up, slowing down, or changing direction.	The bowl is remaining motionless. So, the bowl has a constant velocity.
Not supported with pagination yet	Select the bird.	[ "red-eyed tree frog", "harbor seal", "Steller's sea eagle", "humpback whale" ]	2		closed choice	grade5	natural science	biology	Classification	Identify mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians	Birds have feathers, two wings, and a beak.	A humpback whale is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk. Whales are mammals that live in the ocean. Humpback whales have small hairs that grow from bumps around their mouth. A red-eyed tree frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. A red-eyed tree frog has sticky pads on its toes. The sticky pads help the red-eyed tree frog hold on to leaves. A harbor seal is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk. Seals have flippers instead of arms! They use their flippers to swim underwater or to crawl on the beach. A Steller's sea eagle is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak. Sea eagles use their sharp beaks to eat fish and other birds.
	Which solution has a higher concentration of green particles?	[ "Solution A", "Solution B", "neither; their concentrations are the same" ]	1	The diagram below is a model of two solutions. Each green ball represents one particle of solute.	closed choice	grade8	natural science	chemistry	Solutions	Compare concentrations of solutions	A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent. The concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent. concentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent	In Solution A and Solution B, the green particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of green particles, look at both the number of green particles and the volume of the solvent in each container. Use the concentration formula to find the number of green particles per milliliter. Solution B has more green particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of green particles.
	Which of these cities is marked on the map?	[ "Pittsburgh", "Baltimore", "New York City", "Boston" ]	2		closed choice	grade4	social science	geography	Cities	Cities of the Northeast		The city is New York City, New York. Pittsburgh, Boston, and Baltimore are marked with gray circles on the map below.
	Which solution has a higher concentration of blue particles?	[ "Solution B", "neither; their concentrations are the same", "Solution A" ]	0	The diagram below is a model of two solutions. Each blue ball represents one particle of solute.	closed choice	grade7	natural science	chemistry	Solutions	Compare concentrations of solutions	A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent. The concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent. concentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent	In Solution A and Solution B, the blue particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of blue particles, look at both the number of blue particles and the volume of the solvent in each container. Use the concentration formula to find the number of blue particles per milliliter. Solution B has more blue particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of blue particles.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which wax candle has more thermal energy?	[ "the hotter wax candle", "the colder wax candle" ]	0	Two 14-gram wax candles are identical except for their temperatures.	closed choice	grade6	natural science	physics	Thermal energy	How are temperature and mass related to thermal energy?	Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving. The energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving. Temperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature. What happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70°F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70°F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.	The two wax candles are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the hotter wax candle has more thermal energy.
	Which property do these four objects have in common?	[ "salty", "stretchy", "transparent" ]	0	Select the best answer.	closed choice	grade5	natural science	physics	Materials	Compare properties of objects	An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.	Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. A stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. The potato chips and the pretzel are not stretchy. Potato chips have a salty taste. All four objects are salty. You can see clearly through a transparent object. The potato chips, the pretzel, and the fries are not transparent. The property that all four objects have in common is salty.
	Which of the following was a dependent variable in this experiment?	[ "the amount of oxygen in the tanks", "the species of algae" ]	0	The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and think about the variables that are described. Dr. Hardin collected two species of algae, Chlorella rotunda and Tetraselmis cordiformis. He wanted to know whether one species released more oxygen as it grew than the other species. To find out, Dr. Hardin prepared six culture tanks. He filled each tank with the same amount of a mixture of water and nutrients. Then, he added 1,000 live algae cells to each tank and sealed the tank. In three of the tanks, he added C. rotunda cells. In the other three, he added T. cordiformis cells. After five days, Dr. Hardin measured the amount of oxygen in each culture tank. Hint: An independent variable is a variable whose effect you are investigating. A dependent variable is a variable that you measure. Figure: growing algae in culture tanks.	closed choice	grade6	natural science	science-and-engineering-practices	Designing experiments	Identify independent and dependent variables	Experiments have variables, or parts that change. You can design an experiment to find out how one variable affects another variable. For example, imagine that you want to find out if fertilizer affects the number of tomatoes a tomato plant grows. To answer this question, you decide to set up two equal groups of tomato plants. Then, you add fertilizer to the soil of the plants in one group but not in the other group. Later, you measure the effect of the fertilizer by counting the number of tomatoes on each plant. In this experiment, the amount of fertilizer added to the soil and the number of tomatoes were both variables. The amount of fertilizer added to the soil was an independent variable because it was the variable whose effect you were investigating. This type of variable is called independent because its value does not depend on what happens after the experiment begins. Instead, you decided to give fertilizer to some plants and not to others. The number of tomatoes was a dependent variable because it was the variable you were measuring. This type of variable is called dependent because its value can depend on what happens in the experiment.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which figure of speech is used in this text? During much of the twentieth century, artistic types were a dime a dozen in Greenwich Village.	[ "idiom", "allusion" ]	0		closed choice	grade10	language science	figurative-language	Literary devices	Classify figures of speech: review	Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive. Alliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words. What a lucky little lady you are! An allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature. "I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!" Lila remarked. An idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned. The assignment was a piece of cake. A simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike. The cat's fur was as dark as the night. A metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as. The snow formed a blanket over the town. Onomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound. The scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat. Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. The trees danced in the wind. A pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning. A great new broom is sweeping the nation. Verbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic. Olivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down. Each breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.	The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally. A dime a dozen means common.
Not supported with pagination yet	Based on this information, what is this plant's phenotype for the leaf texture trait?	[ "fuzzy leaves", "smooth leaves" ]	1	In a group of summer squash plants, some individuals have fuzzy leaves and others have smooth leaves. In this group, the gene for the leaf texture trait has two alleles. The allele for smooth leaves (l) is recessive to the allele for fuzzy leaves (L). A certain summer squash plant from this group has the homozygous genotype ll for the leaf texture gene.	closed choice	grade8	natural science	biology	Genes to traits	Genetics vocabulary: dominant and recessive	All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait. For example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent. An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. Some traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene. An organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene. An organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene. The types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype. A dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers. A recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.	The summer squash plant's genotype for the leaf texture gene is ll. The summer squash plant's genotype of ll has only l alleles. The l allele is for smooth leaves. So, the summer squash plant's phenotype for the leaf texture trait must be smooth leaves. To check this answer, consider whether the summer squash plant's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for smooth leaves (l) is recessive to the allele for fuzzy leaves (L). This means L is a dominant allele, and l is a recessive allele. The summer squash plant's genotype of ll has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, the summer squash plant's phenotype for the leaf texture trait must be smooth leaves.
	Select the mammal below.	[ "green tree frog", "human" ]	1	Mammals have hair or fur and feed their young milk. A red kangaroo is an example of a mammal.	closed choice	grade3	natural science	biology	Classification	Identify mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians	Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common. Scientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.	A human is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk. Humans are a type of animal called a primate. Monkeys and apes are also primates. A green tree frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. There are many kinds of tree frogs. Most tree frogs are very small. They can walk on thin branches.
	What can Barry and Mona trade to each get what they want?	[ "Mona can trade her almonds for Barry's tomatoes.", "Mona can trade her broccoli for Barry's oranges.", "Barry can trade his tomatoes for Mona's sandwich.", "Barry can trade his tomatoes for Mona's broccoli." ]	3	Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Barry and Mona open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Both of them could be happier with their lunches. Barry wanted broccoli in his lunch and Mona was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below.	closed choice	grade6	social science	economics	Basic economic principles	Trade and specialization		Barry wanted broccoli in his lunch and Mona was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images. Barry has tomatoes. Mona has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which correctly shows the title of a magazine?	[ "*Car and Driver*", "\"Car and Driver\"" ]	0		closed choice	grade9	language science	punctuation	Formatting	Formatting titles	The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead. A Midsummer Night's Dream The title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks. "You Are My Sunshine"	A magazine should be in italics. The correct title is Car and Driver.
	Identify the question that Tanner's experiment can best answer.	[ "Can pennies hold more drops of pure water or water mixed with hand soap?", "Can pennies hold more drops of water mixed with dish soap or water mixed with hand soap?" ]	0	The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and then follow the instructions below. Tanner used a dropper to put equal-sized drops of pure water, one at a time, onto a penny. The drops stayed together and formed a dome on the penny's surface. Tanner recorded the number of drops he could add before the water spilled over the edge of the penny. Then, he rinsed and dried the penny, and repeated the test using water mixed with hand soap. He repeated these trials on nine additional pennies. Tanner compared the average number of pure water drops to the average number of water drops mixed with hand soap that he could add to a penny before the water spilled over. Figure: a dome of water on the surface of a penny.	closed choice	grade6	natural science	science-and-engineering-practices	Designing experiments	Identify the experimental question	Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment. Imagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured. First, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested. Then, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured. Experiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height. Examples of questions that this experiment can answer include: Does soil type affect the height of daffodil plants? Do daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil? Are daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?
Not supported with pagination yet	Using only these supplies, which question can Jasper investigate with an experiment?	[ "Do toy cars go faster down the ramp made of wood or the ramp made of cardboard?", "Do toy cars with plastic wheels go faster down the cardboard ramp than toy cars with metal wheels?", "Does a big toy car go down the wooden ramp faster than a small toy car?" ]	0	Jasper and his sister are building ramps to race their toy cars down. Jasper notices that the cars go down some of the ramps faster than others. He wonders what factors affect the cars' speed. So, he decides to design an experiment. He has the following supplies available: two identical toy cars a wooden ramp three feet long and two feet tall a cardboard ramp three feet long and two feet tall	closed choice	grade7	natural science	science-and-engineering-practices	Designing experiments	Identify questions that can be investigated with a set of materials	Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment. Imagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment? First, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available. Next, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick. So, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!
Not supported with pagination yet	What does the euphemism in this text suggest? Mr. Randolph is enjoying his golden years in a luxurious beachside community just down the street from his grandchildren.	[ "Mr. Randolph is old.", "Mr. Randolph is rich." ]	0		closed choice	grade11	language science	figurative-language	Literary devices	Interpret the figure of speech	Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive. A euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic. The head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.	The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic. The euphemism golden years indicates that Mr. Randolph is old. Golden years is a nicer way of referring to old age.
	Complete the statement. Calcium oxide is ().	[ "an elementary substance", "a compound" ]	1	The model below represents calcium oxide. Calcium oxide is used to make cement and steel.	closed choice	grade7	natural science	chemistry	Atoms and molecules	Classify elementary substances and compounds using models	There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you. A substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds. Every chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be. Scientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a space-filling model. The space-filling model below represents the compound rubidium bromide. In a space-filling model, the balls represent atoms that are bonded together. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance.	Use the model to determine whether calcium oxide is an elementary substance or a compound. Step 1: Interpret the model. . Use the legend to determine the chemical element represented by each color. The colors and atomic symbols from the legend are shown in the table below. The table also includes the names of the chemical elements represented in the model. You can see from the model that calcium oxide is composed of oxygen atoms and calcium atoms bonded together. Step 2: Determine whether the substance is an elementary substance or a compound. You know from Step 1 that calcium oxide is composed of two chemical elements: oxygen and calcium. Since calcium oxide is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, calcium oxide is a compound.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words? dare - disturb	[ "devour", "dread" ]	0		closed choice	grade8	language science	reference-skills	Reference skills	Use guide words	Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order. To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on. If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.	Put the words in alphabetical order. Since devour is between the guide words dare - disturb, it would be found on that page.
	What is the name of the colony shown?	[ "Virginia", "New Jersey", "Kentucky", "Massachusetts" ]	3		closed choice	grade7	social science	us-history	Colonial America	Identify the Thirteen Colonies		The colony is Massachusetts. The Massachusetts Colony included land that would later become the state of Maine. Maine was never its own colony.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which logical fallacy is used in the text? In this election, we've seen the highest voter turnout ever recorded. If you have any doubts about Brad Lloyd's qualifications, just look at how many people have come out to vote for him.	[ "bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct", "red herring: the use of a completely unrelated topic or idea" ]	0		closed choice	grade8	language science	writing-strategies	Developing and supporting arguments	Classify logical fallacies	A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions. A logical fallacy may present irrelevant information: Fallacy \| Description ad hominem \| a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent appeal to nature \| an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice bandwagon fallacy \| an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice circular reasoning \| an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself guilt by association \| an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something red herring \| the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim A logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand: Fallacy \| Description false causation \| the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other false dichotomy \| an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist hasty generalization \| a very broad claim based on very little evidence straw man \| a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against	The text argues that Brad Lloyd is the most qualified candidate, because so many voters turned out to vote. However, even though many people voted for him, that doesn't necessarily mean that Brad Lloyd is the most qualified candidate. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as the bandwagon fallacy.
Not supported with pagination yet	Select the tropical coral reef ecosystem.	[ "This ecosystem has:\nland that is covered with water during most of the year\nsoil that is rich in nutrients\nother water ecosystems nearby", "This ecosystem has:\nshallow, salty water\nbright sunlight\nmany different types of organisms" ]	1		closed choice	grade4	natural science	biology	Ecosystems	Identify ecosystems	An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment. There are many different types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which these ecosystems can differ from each other: the pattern of weather, or climate the type of soil or water the organisms that live there	A tropical coral reef is a type of ecosystem. It has shallow, salty water, bright sunlight, and many different types of organisms. Choice 1 is a tropical coral reef ecosystem. It has shallow water and many different types of organisms. Choice 2 is a wetland ecosystem. It is covered with water for most of the year. Wetlands also have soil that is rich in nutrients.
	What can Arianna and Clarence trade to each get what they want?	[ "Arianna can trade her tomatoes for Clarence's sandwich.", "Arianna can trade her tomatoes for Clarence's broccoli.", "Clarence can trade his broccoli for Arianna's oranges.", "Clarence can trade his almonds for Arianna's tomatoes." ]	1	Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Arianna and Clarence open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Both of them could be happier with their lunches. Arianna wanted broccoli in her lunch and Clarence was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below.	closed choice	grade6	social science	economics	Basic economic principles	Trade and specialization		Arianna wanted broccoli in her lunch and Clarence was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images. Arianna has tomatoes. Clarence has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which figure of speech is used in this text? Deb insisted that her dog wasn't fat; she said that he was merely well-fed.	[ "paradox", "euphemism" ]	1		closed choice	grade9	language science	figurative-language	Literary devices	Classify figures of speech: euphemism, hyperbole, oxymoron, paradox	Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive. A euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic. The head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off. Hyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally. I ate so much that I think I might explode! An oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms. Some reviewers are calling this book a new classic. A paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth. Always expect the unexpected.	The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic. Well-fed is an indirect way of saying overweight.

What type of rock is conglomerate?

[ "sedimentary", "igneous", "metamorphic" ]

0

This is a piece of conglomerate. Conglomerate has grains of various sizes, such as sand, mud, and pebbles. Do you see the pebbles that are part of this rock? Conglomerate forms when sediments of different sizes are deposited in one place. This usually happens in riverbeds. Conglomerate forms when layers of sand, mud, and pebbles are pressed together to form rock.

closed choice

grade7

natural science

earth-science

Rocks and minerals

Classify rocks as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic

Igneous rock is formed when melted rock cools and hardens into solid rock. This type of change can occur at Earth's surface or below it. Sedimentary rock is formed when layers of sediment are pressed together, or compacted, to make rock. This type of change occurs below Earth's surface. Metamorphic rock is formed when a rock is changed by very high temperature and pressure. This type of change often occurs deep below Earth's surface. Over time, the old rock becomes a new rock with different properties.

Conglomerate is a sedimentary rock. Like other sedimentary rocks, it forms from layers of sediment. Material that is eroded in nature is called sediment. Sand, mud, and pebbles are all types of sediment. Over time, layers of these sediments can build up in places like riverbeds. The top layers press down on the bottom layers, squeezing out water and air. Conglomerate forms when the bottom layers of sediment are pressed together to form rock.

What is the name of the colony shown?

[ "New Jersey", "South Carolina", "West Virginia", "Rhode Island" ]

1

closed choice

grade8

social science

us-history

Colonial America

Identify the Thirteen Colonies

The colony is South Carolina.

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Which text uses the word disinterested in its traditional sense?

[ "As a teacher of American history, Mr. McDowell tries to remain disinterested when discussing controversial issues, giving equal attention and consideration to each major viewpoint.", "As an experienced teacher of American history, Mr. McDowell believes that playing history-based trivia games will revive even the most disinterested of students." ]

0

closed choice

grade9

language science

writing-strategies

Word usage and nuance

Explore words with new or contested usages

Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner. When a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences. Britney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam. The traditional usage above is considered more standard. David perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages. The nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.

The first text uses disinterested in its traditional sense: unbiased or impartial. As a teacher of American history, Mr. McDowell tries to remain disinterested when discussing controversial issues, giving equal attention and consideration to each major viewpoint. The second text uses disinterested in its nontraditional sense: uninterested or indifferent. As an experienced teacher of American history, Mr. McDowell believes that playing history-based trivia games will revive even the most disinterested of students. Most style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word disinterested because it is considered more standard.

What is the capital of Wyoming?

[ "Santa Fe", "Laramie", "Salt Lake City", "Cheyenne" ]

3

closed choice

grade5

social science

geography

State capitals

Identify the 50 state capitals

Cheyenne is the capital of Wyoming.

Which air temperature was measured within the outlined area shown?

[ "-24°C", "3°C", "-4°C" ]

0

The map below shows air temperatures in the lower atmosphere on April 19, 2016. The outlined area shows an air mass that influenced weather in North America on that day. Look at the map. Then, answer the question below. Data source: United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Earth System Research Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division

closed choice

grade6

natural science

earth-science

Weather and climate

Identify and compare air masses

To study air masses, scientists can use maps that show conditions within Earth's atmosphere. For example, the map below uses color to show air temperatures. The map's legend tells you the temperature that each color represents. Colors on the left in the legend represent lower temperatures than colors on the right. For example, areas on the map that are the darkest shade of blue have a temperature from -25°C up to -20°C. Areas that are the next darkest shade of blue have a temperature from -20°C up to -15°C.

Look at the colors shown within the outlined area. Then, use the legend to determine which air temperatures those colors represent. 15°C. -24°C is within this range. -4°C and 3°C are outside of this range.

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Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?

[ "After Jenny scolded Annie for missing the deadline, she felt awful.", "Jenny felt awful after she scolded Annie for missing the deadline." ]

0

closed choice

grade10

language science

writing-strategies

Pronouns

Identify vague pronoun references

When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent. When Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief. The pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear. Vague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways: 1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent: When Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief. 2. Rewrite the sentence: Lisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed. A vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent. They say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear. This problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent. The advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.

The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Jenny or Annie. After Jenny scolded Annie for missing the deadline, she felt awful. The first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear. Jenny felt awful after she scolded Annie for missing the deadline.

Which continent is highlighted?

[ "Europe", "Africa", "Asia", "North America" ]

2

closed choice

grade3

social science

geography

Geography

Identify oceans and continents

A continent is one of the seven largest areas of land on earth.

This continent is Asia.

What is the capital of Washington?

[ "Spokane", "Olympia", "Springfield", "Seattle" ]

1

closed choice

grade5

social science

geography

State capitals

Identify state capitals of the West

Olympia is the capital of Washington.

What is the capital of Colorado?

[ "Denver", "Boulder", "Olympia", "Tallahassee" ]

0

closed choice

grade4

social science

geography

State capitals

Identify the 50 state capitals

Denver is the capital of Colorado.

Which bird's beak is also adapted to catch fish?

[ "common kingfisher", "European robin" ]

0

Common loons live near lakes, rivers, and oceans. They can dive 60 meters below the surface to catch fish. Figure: common loon.

closed choice

grade3

natural science

biology

Adaptations

Animal adaptations: beaks, mouths, and necks

An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The shape of a bird's beak is one example of an adaptation. Birds' beaks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a sharp hooked beak might help a bird tear through meat easily. A short, thick beak might help a bird break through a seed's hard shell. Birds that eat similar food often have similar beaks.

Look at the picture of the common loon. The common loon has a long, straight beak with a sharp tip. Its beak is adapted to catch fish. The common loon can use its beak to grab the slippery body of a fish underwater. It can also catch a fish by stabbing it with its beak. Now look at each bird. Figure out which bird has a similar adaptation. The common kingfisher has a long, straight beak with a sharp tip. Its beak is adapted to catch fish. The European robin has a short, thin beak. Its beak is not adapted to catch fish. The European robin uses its beak to eat insects and other small invertebrates.

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What do these two changes have in common? a copper statue turning green firing a clay pot in a hot kiln

[ "Both are caused by cooling.", "Both are caused by heating.", "Both are only physical changes.", "Both are chemical changes." ]

3

closed choice

grade7

natural science

chemistry

Chemical reactions

Compare physical and chemical changes

Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule. In a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different. Some chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns. In a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same. A change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water. The law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.

Step 1: Think about each change. A copper statue turning green is a chemical change. The copper reacts with oxygen in the air. This reaction forms a different type of matter called copper oxide. The copper oxide is green. Firing a clay pot in a hot kiln is a chemical change. High temperatures cause the clay to slowly harden. After several hours in the kiln, the clay will have changed into a different type of matter. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different. Both are caused by heating. Firing clay is caused by heating. But a copper statue turning green is not. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.

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Which object has more thermal energy?

[ "a cherry pie at a temperature of 110°F", "a cherry pie at a temperature of 80°F" ]

0

The objects are identical except for their temperatures.

closed choice

grade3

natural science

physics

Heat and thermal energy

How is temperature related to thermal energy?

All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy. Temperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.

The two cherry pies have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 110°F pie is hotter than the 80°F pie, it has more thermal energy.

Which ocean is highlighted?

[ "the Pacific Ocean", "the Southern Ocean", "the Indian Ocean", "the Atlantic Ocean" ]

2

closed choice

grade7

social science

geography

Physical Geography

Oceans and continents

Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean.

This is the Indian Ocean.

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How long is an adult great white shark?

[ "4 yards", "4 inches", "4 feet" ]

0

Select the best estimate.

closed choice

grade5

natural science

units-and-measurement

Units and measurement

Choose customary units of distance

Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means. When you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles. There are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile. A football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.

The best estimate for the length of an adult great white shark is 4 yards. 4 inches and 4 feet are both too short.

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Which logical fallacy is used in the text? President Townsend is an effective communicator, because he has a natural talent for speaking with people.

[ "false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist", "circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself" ]

1

closed choice

grade8

language science

writing-strategies

Developing and supporting arguments

Classify logical fallacies

A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions. A logical fallacy may present irrelevant information: Fallacy | Description ad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent appeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice bandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice circular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself guilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something red herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim A logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand: Fallacy | Description false causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other false dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist hasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence straw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against

The text argues that President Townsend is an effective communicator because he communicates well. However, the "evidence" is just a restatement of the claim itself. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as circular reasoning.

Which ocean is highlighted?

[ "the Southern Ocean", "the Indian Ocean", "the Arctic Ocean", "the Pacific Ocean" ]

0

closed choice

grade6

social science

geography

Physical Geography

Oceans and continents

Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean.

This is the Southern Ocean. The Southern Ocean reaches from the shores of Antarctica to 60° South latitude.

What is the capital of Hawaii?

[ "Honolulu", "Carson City", "Hilo", "Denver" ]

0

closed choice

grade5

social science

geography

State capitals

Identify the 50 state capitals

Honolulu is the capital of Hawaii.

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What information supports the conclusion that Warren inherited this trait?

[ "Warren's parents have blond hair. They passed down this trait to Warren.", "Warren's mother cuts his hair every month." ]

0

Read the description of a trait. Warren has blond hair.

closed choice

grade5

natural science

biology

Traits and heredity

Inherited and acquired traits: use evidence to support a statement

Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways. Inherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned. Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.

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What do these two changes have in common? erosion caused by wind ice melting in a cup

[ "Both are caused by cooling.", "Both are caused by heating.", "Both are chemical changes.", "Both are only physical changes." ]

3

closed choice

grade7

natural science

chemistry

Chemical reactions

Compare physical and chemical changes

Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule. In a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different. Some chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns. In a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same. A change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water. The law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.

Step 1: Think about each change. Erosion caused by wind is a physical change. The wind carries away tiny pieces of rock. But the pieces of rock do not become a different type of matter. Ice melting in a cup is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The solid ice becomes liquid, but it is still made of water. The links between atoms in the water molecules do not change. So, a different type of matter is not formed. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are physical changes. No new matter is created. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes. Both are caused by heating. Ice melting is caused by heating. But erosion caused by wind is not. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.

Is the following statement about our solar system true or false? The smallest planet is made mainly of rock.

[ "false", "true" ]

1

Use the data to answer the question below.

true-or false

grade7

natural science

earth-science

Astronomy

Analyze data to compare properties of planets

A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet. The primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.

The table tells you that the smallest planet is Mercury and that Mercury is made mainly of rock. So, the smallest planet is made mainly of rock.

What is the capital of Arkansas?

[ "Columbia", "Austin", "Fayetteville", "Little Rock" ]

3

closed choice

grade4

social science

geography

State capitals

Identify state capitals of the Southeast

Little Rock is the capital of Arkansas.

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Select the solid.

[ "grape juice", "spoon", "rain" ]

1

closed choice

grade2

natural science

physics

States of matter

Identify solids and liquids

Solid and liquid are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms. When matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own. Some solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break. A glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid. When matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container. Think about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space. Juice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid.

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Which bowl of oatmeal has a lower temperature?

[ "the bowl of oatmeal with less thermal energy", "the bowl of oatmeal with more thermal energy" ]

0

Two bowls of oatmeal are identical except for their thermal energies.

closed choice

grade6

natural science

physics

Thermal energy

How are temperature and mass related to thermal energy?

Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving. The energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving. Temperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature. What happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70°F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70°F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.

The two bowls of oatmeal are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the bowl of oatmeal with less thermal energy has a lower temperature.

Which country is highlighted?

[ "Vanuatu", "Tuvalu", "Tonga", "Fiji" ]

3

closed choice

grade7

social science

geography

Oceania: geography

Identify and select countries of Oceania

This country is Fiji.

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Select the bird.

[ "anchovy", "porcupinefish", "fruit bat", "flamingo" ]

3

closed choice

grade5

natural science

biology

Classification

Identify mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians

Birds have feathers, two wings, and a beak.

An anchovy is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. An anchovy is a small fish that lives in the ocean. Like some other types of fish, anchovies swim in large groups called schools. A porcupinefish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. Porcupinefish can puff up their bodies with air or water to scare off predators. A flamingo is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak. Flamingos live in large groups. These groups are called flocks. A fruit bat is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk. Fruit bats eat fruit and drink nectar from flowers. They have special teeth to help them bite through fruit skins.

What is the name of the colony shown?

[ "South Carolina", "Connecticut", "Massachusetts", "Georgia" ]

1

closed choice

grade5

social science

us-history

English colonies in North America

Identify the Thirteen Colonies

The colony is Connecticut.

What can Clara and Harry trade to each get what they want?

[ "Harry can trade his almonds for Clara's tomatoes.", "Clara can trade her tomatoes for Harry's carrots.", "Harry can trade his broccoli for Clara's oranges.", "Clara can trade her tomatoes for Harry's broccoli." ]

3

Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Clara and Harry open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Neither Clara nor Harry got everything that they wanted. The table below shows which items they each wanted: Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below. Clara's lunch Harry's lunch

closed choice

grade8

social science

economics

Basic economic principles

Trade and specialization

Look at the table and images. Clara wants broccoli. Harry wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.

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Which text uses the word disinterested in its traditional sense?

[ "As a teacher of American history, Mr. McDowell tries to remain disinterested when discussing controversial issues, giving equal attention and consideration to each major viewpoint.", "As an experienced teacher of American history, Mr. McDowell believes that playing history-based trivia games will revive even the most disinterested of students." ]

0

closed choice

grade9

language science

writing-strategies

Word usage and nuance

Explore words with new or contested usages

Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner. When a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences. Britney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam. The traditional usage above is considered more standard. David perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages. The nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.

The first text uses disinterested in its traditional sense: unbiased or impartial. As a teacher of American history, Mr. McDowell tries to remain disinterested when discussing controversial issues, giving equal attention and consideration to each major viewpoint. The second text uses disinterested in its nontraditional sense: uninterested or indifferent. As an experienced teacher of American history, Mr. McDowell believes that playing history-based trivia games will revive even the most disinterested of students. Most style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word disinterested because it is considered more standard.

Which animal's limbs are also adapted for climbing trees?

[ "California sea lion", "lar gibbon" ]

1

Chimpanzees live in the forests of Central Africa. Their limbs are adapted for climbing trees. Figure: chimpanzee.

closed choice

grade4

natural science

biology

Adaptations

Animal adaptations: feet and limbs

An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. Arms, legs, flippers, and wings are different types of limbs. The type of limbs an animal has is an example of an adaptation. Animals' limbs can be adapted in different ways. For example, long legs might help an animal run fast. Flippers might help an animal swim. Wings might help an animal fly.

Look at the picture of the chimpanzee. The chimpanzee uses its long limbs to reach branches while climbing. It uses its fingers and toes to grab the branches. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation. The lar gibbon has long limbs with fingers and toes. Its limbs are adapted for climbing trees. The California sea lion has flippers. Its limbs are not adapted for climbing trees. The California sea lion uses its flippers to swim underwater.

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Would you find the word side on a dictionary page with the following guide words? skirt - stories

[ "no", "yes" ]

0

yes or no

grade8

language science

reference-skills

Reference skills

Use guide words

Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order. To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on. If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.

Put the words in alphabetical order. Since side is not between the guide words skirt - stories, it would not be found on that page.

What is the capital of New York?

[ "Montpelier", "New York City", "Louisville", "Albany" ]

3

closed choice

grade3

social science

geography

State capitals

Identify state capitals of the Northeast

Albany is the capital of New York.

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Does the sentence use a simile or a metaphor? From across the room, Uncle Josh's laughter was booming thunder.

[ "metaphor", "simile" ]

0

closed choice

grade4

language science

figurative-language

Literary devices

Identify similes and metaphors

Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike. A simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as. My sister runs like a cheetah. The sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like. A cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast. The cat's fur was as dark as the night. The cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as. The night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark. A metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as. The snow formed a blanket over the town. The snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as. A blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely. Using similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.

From across the room, Uncle Josh's laughter was booming thunder. The words laughter and thunder are compared without the word like or as. So, the sentence uses a metaphor.

What is the capital of New Hampshire?

[ "Salem", "Concord", "Fort Wayne", "Manchester" ]

1

closed choice

grade4

social science

geography

State capitals

Identify state capitals of the Northeast

Concord is the capital of New Hampshire.

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Which figure of speech is used in this text? Well, that's cast rather a gloom over the evening, hasn't it? —Dinner guest, after a visit from the Grim Reaper, in Monty Python's The Meaning of Life

[ "understatement", "antithesis" ]

0

closed choice

grade11

language science

figurative-language

Literary devices

Classify the figure of speech: anaphora, antithesis, apostrophe, assonance, chiasmus, understatement

Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive. Anaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses. We are united. We are powerful. We are winners. Antithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure. I want to help, not to hurt. Apostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity. Oh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully? Assonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words. Try to light the fire. Chiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words. Never let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you. Understatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is. As you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.

The text uses understatement, which involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is. Rather a gloom is an understatement, since a visit from Death would presumably ruin an evening.

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How long is a spider's leg?

[ "20 meters", "20 kilometers", "20 millimeters" ]

2

Select the best estimate.

closed choice

grade5

natural science

units-and-measurement

Units and measurement

Choose metric units of distance

Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means. When you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter. The tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long. A red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.

The best estimate for the length of a spider's leg is 20 millimeters. 20 meters and 20 kilometers are both too long.

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Select the living thing.

[ "flower pot", "computer", "raspberry bush", "airplane" ]

2

closed choice

grade4

natural science

biology

Classification

Identify living and nonliving things

All living things are made up of cells. Plants, animals, and some fungi have many cells. Other living things are made up of just one cell. All living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. They use energy from food to grow and change. All living things sense changes in their environment. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense.

An airplane is not a living thing. An airplane does not have all the traits of a living thing. It needs energy to fly, but it does not eat food. Airplanes get energy from gasoline or other fuel. They do not grow. A raspberry bush is a living thing. Raspberry bushes grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Raspberry bushes are made up of many cells. Raspberry bushes are plants. They make their own food using water, carbon dioxide, and energy from sunlight. A computer is not a living thing. A computer does not have all the traits of a living thing. It does many useful things, and even responds to the world around it. But it does not grow. It does not need food or water. A flower pot is not a living thing. Flower pots do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.

What is the capital of North Carolina?

[ "Saint Paul", "Fargo", "Raleigh", "Charlotte" ]

2

closed choice

grade4

social science

geography

State capitals

Identify state capitals of the Southeast

Raleigh is the capital of North Carolina.

What is the capital of North Dakota?

[ "Kansas City", "Bismarck", "Fargo", "Davenport" ]

1

closed choice

grade3

social science

geography

State capitals

Identify state capitals of the Midwest

Bismarck is the capital of North Dakota.

Which solution has a higher concentration of green particles?

[ "Solution B", "Solution A", "neither; their concentrations are the same" ]

0

The diagram below is a model of two solutions. Each green ball represents one particle of solute.

closed choice

grade7

natural science

chemistry

Solutions

Compare concentrations of solutions

A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent. The concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent. concentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent

In Solution A and Solution B, the green particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of green particles, look at both the number of green particles and the volume of the solvent in each container. Use the concentration formula to find the number of green particles per milliliter. Solution B has more green particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of green particles.

What is the capital of Alabama?

[ "Jefferson City", "Wichita", "Oklahoma City", "Montgomery" ]

3

closed choice

grade4

social science

geography

State capitals

Identify state capitals of the Southeast

Montgomery is the capital of Alabama.

Which continent is highlighted?

[ "Africa", "Asia", "Australia", "North America" ]

3

closed choice

grade5

social science

geography

Oceans and continents

Identify oceans and continents

A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.

This continent is North America.

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Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words? academy - apparent

[ "affair", "aviator" ]

0

closed choice

grade7

language science

reference-skills

Reference skills

Use guide words

Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order. To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on. If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.

Put the words in alphabetical order. Since affair is between the guide words academy - apparent, it would be found on that page.

Which of the following could Hector's test show?

[ "whether the filter was clogged", "the amount of bacteria in the water before it was filtered", "whether an inexpensive filter would become clogged more often" ]

0

People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. The passage below describes how the engineering-design process was used to test a solution to a problem. Read the passage. Then answer the question below. Hector was . At the plant, an expensive filter was used to remove disease-causing bacteria from the water. But over time, the filter would become clogged with bacteria. If the filter became clogged, the water would not move through quickly enough. Hector had to decide when the filter was too clogged and needed to be replaced. So, during his inspection, Hector checked the filter by measuring how quickly water moved through it. Figure: an engineer at a water treatment plant.

closed choice

grade7

natural science

science-and-engineering-practices

Engineering practices

Evaluate tests of engineering-design solutions

People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured. Imagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves. First, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind. Then, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved. Tests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.

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What is the volume of a salt shaker?

[ "43 milliliters", "43 liters" ]

0

Select the better estimate.

closed choice

grade5

natural science

units-and-measurement

Units and measurement

Choose metric units of volume

Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means. Volume is a measurement of how much space something takes up. There are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters. There are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter. A raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.

The better estimate for the volume of a salt shaker is 43 milliliters. 43 liters is too much.

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Is the following statement true or false? A plant cell does not have a cell membrane.

[ "true", "false" ]

1

true-or false

grade4

natural science

biology

Cells

Cell part functions: true or false

A plant cell does not have a cell membrane. This statement is false. Every cell has a cell membrane. The cell membrane controls which substances enter and leave the cell.

Which country is highlighted?

[ "Dominica", "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", "Trinidad and Tobago", "Grenada" ]

3

closed choice

grade7

social science

geography

The Americas: geography

Identify and select countries of the Caribbean

This country is Grenada.

What can Sally and Chloe trade to each get what they want?

[ "Sally can trade her tomatoes for Chloe's sandwich.", "Chloe can trade her almonds for Sally's tomatoes.", "Chloe can trade her broccoli for Sally's oranges.", "Sally can trade her tomatoes for Chloe's broccoli." ]

3

Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Sally and Chloe open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Both of them could be happier with their lunches. Sally wanted broccoli in her lunch and Chloe was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below.

closed choice

grade6

social science

economics

Basic economic principles

Trade and specialization

Sally wanted broccoli in her lunch and Chloe was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images. Sally has tomatoes. Chloe has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want.

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Compare the motion of three geese. Which goose was moving at the highest speed?

[ "a goose that moved 905kilometers south in 10hours", "a goose that moved 925kilometers west in 10hours", "a goose that moved 920kilometers west in 10hours" ]

1

closed choice

grade3

natural science

physics

Force and motion

Compare the speeds of moving objects

An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time. Distance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer. Time tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour. Think about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the fastest will go the farthest distance in that time. It is moving at the highest speed.

Look at the distance each goose moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each goose moved does not affect its speed. Notice that each goose moved for 10 hours. The goose that moved 925 kilometers moved the farthest distance in that time. So, that goose must have moved at the highest speed.

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Does this passage describe the weather or the climate? There are usually more days with low air pressure than high air pressure where Diane lives.

[ "climate", "weather" ]

0

closed choice

grade5

natural science

earth-science

Weather and climate

What's the difference between weather and climate?

The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere. Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.

Read the text carefully. There are usually more days with low air pressure than high air pressure where Diane lives. Air pressure is caused by the weight of the air in the atmosphere. When the air pressure is low, the sky is usually cloudy. When the air pressure is high, the sky is usually clear. This passage tells you about the usual pattern of air pressure where Diane lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.

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Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words? clover - cry

[ "come", "cap" ]

0

closed choice

grade2

language science

reference-skills

Reference skills

Use guide words

Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order. To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.

Put the words in alphabetical order. Since come is between the guide words clover - cry, it would be found on that page.

Which better describes the Okefenokee Swamp ecosystem?

[ "It has land that is covered with water during most of the year. It also has soil that is rich in nutrients.", "It has soil that is poor in nutrients. It also has only a few types of organisms." ]

0

Figure: Okefenokee Swamp. The Okefenokee Swamp is a wetland ecosystem in Georgia and Florida.

closed choice

grade3

natural science

biology

Ecosystems

Describe ecosystems

An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other: the pattern of weather, or climate the type of soil or water the organisms that live there

A wetland is a type of ecosystem. Wetlands have the following features: land that is covered with water during most of the year, soil that is rich in nutrients, and other water ecosystems nearby. So, the Okefenokee Swamp has land that is covered with water during most of the year. It also has soil that is rich in nutrients.

What can Janice and Abdul trade to each get what they want?

[ "Abdul can trade his almonds for Janice's tomatoes.", "Janice can trade her tomatoes for Abdul's carrots.", "Janice can trade her tomatoes for Abdul's broccoli.", "Abdul can trade his broccoli for Janice's oranges." ]

2

Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Janice and Abdul open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Neither Janice nor Abdul got everything that they wanted. The table below shows which items they each wanted: Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below. Janice's lunch Abdul's lunch

closed choice

grade7

social science

economics

Basic economic principles

Trade and specialization

Look at the table and images. Janice wants broccoli. Abdul wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.

Which animal is also adapted to be camouflaged in the snow?

[ "short-tailed weasel", "common hawk-cuckoo" ]

0

Arctic wolves live in the Canadian Arctic and Greenland. The is adapted to be camouflaged in the snow. Figure: Arctic wolf.

closed choice

grade3

natural science

biology

Adaptations

Animal adaptations: skins and body coverings

An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators.

Look at the picture of the Arctic wolf. This Arctic wolf has white fur covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in the snow. The word camouflage means to blend in. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation. During the winter, the short-tailed weasel has white fur covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in the snow. The common hawk-cuckoo has a gray head, a gray-and-brown back, and a white belly with a gray-and-brown pattern. It is not adapted to be camouflaged in the snow.

What is the capital of Idaho?

[ "Fairbanks", "Santa Fe", "Boise", "Nampa" ]

2

closed choice

grade4

social science

geography

State capitals

Identify state capitals of the West

Boise is the capital of Idaho.

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Which figure of speech is used in this text? Take care to get what you like or you will be forced to like what you get. —George Bernard Shaw, Man and Superman

[ "chiasmus", "paradox" ]

0

closed choice

grade11

language science

figurative-language

Literary devices

Classify the figure of speech: review

Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive. Anaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses. We are united. We are powerful. We are winners. Antithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure. I want to help, not to hurt. Apostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity. Oh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully? Assonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words. Try to light the fire. Chiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words. Never let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you. A euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic. The head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off. Hyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally. I ate so much that I think I might explode! An oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms. Some reviewers are calling this book a new classic. A paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth. Always expect the unexpected. Understatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is. As you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.

The text uses chiasmus, an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words. The second half of the sentence reverses the order of the words get and like relative to the first half.

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What does the simile in this text suggest? When Lee Mellon finished the apple he smacked his lips together like a pair of cymbals. —Richard Brautigan, A Confederate General from Big Sur

[ "Lee Mellon made a loud noise with his lips.", "Lee Mellon was a musician." ]

0

closed choice

grade10

language science

figurative-language

Literary devices

Interpret figures of speech

Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive. A simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike. The cat's fur was as dark as the night.

The text includes a simile, using like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike. The simile like a pair of cymbals suggests that Lee Mellon made a loud noise with his lips. When cymbals are banged together, they make a loud crashing noise.

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What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below? Porter got off the mountain by the skin of his teeth.

[ "the Bible", "a movie" ]

0

closed choice

grade8

language science

figurative-language

Literary devices

Recall the source of an allusion

An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words. "I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!" Lila remarked. Here, Lila alludes to the fairy tale "Cinderella," in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.

The source of the allusion by the skin of his teeth is the Bible. In the Bible, Job complains to God about his hardships, saying that both strangers and those he loves have turned against him. He says, "My bone cleaveth to my skin and to my flesh, and I am escaped with the skin of my teeth." Scholars have long debated the exact meaning of the phrase, but many claim that Job is saying that he narrowly escaped death. The allusion by the skin of his teeth means just barely.

Identify the question that Elena's experiment can best answer.

[ "Do radishes grown under bright light get bigger than radishes grown under dim light?", "Do radish plants grown under bright light have more leaves than radish plants grown under dim light?" ]

0

The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and then follow the instructions below. Elena planted 20 radish plants in a greenhouse, putting each plant in its own pot. She placed ten of the pots under bright light and the other ten pots under dim light. Elena watered all the plants twice a day. After two months, she pulled the radish plants from the ground, threw away the leafy green tops, and measured the sizes of the radishes. She compared the sizes of the radishes grown under bright light to the sizes of the radishes grown under dim light. Figure: a radish plant in soil.

closed choice

grade8

natural science

science-and-engineering-practices

Designing experiments

Identify the experimental question

Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment. Imagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured. First, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested. Then, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured. Experiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height. Examples of questions that this experiment can answer include: Does soil type affect the height of daffodil plants? Do daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil? Are daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?

Which type of force from the student's finger presses the key on the keyboard?

[ "push", "pull" ]

0

A student types on a keyboard. Her finger applies a force to a key.

closed choice

grade3

natural science

physics

Force and motion

Identify pushes and pulls

A force is a push or a pull that one object applies to a second object. The direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing. The direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling.

The student's finger applies a force to the key as she types. The direction of this force is away from her finger. This force is a push.

What is the capital of New Jersey?

[ "Hartford", "Newark", "Trenton", "Jersey City" ]

2

closed choice

grade4

social science

geography

State capitals

Identify state capitals of the Northeast

Trenton is the capital of New Jersey.

What is the capital of Illinois?

[ "Springfield", "Albany", "Chicago", "Madison" ]

0

closed choice

grade3

social science

geography

State capitals

Identify state capitals of the Midwest

Springfield is the capital of Illinois.

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Is washing cars a good or a service?

[ "a good", "a service" ]

1

closed choice

grade2

social science

economics

Economics

Goods and services

Everything you can buy is either a good or a service. A good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good. A service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service.

To decide whether washing cars is a good or a service, ask these questions: Is washing cars something you can touch? No. Is washing cars a job you might pay someone else to do? Yes. So, washing cars is a service.

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Which correctly shows the title of a movie?

[ "No Time but Now", "no Time but Now" ]

0

closed choice

grade4

language science

capitalization

Formatting

Capitalizing titles

In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach These words are not important in titles: Articles, a, an, the Short prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up Coordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or

Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word but is not important, so it should not be capitalized. The correct title is No Time but Now.

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Based on this information, what is this plant's phenotype for the pea color trait?

[ "yellow peas", "green peas" ]

0

In a group of pea plants, some individuals have yellow peas and others have green peas. In this group, the gene for the pea color trait has two alleles. The allele for yellow peas (E) is dominant over the allele for green peas (e). A certain pea plant from this group has the heterozygous genotype Ee for the pea color gene.

closed choice

grade7

natural science

biology

Genes to traits

Genetics vocabulary: dominant and recessive

All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait. For example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent. An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. Some traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene. An organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene. An organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene. The types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype. A dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers. A recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.

You need to determine the pea plant's phenotype for the pea color trait. First, consider the alleles in the plant's genotype for the pea color gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for yellow peas (E) is dominant over the allele for green peas (e). This means E is a dominant allele, and e is a recessive allele. The pea plant's genotype of Ee has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, the pea plant's phenotype for the pea color trait must be yellow peas.

Which animal's feet are also adapted for grabbing prey?

[ "Malayan tapir", "common buzzard" ]

1

Golden eagles eat fish, mammals, and other birds. The 's feet are adapted to grab prey. Figure: golden eagle.

closed choice

grade3

natural science

biology

Adaptations

Animal adaptations: feet and limbs

An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground.

Look at the picture of the golden eagle. The golden eagle has long toes with sharp claws. Its feet are adapted for grabbing prey. The sharp claws can help the golden eagle attack and kill its prey. The long toes can help it hold on to its prey. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation. The common buzzard has long toes with sharp claws. Its feet are adapted for grabbing prey. The Malayan tapir has large, heavy feet. Its feet are not adapted for grabbing prey. The Malayan tapir uses its feet to walk and run.

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How long does it take to brush your teeth?

[ "2 seconds", "2 minutes" ]

1

Select the better estimate.

closed choice

grade3

natural science

units-and-measurement

Units and measurement

Choose units of time

Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means. Imagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds? The number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing. Time is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven. There are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute. There are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.

The better estimate for how long it takes to brush your teeth is 2 minutes. 2 seconds is too fast.

Is the following statement about our solar system true or false? The smallest planet is made mainly of rock.

[ "false", "true" ]

1

Use the data to answer the question below.

true-or false

grade7

natural science

earth-science

Astronomy

Analyze data to compare properties of planets

A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet. The primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.

The table tells you that the smallest planet is Mercury and that Mercury is made mainly of rock. So, the smallest planet is made mainly of rock.

Will these magnets attract or repel each other?

[ "attract", "repel" ]

1

Two magnets are placed as shown.

closed choice

grade4

natural science

physics

Magnets

Identify magnets that attract or repel

Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. Whether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south. Here are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is labeled N, and the south pole is labeled S. If opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract. If the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.

To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other. The north pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.

Which country is highlighted?

[ "Australia", "the Marshall Islands", "New Zealand", "Papua New Guinea" ]

2

closed choice

grade6

social science

geography

Oceania: geography

Identify and select countries of Oceania

This country is New Zealand.

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Based on this information, what is this pea plant's phenotype for the pea shape trait?

[ "wrinkled peas", "ee" ]

0

In a group of pea plants, some individuals have round peas and others have wrinkled peas. In this group, the gene for the pea shape trait has two alleles. The allele E is for round peas, and the allele e is for wrinkled peas. A certain pea plant from this group has wrinkled peas. This plant has two alleles for wrinkled peas.

closed choice

grade7

natural science

biology

Genes to traits

Genetics vocabulary: genotype and phenotype

All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait. For example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent. An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.

An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. The pea plant's observable version of the pea shape trait is wrinkled peas. So, the plant's phenotype for the pea shape trait is wrinkled peas.

What can Emmet and Kathleen trade to each get what they want?

[ "Emmet can trade his tomatoes for Kathleen's broccoli.", "Emmet can trade his tomatoes for Kathleen's sandwich.", "Kathleen can trade her almonds for Emmet's tomatoes.", "Kathleen can trade her broccoli for Emmet's oranges." ]

0

Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Emmet and Kathleen open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Both of them could be happier with their lunches. Emmet wanted broccoli in his lunch and Kathleen was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below.

closed choice

grade6

social science

economics

Basic economic principles

Trade and specialization

Emmet wanted broccoli in his lunch and Kathleen was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images. Emmet has tomatoes. Kathleen has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want.

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What information supports the conclusion that Darren inherited this trait?

[ "Darren and his biological mother have pale skin.", "Darren's biological parents have freckles on their noses just as Darren does.", "Darren has freckles on his nose and shoulders." ]

1

Read the description of a trait. Darren has freckles.

closed choice

grade8

natural science

biology

Genes to traits

Inherited and acquired traits: use evidence to support a statement

Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways. Inherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned. Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.

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How long does it take to mow the lawn?

[ "30 minutes", "30 seconds" ]

0

Select the better estimate.

closed choice

grade3

natural science

units-and-measurement

Units and measurement

Choose units of time

Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means. Imagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds? The number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing. Time is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven. There are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute. There are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.

The better estimate for how long it takes to mow the lawn is 30 minutes. 30 seconds is too fast.

Compare the average kinetic energies of the particles in each sample. Which sample has the higher temperature?

[ "sample A", "sample B", "neither; the samples have the same temperature" ]

1

The diagrams below show two pure samples of gas in identical closed, rigid containers. Each colored ball represents one gas particle. Both samples have the same number of particles.

closed choice

grade6

natural science

physics

Particle motion and energy

Identify how particle motion affects temperature and pressure

The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance. The kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.

Each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. The particles in sample B also have a higher average speed than the particles in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A. Because the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature.

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What information supports the conclusion that Michelle acquired this trait?

[ "Michelle can fly a plane on cloudy days and at night.", "Michelle is in the Air Force. She flies a plane almost every day.", "A pilot taught Michelle how to fly a plane." ]

2

Read the description of a trait. Michelle knows how to fly a plane.

closed choice

grade8

natural science

biology

Genes to traits

Inherited and acquired traits: use evidence to support a statement

Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways. Inherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned. Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.

Select the organism in the same genus as the mouflon.

[ "Hystrix cristata", "Alouatta palliata", "Ovis aries" ]

2

This organism is a mouflon. Its scientific name is Ovis orientalis.

closed choice

grade4

natural science

biology

Scientific names

Use scientific names to classify organisms

Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words. The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits. A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus. Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus. Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.

A mouflon's scientific name is Ovis orientalis. The first word of its scientific name is Ovis. Alouatta palliata is in the genus Alouatta. The first word of its scientific name is Alouatta. So, Alouatta palliata and Ovis orientalis are not in the same genus. Ovis aries is in the genus Ovis. The first word of its scientific name is Ovis. So, Ovis aries and Ovis orientalis are in the same genus. Hystrix cristata is in the genus Hystrix. The first word of its scientific name is Hystrix. So, Hystrix cristata and Ovis orientalis are not in the same genus.

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How long is a leather belt?

[ "31 inches", "31 feet", "31 miles", "31 yards" ]

0

Select the best estimate.

closed choice

grade7

natural science

units-and-measurement

Units and measurement

Choose customary units of distance, mass, and volume

Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means. When you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles. There are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile. A football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.

The best estimate for the length of a leather belt is 31 inches. 31 feet, 31 yards, and 31 miles are all too long.

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Which statement describes the bowl's motion?

[ "The bowl is accelerating.", "The bowl has a constant velocity." ]

1

A steaming bowl of tomato soup is sitting motionless on a table to cool.

closed choice

grade8

natural science

physics

Velocity, acceleration, and forces

Identify whether objects are accelerating

An object's velocity describes its speed and its direction. An object has a constant velocity when neither its speed nor its direction is changing. So, an object has a constant velocity when the object is: moving in a straight line at a constant speed, or remaining motionless. If an object does not have a constant velocity, the object is accelerating. An object is accelerating when either its speed or its direction is changing. So, an object is accelerating when the object is: speeding up, slowing down, or changing direction.

The bowl is remaining motionless. So, the bowl has a constant velocity.

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Select the bird.

[ "red-eyed tree frog", "harbor seal", "Steller's sea eagle", "humpback whale" ]

2

closed choice

grade5

natural science

biology

Classification

Identify mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians

Birds have feathers, two wings, and a beak.

A humpback whale is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk. Whales are mammals that live in the ocean. Humpback whales have small hairs that grow from bumps around their mouth. A red-eyed tree frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. A red-eyed tree frog has sticky pads on its toes. The sticky pads help the red-eyed tree frog hold on to leaves. A harbor seal is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk. Seals have flippers instead of arms! They use their flippers to swim underwater or to crawl on the beach. A Steller's sea eagle is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak. Sea eagles use their sharp beaks to eat fish and other birds.

Which solution has a higher concentration of green particles?

[ "Solution A", "Solution B", "neither; their concentrations are the same" ]

1

The diagram below is a model of two solutions. Each green ball represents one particle of solute.

closed choice

grade8

natural science

chemistry

Solutions

Compare concentrations of solutions

A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent. The concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent. concentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent

In Solution A and Solution B, the green particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of green particles, look at both the number of green particles and the volume of the solvent in each container. Use the concentration formula to find the number of green particles per milliliter. Solution B has more green particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of green particles.

Which of these cities is marked on the map?

[ "Pittsburgh", "Baltimore", "New York City", "Boston" ]

2

closed choice

grade4

social science

geography

Cities

Cities of the Northeast

The city is New York City, New York. Pittsburgh, Boston, and Baltimore are marked with gray circles on the map below.

Which solution has a higher concentration of blue particles?

[ "Solution B", "neither; their concentrations are the same", "Solution A" ]

0

The diagram below is a model of two solutions. Each blue ball represents one particle of solute.

closed choice

grade7

natural science

chemistry

Solutions

Compare concentrations of solutions

A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent. The concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent. concentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent

In Solution A and Solution B, the blue particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of blue particles, look at both the number of blue particles and the volume of the solvent in each container. Use the concentration formula to find the number of blue particles per milliliter. Solution B has more blue particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of blue particles.

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Which wax candle has more thermal energy?

[ "the hotter wax candle", "the colder wax candle" ]

0

Two 14-gram wax candles are identical except for their temperatures.

closed choice

grade6

natural science

physics

Thermal energy

How are temperature and mass related to thermal energy?

Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving. The energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving. Temperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature. What happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70°F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70°F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.

The two wax candles are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the hotter wax candle has more thermal energy.

Which property do these four objects have in common?

[ "salty", "stretchy", "transparent" ]

0

Select the best answer.

closed choice

grade5

natural science

physics

Materials

Compare properties of objects

An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.

Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. A stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. The potato chips and the pretzel are not stretchy. Potato chips have a salty taste. All four objects are salty. You can see clearly through a transparent object. The potato chips, the pretzel, and the fries are not transparent. The property that all four objects have in common is salty.

Which of the following was a dependent variable in this experiment?

[ "the amount of oxygen in the tanks", "the species of algae" ]

0

The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and think about the variables that are described. Dr. Hardin collected two species of algae, Chlorella rotunda and Tetraselmis cordiformis. He wanted to know whether one species released more oxygen as it grew than the other species. To find out, Dr. Hardin prepared six culture tanks. He filled each tank with the same amount of a mixture of water and nutrients. Then, he added 1,000 live algae cells to each tank and sealed the tank. In three of the tanks, he added C. rotunda cells. In the other three, he added T. cordiformis cells. After five days, Dr. Hardin measured the amount of oxygen in each culture tank. Hint: An independent variable is a variable whose effect you are investigating. A dependent variable is a variable that you measure. Figure: growing algae in culture tanks.

closed choice

grade6

natural science

science-and-engineering-practices

Designing experiments

Identify independent and dependent variables

Experiments have variables, or parts that change. You can design an experiment to find out how one variable affects another variable. For example, imagine that you want to find out if fertilizer affects the number of tomatoes a tomato plant grows. To answer this question, you decide to set up two equal groups of tomato plants. Then, you add fertilizer to the soil of the plants in one group but not in the other group. Later, you measure the effect of the fertilizer by counting the number of tomatoes on each plant. In this experiment, the amount of fertilizer added to the soil and the number of tomatoes were both variables. The amount of fertilizer added to the soil was an independent variable because it was the variable whose effect you were investigating. This type of variable is called independent because its value does not depend on what happens after the experiment begins. Instead, you decided to give fertilizer to some plants and not to others. The number of tomatoes was a dependent variable because it was the variable you were measuring. This type of variable is called dependent because its value can depend on what happens in the experiment.

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Which figure of speech is used in this text? During much of the twentieth century, artistic types were a dime a dozen in Greenwich Village.

[ "idiom", "allusion" ]

0

closed choice

grade10

language science

figurative-language

Literary devices

Classify figures of speech: review

Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive. Alliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words. What a lucky little lady you are! An allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature. "I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!" Lila remarked. An idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned. The assignment was a piece of cake. A simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike. The cat's fur was as dark as the night. A metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as. The snow formed a blanket over the town. Onomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound. The scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat. Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. The trees danced in the wind. A pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning. A great new broom is sweeping the nation. Verbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic. Olivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down. Each breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.

The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally. A dime a dozen means common.

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Based on this information, what is this plant's phenotype for the leaf texture trait?

[ "fuzzy leaves", "smooth leaves" ]

1

In a group of summer squash plants, some individuals have fuzzy leaves and others have smooth leaves. In this group, the gene for the leaf texture trait has two alleles. The allele for smooth leaves (l) is recessive to the allele for fuzzy leaves (L). A certain summer squash plant from this group has the homozygous genotype ll for the leaf texture gene.

closed choice

grade8

natural science

biology

Genes to traits

Genetics vocabulary: dominant and recessive

All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait. For example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent. An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. Some traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene. An organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene. An organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene. The types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype. A dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers. A recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.

The summer squash plant's genotype for the leaf texture gene is ll. The summer squash plant's genotype of ll has only l alleles. The l allele is for smooth leaves. So, the summer squash plant's phenotype for the leaf texture trait must be smooth leaves. To check this answer, consider whether the summer squash plant's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for smooth leaves (l) is recessive to the allele for fuzzy leaves (L). This means L is a dominant allele, and l is a recessive allele. The summer squash plant's genotype of ll has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, the summer squash plant's phenotype for the leaf texture trait must be smooth leaves.

Select the mammal below.

[ "green tree frog", "human" ]

1

Mammals have hair or fur and feed their young milk. A red kangaroo is an example of a mammal.

closed choice

grade3

natural science

biology

Classification

Identify mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians

Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common. Scientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.

A human is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk. Humans are a type of animal called a primate. Monkeys and apes are also primates. A green tree frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. There are many kinds of tree frogs. Most tree frogs are very small. They can walk on thin branches.

What can Barry and Mona trade to each get what they want?

[ "Mona can trade her almonds for Barry's tomatoes.", "Mona can trade her broccoli for Barry's oranges.", "Barry can trade his tomatoes for Mona's sandwich.", "Barry can trade his tomatoes for Mona's broccoli." ]

3

Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Barry and Mona open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Both of them could be happier with their lunches. Barry wanted broccoli in his lunch and Mona was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below.

closed choice

grade6

social science

economics

Basic economic principles

Trade and specialization

Barry wanted broccoli in his lunch and Mona was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images. Barry has tomatoes. Mona has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want.

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Which correctly shows the title of a magazine?

[ "***Car and Driver***", "\"Car and Driver\"" ]

0

closed choice

grade9

language science

punctuation

Formatting

Formatting titles

The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead. A Midsummer Night's Dream The title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks. "You Are My Sunshine"

A magazine should be in italics. The correct title is **Car and Driver**.

Identify the question that Tanner's experiment can best answer.

[ "Can pennies hold more drops of pure water or water mixed with hand soap?", "Can pennies hold more drops of water mixed with dish soap or water mixed with hand soap?" ]

0

The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and then follow the instructions below. Tanner used a dropper to put equal-sized drops of pure water, one at a time, onto a penny. The drops stayed together and formed a dome on the penny's surface. Tanner recorded the number of drops he could add before the water spilled over the edge of the penny. Then, he rinsed and dried the penny, and repeated the test using water mixed with hand soap. He repeated these trials on nine additional pennies. Tanner compared the average number of pure water drops to the average number of water drops mixed with hand soap that he could add to a penny before the water spilled over. Figure: a dome of water on the surface of a penny.

closed choice

grade6

natural science

science-and-engineering-practices

Designing experiments

Identify the experimental question

Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment. Imagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured. First, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested. Then, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured. Experiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height. Examples of questions that this experiment can answer include: Does soil type affect the height of daffodil plants? Do daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil? Are daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?

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Using only these supplies, which question can Jasper investigate with an experiment?

[ "Do toy cars go faster down the ramp made of wood or the ramp made of cardboard?", "Do toy cars with plastic wheels go faster down the cardboard ramp than toy cars with metal wheels?", "Does a big toy car go down the wooden ramp faster than a small toy car?" ]

0

Jasper and his sister are building ramps to race their toy cars down. Jasper notices that the cars go down some of the ramps faster than others. He wonders what factors affect the cars' speed. So, he decides to design an experiment. He has the following supplies available: two identical toy cars a wooden ramp three feet long and two feet tall a cardboard ramp three feet long and two feet tall

closed choice

grade7

natural science

science-and-engineering-practices

Designing experiments

Identify questions that can be investigated with a set of materials

Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment. Imagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment? First, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available. Next, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick. So, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!

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What does the euphemism in this text suggest? Mr. Randolph is enjoying his golden years in a luxurious beachside community just down the street from his grandchildren.

[ "Mr. Randolph is old.", "Mr. Randolph is rich." ]

0

closed choice

grade11

language science

figurative-language

Literary devices

Interpret the figure of speech

Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive. A euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic. The head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.

The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic. The euphemism golden years indicates that Mr. Randolph is old. Golden years is a nicer way of referring to old age.

Complete the statement. Calcium oxide is ().

[ "an elementary substance", "a compound" ]

1

The model below represents calcium oxide. Calcium oxide is used to make cement and steel.

closed choice

grade7

natural science

chemistry

Atoms and molecules

Classify elementary substances and compounds using models

There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you. A substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds. Every chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be. Scientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a space-filling model. The space-filling model below represents the compound rubidium bromide. In a space-filling model, the balls represent atoms that are bonded together. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance.

Use the model to determine whether calcium oxide is an elementary substance or a compound. Step 1: Interpret the model. . Use the legend to determine the chemical element represented by each color. The colors and atomic symbols from the legend are shown in the table below. The table also includes the names of the chemical elements represented in the model. You can see from the model that calcium oxide is composed of oxygen atoms and calcium atoms bonded together. Step 2: Determine whether the substance is an elementary substance or a compound. You know from Step 1 that calcium oxide is composed of two chemical elements: oxygen and calcium. Since calcium oxide is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, calcium oxide is a compound.

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Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words? dare - disturb

[ "devour", "dread" ]

0

closed choice

grade8

language science

reference-skills

Reference skills

Use guide words

Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order. To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on. If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.

Put the words in alphabetical order. Since devour is between the guide words dare - disturb, it would be found on that page.

What is the name of the colony shown?

[ "Virginia", "New Jersey", "Kentucky", "Massachusetts" ]

3

closed choice

grade7

social science

us-history

Colonial America

Identify the Thirteen Colonies

The colony is Massachusetts. The Massachusetts Colony included land that would later become the state of Maine. Maine was never its own colony.

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Which logical fallacy is used in the text? In this election, we've seen the highest voter turnout ever recorded. If you have any doubts about Brad Lloyd's qualifications, just look at how many people have come out to vote for him.

[ "bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct", "red herring: the use of a completely unrelated topic or idea" ]

0

closed choice

grade8

language science

writing-strategies

Developing and supporting arguments

Classify logical fallacies

A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions. A logical fallacy may present irrelevant information: Fallacy | Description ad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent appeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice bandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice circular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself guilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something red herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim A logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand: Fallacy | Description false causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other false dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist hasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence straw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against

The text argues that Brad Lloyd is the most qualified candidate, because so many voters turned out to vote. However, even though many people voted for him, that doesn't necessarily mean that Brad Lloyd is the most qualified candidate. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as the bandwagon fallacy.

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Select the tropical coral reef ecosystem.

[ "This ecosystem has:\nland that is covered with water during most of the year\nsoil that is rich in nutrients\nother water ecosystems nearby", "This ecosystem has:\nshallow, salty water\nbright sunlight\nmany different types of organisms" ]

1

closed choice

grade4

natural science

biology

Ecosystems

Identify ecosystems

An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment. There are many different types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which these ecosystems can differ from each other: the pattern of weather, or climate the type of soil or water the organisms that live there

A tropical coral reef is a type of ecosystem. It has shallow, salty water, bright sunlight, and many different types of organisms. Choice 1 is a tropical coral reef ecosystem. It has shallow water and many different types of organisms. Choice 2 is a wetland ecosystem. It is covered with water for most of the year. Wetlands also have soil that is rich in nutrients.

What can Arianna and Clarence trade to each get what they want?

[ "Arianna can trade her tomatoes for Clarence's sandwich.", "Arianna can trade her tomatoes for Clarence's broccoli.", "Clarence can trade his broccoli for Arianna's oranges.", "Clarence can trade his almonds for Arianna's tomatoes." ]

1

Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Arianna and Clarence open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Both of them could be happier with their lunches. Arianna wanted broccoli in her lunch and Clarence was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below.

closed choice

grade6

social science

economics

Basic economic principles

Trade and specialization

Arianna wanted broccoli in her lunch and Clarence was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images. Arianna has tomatoes. Clarence has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want.

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Which figure of speech is used in this text? Deb insisted that her dog wasn't fat; she said that he was merely well-fed.

[ "paradox", "euphemism" ]

1

closed choice

grade9

language science

figurative-language

Literary devices

Classify figures of speech: euphemism, hyperbole, oxymoron, paradox

Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive. A euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic. The head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off. Hyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally. I ate so much that I think I might explode! An oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms. Some reviewers are calling this book a new classic. A paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth. Always expect the unexpected.

The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic. Well-fed is an indirect way of saying overweight.