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US-201213606048-A_1 | USPTO | Open Government | Public Domain | 2,012 | None | None | English | Spoken | 3,974 | 5,086 | High Density Polyethylene Gate Valve
ABSTRACT
A gate or gate-type valve is used as a flow regulating device specifically for use in saturated gaseous, high particulate, high temperature, and low pressure environments such as in landfill gas wellfields and similar environments where particulate and water gathering can obstruct the operation of a typical gate valve. The valve has a T-shaped body with a fluid flow tube and a transverse plunger tube. A plunger threads into the plunger tube to define a fluid-tight seal between the plunger and the plunger tube and has a distal end that opens and closes the fluid flow tube as the plunger is rotated between open and closed positions.
FIELD OF INVENTION
This invention relates to apparatus and methods for regulating fluidflow, and more particularly to a self sealing gate valve especiallyadapted and designed for use in challenging environments.
BACKGROUND
Landfills are often prolific contributors of green house gases,particularly methane (CH4) which according to the EPA is a greenhousegas approximately 21 times more potent than carbon dioxide (C02),emissions. A common method of waste disposal and treatment, landfillsproduce these gases, among others, from the anaerobic digestion bymicrobes of organic matter. These gases, typically composed of mostlymethane and carbon dioxide, may be collected and methane in particularmay be utilized, with contemporary technology, to generate electricityby combustion, fuel industrial boilers, or be converted to pipelinequality High-BTU gas. In utilizing the methane from the landfill,greenhouse gas emissions are greatly reduced.
Landfills frequently have gas extraction systems to capture landfillgases. Gases are typically drawn out of a landfill with a low pressurevacuum via a wellfield collection system. The wellfield typicallyconsists of multiple gas extraction wells that extend deep beneath thesurface of the landfill to pull methane from a location near the bottomof the landfill. Each extraction well extends up to the surface of thelandfill and there the extraction wells are manifolded together so thatvacuum can be pulled with one centralized blower or compressor.
It is critical to regulate the vacuum draw on the landfill wellfield andflow of gas through the system and it will be appreciated that wellfieldgas recovery and extraction systems employ numerous flow regulatingdevices, including a variety of valves. Regulating the vacuum or draw onthe field regulates, to a degree, the type and rate of decomposition.Too much draw may pull oxygen into the wellfield enabling aerobicdecomposition and causing underground fires thus requiring shutdown ofthe wellfield resulting in unrestricted release of greenhouse gases intothe atmosphere. Too small of a draw will increase gas diffusion intosurrounding soil and eventual release of methane into the atmosphere.Typically each extraction well utilizes a valve at the head of the wellto adjust the vacuum pulled on the well. After monitoring the extractionwell's gas flow and composition, an operator may adjust this valve tooptimize gas recovery or limit oxygen pull into the landfill.
Landfill gas monitoring and recovery is referred to as a wet gasindustry because the gases created in landfills are typically 100percent saturated because water is produced throughout the wellfield inaddition to oxygen, nitrogen, methane and carbon dioxide. The wet gas,the possibility of particulates, and low pressures associated with thesesystems present some significant challenges for gas flow regulatingdevices, particularly the valves used in the systems. Many existingvalves can be damaged by the corrosive environment, and particulates inthe gas often cause problems with proper sealing at the valve seat.
There is a need therefore for improved apparatus for regulating gas flowthrough landfill gas wellfield recovery systems, and in particular,valves that avoid the problems of know systems.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
The subject invention is a gate or gate-type valve designed for use as aflow regulating device specifically for use in saturated gaseous, highparticulate, high temperature, and low pressure environments such as inlandfill gas wellfields and similar environments where particulate andwater gathering can obstruct the operation of a typical gate valve.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will be better understood and its numerous objects andadvantages will be apparent by reference to the following detaileddescription of the invention when taken in conjunction with thefollowing drawings.
FIG. 1 is a side elevation view of a first illustrated embodiment of avalve assembly according to the present invention, showing the valveplunger and housing in an assembled condition.
FIG. 2 is an end elevation view of the valve assembly shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the valve assembly shown in FIG. 1illustrating the components of the assembly.
FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view taken along the line 4-4 of FIG. 1,illustrating the valve assembly of the present invention with theplunger in the open position.
FIG. 5 is a cross sectional view similar to the view of FIG. 4 exceptshowing the plunger in the closed position.
FIG. 6 is a cross sectional view taken along the line 6-6 of FIG. 1,illustrating the valve assembly of the present invention with theplunger in the open position.
FIG. 7 is a cross sectional view similar to the view of FIG. 6 exceptshowing the plunger in the closed position.
FIG. 8 is a cross sectional view taken along the line 8-8 of FIG. 5.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATED EMBODIMENTS
The valve assembly 10 according to the present invention is a gate valvethat is defined by a valve body or housing 12 and a plunger assembly 50.The plunger assembly 50 is in turn comprised of a plunger body 52 and avalve handle assembly 62. The body 12 is defined generally by a T-shapedfitting having a linear length of tubing 14 that is plumbed inline in awellfield gas line and a plunger assembly tube 16 that extendstransverse to the linear tubing 14. The housing 12 is preferably aone-piece unit that is fabricated from high density polyethylene (HDPE).The housing defines open conduits through the interior of the housing:the housing is plumbed in-line with appropriate connector fittings andthe gas flow path extends through the linear tubing 14 and the plungerassembly fits into the plunger assembly tube 16. As detailed below, theinterior of the housing includes plunger seating structures tofacilitate complete closure of the valve. It will be appreciated thatthe valve assembly 10 may be fabricated in any size appropriate for anyparticular installation—the nominal size of the tubing used for valveassembly 10 is sized to fit the tubing into which the valve assemblywill be installed.
The outermost end 18 of plunger assembly tube 16 has external threads 20and internal threads 22, the purpose of which is detailed below.
With reference to FIG. 3, plunger assembly 50 comprises a plunger body52 and a valve handle assembly 62. Plunger body 52 is preferably definedby a one-piece elongate member that includes generally a distal end 54and a proximal end 56. An upper shaft portion 58 is adjacent theproximal end 56 and a lower shaft portion 60 that has an enlargeddiameter relative to the upper shaft portion 58 is at the distal end 54.Valve handle assembly 62 is the components shown in FIG. 3 that aredirectly and removably attached to the end of upper shaft portion 58 atdistal end 54 and allows an operator to axially rotate the plungerassembly 50 to open and close the valve assembly 10. Valve handleassembly 62 comprises the following components: an internally threadedbonnet 64, a first O-ring 80, a second O-ring 82, a cap 84, a spring pin86, and a handle 86. The bonnet 64 has a central opening 66, and as seenin FIG. 3, the bonnet 64 is assembled with the plunger body 52 withupper shaft portion 58 extending through opening 66 of bonnet 64. Theopening 66 is sized to conform closely to upper shaft portion 58 and toform a seal against it and that seal is enhanced by second O-ring 82,which resides in a circumferential groove in opening 66 so that theO-ring encircles upper shaft 58 and defines a seal between the bonnet 64and the upper shaft 58. The internal threads of bonnet 64 are identifiedwith reference number 68.
With reference now to FIGS. 4 and 5 the assembled handle assembly 62will be detailed. The first O-ring 80 is installed in a circumferentialseat 90 in bonnet 64 and the second O-ring 82 is installed in acircumferential groove 92 in bonnet opening 66. With the first andsecond O-rings thus installed, the shaft 58 is inserted through opening66. Cap 84, which has an internal cylindrical blind opening 94 isinstalled over the end of shaft 58 and spring pin 86 is inserted throughan opening 96 in cap 84 and into an aligned opening 98 in shaft 58 tothereby secure the cap to the shaft. The “upper” end of cap 84 has asquare protrusion 100 that is sized to fit into a cooperatively shapedopening 102 in handle 88 and the handle is thus attached to the cap byinserting the protrusion 100 into the opening 102. The handle is securedto the assembly with a screw 104 that threads into a threaded opening105 in cap 84; a washer 106 is used to retain the handle on the cap.
The lower shaft portion 60 of plunger body 52 defines a sealing portionidentified generally with reference number 70 and a threaded portion 72.The sealing portion 70 includes at the distal end 114 of the plungerbody a semi-hemispherically shaped bottom portion. That is, moving fromthe proximal to the distal ends, the vertical sidewalls of the sealingportion 70 transition to a smoothly radiused circumferential area thattransitions to a generally flattened distal end 114.
Valve 10 is assembled by attaching plunger assembly 50 with housing 12.Specifically, and as best illustrated in the cross sectional images ofFIGS. 4 and 5, distal end 54 of plunger body 52 is inserted into theopening of plunger assembly tube 16 and threaded portion 72 of theplunger body 52 is threaded into internal threads 22 of the plungerassembly tube 16. As the plunger body is threaded into the plungerassembly tube, the sealing portion 70 of lower shaft portion 60 movesinwardly into the body 12. Because the body is one-piece, the sealingportion 70 rotates as the body 52 is rotated to thread the body into thetube. At the point where the treaded portion 72 of the plunger body 52are fully threaded into the internal threads 22 the bonnet 64 may bethreaded onto the plunger assembly tube—that is, the internal threads 68of the bonnet 64 may be threaded onto the external threads 20 of theassembly tube 16 and the bonnet is tightened in place to secure theplunger body 52 to the housing 12. As the bonnet 64 is tightened ontothe external threads 20 of the assembly tube 16, first O-ring 80 iscompressed between the upper circumferential rim 106 that is defined bythe outer end 18 of assembly tube 16 and the seat 90 in the bonnet,thereby creating a leak-free seal between the interior of the valve 10and the exterior of the valve. Moreover, it will be appreciated that thebonnet prevents disassembly of the plunger body 52 from the housing 12.That is, with the bonnet installed and tightened as in FIG. 4, theplunger may not be threaded outwardly far enough to separate the plungerfrom the housing.
The valve 10 is shown in the open position in FIGS. 4 and 6, and in theclosed position is FIGS. 5 and 7. From these figures it may be seen thatthe interior portion of the linear run of tubing 14 of housing 12defines a valve seat 24 that is configured complimentary to the shape ofsealing portion 70 of plunger body 52. That is, the valve seat 24 issemi-hemispherically shaped to correspond to the semi-hemisphericalshape of the distal end 114 of sealing portion 70. More specifically, asshown in the drawings, the distal end 114 is defined by thesubstantially vertical sidewall of the sealing portion 70, whichtransition to a radiused circumferential edge and a generally flattenedbottom portion at distal end 114.
It will be appreciated that as handle 88 is rotated axially to moveplunger body 52 inwardly into housing 12 (with the threaded portion 72of body 52 rotating in threads 22 of plunger assembly tube 16), thesealing portion 70 is driven into valve seat 24. When the distal end 114makes contact with the valve seat 24 and is tightened against the valveseat by continued rotation of handle 88, the valve 10 is in the closedposition, which of course closes the gas pathway through the valve. Itwill be appreciated that the valve assembly 10 is opened by axiallyrotating handle 88 in the opposite direction to move distal end 114 outof its sealing position against valve seat 24.
With reference to FIGS. 6, 7 and 8, it may be seen that the valve seat24 is defined essentially by a cylindrical bore that is cut into valvehousing 12, wherein the axis of the bore is coaxial with the axisextending through plunger assembly tube 16 and the bore extends into thetubing 14 immediately below the tube 16 to define the seat 24. Thethreaded interconnection between the threaded portion 72 of body 52rotating in threads 22 of plunger assembly tube 16 is a very closetolerance and defines an effective gas-tight seal between the passagewaythrough tube 14 (through which gas flows) and the upper portion of thevalve plunger assembly 50—i.e., that portion of the valve plungerassembly outward of threaded portion 72. The threaded interconnection ofthe bonnet 64 with external threads 20 also define a secondary or backupgas-tight seal, combined with O-ring 82, which as noted previously,seals against shaft 58.
The plunger assembly 50 may be used for regulating or limiting flowthrough the valve assembly by varying the position of the distal end 54to thereby vary the size of the gas flow path through the valve.
The valve assembly 10 is a self sealing valve and defines two separatevalve closing components. The first valve sealing component is definedby the gas flow opening and closing function of the distal end 54 andvalve seat 24. This first valve sealing component is used to open,close, and regulate the flow of gas through valve assembly 10. Thesecond valve sealing component comprises a primary and a secondarysealing functionality. The first is defined by threads 72 from theplunger body 52, which seal off the valve and operational handle fromthe gas flow section of the valve assembly 10. The second is defined bythe bonnet 64, which as noted previously seals against upper shaftportion 58.
The plunger body 52 is a one piece system fabricated from HDPE. This maybe contrasted with typical gate valves that utilize two or three pieceplunger or gate systems. The one piece design does not allow vibrationon the plunger during operation as with a typical two or three piecegate valve that can vibrate from the flow when not in the fully closedor fully open position.
Utilizing this one piece plunger design, valve assembly 10 has morerigidity when opening/closing the valve. This one piece plunger designis milled out of HDPE but is not limited to this material.
Other typical valves on the market have a separate female threadedplunger with a male threaded bonnet. In contrast, the valve assembly 10utilizes a male threaded plunger and a female threaded bonnet.
The valve assembly 10 also utilizes a different style of sealing designin the throat as compared to a typical gate valve. Thus, typical gatevalves seal using planar surfaces of the plunger against a complimentaryshaped lip inside the valve body; this typically results in obstructionof flow and build-up of debris. The valve assembly 10 described andillustrated herein utilizes a semi-hemispherical shaped plunger that isreceived in a complimentary shaped seat at the bottom of the housingbody; this ensures a solid seal around the plunger without obstructingflow. As shown in FIG. 8, the surface of the valve plunger that ispresented to fluid flow in the linear tubing 14 is always a curvedsurface.
The valve assembly 10 is manufactured out of HDPE material (excludinghandle 62 and the screws, pins used to attach the handle to the uppershaft 58). Because the entire valve is HDPE the valve may be fused intoplace permanently utilizing heat transfer welding techniques rather thanbolted, threaded, or glued into place as with other gate valves.
The bonnet 64 also acts as a back up seal to threads 72 should thethreads 72 wear and start to leak.
In one preferred embodiment, the housing body 12 utilizes a 2″ HDPESDR-9 molded Tee. This tee is then custom milled inside the throat toreceive the one piece threaded plunger.
The one piece threaded plunger rotates in a cylindrical motionthroughout the entire travel area of the valve; with typical gatevalves, the plunger does not travel in the horizontal direction, insteadit only travels vertically while the plunger shaft rotates horizontally.
With typical valves, if the plunger travels linearly the plunger onlycomes in contact with the seat of the valve body when the valve isclosed; if the plunger is a rotating plunger it is always in contactwith the seat. The sealing portions of valve assembly 10—specifically,sealing portion 70, only comes in contact with the valve seat 24 whenthe valve is in the closed position, even though sealing portion 70 ofcourse rotates axially as the handle 62 is rotated.
It will be appreciated that all of the components of the plungerassembly 50, and the assembly itself, may be replaced in the field ifthe unit is damaged or leaking. In addition to the embodiments describedabove that illustrate the invention, those of skill in the art willappreciate that various substitutions and alterations may be madewithout departing from the scope of the invention. As a first example,the shape of the distal end 114 of the plunger body 52, and thecorresponding cooperative shape of the valve seat 24 may be varied. Theshape shown in the drawings is described as being semi-hemispherical ingeometry. The end 114 could just as well be a complete hemisphere, inwhich case the valve seat 24 would be cooperatively shaped as ahemisphere. As a second example, the bonnet 64 described above threadsonto the external threads 20 of the plunger assembly tube 16. The bonnetcould just as well have external threads that thread into internalthreads in the tube 16.
While the present invention has been described in terms of preferred andillustrated embodiments, it will be appreciated by those of ordinaryskill that the spirit and scope of the invention is not limited to thoseembodiments, but extend to the various modifications and equivalents asdefined in the appended claims.
1. A valve, comprising: a valve plunger having a distal end comprising asealing portion, a handle at a proximal end and a threaded portionbetween the distal and proximal ends; a valve body having a tubularlinear extension and a plunger assembly tube transverse to the linearextension, said plunger tube assembly having internal threads; wherein,the threaded portion of the valve plunger is threaded into the internalthreads of the plunger assembly tube to define a fluid-tight sealbetween the valve plunger and the valve body so that fluid in thetubular linear extension is prevented from escaping from the tubularlinear extension.
2. The valve according to claim 1 in which the valveplunger is movable between an open position in which a fluid flowpathway is defined through the tubular linear extension and a closedposition in which the valve plunger closes the fluid pathway through thetubular linear extension.
3. The valve according to claim 2 in which thesealing portion of the valve plunger includes a body portion having asubstantially cylindrical cross sectional configuration and wherein acooperatively shaped valve seat is defined in the tubular linearextension for receiving the sealing portion of the valve plunger in theclosed position to define a fluid-tight seal between the valve plungerand the tubular linear extension.
4. The valve according to claim 3 inwhich the sealing portion of the valve plunger further comprises aflattened distal end portion and a circumferential radiused wall portionbetween said flattened distal end portion and said body portion having asubstantially cylindrical cross sectional configuration.
5. The valveaccording to claim 1 in which the plunger assembly tube has externalthreads and including a valve bonnet threaded onto the external threads,said bonnet having an opening through which a shaft of the valve plungerextends.
6. The gate valve according to claim 5 where when the valveplunger is in the open position the threaded of the valve plunger isalways threaded into the internal threads of the plunger assembly tubeto define a first fluid-tight seal between the valve plunger and thevalve, and including a second fluid-tight seal between the valve plungerand the valve body.
7. The valve according to claim 6 wherein the secondfluid-tight seal between the valve plunger and the valve body is definedby the bonnet, a first O-ring compressed between the bonnet and thevalve body, and a second O-ring retained in the bonnet and compressedagainst the shaft of the plunger.
8. The valve according to claim 5wherein the bonnet prevents removal of the valve plunger from the valvebody.
9. The valve according to claim 1 fabricated entirely of HDPE. 10.A valve, comprising: a one-piece valve plunger shaft having a sealingelement at a distal end of said shaft, a handle at a proximal end ofsaid shaft and a threaded portion between the distal and proximal ends;a valve body having an internally threaded plunger assembly tube forreceiving the valve plunger and a fluid pathway tube extendingtransverse to the plunger assembly tube, said plunger assembly tubeopening into said fluid pathway tube; wherein, the threaded portion ofthe valve plunger is threaded into the internal threads of the plungerassembly tube and thereby defines a fluid-tight seal between the valveplunger and the valve body, and the valve plunger is rotatably movablebetween an open position in which the fluid pathway tube is open and aclosed position in which the fluid pathway tube is closed.
11. The valveaccording to claim 10 in which the threaded portion of the valve plungerseals against the internal threads of the plunger assembly tube when theplunger is in both the open and closed positions.
12. The valveaccording to claim 11 wherein a distal end of the valve plunger definesa sealing portion and wherein the fluid pathway tube further defines avalve seat, the sealing portion of the valve plunger having acomplimentary shape to the valve seat so that when the valve plunger isin the closed position the sealing portion defines a fluid-tight closureof the fluid pathway tube.
13. A valve, comprising: a T-shaped valvebody comprising a linear section and a plunger tube section extendingtransverse to the linear section and opening into the linear section; avalve plunger means for creating and maintaining a fluid-tight seal inthe plunger tube section, said valve plunger means movable in theplunger tube section for opening and closing a fluid flow path throughthe linear section.
14. The valve according to claim 13 wherein thevalve plunger means is movable between a first position in which thefluid flow path is open and a second position in which the fluid flowpath is closed, and wherein the valve plunger means maintains thefluid-tight seal in the plunger tube section when the valve plungermeans is in both the first and second positions.
15. The valve accordingto claim 14 wherein the valve plunger means further comprises anelongate shaft having a distal end comprising a sealing portion that isoperable to open and close the fluid flow path, a handle at a proximalend and a threaded portion between the distal and proximal ends.
16. Thevalve according to claim 15 wherein the plunger tube section includesinternal threads and the threaded portion of the elongate shaft threadsinto the internal threads of the plunger tube section.
17. The valveaccording to claim 16 further comprising valve seat means in the linearsection, said valve seat means having a configuration complimentary tothe configuration of the sealing portion of the valve plunger means sothat when said valve plunger the second position said sealing portion isreceived in said valve seat means to close the flow path.
18. The valveaccording to claim 17 in which the valve plunger means is rotatablymovable between the first and second positions and wherein the distalend of said elongate shaft is rotatable in said valve seat means. 19.The valve according to claim 19 wherein said valve plunger means isfabricated in one piece.
20. The valve according to claim 19 whereinsaid valve plunger means is fabricated from HDPE..
| 26,635 |
https://openalex.org/W2104769430 | OpenAlex | Open Science | CC-By | 2,009 | Management of gastro-bronchial fistula complicating a subtotal esophagectomy: a case report | James D. Martin-Smith | English | Spoken | 2,326 | 4,100 | Background g
The development of a fistula between the tracheobron-
chial tree and the gastric conduit post esophagectomy is a
rare and often fatal complication. Most fistulae occur
from direct communication between a dehisced anasto-
mosis and adjacent bronchus. Anastomotic leaks are
responsible for approximately 40% of post-esophagec-
tomy deaths [1]. Clinically apparent thoracic anastomotic
leaks and fistulae are associated with a high rate of mor- BioMed Central BioMed Central Case report Address: 1Department of Clinical Surgery, St James's Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland and 2Department of Respiratory
Medicine, St James's Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland Email: James D Martin-Smith - [email protected]; John O Larkin* - [email protected]; Finbar O'Connell - [email protected];
Narayanasamy Ravi - [email protected]; John Vincent Reynolds - [email protected] * Corresponding author Received: 6 October 2009
Accepted: 24 December 2009 BMC Surgery 2009, 9:20
doi:10.1186/1471-2482-9-20
This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2482/9/20 This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2482/9/20 This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com
© 2009 Martin-Smith et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. © 2009 Martin-Smith et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. © 2009 Martin-Smith et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0),
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ticle distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2. d use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creative
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cit Abstract Background: The development of a fistula between the tracheobronchial tree and the gastric
conduit post esophagectomy is a rare and often fatal complication. Case presentation: A 68 year old man underwent radical esophagectomy for esophageal
adenocarcinoma. On postoperative day 14 the nasogastric drainage bag dramatically filled with air,
without deterioration in respiratory function or progressive sepsis. A fiberoptic bronchoscopy was
performed which demonstrated a gastro-bronchial fistula in the posterior aspect of the left main
bronchus. He was managed conservatively with antibiotics, enteral nutrition via jejunostomy, and
non-invasive respiratory support. A follow- up bronchoscopy 60 days after the diagnostic
bronchoscopy, confirmed spontaneous closure of the fistula Conclusions: This is the first such case where a conservative approach with no surgery or
endoprosthesis resulted in a successful outcome, with fistula closure confirmed at subsequent
bronchoscopy. Our experience would suggest that in very carefully selected cases where
bronchopulmonary contamination from the fistula is minimal or absent, there is no associated
inflammation of the tracheobronchial tree and the patient is stable from a respiratory point of view
without evidence of sepsis, there may be a role for a trial of conservative management. tality despite advances in critical care and endoprostheses
[2]. We present herein a particularly rare case, a fistula
from the left main bronchus into a cervical esophagogas-
tric anastomosis, and discuss the presentation and the
approach to successful conservative management. Open
Case report
Management of gastro-bronchial fistula complicating a subtotal
esophagectomy: a case report
James D Martin-Smith1, John O Larkin*1, Finbar O'Connell2,
Narayanasamy Ravi1 and John Vincent Reynolds1 Open Access Open Access Case Presentation A 68 year old man presented with a five month history of
progressive dysphagia and weight loss of 5 kg. An adeno- Page 1 of 3
(page number not for citation purposes) Page 1 of 3
(page number not for citation purposes) BMC Surgery 2009, 9:20 BMC Surgery 2009, 9:20 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2482/9/20 CT thorax showing the mediastinal collection of air with a
single, long fistulous communication between the esoph-
agogastric anastomosis located the neck (A) and the left main
bronchus (B)
Figure 2
CT thorax showing the mediastinal collection of air
with a single, long fistulous communication between
the esophagogastric anastomosis located the neck
(A) and the left main bronchus (B). carcinoma arising in Barrett's epithelium in the lower
third of the esophagus was diagnosed, and staging includ-
ing CT-PET and endoscopic ultrasound suggested clinical
T3N1 M0 staging. He was treated with a standard regimen
of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy prior to esophagec-
tomy [3]. At surgery, extensive fibrosis was evident, and an
en-bloc resection was performed including thoracic duct,
part of pericardium, and mediastinal lymph node dissec-
tion including complete clearance of the sub-carinal
nodes, and a cervical hand-sewn anastomosis was fash-
ioned. Pathology revealed a ypT3N1 tumor, with clear
margins, and 7 of 30 glands involved by tumor. CT thorax showing the mediastinal collection of air with a
single, long fistulous communication between the esoph-
agogastric anastomosis located the neck (A) and the left main
bronchus (B)
Figure 2
CT thorax showing the mediastinal collection of air
with a single, long fistulous communication between
the esophagogastric anastomosis located the neck
(A) and the left main bronchus (B). CT thorax showing the mediastinal collection of air with a
single, long fistulous communication between the esoph-
agogastric anastomosis located the neck (A) and the left main
bronchus (B)
Figure 2
CT thorax showing the mediastinal collection of air
with a single, long fistulous communication between
the esophagogastric anastomosis located the neck
(A) and the left main bronchus (B). On day four postoperatively he had a neutrophil leucocy-
tosis of 15 × 109/L and evidence of left basal consolida-
tion. This persisted despite antibiotics, and a CT of thorax
demonstrated no other abnormalities. He was managed
on the ward, and his FiO2 varied from 0.4 to 0.6. Aspira-
tion pneumonia was considered possible, and his
nasogastric tube was left in situ. His neck wound was dry
with no signs of inflammation or leakage. Case Presentation On day 14 the
nasogastric drainage bag dramatically filled with air, and
this persisted throughout the day and succeeding days,
but without deterioration in respiratory function or evi-
dence of progressive sepsis. A fiberoptic bronchoscopy
was performed on day 16 which demonstrated bubbling
at a gastro-bronchial fistula in the posterior aspect of the
left main bronchus (Fig. 1). An endoscopy revealed a
healthy gastric tube but a tiny area of granulation tissue in
the anterior portion of the anastomosis, the assumed site
of fistula communication. A CT scan of the thorax demon-
strated air in the mediastinum and the gastric conduit
(Fig. 2) nastogastric bag persisted for a further 9 days. When it
subsided, he was introduced to oral diet and progressed
well and was discharged. A follow- up bronchoscopy 60
days after the diagnostic bronchoscopy, confirmed spon-
taneous closure of the fistula (Fig. 3). Conclusions
h d
l The development of a fistula between the gastric tube and
the tracheobronchial tree represents a very rare but poten-
tially catastrophic complication after esophagogastros-
tomy for esophageal carcinoma. The commonest cause is
a leak from the esophagogastric intrathoracic anastomosis
with subsequent mediastinal abscess and rupture into the
posterior wall of the tracheobronchial tree. Anastomotic
leaks are responsible for approximately 40% of post-
esophagectomy deaths [1]. Clinically apparent thoracic
anastomotic leaks and fistulae are associated with a high
rate of mortality despite advances in critical care and
endoprostheses [2]. He was managed conservatively with antibiotics, enteral
nutrition via a jejunostomy, and non-invasive respiratory
support in the form of humidified oxygen via face mask
and chest physiotherapy. The huge amounts of air in the Most anastomotic leaks result from gastric ischemia, but
this does not appear to have been the problem with our Bronchoscopic appearance (day 16 post-op) of a fistulous
opening in the posterior aspect of the left main bronchus,
communicating with esophagogastric anastomosis
Figure 1
Bronchoscopic appearance (day 16 post-op) of a fis-
tulous opening in the posterior aspect of the left
main bronchus, communicating with esophagogas-
tric anastomosis. Page 2 of 3
(page number not for citation purposes)
Bronchoscopic appearance (day 16 post-op) of a fistulous
opening in the posterior aspect of the left main bronchus,
communicating with esophagogastric anastomosis
Figure 1
Bronchoscopic appearance (day 16 post-op) of a fis-
tulous opening in the posterior aspect of the left
main bronchus, communicating with esophagogas-
tric anastomosis. Follow-up bronchoscopic evaluation 60 days after the prior
examination shows closure of the fistulous opening
Figure 3
Follow-up bronchoscopic evaluation 60 days after the
prior examination shows closure of the fistulous
opening. Follow-up bronchoscopic evaluation 60 days after the prior
examination shows closure of the fistulous opening
Figure 3
Follow-up bronchoscopic evaluation 60 days after the
prior examination shows closure of the fistulous
opening. p
pp
(
y
p
p)
p
g
p
p
g
p
g g
g
Bronchoscopic appearance (day 16 post-op) of a fis-
tulous opening in the posterior aspect of the left
main bronchus, communicating with esophagogas-
tric anastomosis. Page 2 of 3
(page number not for citation purposes) BMC Surgery 2009, 9:20 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2482/9/20 with no surgery or endoprosthesis resulted in a successful
outcome. patient. References 1. Alanezi K, Urschel JD: Mortality secondary to esophageal anas-
tomotic leaks. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc 2004, 10:71-75. 1. Alanezi K, Urschel JD: Mortality secondary to esophageal anas-
tomotic leaks. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc 2004, 10:71-75. 2. Junemann-Ramirez M, Awan MY, Khan ZM, Rahamim JS: Anasto-
motic leakage post-esophagogastrectomy for esophageal
carcinoma: retrospective analysis of predictive factors, man-
agement and influence on long-term survival in a high vol-
ume centre. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2005, 27:3-7. J
g
,
3. Reynolds JV, Muldoon C, Hollywood D, Ravi N, Rowley S, O'Byrne K,
Kennedy J, Murphy TJ: Long-term outcomes following neoadju-
vant chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer. Ann Surg
2007, 245:707-16. 4. Buskens C, Hulscher J, Fockens P, Obertop H, Van Lanschot J:
Benign tracheo-neo-esophageal fistulas after subtotal
esophagectomy. Ann Thorac Surg 2001, 72:221-4. p
g
y
g
5. Devbhandari M, Jain R, Galloway S, Ktysiak P: Benign gastro-bron-
chial fistula--an uncommon complication of esophagectomy:
case report. BMC Surg 2005, 5:16. p
g
,
6. Brega Massone PP, Infante M, Valente M, Conti B, Carboni U, Cataldo
I: Gastrobronchial fistula repair followed by esophageal leak
- rescue by transesophageal drainage of the pleural cavity. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2002, 50:113-116. To our knowledge, this is the first report of successful con-
servative management of a gastro-bronchial fistula com-
plicating a subtotal esophagectomy. Our experience
would suggest that in very carefully selected cases where
bronchopulmonary contamination from the fistula is
minimal or absent, there is no associated inflammation of
the tracheobronchial tree and the patient is stable from a
respiratory point of view without evidence of sepsis, there
may be a role for a trial of conservative management. g
7. Bona D, Sarli D, Saino G, Quarenghi M, Bonavina L: Successful con-
servative management of benign gastro-bronchial fistula
after intrathoracic esophagogastrostomy. Ann Thorac Surg
2007, 84:1036-8. 8. 8. Hünerbein M, Stroszczynski C, Moesta KT, Schlag PM: Treatment
of thoracic anastomotic leaks after esophagectomy with self-
expanding plastic stents. Ann Surg 2004, 240:801-7. Conclusions
h d
l Potential mechanisms in this particular case
include the rendering vulnerable or ischemic of the tra-
cheobronchial tissue by neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy,
combined with sharp dissection to radically remove all
sub-carinal nodal tissue, with consequent injury and
delayed rupture. This is the first case to our knowledge to
present in this fashion, where the primary source appears
to be the bronchus with the secondary consequence at the
anastomotic site. Generally, gastro-bronchial fistulae may
present in the early postoperative period or relatively late
in the follow-up, with management strategy influenced by
the site and size of the fistula, the underlying cause, and
the clinical presentation [4,5]. It has previously been pos-
tulated that untreated gastro-bronchial fistula is usually
fatal due to chronic pulmonary sepsis and that conserva-
tive treatment is inadvisable [6]. However, surgery is
fraught with high morbidity in these patients. Consent Written informed consent was obtained from the patient
for publication of this case report and any accompanying
images. A copy of the written consent is available for
review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors' contributions JMS was involved in the postoperative clinical manage-
ment and drafted the manuscript; JL was involved in the
postoperative clinical management and drafted the man-
uscript; FOC provided postoperative respiratory consulta-
tion and performed the bronchoscopies; NR performed
the surgery and oversaw the writing of the manuscript;
JVR performed the surgery, oversaw patient management
and edited the manuscript. All authors read and approved
the final manuscript. The commonest mode of presentation is cough after swal-
lowing, dyspnea, fever and recurrent pneumonia [7]. These are non-specific symptoms in the post-esophagec-
tomy period. In this case, the dramatic presentation of a
naso-gastric bag filling every two hours with air made the
diagnosis clinically obvious, and bronchoscopy estab-
lished the source. Stenting of the bronchus was consid-
ered, but the site of fistulation did not lend itself easily to
an endo-bronchial prosthesis. Endoscopy of the anasto-
mosis and stomach helped to establish that the stomach
was healthy, and predict that this would heal as long as
the bronchial leak settled. Self-expanding esophageal
endo-prostheses have been used successfully in patients
with anastomotic leaks after esophageal surgery [8], usu-
ally intra-thoracic leaks. Stent migration has been
reported in as many as 37.5% of patients. In this case, the
high anastomosis, 3 cm below the cricopharyngeus, and a
normal diameter nonstenotic anastomosis were consid-
ered to predict a high risk of stent failure so stenting was
not seriously entertained. Pre-publication history The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed
here: The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed
here: In conclusion, this is the first experience of this high-vol-
ume center with such a complication, and to our knowl-
edge the first such case reported. The case highlights how
a fistula that is unlikely to have been caused by contami-
nation will resolve itself, and that a conservative approach http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2482/9/20/prepub http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2482/9/20/prepub Page 3 of 3
(page number not for citation purposes) (page number not for citation purposes) | 35,515 |
https://github.com/Jannyboy11/F2P-StarHunt/blob/master/Web-Server/src/main/java/com/janboerman/f2pstarassist/web/StarServer.java | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | null | F2P-StarHunt | Jannyboy11 | Java | Code | 140 | 553 | package com.janboerman.f2pstarassist.web;
import org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpConfiguration;
import org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpConnectionFactory;
import org.eclipse.jetty.server.SecureRequestCustomizer;
import org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server;
import org.eclipse.jetty.server.ServerConnector;
import org.eclipse.jetty.server.SslConnectionFactory;
import org.eclipse.jetty.util.ssl.SslContextFactory;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
public class StarServer {
private final Configuration config;
private final Logger logger;
public StarServer(Configuration config, Logger logger) {
this.config = config;
this.logger = logger;
}
public void start() throws Exception {
final Server server = new Server();
final ServerConnector serverConnector;
final int port = config.port();
final boolean ssl = config.ssl();
if (ssl) {
HttpConfiguration https = new HttpConfiguration();
https.addCustomizer(new SecureRequestCustomizer());
SslContextFactory.Server sslContextFactory = new SslContextFactory.Server();
sslContextFactory.setKeyStorePath(config.keyStore().toString());
sslContextFactory.setKeyStorePassword(config.keyStorePassword());
sslContextFactory.setKeyManagerPassword(config.keyStorePassword());
SslConnectionFactory sslConnectionFactory = new SslConnectionFactory(sslContextFactory, "http/1.1");
serverConnector = new ServerConnector(server, sslConnectionFactory, new HttpConnectionFactory(https));
} else {
serverConnector = new ServerConnector(server);
}
serverConnector.setPort(port);
server.setConnectors(new ServerConnector[] {serverConnector});
final StarDatabase starDatabase = new StarDatabase(NoOpStarListener.INSTANCE);
server.setHandler(new StarHandler(starDatabase, logger));
logger.info("Started StarServer on port " + port + "!" + (ssl ? " (SSL-enabled)" : ""));
server.start();
server.join();
}
}
| 21,855 |
https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctosa%20poecila | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Arctosa poecila | https://ceb.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arctosa poecila&action=history | Cebuano | Spoken | 53 | 98 | Kaliwatan sa kaka ang Arctosa poecila. Una ning gihulagway ni Lodovico di Caporiacco ni adtong 1939. Ang Arctosa poecila sakop sa kahenera nga Arctosa, ug kabanay nga Lycosidae.
Kini nga matang hayop na sabwag sa:
Etyopiya
Walay nalista nga matang nga sama niini.
Ang mga gi basihan niini
Kaka
Kaka sa Etyopiya
Arctosa | 41,679 |
https://github.com/geneontology/noctua-models/blob/master/models/SYNGO_2405.ttl | Github Open Source | Open Source | CC-BY-4.0 | 2,021 | noctua-models | geneontology | Turtle | Code | 680 | 9,211 |
<http://model.geneontology.org/SYNGO_2405> a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Ontology> .
<http://geneontology.org/lego/evidence> a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty> .
<http://geneontology.org/lego/hint/layout/x> a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty> .
<http://geneontology.org/lego/hint/layout/y> a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty> .
<http://geneontology.org/lego/modelstate> a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty> .
<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003674> a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class> .
<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002333> a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty> .
<http://purl.org/pav/providedBy> a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty> .
<https://w3id.org/biolink/vocab/in_taxon> a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty> .
<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050> a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty> .
<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000066> a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty> .
<http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasDbXref> a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty> .
<http://geneontology.org/lego/canonical_record> a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty> .
<http://geneontology.org/lego/iuphar_id> a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty> .
<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098978> a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class> .
<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000115> a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty> .
<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002421> a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class> .
<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ECO_0001225> a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class> .
<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098685> a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class> .
<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050804> a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class> .
<http://identifiers.org/mgi/MGI:2159341> a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class> .
<http://model.geneontology.org/SYNGO_2405> <http://geneontology.org/lego/modelstate> "production"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
<http://purl.org/pav/providedBy> "https://syngo.vu.nl"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
<https://w3id.org/biolink/vocab/in_taxon> <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10090> ;
a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Ontology> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment> """Rationale: Basal synaptic transmission was significantly reduced at MPP-DG synapses of netrin-G2-KO mice.
MPP-DG synapses of netrin-G2-KO mice showed significantly increased PPR at all interstimulus intervals.
PTP at the SC-CA1 synapses was facilitated in netrin-G2-KO.
LTP induced by TBuS (an LTP-stimulation protocol) at SC-CA1 synapses was increased in netrin-G2-KO mice.. Experimental description: Materials and Methods
Electrophysiology.
Mice were deeply anesthetized with halothane (Takeda) and killed by decapitation."""^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title> "Ntng2_BP_2405"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/contributor> "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5518-6584"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date> "2018-02-07"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<http://model.geneontology.org/SYNGO_240509282881-234b-4c27-bec7-01606addae2b> <http://purl.org/pav/providedBy> "https://syngo.vu.nl"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual> , <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098685> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/contributor> "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5518-6584"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date> "2018-07-11"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<http://model.geneontology.org/SYNGO_240530302dd7-205e-4b55-9bd3-c46ba7f5e4a0> <http://purl.org/pav/providedBy> "https://syngo.vu.nl"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual> , <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ECO_0001225> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/contributor> "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5518-6584"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date> "2018-07-11"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/source> "PMID:25411505"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<http://model.geneontology.org/SYNGO_240541e202dd-ad1c-49f4-81e9-d4bc0bef932b> <http://purl.org/pav/providedBy> "https://syngo.vu.nl"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual> , <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ECO_0001225> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/contributor> "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5518-6584"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date> "2018-07-11"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/source> "PMID:25411505"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<http://model.geneontology.org/SYNGO_240552faf0a8-055b-4fa5-b460-86236d4d4ca8> <http://purl.org/pav/providedBy> "https://syngo.vu.nl"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual> , <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ECO_0001225> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/contributor> "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5518-6584"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date> "2018-07-11"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/source> "PMID:25411505"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<http://model.geneontology.org/SYNGO_2405663629c2-b91a-45a0-876d-f6c42572ff62> <http://purl.org/pav/providedBy> "https://syngo.vu.nl"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual> , <http://identifiers.org/mgi/MGI:2159341> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/contributor> "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5518-6584"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date> "2018-07-11"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<http://model.geneontology.org/SYNGO_24057912c103-7e10-4e48-a362-898ba67cf47a> <http://purl.org/pav/providedBy> "https://syngo.vu.nl"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual> , <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ECO_0001225> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/contributor> "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5518-6584"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date> "2018-07-11"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/source> "PMID:25411505"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<http://model.geneontology.org/SYNGO_240585f2cdd4-cb80-4bb3-a110-73696dff86cc> <http://purl.org/pav/providedBy> "https://syngo.vu.nl"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual> , <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ECO_0001225> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/contributor> "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5518-6584"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date> "2018-07-11"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/source> "PMID:25411505"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<http://model.geneontology.org/SYNGO_240592d98474-d25c-437d-9add-0dc70c262420> <http://purl.org/pav/providedBy> "https://syngo.vu.nl"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000066> <http://model.geneontology.org/SYNGO_2405a9a8a170-e9cd-4da8-8916-3642dc68af60> ;
a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual> , <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050804> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/contributor> "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5518-6584"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date> "2018-07-11"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<http://model.geneontology.org/SYNGO_2405a2c48a79-11a5-47de-ab2b-fb427bbb60e7> <http://purl.org/pav/providedBy> "https://syngo.vu.nl"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000066> <http://model.geneontology.org/SYNGO_240509282881-234b-4c27-bec7-01606addae2b> ;
a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual> , <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050804> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/contributor> "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5518-6584"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date> "2018-07-11"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<http://model.geneontology.org/SYNGO_2405a9a8a170-e9cd-4da8-8916-3642dc68af60> <http://purl.org/pav/providedBy> "https://syngo.vu.nl"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050> <http://model.geneontology.org/SYNGO_2405ac515982-938f-4a8b-967b-0c3bc0dec120> ;
a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual> , <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098978> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/contributor> "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5518-6584"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date> "2018-07-11"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<http://model.geneontology.org/SYNGO_2405ac515982-938f-4a8b-967b-0c3bc0dec120> <http://purl.org/pav/providedBy> "https://syngo.vu.nl"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual> , <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002421> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/contributor> "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5518-6584"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date> "2018-07-11"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<http://model.geneontology.org/SYNGO_2405ad4cc634-aa22-4b3a-b131-1e274a78ab5f> <http://purl.org/pav/providedBy> "https://syngo.vu.nl"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual> , <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ECO_0001225> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/contributor> "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5518-6584"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date> "2018-07-11"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/source> "PMID:25411505"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<http://model.geneontology.org/SYNGO_2405dc353ae5-d89e-417e-a446-081b1ae477af> <http://purl.org/pav/providedBy> "https://syngo.vu.nl"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual> , <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ECO_0001225> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/contributor> "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5518-6584"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date> "2018-07-11"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/source> "PMID:25411505"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<http://model.geneontology.org/SYNGO_2405ea4258a2-3a9e-4e93-9e49-1cd9fd305804> <http://purl.org/pav/providedBy> "https://syngo.vu.nl"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual> , <http://identifiers.org/mgi/MGI:2159341> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/contributor> "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5518-6584"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date> "2018-07-11"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<http://model.geneontology.org/SYNGO_2405f371f9f6-a20d-44e4-97cd-7f161549022a> <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002333> <http://model.geneontology.org/SYNGO_2405ea4258a2-3a9e-4e93-9e49-1cd9fd305804> ;
<http://purl.org/pav/providedBy> "https://syngo.vu.nl"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050> <http://model.geneontology.org/SYNGO_2405a2c48a79-11a5-47de-ab2b-fb427bbb60e7> ;
a <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003674> , <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/contributor> "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5518-6584"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date> "2018-07-11"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<http://model.geneontology.org/SYNGO_2405fc580250-89f8-48dc-8d11-d9b4b643b8d2> <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002333> <http://model.geneontology.org/SYNGO_2405663629c2-b91a-45a0-876d-f6c42572ff62> ;
<http://purl.org/pav/providedBy> "https://syngo.vu.nl"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050> <http://model.geneontology.org/SYNGO_240592d98474-d25c-437d-9add-0dc70c262420> ;
a <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003674> , <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/contributor> "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5518-6584"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date> "2018-07-11"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment> a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty> .
<http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label> a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty> .
<http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso> a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty> .
<http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo> a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty> .
<http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel> a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty> .
<http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#exactMatch> a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty> .
<http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#note> a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty> .
<http://purl.org/dc/terms/title> a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty> .
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title> a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty> .
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/contributor> a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty> .
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date> a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty> .
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/source> a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty> .
_:t682892 <http://geneontology.org/lego/evidence> <http://model.geneontology.org/SYNGO_24057912c103-7e10-4e48-a362-898ba67cf47a> ;
<http://purl.org/pav/providedBy> "https://syngo.vu.nl"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#annotatedProperty> <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#annotatedSource> <http://model.geneontology.org/SYNGO_2405fc580250-89f8-48dc-8d11-d9b4b643b8d2> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#annotatedTarget> <http://model.geneontology.org/SYNGO_240592d98474-d25c-437d-9add-0dc70c262420> ;
a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Axiom> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/contributor> "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5518-6584"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date> "2018-07-11"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
_:t682893 <http://geneontology.org/lego/evidence> <http://model.geneontology.org/SYNGO_240552faf0a8-055b-4fa5-b460-86236d4d4ca8> ;
<http://purl.org/pav/providedBy> "https://syngo.vu.nl"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#annotatedProperty> <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#annotatedSource> <http://model.geneontology.org/SYNGO_2405f371f9f6-a20d-44e4-97cd-7f161549022a> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#annotatedTarget> <http://model.geneontology.org/SYNGO_2405a2c48a79-11a5-47de-ab2b-fb427bbb60e7> ;
a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Axiom> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/contributor> "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5518-6584"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date> "2018-07-11"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
_:t682894 <http://geneontology.org/lego/evidence> <http://model.geneontology.org/SYNGO_240530302dd7-205e-4b55-9bd3-c46ba7f5e4a0> ;
<http://purl.org/pav/providedBy> "https://syngo.vu.nl"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#annotatedProperty> <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000066> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#annotatedSource> <http://model.geneontology.org/SYNGO_240592d98474-d25c-437d-9add-0dc70c262420> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#annotatedTarget> <http://model.geneontology.org/SYNGO_2405a9a8a170-e9cd-4da8-8916-3642dc68af60> ;
a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Axiom> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/contributor> "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5518-6584"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date> "2018-07-11"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
_:t682895 <http://geneontology.org/lego/evidence> <http://model.geneontology.org/SYNGO_240585f2cdd4-cb80-4bb3-a110-73696dff86cc> ;
<http://purl.org/pav/providedBy> "https://syngo.vu.nl"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#annotatedProperty> <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002333> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#annotatedSource> <http://model.geneontology.org/SYNGO_2405f371f9f6-a20d-44e4-97cd-7f161549022a> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#annotatedTarget> <http://model.geneontology.org/SYNGO_2405ea4258a2-3a9e-4e93-9e49-1cd9fd305804> ;
a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Axiom> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/contributor> "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5518-6584"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date> "2018-07-11"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
_:t682896 <http://geneontology.org/lego/evidence> <http://model.geneontology.org/SYNGO_240541e202dd-ad1c-49f4-81e9-d4bc0bef932b> ;
<http://purl.org/pav/providedBy> "https://syngo.vu.nl"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#annotatedProperty> <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002333> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#annotatedSource> <http://model.geneontology.org/SYNGO_2405fc580250-89f8-48dc-8d11-d9b4b643b8d2> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#annotatedTarget> <http://model.geneontology.org/SYNGO_2405663629c2-b91a-45a0-876d-f6c42572ff62> ;
a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Axiom> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/contributor> "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5518-6584"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date> "2018-07-11"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
_:t682897 <http://geneontology.org/lego/evidence> <http://model.geneontology.org/SYNGO_2405ad4cc634-aa22-4b3a-b131-1e274a78ab5f> ;
<http://purl.org/pav/providedBy> "https://syngo.vu.nl"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#annotatedProperty> <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000066> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#annotatedSource> <http://model.geneontology.org/SYNGO_2405a2c48a79-11a5-47de-ab2b-fb427bbb60e7> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#annotatedTarget> <http://model.geneontology.org/SYNGO_240509282881-234b-4c27-bec7-01606addae2b> ;
a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Axiom> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/contributor> "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5518-6584"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date> "2018-07-11"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
_:t682898 <http://geneontology.org/lego/evidence> <http://model.geneontology.org/SYNGO_2405dc353ae5-d89e-417e-a446-081b1ae477af> ;
<http://purl.org/pav/providedBy> "https://syngo.vu.nl"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#annotatedProperty> <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#annotatedSource> <http://model.geneontology.org/SYNGO_2405a9a8a170-e9cd-4da8-8916-3642dc68af60> ;
<http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#annotatedTarget> <http://model.geneontology.org/SYNGO_2405ac515982-938f-4a8b-967b-0c3bc0dec120> ;
a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Axiom> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/contributor> "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5518-6584"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date> "2018-07-11"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
| 38,169 |
https://github.com/Acidburn0zzz/s6-networking/blob/master/src/sbearssl/sbearssl_skey_from.c | Github Open Source | Open Source | 0BSD | 2,021 | s6-networking | Acidburn0zzz | C | Code | 64 | 226 | /* ISC license. */
#include <errno.h>
#include <bearssl.h>
#include <s6-networking/sbearssl.h>
int sbearssl_skey_from (sbearssl_skey *l, br_skey const *k, stralloc *sa)
{
switch (k->type)
{
case BR_KEYTYPE_RSA :
if (!sbearssl_rsa_skey_from(&l->data.rsa, &k->data.rsa, sa)) return 0 ;
break ;
case BR_KEYTYPE_EC :
if (!sbearssl_ec_skey_from(&l->data.ec, &k->data.ec, sa)) return 0 ;
break ;
default :
return (errno = EINVAL, 0) ;
}
l->type = k->type ;
return 1 ;
}
| 39,851 |
bpt6k3208107s_1 | French-PD-Newspapers | Open Culture | Public Domain | 1,969 | Sport et plein air : organe bi-mensuel d'information de la Fédération sportive et gymnique du travail | None | French | Spoken | 8,065 | 13,213 | REVUE MENSUELLE DE LA F.S.G.T. N 116 — JANVIER 1969 — PRIX : 1,25 F LES DOSSIERS DE LA PRATIQUE EDUCATIVE ET DE MASSE ôportô cikiv&r ajusteur ? U a-1-en quand en aux ni i A propos du budget On lira dans la colonne voisine, le communiqué que la F.S. G.T. a publié à propos des réductions de crédits sur le budget de la formation des cadres. A cette occasion, il nous semble utile de souligner le caractère rétrograde du budget 1969 du Secrétariat d’Etat à la Jeunesse et aux Sports. C'est le rapporteur du budget à l'Assemblée Nationale, M. Souchal qui disait : « ...je suis quelque peu déçu par la stagnation des dotations inscrites au budget de la Jeunesse et des Sports... ». De son côté, le rapporteur au titre de la commisison des Affaires culturelles, M. Bernard Flornoy, précisait : « ...Le budget 1969 de la Jeunesse et des Sports représente 0,69 D /o du budget général de l’Etat, il en représentait 0,77 Vo en 1968 et 0,79 7o en 1967... ». Même son de cloche au Sénat où le premier rapporteur, M. René Monory déclare Nous vous demandons avec insistance, M. le Ministre, de mener le grand combat, au cours de l’année 1969 auprès de vos collègues pour obtenir une part beaucoup plus importante de crédits budgétaires... ». Et le second rapporteur, M. Jean Noury devait renchérir « ...Si nous avions à juger ce budget et à déterminer notre avis en fonction des crédits qui nous sont proposés, nous demanderions certainement au Sénat de rejeter ce budget, car il manifeste de la part du gouvernement dans son ensemble, une méconnaissance des problèmes de la jeunesse.. ». Mais ce... rideau de paroles n’a pas empêché les rapporteurs dans les deux Assemblées de voter ce budget avec la majorité. Mais voyons dans le détail. La masse globale du budget est de 1.045 millions, en augmentation de 8,3 "Vo sur 1968. Cette augmentation répond : — A l’augmentation des traitements qui fait suite aux accords de mai-juin. — Au gonflement des paiements en fin de plan d’équipement sportif (122 millions au lieu de 375 en 1968). Le déca lage s'accroît avec le budget de l'Education Nationale (+ 16 c /o) et le budget de la nation (+ 20 %>). Les investissements ne progressent pas : 426,7 millions au lieu de 427 en 1968. La priorité est accordée aux investissements d’Etat (+ 9,5 %), alors que diminuent de 3,2 °/o les subventions aux collectivités locales. Ceci ne peut qu'aggraver la situation des municipalités qui déjà étaient tenues de payer plus de 75 ’°/o du montant des constructions d’équipement sportif. C’est sur le problème du sport à l’école que la protestation a été la plus unanime. A l'Assemblée Nationale, M. Vendroux situait bien le problème : « ...Le sport doit commencer à l’école. Ce vaste problème pourrait et devrait même faire l’objet d’un grand débat tant son importance est capitale. Non pas la pratique obligatoire de ia gymnastique traditionnelle et dépassée dans les préaux d’école, car elle ennuie les maîtres et les élèves, et c’est précisément à cause de ces conceptions ridicules de la pratique de la « Gym » que, dès le début de leur scolarité les enfants risquent d’être à tout jamais dégoûtés du sport. Vos efforts, M. le Secrétaire d’Etat, doivent donc se porter sur cet impératif que personne ne conteste : faire entrer dans les mœurs que le sport doit, dès le début de la scolarité, entrer dans les programmes, au même titre que le calcul, l’orthographe et la géographie... ». Tous les orateurs dans les deux Assemblées ont émis la même opinion. Et pourtant, loin de répondre à ce besoin, le budget ne prévoit la création que de 190 postes d'enseignants (contre 1.180 en 1968). Au Sénat, c’est le rapporteur lui-même qui précisait à ce propos « ...Nous sommes loin d’atteindre l'objectif fixé par la commission au Plan, à savoir 10.000 postes pendant l’exécution du V 1 ' Plan. A ia fin de 1969, on comptera 3.620 postes nouveaux, ce qui ne représente même pas la moitié des prévisions initiales »... De même à l’Assemblée Nationale où le rapporteur posait la question « Avec les 190 postes supplémentaires qui nous sont offerts, que ferez-vous des 8.500 élèves qui suivent les cours des C.R.E. P.S. et des I.R.E.P.S. ? ». Ceci s’accompagne de l’insuffisance de crédits d’équipement, puisque les autorisations de programme sont en diminution de 0,07 Vo par rapport à 1968. Au Sénat, M. Léon Rogé déterminait les responsabilités : « ...C’est le pouvoir qui s’est révélé incapable de dégager les moyens en équipement, en enseignants et en organisation de programmes. Le communiqué de la F.S.G.T. Le Secrétariat d Etat à la Jeunesse et aux Sports vient d’aviser les Fédérations Sportives que leurs crédits de stage étaient réduits de 40 %. Cette décision « d’austérité » est d’autant plus douloureusement ressentie par les sportifs que la formation des cadres constitue un des secteurs-clés du développement du Sport français et de sa pratique de masse, dont la nécessité est constamment prônée dans les milieux gouvernementaux. En outre, le calendrier des stages avait été établi en accord avec les services concernés de la Direction des Sports. Les Fédérations vont ainsi être dans l’obligation, soit de sacrifier un certain nombre de stages, soit d’amputer leur propre budget pour pallier la carence de l’Etat. La F.S.G.T. s élève vigoureusement contre cette décision qui est en contradiction avec les paroles mêmes du Secrétaire d'Etat à la Jeunesse et aux Sports. Elle exprime en même temps son inquiétude de voir ce s mesures restrictives frapper l’ensemble du budget de la Jeunesse et des Sports, pourtant bien au-dessous des besoins, comme l’ont montré de façon éloquente les débats parlementaires lors de la discussion du budget. Elle appelle l’ensemble des sportifs et toutes les organisations concernées par le devenir de la jeunesse française à exprimer leur mécontentement et à agir pour que cette mesure soit immédiatement rapportée. Paris, le 10 janvier 1969. Les nouvelles conditions pour les stages techniques Les compressions des crédits des stages décidées par le Secrétaire d’Etat à la Jeunesse et aux Sports, ont modifié les conditions de participation aux stages techniques tant en ce qui concerne la prise en charge du séjour que le remboursement des voyages. SEJOUR : Prime alimentaire de 7 F par jour. TRANSPORT : Remboursement à 50 % des frais de voyage ( tarif S.N.C.F.) sur la distance minimum pour les stages sportifs, 50 % sur 500 km, pour les stages de spécialités (Ski, Voile, Plongée). Rappelons que tous les stages F.S.G.T. sont bénéficiaires de bourses loi-congés cadres jeunesse et sport. Les candidats assimilés au bénéfice de cette loi doivent déposer leur demande en même temps que leurs candidatures (voir « Sport et Plein Air» de novembre 1968). lein au 24, rue Yves-Toudic, PARIS (10 e ) Tél. : 205-43-60 ABONNEMENTS 1 an (11 numéros) 12 F 6 mois (6 numéros) .... 7 F C.C.P. Paris 5597-17 Publicité : Agence Centrale de Publicité 186, Quai de Valmy, Paris (10 e ) SOMMAIRE Notre couverture : le Stage « Maurice-Baquet » et les « Jeudis à la Neige » de Tarbes. Lu pour Vous 2 Vers le Congrès National.... 3 LA RUBRIQUE SPECIALISEE : Le Cross de « l’Humanité » est supprimé 4 Le Calendrier national 1969.. 5 Activités spécialisées 6-8 LA RUBRIQUE DU COMITE NATIONAL : R. Nopoléoni regagne le Midi 8 Vous avez lu dans « Sport et Plein Air » en 1968 9 Le Calendrier de la Direction Nationale 9 Le Comité du Nord et la formation des cadres 10 LE DOSSIER DE LA PRATIQUE DE MASSE : La F.S.G.T. pour une pratique éducative et de masse du Sport 11 L’orientation permanente de la F.S.G.T 12 Conceptions actuelles : quelques « points de repères » .. 13 La pratique éducative et de masse de 7 à 14 ans : comment ? 14-17 L’effort de l’étape actuelle.. 17 Premières réalisations de la F.S.G.T 18 LA RUBRIQUE DU C.P.S. : Enseignants de l’Education Physique et F.S.G.T. renforcent leur collaboration 19 Vers le Stage Maurice-Baquet 1969 20-21 L’activité internationale du C.P.S 22 « Sport et Développement Social au XX e Siècle » 22 UNE TABLE RONDE DE « SPORT ET PLEIN AIR » Va-t-on aux sports d’hiver quand on est ajusteur ? .... 23-26 Loisirs-Service 27 Vers le Congrès National par R. FIDANI, Secrétaire général de la F.S.G.T. L’année 1968 s’est déroulée sous le signe de la célébration du Soixantenaire du Sport Travailliste. Celle oui commence se place sous le signe du Congrès National de la F.S.G.T. (dont les assises auront lieu en février 1970. La préparation de ce Congrès DANS et par L’ACTION de tous les jours, constituera en 1969 une de nos préoccupations essentielles. Notre ACTION — prolongement de la lutte de toujours du sport travailliste — VISE A PROMOUVOIR LES CONDITIONS NECESSAIRES à la pratique de masse du sport, à la formation d’une ELITE sur la base de la promotion de tous, pour que le sport devienne réellement un FACTEUR D’EDUCATION, DE LOISIR et de PAIX répondant aux besoins et aux exigences de notre temps. Mais l’actualisation de cette possibilité requiert aujourd’hui la participation active de tous nos organismes de direction qui doit se traduire dans les clubs par l’organisation et le développement du sport sous toutes ses formes car le droit au sport pour tous s’accommode mal du seul processus sélectif, caractéristique de la pratique sportive d’aujourd’hui. Pour accomplir ce travail créateur, il nous faut agir et accomplir un certain nombre de tâches. Nous devons lutter, en premier lieu, pour la reconnaissance dans les faits du sport, fait social, et faire valoir la vocation du sport, élément de culture, d’initiation à la vie démocratique et de la société et, par conséquent, lutter contre les aspects déclinants et contraires au progrès de la culture ouvrière. Seulement cette bataille des idées pour porter tous ses fruits doit se situer sur le TERRAIN DES REALISATIONS, car si justes que soient les idées, c’est en définitive la pratique qui les confirme et leur donne toute leur portée. De ce fait, pour montrer que le possib'e est possible, que le possible est nécessaire, nos organismes doivent MULTIPLIER LES INITIATIVES dans tous les secteurs des activités et s’efforcer de résoudre concrètement les problèmes qui se posent. Cependant la réalisation de ces initiatives est liée à un effort de réorganisation de nos structures, à notre capacité à joindre nos efforts avec ceux des différentes composantes des mouvements démocratique, sportif et culturel, à notre lutte pour l’organisation des assises nationales du sport, au développement de la lutte revendicative pour obtenir les moyens de pratique pour le plus grand nombre, à la formation de nombreux cadres. Secteur spécialisé LE CALENDRIER NATIONAL 1969 EST SORTI 3Jflr LE CROSS DE « L'HUMANITE » EST SUPPRIME CETTE ANNEE Nous avons reçu du journal « l’Humanité » en date du 13 décembre, une lettre dont nous extrayons les passages suivants : « Nous vous avons précédemment dit que ce n’est pas sans avoir scrupuleusement mûri notre réflexion que nous sommes parvenus à cette position. Ces Cross dont vous assurez la parfaite organisation sont demeurés lontemps des épreuves importantes du calendrier du cross-country, tant en France que sur le plan international, cependant, vous n’ignorez pas les difficultés économiques auxquelles est soumise la presse d’opinion dans notre pays. Notre journal se trouve évidemment concerné et nous avons dû procéder à la suppression pure et simple de notre budget de propagande de toute initiative coûteuse qui accentue ces difficultés. Les Cross de « l’Humanité » se trouvent frappés par les mesures d’économie que nous avons prises. Il est en effet depuis plusieurs années déjà, ainsi que vous le savez, l’occasion d’un déficit financier très important ». Il est clair que, de son côté, la F.S.G.T., qui subit sur le plan des subventions une discrimination encore importante de la part du gouvernement, n’est pas en mesure, cette année, d’assurer les responsabilités financières entraînées par l’organisation d’une telle épreuve. Depuis plusieurs années déjà « l’Humanité » avait alerté la F.S.G.T. sur les difficultés qu’elle éprouvait. La persistance de cette situation aboutit à la suppression du grand cross populaire. Les clubs ne l’apprendront pas sans une grande émotion. Pourtant, dans certaines régions, nos Camarades envisagent déjà l’organisation de cross populaires qui, 6ans remplacer, bien sûr, le Cross de « l’Humanité » visent néanmoins à répondre, dès cette année, à un besoin des jeunes. Une réflexion surtout s’impose : étudier l’organisation, pour les années qui viennent, d’une autre grande épreuve, qui sur une autre base financière, rétablirait la fructueuse collaboration entre la fédération travailliste et le grand quotidien ouvrier. Ce dernier, en tous cas, attend nos propositions, et cette étude concerne, au-delà de la direction nationale, tous nos dirigeants athlètes. Le secteur spécialisé vient de mettre la dernière main au Calendrier sportif national de la F.S.G.T. Si quelques épreuves restent en discussion, quant à l’implantation, l’ensemble représente dès maintenant un acquis, un outil de travail indispensable pour les commissions régionales et les clubs. C’est un document à garder précieusement tout au long de la saison, dont elle constitue la charpente. C’est aussi un témoignage de la puissance d’organisation de la F.S.G.T., au niveau de l’élite. LES COMMISSIONS FEDERALES ELARGIES ATHLETISME : 23 mars. BASKET-BALL : 15 mars et 7 juillet. GYMNASTIQUE : 26 janvier, mal-juin. JUDO : 26 avril et 15 juillet. MONTAGNE : 2 février. SKI : 21 janvier et 26-27 avril. EN FOOTBALL 8 MARS A PARIS : Modification des formes d’organisation sportive et de la conception de nos Coupes Nationales (V. O., Deiaune), en rapport avec nos besoins et possibilités actuelles, afin de revaloriser les compétitions départementales. 30 MAI 1969 A PARIS : Ordre du jour à définir. SPÉCIALISTE DE LA RECOMPENSE SPORTIVE MEDAILLES COUPES BRELOQUES CHALLENGES Editeur de la Breloque officielle de la F.S.G.T. 27, 29, avenue Simon-Bolivar, Documentation complète sur demande PARIS (19 e ) Tél. : 208-70-04 et 98-56 Spécialités Nature des compétitions ATHLETISME 9 février 1969 9 mars 1969 28-29 juin 1969 21 septembre 1969 Cross Delaune (Cross fédéral par équipes) Championnats Fédéraux de Cross Championnats Fédéraux d’Athlétisme Mémorial M. Baquet (1) La Courneuve 93 (2) Romilly 10 ou Argenteuil 95 (1) Stains Coupe Antoine Risso ' Finale Coupe Simone Jaffray i Finale Coupe Cadettes Sous forme de stage à Sète 34 Discussion en cours pour les autres Coupes. Sont candidats : Brest, Toulouse, St-Cyr-l’Ecole BOULES 13-14 septembre 1969 Championnats Fédéraux Boules Lyonnaises (1) St-Etienne 42 CYCLISME 23 février 1969 29 juin 1969 15 juin 1969 31 mai 1 er juin Championnat de Cyclo-Cross Championnat Cadets-Juniors Championnat T.C. Finale Premier Elan Grand Prix Cycliste de « l’Humanité.» (1) Ponteilla 66 (1) Côte-d’Azur 21 (1) Pyrénées 31 (1) Le Havre Paris ESCRIME 25-26 mai 1969 Championnats Fédéraux (3) Fontaine 38 (3) Moyeuvre 54 FOOTBALL 4 mai 1969 10 mai 1969 5-9 avril 1969 4 mai 1969 Finale Coupe A. Delaune Finale Coupe de la «Vie Ouvrière» Finale Coupe L. Lagrange (Cadets) Finale Coupe H. Gaillard (Juniors) (2) Monaco (1) Homécourt 54 Sous forme de stage à Sète 34 Possible lever de rideau de la Coupe Delaune GYMNASTIQUE 29 mars 1969 24 avril ou 4 mai 1969 .... 24 mai ou 1 er juin 1969 .... 8 juin 1969 Championnats d’Hiver Challenge de l’Amitié Concours production spéciale Championnats Individuels (2) Comité des Hauts-de-Seine 92 (2) La Seyne 83 (2) Comité Seine-St-Denis 93 (1) Comité du Nord 59 HALTEROPHILIE 15 décembre 1968 9 mars 13 avril 1969 18 mai 1969 Coupe Juniors Coupe A. PT/IUtT/Sitf£ CHAMPIONNAT NATIONAL DE CROSS PAR EQUIPES « A-DELAUNE » 9 FEVRIER 1969 A LA COURNEUVE CADETTES FEMININES CS Blanc-Mesnil, CSM Petit Quévllly, COSM Arcueil, US Méry, Haveluy, RSC Champigny, Sens OC, RSC Montreuil, U.S. M.A., Vieux jCondé, RAC Gonetsse, A. Waziers. Repêchés : USM Romilly, USN Drancy, US St-Pierre Tours. Remplaçants : CSM Vigneux, SO Houilles, CO Douchy, USMA II. JUNIORS-SENIORS FEMININES RSC Montreuil, CSM Petit Queviliy, US Métro, US Méry, USM Marly, USN Drancy, St-Denis US, USM Malakoff, USM Romilly, CS Clichy, CSM Plessis-Robinson, RSC Montreuil II. Repêchés USMA, COM Bagneux, USO Bezons. Remplaçants : CMS Pantin, COSM Arcueil. CADETS MASCULINS Première année (1953) RSC Montreuil, CSM Petit Queviliy, COSM Arcueil, CA Vierzon, CS Clichy, Haveluy, AL Massy, AJS Courneuve, US Gentilly, CASO, USJ Mitry, SO Houilles. Repêchés : US St-Pierre Tours, CA Romainville, St-Denis US. Remplaçants : ES Stains, JS Sartrouville, AS Pierrefitte, CAO St-Cyr. CADETS MASCULINS Deuxième année (1952) USMA, CSM Petit Queviliy, COSM Arcueil, CA Vierzon, SO Houilles, Escaudin, Haveluy, St-Denis US, ANF Crespin, CSM PlessisRobinson, CASO, USN Drancy. Repêchés Sens OC, US Métro, COM Bagneux. Remplaçants : US Créteil, USM Romilly, CS Clichy, CSM Arnouville. JUNIORS MASCULINS USN Drancy, CSM Petit Queviliy, US Métro, Haveluy, US St-Pierre Tours, CO Billancourt, SC Choisy, COSM Arcueil, COM Argenteuil, USM Romilly, RAC Gonesse, ES Stains, USM Malakoff, COM Bagneux, CSM Genevilliers, St-Denis US. Repêchés : SCM Châtillon, CS Clichy, US Ivry, RSC Montreuil. SENIORS MASCULINS USMA, CSM Petit Queviliy, US Métro, CA Vierzon, USM Malakoff, SCM Châtillon, RSC Montreuil, St-Denis US, SC Choisy-leRoi, ASFL Orsay, USEG ASA, CMS Pantin, CO Billancourt, US Ivry, Paul-Bert Tours, Sens OC. Repêchés : SO Houilles, COM Argenteuil, USN Drancy, USJ Mitry. Remplaçants : US Métro II, USM Malakoff II, USM Montfermell, COSM Arcueil. 6a$Wôt! Sur les traces du Stage Maurice-Baquet, la Coupe nationale des Cadets Ainsi donc, du 5 avril inclus au 9 avril inclus, la Coupe Nationale (CadetsJ reprendra à son compte une part des idées-forces de ce Stage Maurice-Baquet 1968, dont elle entend, avec ses affinités particulières, tirer un généreux profit. Nous l’avons dit, nous pensons utile de le redire encore, le Stage MauriceBaquet a influencé notre conduite. En nous référant à ses enseignements, nous avons bâti € Nanterre » en 1968 ; nous bâtirons, amélioré, « Sète » en 1969. Chacun admet qu’il est venu le temps de rechercher pour les activités sportives des formes qui correspondent à leur présence pleine et entière dans l’éducation générale de l’individu. Il ne s’agit pas seulement de constater le phénomène, il faut vouloir matérialiser la réforme. Nous ajouterons pour ceux qui doutent, qui doutent toujours, qu’il faut avoir la volonté de vouloir. Les journées de la Finale Nationale (CadetsJ doivent démontrer que le Basket-Ball peut satisfaire à deux idées essentielles : a) une formation générale de l’individu par l’esprit qu’il apportera à l’intégrer à cette vie collective de cinq jours et à l’animer, b) une formation plus spécifiquement « basket-ball », plus individuelle par la manière dont il saura analyser ses actions et ses réactions. Au niveau des Cadets, l’heure a sonné d’apporter autre chose que le dévouement — remarquable, sans doute — d’officiels baptisés « mère-poules », victimes expiatoires trop faciles de tous les insuccès. L’heure est à la responsabilité individuelle des joueurs. L’heure est à la responsabilité collective des joueurs. L’heure est à la Finale 1969 de Sète. Après l’Assemblée élargie du Basket tenue à Paris en novembre 1968, après l’envoi des règlements, chacun est en mesure de préparer les joueurs selon des données précises, auxquelles le timide stage de Nanterre ajoute une contribution non négligeable. Les Pyrénées, qui ont prévu un stage préparatoire, s’engagent dans la bonne voie. Ils se souviennent que, l’an passé, meilleurs « cinq » de la Finale, ils ont dû s’incliner devant la Touraine, meilleurs « huit ». Et la Touraine elle-même a pu constater qu’elle n’avait pas cinq joueurs heureux et trois participants à la joie, mais bien huit jeunes parfaitement conscients d’avoir tout fait pour bâtir le succès. Nous reparlerons de Sète ! Car le Stage 1969 et ses journées de finales doivent nous aider à vaincre de nouvelles barrières. M. CHEVREAU. 30 CHAMPIONNAT DE FRANCE DE CYCLO-CROSS (toutes catégories) Deuxième Critérium National (Minimes, Cadets) 23 février 1969 à Ponteilla 66 QUALIFICATION. Licenciés FSGT depuis le 23 janvier 1969, sélectionnés par leur comité, toutes classes d’âge, sauf Cadets et Minimes. Toutefois, un cadet dans sa dix-huitième année pourra participer, après avoir fait une demande à la Commission Fédérale avant le 13 février 1969. Pour les Minimes Cadets, de 14 ans révolus jusqu’aux participants nés après le 1 er novembre 1950. ENGAGEMENTS. Transmis par l’intermédiaire des Commissions Cyclistes Régionales à la Commission Fédérale entre le 30 JANVIER ET LE 13 FEVRIER, au plus tard par télégramme, le samedi 15 février à Sporgymtra-Paris. Confirmer ensuite par lettre. UN FRANC sera perçu au retrait des dossards. 5 FRANCS après la clôture. as* f* 82* V JF»82* %* COUPE NATIONALE PIERRE-VINCENT Les quarts de finales de cette épreuve sont avancées au dimanche 16 mars 1969 ainsi qu'en a décidé la Commission fédérale, en sa réunion plénière du 10 décembre 1968. La date primitivement retenue, 23 mars 1969 coïncide avec le troisième tour de la Coupe de France F.F.E. Des assurances, dans l’esprit du protocole F.F.E. F.S.G.T., nous ont été données pour que nos épreuves ultérieures ne soient pas en concurrence aux mêmes dates. fefôot bail J 1/8 DE FINALE DE LA COUPE AUGUSTE-DELAUNE DIMANCHE 2 FEVRIER 1969 à 14 h 30 sur le terrain du premier nommé 1. MCB Nice ES Vitry ; 2. Toulouse OAC US Métro Paris ; 3. ASG Bagnolet Gazélec de Nice ; 4. SO Ariane Nice AS Conque Nice ; 5. US Ivry RSC Montreuil ; 6. USM Villeparisis COM Argenteuil ; 7. CM Aubervilliers USM Beuvrages ; 8. AS Carrier Alençon ou AS Sarcelles SC Choisy. rÿmn<ytTque GYMNASTIQUE FEMININE MODERNE La commission fédérale espère pouvoir organiser au printemps prochain, à Paris, un stage destiné aux monitrices, sous la direction d’éducatrices qualifiées tchécoslovaques ou bulgares. STAGES DE JURES INTERNATIONAUX DU C.S.LT. Le stage a eu lieu cette année à Macolin, en Suisse, sous la direction de M. A. Gander, président de la Fédération Internationale de gymnastique. Les quatre sta giaires de la F.S.G.T. : Cazabat, Koubi, Le Cornée et Leguet, ont satisfait à l’examen et reçu la carte de juré international du C.S.I.T. PLONGEE L’exploration sous-marine sera contemporaine de la conquête du cosmos. Que ce soit sous forme de plongée libre pour les débutants ou de plongée autonome pour les autres, chacun peut connaître et apprendre cette technique. Dans ce but, la commission fédérale F.S.G.T. des activités sub-aquatiques a été mise sur pied il y a aujourd’hui 1 an. Tous les problèmes afférents à cette activité peuvent être résolus avec l’aide de cette commission. PLONGEURS, CADRES, PRENEZ CONTACT AVEC ELLE ! Le carnet fédéral des activités sub-aquatiques est à la disposition de tous plongeurs au prix de 3 F l’unité, ainsi que la fiche médicale F.S.G.T. plongée. Clubs, plongeurs isolés, vous pouvez prendre contact avec la commission fédérale de plongée, 24, rue Yves-Toudic, Paris-10 c. STAGE D’INITIATEURS DE BAREGES DU 23 AU 39 DECEMBRE Sont reçus : Jean Bourrust, Gérard Doum, Patrick Verpeaux, Jean-Louis Pignon. CHAMPIONNAT FEDERAL « FEMININ » PREMIERE PHASE : DIMANCHE 26 JANVIER 1969 POULE 1 A SENS (Yonne) CASO Sport, Sens OC, COM Argenteuil. POULE 2 A VIENNE (Isère) US Métro Paris, CSSS Vienne, CMS Pantin. POULE 3 A SALLAUMINES (Pas-de-Calais) RSC Montreuil, AO Sallaumines, COM Bagneux. POULE 4 A BREST (Finistère) AS PTT Brest, St-Denis US, CSM PlessisRobinson. Les deux premiers de chaque poule seront qualifiés pour le championnat « Excellence » à jouer les 16 février, 16 mars, 13 avril, en 2 poules de 4. Les troisièmes disputeront le « titre Promotion », soit sous forme d’une poule de 4, soit en demi-finale et finale au choix des compétiteurs et aux dates ci-dessus. CHAMPIONNAT FEDERAL « MASCULIN » PREMIERE PHASE : DIMANCHE 26 JANVIER 1969 POULE 1 A ALENÇON AST Alençon, US Métro Paris, US Le Pecq. POULE 2 A BREST AS PTT Brest, PNS Suresnes, ES Levallois. POULE 3 A ST-CYR-SUR-LOIRE (l.-et-L.) CASKF St-Cyr-sur-Loire, CASO Sp. Paris, Dassault Elec. Paris. POULE 4 A BETHUNE US Cheminots Béthune, CO Billancourt, CMS Pantin. POULE 5 A TOULOUSE CEPIERE JS Cepière, RSC Montreuil, USM Malakoff. POULE 6 A AUDUN-LE-T CHE (Moselle) US Audunnoise, AS Drancy, US Fontenay. POULE 7 AU HAVRE C.P.N. Le Havre, USM St-Ouen, CM Aubervilliers. POULE 8 A TOULOUSE Toulouse EC, CS Cllchy, CSM PlessisRobinson. N. B. — L'arbitrage (premier et deuxième arbitre : marqueur si possible), est assuré par le Club ne jouant pas à l’heure prévue. © CALENDRIERS DES STAGES WEEK-ENDS REGIONAUX 14-15 décembre : Touraine (20 participants). 7-12 avril : Nord. O UNE INITIATIVE HEUREUSE DE LA LIGUE D’ILE-DE-FRANCE Cette année, en dehors des championnats classiques, trois épreuves de forme nouvelle ; UNE COUPE INTER-SERVICES ET ATELIERS, réservée aux seuls joueurs travaillant à l’entreprise. La compétition se déroule en deux temps : 1) Compétition inter-services à l’intérieur de chaque club d’entreprise. Organisation libre — matches le soir en semaine ou le samedi. RENE NAPOLEONI REGAGNE LE MIDI 2) Grande journée du sport à l’entreprise rassemblant surtout un samedi. Les équipes lauréates des différents tournoi inter-services organisés dans les clubs d’entreprise. UNE COUPE INTER-CLUBS, où chaque club doit obligatoirement engager une équipe seniors masculine, une équipe juniors cadets et une équipe féminine. Les trois équipes du même club rencontrent le même dimanche matin les trois équipes correspondantes d’un autre club. Le club vainqueur étant celui qui totalise le plus grand nombre de points à raison de deux points pour une victoire, un point pour une défaite, zéro point pour un forfait. UN CHAMPIONNAT VETERAN se jouant en semaine après accord entre les clubs et ouvert à tous les joueurs et joueuses ayant plus de 35 ans. Les équipes peuvent être mixtes. DEPLACEMENTS INTERNATIONAUX CYCLO-CROSS EN TCHECOSLOVAQUIE 23-29 JANVIER Titulaires : Mossot, Dalmasso Jean, Richard, Abadie Edmond. Remplaçants : Bertrand, Baudin, Roger Roger. TENNIS DE TABLE EN TCHECOSLOVAQUIE 29 JANVIER 3 FEVRIER Titulaires : MM. Molet (St-Denis U.S.), Walczak (USM Malakoff), Krieff (USEG) ; Mlles Lemazurier (RSC Champigny), Blond (USEG). SOIX ANTEN AIRE La F.S.G.T. avait demandé au lutteur Daniel Robin, Médaille d’Argent à Mexico et habitant Grenoble, d’être son invité d’honneur aux Manifestations Internationales de Lutte, qui se sont déroulées dans la Région parisienne à l’occasion du Soixantième Anniversaire du Sport Travailliste. Il a adressé à la F.S.G.T. une carte de bons vœux, qui dit : Daniel Robin vous prie de l’excuser de n’avoir pas répondu à votre lettre du 8 novembre 1968, lui demandant de participer à une de vos Manifestations du Soixantenaire de la F.S.G.T. ». Ce regrettable incident est dû à une erreur de sa part, croyant que la Fédération Française de Lutte avait répondu pour lui à votre demande. Avec ses excuses et ses vœux renouvelés, il vous souhaite une bonne année sportive »... La F.S.G.T. le remercie et lui souhaite de grands succès. Après quinze années passées à Paris, notre camarade René Napoléoni retourne à Marseille. Ainsi qu’il Pavait annoncé au COMMUNIQUE DU 26 DECEMBRE DE LA LIGUE DE L’ILE-DE-FRANCE DE LA F.S.G.T. SL FAUT RENDRE LES GYMNASES AUX SPORTIFS Bien que la précédente fermeture des gymnases parisiens ait provoqué un légitime mécontentement de la part des Ligues et Associations sportives, à nouveau des salles de sport (Coubertin, Léo Lagrange, Ivry annexe) sont occupées par les C.R.S. pour des raisons de police. La Ligue de l’Ile-de-France de la F.S.G.T., considérant ces mesures préjudiciables à l'organisation et au développement de la pratique sportive, demande l’intervention du Secrétariat d’Etat à la Jeunesse et aux Sports pour rendre, sans délai, les gymnases à leur véritable destination. UNE MAISON DE REPOS DES SPORTIFS L’Amicale des Médaillés du Sport, le Comité National des Sports et la Mutuelle Nationale des Sports ont fondé une Maison de convalescence, de repos et de retraite, des Accidentés et Vieux du Sport. Cette Maison, inaugurée en juillet est située au Château de Boisseron (Gard), près de Montpellier. Elle comprend deux séditions : l’une de retraite et l’autre de convalescence et repos (médical). Pour être admis au titre de retraité, il faut être âgé d’au moins de 60 ans et ne plus exercer d’activité professionnelle. La section de convalescence et repos est réservée à ceux qui ont des séquelles d’accident sportif, de maladie ou de surmenage, ou bien ont besoin de rééducation motrice et fonctionnelle ou de gymnastique médicale et de physiothérapie. Pour tous renseignements complémentaires, écrire à Boisseron. Congrès de Nanterre, notre camarade avait prolongé son séjour d’une année en tant que permanent dans la capitale afin d’assurer les responsabilités des manifestations du soixantenaire. La lâche étant arrivée à son terme, René Napoléoni retourne donc en province où il assumera une responsabilité de Loisirs et Vacances à la Mutuelle des Travailleurs des Bouches-du-Rhône. Cependant, notre camarade ne perdra pas le contact avec notre Fédération : il continuera à participer en tant que membre du Comité National aux travaux de celuici, et vraisemblablement à nous apporter une collaboration dans le cadre de ses nouvelles fonctions. Rappelons que notrte camarade devint Secrétaire général de la F.S. G.T. en 1953 et qu’il accéda à la présidence de la F.S.G.T. en 1965, suite à la mort de notre regretté R. Rousseau. Un fraternel apéritif d’au-revoir a rassemblé le 16 janvier au siège fédéral les membres du Comité National, des Commissions Sportives Fédérales venus lui témoigner, ainsi qu’à sa femme, leur sympathie fraternelle dans cette période nouvelle de leur existence. René Napoléoni a reçu de nombreuses félicitations et témoignages d’amitié. Dans l’impossibilité de répondre à tous, il prie chacun d’agréer ses remerciements et l’expression de son affection. DEUILS Notre camarade loan, dirigeant du club « Amitié et Nature » de Voiron, s’est tué récemment en montagne. Cet accident, intervenu dans le cadre même de son sport, enlève prématurément un de nos meilleurs animateurs alpins, qui avait consacré à la pratique des jeunes et de l’enfance, une partie de sa vie. Sa perte, pour nos amis de l’Isère, est comparable à celle qu’ont subie nos camarades des Hautes-Pyrénées, lors de la mort, il y a quelques années, de J. Ronnet. La F.S.G.T. s’incline devant la douleur de sa famille et des membres de son club. Elle les rassure de sa profonde sympathie. Mme Bernadette loan, sa famille, ont reçu de nombreux sportifs le témoignage de leur sympathie. Dans l’impossibilité de répondre à tous, elle prie « Sport et Plein Air » de leur transmettre ses remerciements. • Fanny Fanara, membre de la Commission Fédérale de Gymnastique, vient de perdre sa mère. Que notre camarade, ainsi que son mari, secrétaire de la commission, et leurs enfants, trouvent ici l’expression de notre sincère sympathie, et de nos condoléances attristées. EN 1968 vcuô avez Lu cianô ÿPOfîTs PLEIN AIR ASSURANCES : Convention d’assurances de la NI.N.S. avec l’Italie et l’Espagne 104 LE COMITE NATIONAL, L’ORGANISATION ET LES CONCEPTIONS DE LA F.S.G.T. : Les organismes élus au Congrès de Nanterre 104 Le rapport financier par J. CHAUMONT 104 La discussion au Congrès de Nanterre 104 Problèmes d’aujourd’hui après le Congrès 104 Le stage d’éducateurs de Dinard du 12-17 février 1968 .... 104 Des changements à la tête de la Fédération 105 L’intervention de l’auto-club de Paris au Congrès de Nanterre 105 Le premier stage 1968 d’Educateurs sportifs à Dinard .... 106 Le Colloque International, par Y. Adam 110-111 Colloque International : Sport et développement social au XX e siècle 113 Ce seront les vrais sauveurs du sport français, par par R. GATTEGNO 115 22 pays au Colloque International. La recommandation finale 115 Du Comité National aux Conseils interrégionaux, par R. FIDANI 115 — Assurer le succès de nos stages nationaux 115 SOIXANTIEME ANNIVERSAIRE : — Programme du Soixantenaire 104 — Les fêtes du Soixantenaire du Sport Travailliste Français. 105 — Sur les raisons du 60 e Anniversaire, par R. NAPOLEONI 106 — Le Soixantenaire 107 — Le Soixantenaire 108-109 — Le Colloque International, par Yvon ADAM 110-111 — Le Soixantenaire : Manifestations sportives 112 — Manifestations sportives 113 — Colloque International : Sport et développement social au XX e siècle 113 — Le Colloque International : personnalités participantes. 114 — Le but a été atteint, par R. NAPOLEONI 115 — 22 pays au Colloque : la recommandation finale 115 PRATIQUE SPECIALISEE : — L’avenir des activités subaquatiques 105 — Canoë-kayak : la croisière fédérale de Pâques 105 — Les stages et le calendrier national 1967-1968 105 — Le stage de dirigeants de ski à Boutx-le-Mourtis 105 — Ebauche de la saison 1968-1969 et le calendrier 106 — Comment organiser une compétition locale ? 107 — Le protocole d’accord du football 108-109 — 1968-1969 : tremplin de l’application de nos résolutions et pré-calendrier national 112 — Le calendrier du C.S.I.T 112 — A l’entreprise : un loisir sportif ouvert à tous 113 — Le basket-ball face à « Gai Soleil », par M. CHEVREAU .. 114 — Réunions des spécialités en novembre-décembre 114 — Calendrier des stages techniques 1969 115 LE CONSEIL PEDAGOGIQUE ET SCIENTIFIQUE : — Terrain de rencontre et d’échange 105 — Vers le stage Maurice Baquet 1968 106 — A propos du Mémento 106 — Masmejan, un bon départ 107 — Le stage Maurice Baquet : Pourquoi ? 107 — Volley-Ball Gymnastique au Stage de Sète 108-109 — Le document d’orientation Stage Maurice Baquet à Sète, du 13 au 28 juillet 1968 110-111 — Stage Maurice Baquet, Sète, du 13 au 27 juillet 1968 Intervention de clôture, par R. MERAND 112 — Une nouvelle étape, par R. MOUSTARD 113 — Le sport à l’entreprise en U.R.S.S., par R. FIDANI 113 — Le C.P.S. et la vie de la F.S.G.T., par R. MOUSTARD .. 114 — Les Syndicats et les clubs sportifs d’entreprise en U.R.S.S. (suite), par R. FIDANI 114 — Vers un recrutement massif 114 — Le C.P.S. face aux problèmes actuels, par R. MERAND. 115 — Problème du sport en R.D.A., par R. MOUSTARD 115 PRATIQUE DE MASSE : —L’intervention de l'Auto-Club de Paris au Congrès de Nanterre 105 — L’Ecole de sport de l’Entente Sportive de Vitry 106 — Le 31 e Cross de « l’Humanité » 106 — Comment organiser une compétition locale ? 107 — Sport-Jeudi, le sens et le contenu des stages d’animateurs en Ile de France 107 — A l’entreprise : un loisir sportif ouvert à tous 113 BIBLIOGRAPHIE : — LES SOMMAIRES 1967 de «Sport et Plein Air» 105 ACTION REVENDICATIVE ET CONGRES NATIONAL DU PORT FRANÇAIS: — Déclaration du Comité National de la F.S.G.T 107 — La F.S.G.T. et mouvement social 108-109 — L’Education physique et le mouvement social 108-109 — Le sport français et le mouvement social 108-109 — La jeunesse et la réalité d’aujourd’hui, par R. FIDANI. 108-109 — Le C.N.S. — Le but à atteindre 110-111 — Sportifs de notre temps, par M. GRUIT 110-111 — Vers les Assises nationales du sport français, par R. GATTEGNO 110-111 JEUX OLYMPIQUES : — Motion du C.S.I.T. sur le mouvement olympique 112 — A la veille des Jeux Olympiques, le Comité Directeur de la F.S.G.T. se prononce 113 — Mexico et... après ? 114 — Les J.O. : leur avenir, par R. MOUSTARD 115 LOISIRS SERVICE F.S.G.T. : — Vers un recrutement massif 114 — Loisirs Service F.S.G.T. « F.S.G.T,DOCUMENT AT ION » (Généralités ) dont l’édition actuelle a été rénovée, depuis 1965, par la direction nationale est un document complet pour tous les dirigeants de clubs, de commissions ou de sections sportives. Procurez-vous, dès aujourd’hui F.S.G.T,DOCUMENT AT ION au siège de la FSGT, 24, rue Yves-Toudic, Paris-lü' ! C.C.P. 1947-73 Paris PRIX 25,00 F (plus 4,70 F frais d’envoi recommandé non urgent). STAGES TECHNIQUES : Réduction de la prise en charge du Secrétariat à la Jeunesse et aux Sports : Voir notre article, p. 2. LE COMITE DU NORD ET LA FORMATION DES CADRES Dès le début de cet article il convient de souligner que malgré un calendrier assez copieux, les efforts réalisés en direction de la formation des cadres dans notre Comité n’en est qu’aux premiers balbutiements et que l’aide fédérale sera déterminante pour sa réalisation. Le Comité du Nord, que l’on peut placer dans une période évolutive décisive en est arrivé à une étape où la formation en grand nombre de cadres convaincus, du rôle irremplaçable de la F.S.G.T. dans le mouvement sportif, est la condition essentielle pour progresser. Mais il y a progression et progression ! Je considère qu’il n’est pas juste de voir la F.S.G.T., en haut de l’échelle quant à ses idées, et par le petit trou de la serrure quant au nombre de ses licenciés. Il n’est rien de plus réel que de penser la F.S.G.T. à travers les idées quelle répand. Nous nous sommes aperçus que la plupart de nos directions ne répondaient pas à ce que nous voulions et qu’une poignée seulement de « mordus » faisaient tourner ce qui existait. La formation des cadres se posait avec acuité. Le premier objectif était la recherche dans les clubs, de camarades actifs pour la Direction Départementale, capables de faire de la réalité un tremplin pour l’avenir. Les ordres du jour des réunions ne se limitaient plus à des discussions techniques ou sur l’activité sportive proprement dite, ils tenaient compte des directives de la Fédération ; c’était l’étape de la conviction, chacun convenait qu’il fallait une direction départementale capable de propager les idées, que c’était la première étape pour la formation des cadres mieux avertis de la valeur de notre effort. Ce fut le départ d’une progression en ,effectifs, lente maïs continue, doublée d’une sensible amélioration de l’organisation des activités. La pénétration des idées faisait naître une impulsion nouvelle, multipliait les énergies, suscitait la volonté d’en savoir plus, de participer plus utilement. Quelques chiffres permettent de mieux voir la progression. Voici le nombre de participants à différents stages ou journées d’étude. 1963 : 20 ; 1964 : 43 ; 1965 : 68 ; 1966 : 127 ; 1967 : 146 ; 1968 : 350. Actuellement pour 4.015 licenciés au 31 avril 1968, nous avons 53 clubs et par Emile KOLEBACKI, Secrétaire général du Comité du Nord 121 sections dans 11 spécialités sportives dont 6 sont structurées. Avec une activité régulière, 2 sont en pleine gestation, 3 viennent de démarrer. Depuis le congrès d’octobre 1968, la Direction Départementale a adopté des structures se rapprochant, toutes propositions gardées de celles de la Fédération. Car il n’apparaissait pas, ce qui doit ê:re dans quelques années, décisif pour renforcer la pratique spécialisée : je veux parler du secteur de la pratique sportive de masse, avec la multiplication des Ecoles de Sports, de centres de « Sport-Jeudi », etc... Actuellement les six commissions et le Comité Départemental se composent d’environ 90 dirigeants, chiffre qui peut paraître important, mais cependant insuffisant. Cela démontre combien doit être grand et continu notre effort pour mettre en place les cinq spécialités non organisées et réaliser un effort conséquent en direction des jeunes. Un des aspects de notre progression est l’apport important de dirigeants venant des nouveaux clubs et leur sensibilisation sur le fonctionnement démocratique de nos organismes et nos conceptions. C’est déjà le résultat du travail idéologique et de conviction, de la plus grande audience de notre La Commission Départementale d’Athlétisme a pour sa part réalisé un travail intéressant dans ce sens, elle a mis sur pied un calendrier de J. E. préparatoire au stage régional dans trois secteurs géographiques. Dans cette optique, pourraient participer au Comité. C’est la preuve aussi qu’il ne faut pas voir la formation des cadres seulement à travers les stages, mais aussi dans la vie de tous les jours, dans l’activité organisée comme nous le concevons. Le stage, milieu artificiellement créé, est un moyen de préciser et de parfaire ses connaissances, lesquelles pour s’affirmer doivent être mises en pratique. Par exemple, que peut-on offrir pour lancer une activité dans une spécialité donnée en partant de rien ? Sinon la certitude que ce que nous proposons, correspond le mieux aux besoins. L’activité vient ensuite renforcer concrètement la justesse des idées avancées. Le déterminant est de savoir convaincre que la F.S.G.T. joue un rôle irremplaçable, qu’elle le jouera (Fautant mieux qu’elle sera plus forte. Partant de cette idée, l’on peut mieux comprendre combien le contenu de tous nos stages ou journées d’étude, doit être en mesure de répondre à ce que nous voulons et dépasser le cadre restreint de la technique. C’est-à-dire ne pas passer au-dessus de l’essentiel : avoir le nombre et les moyens de faire progresser la technique elle-même. stage régional les adhérents ayant passé par les J. E., le stage lui-même étant qualificatif pour le stage national. C’est en persévérant dans ce domaine que nous pensons obtenir des résultats plus concluants dans toutes les spécialités. PRATIQUE EDUCATIVE ET DE MASSE DU SPORT Actuellement, les Jeux Olympiques étant passés, on reparle de la nécessité du «Sport de Masse». Mais derrière les mots les idées sont souvent imprécises et les intentions fort différentes. Le Sport, produit de la société, reposant sur les réalités économiques, sociales, politiques et scientifiques actuelles, est utilisé en fonction d’objectifs divers : spectacle dérivatif, source de profit, élément de prestige, etc... En même temps, comme le souligne la recommandation du Colloque International organisé par la F.S.G.T. à l’I.N.S. les 28-29 et 30 novembre 1968 : « Le Sport apparaît comme une des formes du développement illimité de l’homme et à ce titre il est nécessaire qu’il devienne réellement un moyen au service de l’éducation. La grande question qui se pose est : COMMENT Y PARVENIR ? Le Sport, en effet, n’est pas automatiquement et en lui-même éducatif. Il peut contribuer à former le citoyen conscient et responsable dans une perspective démocratique, mais il peut aussi engendrer l’esprit de tricherie, de chauvinisme, de violence, d’égoïsme ou de supériorité, être dangereux pour l’organisme. Pour être éducatif, le Sport doit favoriser l’épanouissement des qualités, le développement des aptitudes, contribuer à éliminer les défauts, développer en chacun le goût et les capacités les plus diversifiées en vue de pouvoir pratiquer, en vacances, dans le loisir, dans la vie de tous les jours. Dans cette perspective, contribuer à définir et à organiser la pratique éducative et de masse du Sport pour qu’il devienne une composante de la vie culturelle de notre pays, un élément de la vie de chacun, est l'objectif essentiel et constant de la F.S.G.T. —pratique éducative, c’est-à-dire qui se fonde sur une conception de l’éducation et de la culture en fonction d’une finalité explicite ; —• pratique de masse suppose des formes et des moyens appropriés aux besoins des masses. Nous pensons que ces formes sont spécifiques de la pratique éducative et de masse (deux notions inséparables) et qu’elles doivent être nettement différenciées des formes traditionnelles qui sont dérivées directement de cet aspect du Sport qui produit l’élite. Nous distinguons également la pratique de masse pour les adultes de celle, spécifique, pour les enfants. Ce document n’aborde que les problèmes de la pratique éducative et de masse du Sport pour les enfants de 7 à 14 ans. Il a été réalisé à partir des enseignements du travail actuel de la F.S.G.T. sur ce plan. L'ORIENTATION PERMANENTE de la F.S.G.T. STATUTS BUTS ^^^RTICLE^REMIER^ — Il est fondé sous le litre : fédération Sportive et Gymnique du Travail, une société qui a pour buts, en pratiquant et développant d’une façon rationnelle les exercices physiques et en utilisant judicieusement les loisirs : 9 De préserver et améliorer la santé et les capacités physiques de la jeunesse ; • D’inculquer à ses adhérents .des principes de camaraderie, de discipline et d’honneur ; 9 De les préparer à leur rôle de £ito^ens au service d’une République laïque et démocratique. Par le rassemblement des enfants, des jeunes et des ^aduUes des deux sexes dans les clubs travaillistes existants et pratiquant sous toutes les formes l’éducation et la pratique des sports, les diverses activités de pleine nature et la préparation militaire ; & En contribuant par tous les moyens dont elle dispose à la création de nouveaux clubs et centres de loisirs dans toutes les localités ou quartiers de villes, ainsi que dans les entreprises publiques et privées ; ^ Par ja^^KojDagarTde sous toutes ses formes ; Af Par J^^ed[ea|jomTem£rjt de la technique sportive de ses adhérents ; tk En collaborant avec les personnalités et collectivités sportives ou autres qui comprennent l’importance primordiale dé l’açUyité de la F.S.G.T., lui accordent leur concours moral ou matériel, ou poursuivent, au moins en partie, des buts identiques aux siens. IL y AT 41 ANS RÉSOLUTION adoptée à l’unanimité par le XIII e Congrès National STRASBOURG LE DEVELOPPEMENT DU SPORT PARMI LES JEUNES • POURQUOI S'OCCUPER DES JEUNES ? Parce que cela répond aux buts de notre Fédération 1 COMMENT S'OCCUPER DES JEU B) Par l’organisation ou la création de compétitions sportives et d’activités de plein air à leur intention. — à 1 échelon club: par l’organisation de larges compétitions populaires dans les quartiers et villages, sans exigence rigide de règlements, d’installations, d équipements, et par l’organisation de sorties camping, rallyes, etc... Le Congrès fixe les objectifs suivants : su,vant les mêmes principes. A) En organisant l’initiation sportive, ~ J jar ® c< : nte Brochure de notre camarade Maurice Baquet nous ouvre d’heureuses perspectives et donne à nos militants de précieux conseils. — Ouverture d’écoles d’initiation sportive multisports ou unisport, . * Ouverture d’écoles suivant les spé cialités pratiquées dans les clubs. Pour le plein air, organisation decoles d’escalade, de ski, de canoé, de k kayak et de voile. — a 1 échelon régional : par l’organisation de compétitions minimes, cadets, | juniors, dans les disciplines pratiquées." — a l’echelon fédéral, : à travers nos Commissions de spécialités qui doivent üfhT’i” f ? 1 . der " os Comités régionaux afin de faciliter leur travail. L'éducation sportive Elle comprend — Initiation. — Orientation. — Spécialisation. ainsi que les formes de compétitions s’y rapportant. Les écoles de sport Chaque commune, quartier, patronage laïque ^groupement de jeunes mais surtout chaque club ommsport F.S.G.T. doit posséder^son Ecole d’initiation sport, e car c’est elle qui constitue, avec les compétitions réservées aux novices, base du recrutement sportir. sur quels princir°s, quelle organisation, ces écoles doivent-elles fonctionner ? Je ne puis l’exposer en détail, mais voici néanmoins l’essentiel, étant en-gndu qu’il peut exister deux, sortes d’écoles de sport, l’une généralisée, l’autre spécialisée, a) Ecole de sport généralisée. . . Pour les débutants, c’est-à-dire les enfants non conquis à un sport, le but qu on se propose est de les initier à plusieurs^ sports ^ il est Argent de former et pe.tcctionner nos dirigeants, éducateurs, animateurs de clubs, groupements, patronages en ce qu ',o° n “ m c e r éation d'écoles de sport et l'organisation de compétitions a I échelon5 5 le plus bas, Cest-à-d.ru pour la ma r) : l'établissement d’un calendrier d’épreuves d'un caractère local ou régional exclusivement ; 3") l’état d’esprit qui doit parmi les pratiquants, où chacun doit savoir tour à tour « obéir et commander », puis, avec aide et reflexion, devenir son propre entraîneur. Comment recruter de nouveaux adhérents? PAR L'ÉDUCATION SPORTIVE ET LES COMPETITIONS DE MASSE Supplément à Sport et Plein Air du 1" août 1957 Les différentes formes de compétition Le sport des Jeunes doit être différent de celui des adultes. C’jst pourquoi il faut distinguer encore parmi les compétitions : a) Celles qui sont éducatives avec tout ce que ce mot comporte. b) Celles qui sont sélectives et sur r==quelles je ne m'étends pas. Les compétitions éducatives s’adres-^ sent de préférence aux jeunes. Il faut distinguer au départ deux sortes de compétitions : 1“) Celles qui s’adressent à la masse, et qui nous intéresse nt^jians cette 2°) Celles qui visent à sélectionner une élite. Après les congrès de Montreuil (1963), Tarbes (1965), celui de Nanterre (1967) a précisé et approfondi l'orientation de la F.S.G.T. CONCEPTIONS ACTUELLES Quelques "points de repère " : I Dans la pratique sportive, nous distinguons plusieurs « niveaux », plusieurs aspects : l’élite, la pratique spécialisée actuelle, la pratique de masse, les loisirs sportifs A tous ces niveaux, des efforts spécifiques doivent être entrepris pour rendre la pratique éducative. Comme n’importe quelle activité, l’activité physique n’est éducative que i elle est envisagée dans la double optique d’une activité de travail et d’une activité de jeu. Elle ne peut être réduite à une activité de détente. Il La pratique éducative de masse pour les adultes comme pour les jeunes n’est : ® ni une extension de la pratique spécialisée actuelle, compétitive et sélective, organisée en vue de produire une certaine élite ; • ni la prolifération plus ou moins occasionnelle ou spontanée d’activités physiques à caractère de jeux libres conçus comme une simple détente ; • ni un sous-produit d’activités phy siques commercialisées, tels des marchandises consommables facilement à l’occasion de vacances, dans le cadre des loisirs. | 5,292 |
https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EC%9E%90%EB%9D%BC%ED%8A%B8%EC%A3%BC | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | 구자라트주 | https://ko.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=구자라트주&action=history | Korean | Spoken | 42 | 202 | 구자라트주()는 인도의 서부에 있는 주이다. 면적은 19만 5,984km2. 전에는 남쪽의 마하라슈트라 주와 함께 봄베이 주를 구성하고 있었으나 언어문제로 1960년에 분리, 구자라트어를 쓰는 북반부가 아마다바드를 주도로 하여 구자라트 주로 독립했다. 북부는 쓸모없는 습지이나 남부는 기름진 평야여서 쌀·면화·보리·담배가 많이 난다.
인구
각주
인도의 주 | 33,541 |
https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AA | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | ادالهات | https://fa.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ادالهات&action=history | Persian | Spoken | 41 | 148 | ادالهات (به انگلیسی: Adalhat) در هند است که در اوتار پرادش واقع شدهاست.
خصوصیات
ادالهات ۴۴ کیلومترمربع مساحت و ۲۲٬۱۹۴ نفر جمعیت دارد و ۸۰٫۷۱ متر بالاتر از سطح دریا واقع شدهاست.
جستارهای وابسته
فهرست شهرهای هند
منابع
روستاهای بخش میرزاپور | 15,747 |
https://github.com/binbin0915/flutter_wan_android/blob/master/lib/module/first_page/banner.dart | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | 2,020 | flutter_wan_android | binbin0915 | Dart | Code | 183 | 570 | class Banner {
List<BannerData> bannerData;
int errorCode;
String errorMsg;
Banner({this.bannerData, this.errorCode, this.errorMsg});
Banner.fromJson(Map<String, dynamic> json) {
if (json['data'] != null) {
bannerData = <BannerData>[];
json['data'].forEach((dynamic value) {
bannerData.add(BannerData.fromJson(value as Map<String, dynamic>));
});
}
errorCode = json['errorCode'] as int;
errorMsg = json['errorMsg'] as String;
}
Map<String, dynamic> toJson() {
var data = <String, dynamic>{};
if (bannerData != null) {
data['data'] = bannerData.map((v) => v.toJson()).toList();
}
data['errorCode'] = errorCode;
data['errorMsg'] = errorMsg;
return data;
}
}
class BannerData {
String desc;
int id;
String imagePath;
int isVisible;
int order;
String title;
int type;
String url;
BannerData({this.desc, this.id, this.imagePath, this.isVisible, this.order, this.title, this.type, this.url});
BannerData.fromJson(Map<String, dynamic> json) {
desc = json['desc'] as String;
id = json['id'] as int;
imagePath = json['imagePath'] as String;
isVisible = json['isVisible'] as int;
order = json['order'] as int;
title = json['title'] as String;
type = json['type'] as int;
url = json['url'] as String;
}
Map<String, dynamic> toJson() {
var data = <String, dynamic>{};
data['desc'] = desc;
data['id'] = id;
data['imagePath'] = imagePath;
data['isVisible'] = isVisible;
data['order'] = order;
data['title'] = title;
data['type'] = type;
data['url'] = url;
return data;
}
}
| 27,719 |
https://github.com/gaosz0755/asprilo/blob/master/generator/generator/generator_split.py | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | 2,021 | asprilo | gaosz0755 | Python | Code | 188 | 870 | #!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""Instance Generator Core."""
import os
import logging
import math
import copy
import glob
from generator.utils.auxiliary import clone_args
from generator.generator import BasicGenerator, InstanceGenerator
LOG = logging.getLogger('custom')
class SplitGenerator(InstanceGenerator):
"""Abstract instance generator class."""
def __init__(self, conf_args, cl_parser):
super(SplitGenerator, self).__init__(conf_args)
self._cl_parser = cl_parser
self._args_dict = vars(self._args)
def _gen_basic(self):
return BasicGenerator(self._args).generate()
def _gen_inc(self):
return BasicGenerator(self._args).generate()
def generate(self):
"""Generation with split up warehouse and order instances."""
if self._args.gen_inc:
gen_func = self._gen_inc
else:
gen_func = self._gen_basic
num_wh_inst, num_order_inst = self._args.split
args_dict_bak = copy.deepcopy(vars(self._args))
# warehouse instances
self._cl_parser.parse_args(args=['-d', self._args.directory + '/warehouse_',
'--instance-dir',
'--prj-warehouse',
'-N', str(num_wh_inst)],
namespace=self._args)
LOG.info("Creating **warehouses** using solve args: %s", str(self._args))
dest_dirs = gen_func()[1]
# orders instances and merge
for winst in range(1, num_wh_inst+1):
# orders only
self._args_dict.clear()
self._args_dict.update(copy.deepcopy(args_dict_bak))
self._args_dict['oap'] = False
path_to_warehouse_file = glob.glob(dest_dirs[winst-1] + '/*.lp')[0]
self._cl_parser.parse_args(
args=['-d', dest_dirs[winst-1],
'--instance-dir-suffix', '/orders',
'-T', path_to_warehouse_file,
'--prj-orders',
'-N', str(num_order_inst)],
namespace=self._args)
LOG.info("Creating **orders** using solve args: %s", str(self._args))
gen_func()
# merge
for oinst in range(1, len(glob.glob(dest_dirs[winst-1] + '/orders/*.lp')) + 1):
self._args_dict.clear()
self._args_dict.update(copy.deepcopy(args_dict_bak))
path_to_order_file = glob.glob(dest_dirs[winst-1] +
'/orders/*N{0}.lp'.format(oinst))[0]
self._cl_parser.parse_args(
args=['-d', dest_dirs[winst-1] + '/merged',
'-T', path_to_warehouse_file, path_to_order_file,
'--instance-count', str(oinst),
'-N', '1'],
namespace=self._args)
LOG.info("Creating **merged instances** using solve args: %s", str(self._args))
self._gen_basic()
| 30,836 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13042323 | Wikidata | Semantic data | CC0 | null | Lurë e Vjetër | None | Multilingual | Semantic data | 375 | 875 | Lurë e Vjetër
fshat në Shqipëri, në Qarkun e Dibrës
Lurë e Vjetër instancë e fshat
Lurë e Vjetër shteti Shqipëri
Lurë e Vjetër e vendosur në zonën kohore Zona Kohore e Evropës Qendrore
Lurë e Vjetër e vendosur në zonën kohore Ora Verore e Evropës Qendrore
Lurë e Vjetër e vendosur në entitetin territorial administrativ të Komuna Lurë, objekti ka rol Njësia administrative, koha e fillimit 2015
Lurë e Vjetër koordinatat
Lura e Vjetër
albániai falu Dibra megye Dibra községében
Lura e Vjetër osztály, amelynek példánya falu
Lura e Vjetër ország Albánia
Lura e Vjetër időzóna közép-európai idő
Lura e Vjetër időzóna közép-európai nyári idő
Lura e Vjetër közigazgatási egység, ahol található Lura, érték szerepe albániai alközség, kezdet ideje 2015
Lura e Vjetër földrajzi koordináta
Lurë e Vjetër
village in Dibër County, Albania
Lurë e Vjetër instance of village
Lurë e Vjetër country Albania
Lurë e Vjetër located in time zone Central European Time
Lurë e Vjetër located in time zone Central European Summer Time
Lurë e Vjetër located in the administrative territorial entity Lurë, object of statement has role administrative unit, start time 2015
Lurë e Vjetër coordinate location
Lura e Vjetër
Dorf in Albanien, im Qark Dibra
Lura e Vjetër ist ein(e) Dorf
Lura e Vjetër Staat Albanien
Lura e Vjetër Zeitzone Mitteleuropäische Zeit
Lura e Vjetër Zeitzone Mitteleuropäische Sommerzeit
Lura e Vjetër liegt in der Verwaltungseinheit Lura, Objekt der Aussage fungiert als Administrative Einheit in Albanien, Startzeitpunkt 2015
Lura e Vjetër geographische Koordinaten
Lurë e Vjetër
village albanais dans la préfecture de Dibër
Lurë e Vjetër nature de l’élément village
Lurë e Vjetër pays Albanie
Lurë e Vjetër fuseau horaire heure normale d'Europe centrale
Lurë e Vjetër fuseau horaire heure d'été d'Europe centrale
Lurë e Vjetër localisation administrative Lurë, date de début 2015
Lurë e Vjetër coordonnées géographiques
Лура е Ветър
Лура е Ветър екземпляр на село
Лура е Ветър държава Албания
Лура е Ветър часова зона централноевропейско време
Лура е Ветър географски координати
Старо Луре
село во Албанија
Старо Луре е село
Старо Луре земја Албанија
Старо Луре часовен појас средноевропско време
Старо Луре часовен појас средноевропско летно време
Старо Луре се наоѓа во Лурје, предметот ја има улогата општинска единица во Албанија, почетен датум 2015
Старо Луре географски координати | 50,246 |
https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haimao%20Dao | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Haimao Dao | https://ceb.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haimao Dao&action=history | Cebuano | Spoken | 52 | 111 | Ang Haimao Dao ngalan niining mga mosunod:
Republikang Popular sa Tsina
Haimao Dao (pulo sa Republikang Popular sa Tsina, lat 38,97, long 121,65), Liaoning Sheng,
Haimao Dao (pulo sa Republikang Popular sa Tsina, lat 38,87, long 121,02), Liaoning Sheng,
Pagklaro paghimo ni bot 2016-03
Pagklaro paghimo ni bot Republikang Popular sa Tsina | 46,600 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7671150 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,011 | Stack Exchange | Brian McFarland, David Heffernan, Hopper McConnell, Lambert Hvass, MOHAMMED TAUFIQUE SHAIKH, McDonald Skafte, Pierina Craig, Santiago F., Thio Serena, Tuttle Korsholm, https://stackoverflow.com/users/16998750, https://stackoverflow.com/users/16998751, https://stackoverflow.com/users/16998752, https://stackoverflow.com/users/16998818, https://stackoverflow.com/users/16998824, https://stackoverflow.com/users/16998830, https://stackoverflow.com/users/16998831, https://stackoverflow.com/users/16998858, https://stackoverflow.com/users/16998897, https://stackoverflow.com/users/16999150, https://stackoverflow.com/users/16999836, https://stackoverflow.com/users/505088, https://stackoverflow.com/users/942746, justsvg, kimtramtrangiatelecom, 娱乐万亿平台总代理 | English | Spoken | 523 | 741 | Do I need to know assembly to debug programs written in C?
I am learning C with "The C Programming Language", 2nd edition, and also doing each exercise.
Do I need to know assembly in order to debug C programs that I wrote as solutions to the books exercises?
Also, which debugger do you recommend?
No you don't, but it might be easier to learn than gdb! ;-)
You do not need to know assembly to program in C, including debugging. However, if you know assembly, C begins to make a lot of sense; it really helps to have some notions of assembly (preferably, some notions on several distinct architectures, such as x86 and ARM), and not only for debugging.
Agreed. Knowing how a machine really works helps you write better C. Learning the assembly language will you help you grasp how a machine works at a low level and why you write the C that you do.
It is not required but sometimes is extremely helpful. If you're using MSVC++, just use the one in the IDE, it can show disassembly too.
No, you don't need to know assembly in order to learn C.
As far as debuggers go, perhaps the easiest choice is to use the debugger that's built into the IDE that you're using. On Windows, Microsoft Visual Studio is popular (there's a free version). Eclipse is another popular choice that's available on a number of platforms.
There are also command-line debuggers, such as gdb, but they'll be harder to get started with than a GUI-based one.
In order to debug step by step, it might be helpful, but not necessary, to know assembly. It also depends on the debugger if it is really necessary.
But there are other ways to debug a program, e.g. put printf() calls at strategic places.
No, asm is not required but helpful, like others have said, use a debugger... What others have not said, is that you could even use GDB, but be sure you disable compiler optimisations or debugging might be hard.
When you compile with the GCC -g2 or -g3 flag you can debug you program with GDB. Here you can find a short tutorial howto use GDB http://cs.baylor.edu/~donahoo/tools/gdb/tutorial.html and here you can find a somewhat more extensive tutorial http://www.delorie.com/gnu/docs/gdb/gdb_toc.html
You don't need to learn assembly if you are going to debug your own programs. Compilers can embed source code information into the executable (-g flag with GCC) or into a side file (/Z family of flags with MSVC).
Getting started with a debugger is not hard (even if you use a command line one), and there are plenty of resources everywhere on the internet. It is the investment which will give you the most return.
Nevertheless, having some grasp of the assembly language can prove useful at times. Looking at the assembly generated by the compiler is sometimes (rarely) needed when you want to check how some optimizations are done. But this is something you shouldn't worry about unless you have a very specific job.
No, you don't. Microsoft Visual Studio has a nice debugger. Other options are Code::Blocks or Eclipse.
| 49,144 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94974210 | Wikidata | Semantic data | CC0 | null | Template:Taxonomy/Urogymnus | None | Multilingual | Semantic data | 433 | 3,143 | Template:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
维基媒体模板
Template:Taxonomy/Urogymnus 隶属于 分类学模板
Template:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
taxonomy template
Template:Taxonomy/Urogymnus instance of taxonomy template
Sjabloon:Taksonomie/Urogymnus
Wikimedia sjabloon
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bản mẫu Wikimedia
Template:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Викимедијин шаблон
Шаблон:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
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Template:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Taxonomy template
Plantilla:Taxonomía/Urogymnus
plantilla de Wikimedia
Plantilla:Taxonomía/Urogymnus instancia de plantilla taxonómica
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Šablon:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
šablon na Wikimediji
টেমপ্লেট:শ্রেণীবিন্যাসবিদ্যা/Urogymnus
উইকিমিডিয়া টেমপ্লেট
Šablon:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Taksonomski šablon
Predložak:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Taksonomski predložak
Шаблон:Таксономия/Urogymnus
шаблон проекта Викимедиа
Шаблон:Таксономия/Urogymnus это частный случай понятия таксономический шаблон Викимедиа
Шаблон:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
таксономічний шаблон Вікімедіа
Шаблон:Taxonomy/Urogymnus є одним із таксономічний шаблон Вікімедіа
Modèle:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
modèle de Wikimedia
Vorlage:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Wikimedia-Vorlage
Sablon:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Wikimédia-sablon
Format:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
format Wikimedia
Предлошка:Автотаксономија/Urogymnus
шаблон на Викимедија
Предлошка:Автотаксономија/Urogymnus е таксономска предлошка
Predloga:Taksonomija/Urogymnus
predloga Wikimedie
Шаблон:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Уикимедия шаблон
Πρότυπο:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Πρότυπο εγχειρήματος Wikimedia
Šablóna:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
šablóna projektov Wikimedia
Stampë:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
stampë e Wikimedias
Template:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
template di un progetto Wikimedia
Predefinição:Taxonomia/Urogymnus
predefinição da Wikimedia
Predefinição:Taxonomia/Urogymnus instância de predefinição de taxonomia
Sjabloon:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Wikimedia-sjabloon
Šablona:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
šablona na projektech Wikimedia
Szablon:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
szablon w projekcie Wikimedia
Skabelon:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Wikimedia-skabelon
Skabelon:Taxonomy/Urogymnus tilfælde af Wikimedia-skabelon for taksonomi
Mal:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Wikimedia-mal
Mall:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Wikimedia-mall
Malline:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Wikimedia-malline
Veidne:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Wikimedia projekta veidne
Mall:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Wikimedia mall
Šablonas:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Vikimedijos šablonas
Шаблон:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
шаблон праекта Вікімедыя
Plantilla:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
plantilla de Wikimedia
Template:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
قالب ويكيميديا
Template:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
الگوی ویکیمدیا
Şablon:Taksonomi/Urogymnus
Vikimedya şablonu
Template:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
ウィキメディアのテンプレート
टेम्पलेट:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
साँचा विकिपीडिया
틀:분류군:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
위키미디어 틀
Ашаблон:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Ашаблон Авикипедиа
Template:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Wikimedia template
Template:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Wikimedia template
Seunaleuëk:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Pola Wikimèdia
Template:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
維基媒體模板
Template:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Template Vichipedia
Template:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Wikimedia template
Template:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
维基媒体模板
Template:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Wikimedia template
Template:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Wikimedia template
Template:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
维基媒体模板
şablon:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Şablon Wikipidia
Ŝablono:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Vikimedia ŝablono
Template:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
维基媒体模板
Txantiloi:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Wikimediako txantiloia
Vorlage:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Wikimedia vorlage
Template:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
維基媒體模板
Prantilla:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Prantilla Güiquipeya
Ӱлекер:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Wikimedia template
Template:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
维基媒体模板
Modèle:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Modèle Wikipeediya
Template:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
维基媒体模板
አብነት:ታክሶኖሚ/Urogymnus
መለጠፊያ ውክፔዲያ
Plantilla:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
plantilla de Wikimedia
Näüdüs:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Wikimedia näüdüs
Sjabloon:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Wikimedia-sjabloon
Bysen:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Ƿikipǣdia bysen
Template:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Wikimedia template
模板:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
模板 Veizgiek Bakgoh
Template:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
fyrimynd Wikimedia
Template:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Wikimedia template
Template:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
維基媒體模
Modèlo:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Modèlo Wikimedia
Template:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
قالب ويكيميديا
Àdàkọ:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
àdàkọ Wikimedia
Föörlaag:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Wikimedia-föörlaag
Template:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
قالب ويكيميديا
Template:TaxonomyUrogymnus
וויקימעדיע מוסטער
Model:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Model Vichipedie
Template:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
শ্ৰেণীবিভাজন টেমপ্লেট
თარგი:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
თარგი ვიკიპედია
Berjocht:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Wikimedia-berjocht
Plantía:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
plantía de Wikimedia
Template:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Itemplate yeWikimedia
Teimpléad:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Vicipéid teimpléad
Tipapitcikesinihikan:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Wikimedia tipapitcikesinihikan
Кевлар:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Кевләр Бикипеди
Şablon:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Şablon Vikipediya
Шаблон:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Шаблон Википедия
Template:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
模板 维基百科
Template:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
模板 維基百科
Teza:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Wikimedia teza:
Royuwaay:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Wikimedia royuwaay
Modèle:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
modèle de Wikimedia
खाँचा:वर्गीकरण/Urogymnus
विकिमीडिया खाँचा
Bakatan:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Batakan Wikimedia
Teamplaid:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Uicipeid teamplaid
Plantilla:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Plantilla Wikipidiya
Modelo:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
modelo da Wikimedia
Modele:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Modele Wikimedia
Şablon:Taksonomiya/Urogymnus
Şablon Vikipediya
Template:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
الگو ویکیپدیا
Näüdüs:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Näüdüs Vikipeediä
Template:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
قالب ویکی پدیا
Ҡалып:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Викимедиа ҡалыбы
Tembiecharã:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
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Samafomot:Urogymnus
Wikimedia samafomot
सांचो:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
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Patrôon:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Wikimedia patrôon
Mal:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Wikimédia mal
Templat:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Wikimedia templat
Šablon:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Vikimedii-šablon
Vorlog:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Wikimedia-Vorlog
𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌴𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
𐍅𐌹𐌺𐌹𐍀𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌴𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃
Modeło:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Wikimedia мodeło
Šabluons:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Wikimedia šabluons
Vorlage:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
Wikimedia-Vorlage
Template:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
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Plantilya:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
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Andoza:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
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Шаблён:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
шаблён праекту Вікімэдыя
टेम्पलेट:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
टेम्पलेट विकिपीडिया
قېلىپ:Taxonomy/Urogymnus
قېلىپ ۋىكىپېدىيە | 42,815 |
https://github.com/pulumi/pulumi-aws/blob/master/examples/minimal/index.ts | Github Open Source | Open Source | BSD-3-Clause, Apache-2.0, MPL-2.0 | 2,023 | pulumi-aws | pulumi | TypeScript | Code | 14 | 31 | // Copyright 2016-2017, Pulumi Corporation. All rights reserved.
import * as aws from "@pulumi/aws";
| 27,437 |
sn83045211_1919-03-04_1_23_1 | US-PD-Newspapers | Open Culture | Public Domain | 1,919 | None | None | English | Spoken | 557 | 1,163 | THE GUMPS Mother Wouldst a Word With Uncle Bim HERB IS IN THE HOOSE, SICK NO ONE KNOWS, WHETHER HE'LL LIME THROUGH THE VICTORY T.KOUSAAN&S.' ANDY HOUSANDS? OF DOLLARS SCATTERED AROUND EVENING PUBLIC LEDGER PHILADELPHIA, TUESDAY, MARCH 1, '71 -1 WITH IWAOUSY t f fcfcN'T VOO THINK AL OUGHT OF COURSE I KATE TO T7 &T 1 THINKING DO VWA2?t Yd ALIW A Sv PP H fhn &PSAK OF T AT TWIST ME- ( OH DEAR OH DEAR!)'.-, fV I J GOOD NOVVVINETHjT TOCWSUINAWEt UH) BO&INE&S.IS BUSNKS- AND ALL THAT FORTUNE- 1, V fl UMO.fc BN HAS ANYTHING V& SMOOLB. HAVE SORA&ONE THOUGHT MIN S6& F- YOO Ol IT'S. A SWARVE Ml jX 1 I orko-t? y-SSvHEg LU L?0'- urrVus?. oh please have it back to the state-,,& g? f IS -Y -T-S AtD Ia Pierce's J V 1-&TAE ON-uT ( IviHEN HI& PEAR RELATE-S., X STSE&M 5 ?A L I? T"H OF ALL HI& MONEY- J v -1 TO SAf A FEW ARE SO IFl NEEb- vJU&T FOfi.?6nTTI -1 WffiS) JA'LVJNO WObL& ITCtOTO?, (HE'STOOYl VJOR&S.TONNV. STNYVENT IP FOR NO OTHER. ronj & PS CB -l-J C X UIUJ6 nv- XRBAON rOUfcjH T T O BE f i JaSp't NOONEKMOW&A THINC ABOUT N(-S BUSINESS -HOW MUCH HE'S. MORE OF WHERE- HS. VALUABLE- PAPERS POOR MOTHER a worried To &EATN PETEYFurs Aren't a Fad at Palm Beach They're a Necessity By C. A. VOIGIIT Thu Sounir lady aciona tlio wV nn maiif linnntlv earned Ik tlin1 & only l.lnd really ortli halnR atul v- ali doean "e now anbody can '? bear to hae a Kroa Income n - - l MOVIXG PWTVItE Fl'X.XIES ?i V AT THE SAME The OLDtrST.FAMlL'ies ) yl ' J A Vmjlf W iWV H STiHEAIm ( WOM'T KlOTtcg A J ' trlW I 1 ? LMA1 1 TS" ?; SCENE: REGIMENTAL nOMNG MATCH. THE PADRE RErEREE THE TOOSERVILLE TROLLEY : : By hOSTMSE FOX SCHOOLDAYS : -: :- :- lly 1)VIG "jH Disgusted eeeund (a his man refuees to get upj-Don't count 'Ira iVl ' ATinCklY TU C CWlDPPR FVFR HAH C AlQiiiiW .vflBilillBB lr ?W9 ll ftlMWW ' ll K out sir. read the burial sen Ice! WT ACCIDENT iHt OAlrrCIS C.S Z.X TXIWJ &ilvly aBilHLLLLLLA ' l.'- WRW'ily 1V. "iSp ' different kinds of hunting r S P WAS WHEN THE TROkUEY SKIPPED , '3Btff' WWB&& -si A7 feviri J&2? f''l vvn-'aBB ,'P jtti jHLff "CAP" STUBBS-Tough Luck i T'" -:- " :' -- By EDWIN A -M -" ur t ! r j. r , v 4 1.. I wm l 11 Him 1 II BB ' IIJKmM ' 111 .A-f i JN 1 -t i fcSA k .9 . ".m . i riLI ' . ' . . . S. .'"". ' . ' ',' " , " H ' ',,.., , ti... v v t - .-"' ,J ,' .'"?frv- ' " idalitfVJ London Opinion, Applicant for maisonette In select suburb (hoping to impress house agent) "Any hunting In this district T" "Ye, sir, plenty ot bouse hunting!" " r .r , j ii 1 n9 - H.J 1 -Ml i-) f r iltlOTlfiti 'i iiiiTitilsiflll lili '1 ii""---"-i.J rWftLffiil,' ,i 1 . . n Amifil Vii ' ' it ,. " '. jkj;. r' ,."-. 'Hfv ..'-f,.- ' i .nUi -J tin J I tt '-uVt. | 41,286 |
https://github.com/LucaDillenburg/Educative-SQL-IDE/blob/master/DillenManagementStudio/DillenManagementStudio/FrmAllCommands.cs | Github Open Source | Open Source | BSD-3-Clause, BSD-2-Clause | 2,019 | Educative-SQL-IDE | LucaDillenburg | C# | Code | 290 | 966 | using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace DillenManagementStudio
{
public partial class FrmAllCommands : Form
{
protected FrmDillenSQLManagementStudio frmMain;
protected User user;
protected MySqlConnection mySqlConn;
protected const int FIRST_LABEL = 125;
public FrmAllCommands(User user, MySqlConnection mySqlConnection, FrmDillenSQLManagementStudio mainForm)
{
InitializeComponent();
this.frmMain = mainForm;
this.user = user;
this.mySqlConn = mySqlConnection;
this.PutCommandsLabel();
}
protected void PutCommandsLabel()
{
List<string> auxCommandList = this.user.AllSqlCommands;
List<string> commandList = new List<string>();
TextInfo textInfo = new CultureInfo("en-US", false).TextInfo;
for (int i = 0; i < auxCommandList.Count; i++)
commandList.Add(textInfo.ToTitleCase(auxCommandList[i]));
int height = FIRST_LABEL;
int y = FIRST_LABEL;
int qtdLabelEachColumn = (int)Math.Floor((decimal)commandList.Count/3) + (commandList.Count%3==0?0:1);
int lastQuoc = 0;
for(int i = 0; i<commandList.Count; i++)
{
int x;
int currQuoc = (int)Math.Floor((decimal)i/ qtdLabelEachColumn);
switch (currQuoc)
{
case 0:
x = 49;
break;
case 1:
x = 310;
break;
default:
x = 572;
break;
}
if(currQuoc != lastQuoc)
{
y = FIRST_LABEL;
lastQuoc = currQuoc;
}
y += this.PutNewLabel(commandList[i], x, y, i).Height + 5;
if (y > height)
height = y;
}
this.Height = height + 80;
this.MaximumSize = this.Size;
this.MinimumSize = this.Size;
}
protected Label PutNewLabel(string command, int x, int y, int index)
{
Label label = new Label();
label.AutoSize = true;
label.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Microsoft Sans Serif", 15.75F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(0)));
label.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(x, y);
label.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(127, 31);
label.TabIndex = 1;
label.Tag = index;
label.Text = (index + 1) + ". " + command;
label.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.labels_Click);
this.Controls.Add(label);
return label;
}
protected void labels_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
int codCmd = (int)((Label)sender).Tag;
try
{
new FrmCommandExplanation(codCmd, this.user, this.mySqlConn).Show();
}
catch(Exception err)
{
this.frmMain.User = null;
MessageBox.Show("Unicamp VPN was disconnected! This resource is not available anymore!");
this.Close();
}
}
}
}
| 30,789 |
https://github.com/GrantEmpire/ServiceHelpers/blob/master/SecurityTests/PublicServiceTests.cs | Github Open Source | Open Source | MS-PL | 2,019 | ServiceHelpers | GrantEmpire | C# | Code | 121 | 429 | using System;
using System.Text;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
using System.ServiceModel;
using DontPanic.Helpers;
namespace SecurityTests
{
[ServiceContract]
[PublicService()]
public interface IPublicService1
{
[OperationContract]
string TestMe(string input);
}
public class PublicService1 : ServiceBase, IPublicService1
{
public string TestMe(string input)
{
return input;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Summary description for PublicServiceTests
/// </summary>
[TestClass]
public class PublicServiceTests
{
[TestMethod]
public void PublicService_OpenOnly()
{
string uri = "http://localhost/servicehelpers/public";
using (var host = new ServiceHost(typeof(PublicService1), new Uri(uri)))
{
host.AddServiceEndpoint(typeof(IPublicService1), new WS2007HttpBinding(), uri);
host.Open();
}
}
[TestMethod]
public void PublicService_TestCall()
{
string uri = "http://localhost:8080/servicehelpers/public";
using (var host = new ServiceHost(typeof(PublicService1), new Uri(uri)))
{
host.AddServiceEndpoint(typeof(IPublicService1), new WS2007HttpBinding(), uri);
host.Open();
ProxyFactory factory = new ProxyFactory();
var proxy = factory.Proxy<IPublicService1>();
Assert.AreEqual("hi", proxy.TestMe("hi"));
}
}
}
}
| 5,573 |
https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilea%20bambusifolia | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Pilea bambusifolia | https://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pilea bambusifolia&action=history | Vietnamese | Spoken | 38 | 70 | Pilea bambusifolia là loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Tầm ma. Loài này được C.J. Chen miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1982.
Chú thích
Liên kết ngoài
Pilea
Thực vật được mô tả năm 1982 | 36,277 |
bub_gb_yA46uC8DguwC_3 | Italian-PD | Open Culture | Public Domain | 1,853 | Quattro giorni in Milano e suoi corpi santi aggiuntevi parziali escursioni ai luoghi piu notevoli, ai Laghi, al Varesotto, alla Brianza colle notizie piu ut ili al viaggiatore di Ignazio Cantu | Ignazio Cantù | Italian | Spoken | 8,069 | 15,177 | Su questa piazza nella Casa Crivelli, che fu poi Col- legio de’ Paggi, sotto il regno d’Italia fu eretto l’Istituto geografico, trasferito quindi a Vienna. Ora vi sta la Direzione delle Pubbliche Costruzioni, e vicina la Stam- peria reale. Segue più oltre la Via di S. Marta, ove nella Casa n. 5596 cessò di vivere l’ illustre medico Rasori. Sebbene di recente creazione è già de’ piu inerite- „ ' .. m v * Museo civico. voli in Italia. Questo Museo civico di storia naturale fondato da Gius. De’ Cristoforis c prof. Jan, è aumen- tato dal municipio e da private donazioni. Stanno nella Contrada del Cappuccio destinate al- L Scuole reali. l’istruzione popolare. Di fronte ad esse è bella la Casa n. 2908 appartenente al conte Pompeo Littu, illustra- tore delle celebri famiglie italiane. (1) I resti di questo monumento stanno parte nel palazzo di Brera e parte a Castellazzo dai Busca. Quattro giorni , tee- • 5 Digìtized by Google 66 PORTE TICINESE, LODOVICA E ROMANA. Un antico circo d’equitazione diè nome alla Madda- lena del Cerchio , e per essa arriviamo a S. Bernardino delle Monache , ove sta ancora il palazzo che Gaspare Visconti ornò dell’effigie de’ suoi maggiori. Pel Torchio dell’ Olio tornati al Carrobbio entriamo in S. Simonc, .indi al Ponte de’ Fabbri, che era una delle pustierle della città, fiancheggiata dai soliti Ter- raggi. Quando i Milanesi riedificarono la città, dopo la bat- taglia di Ponlida si valsero del cavaticcio della fossa (attuale naviglio) per girare un terrapieno sull’orlo interno del fossato, e fu chiamato terraggio. Costituiva esso la mura di Milano ed era aperta da tante porte e pustierle rinforzate da torri. Anche oggi tutta la parte fuori di questa periferia dicesi borgo. Perciò ora giungiamo al Borgo di S. Calocero, ove possiamo vedere l’Istituto dei Sordo-Muti n. 3057, gli alunni sono allevati ai mestieri, alla coltura, ai lavori. Nel successivo Borgo di S. Vincenzo in Prato sta la Casa d’industria n. 3048 , eretta nel 4 784 col titolo di Casa di Lavoro volontario, nel 4808 riformata in Casa d’ Industria per chi mancasse di lavoro. Rico- vera circa 400 tra donne, vecchi e fanciulli dere- litti. Inoltre accetta al lavoro in luogo più di 500 poveri, pel quale dà, se uomini 40 centesimi, se donne 31 al giorno. Ad altre 200 circa trasmette lavoro da eseguire a domicilio. Storia. L. Furio, console romano, per accaparrarsi il cielo contro i Galli Cisalpini , qui eresse, un tempio che fu poi chiesa cristiana» Beno Petronio da Berna- reggio, morto nel 4386, uni ad essa un convento che Digitized by Googl PORTE TICINESE, LODOVICA E ROMANA. 67 fu guasto dai Francesi nel 4515. Bartolomeo Locamo nel 1589 instituì in esso un Monte di pietà per pronto soccorso ai bisognosi. La Chiesa di S. Calocero fondata da S. Carlo nel 1 565, fu dipinta nel 1618 da Maggi e Giussani. Retrocediamo pel Ponte de’ Fabbri, S. Simone e Car- robbio ;e rientriamo nel Corso di Porta Ticinese. La Vetra ( platea vetus ) piazza antica , servi fino al 1814 alle esecuzioni capitali; oggi è mercato di’ erbe. È tagliata dalla Vettabbia ( vetus aqua ) su cui una linea di logge attesta la povertà del quartiere. La Colonna Infame, nota nei Promessi Sposi , era stata eretta all’angolo della Vetra de’ Cittadini sulla distrutta abitazione di Giacomo Mora, che con Gu-’ glieimo Piazza, abitante nel Torchio dell’Olio, era ac- cusato d’aver diffusa la peste nel 1650. Morirono ta- nagliati sulla Vetra, ivi bruciati, e le ceneri buttale nella Vettabbia. La colonna infamante fu distrutta dalla civiltà progredita, nel 1779. Chiesa di S. Lorenzo. A proposito di colonne noi ci vediamo avanti il più compiuto peristiìo che sia scampato dall’antichità. Sedici colonne corinzie scana- ' late, del più squisito gusto, col diametro di 53 pollici alla base. L’iscrizione del primo pilastro a Lucio Vero non ha relazione col resto ; quel pilastro vi fu ag- giunto dopo. È inesplicato finora- il nesso £ p nello zoccolo dell’ultima colonna. Erano parte del peristiìo delle terme di Massimiano Erculeo , di cui Ausonio cantava : Digitized by Google 68 PORTE TICINESE, LODOVICA E ROMANA. Et regio Herculei Celebris sub honore lavacri Cunctaqae marmoreis ornata perystila signis (*). Ricevevano questi bagni l’acqua da una vasca presso cui fu eretta la Chiesa di S. Michele alla Chiusa. Alle colonne succede un ampio cortile, indi la antica Basilica di S. Lorenzo. Esisteva essa neH’VIII secolo; abbruciata nel 1071, rifatta e ricaduta nel 1375, S. Carlo la fe’ ricostruire da Martino Bassi, che morì nel 4391 ad opera incompiuta. Sorprende l’ ardita costruzione interna , ottagona, con quattro lati a nicchjoni, e dop- pio ordine di colonne un sopra l’altro; e quattro lati in linea retta con allr’ordine di colonne su cui poggia la cupola, compimento all’edificio. Speciale riguardo vuol la Cappella di Sant’Aquilino per l’arca del martire costata 22 mila scudi ; per due pale d’altare sullo stile lombardo; per l’ingresso ricca- mente ornato ; per l’urna d’Ataitlfo e della sua cèlebre moglie Galla Placidia, figlia di Teodosio imperatore. Nella Cappella di S. Antonio, i freschi sono del Bianchi, Legnani, Molina, e Vimercati; merita uno sguardo il monumento Robiano del milletrecento. Nella Cappella del poscoro un quadro d’Èrcole Pro- caccini, un bel monumento a Giovanni Conti. 11 Gesù con S. Tommaso è bell’opera di G. B. della Cerva. Fu preposto di questa basilica Enea Silvio Piccolo- mini che divenne Pio li; nella canonica alloggiò S. Ber- nardo di Chiara valle nel TI 32, ma ne fuggi per sot- trarsi ai Milanesi che lo voleano loro vescovo. (I) E il paese celebre sotto l’ onore del bapno erculeo, e tutti i peristilii ornati di statue marmoree. Digitized by PORTE TICINESE, LODOVICA E ROMANA. (59 S. Maria della Vittoria. Usciti disotto l’arco for- tificato del ponte e piegando a destra vedremo la Chiesa detta Vittoria. *Fu eretta per memoria d’un trionfo dei Milanesi contro Lodovico il Bavaro che, assediandoci , volea impadronirsi qui d’aieuni mulini. Aveva dei ca- polavori del Rosa e dfcl Poussin, ma passarono alla pi- nacoteca di Brera, ed ora le resta uno Spirito Santo del Fiammenghino ed una Madonna di Camillo Pro- caccini, allato all’altar maggiore, sul quale prospetta in marmo il bel bassorilievo del Somaini. ll cardinale Omo- deo, che avea una sorella fra le monache dell’unito con- vento, nel 1669 rimodernò la chiesa con maestoso disegno del Mangone. Degli Omodei restano ancora le quattro piramidi angolari. Borgo di Viarenna, via all’arena che dovea essere in capo a questa strada. Si vada a vedere il primo esempio di conche che tanto si generalizzarono in Europa, costruita da Leonardo da Vinci per ordine di Lodovico il Moro nel 1476. Borgo di Cittadella. Il tratto del Corso fra il ponte e la porla Ticinese è detto Cittadella per la fortezza eretta dal console Marcello, e distrutta dal Barbarossa. A capo di esse, n. 5658, stavano un tempo le Scuole Marone fondate nel 1666 da G. B. Marone per 50 poveri ragazzi, come dice la lapide in S. Eustorgio. Piazza di S. Eustorgio. A queste scuole era attiguo il Convento de’Domenicani, ora caserma, che eseguirono qui i decreti della furibonda Inquisizione, e che furono poi continuati sulla Piazza delle Grazie. Dalla cattedra che sta sull’angolo fra il convento e la chiesa predicò S. Pietro martire, a cui venne eretto Digitized by Google 70 POpTE TICINESE, LODOVICA E ROMANA. una statua che figura ancora dinanzi alia facciata di questa chiesa.. Riesce su questa piazza anche la Contrada di S. Piélro in Scaldasole modernamente abbellita. Chiesa di S. Eustorgio. Fondata nel secolo IV , ri- siaurata nel XVII dal Richini 'sopra disegno già da 400 anni iucominciato dall’architetto Tosano, detto il Lombardino; ha bellissima torre compiuta nel 1509. Di dentro tre navi. A destra. I. a Cappella disegnala da Bramante ; ricco Mausoleo del 1456 a Giacomo Stefano Brivio; sull’al- tare pitture del Borgognone in tre compartimenti. II. a Cappella, pitture del Fiammenghino, sull’altare; monumento del 1416 a Pietro Torelli, ufficiale di Fi- lippo Maria Visconti. * III. * Cappella del Rosario, ricca di marmi e d’oro, è dovuta all’architetto Francesco Croce nel 1753. IV. a Cappella, il S. Tommaso d’Aquino, bella tavola del Duellino; monumento gotico notabilissimo di Stefano, ultftnogcnito di Matteo Visconti, morlo*ii 5 luglio 1327. V. a Cappella, nulla contiene di menzionarle in modo speciale. VI. ® Cappella, il S. Giovanni del Fratazzi, monumento di Gaspare e Agnese Visconti, fondatori della cappella. VII. ® Cappella, eretta dall’arcivescovo Cassone Tor- nano, il Santo Titolare è del Duchino. Nel capocroce destro il Mausoleo del quattrocento di Federico Maggi vescovo di Brescia nel 1335. L’ Aliar maggiore, eretto sulle tombe dei nostri ve- scovi Magno ed Eustorgio, serba la bizzarra Passione donala dal duca Galeazzo Visconti, intagliata in marmo Digitized by Google PORTE TICINESE, LODOVICA. E ROMANA. 71 bianco cui furon aggiunte montagne di tuiTo, e il Pa- ziente e altre figure di santi. Sovra esso ergesi la vòlta del coro adornata dal Civerchio, e da Ercole Procaccini. Sarcofago de’ Magi. Attribuiscono a S. Eustorgio la traslazione a noi dei cadaveri de’ Magi, nel secolo IV. A noi furono rapiti dall’ Arcivescovo di Colonia a’ tempi che il Barbarossa distrusse Milano , e li portò nella sua chiesa di. Colonia, dove sono venerati tuttora. Ora ci vediamo qui innanzi il vuoto sarcofago. Il di dell’Epifania facevasi qui in antico una bizzarra festa analoga ai Magi. ’ _ Scurolo. Il sottocoro mette alla Cappella che il ricco fiorentina Pigello Portinari dedicò nel 1462 a S. Pietro Martire. È disegno di Michelozzo, scolaro di Donatello; ne dipinse la vòlta Ercole Procaccini; Storer e Ghe- rardini i fianchi dell’altare. Giovanni Balducci, pisano nel 4339 lavorò l’arca del Santo. La Cappella laterale a sinistra è frescata da Daniele Crespi. Sagrestia. Due epitafi del grecista Emanuele Criso- lora, e dello storico Giorgio Merula ricordano il loro deposito presso la sagrestia. Nella quale stanno molti quadri lasciati dal citato G. B. Maroni. Lato, sinistro. Nella Cappella al fianco sinistro del- l’altar maggiore il Crocifisso è tavola di stile greco ; mo- numenti de’ Visconti, Crivelli. Terz’ ultima Cappella, bello il S. Pietro Martire di Camillo Procaccini e prima’ di esso’ la statua di Bene- detto XI papa, che fu dell’ordine Domenicano. A destra sulla piazza di S. Eustorgio sorgeva la Chie- setta di S. Barnaba al fonte , che la mania del Digitized by Google 72 PORTE TICINESE, LODOVICA E ROMANA. nuovo tramutò in casa privata n. 5691. Fu qui dove il greco Barnaba co’ suoi diaconi Anatalone c Cajo 4-6 anni dopo Cristo celebrò la prima messa, e nel vi- cino fonte fece i primi battesimi, onde alla via che ra- senta il poscoro di S. Eustorgio resta ancora il nome di Borgo di S. Crocè 0). Porta Ticinese. Fin da quando i Re Longobardi se- devano in Pavia era dalla porta Ticinese che faceano il loro solenne ingresso in Milano, re, principi e arcive- scovi. Fra le più solenni entrate ricordansi quelle di Francesco Sforza, 25 marzo 1450; di Luigi XII di Francia, 2 ottobre 1499 e 24 maggio 1507, del suo successore Francesco I 1’ 11 ottobre 1515; di Carlo V il 10 maggio 1535, di Bonaparte nel 1800 vincitore di Marengo. Il festeggiato smontava a S. Eustorgio che era allora fuori di città; e trionfalmente venia con- dotto a Milano sotto baldacchino portato da’ dottori. Or fuor del cancello sopra il Ponte del Naviglio er- gesi l’atrio che il Cagnola dedicava nel 1815 Paci po- pulorum sospitae , magnifico compimento dei due ca- sini laterali dello stesso architetto. 11 .Borgo di S. Gottardo ha «nome dalla chiesa di recente abbellita. È una lunga linea di case, con molti depositi di cacio. In fondo ad esso piegando a. manca si va al Cimitero, cominciato durante la peste del 1524 che gli tributò 12000 defunti. Molti ve ne aggiunse la peste del 1530. Fra gli illustri vi dormono il chi- mico Porati, il naturalista ‘Ermenegildo Pini, il pitlor Bossi riparatore della Cena di Vinci. Sulla piazza fuori (i) Nel Borgo di S. Croce un Ricovero di Pericolate diretto dalle Suore della Carità, ed un asilo di Lattanti. Digitized by Google POJRTE TICINESE, LODOVICA E ROMANA. 75 di Porta Ticinese si ha un giornaliero mercato di vini, di legne, grani e legumi. Navigli. Qui Si ponno d’un tratto vedere il Navi- glio grande, che proviene dal Ticino , il Naviglio della Martcsana dal Lago di Como, e il Naviglio di Pavia che trasmette al Po le acque di quei due canali. Co- minciò il primo col Tioinello fino ad Abbiategrasso e e di là, nel 1257, il pode*stà Beno de’Gozzadini lo trasse sotto Milano. Ma accusalo di mangerie fu dal popolo annegato nello stesso Naviglio da lui scavato. Invece il governator Spagnuolo de’ Fuentés , buttato tempo e danaro «senza riuscita innalzò a sè.»il trofeo a capo del naviglio di Pavia come fosse stato compiuto da lui quel lavoro, che fu terminato invece appena nel secolo presente. Qui potremo vedere anche l’Ofona che dà nome e abbondanza al territorio milanese. Il disegno delle nostre gite ci fa rientrare in città, per la medesima Porta Ticinése, risalire il Corso sino al naviglio, piegare sulla riva a destra, lasciar il Ponte delle Pioppette, il Mulino delle Armi; e l’antico Con- vento della Vettabbia, per arrivare al Ponte di‘S. Celso. PORTA LODOVICA. . N A. Madonna di S. Celso. « C. Chiesa di S. Paolo. B. Locale di S. Luca. D. Sant’ Eufemfa. Era qui una volta la pustierla di Sant’Eufemia, che Lodovico il Moro, chiamò porta Lodovica , e che nel- l’ambito nuovo delle mura andò a trovarsi dove è al presente. Digitized by Google 74 PORTE TICINESE, LODOVICA E ROMANA. Vogliono che sant’Ambrogio segnasse con un pila- stro, improntato d’una Madonna, il luogo ove furono martirizzati i Santi Nazzaro e Celso. Intorno a quest’im- magine il duca Filippo Maria Visconti nel 1429 alzò la chiesetta di S. Celso, e presto venne in tal fama che colje limosine raccolte G. Galeazzo Sforza costrusse il vi- cino tempio della Madonna presso S. Celso. Madonna Sorgeva nel 1491 con disegno di Bramante, s. ceis*. il vestibolo ornato assai anche all’estprno ha su tre lati un portico sostenuto da pilastri con capitelli in bronzo. La maestosa facciata della Chiesa, troppo fra- stagliata del perugino Alessi, mal s’accoppia colla sem- plicità del cortile. Bell’opera d’AnnibaJe Fontana sono le due Sibille sedute sul frontone della porta , i Profeti, gli Angioli del fastigio, il bassorilievo raffigurante la Presentazione del Tempio; sono di Stoldo Lorenzi l’Adamo, l’Èva, l’Annunciazione^ i mezzorilievi, i Magi, e la Fuga in Egitto. Nè minor pregio è nei festoni e negli ornati in bronzo. Per cinque porte si entra sotto le tre navate , di- sposte a* guisa di croce. Presso due statue del Fontana e sopra cariatidi del Bassi fu disegnalo l’organo dal Zanoja. La Chiesa ha pregevoli pitture. A destra. I." Cappella, ok sgombrata dell’altare, la Deposizione dalla croce di G. C. Procaccini e 9 fianco due pitture del Panfilo con in alto Angeli del Cerano. Nella II. a Del Procaccini medesimo ij Martirio dei SS. Nazzaro e Celso sopra un antico Sarcofago del IV secolo colle spoglie dei Santi Cirino, Celso, Basilide e Naborre. Digitized by Googl PORTE TICINESE, LODOVICA E ROMANA. 71) Nella III.® Cappella del Crocifisso si ha pure qualche buon dipinto. Nella IV. a 11 Battesimo di Cristo, opera di Gaudenzio colla vòlta d’Antonio Campi. _ Nel Cappellone successivo il S. Girolamo è la più bella opera di Paris Bordone; suo anche il San Rocco sotto la palla, e i Profeti in alto; il resto d’Antonio Campi. • L’Aitar maggiore, ricco di pietre preziose, bronzi do-, rati, ha il tempietto disegnato dal Canonica; il Salva- tore di Pacetti, gli Angioli di Cacciatori. L’Altare della Madonna fu architettato dal Bassi ; la Vergine, le colonne in lamine d’«rgento , la Pietà in oro posta nella base della Madonnifltono opere di Anni- baie Fontana, che è sepolto qui in faccia; da Giulio Cesare Procaccini furono scolpiti i due Angioletti che sorreg- gono alla Madonna la corona d’ oro brillantata , dono del Capitolo del Valicano. Stupendi stalli intagliò nel coro il milanese maestro Bonza sopra disegni dell’Alessi.. Dall'antro chiamano ai moderno gli Evangelisti nei pennacchi della cupola e i quattro Dottori negli emi- cicli inferiori: anche soli basterebbero a immortalar * • il nome d’Andrea Appiani che li dipinse nel Ì797. Poscoro. Di molti altari didatti per dar agio al po- scorot. restano ancora le tele ; ma la scarsa luce impe- disce vederne il pregio. Di A. Campi una Risurrezione; di Carlo Urbino un vescovo S. Renato, un’ Assunta con Angioli, e un Cristo che si congeda dalla Madre; del Ce- rano una S. Caterina della Ruota; di Calisto da Lodi un S. Girolamo; e suoi anche i freschi della vòlta supe- Digitized by Google 76 PORTE TICINESE, I.ODOVICA E ROMANA. riore e delia cappella seguente sotto cui il S. Paolo è del Moretto di Brescia. Sinistra. Nel Cappellone l’Assunta, è debole lavoro di Camillo Procaccini. Poi la Santa Caterina da Siena che bacia il costato a Cristo è quadro affettuoso del Gherardini. Nell’altare della Madonna del Pianto all’antico fre- ,-sco il Panfilo sovrappose la Gloria degli Angioli. , Nell’ultima Cappella del Borgognone è la tavola in legno. Compiono il pregio di questo tempio l’ Annuncia- zione e la S. Elisabetta del Campi, la Sacra Famiglia del Montalto che sq§o in una delle Sagrestie ( 1 ). Si veda l’annesso^ralorio di §. Celso esistente fin dal IV secolo, a cui l’Arcivescovo Landolfo il da Carcano nel 992 unì un’abbadia di canonici regolari. D' antico conserva il coro, la porta e lapidi. B s* J Lu'ca d ' S'à ospedale per gli esposti fondato nel 815 dal- l’Arcivescovo Alberto; indi monastero di Cistercensi; poi da| 1801 al 1859 collegio militare, ideato dal ge- nerale Theullié , conteneva cinquanta giovinetti gra- tuiti e cinquanta paganti. Dal 1859 al 1848 servi di scuola di cadetti.. • ' m Fuor di Porta Lodovica operosi laboratorj prepa- rano il gas per l’illugiinazione della città. I gasonie- tri sono del marsigliese Filippo Taylor; i regolarci di r Cl.ie-a .li Cle8g ' s. Paolo. ' Retrocedendo, superato il Ponte e lasciato- a si- nistra il Terraggia di S. Pietro in Campo Lodigiano (l) Fu trasferito a Vienna il gran musaiao di Raffaeli, rappresen- tante la Cena di Leonardo da Vinci che era in questa sagrestia. I Digitized by Google PORTE TICINESE, LODOVICA E ROMANA. 77 che ricorda il quartiere di quei di Lodi combattenti insieme al Barbarossa contro i Milanesi, a sinistra su- periamo' la Casa Barbò n. 4335 distinta per le effigie domestiche, e vediamo la splendida Chiesa di S. Paolo , già unita ad uh monastero d’ Angeliche fondato nel 1535 dalla contessa Torella di Guastalla. È questa chiesa il capolavoro del Cerano, rarissimo ingegno che qui appare sotto il triplice aspetto di ar- chitetto, scultore e pittore. Il Cerano valendosi d’un piano proposto dall’ Alessio, fece quasi tutto di suo , interamente la parte esterna. Nella facciata tenne ordinatissima distribuzione, mal- grado la sovrabbondanza de’ fregi. Nc intagliò egli stesso i bassorilievi; ma del Lasagni sono gli Angioli, del Vi- smara la Conversione di S. Paolo, del Biffi c del Bono gli emblemi ne’ due bordi. Di dentro la navata e il fìnto coro sono dipinti dai fratelli Campi, cosi della esterna come dell’interna chiesa, non separati fra loro che per mezzo di muro a cui poggia l’Altar maggiore. Destra. I.° Altare, Vergine e Santi dèi Cerano. II.® » S. Lorenzo e le altre pitture d’An- tonio Campi. HI.® » La Decollazione del Battista. IV. ° » La Vergine col Bimbo e S. Giu- seppe di Giulio Campi. V. ® » S. Pietro di Bernardino Campi. VI. ® » S. Simone del Salmeggia. Sant' Eufemia, fondata nel V secolo da S. Senatore Sjnl . E ^ femiil che vi è sepolto, era una delle case decumane, ove rac- coglievansi le decime. Ricostruita al principio del XVII Digìtized by Google 78 PORTE TICINESE, LODOVICA E ROMANA. * secolo, meriterebbe poca attenzione se non avesse quel vestibolo jonico, bellissimo nella sua semplicità, e qual- che buona pittura: La Vergine col Bimbo c &. Cate- rina, tavola Leonardesca; la Vergine con Santi e Sante, di Marco d’Óggiono; la Sant’Eufemia, quadro Tiziane- sco; la Presentazione al Tempio, bel quadro d’ignoto pennello. Su d’un Monastero d’Agostiniane, chiamate di S. Maria Maddalena, qui poste nel 4494, e passate poi nella con- trada detta della Maddalena sorse, con disegno del- l’Ingegnere Tatti, la vasta Casa Berretta n. 4292; su d’un altro Convento di Disciplini s’alzò l’altra vasta Casa Baiassi il. 4224. Opera di G. Pietro Lasagna sopra disegno del Ce- rano è la S. Elcna sulla colonna all’ingresso della Ru- gabella. s Conta la sua storia jfnche. la Rugabella. A destra nella Casa già Sfondrato nacque Papa Gregorio XIV ; nella successiva, che era de’Borromei, nacque l’illustre cardinale Federigo Borromeo ; teneale dietro il Palazzo del maresciallo Trivulzio di cui resta ancora una parte. È celebre la festa che il maresciallo diede in questa casa a Luigi XII di Francia. Digitized by Google PORTE TICINESE, LODOVICA E ROMANA. 79 S 0 x ‘corso di porta romana. A. Il Corso di P. Romana. B. Basilica di S. Nazzaro. C. Antiche sculture della Porta Romana. m D. Oratorio di S. Carlo. E. Santa Sofia.. • F. S. Calimero. G. Teatro- Cercano. H. Casa Pertusati. I. Chiesa del Paradiso. L. Collegio Calco-TaeggL M. La Commenda. N. La Porta Romana. * O. Luoghi suburbani. P. Armeria Uboldi. Q. Storia. R. S. Gio. Laterano. S. Casa dei Qani e S. Gio. in Conca. T. Liceo di S. Alessandro. V. Contrada de’ Nobili. Eccoci sul Corso di Porta Romana. Minore spesa avrebbe dato qui un passeggio più regolare di quello di Porta Orientale e diritto dalla porta della città fino alla Biblioteca Ambrosiana. Con altre poche demolizióni si sarebbe potuto rettificare poi fino alla Piazza de’Mer- canti, seguitar per la Corsia del Giardino, e compiere in tal modo il più lungo Corso che si conosca. Uscendo di Rugabella abbiamo a sinistra la Casa An- noili n.° 4204, imaginosa creazione del Richini a cui crescono pregio i quadri di Rubens, Cesare da Sesto, Wandick, Poussin, e i vetri storici di Berlini. In essa abitò e mori l’illustre Pietro Moscati. In faccia è VAl- bergo Reichmann n. 4205, con pitture del Luino. Sulla stessa linea , superata la Contrada Velasca aperta dal governatore Fernando Velasquez per age- volare il Corso di Porta Romana, troviamo la Casa Mel- ario n. 4255, disegno di Simon Cantoni; c la via mozza di faccia che mette af Teatro Lentasio , già chiesetta di Benedettine stabilite dell’arcidiacono Lentasio. .4. II Corso di P.* Romano. Digitized by Google 80 PORTE TICINESE, LODOVICA E ROMANA. lì. Basilica d» La Basilica di S. Nazzaro, eretta da S. Ambrogio sulle . S. Niinaro. .... .. ruine d un antico teatro, era compresa nel pomerio vescovile. Guasta dal fuoco nel 107o, fu ristorata con archf assai tesi, ma robusti, si che dopo tanti secoli non soffersero alcun danno. L’abbellì S. Carlo. • Il vestibolo ottagono prepostole neM$18 del mare- sciallo G. G. Trivulzio, ha negH otto spicchi i Monu- menti dello stesso maresciallo, che mai non riposò (qui nunquam quievit),’ e come dice l’iscrizione della sua famiglia: La Basilica è d una sola nave a croce latina. Le due braccia architettate del Buzzi nel 1653, basterebbero da solq a far due chiese. I restauri praticativi dal Pesta- galli nel 1832, sagrificarono molti freschi del Cerano, Procaccini, Lanzani, a cui riparò in parte Vital Sala, ornando la cupola e i pennacchi. A destra. I.® e II.® Cappella vedi i più bei vetri an- tichi che s’abbiano a Milano, creduti di Luca d’Olanda. Nel Cappellone la tela è di Carlo Cani. A sinistra. Nel Cappellone figurano vetri del Bertini e la Cena del Lanino. Ma di questo pittore la più grand’opera è nell’at- tiguo Oratorio di Santa Caterina della Ruota, eretto nel 1360 e riedificato nel 1540 alla bramantesca. Ivi il Lanino fresco riccamente la Martire gloriosa. D’ignoto ma valente autore è il vicino intaglio l’Adorazione de’Magi. • Furono sepolti in S. Nazzaro gli arcivescovi Vene- rio Oldrati , morto nel 408; Marolo, nel 423; Glicc- rio Landriani, nel 438 ; Lazaro Beccardi, nel 449; ono- rati del titolo di santi ; inoltre f;li arcivescovi Anfredo, morto nel 742; Angilberto Pusterla, nel 859; Arde- Dìgitized by Google PORTE TICINESE, LODOVICA E ROMANA. 81 rico Colla, nel 948; inoltre il canonico Torri, autore del Ritratto di Milano; il celebre medico Lodovico Set- tata, nominato anche nei Promessi Sposi; i poeti Carlo Maggi e Domenico Balestrieri (*)• Nell’annessa canonica soggiornò S. Domenico. Ora vi sono Scuole e Asili per l’ infanzia. < t D’ una chiesetta a Sant'Agata che era sulla piazza non v’è più vestigio. i Restano invece i rozzi bassorilievi nella fascia delia Casa n. 4640. Ricordano tempi eroici di Milano : uno raffigura l’esular dei Milanesi, dopo distrutta dal Bar- barossa la loro patria. Vi sta scritto: Fata vetant ultra procedere stabimus ergo ( 2 ). — Un’altra presenta il loro ritorno. Brescia, Bergamo, Cremona vi sono indicate, e le parole : Ilio. Mcdiolano lapso, dum forte resurgit, sup- posuere manus... factum declarat amicos ; dansDeus aut tollens reddens esto benedictus, Mediolanenses psalimus: ecce libi nostra Deus urbe recepta ; e sotto: Cremona, Brixia, Bergomum ; e più avanti: Frat. Jacobo < 3 ). Nel terzo il Sancì. Ambrosius Arriani accenna ad un com- battimento fra il nostro Patrono e i discepoli d’Ario. Sono tutti lavori d’Anselmo Alle, che ha l’umiltà di chiamarsi secondo Dedalo ( Dedalus alter ) ! La scul- tura dalle gambe incrocicchiate col drago fra esse e che dà sul naviglio, raffigura uno scherno al Barbarossa, (1) Le Disquisilionts Nasariance sono una dottissima illustra- zione di questa Basilica, fatta da Gio. Pietro Puricelli.. (2) I destini non ci lasciano andar più oltre, fermiamoci dunque. (3) Qui alla caduta di Milano, mentre validamente risorge, Cre- mona, Bergamo, Brescia diedero mano ; l’ajuto le dichiara «mici ; Dio che dai e che togliendo restituisci, sii benedetto. Noi milanesi cantiamo : ecco per opera tua risorta, o Dio, la nostra città. — Fra Jacopo serve di banderaio. Quattro giorni , tee. 6 C. Antiche «cul- ture della P. Renana. Digìtized by Google D. Oratorio <ii S. Cario. K. S.’ Sofìa. S. Calimero. G. Teatro Car r ano. 82 • PORTE TICINESE, LODOVICA E nOMANA. . . V * ia vicina lapide e caratteri gotici ricorda i nomi dei dieci consoli, per ordine dei quali la Porta Romana fu qui eretta da Gherardo Castagneta nel 1171, e che re- stò fino alla metà del secolo scorso. Lucrino Visconti l’aveva rinvigorita di due torri, una delle quali servi di carcere a Margherita Pusterla , e s’univa per una lunga galleria al suo palazzo a S. Giovanni in Conca. Chi volesse far qualche passo a mancina lungo il naviglio, vedrebbe il bel moderno Oratorio di S. Carlo, che serve ad istruzione cristiana e ricreazione festiva de’ ragazzi , disegno del Tazzini ; con quadro di Vital Sala. Ma divergiamo alla destra del ponte. Santa Sofia ricorda un antico lanificio degli Umi- liati sulla cui ruina S. Carlo pose dopo' la peste del 1576 un orfanotrofio. Alla cura di esso entrarono le Salesiane nel 1715 per le quali la marchésa Modroni Visconti, su d’un sozzo luogo detto la Sostra del Trino, eresse nel 1716, con disegno del Quarantino Pattuale Monastero. Bella e moderna è la chiesetta. Le Sale- siane vi tengono anche educande. Dietro ad esso serve agli usi militari il già Monastero di S. Apollinare che fu la prima Casa di Francescane aperta fra noi (1222) migliorata assai dalla duchessa Bianca Sforza. S. Calimero conserva le ossa del titolare, gli istrii- menti e il pozzo del suo martirio. La chiesa rico- struita dal Richini ha un bell’Altar maggiore, un bel l’Angelo Custode di Carlo Cani, e la lapide del Tem- pesta pittore morto nel 1701. Proseguendo sul Corso arrestiamoci al Teatro Car- Digitized by Google PORTE TICINESE, LODOVICA E ROMANA. 83 cono, eretto nel 1805 dal Canonica sulle ruine d’un Monastero di S. Lazzaro. Era qui il vasto Arco Ro- mano eretto dal console Marcello ; torre tutta in pie- tre su quattro solidi pilastri , con camerotti nei varii ripiani. Si collocò in esso un presidio nel 1158 con- tro al Barbarossa. Ma una catasta di legna sottopo- stavi dagli Alamanni e accesa obbligò i nostri ad abban- donarla e allora la torre servì a’Tedeschi per arietare la Porta Romana. Fu poi ruinata colla distruzione di Milano nel 1162. E sulla sua area sorse un Ospedal dèi leprosi di S. Lazzaro. Le sale e il vasto giardino di Casa Periusati n.° 4453, accoglievano un tempo la pacifica famiglia degli Arcadi, protetti dal cónte Carlo Pertusati presidente del Senato, e dal conte Francesco Pertusati, noto alla letteratura ascetica. Ora il giardino è uno delle più pregevoli an- tologie botaniche e la casa ha una raccolta preziosa di quadri veneti, bolognesi e fiamminghi. Alla colonna di S. Calmiero il Corso bipartendosi, manda il ramo secondario pel Borgo Vigentino. Qui a manca Santa AÌaria al Paradiso eretta nel 1482, ha nella vòlta una medaglia di Ferdinando Porta, nel coro pitture di Camillo Procaccini e un S. Isidoro del Ci- -gnaroli. L’ unitovi Convento de’ Serviti contiene ora un’ operosa fabbrica di stoffe. Le Scuote Calchi, in Borgonovo, e le Taeggi che erano in S. Simone si fusero nel già Convento di Domeni- cane fondato da Zelo Foramagno per consiglio di San Bernardo, - favorite molto da Lodovico il Moro e da Luigi XII di Francia. Il Collegio or postovi è detto Calco-Taeggi ; tutto il locale vi fu rimodernato con di- segno del Moraglia. II. Casa l'er- l u sali. /. Chiosa del Paradiso. L. Colle- gio Calco- Xaeggi- Digitized by Googl M. La Cora (Alida. * .V La Porla Romàna. O. Luoghi "■uburbani. 84 PORTE TICINESE, LODOVICA E ROMANA. Il ramo primario del Corso lascia a manca la Com- menda maltese, già ricchissima, eretta nel 1470 a prio^ rato. Ora serve ad ippodromo. In questo luogo appunto il Barbarossa aveva posto il suo padiglione. A S. Pietro de’ Pellegrini, ospizio fondato da Bernabò Visconti , e le cui rendite furono poi date agli orfa- nelli, poteano i visitatori de’Santuarii per due giorni aver alloggio e nutrimento. Sorse dalle fondamenta sopra disegno dei Rovaglia il vasto CaseggiatoBinda n. 4559, ove sta la più operosa fabbrica di bottoni che finora lavori in Italia. Dà ali- mento a quattrocento operai. Della Chiesa di S. Rocco, già parrocchiale, nulla più resta, distrutta per dirizzare il Corso; stava presso alla Dogana. Il Monte Tabor è un avanzo delle antiche fortificazioni. La milizia di questo quartiere aveva uno stendardo tutto rosso. La Porta Romana servi all’ingresso di varii Sovrani. V’entrò Luigi XII di Francia al l.° luglio 1509 re- duce dalla battaglia d’Agnadello; v’ etitrò Francesco I suo successore l’H ottobre 1515 dopo iFtrionfo di Mari- gnano; e Carlo V il 22 agosto 1541. Per di qui entra- rono i Francesi nel 1796 con Bonaparte. Era allora una portacela, finché per onore di Mar- gherita d’Austria che venia sposa a Filippo 111 di Spa- gna, fu nel 1598 con disegno di Marlin Bassi rimoder- nata in pietra e in ordine corinzio. L’ampio stradone romano è orlato per qualche tratto da allee diritte e dal Redefosso che serve a scaricar il soverchio delle acque del naviglio, e per un alveo di 45,000 braccia unendosi alla Vettabbia, s’ avvia verso Melegnano e sbocca nel Lambro. Digìtized by Google I J ■ PORTE TICINESE, LODOVICA E ROMANA. 85 Nél Cimitero , or disusato, stanno sepolti il medico ' Monteggia , lo scenografo Perego , il poeta Vassalli. L'annessa Chiesa di S. Rocco rammenta le vittime della peste del 1630. - Sta poco scosto da qui Vigentino, che con S. Siro alla Vepra, Carraria e Noceto, fu uno de’qiiattro villaggi in cui i Milanesi, spatriali dal Barbarossa, gemettero dalla distruzione al risorgimento della loro città , cioè dal 25 marzo 1162 al 7 aprile 1167, periodo de’ piu in- calcolabili dolori. Cosi abbiamo percorso un tratto della città che non p.. manca di pregi speciali. Ora retrocedendo dalla pas- dì]" 13 seggiata e risalendo di nuovo il Corso, avremo agio di vedere qualche altra particolarità. Per esempio la ri- spettabile Armeria Uboldi in via del Pantano n.° 4690; raccolta preziosa d’armature di tutti i tempi, fra cui brigandine appartenenti ad Àmadeo VI di Savoja , e a Bartolomeo Colleoni ; unà gran serie di elmi e di scudi , e accompagnate da una raccolta assai pregevole di quadri e marmi d’artisti viventi i Fraccaroli, Mar- chesi, Baruzzi, Ferrari scultore, e Hayez, Lipparini , Azeglio, Gonin, Servi, Molteni pittori. Sulla medesima via la Casa Taccioli n.° 4711, pos- siede bei lavori di Hayez. Questa contrada del Pantano, e la laterale del Pos ± q. stona. laghetto, accennano a certi fangacci, che già erano in questi siti. 1 * Il vicino crocicchio del Bottonulo, già Bottinugo, ri- corda una delle porte dell’antica città; fu assalito dal Barbarossa, nel 1158, ma a suo danno. Delle altre vie che sboccano in questo luogo, la Contrada Larga Digitized by Google 86 PORTE TICINESE, LODOVICA E ROMANA. serviva anticamente al Corso; quella di Chiavava Ile rammenta un convento di Benedettine. In essa una im- magine d’Èrcole Procaccini ricorda come questa via andò salva dalla peste del 1650. In essa è pure la Casa Venini n. 4756, che è al primo piano, disegno del Bramante; all’ordine superiore fu rimodernata. La Via di S. Gio. in Guggivalo trae il nome dalla somiglianza che il cam- panile di quella distrutta chieda aveva con un agoraio. s. Giovanni Noi proseguendo pel Canloncello lasciando a destra Lucrano. | a Contrada del Pesce , già chiamata d e'Bindelleri per- chè v’abitavano i fabbricatori di nastri, potremo ve- dere la Chiesa di S. Gio. Luterano, titolo che essa ebbe da Leon X insieme alle indulgenze delle Chiese sta- zionali di Roma. Edificio anteriore al 1588, riedificata nel 1654 per elemosina di Goffredo Busserò; la De- collazione sulla facciata jonica è di Carlo Bono. Le Guide dicono che didentro fu sepolto Ercole Procac- cini pittore, ma invece egli fu depositato nella chiesa di S. Angelo. s.- La casa Quindi per la Contrada de'Moroni , già detta de’Scf- s. gìo" 1 in tata da nota famiglia che v’abitava, arriviamo ad uno de’ punti più storici della città. La vastissima casa, che sta sull’angolo di questa fu ricostruita dal Chiappa in analoga architettura , adorna di busti dei Visconti e di teste di cani; era la casa privata di Luebino e di Bernabò Visconti. Un portico correa da questo luogo fino alle torrette di Porta Romana, un altro corridojo sopra i tetti attaccava questa casa col palazzo ducale, segreta via pei duchi a cui l’aria libera polea essere nociva. È detta appunto ancor oggi la Casa de’ Cani pei cinquemila mastini che Bernabò qui educava alla cac- cia, e allo strazio delle vittime. Digitized by Google I :■ . • ( PORTE TICNESE, LODOVICA E ROMANA. 87 Compresa nel ricinto di questa abitazione era allora b Chiesa di S, Giovanni in Conca, or malamente ri- dotta a servigi tutti profani. Data poi da Francesco II Sforza ai Carmelitani, questi eressero il campanile su cui sta oggi la specola postavi, dall’illustre Moscati. La chiesa conserva ancora la sua porta longobardica, la sua navata, i suoi altari ; ma il monumento che vi era di Bernabò Visconti e di sua moglie Regina Sca- ligera qui sepolti, fu trasportalo a Brera colle pitture che qui erano del Lanino, e del Montalto. ‘ La Casa Sforza n. 4129 sta pure su questa piazza, ornata ancora dei ritratti di Tito e Trajano. Succede la Casa Erba-Odescalchi , n.° 5995, archi- tettata dal Pellegrini, adorna dei busti degli Imperatori romani.. • . - . - . ' Nel Liceo di S. Alessandro n. 4129, un ricco Gabi- netto di fìsica dovuto in parte al Raccagni; un Museo di Storia Naturale fondato da Ermenegildo Pino; un' Elaboratolo chimico meritano speciale riguardo. Ai pro- fessori di questo Liceo vengono innalzati monumenti. Quest’onore ebbero da ultimi il De Cristoforis poeta e storico ; il Ravizza moralista. Seguitando per la Via de' Nobili, superando il mas- siccio Palazzo Cicogna in cui mori nel 1859 il noto economista Giuseppe De Welz di Como, autore della Magia del Cambio, entriamo nelle Contrade del Falcone e del Cappello, lasciando a destra i Visconti, a sinistra le Vie della Dogana e del Rebecchino e per la Via de’ Cap- pellai , dai nostri maggiori detta de’ Berrettai, giun- giamo alla meta di questa terza gita e ci troviamo sulla Piazza del Duomo. T. Lireo di S. Alessan- dro. li. Coni rad) de’ Nobili. Digitized by Google A. CorduJio. I : \ L PORTA ('OMASI VA E PORTA MUOVA. À. Cordusio. B. Santa Maria Segreta. C. Il Palazzo del Broletto. D. S. Tomaso in Terra Mala. E. S. Nazzaro in Pietrasanta. F. Via del Lauro. C. Il Ponte Vetro. H. Il Carmine. I. Corso di Porta Comasina. L. S. Sempliciano. M. L’Incoronata. JV. La Porta Comasina. 0. Luoghi suburbani. Riserbiamo la terza passeggiata ad uno de’ quartieri dell’ antica Milano. Ci recheremo dal Duomo al Cor- dusi o, corruzione di Curia Duci», corte d’uno dei du- chi longobardi, che governarono fra i regni di Clefi e d’ Autari. Il podestà Zavatario qui aveva collocata nel 1263 la campana Zavataria per annunziare alla città l'ora del pranzo. Nel 13H l’imperatore Enrico di Lussemburgo fu assalito su questa piazza da una torma di Torriane- schi; onde, espulsi questi, il governo fu dato ai Visconti. Altri fatti avvennero qui il 24 aprile 1526: i soldati spagnuoleschi avevano violentalo un sellajo, per estor- cerne le imposte. Il popolo sorto a tumulto ottenne un ribasso nelle tasse, perdono plenario, non più quar- tieri spagnuoli in città, non più poliziotti per le vie ; poi furono condanne e balzelli peggio di prima. An» « he i tumulti narrati nei Promessi Sposi si stesero qui Digilized by Google PORTA COMASINA. 89 HI novembre 1629. La colonna di S. Barnaba qui piantata nel 1577 fu atterrata per agevolare il Corso, e la statua di S. Carlo che su. vi era, sta ora sulla Piazza Borromeo. Dipendono questi luoghi dalla parrocchia di Santa Maria Segreta^ eretta nel 1000; dagli Umiliati passò ai Somaschi. L’Aliar maggiore è del Levali; in Sagrestia una Madonna del Panfilo, e altra creduta del Luino. Nell’unito convento stavano i Padri Soave e Prospero Manara. Ed eccoci al Palazzo del Broletto. Fu da Filippo Maria Visconti eretto su d’un frut- teto (brolo) e dato nel 1470 al Conte di Carmagnola; dell’ antica costruzione serba i portici e qualche fìne- strone. Nel 605 Filippo III di Spagna lo assegnò a pubblico granajo, per caso di carestia e ad armeria urbana. Nel 1704 vi fu collocato il Banco di S. Am- brogio, specie di Monte mercantile, fondato nel 1447. Da ultimo assegnato alla Magistratura municipale nel 1605; accoglie ora anche altri uffici provinciali. Delle due vaste corti serve una pel mercato giornaliero del gr'ano, imbarazzo inopportuno. Non potrebbesi sotto questi portici formare un patrio lapidario? L’Archivio civico ordinato dallo storico Giulini or trovasi in questo Brolétto e contiene documenti importanti. Di faccia la Casa Colombo n.° 1734, distinta pel bu- gnato sporgente, opera del secolo XV, era il Luogo Pio della Misericordia che dava limosina giornaliera ai bi- sognosi. Nella Via dei Bossi la Casa n.°1774, fu dal Miche- lozzi, scolaro di Donatello, decorata per ordine di Co- simo de’ Medici a cui questa casa era stata donata da B. S. Maria Segreta. C. Il Palo/io del Broletto. Digitized by Google 90 PORTA C0MASINA. Francesco Sforza. I ritratti del quale e di sua moglie ornano la bellissima porla. \ •: u. s. Tomam- L a Corsia di S. Martellino in cui siamo ebbe nome so in Terra Maia. da una chiesa antica rifabbricata da Federico Borro- meo, distrutta nel secolo presente. L’attuale Chiesa di S. Tommaso in Terra Mala, più volte risiaurata, ha un bel pronao esastilo dell’ architetto Arganino, ha ('Aliar maggiore disegnalo dallo Zanoja, un S, Carlo di Cesare Procaccini, un Cristo che appare alla Mad- dalena d’Aurelio Luini, un bel S. Antonio del figliò Sa- batelli. La Chiesa fu tutta riabbellita quest’anno. Il titolo di Terra Mula accenna forse i Malli , o comizii che qui si raccoglievano al suono d’un martello. Vogliono altri fosse un sito de’ supplizi. c .. E - . Nella dipendente Chiesa di S. Nazzaro Pictrasanla Plein Santa, vedi una lapida che ricorda un trionfo di S. Ambro- gio, sugli Ariani e un cippo africano su cui quel santo predicò, ora convertito in vaso battesimale. Tradizioni volgari! L’Aitar maggiore è dello Zanoja. In un ora- torio superiore è una bella Madonna d’Appiani. via defìaure. ^ Lauro. Dello stesso Appiani è una medaglia, il Ratto d’Europa, nella Casa sull’angolo del Lauro n. 4805 che appartenne già a Donato Silva, conte di Biandrate, uno dei fondatori della dotta nostra Società Palatina. Suo nipote Ercole Silva, morto nel 4840, scrisse una gran- diosa opera sui giardini inglesi. il Pon é Ve- Al Ponte Vetro (Pons Vetus) S. Carlo eresse qui la ,r0 - colonna di S. Geronzio, levata per sbarazzar la piazza. Al viottolo a manca diede nome la famiglia del Bag- gio, che diede a Milano l’arcivescovo Anseimo, accanito nemico del matrimonio dei preti, Guercio del Baggio, Digitized by Google PORTA COMAS1NA. / 91 • che possedeva il Borgo di Brera, e Andrea del Bag- gio assassino di Gian Maria Visconti. Ora è a vedersi in questa via la Casa Gagnola n.° 2279. Nella successiva Contrada Cusani arresta la Casa n.° 2288, già abitazione di Melchiorre Gioja. Sbocca pure sul Ponte Vetro la via dell’Orso Olmctto , tutta abbellita da moderne abitazioni. Santa Maria del Carmine, creduta disegno del Ri- ,, c * mi|ir chini, rimodernata dal Pestagalli, ha dinanzi una pic- cola ma regolare piazza , e di dentro triplice navata. A destra entrando si ha una Presentazione al tem- pio del Panza. I. " Cappella, la Madonna col Bimbo è di Camillo Procaccini. II. a Non merita speciale menzione. III. ® Vedasi la Natività, che è d’antica scuola. IV. ® È del Montalto la Santa Maria Maddalena dei Pazzi. . V.® Di Camillo Procaccini e del Legnani son le pit- ture; e la brutta statua della Madonna è del Volpi. Del Bianchi c dell' Abbiali i due quadri fiancheg- giami il bell’Altar maggiore, che è disegno dal Levati. A sinistra è del Salella il Cristo coll’Addolorata; del Bianchi la Santa Teresa, opera del Luino una Vergine col Bimbo mal apprezzata ; del Duchino il S. Giacomo a cavallo. Finalmente del Fiammenghino la Risurrezione di Lazzaro. -. 1 Monumenti marmorei di Barbò, Confalonieri e Biella furono disegnati dal Pestagalli in stile consono al tempio. I vetri sono del Berlini. Digitized by Google 92 PORTA COMASIMA. Fu eretta questa chiesa nel 1268 dai Carmelitani posti nell’attiguo convento, l’anno prima, da Ottone Visconti. Ruinala per la vicinanza del castello, fu ri- parala da Martin Cappello nel 1564; e nel 1446 ridotta quale è oggi , da Francesco Sforza e poi da suo ni- pote Gian Galeazzo nel 1490. Cnriadi Porti H Corso di Porta Comasina tolto a’dì nostri dalla conmina. gua strettezza va rendendosi opportuno all’industria di un’ ampia città. Se nulla resta del Conservatorio di Santa Pelagia che Lanfranco della Pila nei 1091 fondò presso il Carmine, arricchito dai Visconti e destinato a peccatrici ravvedute, dà invece idea della carità mo- derna, l'Ospizio dei lattanti nella via di Santa Cristina, dove alcune madri operaie recano alla mattina feriale i loro bimbi, tornano fra il giorno a nutrirli e li ritirano la sera. È ancora un progetto l’ampia Dogana di cui diede il disegno l’ingegnere Bareggi, da erigersi al Mercato Vecchio , per evitare il giro dei traini voluminosi per città. Qui presso è il Pontaccio, larga via , dove primeggia la Casa Crivelli, donde usciron S. Ansano ed Urbano III papa. * .. . ' L * Benedettini avevano qui ampio convento dove oggi è caserma di cavalleria* e dove s’acquartierò nel 1311 l’ imperatore Enrico di Lussemburgo. Apparteneva a questi frati la Basilica che S. Sempliciano, succes- sore immediato di S. Ambrogio, dedicò ai Santi Sisi- nio, Martirio ed Alessandro , dei quali ebbe nome la chiesa prima che ricevesse l’attuale di S. Sempliciano. Crebbe ad essa divozione e ricchezza, l’ajuto che si disse aver dato questi tre Santi ai Lombardi nella bat- taglia di Legnano avvenuta il giorno 29 maggio 1176. Digitized by Google PORTA COMASINA. 95 La facciata gotica e la porta maggiore furono illu- strate dall’ Allcgranza. All’interno fu restituito dal- rAluisetti il carattere primitivo; la vòlta fu tutta ador- nata con rabeschi di C. Fontana, e medaglioni di De Maurizio. Negli altari si hanno buone pitture. - A destra. I. a Cappella, stanno due quadri di Camillo Procaccini sulle pareti laterali. II. ® Cappella, il S. Mauro pare dello Zenale. III. ® Cappella, è del Salmeggia il S. Benedetto con data 1619, e i due ovati laterali del Magatti e del Borroni. L’Incoronazione di Maria a fresco nell’abside del coro è del Borgognone; nel presbitero le medaglie dello Zalli. L’Aitar maggiore colla posteriore urna dei Martiri, è disegno dell’Aluisetti, le due statue del Puttinati. A sinistra. Del Fratazzi le pitture nel capocroce* ed ivi di Camillo Procaccini lo Sposalizio di Maria Ver- gine ; del quale sono anche i Santi Carlo e Ambrogio allato alla porta principale. Un fulmine scoppiato nel 1517 in questa chiesa nel- l’atto che si cavavano dal sepolcro i santi Sisinio, Mar^ tirio ed Alessandro, fu causa che il popolo, attribuendo ciò a sdegno de’Sanli, turbati nel loro riposo, si sca- gliò sui Benedettini, poi corsa voce essere invece opera di stregherie, furono arrestate alcune donnicciuole e abbruciate ad Ornago e a Lampugnano. Ulncoronala con un sol frontispizio contiene due chiese una alla Vergine, l’altra a S. Nicola. In tal modo Francesco e Bianca Sforza raffigurarono la loro unione. I monumenti nella Cappella Bossi , i sepolcri dell’arcivescovo milanese Gabriello Sforza, morto nel i 437, e quei della famiglia Tolentino meritano riguardo; Af 'incoronata. Digitized by Google 94 PORTA COMBINA. ' così pure il S. Agostino di Cira Ferri, l’Àltar nuovo ristaurato dall’Aluiselti. L’unito convento degli eremi- tani è ora una caserma. v i.« Poru Dava già sfogo al Corso una portaccia a cui nel 1825 Comasina. , fu surrogata la presente con disegno del Moraglia ; edi- licio ardito, solido, elegante. Sono del Perabò i quattro fiumi lombardi soverchiami l’arco di mezzo; i fregi di G.B. Buzzi. Eleganti pure i due casini di fianco pei dazieri. « Luoghi su- fuor jgiia p or ta corre dritto il Borgo della Mezza Lingua, a capo del quale è progettato un vasto cimi- tero. Ora ve ne sta uno affatto comune, ina pregiato perchè vi riposano Giuseppe Parini, Melchiorre Gioja, G. B. De Cristoforis; Giocondo, Giacomo e Ferdinando Alberlolli ; gli astronomi Oriani, De Cesari ; Lamberti il grecista, e lo storico Rosmini. Più oltre alla Fontana furono gittali dai fratelli Manfredini i maestosi bronzi che ora figurano sul- 4 'Arco della Pace. Dalla Porta Comasina ripiegando * a destra sulla strada di circonvallazione -arrivasi aita Stazione della Strada Ferrala da Milano a Como. È uno dei più vasti imbarcaderi che si abbiano in Italia. Qui avremo agio anche di vedere il Naviglio della Martesana che alla Cascina de’Pomi fu utilizzalo me- diante grandiose forze idrauliche per dar movimento ad attive macchine e allo Stabilimento dell' Elvetica che me- rita essere veduto e che trovasi appunto qui dove or siamo , c dove si fabbricano tanti lavori in ghisa che servono ai filatoi, a filande, ad ornamenti di case, di giardini, di fiumi, a ponti, a ruote per strade di ferro. Questo naviglio reca a noi le acque del lago di Como e si introduce nella città passando per le mura. Digitized by Googl PORTA NUOVA. A. La Porta. B. Ospitale' Fate-bene-SorelIe. <?. Fabbrica de’ Tabacchi. D. La Zecca. E. La Chiesa di S. Angelo. F. La Casa di Correzione. G. Ospitale de’Fate-bene-Fratelli. | 32,989 |
bpt6k39587676_1 | French-PD-Newspapers | Open Culture | Public Domain | null | None | None | French | Spoken | 11,558 | 22,221 | VN FRANC. — N° 477 REDACTION-ADMINISTRATION49, avenue de l’Opéra, PARISTELEPHONE t OPEra 80-31 et la ente (trois lignes groupées)ABONNEMENTS 3 mois. , 70 francs 6 mois 130 francs 1 an 250 francsChèques postaux : 787-50directeur : Georges SUAREZJEUDI 12 FÉVRIER 1942 En deuxième page : La Semaine MusicaleCAMOUFLAGE DES LUMIERES de 19 h. 34 à 8 h. 35SINGAPOUR EST TOMBÉELA GARNISON BRITANNIQUE EST PRISONNIÈRELa bataille pour lun des plus puissants points appui anglo-américains n’aura duré que trois joursDEVANT LENINGRAD VAINE TENTATIVEBOLCHEVIQUEsonnièrci.pour percerMùukaKuqhingles lignes allemandes'a r ta poubang^ESerarhsaliACTIVITEsoyezd’artillerieen Afriquegita-LES PROPOS DE SON EXCELLENCE“Normandie ”sera renflouéLE DESSIN DE GUERINLe numérochange-juif* de714.6525 millionsle* installations, tous les aménagement* de Singapouvaient présenter uncette spécialité, doit battre tous les records du Foreign O flic e.Distribution de confituresDevant I>ningrad, de nouvelle* tentative* de sortie de l'ennemi ont échoué devant le feu de* troupe* allemande* qui invertis-les sudDans sa tombe, la reine Victoria a dû frémir d'une auguste indignation. Le fait serait, en buffet, sans précédent dans l’histoire d'Angleterre, ainsi que nous l'avons plus haut démon-LES DEGATS SONT ESTIMES CINQ MILLIONS DE DOLLARSau.r tout Vinci latantinople jusqu’à la fin du XIXe siècle ? parce que la Turquie redoutait la Russie. Pourquoi l’influence allemande at-elle grandi ensuite sur le Bosphore, au détriment de l’Angleterre et de la France ? parce que la France s’était alliée avec la Russie et que l’Angleterre avait occupé l'Egypte. Pourquoi le faon s’était-il allié avec l"Angleterre ? Par peur de la Russie.GRAND QUARTIER GENERAL DU FUEHRER. 11 Février. — Le Haut Commandement de l’armée allemande communique :Le* combat* continuent à l*E*t, où la température e*t devenuede ml-ses deux gros vapeurs marchands et deux navires de l'escorte-Le Grand Quartier Général Impérial communique : Les troupes impériales japonaises, qui faisaient, depuis ce matin, des progrès constants malgré la résistance ennemie, ont donné l'as-Sixième ordonnance en date du 7 février 1942relative aux mesurescontre les juifs/J Bristol, l’autre jour, il a /—i déclaré sans sourcillerque la défaite de l’Allemagne ferait de la Russie la puissance la plus forte de l’Europe et que la fin de la guerre verrait les Russes à Berlin. Le propos n’est pas neuf. C'est pour en avoir été la dupe que la France est entrée dans la guerre de 1939. C’est dans l’espoir qu’il se traduirait en actecomme communiquéL I, demain, la Russie était .j victorieuse de l’Allema-gêne, c'est-à-dire maîtresse de l’Europe, le pays qui paierait cette victoire plus cher que tous les autres serait l’Angleterre.Son sort, dira-t-on, ne sera pas changé par la victoire allemande. Si, parce que l'Allemagne, c’est l’Europe, c'est-à-dire une idée, une civilisation et une culture et qu'on ne perd jamais tout quand on est vaincu par un grand peuple. Entre le « devenir » allemand et le « nichevo » russe, l’hésitation n'est permise qu'à sir Stafford Cripps, par égard pour son grand âge et sa solennelle nullité.Quand la Russie aura triomphé de son ennemie, a-t-il dit encore, la Grande-Bretagne devra entretenir avec elle des relations amicales.LE TIRAGE de la LOTERIE HAÏIONALEnous à esquisser ceux de l'impérialisme traditionnel de la Russie. De quoi était faite la puissance anglaise en Orient et en Extrême-Orient ? De la crainte qu'inspirait l’avidité du colosse russe en Asie, en Turquie, en Perse, en Afghanistan, aux Indes, en Chine et au faon ? La puissance britannique, pour tenir en échec l’impérialisme moscovite, était devenue un élément d’instabilité dans les rapports européens. Pourquoi la France et l’Angleterre ont-elles joui d’une autorité inégalée à Cons-Sur le front du Donetz. l’ennemi a perdu, dan* le secteur d’un seul coup* d’armée, du 18 janvier A ce jour, 1.639 prisonnier*. 7.500 mort*. 8 tank*, 19 pièce* d’artillerie. 164 mitrailleuse* et mortier* et une grande quantité d’autre matériel de guerre.l'ne formation de skieurs roumain* a pal* une part éclatante au succès* d’une attaque alliée dan* le secteur *ud du front deA partir du 15 février, gramme* de confiture* ou gramme* d e compote* échangé du ticket DR,que l’Angleterre y est restée. C'est avec la certitude qu’il se réaliserait un jour, que Rooseveut y a entraîné les peuples, en ajournant pour lui-même, de défaite en défaite et de recul en recul, une décision que le Japon a fini par lui imposer.Sur quels témoignages le diplomate anglais appuie-t-il sa conviction ? On aimerait les connaître, comme on connaît ceux qui étayent la démonstration inverse.LLOYD George, qui avait parfois la dent dure, disait de ses diplomates ; Je leur permets d’être ridicules parce que le ridicule rassure, mais je ne leur permets pas d’être bavards.Sir Stafford Cripps, l'ex-ambassadeur de Grande-Bretagne à Moscou, s'est affranchi, en vieillissait, de l'interdiction. Il est resté ridicule, mais il est devenu loquace. Et, en l'écoutant, on n'a pas de peine à convenir que le vieux Gallois avait raison d'interdire aux sots l'usage de l'éloquence.Sir Stafford Cripps, ayant vécu à Moscou, est censé connaître la Russie. Etant ambassadeur, il est également censé connaître la politique internationale et l’histoire de son pays. Pourvu de toutes ces connaissances, il semble quelles devraient suppléer à son insuffisance intellectuelle ou contenir sa fureur patriotique. Pas du tout. Sir Stafford Cripps, informé sur rien, tient un langage que n’oserait pas tenir le speaker moscovite, qui, pourtant, nous en a baillé de belles ceci temps derniers. Les fanatiques ne peuvent pas être habiles parce qu’ils n’ont pas la force de se taire, a dit quelque part un moraliste. Sir Stafford, dans750 gramme* de confiture* ou 1 mil. 500 de compote* pour le*(Voir les résultats classés en 3* page, 7e col.)Les Soviets, a-t-il ajouté. n’ont nullement l'intention de s'immiscer dans la politique intérieure des Etats.I N Russie, le front aileH. rand, après une rectifia-timon qui l’a raccourci en supprimant les poches, passe toujours par Taganrog, Stalino, Kbarkojy, Koursk, Orel et les lacs llemen, Ladoga et Leningray. Dans le Pacifique, l’hégémonie anglo-saxonne s’est effondrée ; l'Australie est abandonnée ; les Philippines sont aux mains des Japonais ; Singapour est prise ; la frontière des Indes est menacée. En un mot, la puissance anglaise est morte.Sir Stafford compterait-il sur la Russie pour la ressusciter ? Et se rend-il compte de ce que deviendrait son p a y $ dans l’éventualité d’une victoire russe ? Les objectifs de l’impérialisme idéologique des Soviets ne sont que trop connus. Bornons-Sodcfc:En Afrique du Nord, de fortes patrouilles de reconnaissance ennemies ont été repoussées. Des Stukas et de* avions lance-torpilles* ont infligé à l'ennemi des pertes considérables en matériel roulant. Au nord-est de Tobrouk. un croiseur léger anglais, atteint par un avion allemand, a donné fortement de la bande. (Lire la suite an 3* page. T col.)ment â basse altitude, atteint, avec de* bombes de fort calibre, une grosse entreprise industrielle sur la côte Est de LEcosse.Lourde» perte» anglaise»Service cartographie < Aujourd'hui ». (Reproduction interdite). Le second sommet du triangle stratégique Hong-Kong-Singapour-FortDarwin vient de tomber aux mains des Japonais. Far sa aviation géographique, Singapour ouvre aux Nippons non seulement la routeDan.» la troupe» de salent, par Johore, d l’ouest de l’Ue. Le 10 au soir, elles touchaient aux faubourgs de la talle. Le 11 elles pénétraient au cœur de cette grande cité dont il y a huit jours encore Wawell exhortait ses soldats d faire « un nouveau Tobrouk »...Le Grand Quartier Général lie* communique :Sur le front d Ain e! Gazai». activité de patrouilles et tira d'artille-Deux cargo» ennemis roulé» Au large de la côte sud-ouest de l'Angleterre, des avion* de combat ont coulé à la bombe au cours de la nuit dernière, deux bâtiments de commerce jaugeant au total 7.000 tonnes. Un troisième cargo de fort tonnage a vraisemblablement été détruit et un autre endommagéDeutres avions de combat, qui opéraient une reconnaissance armée, ont, au cours d'un bombarde-paquebot. On s’attend malheureusement à ce que le* machine* soient sérieusement endommagée* et le* Installations électriques détruites. (Lire la suite en 3* page. 4’ col.)DestructionsystématiqueLONDRES, 11 février. On mande de Batavia à l’agence Reuter :Toutes dépôts et pour qui intérêt quelconque pour les Japonais ont sauté cet après-midi.Cette mesure a été prise pour empêcher te ce* installations ne tombent entre les mains de l'ennemi.IL y a moins de trois semaines, M. Hors, porte-parole du gouvernement japonais déclarait « que Singapour tomberait aux environs du 10 février ». Ainsi en a-f-ü été...Il n’y aura pas de Tobrouk oriental. Singapour est tombé. Et la nouvelle de sa chute retentit comme un craquement sinistre en prélude 4 l’écroulement du formidable édifice colonial anglais.Car avec Singapour ce n'est pas seulement un port gigantesque que les Nippons arrachent Hritanniques. port obligé de trafic maritime des Indes, à sonde, aux Ues de la Sonde, Chine et au Nouveau-Monde, c’est aussi la position clé de tout un système impérialiste et surtout le symbole d'une puissance réputée invincible et d’ailleurs invaincue depuis des siècles.Hier encore, les aménagement» militaires de Malte ont été bombardés à plusieurs reprises par les avion* allemands.Des appareil* allemands ont également rejoint et bombardé le convoi ennemi déjà attaqué, mentionné dans le— Vous comprenez lm je suis tombé quatre fois hier.2.50 500 e n pour lesTOKIO, 11 février. Les troupes japonaises ont pénétré aujourd’hui, à 14 heures (heure locale), dans les quartiers occidentaux de Singapour.Ainsi, trois jours après le commencement de la bataille, Singapour semble approcher de sa chute. Trois colonnes japonaises se dirigent vers le sud à travers l’ÎIe et réalisent ainsi un front semi-circulaire qui encercle 30.000 Britanniques, dans le de l'Ue.Après plus de 50 heures marche vers l’est, les unités toisées de l’aile gauche japonaise avançaient en direction de la forteresse. Pendant ce temps, les forces aériennes, qui sont entièrement maîtresses de l’air, soumettaient Singapour à des assauts répétés, bombardant les navires et les fortifications. Des dommages considérables ont été causés à des Installations de la gare et du port, et un bâtiment de 3.000 tonnes a été mis hors d’usage. Les positions de Bukit-Panjang ont été également l'objet de violents bombardements.Huif du 9 au 10, les choc mppone.s passurprise. le détroit deEn vertu de* plein* pouvoir* qui m’ont été conféré* par le Fuehrer und Oberbefehl*haher der Wehrmarht, j’ordonne ce qui suit :Ie Limitation des heures de «ortie :11 est Interdit aux juifs d'être hors de leur logement entre 30 heure* et 6 heure* ;2e Interdiction de ment de résidence :Il e*t interdit aux changer le lieu de silence actuelle ;8e Dispositions pénales : Celui qui contreviendra aux dl*po*ition* de la présente ordonnance sera puni d'emprisonnement et d’amende ou d'une de ce* peine*. En outre, le coupable pourra être interné dan* un camp de juif* ;4e Entrée en vigueur : La présente ordonnance antre en rigueur dé* sa publication.Signé : der Militaerbefehishaberin Frankreich.demie. appuyée par des unités blindées, a échoué, grâce à la prompte intervention de no* propre* éléments cuirassés.De nombreuses et efficaces actions aérienne* ont provoqué des incendies et des destructions parmile* le* arrières ennemis.Trois chasseurs anglais ont été abattus en combat aérien, un quai-MALAISIE x ANGL.'x-lNEW-YORK, 11 février. L’Incendie a été localisé sur le paquebot « Normandie ».Lee bateaux-pompes ont continué à noyer les superstructure* encore fumante* du paquebot < Normandie », courbé le long du quai de l’Hudson.L’Amirauté a maintenant à résoudre le problème du renflouement du grand transatlantique. De* techniciens ont indiqué que le navire serait probablement soulevé au moyen de feintons. de façon à faire apparaître le pont principal. De* pompes puissantes pourraient alors chasser l'eau de* flanc* du paquebot, ce qui permettrait de le faire émerger un peu plu. On espère, en répétant ces opérations, parvenir à redresser leBandôuntr^^fcx Souraka^L’étendard nippon flotte sur Singapour.< Désespoir dans tout Tempire ». annonce Radio-Neir-York. Car la chute de Singapour, en vérité, sonne le écus de l’empire.5 IR Stafford, anurêmcnt, en vital en Russie, n’a guère pu se renseigner sur ce qui se passait ailleurs. Il ignore que soixante-douze députés communistes ont, pendant trois ans, exercé une pression déterminante sur la politique française, qu'un communiste, où qu'il se trouve, est d'abord asservi au régime russe avant d'être citoyen de son pays ; que, depuis vingt-cinq ans, dans toute l'Europe, l'agitation révolutionnaire est dirigée par amokcou, et que l’Angleterre n'a pas été plus épargnée que les autres par le bolchevisme ; ceci dit, et muni de toutes ses ignorances, sir Stafford Cripps ne se contente pas d'être un ancien diplomate ; il s’est improvisé conférencier. Ça ne fait pas un ambassadeur de moins ni un orateur de plus..^ttôinqapourÿ 7</^Î!Riou y Rom kanakBORNEO RinQeQÿE ^>^z=-z t _ ° 1 i n jV^^^^<SoukadenaV’Sâpka Matan V<L Ssi V VMatouwa osaitfe/okBekong -MER"DE UAWd ^M5atavia-.^^yban^^=L’HIVER PROCHAINLes fcriqfuettes d’eau d’égoutASSURERONT-ELLESNOTRE CHAUFFAGE ?La station d’Achères va fournir des engrais et du combustibleLei •eux d'égouft roulent de* richenei.On * en avale eujourd kui qu il faut tirer parti de tout et flop* que, per •me heureuse coïncidence, un grandiose programme d assainissement de ia reg on parisienne, en voie de réa isetioe, permettra bientôt de le* exploiter inindustriellement et complètement.Ce programme date de quelque* année* avant la guerre. Il consiste essentiellement à construire d énormes em.ssaire*. presque aussi vestes que les tunnels du mètre ceinturent Paris ; ils coi zesteront le* eaux usée* de la ceci♦a e et de sa banlieue pour le* déverser à Achères.Malgré le pénurie actuel e de matériaux. ce* travaux ne sont pas abandonnés. La construction de l'émisse re« Sud » *e poursuit, ainsi que ptiti ment, le rèel>se‘ion de I émissaire « Nord-Est » 513 million* sont inscrit», a cet effet, au budget du dépertemerd de le Seine.Pierre Dl'B RD. (Lire la exulte en $• page. 5' col.)La Foire de Leipzign'aura pas lieule gouvernement du Reich, per fuite de* néce»*ifé* militaire*, ayant décidé qu'aucune foire allemande n’aurait lieu au cour» de l'année 1942, la réunion du printemps* de la Foire de Leipzig e*t supprimée. Le* personne* inscrite seront directement avisée*.Aujourd'hui, vernissage du Salon des humoristesLe Solo* des humoriste» ouvre se» portes aujourd'hui, galerie de la le*ois*a*ce, rue loyale. O* voit Ici un reporter prenant une photo,graphie avant le vernissage.Chronique des Temps présentsCHANTS DE LA NEIGEpar Jean-Pierre MAXENCEL neige.. Paris, qui a retrouvé le silence avec l'obscurité nocturne, un vieux silence qui semble surgir du fond des siècles, a recouvré ces jours derniers une jeune pureté fugitive. A première vue. sous les flocons blancs, une ville ressemble à une autre. Mais si on y regarde de plus près, la neige épouse si étroitement les formes et les paysages que loin de les rendre tous semblables et de les niveler, elle les souligne et chante avec eux.Ce n'est point seulement, en effet une pureté de ton qu'apportent ces cristaux délicats qui font aux plaines et aux routes un tapis de rêve, c'est une pureté plus complexe, architecturale et musicale tout ensemble qu'ils donnent à chaque perspective. La neige accompagne et module, à la mesure de chaque contrée, le chant du monde. Elle est diverse comme la terre des hommes. Il n'y a pas une neige, mais des neiges, et cependant ces toisons fraîches tombées la nuit des troupeaux d étoiles apportent aux différences terrestres je ne sais quel air de fraternité.(LIRE LA SUITE EN PAGE 2. COL D 2,XXXXXXXXXXXNXXXXXXXSXXXXXXNXXXXXXXXX;AU CRAYONChronique des Temps présents■$ Ht U NflûEpar JULHÈSpar rien —Christian Mégret : « JACQUES » plot)*L'HOMME DE JOUR.LA SEMAINE MUSICALEpar LOUIS BEYDTSconfiergavantCLAUDE DEBUSSYLarguez les ris.Turin, ville des saints*****************DemainENetGiSTREPaul CHACKhotter déciI lotie dpu Te tirai==. tz =L’Acadêrn!MARIVAUXdansbi<ÂPÔÏÏÎ 8 palace*bye ha-ne marchande derameau BIARRITZ VKx ewCAMEO </ _ lx/KLLILa première d'aujourd'huiE*.PROGRAMMES'liera. THÉÂTRESdataitCHANSONNIERSdeeGRAND JEUHem..ruuiMUSIC-HALLSVotre jardinPour cultiver ue petit verdis pe'agee.CARENZIOMdélient'CINEMAS-— THÉÂTRES —TFÔlMATffBRIGITTE HORNEVCABARETSaval fait un accroc àphotottiheu*.« la Foradmin.-fixation, pour la capitale du Pi muni. sont actuellement en cour*chantera 1> solitaire porte en lui les mêmes émouvantes résonances hu¬main*vexation. L’auteur de Traduit du ii* Itece est conscient d’une mission à remplir. Et cela donne à son livre fiévreux et puissant une humaine, uneIrène Joachim. Germaine Cemay, Leîla Ben Sedira. Jacques Ionien. Etcheverry. Paul Cabanel, Narçon, Emile Rousseau, les musiciens d’un orchestre où l’on retrouvait la plupart de nos brillants virtuoses, les choristes d'Yvonne Gouverné, tous lès artisans de cette réussite parfaite ont rivalisé de talent et de stèle, sous la direction sensible et impérieuse de Roger Désormière. à qui Georges Viseur, le réputéPELLÉAS ET MÉLI5ANDEM4aen.cue.1e de ranima ?? bonheur.La Fille de Mme ArigotLE CARNET cT “Aujourd’hui"— C'est un parti inespéré pour toi, pense donc, il a une carte de travailleur de force !te M du v M. Lecroi!Debussy, à l’époque où 11 composa a Pelléas et Mélisande », photographié par Pierre Louys(collection À. Honegger).I* aiguille, t a refaitUne conférence sur : « La femme allemanded’aujourd’hui »licitait naguère Paul Claudel dans tes pages magnifiques qu il intitulait: Le* Imité* à l’attention. la maladieAet. Nord-Art. La Famille Duratce. Aabert. CarUcaUia.Albert Préjean : « Caprices » que noua verrons A partir du lundi 16 f°-musique de Schumann, est donné en soirée les merci , vendra, saï. et fini. A 19 h. 45, te dam. mat. A 14 h. 45. Salle chauffée. Métro Champs-Elysées-Clemenceau ou. à part, de 19 h.un analyste, un moraliste émouvant. Il y a dans les pages qu il nous livre une tension intérieure, une puissance de sincérité, un beau ton sombre, intense, douloureux qui ne peuvent laisser indifférents. M. Joe Bousquetm'a fait la dires-la France qu’ils sonore de ses trésors, l image charme profond, la pure et durable essence de sa glorieuse renommée. Et aussi cette discrétion pathétique. cet élan attendri, cette ardeur mesurée où s alimente le feu voilé de son génie.ment dont buer les marques. Et )> pas que nous ne partagerions pas aujourd’hui, les uns et les autres, l'orgueil d’avoir participé à l'achè-Bérard n'avait eu assez d intelligence. de courage et de foi pour l'imaginer, l'entreprendre et le soutenir.ils pas être réunis ? Je sais bien que pouf me débarrasser des petits papiers de mon percepteur, je n’aurais qu’à payer ce que je lui dois. Mais cette méthode me paraît trop simple. Sa simplicité même dissimule sa complication et monprésidentSur les bords de la scèneânes majestueuses, que l’épure même d'un gigantesque effort humain. A Rome, le chant de la neige est encore un chant triomphal. Pour quelques jours, sous un manteau blanc une antique civilisation remonte à ses sources d’enfance. Ces pierres, taillées de main d’homme sont belles certes sous le soleil de mai qui découvre les cicatrices et les maturés comme s'il jouait sur un corps vivant, mais aussi belles peut-être sous cette couverture de mystère qui n’en laisse deviner que le plus pur, que l’essentiel.Neige sur Paris, sur un Paris grave, où la défaite et la misère posent leurs stigmates et qui pourtant, aux quais tranquilles de la Seine, au chevet du Louvre, au parvis froid de Notre-Dame, reste le Paris de toujours. Un «peu de pardon, un peu d’oubli : voilà le cadeau de la neige. On a peur seulement, le matin, à l’aube tardive, de trouver, mince petit tas blanc, sous le portail d’une maison lépreuse, le corps d’un enfant mort de froid comme dans le conte de Dickens : La petite marchande d'allumettes... Mais la neige est blanche comme la charité 'ui e**1 plus forte que la misère et qui n'est point une vertu femelle, mais bien le seul élan assez pur dans l’homme pour lui permettre, aux pires moments, de se surmonter.que si j» ne le paie pas, c'est parce que je ne peux pasAu surplus, les deux billets de cent sous et mon billet de dix francs seraient insuffisants pour éteindre ma dette.Mais au fait, peut-être y aurait-il un moyen de tout arranger. Je remplacerais volontiers, si l'occasion m'en était donnée, ces trois petites coupures contre un billet unique... un billet de cinq mille francs par exemple.NAISSANCES Le comte Albert de Nadaillac et la comtesse, née d'Ursel, sont heureux d'annoncer la naissance de leur sixième enfant Françoise.— L’enseigne de vaisseau Gillot et Mme, née Leseleuc de Kérouana. font part de la naissance de leur fils Jean-Loup.— M. André Pilliard, garde général des Eaux et Forêts, et Mme, née Fournier-Foch, sont heureux d’annoncer la naissance de leur fi.s Bernard.Chez Pierre Masson 93, Fbg St-Honoré, les 12-13-14 Février, réalisation d'un stock de sacs tout cuir de provenance marocaine.de répondre depuis six mois. Il n’y e plus de place pour elle*. Mais tout de même, ne pourrait-on simplifier tout ce système de certes ? Celle de le Bibliothèque nationale ne pourrait-elle suffire pour les outres bibliothèque* 7 La carte professionnelle, le carte d'identité et le coupe-file ne pourraient-USSI délicat qu'il puisse paraître de louer une initiative à laquelle on a été étroitement associé, je dois avouer néanmoins qu'aucun scrupule ne se dresse devant moi pour m'internira d'écrire ici tout le bien que je pense de l'enregistrement de « Pelléas et Mélisande ». — Société Pathé-Marconi l'honneur de me timon artistique.Georges Truc, musicien, à qui graphique est redevable de tant detique, sinon un moralise qui chante ? Nulle littérature ne comporte autant de romans psychologiques, * c’est-à-dire de romans écrits par des moralistes : la remarque vaut de Stendhal à Barrés, elle vaut aussi pour la production la plus contemporaine. C'est ce qu'un rapide inventaire Idc quelques livres, tous dignes d'intérêt par leur qualité littéraire, nous montrera mieux que des théories.M. Christian Mégret nous donne aujourd'hui hui un livre de guerre qui n’a point la forme d'un témoignage direct comme beaucoup d’autres, mais celle d’un roman, et très précisément d'un roman de moraliste. II ne lui suffit pas, en effet, de brosser une fresque mouvante, de relever des traits pittoresques, il veut atteindre cette zone d’ombre où seul s'éclaire le secret des âmes.Il est assez symptomatique que les meilleurs de nos écrivains devant un événement de I étendue et de l’intensité dune guerre ne soient point tentés par l’aspect épique mais polarisés par l’analyse. Evoquer et peindre. ressusciter ne les satisfait point, ils veulent avant tout voir clair, élucider. expliquer par l’extérieur.Que de ces quelques propos en marge on n’aille surtout pas conclure que le livre de M. Christian Mégret appartient à cette catégorie des romans immobiles, des récits où il ne se passe rien. Il a du mouvement, de la force, à certaines pages de la puissance, encore qu’à mon gré on y sente peut-être un peu trop, du moins par endroit, la volonté de conscience 1 de l’auteur. Mais ce récit aux thèmest*rlm*n* Prl*r>nnler*Mil» Unger fera demain une conrenne A l’institut allemand surdans saÎtriomphe iCh Ely»#*» Chenue SU porte» coinche I Nation*. Premier Bal l ovule* (10. ri. Paru-New-York. Vie lui la HeUnkehr.délicat l'industrie phono-Neiges d’aujourd’hui sur le monde, neiges lourdes de janvier 42... linceuls de tant de corps, mante; ux de tant de misères frissonnantes, voiles de peines dans tant de cœurs, aubes de. tant d’espoirs silencieux ; neige maternelle, neige protectrice, tout ensemble tendre et glacée, messagère de la paix divine vers des hommes dont le dur devoir et l'honneur consistent aujourd'hui, pour les uns à souffrir, pour les autres à se battre. jamais peut-être le chant de la neige n'a eu de pareilles résonances et si tragiques, et si simples t°ut de même, tellement simples que le plus humble esprit les comprend...U neige sur Rome et les plus beaux monuments altiers, ces témoins d'un passé de grandeur qui restent les garants de l’avenir revêtent leur aspect d'éternité. D'un coup, les rides, les fissures du temps disparaissent, s’effacent. Les dates elles-mêmes gravées cependant dans le marbre, se dérobent. Ne restent que les belles silhouettes, que les ci-Pelléas et Mélisande11talon de ce noir. Vive « Kulaîie » • Seccè* de fou rire avec Jane SOI RT.A, R. SOUPLEX, R. Bl RNIER, en tète d'une — éelaUnte distribution. ■ ■ —Voyage d'une aiguille à coudrelundi, mat. H h. 30, DEUX mat. 14 h. Nouvelle* attraction*.£* CO-Melt de. 'h’UUce.Ue.« Caprices » ou Cendrillon sur les Champs-ElyséesJ'ai donc vida mon portefeuille sur la table et j en ai sorti : un billet de dix francs, une carte d’admission à la Bibliothèque nationale, une carte professionnelle, une carte d'admission à la Bibliothèque Mazarine, un tas de papier* de différente* couleurs envoyé* par mon percepteur, une carte d'admission à la Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève, un billet de cinq francs, un laissez passer de nuit couleur verte, une carte d’identité, un coupe-file de la Préfecture de Police, une carte de tabac, un certificat de démobilisation, un ta* de carte* d'alimentation, une carte rouge pour le* spectacles, un billet de cinq franc*. k*Remarquez que ne figurent dan* cet inventaire ni de* photographie*Madeleine Cartacalha 1 Viviane Romances Martxruf Le* Jour* HeureuxLE THEATRE DE L’ELITE 4 DERNIERS .HH RSmoines que l'audition directe dispense aux foules assemblées.• Pelléas * reste • Pelléas », gravé ou vécu. Si les artistes et les techniciens qui ont été réuni» pour en assurer l'enregistrement n'ont pas ménagé leur effort ou compté leur peine, s’ils ont fait preuve d'une conviction et d’un talent multipliés. s’ils donnent ici l’impression de se surpasser eux-mêmes, c'est qu'ils ont tout de suite compris la grandeur et l’inestimable portée du rôle qui leur était dévolu. En enchaînant sur le sillon arachnéen l'écho passionné des sortilèges debassistes. c'est la voix même deont fixée, le reflet plus authentiques palpitante de sonLa première d'aujourd'hui Au Saint-Georges, A 19 h. 30, répétition générale <r « Etienne ».A l'Académie des sciences colonialesMOGADOR. Auj mutinée 14 h 30 * LA FILLE DE émue ANGOT ». < La plus fastueuse opérette de nos jours... (Montboron * L’Œuvre »). Dimanche 2 mat. : 14 h. et 17 h.Nos vedettes ont pris l'habitude de prêter leur concours à un grand nombre d'oeuvres, et c'est fort bien. Avant hier soir, sous le patronage de notre confrère « La France Socialiste », elle» paraissaient sur la scène de Pleyel un peu pour eUes-mèmee. puisque le profit de cette belle soirée allait à la Fédera ion de» Anciens Combattants du Spectacle.Inutile de dire que l immense vaisseau de Pleyel se trouvait comble de gens venu» pour s'associer à cette bonneMON ROYAUME EST SUR LA TERRE30, de»Vous entendrezau jourd'hui...A 15 heures, au ThAAtre Monceau, notre collaborateur M. Gaëtan do HèrAdla répéter «n conférence sur l«s « Deux Aiglons », avec, le concours de M. Jean Yonnel, sociétaire de la Comédie-Française.♦ ♦ A la grande salle des Sociétés Savantes, S, rue Danton, .M. Georges ï’cloison, chef de la propagande A la Jeunesse, parler. A 19 h. ““ *" relies de demain ».M. Delavignette parler de salon professionnelle des trnteiirs coloniaux * A l’Ec rieur d'Organisation professionnel «2, rue de Miromesnll.GAITE LYRIQUE. — L immense succès, auj. jeudi, fam., 20 h. Dimanche,tord «OSULYSfeeS'** Tsorte de nobles»* discrète, de fièvre :tende, d’ampleur qui ne nuit jamais à l’intensité. C’est un livre à bien des égards remarquable et qui, par son accent comme par sa technique, est riche de la meilleure sève qui nourrit travers le temps la littérature française et lui confère *a subtile et vivante unité.jean Damase : « La Co-médio héroïque » (Edi-étions de France).D’une écriture moins soignée, moins sobre, le récit de guerre de M. Jean Damase — Lx Coméd.c héroïque — est d’abord un livre d’excellent observateur, qui possède un sens très vif de l’émotion humaine. Lui aussi est incliné vers le moralise, et veut « penser • et « expliciter » la guerre. Cela nous vaut quelques dissertations souquent justes, toujours bien intentionnées mais qui, du point de vue de l'art du récit,1 tragique grandeur.dont la 'réalisations accomplies, en avait' été primitivement chargé ; et c’est lui qui prépara le minutieux et sub til découpage qui. en dépit de la fragmentation imposée par la longueur limitée des disques, permet à l'auditeur de suivre sans embarras le déroulement du drame et le lil du discours musical.Appelé, après sa mort, à lui succéder, je n'ai eu qu'à me conformer au plan qu'il avait établi, et dont l'ordre parfait, la méthode éclairée ont si grandement facilité le travail de tous ceux qui ont été choisis pour collaborer à cette tâche ambitieuse.Car le projet semblait audacieux de graver sur la cire la partition entière de Debussy. Combien nombreux apparaissaient les problèmes à résoudre, combien périlleux les obstacles à surmonter 1 C'est grâce à l'art de chacun et à la tenace volonté de tous qu'ils ont pu être élucidés ou vaincus, et que le chefd’œuvre a retrouvé, sous l'enveloppe de la matière morte, toutes les séduction» qui l'enflamment et tous les prestiges dont il est naturellement paré.OptimUUr», 15-20 n. 15. A t* s<r tè. Psi P.Jare. 20 h Eulalle (J. Aourxsi. P.raJIr 1^-20 h.. L* Chauve-Souris. PUM-Martle. 14 A)-20 h-. La Douq.Innocent*. St-l.eorcf* 20 Générale Etienne m aire de Paris 20 n Topare. Variété» 20 h. Manu* iRaimui. Vieux-Colombier. 20 h., Jupiter.sieurs millions de femme» euesL< conférencière parle*» ensuite de • L Œuvre de secoure A la mère et A l'enfant », comprise dans te cidre de l'organisation nationait-soci-xlistechef de chant, avait apporté la plu clairvoyante collaboration.Moi qui. pendant de longues semaines. les ai vus à l'oeuvre, jeconfondu devant le dévoueet la généreuse modestie ils n'ont pas cessé de rodé-n'oublieM Ch. Ja.ob. M. Frnidevaux a < tricentenaire de la r du P Raymond Bret nés de La DominiqueCOMMUNIQUÉ Nous sommes «visés que l’important Club du Jeu de Squaah et de Paume, 74 ter, rue Lauriston, a déjà fait sa réouverture. Les nombreux membres du Club ou ceux qui voudront s’inscrire vont enfin pouvoir s’adonner à leur jeu préféré. Noua pouvons annoncer que les accessoires ne manqueront pas.Il y a des douches chaudes et des vestiaires chauffés-Inscrivez-vous des aujourd'huihuisourire à M. Marcel Dupont, 82, rue de Monceau. Ecrire ou se présenter à M E. Planet. 74 ter, rue Lauriston, Paris. Passy : 46-86.ON pouvait craindre que le morcellement Inévitable, que la sécheresse indifférente do la machine n'altérassent le rayonnement et le parfum de ces pages:Courte rentrée de Mme Segond-weber Mme Segond-weber reparaîtra, pour quelques foie seulement, sur la scène de la ComMie-h française.A partir de la première semaine d* mars. A la demande de M. Louis Vaudoyer, Mme Segond-weber. qui, on le sait, est sociétaire honoraire, a bien voulu accepter de donner quelques représentations d° Rritannicus, où elle jouera le rôle d'Agrippine.Nouvelle fortune du Théâtre de l’Humour Depuis quelques semaines. Théâtre de l’Humour montrait portas clones. Bientôt il sortira de son silence...Le Jenme-Colombler, en effet, s’y installera. Nul doute que cette troupe, aux destinées de laquelle président maintenant M. Serge Aubray «t Raymond Raynal, ne connaisse dans la salle de la rue Foutaln* une brillante carrière. On dit qu’elle v montera, pour commencer, une pièce d Oscar Wilde.■ NOUVEAUTÉS «R A VA PAPAj] Soir. 20 h. (sf mardi), en. et saï. 15 h. 1 Dim. 14 h.. 17 h. et 20 h.(Suite de la première page.) IL faut écouter au fond de soila musique glacée de la neige. Elle n'apporte pas à deux pays, elle n'insinue pas dans deux Ames une seule fois, la même chanson. J’ai toujours aimé aborder une ville inconnue sous la neige. D’un coup, on en saisit l’essentiel, ce qui la distingue de toute autre, et la relie pourtant à l'ordre secret des cités charnelles.Cette année il neige, pour moi, à Paris. 11 neigeait, pour moi, l’an dernier dans l'immense plaine de Poméranie où les sapins semblent, tout l'hiver, des arbres de Noël prêts à recevoir les cadeaux divinsMoi, j’aime la neige... répète, ces jours-ci, mon fils comme je le conduis à l’école. Il aime la neige pour de mystérieuses raisons qui s'accordent à son paradis enfantin. parce que sans doute elle est blanche. parce qu’elle invite aux glissades. parce qu’elle est cette poussière brillante dont on pétrit les projectiles des premiers combats de garçons. parce qu'elle fond comme une eau (douce au creux d'urne main enfantine. L'enfance, d instinct, sait le chant de la neige. Mais tout homme qui garde en soi, comme un coin bleu dans un ciel d’orage, un lambeau d'enlance encore intact, ne voit pas tomber sans une joie grave, un étrange plaisir, les rlobons poudreux. Us l’invitent à remonter vers sa jeunesse, à revivre des heures étouffées, à revoir ces grands feux clairs où , le bois craque comme en fusées. Les pauvres eux-mêmes que le froid (mord comme u : loup aux gueuses innombrables aiment mieux da neige que la bise. Et le tapis léger sur les char, tient chaud eaux graines qui devront germer. 11 y a une douceur vivante de la neige qu’aucun soleil ne peut apporter aux peines d’un homme seul. Elle donne à la rue la plus lépreuse, à la terre la plus désolée une fraîcheur, un éclat de jeune fille. 11 faut aimer la neige comme une sœur.A la mémoire des victimesde la terreur bolcheviqueSur l'initiative du Comité d’Entriait* des Emigrés Russes en France, a été célébrée, en l’église orthodoxe de la rue Daru, une ceremonte religieuse à la mémoire dee victimes de la Terreur Rouge et de la lutte contre le bolchevisme.Parmi les nombreuses personnalité» qui y assistaient, on remarquait notamment : S.A.I. le Grand Duc André de Russie et S.A.I. le Grand Duc Cyrille de Russie. I-a Légion des volontaire* français contre le bolchevisme, était repèrecensé par M. Eugène Deloncle chef du Mouvement Social Révolutionnaire.A'Ida VALU est la « Lumière dan* le* ténèbres ». qu sera présenté à partir de demain erABC. 15-20 h. Charplnl. Brancato. C. Sors!. Alhambra Revue 42 Ginette Leclene. Anlo.ne. 15 h.-20 h. 15. E*P»ir (A. Claveatu. Bobine, 15-30 h., M. G.lbert. Lacoste. P»*doc. Ce*, de Pari». 20 h Gde Revue M.*t|ngueu Etoile. 15-30 h. 15. Grande Roue 1900. Européen. 15-20.15. Milton. Jeanne Hèricart. Folies-Berxère. 1» 45 Folie* d un soir. Lldo 20 h La Revue de Par» Luna-Park. Attract. de 14 h. 30 a 20 h. Mayol. 15-20 h. Le Paradis du Nu. Petit CMlno. Relâche heM#m*-1alre Tabertn. 20 h. 15. Dana notre miroir.; N ne découvrirait tant doute1 1 n pat dans la littérature franc ” taise un sommet incontestable ; et incontesté, un de ces génie* si • prestigieux qu'ils dominent aisément • tous les autres. L'Allemagne a Gœthe, ! l’Angleterre Shakespeare, l'Italie Dan: te, l’Espagne Cervantès. Sans doute $ avons-nous Pascal... mais, par l’ami| pleur, du moins, l’œuvre de Pascal • n'est point du même ordre que celles • que je viens d'évoquer. Ce génie de • feu a brûle si vite !... Le temps ne $ lui fut point laissé. î Par contre, notre littérature, si foi* ! sonnante, si riche en tempéraments ; divers, a peut-être plus d'unité enté• rieur que d autres. On peut la cas caractériser d'un trait : elle est avant î tout, essentiellement, une littérature î de moraliste*. Et non point seulement ; par Montaigne, Pascal, Rousseau, ; Proudhon, Gide, mais par presque • toutes ses figures et par tous ses ! genres. Racine est un moraliste tram pique et Molière un moraliste satire-que. Qu’est-ce que le lyrisme roman-MA femme m a dit mec : Qu’est-ce que tu e* là, à gauche, qui déforme ton veston ? — Ici, là 7 C’est mon portefeuille. — Qu’est-ce qu'il peut bien y avoir dedans 7 — Tu va* voir.jolie actrice, aussi partcharmante, qui s'est prêtée a ce caprice, s'amusant A jouer '.e rMe de Cendrillon pour un noir. Un Caprice 7 c>»t le début du fou-20 RUt Dt CUCHY.TRi:9l-4è — *tx0ie L'avecLEJAZZoePARJI$0lR£E$à20h. MAHWUS QlM.àlthlOlWTEMPETE sur les flous ,. TEMPÊTE dons les coeurs...11111111111111111111*111111111111111111111111 mi m u m moi un miiiiiiiiiiiiiiHiiiinuiii A PARTIR 1)L LS LÉVRIEREDWIGE FEUILLERE et P. RICHARD-WILLMdansLA DAME AUX CAMELIAS■■■■■ LOCATION OUVERTE DE 11 H. A IR H. ■■■■■Chr* Llle il# r Voinen Umfn-cabatet Icrln il», r Joubem L#o Marjane. I florence. 61, t. Blanche. Attractiona. Uraoo Jeu. an.r.risau» Atoui... cwt Jocfcci 1127. bd Montpamasaei Attract. Moeico 66 t. P.salle PUier-SoeM 70 II Nirhl < luh ià r Ar* -Hnuiaavei Attraç»’nn* Ne». O r Chimpollici Quart Lat L H#rara Sheh*rmde 13 r d» l »e»i Monica Tanasr» *. * P.-Charron. Attractions Venu* ill. bd M .n'-iarn Bal.eU Al race CIRQUESNos vedettes jouent au profit des anciens combattants du spectacle12 FEVRIERSte-EULALIEA l occasion de la Salnte-Eulalle. HenriOpéra. Relâche Opéra-tlomique. 18 h. 30. La Clunaon a Pa-ri*. La Pantoufle de Vair. Comédie-Française. 14 h. 30. Lé Misanthro-pe. Le Paaaint. 20 h.. Le Barbier de Séville. Grlntolre. _. __ Odeon. 14 h. M>. Le CM. 19 h. 30. Le Cour-rieur de Lyon ImiH'iaururi. 19.15 Echec S Don Juan. Apollo 20 h. Toi mufti mol. Atelier. 19 h, 30, Eurydice. Kuuffee-Parkien*. 18.30. Une Jeune tille «avait Ch.-Elysée». l»..x>. Jeanne avec nous. Chartes de Rochefort. Relâche hebdomadaire. Châtelet. 14.30-19.45. Valse* de Vienne. Cité. 15 h.. L'Avare. 19 h 30. L* Princessede* Urein* Oaunou zo b. 15. Tout n’est pas noir. Edouard-Vll. 15-19.45. Une belle histoire Oalté-Lyrique. 14.30-20 h. L Auberge quichante. , .. Gd-Guignol. 20 n. Le souffle de au-delà. Grand-Palai<. Vendredi. Minfred. Gsmnave 19 h. 45. Comédienne, ll'rhertot 1« 45 Mon boy. est sur la terre. Madeleine. 20 h Sacha Guitry et André Brulé Mvien.* h-. Passionnément. Mathurin». Z0 n Michel 19 h 20 _. __ Miehodlére 20 h. Hjménée Mogaxtnr. 14 30-20 h L. r.’.1Montparnasse. Relâche pour répétition Noelamhnles 30 b. Lé bout le la route.t unc-Rousae. 20 h 30. Martini. J. Rieux. CABARETSGRAND-GUIGNOL mf.tiÎÔ b!’’D;.u:Ch,.h".ptiart. LE SOUFFLE DE L’AU-DELA Tous les soirs A 20 h. 30, mat. samedi, dimanche, lundi à 15 h.e.15-20 h.. Rianche-Netge. CINÉMASdeuils Nous apprenons la mort de la comtesse de Puységur, née du Bouchage, décédée dans sa 86* année au château de Chanteloup, près Cognac. , .— On annonce la mort de Mme René Devaulx de Chambord, nee Riant. ,. .Nous apprenons la mort ae Mlle Cécile Becquart, pieusement décédée à Annecy vingtième année.— Le comte de Bressieux vient de mourir à Nevoy (Loiret). Il était le père et le beau-père du comte et de la comtesse de Bressieux et du marquis et de la marquise de Solages.rocheblisson.de 'TlUMtdieu^! alourdissent inutilement un texte dont les meilleure* page* ions constituée» par de* Dotation» saisie» »ur le vif. Alfred Fabre-Lace : « Unfils du ciel » (N.R.F.).•OUVRAGE de M. AlfredFabre I use, qui est un livre savoureux, foisonnant, subtil, sagace, est à peine un roman. On y trouvera bien plutôt une suite de variations sur quelque* thème* que l’intelligence et l information de l'auteur enrichi*sent et rendent éclatant». Voilà de la littérature de moraliste, s'il en fut essai* ! Tout y e*t réflexion, couple jeu, nuance*. jusqu au style même qui relève dune lucidité aiguisée plu* que d’une sensibilité intense. Le héros • prétexte de M. Alfred Fahre-Luce, Maucroix, est un thème vivant plu* qu un personnage de roman; c’c*t l'ombre qui permet à l'auteur de nous présenter ses réflexions et se* rêve» sur le surhomme d'aujourd’hui.Le moralise, quand il e*t jailli d'un authentique tempérament décrivait et servi par un esprit pénétrant, ne donne point des livres ossifiés, f ’w Fil* du ciel n’ennuie ni ne lasse jamais. Dans sa volontaire sécheresse même, il y a bien de la grandeur. L’auteur sait presque aussi bien voir que méditer. Il ne peint pas, il dessine et le trait même de son dessin est souvent plus évocateur que les diapures de mille colons. Vous pouvez ouvrir ce livre sobre et nourri, peutêtre vous agacera-t-il par endroits, vous le trouverez court et riche. Dans son ordre, il est excellent. Joë Bousquet : « Traduitdu silence » (N.R.F.).EUX pour qui l’authentiquelignée du moralise français demeure plu* proche de Pascal que de La Rochefoucauld ou de France liront avec passion le journal de M. Joe Bousquet : Traduit du silence. Grand blessé de 1918, l'auteur est, depuis, un reclus et unUn jeune homme riche, par canâtcelai. un soir. A traruitorjeune marchande de violetentrée dans .a rue. en une Parisienne : U l a vêtueAujourd'hui ——•—■ LA CRITIQUE DES LIVRESLindrr. L# M< UtilUlnn Moulin-Roui* Nuit *1* Vienne » -*• 1 8inmi*ndie. 1^ C -*min de 1* ltber*4 Ol.mpi* M*m relie Bcna$>*rte Attraction* Fiç<wt» Peehe» de ieune**e FuUo-Bnche. nuire Id 1 mi pêche. Panthéon Fn mont Jeune et RUler aluns. Faram uni Tme Itn**' W‘> • Fcreire On • voie un hor'-me. Royale Map» SlmrtLe chant de la neige aujourd'hui n'est point seulement un chant d'oubli, il est d'abord un chant de promesse, le champ fragile d'un espoir menacé. La neige, cette année peut-être plus que toute autre, ressemble à sa compagne, la nuit : e!L est douce parce qu’elle efface, elle est lourde du jour qu’elle annonce. Il n’est pas de nuit que n’allège une aube, pas de neige qui ne couve un espoir.L’année où nous entrons à pas lents, à pas qui s’enfoncent dans la laine racée qui couvre l’Europe ces jours-ci, verra se poursuivre un grand combat. Déjà, à PEst, la neige est teinte d'un sang de soldat. Elle fondra sous le tiède printemps, elle libérera les routes et les plaines. Elle laissera la voie libre aux luttes d'hommes, la voie dépouillée. Alors les choses reprendront leur poids et les efforts tout leur efficace. L’héritage de vingt siècles se jouera; que cède ou triomphe la Russie marxiste, il ira de cette ombre que, sur l’Europe, même divisée contre elle-même, depuis vingt siècles projette la Croix, il ira du destin de chaque nation d'Occident, de chacun de nous.C'est pourquoi on souhaite, plus, on voudrait, que la neige apporte aujourd'hui la promesse d'une fidélité des peuples chrétiens à leur passé, la certitude d’un salut commun.J.-P. M.action et pour applaudir cinquante artistes de première grandeur, dont And-* Beau»*, président de la Fédération de* Anciens Combattant» du Spectacle î Maurice Eecande. vice-président i Maurice Teynac, Piortette Lecomte. André Luguet. Mistingueft. Frébel. Adolphe Botchard Solange Schwarti Henry Carat. Da*say. Muratore. le* Ijmqaao. Cécile Sorel. Milton. Raymond Souplex. Jano Sourxa. Ana de Espana ei Sacha Guitry.Sacha Guitry avait promis de soumettre aux enchères à l'ain*ricaine _deux objets choisis dan* sa collection, de* amateurs se disputèrent deux vante souvenirs : le» moulages dee de Victor Hugo et de Chopin.S. Exc. M. de Brinon honorait présence cette belle œandestaiion de bienfahanee. M. le Dr Rahn représentait S. Ex. M. Abets.lune littérature de moralistesHt*bruis 12-2-42Aujourd'huiSTABILITED’EAU D’EGOUTde la Loterie nationales’est produite le jourLA REGLEnous chaufferont Le numéro 714.6 52 gagne 5 millionsde “Héritieret alimenteront<urr>en>edu billet nos moteurs5tandisOva être instaurée6(Suite de la première page)cube»ce voirunioni expo tonnelier*fou-Smrtpour.2EN ANGLETERRE81S* 79*Mm eue39VICHY. 11 février.•M.74»nationaleété très remarqué.dîner par le chef de l'Etat.LA RÉPARTITION DES FROMAGESS’EST AMÉLIORÉELE SINISTRE DU NORMANDIE•'gén.ei tei oe» ■*-et les vieillards recevraient du lait écréméF. nconfirment les soixante-dix témoinsdeCommuniqué allemandentendus par les enquêteurspartie « hoi(Suitecee pas trio;aul’attorney•s decePatiertarezEt le lest écrémédisputentu* deaccompliPériode deroOKÎO. 11 février.d2»portante que le gouvernement enta-d.il'égard*nf cependant ûquitte*dn d'ruerommrnçfl dattaqueont étarqueDU GRAND PARIS.■e an5haépine dEN BIRMANIEIMPORTANT MOUVEMENTdans l'administration préfectoraleiénonété:LES PIEDESTAUXRhumatismemal rebellefont regretter les statuesdeVICHY. 11Defaitnal nomDU GRAND PARIS.à l’admin.Ftrat.onfigée de colza'Distribution de confiturespas toua draie. rituai elle oMsous-préfetMONTE-CARLOlevé* dePrincesse oe la Côte c Azurau:• e et de Jeapie» belles laeaifestoti**» artistique»le ia préFAITS DIVERSiondteccur»b'jacte Jean Boire, «5 ara. 41 rue deAUX HALLES CENTRALESVOLAILLE.142 kilos, dontl.iquêtant*4le cadavre d’unVentes et adjudicationsnul.ISS nil5triton1 (NW kilos.a31 010chape-Mme Picard, négociante enElude ce MM'deux engin*.1» < * La clef des songesaJahtoft.(«hmdrii’FpWud39 et <3 ans,dan» un t*u3:sl I*KD1 »interrogeaudKatniableMtui *lée la nuit dernière per des du» qui brisaient sa vitrinefixée* de tenu desWt MH fi* 247*bl ti¬ent couru a l’occasion de l’incendie du paquebot « Normandie » dan*utero cit.. du billetrendortmarquer à Vichy que, bien qu’au moment du sinistre 11 n’y ait pas eu d’arrangement conclu entre le* autorités américaine* et la Compagnie centrale transatlantique le* droits de cette dernière demeurentdu paquebot demandera plusieurs moi*.des école i primai l’art et de indus-M Ma ■ la p>n de» prof d que .a «L’AMIRAL HART DEMISSIONNEOn ne dép ort heureusement aucube victime.On souligne, en effet, que la perte du navire a eu lieu après sa remise aux autorité* américaine*détaillant» et romanoest nommé liard. prem. ment de tr.aintr-n'i diix. foui endormede boxattaqué,t demain1 ions.grandesortante de front in si donner sa* me partie de lei à un hécontinuernon.art*:» qui g aa. dan* laAvant de chercher l'explication de vos rêve*, appliquez-vous donc à ce qu'il* soient de beaux rêve». Assurez le parfait équilibré de votre organisme «oignez votre système digestif, calmez vo* nerf*, en un mot. prenez chaque voir une tasse de Thé de» Fami.lee Le The des Famille* est très ai boire même sans sucre. 1 boîte 7 fr. 15 chez votre pharmaco.Que excuse' non» s quelleleur mère reposait depuis plusieurs tour» sur *on Lit. L* mort remontait a *;x jour*.Le Journal officiel a publié ce man le* mutations et nomination» su-l'administra ti oiEmilien Reuillet, gardien de la avait et* impliqué dan» la peurcontre plusieurs personne» prived avoir bénéficié de ticket» vole» mairie de Charenten et parmi le»-.8 perjée T9,-or centi M dot *T'ompièene1 P*’ * »binaire. une voisine pieux femme» qui, neLES RECEPTIONS DU MARECHVLDe,*, onMare au T1officielles se renia net suaire donné à la de la prise élevée deRog-r Y .ABBES, de Salnt-Maur, condamné* à mort pour activité en faveur de l’ennemi par suite d'agissements gaulliste*, ont été fusillé* aujourd’hui.Farte, le 11 février 1942M. Chtrbin exposera dimanche la politique du ravitaillementdéclaré à la Chambre de» représentants que 1 eecroisFement annuel de la population du japon depuis 2941 dépose» un million.février. annonce que na pas a’ta-Seine rappelle aux commerçants détaillante qu’ils ne doivent pas refuser de délivrer, aux clients Inscrit* cher eux. le vin auquel il» ont droit, même ai ce* client* ne *e présentent i>a* au jour fixé par eux.LONDRES. 11 février. Le* événements actuel* laissent prévoir un nouveau remaniement du cabinet.Il n’est pa* sans intérêt de noter à ce propos oue dans beaucoup de cercles londoniens on considère que sir Stafford Cripps pourrait bien, jour l’Angleterre être l’homme de demain. Son discours à la radio, dans lequel 11 a préconisé une étroite alliance avec IT.R.S.S., aDes terroristes détruisent deux permanences du M.S.R.che-bofi, nousprécédemment nomméCh r.^tain VITRYprécis* la enviachiiire» suivant» le population t630.DOC > 1940DOVARNENEZ 11 février Mme veuve Doffer 70 an*, viviACCROISSEMENT de la POPULATION NIPPONE1 MILLION PAR ANquarantaine detrente mille Britannique» sont encerclé» au centre de l’île fortifiée par les troupes japonaise* qui avancent de trois côté*.DOULLENS. 11 février D» notre correspondant particulebrique***» ce ré» eut d egou*». Ne f*isors pe* ie» dégoûté» ; elle* irons g» rer».e* combu»t>D>es e* beuteo.eaique-du 2.602™' anniversaire de l’EmpireUn ex-gardien de prison retourne a la Santé...comme détenupar un cam on. Transporté * Ceohm.de la Guerre annonce que la pressa les forces ni1 armée du généralLe vin du rationnement peut être touché en dehors du jour fixé par le détaillantUn fonds national de solidarité agricoleva être constituéABDA, a dede ses fonce santé. LeVICHY, 11 février. Un projet de loi tendant à renforcer la stabilité de la famille et de la propriété paysanne est en préparation.La notion du bien de famille serait considérablement élargie et ce régime s’étendrait a la presque totalité des exploitations agricole* sou* résine de certaines condition* de superficie et de valeur maxima et mini ma et néanmoins façon souple et compte circonstance* locale*.lus dévolution du bien ratier unique chargé de 1 exploitation serait réalisée seulement par donation ou testament mais deviendrait la réglé en matière de succession.Les droit* des autre* cohéritiers seraient néanmoins sauvegardés ; il serait également prévu une aide particulièrement souple des caisses de crédit agricole.pouvons dr>une explosion e est produite dans un immeuble, 140, Grande-Rue, au rez-de-chaussée duquel est située la permanence du M. S. RTOKIO, 11 février. que les troupes japonaises franchissaient les derniers kilomètres qui les séparaient encore de la forteresse de Singapour, le peuple japonais tout entier célébrait, dans l attente et le recueillement. le 2.602’ anniversaire de la fondation de l’Empire du Soleil Levant. Pour ce jour du Kigensetsu, toute* les demeures, depuis la moindre chaumière jusqu’aux gratte-ciel de Tokio. ont été pavoisées aux couleurs nationales. La foule des grands jours de fête, rassemblée devant le palais impérial, est lente rendre hommage au Temple des héros morts pendant la guerre de Chine, tandis que les autorités baient au grandL'assaut final avait été précédé colline la plus Boukit-Timah• >, uniqueLe commutainomactuellementLa brigade mobile a été prévenue ainsi que le service du laboratoire municipal. qui examine les débris aes ‘La situation juridique des ressortissants français devant les tribunaux allemands•v en conjtructw qu 3.000 métré» cube», d'ravinons * mini KlinOu» ae 10 i 1» htrop faillie La ymseanre du jet ne délassait pa» arroi métrés.plombier* qui travaillaient à côté du soudeur accusé* d avoir Involontairement provoqué l’incendie ont déclaré qu’ils avalent été chargé* de remplacer la tuyauterie française par une tuyauterie américaine au niveau de la ligne de flottaison.Cinq millions de dollarsde dégâts GENFATL. 11 février Suivant le* demiere» nouvelle*, le* dt g*t» sont estime* à cinq million* de dollar*. La remise en étatRAPATRIES D'ANGLETERRE SUR LEUR DEMANDE TROIS SOUS-OFFICIERS AVAIENT MANQUÉ LE PAQUEBOT A LISBONNErésidant sumarrhsiidr0 •»»• n »»»mer* »»•» en-.e-ement ré*te. Ce gei »*r« utile »é comme herburent pour de» vécu es «utomoo e*.leur» juge» Alegart. 1# à S ans de bénéfice du rxpheaïion»Le troisième prévenu Jean Blanc, n a pae comparu, et le tribunal » e*t vu contraint de le débouter de son opposition. La condamnation prononcée par le tribunal maritime devient donc deiimtive contre lui... Le Droit c de cee cruauté».Prochain tirage : 25 février 1942 à LyonindiceMena¬ crée, e. e ae jeta de a* fenêtre. •> tuée a.u premier étape, dan» la cour de l’immeuble et donna l'alerte.LES VENTES A L’HOTELépier. 23 ans rue Léon et quatre femmes : Christiane Pèricard, 24 ans ; Renée Kuhn. 23 ans, rue Emile-Duployer ; Marthe Bes-e. né» Per-r.n 23 an», rue Affre et Me.ame Hardoüin, veuve Boyer. M ans. concierge rue de ChartresAu cours des perquisitions effectués» à ce» diverger adreeeee 1* police a découvert des tords impur> tança de pa.,ras de chaussure*.DES RENFORTS NIPPONS SONT ARRIVÉS WASHINGTON. 11 férieque le navire était muni de tous les moyens de luttecontre le feu NEW-YORK. 11 février. L'ambassadeur de France à Washington. M. Henri-Haye, a exprimé aux représentant» de la presse à Washington le deuil du peuple français à ia suite de la perte du « Normandie >. le chef-d'œuvre kplu» fier de» chantier» navale français. L’ambassadeur a Invoqué l’enquête en cours pour se refuser à toute déclaration sur le* causes de l’incendie. Il a toutefois indiqué que ie navire était muni des dispositif* les plu» modernes et le* plus efficace* pour I* lutte contre le feu. Les droits de la Compagnietransatlantique demeurent entiersVICHY. 11 février.tec «r cannait le» d arcreioement de 19T 9^0.OPf ; 1939 93C.OOO ■ 1941. 1.070.OOtcorrespondait a un double but récupérer un bronze détenu métal précieux et débarrasser la capitale de laideurs insultant d son ctui’on.placement de M Nevire placé sur sa demande dans la position de disbombe té.M. Houques, secrétaire général de la préfecture de la Côte-d'Or, e»t nommé sous-préfet de V^jidôme en rempiaesment de M Troui'le, nommé »t>u»-préfet de Saint-Malo.ce de ! aeswtance junte .es même» juridioLes coupons 3 et 8 de la carte de charbonpourront être utilisésen certains cass »• Beat présentés devin* : Gcuuon Impérial et Yves tribunal o rameux la peine prise* et leur a accord» le sursis, après les excellentesde leur défenseur.t» DIVEXM » F1ECE* î»r Tl KXt GONESSE et LE THILUYRFI RKFb. — *ppr<>»iMtinn* : il yd'I néville de lal’île,. située à neuf kilomètres de Singapour. Depuis 8 heures hier matin. 1 aviation nippone avait systématiquement pilonné les positions britanniques. Aucun apare.I anglais n'avait pu prendreSculemcNf, on a laissé le» piédestaux L'industrie a peut-être reçu satisfaction, mon farta a ét< dmdonné !On •ai-aïf que le piédestal est nécessaire â la statue, mat» on ne soupçonnait pas encore a que! point la statue est indispensable au piédestal.Tout vaut mieux même les bonsAomme» fixés dons leur redingote, qu* ces hideux et volumineux motnon* de pierreRichard BORELi* p -ue dtr none cour.* ; M B surpeigne en remplacement de M Gue rideaux, appelé sur sa demande, à d’autres fonctions.M. Gomot, sous-préfet de Sartêne. est nommé sous-préfet de Saintes, en remplacement de M Housse’ot, nommé sous-préfet de CompïègneM Perreau-Pradieir. eoue-prèfet hors classe *m nommé secret air* général de la préfecture du Loiret, première M Maou» lier 4*471» eu parage de la 2«tranche de 1* Loterie regarde* d abord le dernier chiffre de entre billet Grèce eu» antre* rapidement »i le dernier chiffre d» antre billetSir Stafford Cripps est-il l’homme de demain?none conla côte nord-ouest de 1 Allemagne. Au cours de combats défensif de ces jours derrière. 1 adjudantd un groupe de compagnie du 119*ordre» de l'Amirauté T Jean-Leuie-Dreyiu» * touchait Lisbonne le 27. et le* trois »ou» officier» descendaient à terre. Le charme de la capitale le» retint... et le 29 ferayue le navire appareilla, ils n avaient pas retond ie bord.Le tour mime, cependant, il» »e pré sentaient au consulat de France aui assurait leur rapatriement à Toulon.Iis furent démobilisés son» difficulté. Mais le S février 1941. le tribunal man aune ie» condamnait, par défaut, à dix ai.» de pense et a la confiscation de leurs biens pour désertion à l'étranger en temps de guerre.Tou» trois avaient fait opposition au •ipezneai devant Ae tribunal correction-venin de < la ratio judicatum boive » devant le» tribunaux allemand* *t pourront, s ils remplissent le* ions nir le bénef. dioxine leva;damné, et Robert Barret, 2e an», rue de la Chine, ont été arrêté»® D*e cambrer, cure ee sont introduit» c.hex M Victor N industriel! 33, avenue Philippe-Auguste, et ont dérobé 6.000 franc*, cinq dentier» en or. un manteau d’astrakan va-lecture de .a Côte-d’Or. M de Verbixier sous-préfet de tram ère olaaee, d.recteur du cabinet du préfet régional de Rouen.M. Trouille sou#-; dôme, est nommé Saint-Ma.lo. deuxième Vile de Luçon se montent tenant à environ cinq div.-M. suite à la Quelle» se trouvaient de* gardien» de ia paix et de* gendarme.1, de cette localité.Les débat» du precé» devan’ la 14' chambre correctionnelle ont établi crue la prévention contre M. Emilien Rouille* était sans fondement, et le tribunal a prononcé son acquittement.instant» plus tard ca.mbrir>leur*. Ce sont : George* Lavigne. 20 ans demeurant rue Poncelet ; Marcel Ansel. 21 ans ; Toussaint-Hochet, 25 ans. nul deux demeurant rue EmilDuployer : André Cochet 21Le père se chauffait les enfants mouraient de froidavitalllemer k.e prochainAVIS Robert ALCOULOMBRE,Achats directs aux Halles pour les famillesde huit enfantsion oe • Ville, pour b de» yeux. de prévoit d épuration biologique.Sévèrement condamnés, leur bonne foi leur fait obtenir en appel... le sursislavis que Rangoon au cours de la journée de mardi. Par contre, les aviateurs nippons ont bombardé à nouveau la ville de Thaton ; auI cun détail r.'est donné sur le*, résultats de ce raid. que ajoute que de furieux bats ‘ , : dans la région de Moulmein.41 X PHILIFPIXESBOUCHERIE TT'*^.T» *4j 4 m*r* 1» h. 3* *•M J. XobinU statue du colonel Villebois-mareuil livrée à la récupérationAMSTERDAM.il février. L agence Reuter annonce office bellement que l’amiral Hart.Commandant en chef des forces navales dan* la zone mandé d'être relevé étions pour raisons vice-amiral Helfrich commandant en chef par intérim.de M Toesca, précédemment nommeLes gendarmes enquêtant sur le compte des époux Bai seul, à Montreiet ont trouvé le perle se chauffent devant un feu vif alors que ses quatre enfant-* x* de 3 è 10 ans mouraient de faim et de froid dans une p éce voisine privés de vêtement» et de couvertures.Les pavent^ indigne» interrogés ont avoué que s’ils mangeaient à leur faim, leurs enfant* devaient * se débrouiller » en mendiant.Lee époux Bailieul avaient déjà laissé mourir de froid une de leur* fillettes il y a quelque» moi».Les quatre ma heureux enfants ont été transporté» â l’hôpital.d* solide contribue:Pour échapper des pilleurs de magasinsune femme se jette par la fenêtreGardien d» prison révoqué. George» Tackson avait volé à Bon patron, directeur d une agence immobilière. un rhèerue en blanc qu’il avait rempli pour 68.030 francs. Il ne put toucher la somme, par suite d une opposition au paiement pratiquée sans retard.Tackson avait alors imaginé de dénoncer son patron comme étant un juif dangereux. Celui-ci, qui n es* pas Israélite, déposa une plainte qui, hier, aboutissait à la condamnation de l'ex-gardien de prison c F mois de prison.Trois seconds maîtres du «c Pari» » avenété dirige» sur l'Angleterre au début de juin 1940 Apres l'affaire de Mers El Kébir, ils déclarèrent net leur refus de servir dans la marine anglaise et demandèrent à être rapatriés. Le 23 juillet, ils embarquaient à Liverpool sur un cargo à destination de Marseille le » Jecn-Louis-Dreyius », avec 1.450 autres marins et soldats qui avaient également manifesté leur volonté de rentrer en France.En route, le commandant du navire était averti que le « Meknes * venait d’être torpillé. Il décidait alors de se diriger sur Lisbonne pour y faire escale et attendre des française. Le «nel — car les luges correctionnel», et none occupée, ont provisoirement compétence peur connaître oe» délit» mini-fricote destiné a lancement de» lois ...ale* a lagr.cul-Les vole dr feuille* de ticket* la mairie de CharentonDEPUIS SIX JOURS deux pauvres d'esprit vivaient auprès du cadavrede leur mèredé été enCèlèbeeLES REPERCUSSIONS DE LA VICTOIRE NIPPONEVUES DE CANBERRAMELBOURNE. 11 février. Le gouvernement australien, au coure d'une longue réunion, e examiné quelles seraient, pour l'Australie, les répercussion» de la chute deLONDRES AVOUE LA PRISE DE MARTABANLONDRES 11 février. Parlant de la guerre en Birmanie. le speaker de la B B C. a déflairé que les Japonais avaient téra-Lr* cour* du 11 février 1OLAILI r* — Le lapin mort vaut *0 ; i* mat* .* ewe. yd» M Schmitt, p’né'-édente mé sous-préfet ae Bayonneversé le fleuve Salouen et qu’ils occupaient maintenant Martaban, Important terminus de la ligne de chemin de fer de Rangoon.FURIEUX COMBATS DANS LE SECTEUR DE MOULMEINRANGOON. 1 Le communiquéjaponaiseduite par un engin à peu pré* identique au premier. La boutique a été complètement démolie.L enquête a prouve que 1 engin avait été placé devant cette boute-d« VemeiUe». le 1» mare i»u. » il n »e IMMEUBLE de RAPPORT à PARIS17, rue Le PeletierLe général WAVELL regagne en hâte le Q.G. de JavaSchmidtch*1 combat à la 1 , régiment d'infanterie, »’est particulièrement distingué.d attribuer de litre deC'est une lampe à souder qui a provoqué l incendieEt quelles racines, Seigneur ? Cubiques, cylindriques, hexaédriques, elles sont toute» énormes Elles touchent 1rs horizons et b**vsent ;t» perspectives.Tout de même, nous voudrions* étr. fixés. On nous avant dit quegite formation bntann.que? a de la nuit dergénéra, de ia préfecture de la Côtemajor. prem.ère elaaee, eo remplacement ae M Houques, nommé souspréfet de Vendôme.M Bonn» ud-De amarre. s sous-préfet de Montbe.,a.rd. non installé, rst maintenu dans les fonction* de sous-AVIS André DURAND, du Man*, condamné à mort pour espionnage. a été fusillé aujourd'huiPari*, le 11 février 1M2Une crise de rhumatisme en présager d autres, souvent douloureuse* que la première. ] éviter ces récidives, il faut à prix chasser du sang les poix. urique* qui sont la fausse du mal. Cest ce que fait la Potion Duchartreux, remarquable préparation antiurique assoupi1ère, sous-préfet de Saintpavé sur sa demande dan» r. de disponibilité.ère casse, on remplaceM BonnRud-De.amareM Chaumeil, conte ; ola^f-e au conse:’.tien. La police enquête • Ce matin, à 9 h. 30. un vio ent incendie s’est déc.aré dal* la imbrique de pianos Gaveau, T0, ru* Castel * Fontenay-sou*-Bois. Ma^g-é l’intervention rapide des pompiers de la localité, secondés par ceux de Vincennes et de Pans, le.* dégâts s’élèvent â un million de franc*. (De nos correspondants particulier»)CHATEAUROUX. — On a découvert dans un tram, en gare de Chetimon oindrez, le cadavre d'un homme. L'enquête a établi qu’il * agit d’un juif polonais.LILLE — Victor Denaever vendait à Ronenda* du café WXï franc# le kilo, de la viande A 180 franc* le kilo. Il a été arrêté.e d'un accord 1Une attaque de grande envergure sur l'Indonésie est commencéeBATAVIA. 11 février. En même temps que Fasse ut contre Singapour, le» Japor.a.s ont lance une attaque de grande envergure contre les Indes néerlandaises Ces opérations, ainsi que 1 occupe^on de Maca^sar au sud des Ce’èbes et les infiltrationsMnroé. où des combats se avivent actuellement.boue» rés duire. E e *r fer qui un eng-*i», ce qui ff'eit pe» étonne me il e e en ive-e eu»»0*» egg omet’ne vingtaine t de les éteins-est et sud-ouest de l’île de Bornéo, semblent attester une manoeuvre préliminaire à une attaque contre Batavia et Soura-baye..Le généra.’. Wavell. commandant en chef de* forces alliée» unifiées dans le Pacifique du sud-ouest, qui t était rendu récemment sur le front de Birmanie, et devait, croyait-on. se rendre à la Nouvelle-Dehli pour conférer avec le maréchal Tohang Keî Chek est rentré précipitamment aujourd’hui à son quartier généra’, à Java.NOUVEAU DÉBARQUEMENTNIPPONAUX INDES NÉERLANDAISESBATAVIA 11 février. On annonce officiellement cet après-midi que de nouveaux baraquements nippons ont rectums dans une île des notamment à Macassar. B pi. Djeqe^ont et FarambtD'autre part, les troué# naines dtoarqnées hier ont atteintpuer-préfet de Chalon-sur-Saône en remp.6r«ment de M. de Beaumai».M Mauleaon, intendant de police a Lyon, est nommé sous-préfet de Chalon-sur-Seône en rcm.placement de M. de Villeneuve, délégué dansde 1» première page) témoin» entendu* per du district du port de ont tous confirmé que le feu avait été mis au navire par une lampe à souder qui a Enflammé de* bouée* de sauvetage.Il réduite du rapport remis par le soudeur qu’il était en train de couper une barre d’acier dan» un salon lorsqu une étincelle tomba sur une halle de amok placée à une soixantaine de centimètre* de 1 endroit où il travaillait.— La barre d acier, expliqua-t-il, n’avait pas été complètement coupée. lorsque le feu se déclara. On pouvait voir des flammes courir d’une balle à grand*les débris* d'une dément. Un peu plu» tard, à une autre explosion av Sèvres, également leva: patience du M. S. R., grand-rue, dont le président. M Fouqu.ere*. tient à cet endroit un magt.r:.n de charbon.LA CHUTE DE SINGAPOUR, Il BR1QUETTES ET VAPEUR Tirage de la 26e trancheCe» emmeniez qu ur objet : •*REGNAULT c“"”’ iT.r.Ciprm (F.. C!(De notre correspondant particulier.) Le Maréchal a reçu ce matin M Pierre Pucheu. mitre secrétaire diktat à l’Ir.tér.eur : M. Perracher, secrétaire général à 1 Education nationale; M. Bonvolein. industriel; M. Jacques Pèricard et .e# membres de .a cour d’honneur deéclations et cald.rapidement. Rhumatismaux de reins, sciatique, goutte, névralgies, cèdent régulièrement à ce traitement. Ttes Phies ou chez le dépositaire généra' : M. Maievent. 6, rue de* Deux-Ponte Paris (IV”). Brochure gratis.l'air. En même temps arrivaient par la ligne reconstruite de Johore des renforts incessants. Depuis mardi après-midi, les innombrables réfugiés qui se pressaient dans l’enceinte de la cité pouvaient entendre le crépitement des armes automatiques. Un dernier bond amena les troupes nippone* dans les bourgs de Singapour.Trente milleBritanniquessont enfermésdans SingapourTOKIO, 11 février. rapports japonais du front qui annoncent l'occupation de laNuméro». cernant*Montant du loth 'neMW>177.32* |IWi INNlémueami INMi»i.s*ieJW IHHlS47 mimi |1 Ml MMi425 7Mi1 MM MMi4 «fil1* MM)(w'i #:i1IW> WMl 6W trial](M> (W6M2(KWI•6. *.42*ll WMl4*R IfUJMI MSi(ri!< 7»IMMMi 412MW fumi39». *721 Ms wiki714 *AÎ3 MW <MM>23.2734(1 MW411*44b 444JfW MM AujdurdTltîU*12-2-42UN GRAND ROM4N HISTORIQUE INEDIT a MousquetaireMOTSLA PREPARATION AU RUGBYLES ETUDIANTSComment envoyerLE CYCLO-CROSS de MONTMARTRECROISESAURONT-ILSOUBRONvêtements et chaussuresProblème n 472LEUR CHARTE?veut être sacréa vos prisonniersdimanchePréfixcependant pu» plu» de volonté pourde* colis de133456789 10d'une|>hy»iqueretableprisonniers de guerre.Jeux et d'exercice» récréatif» qui a-tiers de buer-UN TELEGRAMMEDE L'AMIRAL DECOUXjoueur» Ataient présent» et pendantA L'OCCASION DU TETSCOLAIRES ET UNIVERSITAIRESvie sociale et ml-une leçon très* Intelligente.VICHY, 11 fé(D'La Foire de Grenobleet ion9aura lieudu 6 au 15 juin>oluli<»nSeuls, les matches de basket-ball seront disputés à l'O.S.S.Upérilleux n'axait plu» de secret pourfévrier.en FraEllerépulsion pourJ Dplaisir» L. Epour unLA BOURSE30.Demain soir, boxe, au Cirque d'HiverMarché soutenuPARISBU de dd 11 hde sde ppifa Ceune d<deVfEneriLa revanche HumervA iezeraM 45dre dalndl*i1 Récattendu* en3TNb;*:de FraiprimateRnÀne-P<wà2054signe .Dlmatu»ieepullPour la limitation de la saison de basket-ballDRADIOannée 1941PETITES ANNONCES34)ii h. le.T DU JAPONfr. la ligne>r DEREYBiareaDEMANDES D'EMPLOISboisson, pain.30.CHERCHEapporter1S.pendant de longsPROPRIETESPM"BIJOUTERIE, ORFEVRERIEh.LA VIEBL'RON ACHETEthéâtreSYNDICALEde Pa-FONDS DE COMMERCEARCQuintette aACHATNOZACde PirlR*dl<service;ATHLETISMEHockey sur gazonR PUU tu'BOYER "'TERRAINSducalculerd AnchesENREGISTREUSELOCATIONS£ BOYERà Hadio-Pi2 PsyndicalRadlo-Pa-IMMEUBLES145 000ON VENDCDEREYAJ puce* dont 1A213dimancheMEUBLESmeub**»Nouvelles sportivesNo 32 Feuilleton d’ « Aujourd'hui » 11 février 1942SCIENCES OCCULTESABYW 7LES COURSES DE LÉVRIERSautosbataillesA »PARTRANSPORTSgag.25'4/10 ;m'avez-vousTKANSrxrS V F! (D,répétaitH DEKETER ET FILS me d A i estima PRne -• te 'de lapart desLe gérant : bout# BAZELER3-rue du Louvre. Parta.6*(1) Invraisemblable ! Quelle chose extravagante IMichelet confirme ses brillants débuts30. h.Déclaration des locaux restés inhabités en 1941Pas de Jeux sud-américainsmégarde, jadis ded h DhConseil à peuâges, le cri aragonais. avait dit : non ! Sea et dans leur soudaine le geste eût été con-500 gosses de Paris déjeuneront gratuitementvisuel lent deBIJOUX, 'BRILLANTS 5 BD STRASBOURG^L'équipe de la zone occupée part ce soir pour Lyonpoint îleobstination finissait labéni e mx .. .. — du Château-d'Eau.— Jeudi 1:Quar , R'tué son l’atout Où l’enet d’in-fautera. an• «on indu-ÎSChampions et Challengers se présenteront au mieux de leur formeï~55ï~F< Buffauitdu Rae Vivait0 0 du chef fVI D u 1u RhAnesatisfaisante quant aux résultat». JacquAi MOL LIN IE.'ôta* 5C 000entre les Flandre etIA suivre.) Copyright 1942 t>y Marie-Madeleine CHANTAL and Aujourd'hui.de Radio-Paria, d Solange Bonny-PelCONTENTIEUX, RENSEIGNLes manuscrits non insérés ne sont pas rendus.oublier, trop souvent. .e# confère leur rôle de mancirconstance, uneLa rentrée <ln Belge DE STAERCKEProfesseurs... managers un peu de mesure...La « Boisson chaude » fête son premier anniversaireENERGIE ELECTRIQUE DU LITTORAL MÉDITERRANÉEN6 p Dépend r av 1T5 000p>u;atn par un adret désormais. de «Avères »En raison de la situation actuelle les Jeux sud-américains de 1942. dont les travaux préparatoires avaient déjà coûté environ deux millions de pesos, ont été décommandés.On apprend, d’autre part, qu'après l’Argentine, le Brésil vient à son tour d’annuler son Grand Prix Automobile 1942.Treize amateurs contre onze professionnels La direction du Vélodrome d’Hiver a obtenu de la F F. de cyclisme l'autorisation d'opposer, dimanche prochain, dans son Grand Prix du Conseil municipal de vitesse, une sélection de treize amateurs contre onze professionnels.de ce style qu’une initiative amusante f Non pas. Les journalistes sportifs qui reconnaissaient, hier, derrière les organisateurs, les difficultés du parcours, se sont bien rendu compte qu’il est possible d'organiser à travers Parts un parcours athlétique, et sur lequel les énergies peuvent sé donner libre cours.Les Parisiens seront nombreux dimanche, pour encourager les concurrents de cette « course à travers la ville »... et le maquis.courir les camps dans un costume qui lui marque les jambes, cependant...— Les jambes ! La marquise d’Osseira suffoquait. Les jambes... Pied tabou, en Espagne il arrivait qu'après avoir cédé à l'homme qu’elle aimait, une femme refusât encore de lui laisser contempler son pied menu : c’était bien ceci qui constituait la dernière faveur... Par quel sortilège son fils en étatil venu à penser prendre pour épouse une fille sans pudeur ?Réprimant un sourire, Zerafina continuait : H est vrai que cette personne ignore la modestie et sous prétexte de courage, elle profite de l’excitation qui suit les batailles pour assouvir sea appétits coupables. Quand on pense que le marquis d’Osseira est envoûté au point de vouloir lui donner le titre que vous portez, madame...jamais mon fila n’épousera une créature deQuand les joueurs du Racing font le saut périlleuxcette sorte, jamais ! J’irai trouver Don Juan et il obtiendra du roi un ordre pour interdire ce mariage.— Je crois que la mesure serait urgente car le marquis d’Osseira en est si féru qu’il est bien capable de s’unir à elle dès leur première rencontre.L’orgueil de la douairière se cabra : — Mon fils est trop respectueux de l’honneur de son nom !— Madame, excusez-moi d’y insister ; mais je crois que l’honneur pèse peu en regard d une passion aveugle. Peut-être Mlle de Meyrac a-t-elle été assez rouée pour ne lui point céder encore T Pour l’amour d'elle, votre fils, déguisé en marchand, s’est rendu à Lille, au risque d’y être pendu comme espionEn ce palais de Saragosse, aucune femme n était entrée qui ne fût de pure race aragonaiseBeaux frigidairesI6O million'"CHLNl oo en 2 .S V FDIMANCHE AU VELODROME D’HIVERLe Beige Gosselinrenouvellera-t-il son succès de Bruxelles ?Jeudi 12 février relier bulletin d'intonr.la délivrance du bon qu'il leur communiqué le nom de l'œ choisie), ou transmettre leurGRENOBLE 11 La foire de Grenoble du 6 au 15 juin 1942.Une information venue de Vichy, nous apprend que depuis plusieurs mois, les services du Secrétariat Général A la Jeunesse étudient la mise en application d’une « Charte Sociale des Etudiants », dont les grandes lignes ont été arrêtées.Demande» d'emploish. 30,CROSSMEN, FOOTBALLEURS ET BASKETTEURS de l’U.G.S.E.L en championnatdit laPatinage Rugi-) : — Cyeiisme : Vélodrome d'Hiver : 14 h.L’équipe de hockey sur gazon, composée en majorité de joueurs de la région parisienne, s’embarquera ce soir, à 19 h. 15. en gare de Lyon, à destination de la cité de la soie, où elle arrivera dans la soirée.Cette formation qui représentera le Nord dans le match qui l'opposera au Sud, au stade des Iris, dans un match qui aura lieu vendredi après-midi, constitue l'ossature de j'équipe de France, laquelle rencontrera dimanche après-midi, au stade des Iris, le onze d’Espagne.er 1942 bats cLee rigueur» de l’hiver ont obligé le» joueur» de rugby à un repu» dont il» »e seraient bien passé; car. prix A® de matches le dimanche, les terrain» couverts de neige et de glace n’ont permis aucun entraînement en semaine.Déjà. A leur retour de Bordeaux, les joueurs du Raclng se sont plaint» de n’avoir joué que deux foi» pendant le moi» de Janxier et d’avoir manqué d’entraînement.d’un ensemble de statuts qui rendrait obligatoire, pour les étudiants, l’adhésion d un groupementMarie-Madeleine CHANTAL. (PRIX MÉRIMÉE ISA!) Ig Commissariat général aux sports va être saisiagréées pourMarcelle Branca et le Trioent pas conformés à cLa présence de l'espoir belge dans cette compétition dans laquelle figurent les plu vîtes coureurs français ne manquera pas mettra, „ ce coureur, dont Outre-Quiévrain.Il aura, en la rude tâche à accomplir, car, aux côtés de Gérardin. Senfftleben. il lui faudra vaincre Renaudin, Chaillot, La.pébie, pour ne citer que les principaux.une discipline marquée.de rugby, privés de» leur sport favori en plein air. restent inactif» T Ce n'est pas impossible, quand on connaît la répugnance qu’éprouvent les pratiquant» de sport» d’équipe, pour la culture physique. Il ne fautde de dont transmises les meulées à l'instigatFOOTBALL Jeunes cadets. Poule A : Albert-de-MunSte-Cro.x ; Poule B : Mass!llon-Ète-Crolx ; Poule C : Gerson-St. Jean-de-Passy. Fénelor.-Francs-Bcurgeols ; Poule D : RAlncyCours St-Louis Rocroy-Trlnlté. ,Cadets Poule A : Bcu-suet-Ste-Crolx St-T Sulplce-Fénelon. St-Jcan-de-Bèthune Ra^xcy ; Poule B : Francs-Bcurgeols-Ste-Croix. FrankHn-MassUIon. St-Jean-de-BéthuneSt-M'.chel; | Poule C : Vauvenargues-Richelieu, St-Jean-deI Passy-Cours St-Louis.Juniors : Ste-Genevlève-Fénelon. | 43,789 |
https://github.com/esperecyan/UniVRMExtensions/blob/master/AssetUtility.cs | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | 2,022 | UniVRMExtensions | esperecyan | C# | Code | 234 | 1,158 | using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using UnityEngine;
using Object = UnityEngine.Object;
using UnityEditor;
using UniGLTF;
using VRM;
namespace Esperecyan.UniVRMExtensions
{
/// <summary>
/// アセットの保存。
/// </summary>
internal static class AssetUtility
{
/// <summary>
/// アセットの種類ごとの、複製先のフォルダ名の末尾に追加する文字列。
/// </summary>
private static readonly IDictionary<Type, string> TypeSuffixPairs = new Dictionary<Type, string>
{
{ typeof(VRMMetaObject ), ".MetaObject" },
{ typeof(BlendShapeAvatar), ".BlendShapes" },
{ typeof(BlendShapeClip ), ".BlendShapes" },
};
/// <summary>
/// プレハブアセットを生成します。
/// </summary>
/// <param name="gameObject">ヒエラルキー上のオブジェクト、またはプレハブアセット。</param>
/// <returns></returns>
internal static string CreatePrefabVariant(GameObject gameObject)
{
var path = AssetDatabase.GetAssetPath(gameObject);
var activeObjectIsPrefabAsset = !string.IsNullOrEmpty(path);
if (activeObjectIsPrefabAsset)
{
gameObject = PrefabUtility.InstantiatePrefab(gameObject) as GameObject;
if (Path.GetExtension(path) != ".prefab")
{
path = $"{Path.GetDirectoryName(path)}/{Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(path)}.prefab";
}
}
else
{
path = PrefabUtility.GetNearestPrefabInstanceRoot(gameObject) == gameObject
? PrefabUtility.GetPrefabAssetPathOfNearestInstanceRoot(gameObject)
: $"Assets/{gameObject.name}.prefab";
}
path = AssetDatabase.GenerateUniqueAssetPath(path);
PrefabUtility.SaveAsPrefabAsset(gameObject, path);
if (activeObjectIsPrefabAsset)
{
Object.DestroyImmediate(gameObject);
}
AssetDatabase.SaveAssets();
return path;
}
/// <summary>
/// インスタンスをプレハブが置かれているディレクトリの直下のフォルダへ保存します。
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// 複製先にすでにアセットが存在していれば上書きし、保存先のアセットのGUIDが変わらないようにします。
/// </remarks>
/// <param name="prefabPath">「Assets/」から始まるパス。</param>
/// <param name="instance">保存するインスタンス。</param>
/// <returns></returns>
internal static T Save<T>(string prefabPath, T instance) where T : Object
{
var destinationPath = AssetUtility.DetermineAssetPath(prefabPath, instance);
var destination = AssetDatabase.LoadMainAssetAtPath(destinationPath);
if (destination)
{
EditorUtility.CopySerialized(instance, destination);
}
else
{
AssetDatabase.CreateAsset(instance, destinationPath);
}
var asset = AssetDatabase.LoadAssetAtPath<T>(destinationPath);
EditorUtility.SetDirty(asset);
return asset;
}
/// <summary>
/// インスタンスの種類に応じて、保存先を決定します。
/// </summary>
/// <param name="prefabPath">「Assets/」から始まるパス。</param>
/// <param name="instance">保存するインスタンス。</param>
/// <returns>「Assets/」から始まるパス。</returns>
private static string DetermineAssetPath(string prefabPath, Object instance)
{
var destinationFolderUnityPath = UnityPath.FromUnityPath(prefabPath).GetAssetFolder(
AssetUtility.TypeSuffixPairs
.First(typeSuffixPair => typeSuffixPair.Key.IsInstanceOfType(instance)).Value
);
destinationFolderUnityPath.EnsureFolder();
return destinationFolderUnityPath.Child(instance.name + ".asset").Value;
}
}
}
| 8,480 |
https://github.com/lucasg/minidump/blob/master/minidump/streams/ThreadExListStream.py | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | 2,021 | minidump | lucasg | Python | Code | 208 | 1,012 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
#
# Author:
# Tamas Jos (@skelsec)
#
from minidump.common_structs import *
# https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms680399(v=vs.85).aspx
class MINIDUMP_THREAD_EX_LIST:
def __init__(self):
self.NumberOfThreads = None
self.Threads = []
def parse(buff):
mtel = MINIDUMP_THREAD_EX_LIST()
mtel.NumberOfThreads = int.from_bytes(buff.read(4), byteorder = 'little', signed = False)
for i in range(mtle.NumberOfThreads):
mtel.Threads.append(MINIDUMP_THREAD_EX.parse(buff))
return mtel
# https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms680400(v=vs.85).aspx
class MINIDUMP_THREAD_EX:
def __init__(self):
self.ThreadId = None
self.SuspendCount = None
self.PriorityClass = None
self.Priority = None
self.Teb = None
self.Stack = None
self.ThreadContext = None
self.BackingStore = None
def parse(buff):
mte = MINIDUMP_THREAD_EX()
mte.ThreadId = int.from_bytes(buff.read(4), byteorder = 'little', signed = False)
mte.SuspendCount = int.from_bytes(buff.read(4), byteorder = 'little', signed = False)
mte.PriorityClass = int.from_bytes(buff.read(4), byteorder = 'little', signed = False)
mte.Priority = int.from_bytes(buff.read(4), byteorder = 'little', signed = False)
mte.Teb = int.from_bytes(buff.read(8), byteorder = 'little', signed = False)
mte.Stack = MINIDUMP_MEMORY_DESCRIPTOR.parse(buff)
mte.ThreadContext = MINIDUMP_LOCATION_DESCRIPTOR.parse(buff)
mte.BackingStore = MINIDUMP_MEMORY_DESCRIPTOR.parse(buff)
return mte
def get_header():
return [
'ThreadId',
'SuspendCount',
'PriorityClass',
'Priority',
'Teb',
#'Stack',
#'ThreadContext',
]
def to_row(self):
return [
hex(self.ThreadId),
str(self.SuspendCount),
str(self.PriorityClass),
str(self.Priority),
hex(self.Teb),
#self.Stack,
#self.ThreadContext,
]
class MinidumpThreadExList:
def __init__(self):
self.threads = []
def parse(dir, buff):
t = MinidumpThreadExList()
buff.seek(dir.Location.Rva)
chunk = io.BytesIO(buff.read(dir.Location.DataSize))
mtl = MINIDUMP_THREAD_EX.parse(chunk)
t.threads = mtl.Threads
return t
def to_table(self):
t = []
t.append(MINIDUMP_THREAD_EX.get_header())
for thread in self.threads:
t.append(thread.to_row())
return t
def __str__(self):
return '== ThreadExList ==\n' + construct_table(self.to_table())
| 384 |
https://github.com/Rohitkuru/applicationflask/blob/master/flask/app/views.py | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | null | applicationflask | Rohitkuru | Python | Code | 12 | 55 | #!/app/flask/env/bin/python3
from app import *
import os
@app.route("/",methods=['POST','GET'])
def index():
return render_template("index.html")
| 20,272 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/35143709 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,016 | Stack Exchange | CraigH, Nicolas Miari, https://stackoverflow.com/users/1495000, https://stackoverflow.com/users/433373 | English | Spoken | 396 | 603 | iOS iPhone app doesnt fill screen on iPad
I have an iOS app which resizes/looks fine between iPhone 4 through to iPhone 6s Plus. However, when I run the same app on any iPad device I get black bars on all sides of my view. I've tried several things to fix it but nothing has works. Here is what it looks like
I checked the following settings:
General>Deployment Info>Devices: iPhone
Autolayout turned on
Size Classes Disabled
No warnings in interface builder
Problem exists on ios 8.0 and 9.0
Works fine in iPhone devices
Xcode 7.2 (started project in Xcode 6.4)
Launch Screen.storyboard exists
You need to make your app UNIVERSAL. It is the third option after "iPhone" and "iPad". It means that it supposrts both.
@NicolasMiari why? I only want it to run on iPhone
Because that it how iPhone-only apps are displayed on iPad. Only "iPad" apps or "Universal" apps fill the whole iPad screen.
You can not prevent an iPhone-only app from being installed on an iPad: The iPad is designed to run iPhone-only apps in 1x or 2x mode since the beginning (it "simulates" the iPhone). The iPhone, on the other side, will not install iPad-only apps. That is how it works.
@NicolasMiari even on 2x mode it doesnt fill the screen completely. Shouldnt it still fill the screen with the app in 2x mode?
No; 2x mode is just a "quick and dirty zoom", for convenience. It is still rendered as if running on an iPhone (originally, 320x480). iPhone and iPad have different aspect ratios,etc.
It is not supposed to fill the screen or otherwise fake a "true" iPad app.
I only want it to run on iPhone...
Paragraph 2.10 of App Store Review Guidelines
2.10
iPhone Apps must also run on iPad without modification, at iPhone resolution, and at 2X iPhone 3GS resolution
iOS iPhone app doesn't fill screen on iPad
That is the definition of an app not targeted for iPad, as explained above in the accurate comments from @NicolasMiari.
On the other hand, if you have a genuine reason to not target iPad, because the hardware does not provide a key capability you need, you can explicitly request for that capability, and your app will not launch (nor be proposed on the App Store when browsed from that device).
Examples include SMS, Telephony, HealthKit. See the Device Compatibility Matrix.
| 26,236 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3142453 | Wikidata | Semantic data | CC0 | null | Hugo Velásquez | None | Multilingual | Semantic data | 516 | 1,282 | Hugo Velásquez
Hugo Velásquez nature de l’élément être humain
Hugo Velásquez sexe ou genre masculin
Hugo Velásquez identifiant Internet Movie Database nm0892806
Hugo Velásquez prénom Hugo
Hugo Velásquez occupation céramiste
Hugo Velásquez occupation acteur ou actrice de télévision
Hugo Velásquez identifiant Kinopoisk d'une personne 341539
Hugo Velásquez date de naissance 1953
Hugo Velásquez identifiant du Google Knowledge Graph /g/1212grsf
Hugo Velásquez pays de nationalité Mexique
Hugo Velásquez identifiant Kinobox.cz d'une personne 432390
Уго Веласкес
мексиканский художник-керамист
Уго Веласкес это частный случай понятия человек
Уго Веласкес пол или гендер мужской пол
Уго Веласкес код IMDb nm0892806
Уго Веласкес личное имя Гуго / Хьюго / Юго / Уго
Уго Веласкес род занятий керамист
Уго Веласкес род занятий телеактёр
Уго Веласкес код человека на Кинопоиске 341539
Уго Веласкес дата рождения 1953
Уго Веласкес код в Google Knowledge Graph /g/1212grsf
Уго Веласкес гражданство Мексика
Уго Веласкес код персоны на Kinobox.cz 432390
Hugo Velásquez
Hugo Velásquez instance of human
Hugo Velásquez sex or gender male
Hugo Velásquez IMDb ID nm0892806
Hugo Velásquez given name Hugo
Hugo Velásquez occupation ceramicist
Hugo Velásquez occupation television actor
Hugo Velásquez Kinopoisk person ID 341539
Hugo Velásquez date of birth 1953
Hugo Velásquez Google Knowledge Graph ID /g/1212grsf
Hugo Velásquez country of citizenship Mexico
Hugo Velásquez Kinobox person ID 432390
Hugo Velásquez
televisieacteur
Hugo Velásquez is een mens
Hugo Velásquez sekse of geslacht mannelijk
Hugo Velásquez IMDb-identificatiecode nm0892806
Hugo Velásquez voornaam Hugo
Hugo Velásquez beroep keramist
Hugo Velásquez beroep televisieacteur
Hugo Velásquez Kinopoisk-identificatiecode voor persoon 341539
Hugo Velásquez geboortedatum 1953
Hugo Velásquez Google Knowledge Graph-identificatiecode /g/1212grsf
Hugo Velásquez land van nationaliteit Mexico
Hugo Velásquez Kinobox-identificatiecode voor persoon 432390
Hugo Velásquez
Hugo Velásquez instancia de humanu
Hugo Velásquez sexu masculín
Hugo Velásquez identificador IMDb nm0892806
Hugo Velásquez nome Hugo
Hugo Velásquez ocupación ceramista
Hugo Velásquez ocupación actor de televisión
Hugo Velásquez fecha de nacimientu 1953
Hugo Velásquez país de nacionalidá Méxicu
Hugo Velásquez
Hugo Velásquez instancia de ser humano
Hugo Velásquez sexo o género masculino
Hugo Velásquez identificador IMDb nm0892806
Hugo Velásquez nombre de pila Hugo
Hugo Velásquez ocupación ceramista
Hugo Velásquez ocupación actor de televisión
Hugo Velásquez identificador Kinopoisk de persona 341539
Hugo Velásquez fecha de nacimiento 1953
Hugo Velásquez identificador Google Knowledge Graph /g/1212grsf
Hugo Velásquez país de nacionalidad México
Hugo Velasquez
Hugo Velasquez instancë e njeri
Hugo Velasquez gjinia mashkull
Hugo Velasquez IMDb ID nm0892806
Hugo Velasquez emri Hugo
Hugo Velasquez data e lindjes 1953
Hugo Velasquez shtetësia Meksika
Hugo Velásquez
Hugo Velásquez primerek od človek
Hugo Velásquez spol moški
Hugo Velásquez oznaka IMDb nm0892806
Hugo Velásquez ime Hugo
Hugo Velásquez poklic keramik
Hugo Velásquez poklic televizijski igralec
Hugo Velásquez KinoPoisk (name) 341539
Hugo Velásquez datum rojstva 1953
Hugo Velásquez oznaka Google Knowledge Graph /g/1212grsf
Hugo Velásquez država državljanstva Mehika
Hugo Velásquez
Hugo Velásquez instància de ésser humà
Hugo Velásquez sexe o gènere masculí
Hugo Velásquez identificador IMDb nm0892806
Hugo Velásquez prenom Hugo
Hugo Velásquez ocupació ceramista
Hugo Velásquez ocupació actor de televisió
Hugo Velásquez identificador Kinopoisk de persona 341539
Hugo Velásquez data de naixement 1953
Hugo Velásquez identificador Google Knowledge Graph /g/1212grsf
Hugo Velásquez ciutadania Mèxic
Hugo Velásquez identificador Kinobox de persona 432390 | 2,341 |
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%20%28%D1%84%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9%20%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B1%2C%20%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%29 | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Металлург (футбольный клуб, Сталинград) | https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Металлург (футбольный клуб, Сталинград)&action=history | Russian | Spoken | 684 | 2,011 | «Металлург» — один из первых футбольных клубов Царицына, созданный в 1914 году. Чемпион РСФСР 1957 года.
Прежние названия
1923 — «Красный Октябрь»
1936 — «Металлург»
История клуба
В 1909 году в Царицыне, благодаря совместным усилиям братьев И. и П. Кошелевых и И. и Ф. Сутыриных, были организованы команды «Штурм» и «Штандарт», что способствовало появлению в городе в последующие годы (1910—1912) и других футбольных команд. В состав этих двух команд, которые можно считать прародителями команды «Металлург», вошли служащие завода и учащаяся молодежь — дети служащих. Это братья Кошелевы, братья Сутырины, Дмитрий Матвеев и другие.
В 1914 году на французском заводе «ДЮМО» (ныне завод «Красный Октябрь») была создана футбольная команда. В её составе играли рабочие завода Жильцов, братья Кошелевы, Комов, Курносов, Косенков, Лебединский, Опарин, братья Сурнины, Сутырин, Титовский, Янас. Под руководством Владимира Петровича Панкова было оборудовано футбольное поле около проходных ворот завода и стали проходить регулярные тренировки.
В 1916 году была организована команда под названием «Республика» из числа молодежи, в которой играли Мальцев, братья Шевяковы, Андрей Бод, Владимир Раскэн, Александр Несынов, Василий Комов, В. Панков, Коновалов, Неподкосов, Раков, Пашков, Горячев, Фишер. С началом Первой мировой войны и мобилизацией на фронт заводчан-футболистов в неё вошли рабочие и служащие из числа французской молодежи: Роод, Жерар, Буланже, Бардо, Юнг, а также русские — Лебединский, Рубцов.
Чуть позднее появилась ещё одна футбольная команда, организованная военнопленными чехами после Первой мировой войны, среди них были футболисты международного класса: Ковба, Кобернау, Копецкий, Штумпф и другие. Они тренировали заводскую команду, и очень скоро она стала победителем первенства страны по футболу среди заводских команд.
По разному сложилась судьба игроков команды. Иностранцы после Октябрьской революции уехали к себе на родину. Капитан команды Василий Лебединский участвовал в боях за Царицын, был первым секретарём районного комитета комсомола Французского и Орудийного заводов. В октябре 1918 года под Большой Ивановкой погиб бывший крайний правый, пулемётчик Николай Сахаров.
19 апреля 1923 года на заводе «Красный Октябрь» была создана футбольная команда. В её первый состав вошли — Александр Несынов, Павел Корниенко, Александр Федянин, Дмитрий Манихин, Степан Воеводин, Василий Комов, Валентин Шевляков, Алексей Мальцев, Сергей Четаев, Николай Горячев, Алексей Фишер.
23 сентября 1923 году краснооктябрьцы играли с астраханскими футболистами и уступили им со счётом 1:2. С этого года игроки начали соревноваться с командами из Астрахани, Краснодара, Самары, Борисоглебска.
12 июля 1925 года состоялось открытие стадиона «Красный Октябрь». В этот год металлурги стали чемпионами города.
24 июля 1930 года состоялся первый международный матч с участием команды из Сталинграда. «Красный Октябрь» встретился дома со сборной командой рабочих Нижней Австрии. Встреча закончилась разгромом для сталинградцев со счётом 0:7.
В 1930 году металлурги «Красного Октября» стали чемпионами города.
В начале 1930-х годов с более опытными футболистами «Красного Октября» стали соперничать футболисты команды СТЗ — «Тракторостроитель».
2 октября 1932 года «Красный Октябрь» в Сталинграде со счётом 4:1 победил сборную Рабочего спортивного союза (Дания).
В 1937 году «Металлург» дебютировал в первенстве СССР. В группе «Д» команда заняла 5-е место.
24 мая 1937 года металлурги сыграли свой единственный в истории матч основной сетки Кубка СССР против соперника из группы «Б», московского «Торпедо». После первого тайма «Металлург» вёл в счёте 2:0, но проиграл в дополнительное время.
В 1957 году «Металлург» стал чемпионом РСФСР.
В 1958 году сталевары заняли 12-е место в 4 зоне класса «Б».
В 1961 году «Металлург», ставший победителем чемпионата области, провёл две переходные игры против волжской «Энергии», в которых по сумме матчей победил (3:2 и 1:1). Таким образом, «Энергия» должна была уступить своё место в классе «Б» «Металлургу», но решением Сталинградского областного совета спортивных обществ от 10.11.1961 г. игры были признаны товарищескими.
Достижения
Чемпион РСФСР —1957
Чемпион краевого первенства металлистов: 1926.
Чемпион города: 1923, 1925, 1927, 1928, 1930, 1932, 1936, 1937, 1939(о), 1946, 1956, 1957, 1959, 1960, 1961.
Обладатель кубка области: 1961, 1962.
Чемпион области: 1961, 1962.
Обладатель кубка города: 1957, 1959.
Обладатель кубка облсовпрофа: 1953.
В Чемпионате СССР: 5 место в группе «Д» (1937).
В Кубке СССР: 1/64 финала (1937).
См. также
История футбола в Волгограде
Ротор (футбольный клуб)
Динамо (футбольный клуб, Волгоград)
Примечания
Ссылки
Московский Комсомолец: Вот где ворота зарыты!
Вечерний Волгоград: В Царицыне играли «полосатые черти»
Футбольные клубы Российской империи
Футбольные клубы Волгоградской области
Футбольные клубы РСФСР
Футбольные клубы СССР, прекратившие существование
ФК «Металлург» Сталинград | 44,926 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21807089 | Wikidata | Semantic data | CC0 | null | Chulpa Chuto Pampa | None | Multilingual | Semantic data | 198 | 441 | Chulpa Chuto Pampa
Chulpa Chuto Pampa
Chulpa Chuto Pampa Geonames-ID 3969071
Chulpa Chuto Pampa land Bolivia
Chulpa Chuto Pampa geografiska koordinater
Chulpa Chuto Pampa höjd över havet
Chulpa Chuto Pampa instans av slätt
Chulpa Chuto Pampa GNS-ID 210953
Chulpa Chuto Pampa inom det administrativa området Oruro
Chulpa Chuto Pampa
plain in Bolivia
Chulpa Chuto Pampa GeoNames ID 3969071
Chulpa Chuto Pampa country Bolivia
Chulpa Chuto Pampa coordinate location
Chulpa Chuto Pampa elevation above sea level
Chulpa Chuto Pampa instance of plain
Chulpa Chuto Pampa GNS Unique Feature ID 210953
Chulpa Chuto Pampa located in the administrative territorial entity Oruro Department
Chulpa Chuto Pampa
tanah datar di Bolivia
Chulpa Chuto Pampa penanda GeoNames 3969071
Chulpa Chuto Pampa negara Bolivia
Chulpa Chuto Pampa koordinat tempat
Chulpa Chuto Pampa ketinggian di atas permukaan laut
Chulpa Chuto Pampa adalah dataran
Chulpa Chuto Pampa GNS Unique Feature Identifier 210953
Chulpa Chuto Pampa terletak di daerah administratif Departemen Oruro
Chulpa Chuto Pampa
Chulpa Chuto Pampa GeoNames ID 3969071
Chulpa Chuto Pampa country Bolivia
Chulpa Chuto Pampa coordinate location
Chulpa Chuto Pampa elevation above sea level
Chulpa Chuto Pampa GNS Unique Feature ID 210953
Chulpa Chuto Pampa located in the administrative territorial entity Oruro Department | 49,031 |
https://github.com/juunas11/AspNetCoreHideRoutesFromSwagger/blob/master/HideRoutesFromSwagger/Controllers/FirstController.cs | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | 2,022 | AspNetCoreHideRoutesFromSwagger | juunas11 | C# | Code | 39 | 115 | using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
namespace HideRoutesFromSwagger.Controllers
{
[ApiController]
[Route("[controller]")]
[ApiExplorerSettings(IgnoreApi = true)] // Method 1: Add this attribute on controller/action
public class FirstController : ControllerBase
{
[HttpGet]
public IActionResult Test()
{
return Ok(new { Something = "A" });
}
}
}
| 4,741 |
https://github.com/pcharlesmoran/roslyn/blob/master/src/VisualStudio/LiveShare/Impl/SyntaxClassificationsHandler.cs | Github Open Source | Open Source | Apache-2.0 | 2,020 | roslyn | pcharlesmoran | C# | Code | 101 | 375 | // Copyright (c) Microsoft. All Rights Reserved. Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Classification;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.LanguageServer;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Text;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.LanguageServices.LiveShare.CustomProtocol;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.LiveShare.LanguageServices;
namespace Microsoft.VisualStudio.LanguageServices.LiveShare
{
internal class SyntaxClassificationsHandler : AbstractClassificationsHandler
{
internal const string SyntaxClassificationsMethodName = "roslyn/syntaxClassifications";
protected override async Task AddClassificationsAsync(IClassificationService classificationService, Document document, TextSpan textSpan, List<ClassifiedSpan> spans, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
await classificationService.AddSyntacticClassificationsAsync(document, textSpan, spans, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
}
}
[ExportLspRequestHandler(LiveShareConstants.CSharpContractName, SyntaxClassificationsMethodName)]
internal class CSharpSyntaxClassificationsHandler : SyntaxClassificationsHandler
{
}
[ExportLspRequestHandler(LiveShareConstants.VisualBasicContractName, SyntaxClassificationsMethodName)]
internal class VisualBasicSyntaxClassificationsHandler : SyntaxClassificationsHandler
{
}
}
| 17,725 |
https://github.com/DenisBashkirov/lady-boss/blob/master/resources/assets/sass/frontend/project.blocks/text/_iconed/text_iconed.sass | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | null | lady-boss | DenisBashkirov | Sass | Code | 18 | 68 | @import "../../../bootstrap"
.text_iconed
display: flex
flex-direction: row
align-items: center
text-decoration: none
& > *:first-child
margin-right: 10px
text-decoration: none | 32,337 |
H66RZXXTAFHDFQXPTIPZIAU2YC5RQVIV_5 | German-PD-Newspapers | Open Culture | Public Domain | 1,889 | None | None | German | Spoken | 11,766 | 20,917 | — Der Geschäftsbericht der Deutschen Feuerversicherungs Actiengesellschaft in Berlin besagt , dafs das unmittelbare Geschäft günstig gearbeitet , die grofsen Ortsbrände in Schweden da gegen ungünstig eingewirkt hätten , infolge dessen die Gesellschaft sich veranlafst sah , ihre Thätigkeit in Schweden einzustellen. Die Gebühren einnahme beträgt 1089 270 oder 31 532 = 4 mehr , wovon 1010599c auf das unmittelbare und 78670c auf das mittelbare Geschäft entfallen ; an Schäden waren dagegen zu zahlen 146 29404 für das eigene und 132899. für das Rückversicherungsgeschäft. Der Reingewinn von 123 154 - / ( 1887 138696. 4 ) gestattet bei 30583. / Zuwendung zur Rücklage die Ver teilung von 14 % gegen 15 % im Vorjahre. — Von den Braunschwei gischen Kohlengewerken wurde ein Roh - Betriebsüberschufs von 523964 - A ( + 94634 - 4 ) erzielt , wovon als Rohgewinn 418312¼ und nach Abzug der Gesamtabschreibungen von 175000. ein Reingewinn von 243312 - 4 verbleiben ( + 41332 - ). Derselbe ermöglicht die Vertei lung von 5 % an die Vorrechts - und von 1½ % für die Stammactien. Auch im Berichtsjahre hat auf sämtlichen Betrieben eine erhebliche Steigerung in der Förderung bezw. der Prefskohlen - Anfertigung stattgefunden. Die Gesamtförderung der Gruben betrug 5882 557h1 ( + 1 078980hl ). Der Absatz war im ganzen Jahre befriedigend. □ Wiener Börsennachrichten. Wien , 1. April. Die Hauptver sammlung der Brünner Local - Eisenbahngesellschaft be schlofs , aus dem Reingewinne für 1888 , in welchem der Gewinn aus dem im Vorjahre eingeführten Frachtenverkehr nicht enthalten ist , 5¼ % Dividende zu zahlen. — Die Oesterr. Portland - Cementfabrik Gésellschaft zahlt für 1888 5 % Dividende. — Die Allgemeine österreichische Baugesallschaft erzielte für 1888 174801fl Reingewinn , sodafs einschliefslich des Gewinnvortrages im ganzen 287 153fl zur Verfügung stehen. Es werden 5 % Dividende gezahlt und 119673fl auf neue Rechnung vorgetragen. — Die Steigerung der Los werte nahm heute weitern Fortgang. Die starke Steigerung der Bodencreditlose und der Ungarischen Hypothekenlosc ist im Hinblick auf den namhaften Besitz der Bodencredit - Anstalt bezw. der Unionbank für beide Banken von namhaftem Vorteil. # # * Vom Antwerpener Platze wird uns mitgeteilt , dafs bei dem schon mehrfach erwähnten Zusammenbruche der Firma Ferd. van der Taelen sämtliche Bankanstalten Antwerpens für die dem Hause durch Auslieferung von Schiffsurkunden zur Entlöschung der Waren gewährten Vorschüsse beteiligt sind , und zwar die Banque de Wolf und Antwerpener Centralbank mit je rund 300000fr , die Banque ’ Anvers mit einem geringern Betrage ( 240000fr ) und die andern Anstalten mit kleinern Summen. Die Abschlüsse für das Jahr 1888 der erst - und letztgenannten Bank sind bereits erschienen ; die Centralbank , die teilt übrigens mit , des letzten Jahres eine reichliche Summe zu Forderung an die zahlungsunfähige Getreidefirma zu verwenden , und gleichwohl in der Lage sei , ihren Actionären in gewohnter Weise 6 % Dividende unter Vornahme der üblichen Rücklagen zur Verteilung zu bringen. Die angestellten Ermittlungen haben dagegen ergeben , dafs keine deutsche Bank an der Zahlungseinstellung beteiligt ist. * Vom Pariser Platze. Dem Journal Paris zufolge haben die Liquidatoren des Comptoir ’ Escompte dem Finanzminister Rouvier gestern Vormittag die Vertreter der verschiedenen Bankhäuser vorgestellt , welche eine Vereinigung zur Wiederherstellung des Comp toir ’ Escompte auf neuen Grundlagen zu bilden beabsichtigen. Die Verhandlung habe einen sehr günstigen Erfolg gehabt und es sei zu erwarten , dals das Comptoir ’ Escompte alsbald auf Grundlagen neu errichtet werde , welche den Beteiligten jede Gewähr böten. Die Liqui datoren sollten ferner noch gestern zu einer wichtigen Verhandlung mit den Vertretern der americanischen Kupfergruben zu sammentreten. — Dem „ Temps “ zufolge hat sich die Monatsab wicklung an der Börse ohne Schwierigkeiten vollzogen ; der Betrag der nicht bezahlten Wertpapiere übersteige nicht den Durch schnitt der vorausgegängenen Monate. § Vom New - Yorker Geldmarkt. London , 1. April. In den letzten Tagen sind an der New - Yorker Börse , wieder starke Schwankun gen namentlich in Union Pacific - und Atchison - Actien vorgekommen , zum Teil ohne Zweifel infolge erneuter Leerverkäufe , zum Teil aber wohl auch , weil Unternehmer , die Voranskäufe vorgenommen hatten , diese rückgängig machen mufsten. Bei der später folgenden Erholung waren Louisville - Nashville - Actien besonders fest. Der Wochenausweis der New - Yorker Vereinigten Banken zeigt eine Einbufse von 2¼ Millionen Dollars an bar und Regierungsnoten und eine Ab nahme des Ueberschusses der Rücklage über den gesetzlichen Mindest betrag um 1¼ Millionen. Dieser Ueberschufs beträgt jetzt 5½ Millionen gegen 9¼ Millionen in der gleichen Woche 1888. s Aegyptische Staatsschuld. London , 1. April. Es wird jetzt amtlich bestätigt , dass die Bank von England die Zinsscheine Dienstag , 2. April 1889. * Bezugspreis : in Köln. 4 , in Deutschland. ch vierteljährig. Anzeigen 40 Pfg. die Zeile oder deren Raum. Reclamen. 50 bis # # # Für die Aufnahme von Anzeigen an bestimmt vorgeschriebenen Tagen wird keine Verantwortlichkeit übernommen. gültig werden. In der Streitfrage wegen der Rückzahlun wandlung der Vorzugsanlerhe stützt sich eine Anzahl der hie sigen Inhaber bekanntlich darauf , dals bei der Neuregelung der ägyp tischen Schuld im Jahre 1876 die Regierung sich keine Befugnis zur Vermehrung des Tilgungsbetrages ( über den zur Einlösung in 65 Jahren notwendigen Satz hinaus ) ausbedungen habe und sie daher eine solche Befugnis nicht besitze , also eine raschere Einlösung bezw. eine Um wandlung der Vorzugsanleihe nur unter Zustimmung der Gläubiger vornehmen könne. Anderseits scheinen die ägyptische Regierung und die von ihr zu Rat gezogenen Rechtsgelehrten der Ansicht zu sein , dafs die Befugnis zur frühern Rückzahlung bezw. Umwandlung ihr auch ohne ausdrücklichen Vorbehalt zustehe. Mehr als um die Rechtsfrage wird es sich schliefslich darum handeln , ob die Mächte die Umwand lung gutheilsen werden oder nicht , und die Haltung der Mächte wird wieder zum Teil von dem Interesse der einzelnen Staatsangehörigen sowohl als von allgemein politischen Beweggründen beeinflufst werden. Es läfst sich daher schwer voraussagen , wie die Entscheidung ausfällt. - Lyon , 31. März. Rohseide. Bei kleinem Geschäftsumfange waren die Preise unregelmäfsig , im allgemeinen aber nur schwach behauptet. Man be zahlte u. : Gregen Cévennes 1 Spéc. 53fr , ital. b. n. II spéc. 49fr , Brousse Bagdad II 10/12 47fr , syrische b. n. II 9/10 48fr. Organsinen ital. ( französ , II. 16/18 58fr , syrische 11 20/22 55fr , III 18. 20 bffr , Japan fl. II 2426 Arbeit ) II 10/10 S. u. 6. II 26/30 53fr , Kanton fl. III 26/30 46 - 47fr. 55fr , Tramen Japan Hl. Hleiben kuapp und gut behauptet ; es erzielten Verarbeitete chinesische Seiden g1f , Organsinen. e. Ir 34/40 53 - 54fr. u. e. Tramen t. c. II 38/42 53fr , n. “. grmälsigten Preisen lebhafter gehandelt. 36/40 52fr. Chinesische Gresen 540kg gleichzeitig 1888. Der Markt für Wochenablieferung 9380ikg gegen. günstiger gestaltet , seitdem die Pariser Seidenstoffe hat sich erheblich e “ an. Die Ankäufe , bei welchen be Verhältnisse sich einigermafsen geklärt # e gpielen , vollziehen sich mit druckte Pongées und Moirées die HAUPrgndauernd gute Beachtung. In gröfserer Lebhaftigkeit ; auch Bänder finden „ ntwicklung noch hinderlich , London ist das ungünstige Wetter der Geschaft # c. „ frjedigend , dagegen lauten die Nachrichten aus New - Yörk recht „ fit der Venloer Bahn K Hamburg , 1. April. Westfälische K0b. /888 ) , bis März 1902206 gingen im März hier ein 76 190t ( gegen 525406 z. Z. nbn uaua un. e eceesteät e Middlesborougn , 50. Marz. Ronelse # # „ hr ruhig , dagegen Geschäft in greifbarem Roheisen war in dieser Woche rage für Früh herrscht grofse Thätigkeit in der Ausführung der starken # # # ggigchen Häfen , Jahrsverschiffung , da die Schiffahrt jetzt , mit Ausnahme de # # # g , 3 38 - 398 , überall offen ist. Hiesiges Roheisen kostet jetzt : Nr. 1 418 , 1t : Nr. 4 378 , weils melirt 3bs bd. Hämatite Bessemer 508 , Thomas - Lis bordfrei hier. Hamburg , 31. März. Kaffee. Die Lager betragen 322 410 Sack gegen 271792 Sack am 28. Februar. Die Zufuhren im März beliefen sich auf 210830 S. und die Ablieferungen auf 160212 S. London , 1. April. Warenmarkt. Rübenzucker williger , schliefslich anziehend auf Magdeburger Meldungen. Umsatz 1000t. April 17⅜88 — ¼ , 17½s — ½ , 17½s , Mai 17½s , 17⅝8 , Juni 17½8 — ½ , 17⅝s + ½ , 17 3/48 , Juli 17 3/48 + ½ , 17 7/8s , Aug. 17 7/s , Oct. - Nov. 14½s bordfrei ; IIa 14 ¾ - 7/88 bez. Eine fällige Javaladung Anal. 96 zu 19s England verkauft. Zuckervorrat London , Liverpool , Bristol , Clyde 151536t ( 226 130t bezw. 203 333t ). Kaffee matt. Schlufspreise des Klärungshauses : April 74¾8 , Mai 75s , Oct. 77½8 , März 79s. Reis , Ngatsein April - Juni Segler 7⅜s bez. Vorrat 13815t , ( 19231t ). Cremortarari 92s , IIa 90s. Weinsteinsäure matter , 1s 3¼d. fremde 1s 2¾d. Citronensäure 1s 4½d. Chinin 1s 1d , Braunschweig Dec. 1s 2d bez. Kryst. Soda fest , 48½s aus dem Schiff , 41 - 41½s Tyne. Chlorkalk fest , - - 74E 5s Tyne. Schwefelsaures Ammoniak Beckton 11 „ K 2s 6d - 11 - K 15s , London , Hull und Leith 11 & E 17s 6d. Chilisalpeter matter , 10K 5s - 10a 7s 6d , chem. 11. 6 bis 11. 6 5s. Arsenik 13 - 1318. Borax 28 ½s. Doppeltkohlens. Natron 5. 2s 6d. Schellack T. N. Juli 74 - 73½s. Verschiffungen im März von Kalkutta 9900 Cwts. Vorrat 66911 K. Gambier Febr. - März 25 3/48. Vorrat 723t. Kaut 2s - 7½4. Jute träge. Hanf , Manila flau , fair current entfernte Verschiffung 52. - 51 - E 10s cif B. ErstelMetallbörse : Kupfer matter , Umsatz 200t , gute Handelsware 39aE 5s , 3 Mt. 39. E 5s. Zinn besser , straits 94 = C 10s , 3 Mt. 95. 6 7s 6d. Zweite Metallbörse : Kupfer matter , da die sta tistischen Ziffern nicht befriedigen. ( Sichtbare Versorgung 124876t , Zuwachs 3140t. ) Umsatz 150t ; gute Handelsware 39K 5s , April , Verkäufers Wahl 39. E. Engl. tough 43 & E 108 - 45amp ; 108 , b. s. 46 - 48c. Zinn eher fester , straits 94. 6 12s 6d , engl. 96aE 10s - 97E. Blei stetig , span. 12. 6 7s 6d - 12. 6 8s 9d , engl. 12. 6 108 - 12a 128 6d. Zink flau , 16Xc 15s - 16amp 178 6d , Birmingham 17. 7s 6d bez. Quecksilber. Rothschilds Preis ist „ C 12s 6d , zweite Hand 74 11 - 12s. Leinöl besser , m. F. 185/gs , Mai - Aug. 19 - 191/88 , Sept. - Dec. 18 7/8 - 19s. Rüböl ruhig. April 25 1/48 , Sept. - Dec. 23½ - 3ls. Baumwollöl ruhig , 24 - 25½8 , März - April 24 1/8 , Mai - Aug. 25s , rohes 22¼ - ½s. Terpentinöl williger , April 34¾ - 35s , Sept. - Dec. 288. Talg P. I. C. 38s , guter bis feiner austral. Hammel 25½ - 27s , desgl. Rinder - 24 - 25s. * < space > L i v e r p o o l , < space > 1. < space > A p r i l. < space > F e t t w a r e n. < space > L e i n ö l < space > r u h i g , < space > o. < space > F. < space > 1 8 4 4 < space > b s , < space > A p r i l ¬ < space > Mai 18aE 10s. Baumwollöl stetig , o. F. 22c 15s , April - Mai 23c. Dax , 30. März. Terpentinöl 90 - 9lfr bordfrei Bavonne. Zufuhr 14 000kg. Neuf ' s , 2. April. Fruchtmarkt. Weizen neuer Ia 19,00 , IIa 17,50 /. Land roggen neuer Ia 14,50 , IIa 13,00 f. Gerste , Winter - 00,00 , Sommer - 00,00 Buchweizen 00,00. f. Hafer 13,50. # c , Rübsen ( Aveel ) 00,00MK Raps 00,00 f Kar toffeln 8,00 /. Stroh 30. 4. für 500kg. Heu 42 - 4. für 500kg. Rüböl für 100kg 59. 50 , do. falsweise 61,00 H. Gereinigtes Oel 62,50. K. Prefskuchen 130. 4 für 1000kg. Mörs , 1. April. Fruchtmarkt. Nach Proben wurden umgesetzt : Weizen 45000kg Ia 19. 65 - / , IIa 18,50. K , Roggen 12 000kg 14. / , Hafer 7000kg Ia 15. 50 A , IIa 14,25. K. Buchweizen bezahlte man mit 17,50. , Kartoffeln weilse 6,40 - K , rote 7,50 fl. die 100kg , Kleesamen — 4 das ½kg. * < space > E s s e n , < space > 1. < space > A p r i l. < space > F r u c h t m a r k t. < space > S t i m m u n g < space > r u h i g , < space > i m < space > g a n z e n < space > K ö r n e r < space > eher nachgebend , zu etwas niedrigern Preisen gröfsere Abschlüsse in Mehlen , namentlich in Roggenerzeugnissen. Man verzeichnet : Weizen fremder Ia 20,50 21. 25 - , IIa —. 4 , westf. Ia 19,25 - A , IIa 18 50 ¼ , Roggen fremder Ia 15,75 16. 25 - , IIa 15,25 - K , westf. Ia —. f , IIa —. 4 , Gerste Brau - 20 - 21,75 - , Futter 12. 75 - 13 - , Hafer fremder Ia 16. , IIa 15,50 - , deutscher Ia 15 - / , IIa — - , Perlmais 15. f , Buchweizen 16 / , Weizenmehl 0 Ia 27 - 27,25 - , IIa 25,75 - , Roggenmehl O 23,50 ¼ ( mit Sack ) , O/1 22,50 ∆ ( mit Sack ) , Weizenkleie 10. 4 , Weizengrand 10. , Roggenkleie 10. H , Roggengrand 10. , Alles frei Essen für 100kg ohne Sack. Breslau , 30. März. Oelsaaten. In Leinsaat war das Angebot schwach , die Stimmung fest , Preis 19 - 21,50¼ In Raps scheint das Geschäft beendet zu sein ; die Zufuhren haben völlig aufgehört. Preise sind nur nennweise : Winter raps 27 - 25,20. ¼ , Winterrübsen 26 - 23,50 K , Sommerrübsen 26,50 - 23,70. Hanf samen mehr beachtet , 15 - 16. / Rapskuchen unverändert , schlesische 15 - 15,25 - K. fremde 13,70 - 14 - 4 Leinkuchen ruhig , schlesische 16 - 16,50 - 4 , fremde 14 - 15 Palmkernkuchen 12. 75 - 13,25 - / , Sept. - Oct. 11,75 - 12,25 - f. Kleesamen. In Rotklee blieben Umsätze gegen die Vorwoche zurück. Weilsklee wurde nur in kleinern Posten gehandelt bei billigem Angebot. Schwedischklee , Thymothé , Tannenklee. s. w. nur noch in geringern Mengen vorhanden und gehandelt. Rotklee 25 - 59 - 4 , Weilsklee 25 - 65 - A , feinster 70. 4 und darüber , Alsyke 35 80. 4 , Gelbklee 16 - 32 - A , Thymothé 24 - 32 - f , Tannenklee 45 - 78 - 4 * Mannheim , 1. April. Fruchtmarkt. Weizen ruhig. pfälzer 20 20,25 - A , nordd. 20,50 - 20,75 - , russ. Azima 21,25 - 22 - 4 , Ghirka 20,25 - 21,50 - f , Tagaurog 20 - 21. 25 - K , americ. Winter 22. , Kernen 20 - 20,25 - K Roggen ruhig , pfälzer 16 - 16,25 - K , russ. 15,75 f. Gerste unverändert , hiesige 14,. 50 - 15 - K , pfälzer 15. 50 - 16,25¼ , ungar. 18. 50 - 19 - R. Hafer behauptet , bad. 14. 25 - 14,50 - K , würtb. Alb 14,50 - 15 - Mais bunter americ. 12,25 - , Donau 13. 25 - Kohlraps deutscher 31 - 32¼4 Wicken 19 - 19,50. , Kleesamen deutscher Ia 110 - , IIa 90 - 95 - , Luzerne 110 - 120 % ¼ , Provencer 130 - 140 - K , Esparsette 26 - 28¼ / Leinöl m. F. 46. 4 , Rüböl m. F. 64 - f. Petroleum ( Reichstest ) fafsfrei 20 % Abzug 22. 50. / Weizenmehl Nr. 00 35 - 4 , Nr. 0 32 - 4 , Nr. 1 30. 4 , Nr. 2 28. 50 - , Nr. 3 27. 4 , Nr. 4 23,50. K , Roggenmehl Nr. O 26 - K , Nr. 1 23 - / 50er Rohsprit etwa 80 - 88 % inländ. die 10000 % 107. K , 70er unversteuert ausschl. Maischraumsteuer die 10000 % 22,50 K O Rotterdam , 1. April. Mehl. Die abgelaufene Woche brachte wenig Aenderung in die Geschäftslage ; es wurde in regelmäfsiger Weise zu Ver brauchszwecken gekauft ; preiswürdige Angebote auf Lieferung Mai - Juli wurden gern angenommen. Der heutige Markt war schwach besucht ; die Preise blieben stetig : Weizenmehl inländ. Ia 11,50fl , IIa. 50 - 9fl , deutsches Ia 12 - 12,50fl. IIa. 50 - 9fl , ungar. feinstes 17. 50 - 15,50fl , Ia 15 - 13fl , gewöhnl. 12 - 9fl , amerie. Ia 12 - 13fl , IIa 8,50 - 9fl , Seeländer Auszug 13 - 13,50fl , Seeländer 10 - 10. 50fl. Roggenmehl französ. — fl , deutsches. 50 - 10,. 50fl. inländ. 12 - 13fl die 100kg Reingewicht. * London , 1. April. Getreidemarkt , An der Küste : Weizen ohne Umsatz , Mais Newport 20s B. Schwimmend und abzuladen : Weizen sehr träge , Preise nennweise , Asow Azima März - April 30 - 33½s. , Odessa ladend 32½8. , März - April 33½8. , Farna 28 - 308 , Nr. I californ , schwim mend 36½s. , Chili März - April neu 35 ¾/48. , St. Louis Redwinter Juli 348. , Melbourne Dec. 37½s. , weifser weicher Kurrachee März - April 348. , Nr. II Kalkutta April - Mai 35s. , Nr. I Bombay schwimmend 37½8 B. Mais matt , Donau Mai - Juni 20½s B , Galatz schwimmend 22s B. Gerste matt , wenig begehrt , Nicopol 5051pfd. schwimmend 17½s B. Roggen vernachlässigt , Asow März , April , Mai , Juni 21s B. Hafer , Begehr ruhig , Eigner bleiben fest. Oel saaten. Leinsaat stetiger , Kalkutta März Canal 39s. , April - Juni 37¾ - 388. , Bombay März 408 , fürs Festland : Bombay März - April Canal 40½s , Schwarzes Meer schwimmend oder abzuladen 40½s. Raps ruhig , fürs Festland : gelber Guzerat April - Juni 44½s , desgl. Cawnpore 42½s , brauner 39 1/4/8 , Ferozepore 398. Mohnsaat Kalkutta Mai - Juli 40½ - 41s , Bombay April - Juni 40¾ - 41s ( Fest land ) , Baumwollsaat stetig , vorrät , und schwimmend 7X 6s 3d , April = C 7s6d. R. Riga , 30. März. Das Flachsgeschäft ist anhaltend still ; es mangelt an Käufern. Kron - Flachs ist zu 31 R. das Berk , erhältlich , während für Hofs 29 R. verlangt und 27 R. geboten wird. In der letzten Woche waren die Zu fuhren gröfser als in der vorherigen. Angesichts der hoffentlich bald bevor stehenden Wiedereröffnung der Schiffahrt — einige Wochen dürften freilich wohl noch verstreichen — sind Verkäufer wie Käufer zurückhaltend ; nennens. werte Abschlüsse finden infolge dessen nicht statt. Getreide und Saat. Roggen Platzware erzielt nur 66 Kop. Grundlage 12020 , April - Mai 67 - 68 Kop. Hafer Durchschnittsware 59 - 60 Kop. , Gerste livländische gedörrte 100 # d 70 72 Kop. , Schlagleinsaat 129 Kop. Hanfsaat ist zu 106 Kop. für gedörrte und 95 Kop. das Pud für ungedörrte Ware vergebens angetragen. Säeleinsaat findet zu. 65 R. die Tonne extra puik Saat wenig Beachtung. Weizen erzielt für den eigenen Bedarf 90 - 105 Kop. , welche Preise Ausfuhrhändler nicht bewilligen mögen. Der Frachtenmarkt ist , noch still , die Stimmung jedoch eine feste. Die Witterung , wie stets in dieser Jahreszeit , bleibt veränderlich : Regen und Schnee wechseln häufig. — 10 R. Wechselpreise : London 3 Mt. 93. 60. , 93. 20. , Berlin 3 Mt. 46. , 45,70 G. X Essen , 1. April. Viehmarkt. Auftrieb : 14 Bullen , 82 fette Schweine , 18 Kälber , 315 magere Schweine und Ferkel. Geschäft still. Preise : Bullen 43 - 45 -. , fette Schweine 54 - 58 - die 50kg Schlachtgewicht , Kälber 28 - 34 - A die 50kg Lebendgewicht , - Wochenferkel 12 - 15 - K , 10 - Wochenferkel 16 - 18 - , halbjährige Schweine 30 - 45 - , überjährige 60 - 70 ∆ das Stück. Zahlungseinstellungen. Concurseröffnungen : Firma Julius Hoyer , Bremen ; Firm Herm. Niehaus , Bremen ; Firma Georg Hoffmann , vorm. A. Bern hold u. Co. , Breslau : Colonialhändler Max Otto Wenzel , Drosden Firma Mertsch u. Co. , Erfurt ; Nachlafs des Gastwirts Friedrich Jakob Buck , Jever ; Wirt und Fuhrunternehmer Wilh. Ecken , Obercasse bei Neufs ; Blechwareuhändlerin Wilhelmine Greyner , Regensburs Holzhandlungsfirma W. Strauchmann , Rieder bei Ballenstedt ; Leder händler Anton Böhler , Spremberg. Verlosungen. 180. Preufsische Lotterie. ( 1. Classe. ) Bei der am 2. April vormittags angefangenen Ziehung fiel 1 Gewinn von 30000 - auf Nr. 70514 , 1 Ge von 500. auf Nr. 118141. In der Nachmittags - Ziehung fielen 3 Gewinne 1500. 4 auf Nr. 11 403 63823 104 408. ( Ohne Gewähr. ) Telegramme. [ Nachdruck ohne Erlaubnis des Verlegers untersagt. ) Berlin , 2. April. Wertpapierbörse. Die Preissteigerung machte heute weitere , zum Teil erhebliche Fortschritte , wobei sich das Geschäft auch recht lebhaft gestaltete. Die günstige Stimmung wur durch die hohen Preise der auswärtigen Börsen sowie durch sern Verlauf des Schiebungsgeschäfts in Paris unterstützt. Im Vorder grunde des Verkehrs standen leitende Bank - Actien , aufserdem ein der Bahnen ; so erzielten namentlich Buschtierader , Dortmund - Gronauer , Lübeck - Büchener , Mecklenburger , Schweizer. Nordostbahn und Argent. Gold - Anl. 5 % 96. 80. 2 4 ½ % 89,59. 4 Bukarester Anl. 5 % 97,75. 0 Buenos Aires - Anl. 5 % 98,30. 0 Chines. Anl. 5½ % 114,10. 0 Dän. Staats - A. 3½ % 98. 70. 1 Egypter 4 % 90,50. 2 4½ % 100,40. 0 5 % 104,30. 2 Eidgenöss. 3½ Anl. 103,00. 0 Griech. Anl. 5 % 90. 30. 0 Monopol - A. 4 % 78. 20. 0 Kolländ. Anl. 3½ Bagugg. Russ. Anl. Ausländische Staatspapiere , Stadtschuldscheine und Pfandbriefe Ital. Nat. - B. 4 % Pfdbr 96 , 70. 4 Oesterr. 1860er L. 5 % 124,10. 0 Rente 5 % 96,60. 0 * „ 1864er „ 319 • 40. 0 Lissaboner Stdt. 4 % 85,50. 3 Pester Stadt - Anl. 6 % 89,00. 3 Mexieaner 6 % 95,500lPort. 5 % Umw. - Anl. 00,00. 0 Mosk. Stadt - Anl. 5 % 63. 40. 41 „ 4½ % 1888 98,25. 0 New - York. - A. 6 % 130,70. 2 Norweg. 1888 3 % 87,75 - 4 Oesterr. Gold - R. 4 % 94,40. 3 Pap. - R. 4⅛ 00,00. 0 „ 5 % 84,75. 3 Silb. - R. 4½ 71,70. 1 250 - fl - L. 4 % 118,75. 0 Credit - Lose 329. 75. 2 ( Raab - Grazer Lose 103,10. 0 Röm. Stadt - Anl. 4 % 98,50 0 „ II - V 4 % 94,75. 4 Rumän. Anleihe 8 % 104,50. 0 Sts. - Rente 6 % 108,00. 4 fnd. Rente 5 % 103,00. 0 tilgb. St. -. 5 % 98,20. 0 I. % 1862 ov0,00. 0 Russ. Orient -. 5 % 67,25. “ , Stockh. Stdt. - Anl. % 102,25. 4 „ 1862 kl. 103,75. 2 „ „ II. „ 67,40,2¾ „ „ 3½ % 97,90. 2 „ 1871 102,90. 4 „ „ III. „ 67,50. 0 * Türken umgew. 1 % 15,704 1871 kl. 102,90. 4 „ 1872 102,40 4 1872K1. 102. 404 „ 1873 102,404 „ 1873 kl. 102,404 4 % 1875 100,30. 4 „ 1875 kl. 100,40. 4 5 % 1877 000,000 „ 1877k100000. 0 4 % 1880 91,90. 0 Nikol. - Anl. 4 % 92. 70. 0 Los - Anl. 1864 184,25. 2 Los - Anl. 1866 165,50. 2 * 400fr - Lose 51,004 eg. Tr. 4¼ % 90,704 5 % v. 1888 80. 804 Anl. ( Stgl. ) VI. 5 % 95. 90. 4 Türk. Zoll - Anleihe 72,00. 1 „ Bod. - Cr. - Pf. 5 % 101,20. 2 “ Türk. Tabak - Actien 100,90. 2 4½ 97,75. 0 Ung. Gold - Rente 4 % 87,20. 0 * o 101 r1 8760 0 „ Central - „ 5 % 85,60. 0 Schw. 4½ % St. - A. 75 102,50. 0 3½ % „ 1886 101,60. 0 4 % Hyp. - Pf. -. 78 102. 90. 2 5 % 1884 102,00. 2 Serb. Rente 5 % 1884 86,404 1884 kI. 102,00. 2 „ Gold - R. 6 % 1883 , 114,75. 0 „ Gold -. 5 % 1884 100,60. 4 * 1885 86,30. 4 Span. Rente 4 % 00,00. 0 4 /0 KI. O1,OO. O EB. Ausrüst. 4½ 100,60. 3 Pap. - Rente 5 % 80,30 4 100fl - Lose 251,96. 0. - A. 1867 5 % 102,30. 2 Umw. - Anl. 4½ 99,00. 1 * Steuerpflichtig. Inländische Eisenbahn - Schuldverschreibungen. -. At. B. 3½ % 101,90. 2 Lit. C. „ 1090 5. Reihe 4 % 105,40. 2 7. „ „ 103,504 8. „ „ 103,404 9. „ „ 103,404 Berg. - Märk. Nrüb. 4 % 103. 900 Berlin - Anhalter 4 % 103,40. Brl. - Hamb. 1. Ag. 4 % 103,40 2 Brl. - Hamb. 3. Ag. 4 % 103,40. 2 Oberschl. Lit. E 3½ % 101,75. 2 Köln - Mind. 4. Ag. % 103,40 4 „ 5. „ „ 000,00. 0 „ 6. „ „ 103402 „. „ „ 103,402 Mgd. - Halbst. 1865 % 103 , 40. 2 Mainz - Lwh. 68/69 % 103,25. 2 do. umgew. 75/78 4 % 103,25. 1 Niedrschl. - M. 4 % 100 ,. 2 F 4 % 000,00. 0 „ umg. 79 4½ % 103,25. 3 R. Oder - U. I. umg. % 103,402 Rlein. E. 1858 / 60 4 % 103 , 40. 0 „ „ 1882/64 „ 103,40. 0 „ „ 1871/73 „ 103,40. 0 Saalb. - Anlsch. 3½ % 000,00. 0 Schleswig. Vorr. - A. 000. 00. 0 Ausländische Eisenbahn - Schuldverschreibungen. Dux - Bodenb. A. 5 %. 90. 0 2. „ „ ( 9,99. 0 Dux - Prag 4 % Gold 102,50. 3 Franz - Joseph 4 % Silb. CO. 00. ) Fünfkirch. - Barcs 5 % 85. 75. 4 Galiz. Karl - Ldw. 4½ % 85,00. 4 Lomb, - Czernow. 4 % 69,50. 2 * Oest. - Ung. alte 3 % 84,40. 0 „ 1874 „ 82,001 „ 1885 „ 79 90. 4 Erg. „ 80,403 4 % 102,80 0 Kaschau - Oderberg5 % 86 , 30. 4 Oest. Localb. 4½ % 79,25. 2 Ksch. - Odrb. Gold 5 % 103,50. 3 „ „ 4 % 1887 96,05. 4 Lemb. - Czernow. 4 % 76,00. 4 Baltische % e go ,. 6. 900 Charkow - Azow b 0 101,20. 0 Krement 5 % 100 , 80. 2 Gr. Russ. Eisenb. 3 % 78,60. 0 Iwang. - Dombr. 4½ % 97. 60. 4 Kursk - Charkow 5 % 100. 80. 4 Kursk - Chw. - Az. 5 % 95. 50. 2 * Kursk - Kiew 4 % 93. 003 Moskau - Kursk 4 % 86. 80. 04 Rjäsan 4 % 95,00. 4 „ Smolensk % 100,30. 4 Rläsan - Kozlow 4 % 93. 40. 0 ben T. 5 % 92,40 4 Nordwestb. 5 % 90,80. 4 94. 75. 4 * Ryb. Bolog. II. A. 5 % 87,30. 4 “ Südwestbahn 4 % 91,00. 1 Transkaukasische 3 % 72,60. 0 Warsch - Wien VI % 000,09. 0 Wladikawkas 4 % 90,25 • 2 Central - Pacific 6 % 112,00. 3 Chicago Buri. 4 % 90,10. 4 Manitoba 4½ % 98,50. 4 North. Pacific I 6 % 115,80. 4 „ „ II „ 113,30. 0 „ „ III „ 102,99. 4 Oreg. Railway Navg. 105. 40. 2 Südb. Lomb. alte % 61. 80. 4 * „ „ neue „ 62,00. 3 * „ „ 5 % 103,504 „ „ 4 % 98,20. 0 Ungar. Nordostb. 5 % 84,40. 0 „ „ Gold 5 % 103,25. 4 „ Ostb. I. Ag. 5 % 84,50,0 „ „ II. „ „ 101. 00. 0 * Steuerpflichtig. St. LouisArks. u. Tex. 95,104 Gotthardbahn 4 % 104,75. 2 5 % 106,00. 1 Ital. Eb. - Betr. - G. 3 % 50,00. 3 Kön. Willem III. 4½102,75. 2 Portugiesische 4½ % 102,80 0 Sardin. Eis. - Anl. 4 % 90,20. 4 Serb. - Schldv. A. 5 % 87,50 4 „ „. 5 % 84,50. 4 Sicilianische EB. 4 % 91,10. 2 Transvaal Gold 5 % 105,50. 4 * < space > S t e u e r p f l i c h t i g. < space > Deutsche und ausländische Bank - Actien. Dessauer Land - Bk. 156,00. 3fOesterr. Credit Aachener Disconto 82,75. 4 Amsterdamer Bank 145,00. 2 Antw. Central - Bank 000,00,0 Badische Bank 000,00 0 Bank f. Rheinl. - Wstf. 102. 10,2 B. f. Sprit - u. Prod. - H. 83. 90 , 2 Barmer Bankverein 111,003 Bergisch - Märkische 119,30. 2 „ junge 111,50. 3. - M. Industrie - Ges. 00,00. 0 Berl. Cassenverein 126,90. 0 Handelsg. 184 25. 4 Prod. - u. Hdlsb. 100,60. 0 Börs. - Hand. - V. 157,50. 3 Braunschweig. Bank 105,00 4 " Credit Hypothek Bremer „ „ Dreslauer Disc. „ Wechsler - „ Brüsseler „ Coburger Cred. - „ Köln. Wechlerbank 97. 80. 2 Dän. Landmanns - B. 116,60. 2 Darmstädter Bank 180,25. 4 Darmst. Zettel - Bank 103,004 100,00,1 104,60. 4 000,00 0 112,60. 2 107. 00,2 000,00 0 129. 604 Deutsche Bank 176,003 Eff. - u. - Bk. 127 , 10. 2 Genoss. - Bank 136,00,4 Hyp. - Bank 116,50. 2 Disconto - Ges. - Ant. 239. 500 Dortm. Bankverein 103,003 Dresdener Bank 164,004 Essener Credit 116,004 Geraer Bank 118,204 Gothaer Privat - Bk. 115,75. 0 „ Grund - Cr. - B. 84,80. 2 „ „ neue 40 % 93,25 2 Internat. Bank Berlin 120,50 4 Leipz. Credit - Anst. 192,00 4 „ Disconto - Ges. 9,802 Luxemb. Internation. 000. 00. 0 Magdeb. Bankverein 116,50 3 Makler - Bank 119,50 • 2 Mecklenb. Hyp. - Bk. 134,00. 1 Meining. Hyp. -. 40 % 104,00 3 Mitteldtsche. Crd. - B. 113,10. 4 Nationalb. Deutschl. 137,25. 4 „ junge. /7. 133,50. 4 Norddeutsche Bank 172,00. 4 158. 75,0 Oldenb. Spar - Bank 000,00. 0 Petersburg. Discont. 175,50. 2 " Intern. Hdls. - B. 134. 50,2 Preufs. Bod. - Cred. - B. 125,50,4 Centr. - „ 40 % 142,50. 4 Hyp. - Act. - Bank 119,904 Hyp. - Ver. 25 % 113. 50 • 2 „ vollgez. 139,302 Immobil. - Bk. 614 00 0 Reichsbank 134,00 • 2 Russ. f. ausw. Hand. 6 1. 30. 0 Sächsische Bank 110. 70. 4 Schaaffh. Bank - Ver. 107,30 4 Schles. Bank - Verein 130,50,1 Südd. Boden - Credit 149,60. 3 Weimarer Bank 106,00. 0 Westfälische Bank 114,75. 2 Wiener Bankverein 96,90. 5 Wiener Unionbank 96. 90. 5 Würtemberg. Ver. -. 000,00. 0 Baseler Bankverein 000,00. 0 Preufs. Leihhaus 84,50. 0 Rh. - Wstf. Gn. -. umg. 75,00 4 Vereinsbank Berlin 79. 104 Agenturen in Deutschland : Dulsburg und Mülheim a. d. B. F. H. Nieten. Ruhrort Andreae & amp ; Co. Düsseldorf D. Schürmann , Bahnstr. 9. Elberfeld W. Thienes. Essen G. D. Bacdeker. Hannover C. Schüssler. Frankfurt a. M. Jäger ’ sche Buchhandlung. Hamburg J. Nootbaar. A. Steiner , W. Wilkens. Frankfurt , 2. April. Wertpapierbörse. ( Schlulspr. ) Fest. Wechsel , Amsterdam 169,07 Ung. Papler - Rente 5 % 79,90 Baseler Bankverein 159,00 hsel , Amsterdam 163,07 Ung. Papler - Rente 5 % 79,90 Antw. , Brüssel 80,915 Itallenlsche Rente 5 % 96,30 auf ital. Plätze 80,618 Portugies. Anl. 3 % London 20,44 [ Russ. 1877 5 % Paris 81,00 „ Wien 168,72 Napolcond ' or 16,20½ Privatwechselzinsfufs 2½ Oesterr. Gold - Ronte 94,20 Silber - „ 75 Papier Darmstädter Bank 175,40 66,90 000. 00 1880 4 % 91,70 III. Orlent - Anl. 67,00 Aegypter 4 % „ 90,65 Gallz. Karl - Ludw. - B. 172,62 ( Oesterr. Credit - Anst. 254,00 Oesterr. Staatsbahn 204¼ - Oesterr. - Ungar. Bank 753,00 11. 10 „ Oesterr. Südb. Lomb. ) 83⅞ Reichsbank 133,90 70,60 ( Gotthardbahn - Actien 141,90 Würtemb. Vereinsb. 124. 20 Deutsche Bank 171,00 Effectenbank 127,90 Vereinsbank 108,50 Disconto - Gesellsch. 239,00 Mitteld. Creditbank 111,70 Ung. Gold - Rente 4 % 88,90 Hamburg , 2. April , vorm. Kaffee behauptet , April 80¾ , Mai 81 , Sept. 83 , Dec. 83¼. Rohzucker Stetig , April 17,65 , Juli 17. 95 , Aug. 18,02½ , Oct. Dec. 13,65. Hamburg , 2. April , 2½ Uhr nachm. Wertpapierbörse. Disconto Ges. - Ant. 229,25. Nordd. Bank 171½. Deutsche Bank 172. Oest. Credit 254,00 Deutsche Dampfsch. - Reederei 145. Kosmos Dampfsch. 152½. Hamb. - Americ. Paketf. 145 1/8. Hamb. - Südameric. Dampfsch. 256. Laurahütte 138½. Hamburger Strafsenb. 143½. Nordd. Jutefabrik 154¾. Harb. Jutefabrik 146¾. Dynamite Trust 100½. Zuckerraffinerie Freilstedt 158. Fest. Bremen , 2. April. Petroleum fest , aber ruhig , vorrätig 6,25 Brief. Schmalz Wilcox vorr. 38 , Armour 37 , Fairbanks 37. Wien , 2. April , 1 Uhr 5 Min. nachm. Wertpapierbörse. Papier - Rente 84,00 „ Union - Bank 229,00 * ( London 84,80 111. 70 Gold - Reute 4 % 103. 10 Papier - kente 5 % 94,95 Oesterr. - Ung. Bank 894,00 Credit - Actien 300,65 * Silber Gold - „ Ung. Paris Deutsche Plätze Reichsbanknoten Napoleond ' or Galizier Tabak - Actien 121,05 47. 95 59,15 5917. 57 205,50 114,50 gedrückt durch Ab Staatsbahn 241. 75 Lombard. Eisenbaln 100. 75 Elbethalbahn 209,00 Rudolfbahn 000,00 1860er Lose 143,25 1864er „ 183,25 * Ausschli Zinsschein. Nach günstigem Verlauf mälsig wicklungsverkäufe , heimische Werte fest. Wien , 2. April. Fruchtbörse. Weizen Mai - Juni 7,42G ,. 47B , Herbst 7,626 , 7,67B. Roggen Mai - Juni 6,350 , 6,40B , Herbst 6 236 , 6,28B. Mais Mai Juni 5,156. 5,208 , Juli - Aug. 5,276 , 5,32B. Hafer Mai - Juni 5,840 , 5,89B , Herbst 5,81G ,. 86 B. Pest , 2. März. Fruchtbörse. Weizen vorr. unverändert , Frühjahr 7,046 , 7,05B , Mai - Juui 7,13G , 7,14B , Herbst 7,34G , 7,35B. Hafer Frühjahr 5,37u , 5,40 B. Mais Mai - Juni. 806 ,. 82B. Prag , 2. April. Rohzucker ruhig , 88 % vorr. frei Aufsig 23. 75 , Oct. Dec. 17,10 nennweise. Paris , 2. April , 1 Uhr 28 Nin. nachm. Wertpapierbörse. 3 % tilghare Reute 88. 55. 3 % Rente 85. 50. 4½ % 5 Anleihe 104,90. 4 % Spanier 75½. Italiener 96. 30. Oest. - Franz. Staatsbahn —. 4 % Türken 15. 47. Lombarden —. Aegypter 456. Rio Tinto - Minen 303. Panama - Actien 53. Comptoir ’ Escompte —. Paris , 2. April , 1 Uhr 15 Min. nachm. Rüböl niedriger , Aprll 73. 25 , Mai 70,75 , Mai - Aug. 66,00 , Sept. - Dec. 58,00fr. Spiritus April 41,75 , Sept. Dec. 41,75fr. Rohzucker fest , 88 % vorr. 43,75 - 44,00fr. Weilser Zucker Nr. 3 April 48. 30 , Mai 48,60 , Mai - Aug. 49. 00 , Oct. - Jan. 39,80 fr. Mehl be hauptet , 12 Marken April 53,60 , Mai 54. 00 , Mai - Aug. 54,30 , Juli - Aug. 54,40 fr. Weizen behauptet , April 24,60 , Mai 24. 75 , Mai - Aug. 24. 80 , Juli - Aug. 24,75fr. Roggen matt , April 14. 75 , Mai 15. 00. Mai - Aug. 15. 00 , Juli - Aug. 15,00fr. Havre , 2. April , 12 Uhr mittags. Kaffee stetig , April 99 , Mai 99½ , Juli 100½ , Sept. 101½ , Dec. 102. Baumwolle ruhig , April 65¾ , Sept. 65¾. London , 2. April , 11 Uhr 35 Min. vorm. Wertpapierbörse. Consols 98½. Italiener 95½. Lombarden 9. Türken , umgew. 15 5/16. Eriebahn 28 ¼ 1873er Russen 102½. Ungar. 4 % Gold - Rente 85 7/8. Oesterr. Gold - Rente 92 ausschl. Zinsschein. Preufs. 4 % Consols 106. Aegypter 90⅝ , do. bevorr. 104¾. do. neue 101¼. Suez - Actien 74 7/16. Mexicaner 93½. Rio Tinto 12 1/8. Fest. Wetter schön. London , 2. April , 2 Uhr — Min. nachm. Rübenzucker April 17s 6d. Mai 17s 7½d. Kupfer vorr. 39 # 7s 6d , 3 Monat 394. Zinn , Straits 94. 6 10s , 3 Monat 95. E 10s. Blei , englisches 12. E 12s 6d , spanisches 12. 6 78 6d , Zink , gewöhnliche Marken 16. C 15s , besondere 17. 4. London , 2. April. Getreide. Angekommene und schwimmende Ladungen : Weizen , Roggen , Mais und Gerste matt , Hafer ruhig. Liverpool , 2. April , 12 Uhr mittags. Baumwolle. Umsatz 7000 B. Auf Unternehmung in Platzware 500 B. Einfuhr 000 B. Americaner ruhig. Surate stetig. Middl. Americaner Aug. - Sept. 5 % /6d. , Sept. - Oct. 52 % d Wert. Juni - Juli 545/64 , Juli - Aug. 5 15/64 , Aug. - Sept. 5424d G. Glasgow , 2. April. 12 Uhr 4 Min. nachm. Roheisen. Warrants 45s 1d. Die Verschiffungen der letzten Woche betrugen 6695t , gegen 6024t 1888 und 4784t 1887. Der Vorrat im Store betrug 1031 957t , gegen 967 102t 1888 und 857876t 1887. Nordd. Grund - Crd. - B. 78,10 In - und ausländische Eisenbahn - Aotien. Aachen - Mastricht 69,504 Gal. Karl - Ludw. - Bahn 87,40. 0 Warschau - Wiener 228. 10. 0 Altenburg - Zeitz 181. 00,0 Graz - Köflacher 109. 50. 3 Amsterdam - Rotterd. 156. 00. 0 Crefelder 105,504 Kaschau - Oderberg 66,00,2 ( Gotthardbahn 145. 75. 5 Cref. - Uerd. Localb. 76,50. 0 Kronpr. Rud. - Bahn -. 00,00. 0 Iialien. Meridionalb. 151,10. 5 Dortm. - Gron. - Ensch. 98,40. 0 „ „ Eis. -. 4¾ 84. 60. 4 Ludwigshafen - Bexb. 233,90. 0 Lemberg - Czern. 100. 804 Lübeck - Büchener 183. 95. 0 Mainz - Ludwigshafen 116,30. 0 Marienburg - Mlawka 82,70. 0 Mecklenb. Friedr. Fr. 167,25. 0 Niederschl. Mk. g. 4 % 102,60. 2 Ostpreufs. Südbahn 104,90. 0 namit Von Renten heblich besser , russ. Noten gewannen 1. und Gnano - Actien machte sich regere Maghehricten ) er stellten sich Aegypter ( auf Umwandlungsnach. , auch Ungarn , Mexicaner und 1880er Russen lagen fest , Gegen gestrigen 3 Uhr - Schlufspreis gewannen u. : Credit - Actien 1½ , Darmstädter Bank 3 , Disconto - Ges. - Anteile 2 3/8 , Handels - Ges. Ant Russische Bank 1¾ , Galizier ⅜/8 , Gotthardbahn ½ , Schweizer. Noydlost bahn 3 , Dortmund - Gronauer ¾ , Lübeck - Büchener 1¼ , Mainzer Dagegen verloren Prinz Heinrichbahn ⅝. 2 Uhr - Schlufs fest , ruhiger , Geld leicht , Privat - Wechselzinstuls 15/8. 4an oinen Rei Die Reden - Hütte erzielte in den ersten acht Monaten einense gewinn von 210672. oder 98785A mehr. Berlin , 2. April. ( Schlufspreise. ) Pr. St. - Ani. 1868 4 % 102 , 60. 0 ( Hamb. 50 - Th. - L. 3 % 148,500 „ „ 4 % 103102 do. 1852 , 53 , 62 4 % 100,50 4 Lübeck. - A. 3½ % 140,80. 1 „ „ 3½ 10 114 30 Staats - Sch. 3½ % 101,300 ( Meininger - - Lose 27,003/Pr. Ctr. -. rz. 1100 1 47g Berl. Stadtschldv. 4 % 103 , ( 0 4 Oldenb. 40 - Th. - L. 3 % 137/99 4 „ „ „ 4½ 132/40 3 ½ % 103,80. 4/Br. - Hn. Pfdbr. 4 % 162,30. 81 „ „ 4 % Rheinprv. - Sch. 3 ½ % 102 , 90,0 ( Dnz. Hyp. - Pfdbr. 4 % 103,25. 0 „ „ 3½ 100,75 - 4 Ostpr. Pfandbr. 3½ % 102,00. 1 „ „ „ 3½ % 97,25. 2j Pr. Hyp. A. % rz. 110 112,00. 2 D. Gr. - Cr. Pfb. I. 3½ 116,2041 „ versch. Reih. 4 % 102,90. 4 Westf. Pfandbr. 4 % 106,10 • 2 „ „ 3½ % 102,00 4 Rh. - Wstf. Rntbr. 4 % 106,00. 2 Neue Hmb. St. - A. 3½ 101,80 4 Meckl. - Sch. - V. 3½000,00. 0 Sächs. St. - Rente 3 % 95. 50. 1 P. Sch. au4OTb. 325 00. 0 do. do. II. 3½ 113,10. 4 do. do. B. III. 3½ 102,30 D. Hp. - Pf. Berl. 4 % 103,10. 4 Hamb. Hp. - Pf. 4 % 103,504. 41 „ rckzb. 100 3½ % 99,70. 4. 21Pr. Hp. V. -. - Sch. 103,25. 2 4 % 103,10. 4 3½ % 99,75. 2 3½ % 99,504 Schl. rz. 110 4½ % 112,00. 2 Mecklb. rekz. 1254½000. 000 100 4 % 104,10,2 Preuts. L. Ap. g 4 % 162/45. 1 , St. Nat -. - Cd. 4½ % 106,900. wed. Los - Anl. 4 % 145,00. 1 Meining. Hyp. 4 % 105,00 4 „ „ rz. 110 4 % 103,004 Stargard - Posen 4½ 105,90. 0 Weim. - Gera 4½ % 23. 00,4 Werrabahn 77. 75. 0 Albrechtsbahn 22. 90. 1 Böhmische Nordb. 120. 30,4 Buschtiehrad. Lit. B. 154. 20,0 Csakathurn - Agram 103,00,4 Dux - Bodenbacher 203. 50. 0 „ „ St. - Pr. AB000,00. 0 Aach. - Mch. - Vers. 0050,00. 0 Aach. Rückv. - Act. 0000,00. 0 Berl. Feuer - Vers. 3400,00. 2 Berl. Lebens - Vers. 4025,00. 2 Colonia ,. - Vers. 0000,00. 0 Concordia , Köln 2140,00. 1 Kölner Hagelvers. 000,00. 0 Kölner Rückvers. 1111,00. 2 D. Feuer -. -. - G. 0000,00. 0 D. Lloyd , Trp. - V. 3500. 00. 2 Allg. Elektricitätsw. 186,50. 4 Anglo - Cont. Guanow. 150,50. 4 Bauges. am kl. Tierg. 598,00 4 Oest. Franz - Staatsb. 102,80. 0 Localbahn 64,00,0 Nordwestbahn 00,00. 0 Elbethalbahn 93,20. 4 Raab - OedenB. - Ebenf. 36,10 4 Reichenberg - Pardub. 69. 20 I „ Südöst. ( Lombarden ) 43,00. 0 ( Westsicilian. Bahn 80,50. 4 Ung. Jal. Verbind. - B. 79,70 3 Altd. - Colb. - A. 113,0b. 4 Mittelmeerb. 119. 70,0 Jura - Bern - Luzern 111. 75,0 Lüttich - Limburger 28,603 Lux. Prinz Heinr. - B. 60. 40. 0 Schweizer. Centralb. 130,00 4 Nordostb : 112,00. 0 Unionbahn 000. 00. 0 Westbahn 30,90. 0 Ung. - Gal. Verbind. Baltische 66. 30,0 Dortm. - Gr. - Ensch. Donetz Steinkohlenb. 96. 50 • 4 Marienb. - Mlawka „ Kursk - Kiew 000. 00. 0 Ostpr. Südbahn „ Moskau - Brest 66. 10. 0 Saalbahn Russ. Gr. Staatsb. 129. 25,0 Unterelbische „ Südwestb. 82,30. 4 Weimar - Gera „ 4 118 , 7n. 4 115,10 • 4 113,00. 0 114. 404 102. 004 94. 60. 4 Versicherungs - Actien. D. Transp. -. - G. 2000,00. 2 Dresdn. Allg. - G. 3610,00. 2 Düsseld. Allg. Trsp. 0000,00. 0 Elberf. - Vers. - G. 6210,01. 2 Gladbacher „ 0000,00. 0 Leipziger „ 00000,00. 0 Magdeburger „ 4600,00. 0 „ Hg. -. - G. 40 % E. 657,00. 2 „ Rückvers. - Ges. 1040,00. 2 Niedrrh. Güter - Ars. 0000. 00. 0 Industrie - Papiere. Harpen , Bergb. - Ges. 167,00. 4 H. Sächs. Maschinenf. 180 , 00. 3 Hemmoor , Cement 179,10. 2 P. -. -. , Stettin 1310,09. 2 Rhein. - Westf. Lloyd 0000,00. 0 „ „ Rückvrs. 000,00. 0 Sächs. Rückversich. 795,00. 2 Schles. Feuervers. 2150,00. 2 Thuringia , Erfurt 0000,00. 0 Union , A. Dtsch. Hag. 030,00. 0 Victoria in Berlin 0000,00. 0 Westdtsch. Vers. - B. 1430. 00. 2 Bochum. Bergw. - Ges. 59,60. 0 ( Hibernia Bergw. - Ges. 166,90. 3 Gufsstahl Kölner Bergwerk Dessauer Gas - Ges. Donnersmarckhütte Dortm. UnionVrz. - A. 204,50. 3 166,50. 4 181,50. 2 79,00. 4 97,25. 4 Hörder Hütte 78,75. 4 „ „ Vrz. - A. 135,75. 0 Kette , Elbschiff. 83,09. 4 Königin - Marienhütte 84,00. 4 Lauchhammer 118,753 Laurahütte 139,60. 0 Louise Tiefbau 114,004 „. - A. 164,10. 3 Nordd. Lloyd ( 1000 ) 185,104 Oberschi. Eisnb. Bed. 113,604 Oberschl. Eisen - Ind. 201,25. 4 Phönix Bergw. Lit. A 121,50. 4 Lit. A abgest. 141,10. 4 Bergw. Lit. B 54,00. 4 Elberefider Farbenf. 188,00. 4 Gaggenauer Eisenw. 127,604 Gelsenkirch. Bergw. 147,25. 0 Georg - Mar. - Hütte 81,00,4 „ „ „ Vrz. - A. 106,10. 2 Görl. Eisenb. - Bed. 192,25. 4 Gr. Berl. Pferdeb. 272. 00. 4 Grusonwerke 303,504 Hamb. Strafsenbahn 141,10. 4 Harb. - Wien. Gummi 239,904 Aach. - Burtsch. Pfrdb. 52,00. 2 Egst. Hnn. Mch. - A. 107,10. 6 Mechernich. Bergw. 279,00. 2 22,50. 3 Egestorff , Salzwerk 129. 50. 3 Mend. Schwerte umg. 151,25. 4 Rhein. - Nass. Bergw. 128. 25. 4 Schering chem. Fabr. 309,00. 4 Schles. Zinkh. - Ges. 166,50. 0 „ „ Vorz. - A. 166,50. 0 SchwartzkopffMschb. 338,00. 4 Stettiner Vulcan 166,00. 1 Stolberg. Zinkh. - Ges. 56,80 3 „ Vorz. - Act. 133,00. 4 Ung. Waffenfabrik 136. 00. 4 Wstf. Draht - Industr. 98,004 Wicküler Brauerei 160. 50. 4 5 Donnermh. Schldv. 000,00. 0 6 Dortm. Bergb. „ 101894 5 Dortm. Union „ 112,30. 0 4½. Donrsm. , 106,10. 2 4 Kramsta Lein. „ 103,00. 4 Naphtha Nobel - Anl. 103,50. 4 4 Nd. Lloyd Schldv. 103,00. 1 Berl. - Charlb. Bauvr. 154,80. 0 Brauerei Victoria 138,75. 2 Berl. Kunst - Verlag 140,004 Berg. Brauerei - Act. 153,50. 4 Berzelius , Bensb. - Gl. 124,30. 4 Bonifacins 114,90. 0 Borussia in Dortmund 69,25. 2 Braunschw. Jute - Sp. 197,00. 0 Braunschw. Kohlenw. 70,004 „ „. - A. 98,25. 4 Bresl. Wagb. Linke 185,00. 4 Bresl. Wagb. Hoffm. 176,00. 0 Köln - Müsen 67,001 Deutsche Jute - Sp. 178,504 Deutsch. Spiegelglas 139,40. 0 Dortm. Act. - Brauer. 352,60. 2 Drtm. Union - Brauer. 259,75. 2 „ Bergb. - A. 86,00. 4 Düsseld. Draht - Ind. 125,10. 4 Düsseld. Wggonfabr. 187,25. 2 Egst. Hnn. Mch. St. - A. 26,00. 4 Hagener Gufsstahl 132,50. 4 Hamburg - Rottweil 400,504 Harkort Bergw. umg. 120,00. 4 Vrz. - A. „ 194,00. 4 5 % Schuldv. 102,70. 4 Brückb. umg. 130,50. 4 „. - A. 154,10. 2 Harzer 6 % Vorr. -. A. 73,00. 0 Herbrand , Waggon 164,50. 3 Hochdahl 53,50. 4 Hoefel - Brauerei 144,00. 0 Inowrazlaw Salzw. 55,10. 2 König Wilhelm , umg. 145,25. 4 Leopoldshall , chem. 129,00. 4 „ Vrz. - A. 000,00. 0 Lothr. Eisenw. ( 300 4 ) 35 , 75. 3 Löwe & amp ; Co. 339,00. 0 Ravensberg. Spinn. 153,00. 2 Rhn. - Westf. Industr. 119,25. 4 Rhein. Stahlwerke 181,004 Riebecksche Montw. 180,25. 4 Ros. Braunkohlenw. 86,504 Zuckerfabrik 118,00. 3 Sächs. Webst. - Fabr. 279. 25. 2 Schles. Cementfabr. 231,75. 0 Siemens Glasindustr. 162,80. 3 Stadtberger Hütte 131,90. 0 Stassf. chem. Fabr. 153,00. 4 Stettin - Bred. Cem. 232,75. 0 Tarnow. Bergb. - A. 97,75. 4 Trust Dynamite 105,25. 0 Voigt & amp ; Winde G. 138,10. 4 Vulkan umgew. 131,754 Westeregeln Alkali 189,00. 4 Magdob. Bergw. - Ges. 259 , 75. 2 Westf. Union Vrz. - A. 146,004 Marienh. b. Kotzenau 81,10. 41Wissener Berg. u. H. 35,80. 4 Märk. Masch , umg. 143,25. 4 Wittener Gufsstahl 165,00. 4 Amsterdam , 8 Tage 2Monat 168,50 Belg. Plätze,8Tage 80,90 2 Monat 80,45 Italien. Plätze , kurz 80,651 „ lang 80,10 Lissabon , kurz 4,53 „ lang 0,00 London 8 Tage 20,455 Märk. - Wstf. Bgw. - V. 197. 00. 0 Wurmrevier Wechselpreise. 169,10 London , 3 Monat 20,33 Warschau , 8 Tage 77,80. 4 New - York 4,18 Paris , kurz 81,30 „ lang 80,60 Petersburg , 3 Wochen 217,80 „ 3 Monat 216. 00 Schweiz. Plätze , 10. 80,70 Span. Plätze , kurz 78,65 lang 78,40 Wien , 8 Tage „ 2 Monat Pest , lang Oesterr. Banknoten Russ. Bankn. Cassa " Zollziusscheine 324,40 Napoleondor 16,215 Platz - Wechselzinsf. 1⅝ % 218,20 168,80 168,10 000. 00 169,00 218,35 Nachbörse. 3 Uhr 24 Min. nachm. ( Schlüsse auf Zeit. ) Berliner Handels - Ges. 184,50 Darmstädter Bank 180,00 Deutsche Bank 175,90 Disconto - Ges. - Ant. 238,90 Oesterr. Credit - Actien 158,90 Bochumer Gufsstahl 204,90 Dortmunder Union 97,00 Gelsenkirch. Bergw. 147,90 Königs - u. Laurahütte 139. 50 Dux - Bodenb. Eisenb. 203,00 Ostpreufs. Südbahn 104,90 Elbethalbahn 92,90 Südösterr. ( Lombard. ) 42,90 Galiz. Karl - Ludwigsb. 87,00 Aegypter 4 % 90,50 Gotthardbahn 145,50 Italienische Rente 96,30 Hess. Ludwigsbahn 116,75 Russen 1880er 92. 00 Ital. Mittelmeerbahn 119,75 ] „ 1884er 102,00 Marienburg - Mlawka 82,40 Russ. II. Orient - Anl. 67,35 Mecklenburger 166,75 ] „ Banknoten 218,25 Oest. - Franz. Staatsb. 102,40 Ungar. Gold - Rente 86,90 Gestern standen Victoria - Brauerei 139,90 , Inovazlaw Salzbergwerk 55,10. Berlin ,. April. , 2½ U. nachm. Fruchtbörse. Weizen April - Mai 188,25 , Juni - Juli 189,50 , Sept. - Oct. 187,50 K. Gek. 15000Ctr. Roggen Apri Mai 144,50 , Juni - Juli 146. 75 , Sept. - Oct. 149,00 K Gek. 159 000Ctr. Hafer April - Mai 142,00 , Mai - Juni 139,75 , Sept. - Oct. 137,00 4 Gek. 0000Ckr. Rüböl vorr. mit Fals 57,70 , ohne Fafs 51,00 , April - Mai 57,30 , Sept. - Oct. 51,70 - H. Gek. 0000kr. Spiritus 70er vorr. 34,70 , April - Mai 34,30 , Juni - Juli 35,00 , Aug. - Sept. 35,70 , 50er vorr. 54. 50 , April - Mai 53,20 , Juni - Juli 54,10 , Aug. - Sept. 55,10 - K. Gek. 50er 5100007 , 70er 570000. Petroleum vorr. 22,70 - /. Gek. 0000Ckr. Von Weizen wurden heute nur noch 750t gekündigt. Zeitweise ist aber trotz flauen Auslandes die Haltung durch fortgesetzte Deckungskäufe befestigt worden , der Schlufs war flauer. Roggen eröffnete zwar auch ziemlich fest , die starke Kündigung von 7850t rief aber bald eine recht gedrückte Stimmung hervor. Hafer bewahrte ziemlich feste Haltung. Auch Rüböl ist bei kleinem Umsatz behauptet. Spiritus ist durch Deckungen wesentlich im Preise ge steigert worden. bordfrei Hamburg April 17. 75 bez. , 17. 80 Br. , Mai 17,87½ bez. , Juni 17,95 bez. u. Br. , Juli 17,97½ bez. Fest , Schlufs ruhiger. „ Breslau , 2. April. Fruchtbörse. Spiritus 50er April 52. 00 , April - Mai 92. 00 , Aug. - Sept. 53. 90 , 70er April 32,30. K. Roggen April 149,00 , April - Mai 149. 00. Juni - Juli 152,00. K Rüböl April 58,50 , April - Mai 57,50 4 — Veränderlich. — ∆ Der seit 1881 in Berlin bestehende , bisher besonders rein wissen schaftlichen Arbeiten zugewandte Deutsche Verein zur rung der Luftschiffahrt bereitet neuerdings unter dem Vorsitze des Meteorologen Herrn Dr. Aßmann eine planmäßige Untersuchung der Luftschichten bis zu 600m Höhe vor , welche mittels eines kleinern Fesselballons und selbstthätiger photographischer Werkzeuge zunächst nur für Luftwärme und Luftdruck ausgeführt werden soll. Ein an ziehender , durch Vorführung von Mustern unterstützter Vortrag des Herrn Ingenieur Bartsch von Siegsfeld in der letzten Vereinssitzung gab ein anschauliches Bild von der hohen Wichtigkeit dieses Planes , gegen 30 möglichst langwährende Auffahrten des Ballons sollen den nötigen Beobachtungsstoff liefern. Der Plau fand im Verein und auch außerhalb lebhafte Unterstützung. Aus der Vereinscasse wur den 500. 4 bewilligt. Einige der bedeutendsten Großindustriellen haben dem Verein für den Bedarf an Stahldrahtkabel , Ballonseide u. s. w. bedeutende Preisermäßigungen angeboten. So dürfte die Ausführ barkeit des wichtigen Unternehmens als gesichert erscheinen. ( Aus dem Kreise Kempen , 27. März. Obwohl die Eisenbahnstrecke Dülken = Waldniel = Brüggen längst genehmigt , abgemessen und abgepfählt ist , so ist mit dem Ausbau dieser Bahn , die den aufblühenden Dachziegelfabriken Brüggens neue Absatzgebiete erschließen wird , bis jetzt noch nicht begonnen worden. Die Stadt Dülken hat sich zur Zeit verpflichtet , den erforderlichen Grund und Boden frei herzugeben. Die Grunderwerbskosten , die man auf 30 000 A veranschlagt , befaufen sich aber auf 70000. / Darin liegt der Grund , daß diese Strecke noch nicht ausgebaut ist , denn weil die Kosten so bedeutend über die veranschlagte Summe hinausgehen , ist die Stadt Dülken in erneute Verhandlungen mit Grundeigentümern und der Eisenbahnverwaltung getreten , um allenfalls die Baulinie in ein billigeres Gelände zu verlegen. — Daß ein Bedürfnis zur Errich tung einer Gemüsebauschule im hartbedrängten niederrheinischen Weverbezirk zur Einführung eines andern Erwerbszweiges vorlag , beweisen die zahlreichen Anmeldungen , die zu dem am 1. April in Breyell beginnenden Lehren # # # s exfolgt sind. Die meisten Zöglinge sind aus dem Kreise Kempen ; aus allen Gegenden Rheinlands und Westfalens sind Gesuche um Aufnahme gekommen. — Da die Seiden stofffabriken in den letzten Wochen größere Aufträge erhalten haben , so finden viele arbeitslose Samtweber lohnende Beschäftigung in den Stofffabriken oder als Seidenweber auf dem Handwebstuhl. 5 Aus Westfalen , 30. März. Eine in diesen Tagen zu Gelsen kirchen stattgehabte , von etwa 1000 polnischen Katholiken besuchte Versammlung beschloß , an die bischöfliche Behörde zu Paderborn und an den katholischen Kirchenvorstand zu Gelsenkirchen eine Eingabe wegen Anstellung eines zweiten polnischen Geistlichen zu richten. — Auf dem westfälischen Antisemitentage soll nach neuerer Vereinbarung , damit der Parteitag nicht unter der Fehde „ Dr. König contra Dr. Böckel “ zu leiden hat , an Stelle des Dr. Böckel Herr Hof prediger Stöcker aus Berlin an den Verhandlungen teilnehmen. — Morgen wird die Dechenhöhle für den Besuch des Publicums wieder geöffnet und werden die Personenzüge daselbst halten. C Recklinghausen , Reg. = Bez. Münster , 30. März. Das drei Jahre alte Söhnchen eines Höfners zu Oer hatte sich vor etlichen Wochen beim Spielen in der Haardt , einer benachbarten weit aus gedehnten Heide , verirrt. Wiederholtes Durchsuchen der Heide blieb erfolglos. Gestern Abend endlich fand ein Jäger aus Gelsen kirchen die Leiche des Kindes , die zwischen dichtem , kurzen Gestrüpp halbverborgen lag. [ Frankfurt a. , 30. März. Post - Dampfschiffverbindungen nach aussereurop. Ländern. Die Abfahrt der Schiffe erfolgt : vom Ein schiffungs - an folgenden Tagen # # # hafen Briefe mässen aus Köln spätestens abgesandt werden Nach Aden , Britisch - Indien ( einschliesslich Birmna ) , sowie nach den Fran zösischen und portugiesischen Colonieen in Vorder - Indien ( Chandernagor , Daman , Diu , Goa , Karikal , Mahé , Pondichery , Fanaon ) , ferner nach Bagdad und Bassora in der asiat. Türkei , nach Mascat , Kabut , Guadur , Kaschmir und Ladaich Prindist Prindisl jeden zweiten Freitag 4 Uhr früh , zunächst 5. 19. April , 3. 17. Mai ( deutsche Schiffe. ) jeden Montag 4 Uhr frün ( engl. Schiffe ) Dienstag 2. 16. 30. Aprti , 14. Mai 5 Uhr Nachm. Freitag 5 Uhr Nachm. Nach Ching “ ) , Japan ’ ) , Korent ) Ceyien , Singapore , Niedertändisch Indien ( Sunda - Insein , Molukken ) , Französisch - Cochinckina , nebst Kam bodscha , Anam and Tongking , Siam , Philippinen : Prtndist Bründist Prisdist Marseile jeden zweiten Freitag 4 Uhr früh , zu nächst. 2 ) 19. April ,. 2 ) 17. Mai ( deutsche Schiffe ) jetion zweiten Montag 4 Uhrfrüh , zun. 15. 29. April , 13. Mai ( engl. Schiffe ) jeden zweiten Montag 4 Uhr fr. , zu nächst 8. 22. April , 6. Mai ( bis Port Said engl. , sodann französ. Schiffe ) jeden zweiten Sonntag 4 Uhr Nm. zunächst 7. 21. April , 5. Mai 2. 16. 30. April , 14. Mai 5 Uhr Nm. 12. 26. April , 16. Mai 5 Uhr Nm. 5. 19. April , 3. Mai 5 Uhr Nm. 6. 20. Aprü , 4. Mal 8 Uhr 32 Vm. # # # - Nach Niederländisch - Indien ausserdem : Genua jeden zweiten Donnerstag 2 Uhr Nm. f zunachst 11. 25. April , 9. Mai ( niederländische Schiffe ) Marseille jeden zweiten Donnerstag , zunächst 4. 18. April , 2. 16. Mai ( niederl. Sch. ) 9. 23. April , 7 Mai 5 Uhr Nm. 16. 30. April , 14. Mai 10 Uhr 30 Ab. Nach Kleinasien und Syrien. a. Nach Smurna : Briefsendungen dahin werden über Konstantinopel geleitet. Auf Verlangen des Absenders erfolgt die Beförderung indes auch mit folgenden Gelegenheiten : * 2 stag 1 UIhn 20 früh fästerr. ) Preitag 5 Trha Brindisi jeden montug 1 Uhr 30 früh ( österr. Schiffe ) jeden Mittwoch 12 Uhr Nachts Preitag 5 Uhr Nachm. Montag 5 Uhr Nachm. b. Nach Beyrut ( Damaskus ) , Jaffa ( Jerusalem ) , Cupern : Brindisi Brindkist Brindisi Kenstanti nopel jeden zweiten Freitag 4 Uhr früh , zunächst 5. 19. Aprfl , 3. 17. Mai ( deutsche Schiffe. ) jeden Samstag 5 Uhr früh ( österreichische Schiffe ) jeden Montag 4 Uhr früh ( englische Schiffe ) jeden zweiten Donnerstag 4 Uhr Nm. zunächst 11. 25. April , 9. Mai ( österreichische Schiffe ) Dienstag 2. 16. 30. April , 14. Mai 5 Uhr Nachm. Mittwoch 5 Uhr Nachm. Preitag 5 Uhr Nachm. Montag 8. 22. April. Nachm. 6. Mai 5 Uhr Nach Persien. ( Beförderungsdauer von Bertin nach Taurts über Russland 16 Tage , von Berlin nach Teheran über Konstantinopel 19 Tage. ) Briefsendungen dahin werden über Russland geleitet , auf welchem Wege eine wöchentlich zweimalige Postverbindung nach Persien besteht. Auf Verlangen des Absenders erfeigt die Beförderung indes auch mit folgenden Gelegenheiten : e ) Nach Hauti - San Domingo : Southampton Bordeaux Hamburg Havre jeden zweiten Donnerstag 6 U. Ab. , zunächst 4 , 18. April , 2. 16. Mai am 10. 6 ) jedes Monats 11 U. Vorm. am. 7 ) jedes Monats am 12. 8 ) jedes Monats am 18. 7 ) jedes Monats am 27. 9 ) jedes Monats am. 7 jedes Monats ( Hamb. Sch. ) am 15. 8 ) jedes Monats am 23. 7 ) jedes Monats am 30. “ ) jedes Monats am 3. 17. April , 1. 15. Mai 1 U. 13 Nachm. am 9. jedes Monats 8 U. 32 Vm. am 3. jedes Monats 1 U. 10 Nm. am 11. jedes Monats 1 U. 10 Nm. am 17. jedes Monats 1 U. 10 Nm. am 26. jedes Monats 1 U. 10 Nm. am 5. jedes Monats 10 U. 30 Ab. am 13. jedes Monats 10 U. 30 Ab. am 21. jedes Monats 10 U. 30 Ab. am 28. jedes Monats 10 U. 30 Ab. Neuer Verlag von Breitkopf & amp ; Hartel in Leipzig. * ) Nach Jamgica : Auf Verlangen des Absenders auch über Neuo - Torle. dort weiter nach Jameica viermal monatlich. Von Southamptonl jeden zweiten Donnerstag 6 U. Ab. , am 3. 17. April , 1. 15. Mai 1 U. 13 zunächst 4. 18. April , 2. 16. Mai Nachm. Nach Portorico. Wie nach St. Thomas , siehe ). Auf Verlangen des Ab senders ausserdem : Cadix Cornna am 10. u. 30. jed. Monats 1. Nm. ] am 6. und 26 , jed. Mts. 8 U. 32 Vm. am 21. jedes Monats. am 18. jedes Monats 8 U. 32 Vm. b ) Nach St. Lucic : Southampton St. Nazaire jeden zweiten Donnerstag 6 U. Ab. , zunächst 4. 18. April , 2. 16. Mai am 10. jedes Monats Mittags. am 3. 17. April , 1. 15. Mai 1 Uhr 13 Nachm. am 9. jedes Monats 8 U. 32 Vm. ! ) Nach St. Thomas : Southampton Bordeaux Hamburg Havre jeden zweiten Donnerstag 6 U. Ab. , zunächst 4. 18. Anril , 2. 16. Mai am 10. jedes Monats 11 U. Vorm am 12. und 27. jedes Monats am 15. u. 30. jeck Ats. ( Hamb. Sch. ) am 3. 17. Aprik , 1. 15. Mai 1 Uhr 13 Nachm. am 9. jedes Monats 8 U. 32 Vm. am 11 , u. 26. jed. Monats 1 U. 10 Nm. am 13. u. 28. jed. Monats 10 U. 30 Ab. Kaffer Achbark. Phantastisches Volksschauspiel in 2 Abtheilungen von Otto Devrient. Vielfach veränderte Textausgabe. VI u. 93 S. 80. Kartonnirt. Preis. # Nachdem der Tod die Helden dieser Dichtung ihrem Volke entrissen hat , wird das schlichte Spiel , welches die ganz naiven Eindrücke jener unver geßlichen Zeit unmittelbar festzuhalten bestrebt ist , für Bühnen als Gelegen heitsstück , namentlich aber auch für Schulaufführungen eine will kommene Gabe sein. k ) Nach Tobago : Southamptont jeden vierten Donnerstag 6 U. Ab. , zunächst 18. April , 16. Mat am 17. April , 15. Mai 1 U. 13 Nm. ) Nach Trinidad : Southampton St. Nazaire Bordeaux Amsterdam jeden zweiten Dennerstag 6 U. Ab. , zunächst 4. 18. April , 2. 16. Mai am 10. jedes Monats Mittags. am 26. jedes Monats 11 U. Vm. am 12. jedes Monats 10 U. Vorm. am 3. 17. Aprü , 1. 15. Mai 1 Uhr 13 Nachm. am 9. jedes Monats 8 U. 32 Vorm. am 25. jedes Monats 8 U. 32 Vm. am 11. jodes Monats 3 Uhr 40 Nm. Süd - America. Nach der Argentinischen Repucblik , Uruguay , Paraguen : Konstanti nopel Brindisi jeden Mittwoch früh ( russische Schiffe ) jeden Montag 4 Uhr früh ( englische Schiffe. ) Samstag 5 Uhr Nachm. Freitag 5 Uhr Nachm. Bordeaux Lissabom. Southampten Lissabon Bordeaux Lissabon Hamburg Bremerhaven Antwerpen Genun Antwerpen 1 ) Nach Algier : Briefsendungen dahin werden der kranzösischen Postverwak tung zur Weiterbeförderung zugeführt. Von französischen Häfen fahren fast täglich Postschiffe nach Algier. Beförderungsdauer von Köln bis Algier 3 Tage. 2 ) Nach den Azoren : Lissabon. am 5. 20. jedes Monats 16 U. Vorm. 2. und 17. jedes Monats 8 U. 32 V. # 3 ) Nach den Canarischen Inseln : Liverpool. Jam 6. 10. 3 ) 13. 20. 3 ) 27. Aprlk , 1. 4. 11. 3 ) 18. Mai am 6. April , 4 Mai am 2. und 17. jedes Monats am 10. jedes Monats 1 U. Nm. am 4. S. 11. 18. 25. 29. April , 2. 9. 16. Mai 10 Uhr 47 Abds. am 4. April , 2. Mai 10 U. 47 Abds. 13. 28. April , 13. Mai 8 Uhr 32 Vm. am 6. jedes Monats 8 Uhr 32 Vm. * 4 ) Nach dem Capland , Natal , Transvaal , Orar Lissabon jeden Montag 4 Uhr Nm. ( engi. Sch. ) Oranje - Freistaat : Freitag 8 Uhr 32 Vorm. 5 ) Nach den Cupperdischen Inseln. Lissabon Lissabon am 6. jedes Monats 10 Uhr Vm. Montag 22. 29. April , 27. Mai ( eng lische Schiffe. ) am 3. jedes Monats 8 Uhr 32 Vm. am 19. 26. April , 24. Mai 8 Uhr 32 V 6 ) Nach Aegupten ( Nubien , Sudan ) : : jeden Samstag 5 Uhr ( rüh ( ästr. Brindis Brindist Neapel Brindiss Brindisi Marseille jeuen Samstag 5 Uhr früh ( östr. Sch. ) Mittwoch 5 Uhr Nachm. jeden Montag 4 Uhr früh ( engl. ) ] Freitag 5 Uhr jeden Mittwoch 7 Uhr 30 Abds. jeden zweiten Freitag 4 Uhr früh , zunächst 5. 19. April , 3 , 17. Mai ( deutsche Schiffe ) jeden zweiten Montag 8 Uhr Vm. zunächst 15. 29. April. 13 Mai ( englische Schiffe. ) am 7 , 12. 21 , 26. April , 5. 10. Mai 4 Uhr Nachm. Fleitag 5 Uhr Nachm. Montag 5 Uhr Nachm. Dienstag 2. 16. 30. Aprik , 14. Mai 5 Uhr Nachm. Freitag 12. 26. April , 10. Mai 5 Uhr Nachm. am 6. 11. 20. 25 April , 4. 9. Mai 8 Uhr 32 Vorm. 7 ) Nach Madeira : Lissabon Lissabon Lissabon Liverpool Hamburg Hamburg am 6. u. 20. jedes Mon. 10 Uhr Vm. jeden Montag 4 Uhr Nm. ( engl. Sch. ) am 13. jedes Monats ( französ. Sch. ) am 6. 13. 27. April , 4. 18. Mai jeden Donnerstag Abend am 15. und letzten jedes Mts. Abd. # am 3. u. 17. jed. Mon. 8 Uhr 32 V. Freitag 8 Uhr 32 Vorm. am 10. jedes Monats 8 Uhr 32. V. am 4. 11. 25. April , 2. 16. Ma 10 Uhr 47 Abends. Donnerstag 1 Uhr 10 Nachm. am 15. u. letzt. j. Mon. 1 U. 10 Nm. 8 ) Nach Marocco. Briefsendungen dahin werden über Spanien geleitet. Beför derungsdauer von Köln bis Tanger — 5 Tage. Auf Verlangen des Absenders erfolgt die Beförderung indes auch mit folgenden Gelegenheiten : Port Vendres Marseille Genua jeden Mittwoch 6 Uhr 30 Ab. am 7. und 22. jedes Monats Dienstag 8 Uhr 32 Vm. am 6. 21. jed. Mon. 8 U. 32 Vorm. am 8. und 24. jedes Monats Nachm. am 16. und 22. jod. Mon. 5. , Nm. 9 ) Nach Tripokis : 7 Auf Verlangen des Absenders aueh über Itallen. Marsoille. jeden Montag u. Preitag 4 U. Nm. Donnerstag n. Sonntag 8 U. 32 Vm. # 10 ) Nach Tunsis : Marseille Cagliarl Palermo jeden Montag , Mittwoch unl Freitag 4 Uhr Nachm. jeden Sonntag 7 Uhr Abends. jeden Dienstag 10 Uhr Abends. Sonntag , Dienstag und Donnerstag 8 Uhr 32 Vorm. Donnerstag 5 Uhr Nachm. Samstag 9 Uhr Vorm. 11 ) Nach Ostafrics a ) Lamu , Mombasa , Zanzibar. Brindisl Marseille am 15. 22. “ ) April , 13. 20. ) Mai 4 U. 12. 19. April , 10. 17. Mai 5 Uhr Nm. früh ( englische Schiffe. ) am 12. jedes Monato 4 Uhr Nmt am 11. jedes Ats. 8 Uhr 32 Vm. jeden zweiten Samstag 11 U. Vm. , zunächst 6. 20. April , 4. 18. Mai ( englische Schiffe ) jeden zweiten Mittwoch , zunächst 10. 24. April , 8. 22. Mai ( engl. Sch. ) Donnerstag 18. 25. April , 9. Mai Montag 22. 29. April , 13. Mai ( engl. Schiffe. ) am 5. u. 20. jedes Mts. 11 U. Vm. am 8. u. 23. jedes Mts. ( franz. Sch. ) jeden Donnerstag Abend am 10. und 24. jeden Monats am 14. und 23. jeden Monats ( Bremer Schiffe ) am 1. 3. 19. 14. 15. 24. jedes Monats. am 1. u. 15. jedes Monats am. 19. April , 3. 17. Mai 8 U. 32 Vm. am 7. 21 April ,. 19. Mai 8 U. 32Vm. am 17. 24. April , 8. Mai 1 U. 13 Nm. am 19. 26. April , 10. Mai 10 U. 30 Abends am 4. u. 19. jedes Mon. 8 U. 32 Vm. am 5. u. 20. jedes Mon. 8 U. 32 Vm. Donnerstag 1 U. 10 Nm. am 9. u. 23. jeden Monats 11 U. 40 A. am 13. und 27. jeden Mon. 1 Uhr 13 Nm. am 1. 8. 12. 13. 22. u. vorletzten jedes Monats 5 U. Nmn. am 14. u. letzten 1 U. 13 Nm. Nach Brusilien : Bordeanx Souskampton Lissabon Bordeaux Lissabon Borleaux Lissabon Hamburg Lissabon Hamburg Lissabon Bremerhaven Antwerpen Lissabon Lissabon jeden zweiten Samstag 11 U. Vm. zunächst. 10 ) 20. Aprül ,. 10 ) 18. Mai ( englische Schiffe ) joden zweiten Mittwoch , zunächst 10. 10 ) 24. Aprit ,. 10 ) 22. Mai ( englische Schiffe ) jeden zweiten Donnerstag , zunächst 11. 25. April , 9. Mai jeden zweiten Montag , zunächst 15. 29. April , 13. Mai ( engl. Sch. ) am 5. jedes Monats 11 Uhr Vm. am 8. jedes Monats ( franz. Sch. ) am 20. jedes Monats 11 Uhr Vm. am 23. jedes Monats ( franz. Sch. ) am 4. u. 18. jedes Monats Abends. am 12. u. 26. jed. Monats ( Hamb. Sch. ) am 11. u. 25. jedes Monats Abends am 19. Aprül , 3. Mai ( Hamb. Sch. ) am 25. jedes Monats. am 29. jedes Monats ( Bremer Sch. ) am 5. jedes Monats ( Bremer Sch. ) am 13. und 24. jedes Monats ( englische Schiffe ) am 5. 19. Aprä , 3. 17. Mai 8 U. 32 Vm. am 7. 21. Aprü ,. 19. Mai 8 U. 32 Fm. am 10 , 24. April , 3. Mai 1 Uhr 13 Nm. am 12. 26. Aprik , 10. Mai 10 Uhr 30 Ab. am 4. jedes Monats 8. 132 Vm. am 5. jedes Monats 8 U. 32 Vm. am 19. jedes Monats 8 U. 32 Vm. am 20. jedes Monats 8 U. 32 Vm. am. u. 18. jed. Monats 1 U. 10 Nm. am 9. u. 23. jed. Monats 8 U. 32 V. am 11. u. 25. jedes Mon. 1 U. 10 Nm. am 16. u. 30. jedes Mon. 8 U. 32 Vm. am 24. jedes Monats 11 U. 40 Ab. am 28. jedes Monats 1 U. 13 Nm. am 2. jedes Monats 8 U. 32 Vm. am 10. u. 21 , jed. Mon. 8 U. 32 Vm. Nach den Falistand - Insein : Dartmontli. am 13. Mai ( Hamburger Schiffe ) am 10. Mai 10 Uhr 47 Ab. Bordeanz. am 20. Aprll , 1. Juni 11 U. V. ( engl. ) am 19. Aprik , 31. Mai 8 U. 32 Vm. Nach Gruyana ( Brit. , Franz. u. Niederländ. ) „ Santhamptonf jeden zweiten Donnerstag 6 U. Ab, ] am 3. 17. Kpro , f. 15. Mai 1 U. 19 - oh 4. 18. Auril. 2. 16. Maif Nachar. St. Nazaire Amsterdam zunachst 4. 18. April , 2. 16. Mai am 10. jedes Monats Mittags am 9. jedes Manats 8 U. 32 Vm. am 12. jedes Monats 10 U. Vm. am 11. jedes Monats 3 U. 40 Nm. Nach Venezuela : ( Auf Verlangen des Absenders auch über Neu - Fork. Von dart weiter nach Venezueta 2 bis 3 mai monatlich. ) St. Nazaire Hamburg Havre Bordenux Hamburg IIavre Jonthampten Amsterdam and 10 : jedes Monats Mittags am 12. jedes Monats am 15. jedes Monats ( Hamb. Schiffe am 26. jedes Monats 11 U. Vm. am 27. jedes Monats am 30. jedes Monats ( Hamb. Schiffe jeden zweiten Donnerstag 6 U. Ab. zunächst 4 , 18. April , 2. 16. Ma am 12. jedes Monats 10 U. Vorm am 9. jedes Monats 8 U. 32 Vorm. am 11. jedes Monats 1 U. 10 Nm. am 13. jedes Monats 10 U. 30 Ab. am 25. jedles Monats 8 U. 32 Vm. am 26. jedes Monats 1 U. 10 Nm. am 28. jedes Monats 10 U. 30 Ab. am. 17. April , i. 15. Mai 1 U. 13 Nm. im 11. jedes Monats 3 U. 40 Nm. Lissabon Brindisi Brindist b ) Nach Delagoa Bay , Mozambique : 1 85 ) 15. 22. 8 ) Aprül ,. 9 ) 13. 90. 50 —. — Aprül ,. ) 13. 20. ) Mai ( engl. | 16,862 |
2021/02014R0224-20211020/02014R0224-20211020_IT.txt_2 | Eurlex | Open Government | CC-By | 2,021 | None | None | Italian | Spoken | 5,605 | 11,669 | Il 1o ottobre 2015 Ngaïkosset ha incontrato nel quartiere PK5 Haroun Gaye, uno dei leader del Front Populaire pour la Renaissance de Centrafrique (FPRC), con l'obiettivo di pianificare un attacco congiunto a Bangui sabato 3 ottobre.
L'8 ottobre 2015 il ministro della Giustizia della Repubblica centrafricana ha annunciato l'intenzione di indagare su Ngaïkosset e altre persone per il ruolo da loro svolto nelle violenze commesse nel settembre 2015 a Bangui. Ngaikosset e gli altri sono sospettati di coinvolgimento in «comportamenti gravi che costituiscono una violazione della sicurezza interna dello Stato, cospirazione, istigazione alla guerra civile, disobbedienza civile, odio e complicità.» Le autorità giudiziarie della Repubblica centrafricana sono state incaricate di avviare un'indagine per ricercare e arrestare gli autori di tali reati e i loro complici.
L'11 ottobre 2015 Ngaïkosset avrebbe chiesto alle milizie anti-balaka sotto il suo comando di effettuare sequestri di persona, in particolare di cittadini francesi ma anche di esponenti politici della Repubblica centrafricana e funzionari dell'ONU, con l'obiettivo di ottenere l'abbandono di Catherine Samba-Panza della carica di presidenza transitoria.
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9.
Joseph KONY [alias: a) Kony; b) Joseph Rao Kony; c) Josef Kony; d) Le Messie sanglant]
Designazione: comandante dell'Esercito di resistenza del Signore
Data di nascita: a) 1959; b) 1960; c) 1961; d) 1963; e) 18 settembre 1964; f) 1965; g) (agosto 1961); h) (luglio 1961); i) 1o gennaio 1961; j) (aprile 1963)
Lu go di nascita: a) Villaggio di Palaro, Parrocchia di Palaro, Contea di Omoro, Distretto di Gulu, Uganda; b) Odek, Omoro, Gulu, Uganda; c) Atyak, Uganda
Cittadinanza: passaporto ugandese
Indirizzo: a) Vakaga, Repubblica centrafricana; b) Haute-Kotto, Repubblica centrafricana; c) Basse-Kotto, Repubblica centrafricana; d) Haut-Mbomou, Repubblica centrafricana; e) Mbomou, Repubblica centrafricana; f) Haut-Uolo, Repubblica democratica del Congo; g) Bas-Uolo, Repubblica democratica del Congo; h) (indirizzo dichiarato: Kafia Kingi (un territorio ai confini fra il Sudan e il Sud Sudan il cui status definitivo deve ancora essere determinato. Dal gennaio 2015, 500 elementi dell'Esercito di resistenza del Signore sarebbero stati espulsi dal Sudan.)
Data della designazione ONU: 7 marzo 2016
Altre informazioni:
Kony è il fondatore e il leader dell'Esercito di resistenza del Signore (LRA) (CFe.002). Sotto la sua guida, l'LRA si è reso responsabile del sequestro, dell'uccisione e della mutilazione di migliaia di civili in tutta l'Africa centrale. L'LRA è responsabile del sequestro, dello sfollamento, di violenze sessuali e dell'uccisione di centinaia di individui in tutta la Repubblica centrafricana e ha saccheggiato e distrutto proprietà private. Il nome del padre è Luizi Obol. Il nome della madre è Nora Obol. In quanto leader dell'LRA, Kony ne elabora e attua la strategia, tra cui l'ordine permanente di attaccare e brutalizzare le popolazioni civili. Dal dicembre 2013 l'LRA, sotto la guida di Joseph Kony, si è reso responsabile del sequestro, dello sfollamento, di violenze sessuali e dell'uccisione di centinaia di persone in tutta la Repubblica centrafricana, nonché del saccheggio e della distruzione di proprietà private. Concentrato nella Repubblica centrafricana orientale, e, a quanto riferito, nel Kafia Kingi, territorio ai confini fra il Sudan e il Sud Sudan il cui status definitivo deve ancora essere determinato ma che è militarmente controllato dal Sudan, l'LRA effettua incursioni nei villaggi per razziare cibo e provviste. I combattenti dell'LRA tendono agguati alle forze di sicurezza che reagiscono agli attacchi e le derubano degli equipaggiamenti; ma saccheggiano anche villaggi in cui non c'è una presenza militare. L'LRA ha inoltre intensificato gli attacchi contro i siti di estrazione di diamanti e oro.
Kony è oggetto di un mandato di arresto emesso dalla Corte penale internazionale (CPI). La CPI ha formulato a suo carico dodici capi di accusa per crimini contro l'umanità, quali l'omicidio, la riduzione in schiavitù, la riduzione in schiavitù sessuale, lo stupro, atti inumani diretti a infliggere gravi lesioni personali e sofferenze, nonché 21 capi di accusa per crimini di guerra, ivi compresi l'omicidio, il trattamento crudele dei civili, gli attacchi intenzionali contro la popolazione civile, il saccheggiamento, l'istigazione allo stupro e l'arruolamento forzato, tramite sequestro, di bambini al di sotto dei 15 anni di età.
Kony ha impartito ai combattenti ribelli l'ordine permanente di sottrarre diamanti e oro a minatori artigianali nella Repubblica centrafricana orientale. Secondo quanto riferito, alcuni dei minerali vengono poi trasportati dal gruppo di Kony in Sudan o scambiati con civili locali e membri dell'ex Seleka.
Kony ha inoltre incaricato i combattenti di cacciare di frodo elefanti nel Parco nazionale di Garamba nella Repubblica democratica del Congo. Le zanne di elefante sarebbero successivamente trasportate attraverso la parte orientale della Repubblica centrafricana in Sudan, dove alti funzionari dell'LRA sarebbero in contatto con commercianti e funzionari locali sudanesi per venderle. Il commercio di avorio rappresenta una fonte importante di reddito per il gruppo di Kony. Dal gennaio 2015, 500 elementi dell'Esercito di resistenza del Signore sarebbero stati espulsi dal Sudan.
10.
Ali KONY [alias: a) Ali Lalobo; b) Ali Mohammad Labolo; c) Ali Mohammed; d) Ali Mohammed Lalobo; e) Ali Mohammed Kony; f) Ali Mohammed Labola; g) Ali Mohammed Salongo; h) Ali Bashir Lalobo; i) Ali Lalobo Bashir; j) Otim Kapere; k) «Bashir»; l) «Caesar»; m) «One-P»; n) «1-P»]
Designazione: vicecomandante, Esercito di resistenza del Signore
Data di nascita: a) 1994; b) 1993; c) 1995; d) 1992
Indirizzo: Kafia Kingi (un territorio ai confini fra il Sudan e il Sud Sudan il cui status definitivo deve ancora essere determinato)
Data della designazione ONU: 23 agosto 2016
Altre informazioni:
Ali Kony è un vicecomandante dell'Esercito di resistenza del Signore (LRA), entità designata, nonché figlio del leader dell'LRA Joseph Kony, persona designata. Ali è entrato nella gerarchia al comando dell'LRA nel 2010. Fa parte di un gruppo di alti dirigenti dell'LRA che operano a fianco di Joseph Kony. Link all'avviso speciale INTERPOL-Consiglio di sicurezza dell'ONU: https://www.interpol.int/en/notice/search/un/5971056
Informazioni tratte dalla sintesi dei motivi dell'inserimento nell'elenco forniti dal comitato delle sanzioni:
Ali Kony è stato inserito nell'elenco il 23 agosto 2016 ai sensi del punto 12 e del punto 13, lettere d) e g) della risoluzione 2262 (2016) in quanto tra coloro che «intraprendono o sostengono atti che minacciano la pace, la stabilità o la sicurezza della Rca;», che «forniscono sostegno a gruppi armati o a reti criminali mediante l'illecito sfruttamento o commercio di risorse naturali, ivi compresi diamanti, oro, fauna selvatica e suoi prodotti, nella o dalla Rca;»e che «sono a capo di un'entità designata dal comitato ai sensi del punto 36 o 37 della risoluzione 2134 (2014) o della risoluzione 2262 (2016) o hanno fornito sostegno a, o hanno agito per conto, a nome o sotto la direzione di una persona o entità designata dal comitato ai sensi del punto 36 o 37 della risoluzione 2134 (2014) o della risoluzione 2262 (2016), o di un'entità posseduta o controllata da una persona o entità designata».
Ali Kony è giudicato un potenziale successore di Joseph Kony a leader dell'LRA. Ali è sempre più coinvolto nella pianificazione delle operazioni dell'LRA ed è considerato il braccio destro di Joseph Kony. È anche un ufficiale dei servizi di intelligence dell'LRA al comando di 10 subalterni.
Ali e suo fratello Salim Kony sono entrambi responsabili di far rispettare la disciplina nell'LRA. Di entrambi i fratelli si sa che fanno parte della cerchia ristretta di Joseph Kony e che sono responsabili dell'esecuzione dei suoi ordini. Entrambi hanno preso decisioni disciplinari dirette alla punizione o all'esecuzione di membri dell'LRA che hanno disobbedito alle regole dell'LRA. Posti agli ordini di Joseph Kony, Salim e Ali sono coinvolti in un traffico di avorio che proviene dal Parco nazionale di Garamba nella Repubblica democratica del Congo (RDC) settentrionale, transita attraverso la Repubblica centrafricana per essere venduto o scambiato con i commercianti locali della regione contesa di Kafia Kingi.
Ali Kony è responsabile della negoziazione dei prezzi dell'avorio e del baratto dell'avorio con i commercianti. Ali incontra una o due volte al mese i commercianti per negoziare il prezzo dell'avorio dell'LRA in dollari USA o in sterline sudanesi, o per scambiarlo con armi, munizioni e cibo. Joseph Kony ha ordinato ad Ali di utilizzare le zanne di maggiori dimensioni per acquistare mine antipersona destinate a essere collocate intorno all'accampamento di Kony. Nel luglio 2014 Ali Kony ha supervisionato l'operazione di trasferimento e consegna di 52 pezzi di avorio a Joseph Kony e la vendita finale.
Nell'aprile 2015 Salim ha lasciato Kafia Kingi per prendere in consegna un carico di zanne. In maggio Salim ha partecipato al trasporto di 20 pezzi di avorio dalla RDC a Kafia Kingi. Intorno allo stesso periodo Ali incontrava i commercianti per acquistare forniture e pianificare un incontro futuro destinato a permettergli di condurre ulteriori transazioni e concordare le condizioni di acquisto, a nome dell'LRA, del carico ritenuto essere l'avorio che Salim stava scortando.
11.
Salim KONY [alias: a) Salim Saleh Kony; b) Salim Saleh; c) Salim Ogaro; d) Okolu Salim; e) Salim Saleh Obol Ogaro; f) Simon Salim Obol]
Designazione: vicecomandante dell'Esercito di resistenza del Signore
Data di nascita: a) 1992; b) 1991; c) 1993
Indirizzo: a) Kafia Kingi (un territorio ai confini fra il Sudan e il Sud Sudan il cui status definitivo deve ancora essere determinato); b) Repubblica centrafricana
Data della designazione ONU: 23 agosto 2016
Altre informazioni:
Salim Kony è un vicecomandante dell'Esercito di resistenza del Signore (LRA), entità designata, nonché figlio del leader dell'LRA Joseph Kony, persona designata. Salim è entrato nella gerarchia al comando dell'LRA nel 2010. Fa parte di un gruppo di alti dirigenti dell'LRA che operano a fianco di Joseph Kony. Link all'avviso speciale INTERPOL-Consiglio di sicurezza dell'ONU: https://www.interpol.int/en/notice/search/un/5971058
Informazioni tratte dalla sintesi dei motivi dell'inserimento nell'elenco forniti dal comitato delle sanzioni:
Salim Kony è stato inserito nell'elenco il 23 agosto 2016 ai sensi del punto 12 e del punto 13, lettere d) e g) della risoluzione 2262 (2016) in quanto tra coloro che «intraprendono o sostengono atti che minacciano la pace, la stabilità o la sicurezza della Rca;»,che «forniscono sostegno a gruppi armati o a reti criminali mediante l'illecito sfruttamento o commercio di risorse naturali, ivi compresi diamanti, oro, fauna selvatica e suoi prodotti, nella o dalla Rca;»e che «sono a capo di un'entità designata dal comitato ai sensi del punto 36 o 37 della risoluzione 2134 (2014) o della risoluzione 2262 (2016) o hanno fornito sostegno a, o hanno agito per conto, a nome o sotto la direzione di una persona o entità designata dal comitato ai sensi del punto 36 o 37 della risoluzione 2134 (2014) o della risoluzione 2262 (2016), o di un'entità posseduta o controllata da una persona o entità designata.»
Salim Kony è il comandante in capo del quartier generale delle «operazioni» dell'LRA e, sin dalla giovane età, ha progettato gli attacchi e le azioni di difesa dell'LRA insieme a Joseph Kony. In precedenza, Salim era alla guida di un gruppo incaricato di garantire la sicurezza di Joseph Kony. Più recentemente, Joseph Kony ha incaricato Salim della gestione delle reti finanziarie e logistiche dell'LRA.
Salim e il fratello Ali Kony sono entrambi responsabili di far rispettare la disciplina nell'LRA. Di entrambi i fratelli si sa che fanno parte della cerchia ristretta di Joseph Kony e che sono responsabili dell'esecuzione dei suoi ordini. Entrambi hanno preso decisioni disciplinari dirette alla punizione o all'esecuzione di membri dell'LRA che hanno disobbedito alle regole dell'LRA. Salim avrebbe ucciso membri dell'LRA che intendevano disertare, e avrebbe riferito sulle attività dei gruppi e dei membri dell'LRA a Joseph Kony.
Posti agli ordini di Joseph Kony, Salim e Ali sono coinvolti in un traffico di avorio che proviene dal Parco nazionale di Garamba nella Repubblica democratica del Congo (RDC) settentrionale, transita attraverso la Repubblica centrafricana (Rca) per essere venduto o scambiato con i commercianti locali della regione contesa di Kafia Kingi.
Salim si reca spesso alla frontiera dell'Rca, accompagnato da una dozzina di combattenti, per incontrare e scortare altri gruppi dell'LRA che trasportano l'avorio dal Garamba verso il nord. Nell'aprile 2015 Salim ha lasciato Kafia Kingi per prendere in consegna un carico di zanne. In maggio Salim ha partecipato al trasporto di 20 pezzi di avorio dalla RDC a Kafia Kingi.
Precedentemente, nel giugno 2014, Salim si era recato nella RDC con un gruppo di combattenti dell'LRA per il bracconaggio degli elefanti del Garamba. Joseph Kony aveva inoltre incaricato Salim di scortare due comandanti dell'LRA nel Garamba per recuperare partite di avorio che erano state nascoste anni prima. Nel luglio 2014 Salim ha incontrato un secondo gruppo dell'LRA per trasportare l'avorio, 52 pezzi in totale, a Kafia Kingi. Salim aveva il compito di rendere conto a Joseph Kony delle attività relative all'avorio e di trasmettere le informazioni sulle transazioni di avorio ai gruppi dell'LRA.
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12. Abdoulaye HISSENE (alias: a) Abdoulaye Issène; b) Abdoulaye Hissein; c) Hissene Abdoulaye; d) Abdoulaye Issène Ramadane; e) Abdoulaye Issene Ramadan; f) Issene Abdoulaye)
Titolo: presidente del Conseil National de Défense et de Sécurité (CNDS) e leader militare del Front Populaire pour la Renaissance de la Centrafrique
Designazione: "generale"
Data di nascita: a) 1967; b) 1o gennaio 1967
Luogo di nascita: a) Ndele, Bamingui-Bangoran, Repubblica centrafricana; b) Haraze Mangueigne, Ciad
Cittadinanza: a) Repubblica centrafricana; b) Ciad
Passaporto n.: a) passaporto diplomatico della Repubblica centrafricana n. D00000897, rilasciato il 5 aprile 2013 (scadenza: 4 aprile 2018) b) passaporto diplomatico della Repubblica centrafricana n. D00004262, rilasciato l’11 marzo 2014 (scadenza: 10 marzo 2019)
N. di identificazione nazionale: Carta d’identità nazionale del Ciad n. 103-00653129-22, rilasciata il 21 aprile 2009 (scadenza: 21 aprile 2019)
Indirizzo: a) KM5, Bangui, Repubblica centrafricana; b) Nana-Grebizi, Repubblica centrafricana; c) Ndjari, Ndjamena, Ciad d) Ndélé, Bamingui-Bangoran (ubicazione principale dall’agosto 2016)
Data della designazione ONU: 17 maggio 2017
Altre informazioni: Hissène è stato ministro della gioventù e dello sport all’interno del gabinetto dell’ex presidente della Repubblica centrafricana Michel Djotodia. Precedentemente, è stato a capo del partito politico della Convenzione dei patrioti per la giustizia e la pace. Si è inoltre affermato come leader delle milizie armate a Bangui, in particolare nel quartiere «PK5» (3o distretto). Nell’ottobre 2016 Abdoulaye Hissène è stato nominato presidente del Conseil National de Défense et de Sécurité, un organismo creato a suo tempo per riunire leader militari e combattenti graduati provenienti da tutte le fazioni ex-Séléka. Ricopre la carica da allora, ma ha il controllo effettivo solo dei combattenti dell’FPRC. Il nome del padre è Abdoulaye. Il nome della madre è Absita Moussa. Foto disponibile per l’inserimento nell’avviso speciale INTERPOL-Consiglio di sicurezza dell’ONU. Informazioni supplementari:
Abdoulaye Hissène e altri membri dell’ex-Séléka, in collaborazione con i fomentatori anti-balaka alleati con l’ex presidente della Repubblica centrafricana (RCA) François Bozizé, tra cui Maxime Mokom, hanno incoraggiato proteste violente e scontri nel settembre 2015 nel quadro di un fallito tentativo di colpo di Stato volto a far cadere il governo dell’allora presidente di transizione, Catherine Samba-Panza, mentre quest’ultima stava partecipando all’Assemblea generale delle Nazioni Unite del 2015. Mokom, Hissène e altri sono stati accusati dal governo centrafricano di vari reati, tra cui omicidi, incendi dolosi, torture e saccheggi nel quadro del fallito tentativo di colpo di Stato.
Dal 2015 Hissène è uno dei principali leader delle milizie armate del quartiere «PK5» di Bangui, che comprendono più di 100 uomini. In tale veste, ha impedito la libertà di circolazione e il ritorno dell’autorità statale nella zona, anche attraverso la tassazione illecita dei trasporti e delle attività commerciali. Nel secondo semestre del 2015 Hissène ha rappresentato i «nairobisti» dell’ex-Séléka a Bangui nel quadro di un riavvicinamento con i combattenti anti-balaka sotto la guida di Mokom. Uomini armati sotto il controllo di Haroun Gaye e Hissène hanno partecipato alle violenze verificatesi a Bangui tra il 26 settembre e il 3 ottobre 2015.
Membri del gruppo di Hissène sono sospettati di aver partecipato a un attacco perpetrato il 13 dicembre 2015 – il giorno del referendum costituzionale – diretto contro il veicolo di Mohamed Moussa Dhaffane, uno dei leader dell’ex-Séléka. Hissène è accusato di aver orchestrato gli atti di violenza commessi nel distretto KM5 di Bangui, che hanno provocato la morte di cinque persone e il ferimento di altre venti, impedendo inoltre ai residenti di recarsi alle urne in occasione del referendum costituzionale. Hissène ha messo a rischio le elezioni creando un ciclo di attacchi di ritorsione tra diversi gruppi.
Il 15 marzo 2016 Hissène è stato fermato dalla polizia all’aeroporto M’poko di Bangui e trasferito alla sezione della gendarmeria nazionale incaricata delle ricerche e delle indagini. La sua milizia lo ha successivamente liberato con la forza, rubando un’arma che la MINUSCA aveva precedentemente consegnato alla gendarmeria nazionale nell’ambito di una richiesta di deroga approvata dal comitato.
Il 19 giugno 2016, a seguito dell’arresto di commercianti musulmani da parte delle forze di sicurezza interna nel quartiere «PK 12», le milizie di Gaye e Hissène hanno rapito cinque agenti della polizia nazionale a Bangui. Il 20 giugno la MINUSCA ha tentato di liberare i poliziotti. Uomini armati sotto il controllo di Hissène e Gaye hanno avuto uno scontro a fuoco con i membri della forza di pace che tentavano di liberare gli ostaggi. Almeno sei persone sono state uccise e un membro della forza di pace è rimasto ferito.
Il 12 agosto 2016 Hissène ha preso la guida di un convoglio di sei veicoli sui quali viaggiavano anche individui pesantemente armati. Il convoglio, in fuga da Bangui, è stato intercettato dalla MINUSCA a sud di Sibut. Mentre si dirigeva verso nord, il convoglio ha avuto uno scontro a fuoco con le forze di sicurezza interna a vari posti di blocco ed è stato infine fermato dalla MINUSCA 40 km a sud di Sibut. A seguito di vari scontri a fuoco, la MINUSCA ha catturato 11 uomini, tuttavia Hissène e alcuni altri sono riusciti a fuggire. Le persone arrestate hanno segnalato alla MINUSCA che Hissène era il leader del convoglio e che il suo obiettivo era quello di giungere a Bria e partecipare all’assemblea dei gruppi ex Séléka organizzata da Nourredine Adam.
Nei mesi di agosto e settembre 2016 il gruppo di esperti si è recato due volte a Sibut al fine di ispezionare gli effetti di Hissène, Gaye e Hamit Tidjani ritrovati nel convoglio, sequestrati dalla MINUSCA in data 13 agosto. Il gruppo ha inoltre ispezionato le munizioni sequestrate nella casa di Hissène in data 16 agosto. Attrezzature militari letali e non letali sono state rinvenute nei sei veicoli e tra le persone fermate. Il 16 agosto 2016 la gendarmeria centrale ha fatto irruzione nell’abitazione di Hissène a Bangui, dove sono state trovate più di 700 armi.
Il 4 settembre 2016 un gruppo di elementi ex Séléka venuti da Kaga-Bandoro su sei motociclette per prelevare Hissène e i suoi affiliati ha aperto il fuoco contro la MINUSCA nei pressi di Dékoa. Un combattente dell’ex-Séléka è stato ucciso mentre due membri della forza di pace e un civile sono rimasti feriti nell’attacco.
13. Martin KOUMTAMADJI (alias: a) Abdoulaye Miskine; b) Abdoullaye Miskine; c) Martin Nadingar Koumtamadji; d) Martin Nkoumtamadji; e) Martin Koumta Madji; f) Omar Mahamat)
Designazione: presidente e comandante in capo del Front démocratique du peuple centrafricain (FDPC)
Data di nascita: a) 5 ottobre 1965; b) 3 marzo 1965
Luogo di nascita: a) Ndïnaba, Ciad; b) Kobo, Repubblica centrafricana; c) Kabo, Repubblica centrafricana
Cittadinanza: a) Ciad; b) Repubblica centrafricana; c) Congo
Passaporto n.: a) passaporto diplomatico della Repubblica centrafricana n. 06FBO2262, rilasciato il 22 febbraio 2007, scaduto il 21 febbraio 2012; b) passaporto di servizio del Congo n. SA0020249, rilasciato il 22 gennaio 2019, scade il 21 gennaio 2022
Indirizzo: a) Am Dafock, prefettura di Vakaga, Repubblica centrafricana; b) Ndjamena, Ciad (dal suo arresto nel novembre 2019)
Data della designazione ONU: 20 aprile 2020
Altre informazioni: Martin Koumtamadji ha fondato l’FDPC nel 2005. È entrato a far parte della coalizione Seleka nel dicembre 2012 prima di lasciarla nell’aprile 2013 dopo l’ascesa al potere dei ribelli a Bangui. In seguito al suo arresto in Camerun è stato trasferito a Brazzaville, nella Repubblica del Congo. È sempre rimasto al comando delle sue truppe sul terreno nella Repubblica centrafricana, anche quando si trovava a Brazzaville, prima del suo ritorno nella Repubblica centrafricana (tra il novembre 2014 e il 2019). L’FDPC ha firmato l’accordo politico per la pace e la riconciliazione nella Repubblica centrafricana il 6 febbraio 2019, ma Martin Koumtamadji resta una minaccia per la pace, la stabilità e la sicurezza della Repubblica centrafricana. Foto disponibile per l’inserimento nell’avviso speciale INTERPOL-Consiglio di sicurezza dell’ONU. Link all’avviso speciale INTERPOL-Consiglio di sicurezza dell’ONU: https://www.interpol.int/en/How-we-work/Notices/View-UN-Notices-Individuals
Informazioni tratte dalla sintesi dei motivi dell’inserimento nell’elenco forniti dal comitato delle sanzioni:
Presidente e comandante in capo del Front démocratique du peuple centrafricain (FDPC, un gruppo armato coinvolto in attività violente), Martin Koumatamadji ha perpetrato atti che minacciano la pace, la sicurezza o la stabilità della Repubblica centrafricana e, in particolare, l’attuazione dell’accordo politico per la pace e la riconciliazione nella Repubblica centrafricana firmato il 6 febbraio 2019 a Bangui.
Ha rifiutato il disarmo dei combattenti dell’FDPC, nonostante gli impegni assunti in qualità di firmatario dell’accordo politico per la pace e la riconciliazione nella Repubblica centrafricana, e ha minacciato di rovesciare il presidente Touadéra nel luglio 2019.
Nel giugno 2019 ha cominciato a cooperare con Nourredine Adam (CFi.002), persona oggetto di sanzioni, e ha partecipato al traffico d’armi con uno stretto associato di Nourredine Adam allo scopo di rafforzare le capacità militari dell’FDPC.
Ha anche proposto al Front populaire pour la renaissance de la Centrafrique (FPRC) di condurre un’operazione militare con un suo gruppo armato durante i combattimenti nella prefettura di Vakaga del 2019.
Ha continuato ad ostacolare il ripristino dell’autorità statale nelle aree delle operazioni dell’FPDC mantenendo blocchi stradali illegali per compiere estorsioni a danno degli allevatori di bestiame, degli attori economici (comprese le società minerarie impegnate nell’estrazione dell’oro nella prefettura di Nana Mambéré) e dei viaggiatori.
Sotto il suo comando l’FDPC ha commesso atti che costituiscono abusi o violazioni dei diritti umani nella prefettura di Nana-Mambéré, inclusi attacchi contro civili nell’aprile 2019, rapimenti di civili nel marzo 2019 (nei pressi di Zoukombo) e atti di violenza sessuale e di genere nel maggio 2019 (a Bagary). Nel 2017 l’FDPC ha inoltre commesso 14 atti di violenza sessuale in tempo di conflitto.
Tra il 2016 e il 2019 l’FDPC ha reclutato bambini da utilizzare come soldati nel conflitto armato e ha costretto undici ragazze a contrarre matrimonio con membri dell’FDPC.
Nel marzo 2019 Martin Koumtamadji ha contribuito a ostacolare l’inoltro di aiuti umanitari quando l’FDPC, sotto la direzione di Miskine, ha condotto una serie di attacchi sulla strada principale che dal Camerun conduce a Bangui.
Infine, elementi dell’FDPC sono entrati in conflitto con la MINUSCA nell’aprile 2019 nei pressi di Zoukombo (prefettura di Nana-Mambéré) e sull’asse Bouar-Béléko.
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14.
Bi Sidi SOULEMAN [alias: a) Sidiki b) «General» Sidiki c) Sidiki Abbas d) Souleymane Bi Sidi e) Bi Sidi Soulemane]
Designazione: Presidente e «generale» autoproclamato del gruppo Retour Réclamation et Réhabilitation (3R)
Data di nascita: 20 luglio 1962
Luogo di nascita: Bocaranga, Repubblica centrafricana
Cittadinanza: Repubblica centrafricana
Passaporto n.: Lasciapassare n.°235/MISPAT/DIRCAB/DGPC/DGAEI/SI/SP, rilasciato il 15 marzo 2019 (rilasciato dal ministro dell’interno della Repubblica centrafricana)
Indirizzo: Koui, prefettura di Ouham-Pendé, Repubblica centrafricana
Data della designazione ONU: 5 agosto 2020
Altre informazioni
Bi Sidi Souleman è a capo del gruppo di miliziani Retour, Réclamation, Réhabilitation (3R), con sede nella Repubblica centrafricana (CAR), che è responsabile dell’uccisione, della tortura, dello stupro e dello sfollamento di civili ed è coinvolto nel traffico di armi, in attività di tassazione illecita e di guerra con altre milizie dalla sua creazione nel 2015. Bi Sidi Souleman ha inoltre partecipato in prima persona ad atti di tortura. Il gruppo 3R ha firmato l’accordo politico per la pace e la riconciliazione nella Repubblica centrafricana il 6 febbraio 2019, ma ha perpetrato atti che violano l’accordo e resta una minaccia per la pace, la stabilità e la sicurezza della Repubblica centrafricana. Ad esempio, il 21 maggio 2019, il gruppo 3R ha ucciso 34 civili disarmati in tre villaggi, giustiziando sommariamente uomini adulti. Bi Sidi Souleman ha confermato apertamente a un’entità delle Nazioni Unite di aver ordinato a membri del gruppo 3R di recarsi ai villaggi alla data degli attacchi, ma non ha ammesso di aver dato loro l’ordine di uccidere. Nel dicembre 2020, dopo essere entrato a far parte di una coalizione di gruppi armati creata per perturbare il processo elettorale, Bi Sidi Souleman sarebbe stato ucciso durante i combattimenti.
Informazioni tratte dalla sintesi dei motivi dell’inserimento nell’elenco forniti dal comitato delle sanzioni
Bi Sidi Souleman è stato inserito nell’elenco il 5 agosto 2020 a norma del punto 20 e del punto 21, lettera b), della risoluzione 2399 (2018), quale prorogata dal punto 5 della risoluzione 2507 (2020), in quanto tra coloro che intraprendono o sostengono atti che minacciano la pace, la stabilità o la sicurezza della Repubblica centrafricana, compresi gli atti che minacciano o ostacolano il processo di stabilizzazione e riconciliazione o che alimentano la violenza, e sono coinvolti nel pianificare, dirigere o compiere atti, nella Repubblica centrafricana, che violano il diritto internazionale dei diritti umani o il diritto internazionale umanitario, a seconda dei casi, o che costituiscono abusi o violazioni dei diritti umani, compresi quelli che comportano attacchi alle popolazioni civili, di matrice etnica o religiosa, a beni di carattere civile, inclusi i centri amministrativi, i tribunali, le scuole e gli ospedali, e sequestri e trasferimenti forzati.
Informazioni supplementari
Presidente e «generale» autoproclamato del gruppo armato Retour Réclamation et Réhabilitation (3R), Bi Sidi Souleman ha perpetrato atti che minacciano la pace, la stabilità o la sicurezza della Repubblica centrafricana e, in particolare, minacciano l’attuazione dell’accordo politico per la pace e la riconciliazione nella Repubblica centrafricana firmato il 6 febbraio 2019 a Bangui.
Insieme a combattenti sotto il suo comando, ha commesso atti che costituiscono gravi violazioni del diritto internazionale dei diritti umani o del diritto internazionale umanitario. Il 21 maggio 2019 il gruppo 3R ha ucciso 34 civili disarmati in tre villaggi (Koundjili, Lemouna e Bohong), giustiziando sommariamente uomini adulti.
Sotto la sua guida, membri del gruppo 3R hanno commesso atti che comportano violenza sessuale e di genere. Nel settembre 2017, durante un attacco a Bocaranga, membri del gruppo 3R si sono resi responsabili dello stupro di varie donne e ragazze. Tra marzo e aprile 2020 membri del gruppo 3R sono stati implicati in sette casi di violenza sessuale in tre villaggi della prefettura di Ouham-Pendé.
Sotto la sua guida, il gruppo 3R ha continuato a ostacolare il ripristino dell’autorità statale nelle aree in cui opera, mantenendo sistemi di tassazione illecita, in particolare sulle attività di transumanza e sui viaggiatori, e ha partecipato allo sfruttamento illecito dell’oro nelle prefetture di Mambéré-Kadéï e Nana-Mambéré.
Nel 2019, sotto la sua guida, il gruppo 3R ha commesso le prime violazioni dell’accordo di pace. Bi Sidi Souleman ha inizialmente rifiutato di avviare il disarmo e la smobilitazione dei combattenti del gruppo 3R, che avrebbero dovuto partecipare alla prima unità speciale mista di sicurezza (USMS) nella parte occidentale della Repubblica centrafricana; il gruppo 3R ha inoltre continuato ad ampliare il proprio controllo sui territori (costringendo la MINUSCA ad avviare un’operazione nelle prefetture di Ouham-Pendé, Nana-Mambéré, e Mambéré-Kadéï nel settembre 2019), a dedicarsi al traffico di armi al fine di sviluppare le proprie capacità militari e a reclutare combattenti stranieri.
Nel 2020, sotto la sua guida, il gruppo 3R ha continuato a commettere violazioni dell’accordo di pace e ad ampliare il proprio controllo sui territori occidentali. Nel maggio 2020 membri del gruppo 3R hanno occupato la gendarmeria di Besson nella prefettura di Nana-Mambéré ed ex membri del gruppo hanno disertato dall’unità speciale mista di sicurezza (USMS) di Bouar. Il 5 giugno 2020 Bi Sidi Souleman ha annunciato che il gruppo 3R avrebbe sospeso la propria partecipazione ai meccanismi di follow-up dell’accordo fino a nuova comunicazione. Il 9 giugno 2020 presunti membri del gruppo 3R hanno attaccato il campo di addestramento dell’USMS a Bouar nonché un posto di controllo congiunto MINUSCA-forze nazionali a Pougol. Il 21 giugno 2020 membri del gruppo 3R hanno attaccato una pattuglia congiunta MINUSCA-forze nazionali vicino a Besson, causando la morte di tre soldati della Repubblica centrafricana.
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B. Entità
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2.
ESERCITO DI RESISTENZA DEL SIGNORE [alias: a) LRA b) Lord's Resistance Movement (LRM) c) Lord's Resistance Movement/Army (LRM/A)]
Indirizzo: a) Vakaga, Repubblica centrafricana; b) Haute-Kotto, Repubblica centrafricana; c) Basse-Kotto, Repubblica centrafricana; d) Haut-Mbomou, Repubblica centrafricana; e) Mbomou, Repubblica centrafricana; f) Haut-Uolo, Repubblica democratica del Congo; g) Bas-Uolo, Repubblica democratica del Congo; h) (indirizzo dichiarato: Kafia Kingi (un territorio ai confini fra il Sudan e il Sud Sudan il cui status definitivo deve ancora essere determinato). Dal gennaio 2015, 500 elementi dell'Esercito di resistenza del Signore sarebbero stati espulsi dal Sudan.
Data della designazione ONU: 7 marzo 2016
Altre informazioni:
Emerso nell'Uganda settentrionale negli anni 1980. Si è reso responsabile del sequestro, dell'uccisione e della mutilazione di migliaia di civili in Africa centrale, fra cui centinaia nella Repubblica centrafricana. Il suo leader è Joseph Kony. Link all'avviso speciale INTERPOL-Consiglio di sicurezza dell'ONU: https://www.interpol.int/en/notice/search/une/5932344
Informazioni tratte dalla sintesi dei motivi dell'inserimento nell'elenco forniti dal comitato delle sanzioni:
L'Esercito di resistenza del Signore è stato inserito nell'elenco il 7 marzo 2016 ai sensi del punto 12 e del punto 13, lettere b), c) e d) della risoluzione 2262 (2016) in quanto entità tra quelle che «intraprendono o sostengono atti che minacciano la pace, la stabilità o la sicurezza della Repubblica centrafricana;», che sono «implicate nel pianificare, dirigere o compiere atti che violano il diritto internazionale dei diritti umani o il diritto internazionale umanitario applicabili, o che costituiscono abusi o violazioni dei diritti umani, nella Repubblica centrafricana, compresi atti che comportano violenza sessuale, attacchi alla popolazione civile, attacchi di matrice etnica o religiosa, attacchi a scuole e ospedali e sequestri e trasferimenti forzati;» in quanto tra quelle che «reclutano o impiegano bambini nei conflitti armati nella Rca, in violazione del diritto internazionale applicabile;» e tra quelle che «forniscono sostegno a gruppi armati o a reti criminali mediante l'illecito sfruttamento o commercio di risorse naturali, ivi compresi diamanti, oro e prodotti della fauna selvatica, nella Rca o dalla Rca.»
Informazioni supplementari:
Emerso nell'Uganda settentrionale negli anni 1980, l'LRA si è reso responsabile del sequestro, dell'uccisione e della mutilazione di migliaia di civili in tutta l'Africa centrale. Sottoposto a crescente pressione militare, Joseph Kony, il leader dell'LRA, ha ordinato all'LRA di ritirarsi dall'Uganda nel 2005 e nel 2006. Da allora l'LRA opera nella Repubblica democratica del Congo (RDC), nella Repubblica centrafricana, nel Sud Sudan e, stando a quanto riportato, in Sudan.
Dal dicembre 2013 l'LRA si è reso responsabile del sequestro, dello sfollamento, di violenze sessuali e dell'uccisione di centinaia di persone in tutta la Repubblica centrafricana, nonché del saccheggio e della distruzione di proprietà private. Concentrato nella Repubblica centrafricana orientale, e, a quanto riferito, nel Kafia Kingi, territorio ai confini fra il Sudan e il Sud Sudan il cui status definitivo deve ancora essere determinato ma che è militarmente controllato dal Sudan, l'LRA effettua incursioni nei villaggi per razziare cibo e provviste. I combattenti dell'LRA tendono agguati alle forze di sicurezza che reagiscono agli attacchi e le derubano degli equipaggiamenti; ma saccheggiano anche villaggi in cui non c'è una presenza militare. L'LRA ha inoltre intensificato gli attacchi contro i siti di estrazione di diamanti e oro.
Cellule dell'LRA sono spesso accompagnate da prigionieri che sono obbligati a lavorare come portatori, cuochi e schiavi sessuali. L'LRA è responsabile di violenze di genere, compresi stupri di donne e ragazze.
Nel dicembre 2013 l'LRA ha sequestrato decine di persone nell'Haute-Kotto. L'LRA sarebbe coinvolto nel sequestro di centinaia di civili nella Repubblica centrafricana dall'inizio del 2014.
Combattenti dell'LRA hanno attaccato Obo, nella prefettura di Haut-Mbomou nella Repubblica centrafricana, in varie occasioni all'inizio del 2014.
L'LRA ha continuato a perpetrare attacchi a Obo e in altre località della Repubblica centrafricana sudorientale fra maggio e giugno 2014, compresi attacchi e sequestri apparentemente coordinati nella prefettura di Mbomou all'inizio di giugno.
Almeno dal 2014 l'LRA è coinvolto nel bracconaggio e nel traffico di elefanti per generare entrate. L'LRA sarebbe responsabile del traffico di avorio dal Parco nazionale di Garamba, nella RDC settentrionale, al Darfur, al fine di scambiarlo con armi e forniture. L'LRA trasporterebbe le zanne di elefante attraverso la Repubblica centrafricana nel Darfur, Sudan, per venderle. Dall'inizio del 2014, inoltre, Kony avrebbe ordinato ai combattenti dell'LRA di sottrarre diamanti e oro ai minatori nella Repubblica centrafricana orientale per trasportarli in Sudan. Dal gennaio 2015, 500 elementi dell'Esercito di resistenza del Signore sarebbero stati espulsi dal Sudan.
All'inizio di febbraio 2015, combattenti dell'LRA provvisti di armi pesanti hanno sequestrato civili a Kpangbayanga, Haut-Mbomou, e sottratto prodotti alimentari.
Il 20 aprile 2015 un attacco dell'LRA e il sequestro di bambini a Ndambissoua, Repubblica centrafricana sudorientale, ha causato la fuga della maggior parte degli abitanti del villaggio. Inoltre, all'inizio del luglio 2015 l'LRA ha attaccato vari villaggi nella prefettura di Haute-Kotto meridionale; tali attacchi hanno comportato saccheggi, violenze contro civili, incendi di case e sequestri.
Dal gennaio 2016 gli attacchi imputati all'LRA si sono moltiplicati in Mbomou, Haut-Mbomou e Haute-Kotto, colpendo in particolare le aree minerarie dell'Haute-Kotto. Tali attacchi hanno comportato saccheggi, violenze contro civili, distruzione di proprietà e sequestri, nonché sfollamenti della popolazione, fra cui circa 700 persone che hanno cercato rifugio a Bria.
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ALLEGATO II
Siti internet contenenti informazioni sulle autorità competenti e indirizzo per le notifiche alla commissione europea
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BELGIO
https://diplomatie.belgium.be/nl/Beleid/beleidsthemas/vrede_en_veiligheid/sancties
https://diplomatie.belgium.be/fr/politique/themes_politiques/paix_et_securite/sanctions
https://diplomatie.belgium.be/en/policy/policy_areas/peace_and_security/sanctions
BULGARIA
https://www.mfa.bg/en/101
REPUBBLICA CECA
www.financnianalytickyurad.cz/mezinarodni-sankce.html
DANIMARCA
http://um.dk/da/Udenrigspolitik/folkeretten/sanktioner/
GERMANIA
http://www.bmwi.de/DE/Themen/Aussenwirtschaft/aussenwirtschaftsrecht,did=404888.html
ESTONIA
http://www.vm.ee/est/kat_622/
IRLANDA
http://www.dfa.ie/home/index.aspx?id=28519
GRECIA
http://www.mfa.gr/en/foreign-policy/global-issues/international-sanctions.html
SPAGNA
http://www.exteriores.gob.es/Portal/en/PoliticaExteriorCooperacion/GlobalizacionOportunidadesRiesgos/Paginas/SancionesInternacionales.aspx
FRANCIA
http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/autorites-sanctions/
CROAZIA
http://www.mvep.hr/sankcije
ITALIA
https://www.esteri.it/mae/it/politica_estera/politica_europea/misure_deroghe
CIPRO
http://www.mfa.gov.cy/mfa/mfa2016.nsf/mfa35_en/mfa35_en?OpenDocument
LETTONIA
http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/security/4539
LITUANIA
http://www.urm.lt/sanctions
LUSSEMBURGO
https://maee.gouvernement.lu/fr/directions-du-ministere/affaires-europeennes/mesures-restrictives.html
UNGHERIA
http://www.kormany.hu/download/9/2a/f0000/EU%20szankci%C3%B3s%20t%C3%A1j%C3%A9koztat%C3%B3_20170214_final.pdf
MALTA
https://foreignaffairs.gov.mt/en/Government/SMB/Pages/Sanctions-Monitoring-Board.aspx
PAESI BASSI
https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/onderwerpen/internationale-sancties
AUSTRIA
http://www.bmeia.gv.at/view.php3?f_id=12750&LNG=en&version=
POLONIA
https://www.gov.pl/web/dyplomacja
PORTOGALLO
http://www.portugal.gov.pt/pt/ministerios/mne/quero-saber-mais/sobre-o-ministerio/medidas-restritivas/medidas-restritivas.aspx
ROMANIA
http://www.mae.ro/node/1548
SLOVENIA
http://www.mzz.gov.si/si/omejevalni_ukrepi
SLOVACCHIA
https://www.mzv.sk/europske_zalezitosti/europske_politiky-sankcie_eu
FINLANDIA
http://formin.finland.fi/kvyhteistyo/pakotteet
SVEZIA
http://www.ud.se/sanktioner
REGNO UNITO
https://www.gov.uk/sanctions-embargoes-and-restrictions
Indirizzo per le notifiche alla Commissione europea:
Commissione europea
Servizio degli strumenti di politica estera (FPI)
EEAS 07/99
1049 Bruxelles, Belgio
E-mail: [email protected]
(
1
) GU C 69 del 18.3.2010, pag. 19.
| 43,043 |
<urn:uuid:6eb2e3dc-1c0c-47f4-8eae-9315498982ac> | French Open Data | Open Government | Various open data | 2,023 | https://www.banque-france.fr/system/files/2023-02/sgfip_ppa_fnci_chiffres_cles_2020.pdf | banque-france.fr | French | Spoken | 51 | 78 | Situation au 31 décembre 2020 2020
● Informations inscrites 86 343 122
dont comptes clos 72 573 689
dont comptes en interdiction judiciaire d’émettre des chèques 7 448
dont comptes en interdiction bancaire d’émettre des chèques 5 676 212
dont oppositions sur chèques 8 085 773
● Droits d’accès 1 535 | 33,758 |
https://github.com/zuleyhamuzennet/springboot-thymleaf-blog-app/blob/master/src/main/java/com/zuleyha/repository/PostRepository.java | Github Open Source | Open Source | Apache-2.0 | null | springboot-thymleaf-blog-app | zuleyhamuzennet | Java | Code | 36 | 180 | package com.zuleyha.repository;
import com.zuleyha.model.Post;
import com.zuleyha.model.User;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import java.util.Optional;
public interface PostRepository extends JpaRepository<Post, Long> {
Page<Post> findByUserOrderByCreateDateDesc(User user, Pageable pageable);
Page<Post> findAllByOrderByCreateDateDesc(Pageable pageable);
Optional<Post> findById(Long id);
Optional<Post> findByTitle(String title);
}
| 17,097 |
https://github.com/appdecentral/replicatingtypes/blob/master/Sources/ReplicatingTypes/ReplicatingDictionary.swift | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | 2,022 | replicatingtypes | appdecentral | Swift | Code | 485 | 1,329 | //
// ReplicatingDictionary.swift
//
//
// Created by Drew McCormack on 01/05/2020.
//
import Foundation
/// A replicating dictionary.
public struct ReplicatingDictionary<Key, Value> where Key: Hashable {
fileprivate struct ValueContainer {
var isDeleted: Bool
var lamportTimestamp: LamportTimestamp
var value: Value
init(value: Value, lamportTimestamp: LamportTimestamp) {
self.isDeleted = false
self.lamportTimestamp = lamportTimestamp
self.value = value
}
}
private var valueContainersByKey: Dictionary<Key, ValueContainer>
private var currentTimestamp: LamportTimestamp
private var existingKeyValuePairs: [(key: Key, value: ValueContainer)] {
valueContainersByKey.filter({ !$0.value.isDeleted })
}
public var values: [Value] {
let values = existingKeyValuePairs.map({ $0.value.value })
return values
}
public var keys: [Key] {
let keys = existingKeyValuePairs.map({ $0.key })
return keys
}
public var dictionary: [Key : Value] {
existingKeyValuePairs.reduce(into: [:]) { result, pair in
result[pair.key] = pair.value.value
}
}
public var count: Int {
valueContainersByKey.reduce(0) { result, pair in
result + (pair.value.isDeleted ? 0 : 1)
}
}
public init() {
self.valueContainersByKey = .init()
self.currentTimestamp = .init()
}
public subscript(key: Key) -> Value? {
get {
guard let container = valueContainersByKey[key], !container.isDeleted else { return nil }
return container.value
}
set(newValue) {
currentTimestamp.tick()
if let newValue = newValue {
let container = ValueContainer(value: newValue, lamportTimestamp: currentTimestamp)
valueContainersByKey[key] = container
} else if let oldContainer = valueContainersByKey[key] {
var newContainer = ValueContainer(value: oldContainer.value, lamportTimestamp: currentTimestamp)
newContainer.isDeleted = true
valueContainersByKey[key] = newContainer
}
}
}
}
extension ReplicatingDictionary: Replicable {
public func merged(with other: ReplicatingDictionary) -> ReplicatingDictionary {
var result = self
result.valueContainersByKey = other.valueContainersByKey.reduce(into: valueContainersByKey) { result, entry in
let firstValueContainer = result[entry.key]
let secondValueContainer = entry.value
if let firstValueContainer = firstValueContainer {
result[entry.key] = firstValueContainer.lamportTimestamp > secondValueContainer.lamportTimestamp ? firstValueContainer : secondValueContainer
} else {
result[entry.key] = secondValueContainer
}
}
result.currentTimestamp = max(self.currentTimestamp, other.currentTimestamp)
return result
}
}
extension ReplicatingDictionary where Value: Replicable {
/// If the values are themselves Replicable, we don't have to merge values atomically.
/// Instead of just choosing one value or the other, we can merge the values themselves. This merge
/// method does exactly that.
public func merged(with other: ReplicatingDictionary) -> ReplicatingDictionary {
var haveTicked = false
var resultDictionary = self
resultDictionary.currentTimestamp = max(self.currentTimestamp, other.currentTimestamp)
resultDictionary.valueContainersByKey = other.valueContainersByKey.reduce(into: valueContainersByKey) { result, entry in
let first = result[entry.key]
let second = entry.value
if let first = first {
if !first.isDeleted, !second.isDeleted {
// Merge the values
if !haveTicked {
resultDictionary.currentTimestamp.tick()
haveTicked = true
}
let newValue = first.value.merged(with: second.value)
let newValueContainer = ValueContainer(value: newValue, lamportTimestamp: resultDictionary.currentTimestamp)
result[entry.key] = newValueContainer
} else {
// At least one deletion, so just revert to atomic merge
result[entry.key] = first.lamportTimestamp > second.lamportTimestamp ? first : second
}
} else {
result[entry.key] = second
}
}
return resultDictionary
}
}
extension ReplicatingDictionary: Codable where Value: Codable, Key: Codable {
}
extension ReplicatingDictionary.ValueContainer: Codable where Value: Codable, Key: Codable {
}
extension ReplicatingDictionary: Equatable where Value: Equatable {
}
extension ReplicatingDictionary.ValueContainer: Equatable where Value: Equatable {
}
extension ReplicatingDictionary: Hashable where Value: Hashable {
}
extension ReplicatingDictionary.ValueContainer: Hashable where Value: Hashable {
}
| 8,258 |
https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/2168309 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,017 | Stack Exchange | Ryan Goulden, S.C.B., StackTD, Zelos Malum, https://math.stackexchange.com/users/159845, https://math.stackexchange.com/users/197853, https://math.stackexchange.com/users/265767, https://math.stackexchange.com/users/285091, https://math.stackexchange.com/users/310930, https://math.stackexchange.com/users/398056, shredalert, skyking | English | Spoken | 377 | 823 | $Sin(nx)$ always 1?
It may seem naive, but, is there any value for $x$ in $$\sin(nx)$$ such that for any natural $n$, $\sin(nx)$ = $1$?
I've tried quite a few values, and I seem to fail at avoiding it going to zero.
Or even to make it alternate between $-1$ and $1$
Surely it must be possible to do so?
Look at the graph.
What make you so "sure" it must be possible to do so? Surely you must have noted how for every such attempt either $\sin(x)\ne\pm1$ or $\sin(2x)=0$
$$\sin nx=1\iff nx=\frac\pi2+2k\pi.$$
This is impossible, as $n=1$ says
$$x=\frac\pi2+2k\pi,$$ and with $n=2$,
$$x=\frac\pi4+k'\pi.$$
Together,
$$\frac12+2k=\frac14+k'\ !$$
Why $k'$ factorial? :)
@S.C.B.: haha...
No, it is not possible for $\sin nx=0$ for all $n$.
If $\sin x=1$, from $\cos^2 x=1-\sin^2 x=0$, we know that $\cos x=0$ if $\sin x=1$. But since $$\sin 2x=2 \sin x \cos x=2 \times 1 \times 0$$
Hence, $\sin 2x=0$ if $\sin x=1$, and since if fails at the natural $2$, what you're trying is impossible.
Note that this argument works even if we allow $x$ to have complex value. Even in the complex case we have $\cos^2 z = 1-\sin^2 z$ and $\sin 2z = 2\sin z\cos z$ so if $\sin z=\pm 1$ we must have $\sin 2z=0$.
Is there any value for $x$ in $$\sin(nx)$$ such that for any natural $n$, $\sin(nx)$ = $1$?
I'm assuming $\mathbb{N}$ to include $0$, then no: because for any $x$, you will always have
$$\sin(0x) = \sin 0 = 0 \quad \mbox{for} \quad n=0$$
You can achieve what you're looking for (a 'suitable' $x$) if you allow something of the form:
$$\sin\left( \tfrac{\pi}{2} + nx\right)$$
Addition after comment, since you seem to exclude $0$.
If you want $\sin(nx)=1$ for all $n$, taking $n=1$ implies that $x$ has to be of the form $\tfrac{\pi}{2}+2k\pi$ with $k \in \mathbb{Z}$. But taking $n=2$ implies $x$ has to be of the form $\tfrac{\pi}{4}+k\pi$ and no $x$ can be of both forms.
It says natural $n$. I don't think $0$ is a natural.
$n$ being in the naturals. I'm avoiding $n=0$
$0$ is a natural and not a natural
@S.C.B. I assumed 'naturals' to include $0$ but your comment reminded me that this is not universal; I'll add this caveat.
| 22,900 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3284058 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,010 | Stack Exchange | Abramodj, ComicCaper, Jonathan Moody, NIRAN BARO, chwii, https://stackoverflow.com/users/396133, https://stackoverflow.com/users/6819067, https://stackoverflow.com/users/6819068, https://stackoverflow.com/users/6819069, https://stackoverflow.com/users/6819219, https://stackoverflow.com/users/6819868, Эльнар Берхеев | English | Spoken | 377 | 597 | Create a new class and load some copies of it into the view
Ok, i made a small application with a small ball bouncing on the screen. That was esay.
Now i'd like to have more than one ball... so i think the best way is to create a new class : the ball.
How can i do it?
Thanks!
encapsulate the information about the ball from your first app into variables, and create methods for any actions you think the ball performs. This sounds a lot like an object-oriented design problem..perhaps you should take a look at an Object Oriented Programming guide, such as this one OOP Guide
but if you are asking how to create a custom object class..
put this in your Ball.h:
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface Ball : NSObject {
IBOutlet UIButton *button; //sample instance variable
}
@property (retain) UIButton *button;
@end
then in your .m file:
#import "Ball.h"
@implementation Ball
@synthesize button;
-(void)dealloc
{
[button release];
[super dealloc];
}
@end
Hi Jesse, thank you very much for your answer.
I'll try to be more precise about my problem:
This "ball" should be associated to an image of a ball. I made this in Interface Builder, doing like this:
Loaded a png file in Xcode
Created an IBOutlet UIImageView named "ball"
In Interface Builder, I have added a UIImageView on the main view and linked it to "ball".
Added some methods
*Everything working fine.
But now, with the class, how can I do the same things?
I'd like to pick my png image and associate it to every instance of Ball, and have it on my view.
Thanks!
thank you very much for your answer. I'll try to be more precise about my problem: This "ball" should be associated to an image of a ball. I made this in Interface Builder, doing like this:
Loaded a png file in Xcode * Created an IBOutlet UIImageView named "ball"
In Interface Builder, I have added a UIImageView on the main view and linked it to "ball".
Added some methods
Everything working fine.
But now, with the class, how can I do the same things? I'd like to pick my png image and associate it to every instance of Ball, and have it on my view. Thanks!
| 32,573 |
2016/32016R0781/32016R0781_ES.txt_1 | Eurlex | Open Government | CC-By | 2,016 | None | None | Spanish | Spoken | 576 | 1,294 | L_2016131ES.01006101.xml
20.5.2016
ES
Diario Oficial de la Unión Europea
L 131/61
REGLAMENTO DE EJECUCIÓN (UE) 2016/781 DE LA COMISIÓN
de 19 de mayo de 2016
por el que se establecen valores de importación a tanto alzado para la determinación del precio de entrada de determinadas frutas y hortalizas
LA COMISIÓN EUROPEA,
Visto el Tratado de Funcionamiento de la Unión Europea,
Visto el Reglamento (UE) n.o 1308/2013 del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 17 de diciembre de 2013, por el que se crea la organización común de mercados de los productos agrarios y por el que se derogan los Reglamentos (CEE) n.o 922/72, (CEE) n.o 234/79, (CE) n.o 1037/2001 y (CE) n.o 1234/2007 (1),
Visto el Reglamento de Ejecución (UE) n.o 543/2011 de la Comisión, de 7 de junio de 2011, por el que se establecen disposiciones de aplicación del Reglamento (CE) n.o 1234/2007 del Consejo en los sectores de las frutas y hortalizas y de las frutas y hortalizas transformadas (2), y, en particular, su artículo 136, apartado 1,
Considerando lo siguiente:
(1)
El Reglamento de Ejecución (UE) n.o 543/2011 establece, en aplicación de los resultados de las negociaciones comerciales multilaterales de la Ronda Uruguay, los criterios para que la Comisión fije los valores de importación a tanto alzado de terceros países correspondientes a los productos y períodos que figuran en el anexo XVI, parte A, de dicho Reglamento.
(2)
De acuerdo con el artículo 136, apartado 1, del Reglamento de Ejecución (UE) n.o 543/2011, el valor de importación a tanto alzado se calcula cada día hábil teniendo en cuenta datos que varían diariamente. Por lo tanto, el presente Reglamento debe entrar en vigor el día de su publicación en el Diario Oficial de la Unión Europea.
HA ADOPTADO EL PRESENTE REGLAMENTO:
Artículo 1
En el anexo del presente Reglamento quedan fijados los valores de importación a tanto alzado a que se refiere el artículo 136 del Reglamento de Ejecución (UE) n.o 543/2011.
Artículo 2
El presente Reglamento entrará en vigor el día de su publicación en el Diario Oficial de la Unión Europea.
El presente Reglamento será obligatorio en todos sus elementos y directamente aplicable en cada Estado miembro.
Hecho en Bruselas, el 19 de mayo de 2016.
Por la Comisión,
en nombre del Presidente,
Jerzy PLEWA
Director General de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural
(1) DO L 347 de 20.12.2013, p. 671.
(2) DO L 157 de 15.6.2011, p. 1.
ANEXO
Valores de importación a tanto alzado para la determinación del precio de entrada de determinadas frutas y hortalizas
(EUR/100 kg)
Código NC
Código tercer país (1)
Valor de importación a tanto alzado
0702 00 00
MA
95,8
TR
63,7
ZZ
79,8
0707 00 05
TR
105,8
ZZ
105,8
0709 93 10
TR
110,2
ZZ
110,2
0805 10 20
EG
40,9
IL
62,6
MA
56,8
TR
41,8
ZA
80,4
ZZ
56,5
0805 50 10
AR
177,5
TR
111,0
ZA
185,1
ZZ
157,9
0808 10 80
AR
111,7
BR
101,9
CL
121,8
CN
79,2
NZ
154,6
US
196,9
ZA
108,7
ZZ
125,0
(1) Nomenclatura de países fijada por el Reglamento (UE) n.o 1106/2012 de la Comisión, de 27 de noviembre de 2012, por el que se aplica el Reglamento (CE) n.o 471/2009 del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, sobre estadísticas comunitarias relativas al comercio exterior con terceros países, en lo que concierne a la actualización de la nomenclatura de países y territorios (DO L 328 de 28.11.2012, p. 7). El código «ZZ» significa «otros orígenes».
| 47,854 |
https://github.com/gonzapala/CPI/blob/master/CPI/src/vistas/Listar_Registros.java | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | 2,016 | CPI | gonzapala | Java | Code | 373 | 1,734 | /*
* To change this license header, choose License Headers in Project Properties.
* To change this template file, choose Tools | Templates
* and open the template in the editor.
*/
package vistas;
import Datos.Registro;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
import javax.swing.table.DefaultTableModel;
import org.jdesktop.swingx.JXTable;
/**
*
* @author Gonzalo
*/
public class Listar_Registros extends javax.swing.JInternalFrame {
/**
* Creates new form registros
*/
public Listar_Registros() {
initComponents();
}
Registro modelo = new Registro();
/**
* This method is called from within the constructor to initialize the form.
* WARNING: Do NOT modify this code. The content of this method is always
* regenerated by the Form Editor.
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
// <editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc="Generated Code">//GEN-BEGIN:initComponents
private void initComponents() {
jScrollPane1 = new javax.swing.JScrollPane();
Tabla_registros = new org.jdesktop.swingx.JXTable();
btnListar = new javax.swing.JButton();
jLabel1 = new javax.swing.JLabel();
setClosable(true);
Tabla_registros.setModel(new javax.swing.table.DefaultTableModel(
new Object [][] {
{null, null, null, null},
{null, null, null, null},
{null, null, null, null},
{null, null, null, null},
{null, null, null, null}
},
new String [] {
"Legajo", "Apellido", "Nombre", "DNI"
}
) {
Class[] types = new Class [] {
java.lang.String.class, java.lang.String.class, java.lang.String.class, java.lang.Integer.class
};
public Class getColumnClass(int columnIndex) {
return types [columnIndex];
}
});
Tabla_registros.addMouseListener(new java.awt.event.MouseAdapter() {
public void mouseClicked(java.awt.event.MouseEvent evt) {
Tabla_registrosMouseClicked(evt);
}
public void mouseExited(java.awt.event.MouseEvent evt) {
Tabla_registrosMouseExited(evt);
}
});
jScrollPane1.setViewportView(Tabla_registros);
btnListar.setIcon(new javax.swing.ImageIcon(getClass().getResource("/images/checklist.png"))); // NOI18N
btnListar.setText("Listar");
btnListar.addActionListener(new java.awt.event.ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
btnListarActionPerformed(evt);
}
});
jLabel1.setText("Registro de Actividad");
javax.swing.GroupLayout layout = new javax.swing.GroupLayout(getContentPane());
getContentPane().setLayout(layout);
layout.setHorizontalGroup(
layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
.addGroup(layout.createSequentialGroup()
.addContainerGap()
.addGroup(layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
.addComponent(jLabel1)
.addComponent(btnListar)
.addComponent(jScrollPane1, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 572, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE))
.addContainerGap(19, Short.MAX_VALUE))
);
layout.setVerticalGroup(
layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
.addGroup(layout.createSequentialGroup()
.addGap(18, 18, 18)
.addComponent(jLabel1)
.addGap(18, 18, 18)
.addComponent(btnListar)
.addGap(18, 18, 18)
.addComponent(jScrollPane1, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 157, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addContainerGap(118, Short.MAX_VALUE))
);
pack();
}// </editor-fold>//GEN-END:initComponents
private void Tabla_registrosMouseClicked(java.awt.event.MouseEvent evt) {//GEN-FIRST:event_Tabla_registrosMouseClicked
}//GEN-LAST:event_Tabla_registrosMouseClicked
private void Tabla_registrosMouseExited(java.awt.event.MouseEvent evt) {//GEN-FIRST:event_Tabla_registrosMouseExited
}//GEN-LAST:event_Tabla_registrosMouseExited
private void btnListarActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {//GEN-FIRST:event_btnListarActionPerformed
try {
// TODO add your handling code here:
LlenarTabla(Tabla_registros);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
Logger.getLogger(Gestionar_Resoluciones.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
}
}//GEN-LAST:event_btnListarActionPerformed
public void LlenarTabla(JXTable tabla) throws ClassNotFoundException{
DefaultTableModel modeloT = new DefaultTableModel();
tabla.setModel(modeloT);
modeloT.addColumn("Usuario");
modeloT.addColumn("Fecha");
modeloT.addColumn("Descripcion");
Object[] columna = new Object[3];
int numeroRegistros= modelo.listar().size();
for ( int i=0; i<numeroRegistros;i++){
columna[0]=modelo.listar().get(i).getId_usuario();
columna[1]=modelo.listar().get(i).getFecha();
columna[2]=modelo.listar().get(i).getDescripcion();
modeloT.addRow(columna);
}
}//FIn-LlenarTabla
// Variables declaration - do not modify//GEN-BEGIN:variables
public org.jdesktop.swingx.JXTable Tabla_registros;
public javax.swing.JButton btnListar;
private javax.swing.JLabel jLabel1;
public javax.swing.JScrollPane jScrollPane1;
// End of variables declaration//GEN-END:variables
}
| 48,792 |
https://github.com/jmah/OsiriX-Quad-Buffered-Stereo/blob/master/VTKHeaders/vtkUnstructuredGridToUnstructuredGridFilter.h | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT, Unlicense | 2,017 | OsiriX-Quad-Buffered-Stereo | jmah | C | Code | 127 | 449 | /*=========================================================================
Program: Visualization Toolkit
Module: $RCSfile: vtkUnstructuredGridToUnstructuredGridFilter.h,v $
Copyright (c) Ken Martin, Will Schroeder, Bill Lorensen
All rights reserved.
See Copyright.txt or http://www.kitware.com/Copyright.htm for details.
This software is distributed WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even
the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE. See the above copyright notice for more information.
=========================================================================*/
// .NAME vtkUnstructuredGridToUnstructuredGridFilter - abstract filter class
// .SECTION Description
// .SECTION See Also
// vtkExtractGrid
#ifndef __vtkUnstructuredGridToUnstructuredGridFilter_h
#define __vtkUnstructuredGridToUnstructuredGridFilter_h
#include "vtkUnstructuredGridSource.h"
class VTK_FILTERING_EXPORT vtkUnstructuredGridToUnstructuredGridFilter : public vtkUnstructuredGridSource
{
public:
vtkTypeRevisionMacro(vtkUnstructuredGridToUnstructuredGridFilter,vtkUnstructuredGridSource);
void PrintSelf(ostream& os, vtkIndent indent);
// Description:
// Set / get the input Grid or filter.
void SetInput(vtkUnstructuredGrid *input);
vtkUnstructuredGrid *GetInput();
virtual int FillInputPortInformation(int, vtkInformation*);
protected:
vtkUnstructuredGridToUnstructuredGridFilter();
~vtkUnstructuredGridToUnstructuredGridFilter();
private:
vtkUnstructuredGridToUnstructuredGridFilter(const vtkUnstructuredGridToUnstructuredGridFilter&); // Not implemented.
void operator=(const vtkUnstructuredGridToUnstructuredGridFilter&); // Not implemented.
};
#endif
| 36,731 |
https://github.com/XaviMontero/Sistema-Trabajdores/blob/master/src/model/FacturaDetalle.java | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | null | Sistema-Trabajdores | XaviMontero | Java | Code | 158 | 604 | package model;
import javax.persistence.*;
@Entity
@Table
public class FacturaDetalle {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
@Column
private int idFacturaDetall;
@ManyToOne(cascade = {CascadeType.PERSIST, CascadeType.MERGE,
CascadeType.DETACH, CascadeType.REFRESH})
@JoinColumn(name = "codigoTra")
private Producto producto;
@ManyToOne(cascade = {CascadeType.PERSIST, CascadeType.MERGE,
CascadeType.DETACH, CascadeType.REFRESH})
@JoinColumn(name = "idFactura")
private FacturaCabecera facturaCabecera;
@Column
private int cantidad;
@Column
private double total;
public FacturaDetalle() {
}
public FacturaDetalle(Producto producto, FacturaCabecera facturaCabecera, int cantidad, double total) {
this.producto = producto;
this.facturaCabecera = facturaCabecera;
this.cantidad = cantidad;
this.total = total;
}
public int getIdFacturaDetall() {
return idFacturaDetall;
}
public void setIdFacturaDetall(int idFacturaDetall) {
this.idFacturaDetall = idFacturaDetall;
}
public Producto getProducto() {
return producto;
}
public void setProducto(Producto producto) {
this.producto = producto;
}
public FacturaCabecera getFacturaCabecera() {
return facturaCabecera;
}
public void setFacturaCabecera(FacturaCabecera facturaCabecera) {
this.facturaCabecera = facturaCabecera;
}
public int getCantidad() {
return cantidad;
}
public void setCantidad(int cantidad) {
this.cantidad = cantidad;
}
public double getTotal() {
return total;
}
public void setTotal(double total) {
this.total = total;
}
}
| 38,708 |
https://openalex.org/W2338957345 | OpenAlex | Open Science | CC-By | 2,015 | Adaptabilidade e estabilidade e a produtividade de grãos em cultivares de feijão preto recomendadas no Brasil nas últimas cinco décadas | Leiri Daiane Barili | Portuguese | Spoken | 5,201 | 12,241 | Ciência Rural, v.45, n.11, nov, 2015.
Recebido 15.09.14 Aprovado 13.03.15 Devolvido pelo autor 01.07.15
CR-2014-1383.R1
IPrograma de Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento (PPGGM), Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, Brasil.
IICurso de Agronomia, UFV, Viçosa, MG, Brasil.
IIIDepartamento de Fitotecnia, UFV, Viçosa, MG, Brasil.
IVDepartamento de Zootecnia, UFV, Av. P.H. Rolfs, 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]. Autor para
correspondência.
VDepartamento de Biologia, UFV, Viçosa, MG, Brasil. RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar os parâmetros de
adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípica e avaliar o incremento na
produtividade de grãos em genótipos de feijão preto, desenvolvidos
pelos programas brasileiros de melhoramento genético entre
os anos de 1960 a 2013. Os experimentos foram realizados
considerando 38 cultivares e duas linhagens em quatro ambientes
(Coimbra e Viçosa nas safras da seca e de inverno de 2013), usando
um delineamento em blocos casualizados com três repetições. Os
resultados evidenciaram incremento efetivo na produtividade de
grãos, proporcionado pela recomendação de novas cultivares
pelos programas de melhoramento de feijão do Brasil nas últimas
cinco décadas. Além disso, a análise da interação GxA indicou
que as cultivares recomendadas após o ano de 2005 foram as que
apresentaram conjuntamente altas produtividades de grãos, ampla
adaptabilidade e alta previsibilidade de comportamento. Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris L., breeding, GxE, increase in
productivity. Palavras-chave: Phaseolus vulgaris L., melhoramento genético,
interação GxA, incremento na produtividade. Palavras-chave: Phaseolus vulgaris L., melhoramento genético,
interação GxA, incremento na produtividade. Leiri Daiane BariliI Naine Martins do ValeI Rodolfo de Castro AmaralII
José Eustáquio de Souza CarneiroIII Fabyano Fonseca e SilvaIV
Pedro Crescêncio Souza CarneiroV 2005 were those with high average grain yield, wide adaptability
and high predictability. INTRODUÇÃO O feijão é uma cultura de grande
importância socioeconômica para o Brasil e, na safra
2012/2013, alcançou uma produção de 2,8 milhões
de toneladas (CONAB, 2013). É cultivado em quase
todos os Estados brasileiros, em diferentes sistemas de
cultivo e épocas de semeadura, submetendo a cultura
a diversas condições ambientais (PEREIRA et al.,
2009). O feijão preto ocupa o segundo lugar no tipo de
grão mais cultivado no país, sendo muito consumido
nos Estados do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Sudeste de Minas
Gerais e Sul do Espírito Santo (VIEIRA, 2005). O feijão é uma cultura de grande
importância socioeconômica para o Brasil e, na safra
2012/2013, alcançou uma produção de 2,8 milhões
de toneladas (CONAB, 2013). É cultivado em quase
todos os Estados brasileiros, em diferentes sistemas de
cultivo e épocas de semeadura, submetendo a cultura
a diversas condições ambientais (PEREIRA et al.,
2009). O feijão preto ocupa o segundo lugar no tipo de
grão mais cultivado no país, sendo muito consumido
nos Estados do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Sudeste de Minas
Gerais e Sul do Espírito Santo (VIEIRA, 2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20141383
FITOTECNIA http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20141383
FITOTECNIA http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20141383
FITOTECNIA 1980
ISSN 0103 8478
Ciência Rural, Santa Maria, v.45, n.11, p.1980-1986, nov, 2015 1980
ISSN 0103-8478
Ciência Rural, Santa Maria, v.45, n.11, p.1980-1986, nov, 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20141383 1980
Ciência Rural, Santa Maria, v.45, n.11, p.1980-1986, nov, 2015 ISSN 0103-8478 ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to study the
parameters of adaptability and phenotypic stability and estimate
the increase in grain yield in black common bean genotypes
developed by brazilian breeding programs between the years
1960-2013. The experiments were carried out considering 38
cultivars and two lines in four different environments (Coimbra
and Viçosa cities, and dry and winter seasons of 2013 year) by
using a randomized block design with three replications. Results
showed an effective increasing of the grain yield provided by the
recommendation of new cultivars from different Brazilian breeding
programs in the past five decades. In addition, the GxE analysis
interaction indicated that cultivars recommended after the year Nas principais regiões produtoras de
feijão, o cultivo é realizado em três épocas distintas
de plantio (safra das águas, da seca e de inverno),
de acordo com o zoneamento agroclimático de
cada região (MELO et al., 2007). É também nessas
regiões que se concentram os principais programas
de melhoramento de feijão, nos quais há uma busca
contínua por novas cultivares, mais produtivas,
menos sensíveis aos estresses bióticos e abióticos Adaptabilidade e estabilidade e a produtividade de grãos em cultivares de feijão preto recomendadas no Brasil... 1981 e com características que atendam ao mercado
consumidor. Esse processo incessantemente de
melhoramento culminou no lançamento de centenas
de cultivares, nas quais evoluíram características
como arquitetura da planta, resistência a doenças e
tipo comercial de grão, aliadas à alta produtividade
(MELO et al., 2007). i Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi
estudar os parâmetros de adaptabilidade e estabilidade
fenotípica e avaliar o incremento na produtividade de
grãos em genótipos de feijão preto, desenvolvidos
pelos programas brasileiros de melhoramento
genético, entre os anos de 1960 a 2013. (
,
)
Na etapa final de um programa de
melhoramento, as linhagens são avaliadas em redes
nos ensaios de Valor de Cultivo e Uso (VCUs), em
um grande número de ambientes que representam as
diversas condições ambientais nas quais uma cultivar
poderá ser submetida (PEREIRA et al., 2009). Nesses ensaios, a presença da interação genótipos x
ambientes dificulta o trabalho dos melhoristas, pois
resulta no comportamento variável dos genótipos
sobre os diferentes ambientes, dificultando a seleção
(CARGNIN et al., 2006). Porém, a análise de
estabilidade e adaptabilidade é uma alternativa para
amenizar os efeitos da interação e identificar cultivares
com comportamento previsível e responsivas às
melhorias do ambiente (CRUZ & REGAZZI, 2001). MATERIAL E MÉTODOS Os experimentos foram conduzidos nas
Estações Experimentais da Universidade Federal
de Viçosa, nos municípios de Viçosa/MG (latitude:
20º 45’ 14” S, longitude: 42º 52’ 55” W e altitude:
648m) e Coimbra/MG (latitude 20º51’24” S e a uma
longitude 42º48’10” W e altitude de 720 metros), nas
safras da seca e de inverno 2013. Neste estudo, foram utilizadas 38 cultivares
e duas linhagens de feijão do grupo comercial preto
(Tabela 1). A decisão sobre as cultivares utilizadas no
estudo foi realizada por meio de registros científicos
(artigos em periódicos indexados) e relatos de sua
experiência de melhoristas de diferentes programas
de melhoramento de feijão. Inicialmente, uma
amostra de sementes das cultivares foi obtida junto
às instituições obtentoras e, em seguida, multiplicada
para homogeneizar a germinação e posterior
realização do experimento. Diferentes metodologias foram propostas
para a análise da adaptabilidade e estabilidade, de
forma que a escolha por uma delas depende de fatores
como a quantidade de genótipos e de ambientes
avaliados e da forma com que a interpretação dos
resultados será realizada. Na cultura do feijão, estudos
desta natureza já foram realizados por OLIVEIRA et
al. (2006); RIBEIRO et al. (2008), PEREIRA et al. (2009) e SILVA et al. (2013), entre outros. Entretanto,
a maioria dos genótipos estudados são linhagens
de um determinado programa de melhoramento, as
quais, muitas vezes, não chegam a serem lançadas
comercialmente. Além disso, entre os trabalhos que
contemplam cultivares, estes avaliam um número
reduzido de genótipos, os quais pertencem geralmente
a apenas um determinado período cronológico do
melhoramento genético de feijão. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi
o de blocos ao acaso com três repetições. As parcelas
experimentais foram constituídas de quatro linhas de
três metros de comprimento, espaçadas 0,5 metros
entre elas. A característica utilizada para o estudo
foi produtividade de grãos, obtida pela pesagem em
gramas das duas fileiras centrais da parcela, ajustada
a 13% de umidade e extrapoladas para kg ha-1. Os resultados foram submetidos às
análises de variância individual de cada ambiente,
seguida da análise de variância conjunta. A análise
de variância conjunta foi realizada pelo modelo
de blocos casualizados, constituído de efeitos
aleatórios para genótipos, para ambiente e para
a interação de genótipos x ambientes. ABSTRACT Tal estimação fornece informações detalhadas sobre
o comportamento das cultivares e contribui na
sua caracterização quanto à resposta às variações
ambientais, proporcionando maior segurança na
recomendação (SILVA et al., 2013). MATERIAL E MÉTODOS O modelo
dessa análise é dado por: Diante do exposto, torna-se interessante
reunir em um único trabalho as principais cultivares
recomendadas e cultivadas ao longo da história
do melhoramento genético do feijão no Brasil,
por diferentes instituições de pesquisa. Além
disso, é importante estimar os parâmetros de
adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípica e, assim,
investigar a contribuição do melhoramento no
aumento da produtividade de grãos e na adaptação e
previsibilidade de comportamento das cultivares. Yijk = m + Gi + B/Ajk + Ak + GAik + Eijk
em que: Yijk é o valor observado da característica
no genótipo i no bloco j (j= 1, 2, 3) e dentro do
ambiente k; m é a média geral; Gi é o efeito aleatório
do genótipo i (i = 1, 2, 3, ..., 40); B/Ajk, o efeito
aleatório do bloco j dentro do ambiente k; Ak é o
efeito aleatório do ambiente k (k = 1, 2, 3, 4); GAik
é o efeito aleatório da interação do genótipo i com o
ambiente k; Eijk é o erro experimental. Yijk = m + Gi + B/Ajk + Ak + GAik + Eijk
em que: Yijk é o valor observado da característica
no genótipo i no bloco j (j= 1, 2, 3) e dentro do
ambiente k; m é a média geral; Gi é o efeito aleatório
do genótipo i (i = 1, 2, 3, ..., 40); B/Ajk, o efeito
aleatório do bloco j dentro do ambiente k; Ak é o
efeito aleatório do ambiente k (k = 1, 2, 3, 4); GAik
é o efeito aleatório da interação do genótipo i com o
ambiente k; Eijk é o erro experimental. Ciência Rural, v.45, n.11, nov, 2015. 1982 Barili et al. Tabela 1 - Nome, ano de recomendação (Ano rec.), instituição responsável, média de produtividade de grãos (kg ha-1) por ambiente e teste de
agrupamento de médias das 40 cultivares de feijão do grupo comercial preto avaliadas em Minas Gerais, 2013. Tabela 1 - Nome, ano de recomendação (Ano rec.), instituição responsável, média de produtividade de grãos (kg ha-1) por ambiente e teste de
agrupamento de médias das 40 cultivares de feijão do grupo comercial preto avaliadas em Minas Gerais, 2013. -------------- Seca/2013 -------------- ------------- Inverno/2013 -------------
Cultivares
Ano rec. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS Instituição
Coimbra
Viçosa
Coimbra
Viçosa
‘VP 22’
2013
UFV
4866 a
3608 a
4142 a
3197 a
‘IPR Tuiuiú’
2010
IAPAR
4588 a
3923 a
4014 a
3202 a
‘BRS Supremo’
2004
Embrapa
4293 a
2845 c
3165 c
2585 c
‘IPR Tiziu’
2006
IAPAR
4234 a
3350 b
3370 c
2904 b
‘Diamante Negro’
1991
Embrapa
4223 a
2990 b
3282 c
2136 d
‘BRS Campeiro’
2003
Embrapa
4205 a
3194 b
3519 c
2446 c
‘BRS Expedito’
2007
Embrapa
4150 a
3168 b
3389 c
2570 c
‘IAC Tunã’
2005
IAC
4046 b
3368 b
3713 b
2866 b
‘IPR Gralha’
2006
IAPAR
4020 b
2752 c
3665 b
2515 c
‘VP 33’
2013
UFV
3983 b
3525 b
3710 b
2949 b
‘BRS Grafite’
2003
Embrapa
3849 b
3244 b
3250 c
2507 c
‘BRS Valente’
2001
Embrapa
3837 b
3362 b
3043 c
2395 c
‘IPR Uirapurú’
2000
IAPAR
3834 b
3035 b
3275 c
2397 c
‘BRS Esplendor’
2006
Embrapa
3756 b
3459 b
3505 c
2800 b
‘IPR Graúna’
2002
IAPAR
3524 b
3069 b
3238 c
2443 c
‘IAC – Una’
1994
IAC
3518 b
3252 b
3164 c
2260 d
‘Ouro Negro’
1992
Embrapa
3384 b
2504 c
2501 d
2184 d
‘IAPAR 65’
1993
IAPAR
3202 c
2281 c
2580 d
1811 d
‘Varre – Sai’
1991
PSAGRO/RJ
3069 c
2669 c
2671 d
1884 d
‘Xamego’
1993
EMGOPA
2898 c
2813 c
2454 d
1830 d
‘Capixaba Precoce’
1980
EMCAPA
2883 c
2724 c
2023 d
1825 d
‘Onix’
1992
EMGOPA
2843 c
2622 c
2386 d
1694 d
‘BR - IPA 10’
1992
IPA
2821 c
2789 c
2490 d
1863 d
‘BR1 – Xodó’
1985
PESAGRO
2806 c
2458 c
2605 d
1897 d
‘BR-IPAGRO 2’- Pampa
1989
EMCAPA
2796 c
2577 c
2772 d
1725 d
‘Iapar 8’ - Rio Negro
1983
IAPAR
2787 c
2271 c
2337 d
1943 d
‘BR 6’ - Barriga verde
1990
EMPASC
2781 c
2813 c
2310 d
1776 d
‘BR-IPAGRO1’-Macanudo
1989
IPAGRO
2739 c
2625 c
2680 d
1804 d
‘FT 120’
1986
FT-sementes
2711 c
2640 c
2581 d
1815 d
‘Moruna’
1980
IAC
2610 c
2634 c
2294 d
1984 d
‘IAPAR 44’
1990
IAPAR
2580 c
2788 c
2570 d
1783 d
‘Milionário 1732’
1983
EPAMIG
2547 c
2752 c
2473 d
1965 d
‘Preto Uberabinha’
1990
IPEACO/MG
2547 c
2469 c
2506 d
1789 d
‘Iraí’
1981
IPAGRO
2529 c
2671 c
2635 d
1869 d
‘IAPAR 20’
1987
IAPAR
2509 c
2771 c
2560 d
1896 d
‘Rio Tibagi’
1971
UFV
2502 c
2687 c
2496 d
1924 d
‘Rico 1735’
1983
EPAMIG
2408 c
2667 c
2341 d
1869 d
‘BR – 3’ Ipanema
1985
PESAGRO
2381 c
2524 c
2375 d
1825 d
‘Rico 23’
1960
UFV
2379 c
3129 b
2645 d
1776 d
‘BR – 2’ Grande Rio
1985
PESAGRO
2190 c
2832 c
2507 d
1844 d
Média
-
-
3246
2896
2880
2169
CV (%)
-
-
10,84
11,71
8,83
8,86
*Médias seguidas de mesma letra na coluna pertencem a um mesmo grupo, de acordo com o critério de agrupamento de Scott-Knott (1974), a
5% de probabilidade. Ciência Rural, v.45, n.11, nov, 2015. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO A estimativa obtida pela razão entre o
maior e o menor quadrado médio dos resíduos foi
inferior a sete (3,36), indicando homogeneidade das
variâncias residuais, possibilitando a análise conjunta,
a qual revelou efeito significativo para todas as fontes
de variação testadas (P-valor<0,001) (Tabela 1). O
efeito significativo da interação cultivares x ambientes
revela que as cultivares têm resposta diferenciada em
relação às mudanças de ambiente. Essa alteração
ocorre devido às condições edafoclimáticas diferentes
dos locais e safras de avaliação (RIBEIRO et al.,
2008) e também da estrutura genética diferenciada
dos genótipos estudados. Nos estudos de OLIVEIRA
et al. (2006); MELO et al. (2007); RIBEIRO et al. (2008) e MOURA et al. (2013), também foi observada
resposta diferenciada na produtividade de grãos de
genótipos de feijão, quando submetidos ao cultivo em
diferentes ambientes. A média geral de produtividade
de grãos foi de 2797 kg ha-1 e o coeficiente de variação
observado de 10,45%, estando dentro dos padrões
para a cultura do feijão. Em estudos com feijão,
OLIVEIRA et al. (2006), CARBONELL et al. (2010)
e SILVA et al. (2013) encontraram CVs entre 6 e 23%
para produtividade de grãos. Em Coimbra, na safra da seca, com exceção
da cultivar ‘Diamante Negro’ (1991), no primeiro grupo
(a), e das cultivares ‘IAC - Una’ (1994) e ‘Ouro Negro’
(1992), no segundo grupo (b), as demais cultivares
pertencentes a estes grupos foram recomendadas após
o ano de 2000. Cabe observar que a maioria dessas
cultivares (grupos “a’ e “b”) foram recomendadas há
menos de 10 anos, demostrando o compromisso dos
melhoristas no lançamento constante de cultivares
superiores quanto à produtividade de grãos. Em
contrapartida, as cultivares recomendadas entre 1960 e
1993 apresentaram comportamento inferior às demais,
sendo alocadas conjuntamente no grupo “c” (Tabela 2). Em Viçosa, nas safras da seca e de inverno
2013, e, em Coimbra/inverno 2013, o agrupamento
entre as cultivares foi semelhante ao ocorrido em
Coimbra/seca 2013 (Tabela 2), visto que os genótipos
mais produtivos e que estão no grupo “a” são IPR
Tuiuiú e VP 22, ambos desenvolvidos nos últimos
anos (2010 e 2013 respectivamente). Quanto às
cultivares dos demais grupos, observa-se uma troca de
posições entre grupos. Entretanto, cabe salientar que
as cultivares com as piores performances (grupos “c” e
“d”) foram as recomendadas, em geral, antes do ano de
1990, corroborando a recomendação de cultivares com
maiores potenciais produtivos ano após ano. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS *Médias seguidas de mesma letra na coluna pertencem a um mesmo grupo, de acordo com o critério de agrupamento de Scott-Knott (1974), a
5% de probabilidade. Para
avaliar
a
homogeneidade
das
variâncias residuais no presente modelo, utilizou-se a
razão entre o maior e menor quadrado médio residual
dos ensaios. Por meio do teste Fmax, as variâncias serão consideradas homogêneas quando esta razão
for menor que 7,0 (PIMENTEL-GOMES, 1990). Após a verificação da significância da interação,
as médias de produtividade de grãos das cultivares serão consideradas homogêneas quando esta razão
for menor que 7,0 (PIMENTEL-GOMES, 1990). Após a verificação da significância da interação,
as médias de produtividade de grãos das cultivares Ciência Rural, v.45, n.11, nov, 2015. Adaptabilidade e estabilidade e a produtividade de grãos em cultivares de feijão preto recomendadas no Brasil. 1983 Tabela 2 - Resumo da análise de variância conjunta referentes a
produtividade de grãos em kg ha-1 avaliada em 40
cultivares de feijão do grupo comercial preto. Coimbra
e Viçosa, Minas Gerais, safras da Seca e de inverno de
2013. foram submetidas ao teste de agrupamento de
SCOTT-KNOTT (1974) a 5% de probabilidade de
erro, em cada um dos ambientes, a fim de verificar o
agrupamento diferencial entre os genótipos. Tabela 2 - Resumo da análise de variância conjunta referentes a
produtividade de grãos em kg ha-1 avaliada em 40
cultivares de feijão do grupo comercial preto. Coimbra
e Viçosa, Minas Gerais, safras da Seca e de inverno de
2013. Para o estudo da adaptabilidade e
estabilidade, foi utilizada a metodologia proposta por
EBERHART & RUSSELL (1966), a qual baseia-se
na análise de regressão linear, em que genótipos com
adaptabilidade geral ou ampla são aqueles com β1i=1;
genótipos com adaptabilidade específica a ambientes
favoráveis são aqueles com β1i>1; e genótipos com
adaptabilidade específica a ambientes desfavoráveis
são aqueles com β1i<1. A estabilidade é avaliada
pelos desvios de regressão (σ2
di), e considerados
genótipos com previsibilidade de comportamento
aqueles com σ2
di = 0 e genótipos de comportamentos
imprevisíveis aqueles com σ2
di ≠ 0. Todas as análises
foram processadas no software Genes (CRUZ, 2006). Fontes de
Variação
GL
QM
P-valor
Blocos/Amb
8
353991
Cultivares (C)
39
2931357
< 0,001
Ambientes (A)
3
24518296
< 0,001
Cult x Amb
117
190032
< 0,001
Resíduo
312
85088
Média Geral
-
2797
CV (%)
-
10,45
GL: Graus de liberdade; QM: Quadrado Médio. GL: Graus de liberdade; QM: Quadrado Médio. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS avaliaram linhagens de feijão em Viçosa e Coimbra/
MG e obtiveram as menores médias em Viçosa. A
variabilidade genética significativa entre as cultivares
pode ser corroborada pelo teste de SCOTT & KNOTT
(5% de probabilidade), o qual proporcionou a formação
de diferentes grupos em cada um dos ambientes. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO Uma vez constatada a interação G x
A significativa, os resultados foram discutidos
separadamente por ambiente. As médias gerais de
produtividade de grãos variaram entre os experimentos
(Tabela 2). No ambiente de Coimbra, na safra da
seca, foi observada a maior Prod. (3246kg ha-1)
e, no ambiente de Viçosa, na safra de inverno, a
menor (2169kg ha-1). Esses resultados corroboram
os observados por OLIVEIRA et al. (2006), que Quando se analisa a média geral de
cada uma das cultivares, nos quatro ambientes, fica
ainda mais evidente a superioridade das cultivares
recomendadas após o ano de 2000, visto que estas
apresentaram médias superiores à média geral (2797kg Ciência Rural, v.45, n.11, nov, 2015. Barili et al. 1984 ha-1) e foram alocadas em grupos distintos (“a” e “b”),
ao contrário das cultivares recomendadas entre 1960 e
2000, aproximadamente, que apresentaram as menores
médias e foram alocadas no grupo “c” (Tabela 3). instituições de pesquisa do Brasil em atividades
ligadas ao melhoramento genético do feijoeiro, com
envolvimento de especialistas de diferentes áreas
do conhecimento (melhoramento, fitopatologia,
biotecnologia, estatística, etc.). O desenvolvimento
de cultivares resistente a estresses bióticos e abióticos, Os aumentos mais expressivos observados
nas últimas décadas reflete uma maior ação das Tabela 3 - Produtividade média de grãos, parâmetros de adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípica (coeficiente de regressão (β1i) e desvios da
regressão (σ2
di)), segundo critérios de EBERHART & RUSSELL (1966) das cultivares de feijão avaliadas em Minas Gerais/2013. Tabela 3 - Produtividade média de grãos, parâmetros de adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípica (coeficiente de regressão (β1i) e desvios da
regressão (σ2
di)), segundo critérios de EBERHART & RUSSELL (1966) das cultivares de feijão avaliadas em Minas Gerais/2013. ns, * e **: não significativo, significativo a 5 e 1%, pelo teste t (h0: β1i = 1,0) e pelo teste F (h0: σ2
di). *Médias seguidas por letras distintas diferem entre si (P<0,05) pelo teste de Scott e Knott (1974),
2 Ciência Rural, v.45, n.11, nov, 2015. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO 1985 mostraram alta previsibilidade de comportamento e
ampla adaptabilidade. Além disso, as cultivares ‘BRS
Valente’, ‘BRS Grafite’, ‘BRS Esplendor’, ‘BRS
Expedito’, ‘IAC-Una’, ‘IPR Uirapurú’, ‘IPR Tiziu’,
‘IPR Graúna’, ‘IAC Tunã’, ‘IPR Tuiuiú’ e a linhagem
‘VP 33’ merecem destaque, pois apresentaram
conjuntamente a esses parâmetros, produtividade de
grãos superior à média geral (2797kg ha-1). Com exceção
da cultivar ‘IAC-Una’, as demais supracitadas foram
lançadas nas últimas duas décadas (2000/2010). Tal
fato comprova a recomendação contínua de cultivares
que agregam alta produtividade, adaptação a uma
diversidade de condições climáticas e comportamento
previsível, culminando em expressivo progresso
genético. Além disso, esses genótipos revelaram altos
coeficientes de determinação (R2>75%), indicando que
grande parte de suas variações totais são explicadas
pelo modelo adotado (Tabelas 3). adaptadas a diferentes locais de cultivo, com elevada
estabilidade de produção e responsivas as melhorias
de ambiente é o fato responsável pelo incremento
observado na produtividade. Segundo RAMALHO
(2012), houve grande progresso na produtividade
do feijão no país, o que pode ser atribuído ao
melhoramento genético. Como evidência, temos
os estudos sobre progresso genético realizados por
ABREU et al. (1994), MATOS (2007), CHIORATO
et al. (2010) e FARIA et al. (2014), os quais obtiveram
ganhos genéticos entre 1,07 a 3,26% ao ano.i A significância da interação G x A indicou
comportamento diferenciado dos genótipos frente às
variações ambientais, sendo essencial sua avaliação
detalhada no melhoramento, pois há a possibilidade de
um genótipo se destacar em um determinado ambiente
e não em outro. Por tal motivo, é necessário o estudo
dos parâmetros de adaptabilidade e estabilidade. Ao analisar os fatores de adaptabilidade e
estabilidade fenotípica pelo critério de EBERHART &
RUSSELL (1966), verifica-se que 92,5% das cultivares
apresentaram ampla adaptabilidade, isso porque
obtiveram coeficientes de regressão estatisticamente
iguais a 1 (β1i=1) (Tabela 3). As cultivares ‘Diamante
Negro’ e ‘BRS Campeiro’ demostraram adaptabilidade
a ambientes favoráveis (β>1), ou seja, respondem
favoravelmente as melhorias do ambiente, sendo
indicadas para áreas com emprego de alta tecnologia. Por outro lado, a cultivar ‘Rico 1735’ apresentou
β1
estatisticamente
inferior
à
unidade
(β<1),
evidenciando ser adaptada a ambientes desfavoráveis,
não apresentando incremento na produtividade de
grãos com a melhoria do ambiente, devendo ser
recomendada para áreas de baixa tecnologia. A criação de novas cultivares têm sido
uma das tecnologias que mais contribuiu para o
aumento da produtividade e estabilidade de produção
sem custos adicionais ao agricultor (POLIZEL
et al., 2013). RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO Considerando que os genótipos
mais adaptados e estáveis serão também os mais
produtivos (PEREIRA et al., 2009), acredita-se
que os programas de melhoramento de feijão têm
cumprido seu papel na recomendação de cultivares
promissoras quanto à produtividade de grãos e
adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípica. CONCLUSÃO Os programas de melhoramento genético do
feijão têm contribuído efetivamente para o incremento na
produtividade de grãos com o lançamento de cultivares
de grãos preto com elevado potencial produtivo. Quanto à estabilidade fenotípica, 80%
das cultivares apresentaram desvio de regressão
igual a zero (σ2
di=0), indicando alta previsibilidade
de comportamento (Tabela 3). Em contrapartida, a
linhagem VP 22 e as cultivares ‘IPR Gralha’, ‘BRS
Supremo’, ‘Diamante Negro’, ‘Ouro Negro’, ‘Rico
23’, ‘Capixaba Precoce’ e ‘BR - 2 Grande Rio’
apresentaram desvios de regressão significativos
(σ2
di≠0), evidenciando comportamento imprevisível
nos ambientes, ou seja, possuem constituição genética
de baixa estabilidade. Entre tais cultivares, apenas
‘BRS Supremo’ e ‘IPR Gralha’ e a linhagem ‘VP 22’
foram desenvolvidas após o ano de 2000, demonstrando
o compromisso dos programas de melhoramento
de feijão em colocar à disposição dos produtores
cultivares com alta estabilidade de produção. As cultivares que melhor associam o
fenótipo, médias altas de produtividade de grãos,
adaptabilidade ampla e alta previsibilidade de
comportamento foram as recomendadas entre os anos
de 2000 e 2013. AGRADECIMENTOS Os autores agradecem a Embrapa Arroz e Feijão,
ao Instituto Agronômico do Paraná (IAPAR) e ao Instituto
Agronômico de Campinas (IAC) pelo auxilio na aquisição das
cultivares avaliadas. Agradecemos também ao Conselho Nacional
de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) e a Fundação
de Amparo à Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) pela
concessão do apoio financeiro. Considerando os resultados obtidos pela
análise de EBERHART & RUSSEL simultaneamente
com as médias de produtividade de grãos das
cultivares, verifica-se que a maioria dos genótipos RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO Genótipo
Recomendação
Média (kg ha-1)
ß1
σ2
di
R² (%)
‘VP 22’
2013
3954 a
1,413
139519,9 **
78
‘IPR Tuiuiú’
2010
3932 a
1,238
-13219,3 NS
97
‘VP 33’
2013
3542 b
0,951
-18148,1 NS
96
‘IAC Tunã’
2005
3498 b
1,057
10464,04 NS
90
‘IPR Tiziu’
2006
3464 b
1,106
60712,97 NS
81
‘BRS Esplendor’
2006
3380 b
0,900
-26592,7 NS
99
‘BRS Campeiro’
2003
3341 b
1,550**
35393,0 NS
92
‘BRS Expedito’
2007
3319 b
1,361
43475,54 NS
89
‘IPR Gralha’
2006
3238 b
1,293
235507,7**
66
‘BRS Supremo’
2004
3222 b
1,368
247196,3**
68
‘BRS Grafite’
2003
3212 b
1,199
-16538,4 NS
97
‘BRS Valente’
2001
3159 b
1,296
5564,498 NS
94
‘Diamante Negro’
1991
3158 b
1,817**
71105,55*
91
‘IPR Uirapurú’
2000
3135 b
1,271
7910,569 NS
93
‘IPR Graúna’
2002
3069 b
0,998
-19789,4 NS
97
‘IAC-Una’
1994
3049 b
1,201
-21731,9 NS
99
‘Ouro Negro’
1992
2643 c
0,971
82352,0*
72
‘Varre-Sai’
1991
2573 c
1,098
-28254,9 NS
100
‘Xamego’
1993
2499 c
1,022
4887,159 NS
91
‘BR - IPA 10’
1992
2491 c
0,933
653,5671 NS
90
‘Rico 23’
1960
2482 c
0,775
264464,3**
39
‘IAPAR 65’
1993
2468 c
1,196
42405,65 NS
86
‘BR - IPAGRO 2’ - Pampa
1989
2468 c
1,061
8625,063 NS
90
‘BR-IPAGRO 1’- Macanudo
1989
2462 c
0,933
-3525,43 NS
91
‘BR 1’- Xodó
1985
2441 c
0,850
-21609,3 NS
97
‘FT 120’
1986
2437 c
0,891
-9570,9 NS
93
‘Milionário 1732’
1983
2434 c
0,620
21392,86 NS
70
‘IAPAR 20’
1987
2434 c
0,678
42920,22 NS
66
‘IAPAR 44’
1990
2430 c
0,850
44558,8 NS
75
‘Iraí’
1981
2426 c
0,715
27398,18 NS
74
‘BR 6’ - Barriga verde
1990
2420 c
0,973
37293,4 NS
82
‘Rio Tibagi’
1971
2402 c
0,622
17258,62 NS
72
‘Onix’
1992
2386 c
1,082
-15506,9 NS
97
‘Moruna’
1980
2380 c
0,604
771,0531 NS
79
‘Capixaba Precoce’
1980
2364 c
0,944
101373,1*
68
‘BR – 2’ Grande Rio
1985
2343 c
0,501
163867,1**
29
‘Iapar 8’ - Rio Negro
1983
2334 c
0,722
-7341,1 NS
88
‘Preto Uberabinha’
1990
2328 c
0,760
-10361,8 NS
91
‘Rico 1735’
1983
2321 c
0,586*
32459,87 NS
63
‘BR – 3’ Ipanema
1985
2276 c
0,593
6773,24 NS
75
Média Geral
-
2797
-
-
-
*Médias seguidas por letras distintas diferem entre si (P<0,05) pelo teste de Scott e Knott (1974),
ns * e **: não significativo significativo a 5 e 1% pelo teste t (h : β = 1 0) e pelo teste F (h : σ2 ) Adaptabilidade e estabilidade e a produtividade de grãos em cultivares de feijão preto recomendadas no Brasil... Ciência Rural, v.45, n.11, nov, 2015. REFERENCIAS ABREU, A.F.B. et al. Progresso do melhoramento genético do feijoeiro
nas décadas de setenta e oitenta nas regiões Sul e Alto Paranaíba em Ciência Rural, v.45, n.11, nov, 2015. Ciência Rural, v.45, n.11, nov, 2015. Barili et al. 1986 MOURA, M.M. et al. Potencial de caracteres na avaliação
da arquitetura de plantas de feijão. Pesquisa Agropecuária MOURA, M.M. et al. Potencial de caracteres na avaliação
da arquitetura de plantas de feijão. Pesquisa Agropecuária
Brasileira, v.48, n.4, p.417-425, 2013. Disponível em: <http://
www.scielo.br/pdf/pab/v48n4/10.pdf>. Acesso em: 11 set. 2014. Minas Gerais. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, v.29, n.1, p.105-
112, 1994. Disponível em: <https://seer.sct.embrapa.br/index.php/pab/
article/viewFile/4033/1324>. Acesso em: 11 set. 2014. CARBONELL, S.A.M. et al. Tamanho de grão comercial em
cultivares de feijoeiro. Ciência Rural, v.40, n.10, p.2067-2073,
2010. Disponível em: <http://www.scielo.br/pdf/cr/v40n10/a
731cr3346.pdf>. Acesso em: 12 set. 2014. OLIVEIRA, G.V. et al. Adaptabilidade e estabilidade de linhagens
de feijão comum em Minas Gerais. Pesquisa Agropecuária
Brasileira, v.41, p.257-265, 2006. Disponível em: <http://www. scielo.br/pdf/pab/v41n2/a10v41n2.pdf>. Acesso em: 11 set. 2014. CARGNIN, A. et al. Interação entre genótipos e ambientes e
implicações em ganhos com seleção em trigo. Pesquisa Agropecuária
Brasileira, v.41, n.6, p.987-993, 2006. Disponível em: <http://www. scielo.br/pdf/pab/v41n6/30865.pdf>. Acesso em: 11 set. 2014. PEREIRA, H.S. et al. Comparação de métodos de análise de
adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípica em feijoeiro comum. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, v.44, p.374-383, 2009. Disponível em: <http://www.scielo.br/pdf/pab/v44n4/a07v44n4. pdf>. Acesso em: 11 set. 2014. CONAB (COMPANHIA NACIONAL DE ABASTECIMENTO). Acompanhamento de safra brasileira: grãos, sexto levantamento,
março 2014. Disponível em: <http://www.conab.gov.br/
OlalaCMS/uploads/arquivos/13_07_09_09_04_53_boletim_
graos_junho__2013.pdf>. Acesso em: 10 set. 2014. PIMENTEL-GOMES, F. Curso de estatística experimental.
13.ed. Piracicaba: Nobel, 1990. 468p. PIMENTEL-GOMES, F. Curso de estatística experimental. 13.ed. Piracicaba: Nobel, 1990. 468p. POLIZEL, A.C. et al. Adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípica de
genótipos de Soja no estado do Mato Grosso. Bioscience Journal,
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common beans at IAC from 1989 to 2007. Crop Breeding and Applied
Biotechnology, v.10, p.329-336, 2010. Disponível em: <http://www. scielo.br/pdf/cbab/v10n4/a07v10n4.pdf>. Acesso em: 11 set. 2014. CRUZ, C.D.; REGAZZI, A.J. Modelos biométricos aplicados ao
melhoramento genético. Viçosa: UFV, 2001. 390p. RAMALHO, M.A.P. et al. Contributions of plant breeding in
Brazil - progress and perspectives. Crop Breeding and Applied
Biotechnology, n.2, p.111-120, 2012. Disponível em: <http://
www.scielo.br/pdf/cbab/v12nspe/v12nspea12.pdf>. Acesso em:
11 set. 2014. CRUZ, C.D. Programa genes: biometria. Viçosa, UFV, 2006. 286p. EBERHART, S.A.; RUSSELL, W.A. Stability parameters
for comparing varieties. Crop Science, v.6, p.36-40, 1966. Disponível em: <http://www.sap.uchile.cl/descargas/fisiogenetica/
Stability%20parameters%20for%20comparing%20varieties_
Eberhart_Russell1966.pdf>. Acesso em: 11 set. 2014. RIBEIRO, N.D. et al. Adaptação e estabilidade de produção de
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Sul. Ciência Rural, v.38, n.9, p.2434-2440, 2008. Disponível
em: <http://www.scielo.br/pdf/cr/v38n9/a18cr179.pdf>. Acesso
em: 11 set. 2014. FARIA, L.C. et al. Genetic progress during 22 years of
black bean improvement. Euphytica, Published Online: 15
May 2014. Disponível em: <http://link.springer.com/article
/10.1007%2Fs10681-014-1135-z>. Acesso em: 11 set. 2014. doi:
10.1007/s10681-014-1135-z. SCOTT, A.J.; KNOTT, M.A. A cluster analysis method for
grouping means in the analysis of variance. Biometric, v.30,
p.507-512, 1974. Disponível em: <http://www.ime.usp.br/~abe/
lista/pdfXz71qDk Dx1.pdf>. Acesso em: 10 set. 2014. MATOS, J.W. et al. Trinta e dois anos do programa de melhoramento
do feijoeiro comum em Minas Gerais. Ciência e Agrotecnologia,
v.31 p.1749-1754, 2007. Disponível em: <http://www.scielo.br/pdf/
cagro/v31n6/a22v31n6.pdf>. Acesso em: 11 set. 2014. SILVA, G.A.P. et al. Análise da adaptabilidade e estabilidade
de produção em ensaios regionais de feijoeiro para o Estado de
São Paulo. Revista Ceres, v.60, p.59-65, 2013. Disponível em:
<http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rceres/v60n1/09.pdf>. Acesso em: 11
set. 2014. MELO, L.C. et al. Interação com ambientes e estabilidade de
genótipos de feijoeiro-comum na Região Centro-Sul do Brasil. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, v.42, p.715-723, 2007. Disponível
em:
<http://www.scielo.br/pdf/pab/v42n5/15.pdf>. Acesso em: 11 set. 2014. VIEIRA, C. et al. Melhoramento do feijão. In: BORÉM, A. Melhoramento de espécies cultivadas. 2.ed. Viçosa: UFV, 2005. p.301-391. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, v.42, p.715-723, 2007. Disponível
em:
<http://www.scielo.br/pdf/pab/v42n5/15.pdf>. Acesso em: 11 set. 2014. Ciência Rural, v.45, n.11, nov, 2015. | 20,163 |
https://github.com/bitase/Telegram-Futures-Bot/blob/master/FutureBinanceAPI/Endpoints/AccountEndPoint.cs | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | null | Telegram-Futures-Bot | bitase | C# | Code | 78 | 246 | using FutureBinanceAPI.Tools.HttpBuilder;
using FutureBinanceAPI.Models;
using FutureBinanceAPI.API;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Net.Http;
namespace FutureBinanceAPI.Endpoints
{
public class AccountEndPoint : IEndpoint
{
#region Var
public string APIEndPoint { get; } = "/fapi/v1/account";
private AuthClient Client { get; set; }
private IHttpBuilder HttpBuilder { get; set; }
#endregion
#region Init
public AccountEndPoint(AuthClient client)
{
Client = client;
HttpBuilder = new AuthBuilder(Client);
}
#endregion
#region Methods
public async Task<Account> GetAsync()
{
HttpRequestMessage message = HttpBuilder.MakeRequest(HttpMethod.Get, APIEndPoint);
return await Client.SendRequestAsync<Account>(message);
}
#endregion
}
}
| 6,813 |
https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusarium | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Fusarium | https://az.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fusarium&action=history | Azerbaijani | Spoken | 250 | 868 | Fusarium — Göbələklər aləminin Ascomycota şöbəsinin Hypocreales sırasının Hypocreaceae ailəsinə daxildirlər . Fusarium cinsli göbələklər torpaqda və bitkilərdə geniş yayılmış filamentar göbələklərdirlər . Onlar düyü , paxlalılar , soya və digər bi kimi məhsullların normal florasında olur .Bəzi Fusarium növləri termofilikdirlər .Bitki patogenləri olduqları kimi onlar eyni zamanda da insanlarda patogenlik edə bilərlər .
Növləri
Bu cins 20 dən artıq növü əhatə edir .Bunlardan ən geniş yayılanları Fusarium solani , Fusarium oxysporum , Fusarium chlamydosporumdur.
Patogenliyi və klinik xüsusiyyətləri
Bu cinsli göbələklər içərisində ən güclü virulent ( zəhərli ) Fusarium solani dir .Əksər Fusarium solani növləri mikotoksinlər əmələ gətirirlər ki , belə mikotoksinlərlə kirlənmiş taxıl məhsulllarının qəbulu zamanı bu məhsulllardakı mikotoksinlər allergik simptomlardan başlamış uzunmüddətli kanserogen təsirlərə səbəb olurlar .Fumonisinlər qarğıdalı bitkisində Fusarium moniliforme və Fusarium proliferatum tərəfindən əmələ gələn mikotoksinlərdirlər .Onlar qida borusu xərçənginə səbəb ola bilərlər .Digər qrup mikotoksinlərdən zearalenonlar da müəyyən taxıl bitkilərində bəzi Fusarium cinsli göbələklər tərəfindən sintez olunurlar .
Makroskopik əlamətləri
Fusarium cinsli göbələklər 25 °C də SDA mühitində yaxşı inkişaf edirlər .Pambığabənzər , yayılmış koloniyalar əmələ gətirirlər .Yeganə yavaş böyüyən növ Fusarium dimerum dur .Sklerotsiyalar , hansı ki , hiflərin yığınından təşkil olunur — əlverişsiz mühit olarsa hərəkətsiz qalır və adətən mikroskop altında tünd mavi rəngdə olur .
Mikroskopik əlamətlər
Mikroskop altında hialin, arakəsməli hiflər , konidioforlar , makrokonidi və mikrokonidilər müşahidə edilir . Bir çox növlərdə xlamidosporlar da müşahidə edilir .Mikrokonidialar uzun yaxud qısa konidioforlardan əmələ gəlirlər .Onlar birhüceyrəlidirlər, nadir hallarda isə 2 yaxud 3 hüceyrəli ola bilərlər .
İstinadlar
Həmçinin bax
Göbələklər | 6,678 |
AMF/CNS/2009/11/FCCNS023766_20091116.pdf | French Open Data | Open Government | Various open data | 2,009 | None | AMF | French | Spoken | 506 | 940 |
Professionnel Media
3ème TRIMESTRE 2009
LE GROUPE A RATTRAPE SON RETARD
2009 2008 Normes IFRS
M€ M€ Publié Comparable
Premier trimestre 31,5 33,2 -5% -9%
Deuxième trimestre 37,8 36,8 +3% +3%
Troisième trimestre 38,5 37,2 +3% +3%
TOTAL 107,8 107,2 +1% +1%
ACTIVITE AU COURS DU TROISIEME TRIMESTRE 2009
Le chiffre d’affaires du 3
ème trimestre 2009 s’établit à 38,5 M€, contre 37,2 M€ au 3ème
trimestre 2008, soit une croissance de 3% à périmètre comparable. La différence entre le
chiffre d’affaires publié et le chiffre d’affaires comparable est liée à l’intégration des
comptes de la société Preview GM System, acquise le 27 mars 2008, dans les comptes
du groupe, à compter du 2ème trimestre 2008. Sur les neuf premiers mois de l’exercice,
le chiffre d’affaires du groupe progresse de 1% pour s’établir à 107,8 M€, contre
107,2 M€ pour les neufs premie rs mois de l’exercice 2008.
Le chiffre d’affaires cumulé au 30 septembre 2009 de l’activité «Conception, intégration et
services audiovisuels» a augmenté de 1, 41% par rapport au 30 septembre 2008 pour
s’établir sur les 9 mois à 99,4 M€. Les sociétés intégrateurs à bord de navires de croisière
(HMS et filiales) ont, en liaison avec leur carnet de commandes pour 2009, vu leur chiffre
d’affaires sur les 9 mois progresser sensible ment pour s’établir à 30,9 M€, contre 18,1 M€
au 30 septembre 2008. Au final, l’activit é «Conception, intégration et services
audiovisuels» a rattrapé le retard d’activité du 1er semestre 2009 par rapport à 2008 et
devrait poursuivre sa croissance sur le de rnier trimestre 2009.
Le chiffre d’affaires cumulé au 30 septembre 2009 de l’activité «Importation et distribution
de matériels de diffusion audi o-vidéo» ressort à 8,4 M€, en diminution de 8% par rapport
au 30 septembre 2008. Cette baisse est liée au fait que cette activité est plus sensible à
l’environnement économique général et a été très touchée pendant le s premiers mois de
2009 avec un chiffre d’affaires en recul de 15% par rapport au 1er semestre 2008. Ce net
recul a, en partie, été compensé par un troi sième trimestre performant (+6% par rapport
au 3ème trimestre 2008).
OPERATIONS ET EVENEMENTS IMPORTANTS DU 3ème TRIMESTRE 2009
S’agissant de l’activité et des résultats, aucun évènement significatif n’est intervenu au
cours du troisième trimestre 2009.
PERSPECTIVES
Les sociétés du groupe connai ssent des cycles différents qui ont permis, jusqu’à présent,
de relativement amortir les fluctuations de l’ac tivité globale. L’activité s’intensifie sur le
dernier semestre et la tendan ce observée au troisième trimes tre devrait se maintenir sur
le quatrième trimestre 2009.
Dans cet environnement incertain, le gr oupe s’attache à opérer les adaptations
nécessaires au maintien de sa compétitivité.
Il est rappelé qu’un document de référence a été déposé le 30 avril 2009
auprès de l’AMF sous le numéro D09-38 3, contenant notamment les principaux
facteurs de risques auxquels la société est exposée. Le rapport financier
semestriel a été publié le 31 août 2009.
Eurolist Compartiment C – Code ISIN FR0000066680 - Mnémonique IEC
www.iec.eu
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https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4869611 | Wikidata | Semantic data | CC0 | null | Batrochoglanis | None | Multilingual | Semantic data | 2,116 | 7,773 | Batrochoglanis
genus of fishes
Batrochoglanis taxon name Batrochoglanis, taxon author Theodore Gill, year of publication of scientific name for taxon 1858
Batrochoglanis taxon rank genus
Batrochoglanis parent taxon Pimelodidae
Batrochoglanis instance of taxon
Batrochoglanis ITIS TSN 679553
Batrochoglanis WoRMS-ID for taxa 268515
Batrochoglanis topic's main category Category:Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis Encyclopedia of Life ID 26072
Batrochoglanis GBIF taxon ID 2344094
Batrochoglanis NCBI taxonomy ID 390399
Batrochoglanis IRMNG ID 1206323
Batrochoglanis iNaturalist taxon ID 86912
Batrochoglanis image Batrochoglanis vilosus.jpg
Batrochoglanis Microsoft Academic ID 2780102321
Batrochoglanis Freebase ID /m/02rlr9d
Batrochoglanis BOLD Systems taxon ID 97809
Batrochoglanis Plazi ID E416FAFB-7837-A802-C5E3-7F98915484B4
Batrochoglanis Commons category Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis UMLS CUI C1939655
Batrochoglanis Open Tree of Life ID 210230
Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis vetenskapligt namn Batrochoglanis, auktor Theodore Gill, år för publikation av taxonomiskt namn 1858
Batrochoglanis taxonomisk rang släkte
Batrochoglanis nästa högre taxon Antennmalar
Batrochoglanis instans av taxon
Batrochoglanis ITIS-TSN 679553
Batrochoglanis World Register of Marine Species-ID 268515
Batrochoglanis ämnets huvudkategori Kategori:Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis Encyclopedia of Life-ID 26072
Batrochoglanis Global Biodiversity Information Facility-ID 2344094
Batrochoglanis NCBI-ID 390399
Batrochoglanis IRMNG-ID 1206323
Batrochoglanis iNaturalist taxon-ID 86912
Batrochoglanis bild Batrochoglanis vilosus.jpg
Batrochoglanis Microsoft Academic Graph-ID 2780102321
Batrochoglanis Freebase-ID /m/02rlr9d
Batrochoglanis Commons-kategori Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis UMLS CUI C1939655
Batrochoglanis Open Tree of Life-ID 210230
Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis wissenschaftlicher Name Batrochoglanis, Autor(en) des Taxons Theodore Nicholas Gill, veröffentlicht im Jahr 1858
Batrochoglanis taxonomischer Rang Gattung
Batrochoglanis übergeordnetes Taxon Antennenwelse
Batrochoglanis ist ein(e) Taxon
Batrochoglanis ITIS-TSN 679553
Batrochoglanis WoRMS-Taxon-ID 268515
Batrochoglanis EOL-ID 26072
Batrochoglanis GBIF-ID 2344094
Batrochoglanis NCBI-ID 390399
Batrochoglanis IRMNG-ID 1206323
Batrochoglanis iNaturalist-Taxon-ID 86912
Batrochoglanis Bild Batrochoglanis vilosus.jpg
Batrochoglanis Microsoft-Academic-Kennung 2780102321
Batrochoglanis Freebase-Kennung /m/02rlr9d
Batrochoglanis BOLD-ID 97809
Batrochoglanis Plazi-ID E416FAFB-7837-A802-C5E3-7F98915484B4
Batrochoglanis Commons-Kategorie Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis UMLS CUI C1939655
Batrochoglanis OTT-ID 210230
Батрохогланис
Батрохогланис международное научное название Batrochoglanis, автор названия таксона Теодор Гилл, дата публикации названия 1858
Батрохогланис таксономический ранг род
Батрохогланис ближайший таксон уровнем выше Пимелодовые
Батрохогланис это частный случай понятия таксон
Батрохогланис код ITIS TSN 679553
Батрохогланис идентификатор в Мировом реестре морских видов 268515
Батрохогланис идентификатор EOL 26072
Батрохогланис идентификатор GBIF 2344094
Батрохогланис идентификатор NCBI 390399
Батрохогланис идентификатор IRMNG 1206323
Батрохогланис код таксона iNaturalist 86912
Батрохогланис изображение Batrochoglanis vilosus.jpg
Батрохогланис код Microsoft Academic 2780102321
Батрохогланис код Freebase /m/02rlr9d
Батрохогланис код таксона в BOLD Systems 97809
Батрохогланис код Plazi E416FAFB-7837-A802-C5E3-7F98915484B4
Батрохогланис категория на Викискладе Batrochoglanis
Батрохогланис код UMLS CUI C1939655
Батрохогланис код Open Tree of Life 210230
Batrochoglanis
genere di pesci
Batrochoglanis nome scientifico Batrochoglanis, autore tassonomico Theodore Nicholas Gill, data di descrizione scientifica 1858
Batrochoglanis livello tassonomico genere
Batrochoglanis taxon di livello superiore Pimelodidae
Batrochoglanis istanza di taxon
Batrochoglanis identificativo ITIS 679553
Batrochoglanis identificativo WoRMS 268515
Batrochoglanis categoria principale dell'argomento Categoria:Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis identificativo EOL 26072
Batrochoglanis identificativo GBIF 2344094
Batrochoglanis identificativo NCBI 390399
Batrochoglanis identificativo IRMNG 1206323
Batrochoglanis identificativo iNaturalist taxon 86912
Batrochoglanis immagine Batrochoglanis vilosus.jpg
Batrochoglanis identificativo Microsoft Academic 2780102321
Batrochoglanis identificativo Freebase /m/02rlr9d
Batrochoglanis identificativo Plazi E416FAFB-7837-A802-C5E3-7F98915484B4
Batrochoglanis categoria su Commons Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis UMLS CUI C1939655
Batrochoglanis
género de peces
Batrochoglanis nombre del taxón Batrochoglanis, autor del taxón Theodore Gill, fecha de descripción científica 1858
Batrochoglanis categoría taxonómica género
Batrochoglanis taxón superior inmediato Pimelodidae
Batrochoglanis instancia de taxón
Batrochoglanis identificador ITIS 679553
Batrochoglanis identificador WoRMS 268515
Batrochoglanis categoría principal del tema Categoría:Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis identificador EOL 26072
Batrochoglanis identificador de taxón en GBIF 2344094
Batrochoglanis identificador NCBI 390399
Batrochoglanis identificador IRMNG 1206323
Batrochoglanis código de taxón en iNaturalist 86912
Batrochoglanis imagen Batrochoglanis vilosus.jpg
Batrochoglanis identificador Microsoft Academic 2780102321
Batrochoglanis Identificador Freebase /m/02rlr9d
Batrochoglanis identificador BOLD Systems de taxón 97809
Batrochoglanis categoría en Commons Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis UMLS CUI C1939655
Batrochoglanis identificador Open Tree of Life 210230
Batrochoglanis
genre de poissons
Batrochoglanis nom scientifique du taxon Batrochoglanis, auteur taxonomique Theodore Nicholas Gill, date de description scientifique 1858
Batrochoglanis rang taxonomique genre
Batrochoglanis taxon supérieur Pimelodidae
Batrochoglanis nature de l’élément taxon
Batrochoglanis identifiant Système d'information taxinomique intégré 679553
Batrochoglanis identifiant des taxons - World Register of Marine Species 268515
Batrochoglanis identifiant Encyclopédie de la Vie 26072
Batrochoglanis identifiant Global Biodiversity Information Facility 2344094
Batrochoglanis Identifiant NCBI 390399
Batrochoglanis identifiant Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera 1206323
Batrochoglanis identifiant iNaturalist d'un taxon 86912
Batrochoglanis image Batrochoglanis vilosus.jpg
Batrochoglanis identifiant Microsoft Academic 2780102321
Batrochoglanis identifiant Freebase /m/02rlr9d
Batrochoglanis identifiant BOLD Systems 97809
Batrochoglanis identifiant Plazi E416FAFB-7837-A802-C5E3-7F98915484B4
Batrochoglanis catégorie Commons Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis UMLS CUI C1939655
Batrochoglanis identifiant Open Tree of Life 210230
Batrochoglanis
geslacht uit de familie Pimelodidae
Batrochoglanis wetenschappelijke naam Batrochoglanis, taxonauteur Theodore Nicholas Gill, datum van taxonomische publicatie 1858
Batrochoglanis taxonomische rang geslacht
Batrochoglanis moedertaxon Pimelodidae
Batrochoglanis is een taxon
Batrochoglanis ITIS-identificatiecode 679553
Batrochoglanis WoRMS-identificatiecode voor taxon 268515
Batrochoglanis EOL-identificatiecode 26072
Batrochoglanis GBIF-identificatiecode 2344094
Batrochoglanis NCBI-identificatiecode 390399
Batrochoglanis IRMNG-identificatiecode 1206323
Batrochoglanis iNaturalist-identificatiecode voor taxon 86912
Batrochoglanis afbeelding Batrochoglanis vilosus.jpg
Batrochoglanis Microsoft Academic-identificatiecode 2780102321
Batrochoglanis Freebase-identificatiecode /m/02rlr9d
Batrochoglanis BOLD Systems-identificatiecode voor taxon 97809
Batrochoglanis Plazi-identificatiecode E416FAFB-7837-A802-C5E3-7F98915484B4
Batrochoglanis Commonscategorie Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis UMLS CUI-identificatiecode C1939655
Batrochoglanis Open Tree of Life-identificatiecode 210230
Batrochoglanis
род риби
Batrochoglanis име на таксон Batrochoglanis, автор на таксон Тиъдър Гил, дата на публикуване на таксон 1858
Batrochoglanis ранг на таксон род
Batrochoglanis родителски таксон пимелодови
Batrochoglanis екземпляр на таксон
Batrochoglanis ITIS TSN 679553
Batrochoglanis основна категория за статията Категория:Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis IRMNG ID 1206323
Batrochoglanis изображение Batrochoglanis vilosus.jpg
Batrochoglanis Идентификатор във Freebase /m/02rlr9d
Batrochoglanis категория в Общомедия Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis nomine del taxon Batrochoglanis, data de description scientific 1858
Batrochoglanis rango taxonomic genere
Batrochoglanis taxon superior immediate Pimelodidae
Batrochoglanis instantia de taxon
Batrochoglanis ID WoRMS 268515
Batrochoglanis ID EOL 26072
Batrochoglanis ID NCBI 390399
Batrochoglanis imagine Batrochoglanis vilosus.jpg
Batrochoglanis categoria in Commons Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis taxon nomen Batrochoglanis, auctor descriptionis Theodorus Gill, annus descriptionis 1858
Batrochoglanis ordo genus
Batrochoglanis parens Pimelodidae
Batrochoglanis est taxon
Batrochoglanis imago Batrochoglanis vilosus.jpg
Batrochoglanis siglum Freebase /m/02rlr9d
Batrochoglanis categoria apud Communia Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis
рід риб
Batrochoglanis наукова назва таксона Batrochoglanis, автор таксона Теодор Гілл, дата наукового опису 1858
Batrochoglanis таксономічний ранг рід
Batrochoglanis батьківський таксон Pimelodidae
Batrochoglanis є одним із таксон
Batrochoglanis номер у ITIS 679553
Batrochoglanis ідентифікатор WoRMS 268515
Batrochoglanis ідентифікатор EOL 26072
Batrochoglanis ідентифікатор у GBIF 2344094
Batrochoglanis ідентифікатор NCBI 390399
Batrochoglanis ідентифікатор IRMNG 1206323
Batrochoglanis ідентифікатор таксона iNaturalist 86912
Batrochoglanis зображення Batrochoglanis vilosus.jpg
Batrochoglanis ідентифікатор Microsoft Academic 2780102321
Batrochoglanis ідентифікатор Freebase /m/02rlr9d
Batrochoglanis ідентифікатор таксона BOLD 97809
Batrochoglanis ідентифікатор Plazi E416FAFB-7837-A802-C5E3-7F98915484B4
Batrochoglanis категорія Вікісховища Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis UMLS CUI C1939655
Batrochoglanis ідентифікатор Open Tree of Life 210230
Batrochoglanis
xéneru de pexes
Batrochoglanis nome del taxón Batrochoglanis, data de publicación del nome de taxón 1858
Batrochoglanis categoría taxonómica xéneru
Batrochoglanis taxón inmediatamente superior Pimelodidae
Batrochoglanis instancia de taxón
Batrochoglanis identificador ITIS 679553
Batrochoglanis identificador EOL 26072
Batrochoglanis identificador taxonómicu NCBI 390399
Batrochoglanis imaxe Batrochoglanis vilosus.jpg
Batrochoglanis identificador en Freebase /m/02rlr9d
Batrochoglanis categoría de Commons Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis
géineas iasc
Batrochoglanis ainm an tacsóin Batrochoglanis, údar an tacsóin Theodore Gill, bliain inar foilsíodh ainm eolaíoch an tacsóin 1858
Batrochoglanis rang an tacsóin géineas
Batrochoglanis máthairthacsón Pimelodidae
Batrochoglanis sampla de tacsón
Batrochoglanis íomhá Batrochoglanis vilosus.jpg
Batrochoglanis catagóir Commons Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis
gen de pești
Batrochoglanis nume științific Batrochoglanis, anul publicării taxonului 1858
Batrochoglanis rang taxonomic gen
Batrochoglanis taxon superior Pimelodidae
Batrochoglanis este un/o taxon
Batrochoglanis identificator EOL 26072
Batrochoglanis identificator Global Biodiversity Information Facility 2344094
Batrochoglanis imagine Batrochoglanis vilosus.jpg
Batrochoglanis identificator Freebase /m/02rlr9d
Batrochoglanis categorie la Commons Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis
género de peixes
Batrochoglanis nome do táxon Batrochoglanis, autor do táxon Theodore Nicholas Gill, data de descrição científica 1858
Batrochoglanis categoria taxonómica género
Batrochoglanis táxon imediatamente superior Pimelodidae
Batrochoglanis instância de táxon
Batrochoglanis número de série taxonômico do ITIS 679553
Batrochoglanis identificador World Register of Marine Species 268515
Batrochoglanis identificador Encyclopedia of Life 26072
Batrochoglanis identificador Global Biodiversity Information Facility 2344094
Batrochoglanis identificador taxonomia NCBI 390399
Batrochoglanis IRMNG ID 1206323
Batrochoglanis imagem Batrochoglanis vilosus.jpg
Batrochoglanis identificador Microsoft Academic 2780102321
Batrochoglanis identificador Freebase /m/02rlr9d
Batrochoglanis categoria da Commons Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis naukowa nazwa taksonu Batrochoglanis, autor nazwy naukowej taksonu Theodore Nicholas Gill, data opisania naukowego 1858
Batrochoglanis kategoria systematyczna rodzaj
Batrochoglanis takson nadrzędny mandiowate
Batrochoglanis jest to takson
Batrochoglanis ITIS TSN 679553
Batrochoglanis identyfikator Światowego Rejestru Gatunków Morskich 268515
Batrochoglanis identyfikator EOL 26072
Batrochoglanis identyfikator GBIF 2344094
Batrochoglanis identyfikator NCBI 390399
Batrochoglanis identyfikator IRMNG 1206323
Batrochoglanis identyfikator iNaturalist 86912
Batrochoglanis ilustracja Batrochoglanis vilosus.jpg
Batrochoglanis identyfikator w Microsoft Academic 2780102321
Batrochoglanis identyfikator Freebase /m/02rlr9d
Batrochoglanis identyfikator Plazi E416FAFB-7837-A802-C5E3-7F98915484B4
Batrochoglanis kategoria Commons Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis identyfikator pojęcia w UMLS C1939655
Batrochoglanis identyfikator Open Tree of Life 210230
Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis tên phân loại Batrochoglanis, tác giả đơn vị phân loại Theodore Nicholas Gill, ngày được miêu tả trong tài liệu khoa học 1858
Batrochoglanis cấp bậc phân loại chi
Batrochoglanis đơn vị phân loại mẹ Họ Cá nheo râu dài
Batrochoglanis là một đơn vị phân loại
Batrochoglanis TSN ITIS 679553
Batrochoglanis WoRMS-ID 268515
Batrochoglanis ID Bách khoa toàn thư Sự sống 26072
Batrochoglanis định danh GBIF 2344094
Batrochoglanis mã số phân loại NCBI 390399
Batrochoglanis ID IRMNG 1206323
Batrochoglanis ID ĐVPL iNaturalist 86912
Batrochoglanis hình ảnh Batrochoglanis vilosus.jpg
Batrochoglanis định danh Microsoft Academic 2780102321
Batrochoglanis định danh Freebase /m/02rlr9d
Batrochoglanis ID ĐVPL BOLD Systems 97809
Batrochoglanis ID Plazi E416FAFB-7837-A802-C5E3-7F98915484B4
Batrochoglanis thể loại ở Commons Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis
gjini e peshqëve
Batrochoglanis emri shkencor Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis instancë e takson
Batrochoglanis ITIS-TSN 679553
Batrochoglanis imazh Batrochoglanis vilosus.jpg
Batrochoglanis Freebase ID /m/02rlr9d
Batrochoglanis kategoria në Commons Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis tieteellinen nimi Batrochoglanis, taksonin auktori Theodore Nicholas Gill, tieteellisen kuvauksen päivämäärä 1858
Batrochoglanis taksonitaso suku
Batrochoglanis osa taksonia Antennimonnit
Batrochoglanis esiintymä kohteesta taksoni
Batrochoglanis ITIS-tunnistenumero 679553
Batrochoglanis WoRMS-tunniste 268515
Batrochoglanis Encyclopedia of Life -tunniste 26072
Batrochoglanis Global Biodiversity Information Facility -tunniste 2344094
Batrochoglanis NCBI-tunniste 390399
Batrochoglanis IRMNG-tunniste 1206323
Batrochoglanis iNaturalist-tunniste 86912
Batrochoglanis kuva Batrochoglanis vilosus.jpg
Batrochoglanis Microsoft Academic -tunniste 2780102321
Batrochoglanis Freebase-tunniste /m/02rlr9d
Batrochoglanis BOLD Systems -taksonitunniste 97809
Batrochoglanis Plazi-tunniste E416FAFB-7837-A802-C5E3-7F98915484B4
Batrochoglanis Commons-luokka Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis UMLS CUI C1939655
Batrochoglanis Open Tree of Life -tunniste 210230
Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis nom científic Batrochoglanis, autor taxonòmic Theodore Nicholas Gill, data de descripció científica 1858
Batrochoglanis categoria taxonòmica gènere
Batrochoglanis tàxon superior immediat Pimelòdid
Batrochoglanis instància de tàxon
Batrochoglanis identificador ITIS 679553
Batrochoglanis identificador WoRMS 268515
Batrochoglanis categoria principal Categoria:Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis identificador Encyclopedia of Life 26072
Batrochoglanis identificador GBIF 2344094
Batrochoglanis identificador NCBI 390399
Batrochoglanis identificador IRMNG de tàxon 1206323
Batrochoglanis identificador iNaturalist de tàxon 86912
Batrochoglanis imatge Batrochoglanis vilosus.jpg
Batrochoglanis identificador Microsoft Academic 2780102321
Batrochoglanis identificador Freebase /m/02rlr9d
Batrochoglanis identificador BOLD Systems de tàxon 97809
Batrochoglanis identificador Plazi E416FAFB-7837-A802-C5E3-7F98915484B4
Batrochoglanis categoria de Commons Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis UMLS CUI C1939655
Batrochoglanis identificador Open Tree of Life 210230
Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis nom scientific Batrochoglanis, data de descripcion scientifica 1858
Batrochoglanis reng taxonomic genre
Batrochoglanis taxon superior Pimelodidae
Batrochoglanis natura de l'element taxon
Batrochoglanis identificant ITIS 679553
Batrochoglanis identificant WoRMS 268515
Batrochoglanis identificant Encyclopedia of Life 26072
Batrochoglanis identificant GBIF 2344094
Batrochoglanis identificant NCBI 390399
Batrochoglanis identificant de taxon iNaturalist 86912
Batrochoglanis imatge Batrochoglanis vilosus.jpg
Batrochoglanis identificant Freebase /m/02rlr9d
Batrochoglanis categoria Commons Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis UMLS CUI C1939655
Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis nome do taxon Batrochoglanis, autor do taxon Theodore Nicholas Gill, data de descrición científica 1858
Batrochoglanis categoría taxonómica xénero
Batrochoglanis taxon superior inmediato Pimelodidae
Batrochoglanis instancia de taxon
Batrochoglanis identificador ITIS 679553
Batrochoglanis identificador WoRMS 268515
Batrochoglanis identificador EOL 26072
Batrochoglanis identificador GBIF 2344094
Batrochoglanis identificador NCBI 390399
Batrochoglanis identificador IRMNG de taxon 1206323
Batrochoglanis identificador iNaturalist dun taxon 86912
Batrochoglanis imaxe Batrochoglanis vilosus.jpg
Batrochoglanis identificador Microsoft Academic 2780102321
Batrochoglanis identificador Freebase /m/02rlr9d
Batrochoglanis identificador BOLD Systems de taxon 97809
Batrochoglanis identificador Plazi E416FAFB-7837-A802-C5E3-7F98915484B4
Batrochoglanis categoría en Commons Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis UMLS CUI C1939655
Batrochoglanis identificador Open Tree of Life 210230
Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis
gênero de peixes
Batrochoglanis nome taxológico Batrochoglanis, autor do táxon Theodore Nicholas Gill, data de descrição científica 1858
Batrochoglanis categoria taxonômica gênero
Batrochoglanis táxon imediatamente superior Pimelodidae
Batrochoglanis instância de táxon
Batrochoglanis identificador ITIS 679553
Batrochoglanis identificador WoRMS 268515
Batrochoglanis identificador EOL 26072
Batrochoglanis identificador GBIF 2344094
Batrochoglanis identificador NCBI 390399
Batrochoglanis imagem Batrochoglanis vilosus.jpg
Batrochoglanis identificador Microsoft Academic 2780102321
Batrochoglanis categoria na Commons Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis magod Batrochoglanis vilosus.jpg
Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis santu Batrochoglanis vilosus.jpg
Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis instancia de Taxón
Batrochoglanis imachen Batrochoglanis vilosus.jpg
Batrochoglanis Categoría en Commons Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis izen zientifikoa Batrochoglanis, taxoiaren autoritatea Theodore Gill, deskribapen zientifikoaren data 1858
Batrochoglanis maila taxonomikoa genero
Batrochoglanis goiko maila taxonomikoa Pimelodidae
Batrochoglanis honako hau da taxon
Batrochoglanis ITIS-en identifikadorea 679553
Batrochoglanis WoRMS-en identifikatzailea 268515
Batrochoglanis EOL-en identifikatzailea 26072
Batrochoglanis GBIFen identifikatzailea 2344094
Batrochoglanis NCBI-ren identifikatzailea 390399
Batrochoglanis IRMNG identifikatzailea 1206323
Batrochoglanis iNaturalist identifikatzailea 86912
Batrochoglanis irudia Batrochoglanis vilosus.jpg
Batrochoglanis Microsoft Academic identifikatzailea 2780102321
Batrochoglanis Freebase-ren identifikatzailea /m/02rlr9d
Batrochoglanis Commons-eko kategoria Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis UMLS CUI C1939655
Batrochoglanis Open Tree of Life identifikatzailea 210230
Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis taksonomia nomo Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis taksonomia rango genro
Batrochoglanis supera taksono Pimelodidae
Batrochoglanis estas taksono
Batrochoglanis ITIS-TSN 679553
Batrochoglanis identigilo laŭ Enciklopedio de Vivo 26072
Batrochoglanis taksonomia identigilo NCBI 390399
Batrochoglanis numero en iNaturalist 86912
Batrochoglanis bildo Batrochoglanis vilosus.jpg
Batrochoglanis numero en Microsoft Academic 2780102321
Batrochoglanis identigilo de Freebase /m/02rlr9d
Batrochoglanis Komuneja kategorio Batrochoglanis
Batrochoglanis UMLS CUI C1939655
Batrochoglanis
genero di fishi
Batrochoglanis imajo Batrochoglanis vilosus.jpg
Batrochoglanis Identifikilo (ID) de Freebase /m/02rlr9d
Batrochoglanis kategorio di Commons Batrochoglanis | 15,783 |
governorswhohave0000unse_9 | English-PD | Open Culture | Public Domain | 1,921 | Governors who have been, and other public men of Texas | Kittrell, Norman G. (Norman Goree), 1849-1927 | English | Spoken | 7,465 | 9,517 | If any merchant in this day and time were to do the same thing, a thousand “certified accountants” would proceed to prove that he was headed for hopeless bankruptcy, yet that old Texas pioneer and patriot, living much of the time a hundred miles from a railroad, in a village amid the primeval forests of East Texas, built up and transmitted to his worthy posterity a hand- some estate. Cc. B. STEWART. Dr. C. B. Stewart of Montgomery County, was another signer of the Texas Declaration of Independence. He lived for many years in Montgomery County, and died there. I am under the impression that he left quite a large landed es- tate. I have seen him often. He was very deaf, and always car- ried an ear trumpet, almost as large as a trombone. He was a man of high character, and commanded universal confidence and respect. I have no doubt that if it were possible to take the names of the fifty-three signers of the Declaration of Independence, and study their characters and trace their careers, there would be revealed, as to most of them, if not all of them, that they were efficient, honorable men, and worthy citizens. There is a substantial basis for such belief. In the first place, none but courageous, virile, self-reliant men ever go out as pio- neers into a vast unknown and untenanted domain, for the pur- pose of subduing it to the purposes of civilization and establish- ing free and stable government. It is only that character of men who are ready and willing to dare the dangers, and endure the hardships involved in such an undertaking, and success is dependent upon mutual fidelity and honor upon the part of all who unite for such a purpose. It requires, too, practical men to achieve success in such an undertaking. They must needs be men with vision, of course, but possessed also of the ability, judgment, and foresight to translate their visions into realities. The man who is devoid of physical or moral courage, or who is a seer of visions and a dreamer of dreams, but is without practical ability, has no place in such a body of men. Those fifty-three men on the banks of the Brazos on March 2, 1836, representing at the outside only about 30,000 people, threw down the gauntlet of defiance to a nation of 7,000,000, and de- clared that they were and had the right to be free and inde- pendent; and they made that declaration good seven weeks later. Such men had the courage and judgment and efficiency neces- sary to success in any field of activity, and it is not surprising 136 GOVERNORS WHO HAVE BEEN that they not only achieved success in the sphere of business en- terprise, and left a posterity worthy of such an ancestry, but left to that posterity legacies of great material value, but of less value, and less to be esteemed, than is their example of patriotism, cour- age and fidelity to duty. THE FISHERS, BRYANS, AUSTIN, BEE AND CROCKETT. Another signer of the Declaration of Independence was S. Rhoads Fisher, who came to Texas in the early days. He bore an active and useful part in the establishment of the Republic and in formulating its policies. He was a man of liberal learning, and literary culture, and a gentleman by birth and breed- ing. He and General Sam Houston had some differences at one time over some public question, and he sent the General a chal- lenge to fight a duel, but the matter was adjusted in some honor- able way, and the cordial personal relations of the two as they existed before, were entirely restored, and were never again disturbed. The duello was not an unheard of method of settling questions of differences in those days. As I recall, from either having heard it or read of it. General Felix Huston and General Albert Sidney Johnston fought a duel at a very early day, and General Johnston was wounded in the hip. It is said that General Houston fought a duel in Tennessee with one Judge White, who was so dangerously wounded as to have made his recovery doubtful for a long time, and it may have been that fact which influenced General Houston to not desire to again adopt that method of settling a personal difference. Personally, I have always believed that a duel -was a most fool- ish way to determine any question, and no duellist ever chal- lenged my admiration, but many better men than I am, were earnest advocates of the practice. I am told that that brilliant man, Henry A. Wise of Virginia, believed in the duel to the last day of his life. ; It took more courage, in my judgment, to decline a challenge than it did to fight one, when the custom prevailed of fighting duels. A friend of mine, who served under General Forrest, per- haps as a courier on his staff, told me that General Earl Van Dorn, a fiery, hot-blooded Southern soldier, once challenged Gen- eral Forrest to a duel. General Forrest said: “General Van Dorn, no man doubts your courage or mine, and it is not necessary for us to go out and shoot, or shoot at, each other to prove our courage. Furthermore, there is an army of the enemy of our common country in front of us, and it is our duty to fight it, and not each other, therefore, your challenge is declined.” AND OTHER PUBLIC MEN OF TEXAS 137 Nathan Bedford Forrest was the greatest cavalry leader the world ever saw, and was courage incarnate, but never, when he rode with nodding plume and flashing saber amid the hell and hail of battle, as he did on many a bloody field, did he display a higher type of courage than when he declined the challenge of his younger fellow soldier. S. Rhoads Fisher was the father of Rhoads Fisher, who was for sO many years connected with the General Land Office of Texas, and who died in the comparatively recent past, and whose son Hon. Lewis Fisher, was, for a number of years, the very efficient judge of one of the District Courts of Galveston, and later was Mayor of that city. Judge Fisher’s wife is the granddaughter of James Wilmer Dallam, the reporter of Dallam’s decisions. So far as my knowledge, acquired either by reading or by tradi- tion, or otherwise, extends, the descendants of every Texas vet- eran have reflected credit on their ancestry. The interpreter between Santa Anna and Sam Houston, as the latter lay wounded on the battle field of San Jacinto, was Moses Austin Bryan. He lived to a ripe old age, respected and venerated by all who knew him. One of his sons was, for a number of years, Judge of the 21st Judicial District of Texas, and another son, Louis R. Bryan, has been President of the Texas State Bar Association and is now a resident of Houston, and is one of the most efficient and capable lawyers at the bar of Texas. The son of L. R. Bryan, L. R. Bryan, Jr., now assistant cash- jer of the Lumbermans National Bank of Houston, sprang to an- swer his country’s call and went overseas and took his place where death held high carnival, and stayed until the last shot was fired. He bore himself as might have been expected of one in whose veins runs the blood of the patriot, Moses Austin Bryan, his pa- ternal grandfather, and the blood of that princely gentleman, Chauncey B. Shepard, his maternal grandfather, and one who was of the same race and lineage of that knightly soul, Seth Shepard, who, when a mere boy, went out to do battle in defense of his native Southland. There is one name connected with Texas history which stands pre-eminent in the calendar of Texas patriots, that of Stephen F. Austin who, Sam Houston said, was justly entitled to be called “The Father of Texas.” He was never married, and died at a comparatively early age, but he had sisters, or at least one sister, who came to Texas at a very early day and his collateral kindred have always been and are yet among the worthiest citizenship of Texas. The names of the Perry and the Bryan families, all of whom were of his kin 138 GOVERNORS WHO HAVE BEEN by consanguinity or affinity, have always been synonyms of social and moral worth, and exalted character. My friend, Hon. E. T. Branch, Criminal District Attorney of Harris County, a grandson of a noble Texas pioneer, gave me, a few years ago, a number of autograph letters of Stephen F. Aus- tin, which I cherish as a treasure beyond all price. One of the letters, written to a relative, I believe a sister, re- veals that he was urged to go to Mexico City to endeavor by ne- gotiations with the administration of the republic of Mexico, of which Texas, a Mexican State, was then a part, to get relief from certain oppressive government regulations, the exact nature of which I do not now recall, and the letter is not at hand as I write. He said he did not want to go, but wanted to settle down on his farm near his sister and rest, and was further desirous of not undertaking the journey, because it would cost him much money, which he would not be able to get back. On the margin of the letter there is written in pencil by some relative a memorandum to the effect that the money was never returned. He made the journey—not in Pullman cars, paying 3 cents a mile, and getting 20 cents from his government—but went across trackless plains, haunted by savages, through primeval forests, and miasmatic swamps on a mission of patriotism, and the hall of his reception was a dungeon, and he came back broken in health, and. soon passed away. He was essentially a Texas pioneer, though never a Governor or judge or general, yet but for him and his compatriots, there would have been no Texas such as there is today. They gave Texas to the world, and with their own hands, nerved by their brave hearts, wrote their own glorious record. Yet there are people, even in Texas, who speak of them with ill- concealed sneers, yet the names of those who made possible this imperial commonwealth will live in song and story when those who disparage their achievements, shall have sunk into an obliv- ion from which no trumpet will ever awake them to resurrec- tion. : His nephew, Hon. Guy Morrison Bryan, whom I knew, and who was a most estimable gentleman, was elected to the Legislature of Texas in 1848, to the State Senate a few years later, to Congress in 1857, and was Speaker of the House of Representatives of Texas in 1873, and again a member of the House in 1878. He married a daughter of William H. Jack, who fought at the Battle of San Jacinto as a private and later achieved distinction in official station, and at the bar. His son, Guy M. Bryan, Jr., a grand-nephew of Stephen F. Aus- tin, is an executive officer of one of the leading banks of Hous- ton, and a justly respected citizen. AND OTHER PUBLIC MEN OF TEXAS 139 General Hamilton P. Bee came to Texas at 15 years of age, when his father, Bernard E. Bee, was holding the position of Sec- retary of War of the Republic. His brother, Bernard E. Bee, christened General T. J. Jackson “Stonewall,” just before he (General Bee) while leading his in- trepid South Carolinians and waving his gleaming sword, pre- sented to him by the State of South Carolina, fell at first Manassas. General Hamilton P. Bee was Speaker of the House of Repre- sentatives of Texas at 34 years of age—a position to which my father helped elect him. He was a gallant Confederate soldier, and a cultured gentleman. As late as the administration of Governor Ireland he served as Commissioner of Insurance, Statistics and History. His son, Carlos P. Bee, has filled the position of District Attor- ney and State Senator, and is now a member of Congress from Texas. I did not, and do not cherish the purpose to elaborate on this special theme, but it seems to me to be germane to my main theme of Governors, Legislators and Jurists, to show what manner of men those were who transmitted to us so splendid a heritage. By the operation of the same divine and unerring law which transmits the penalties for ill-lived lives and blessings for lives lived uprightly and in the fear of God “to the third and fourth generations” the splendid qualities and sturdy virtues which made noble and admirable the characters of their fathers have been transmitted to the descendants of the early pioneers of Texas, and have so dowered them that they have stood every test of service, and proved themselves worthy sons of noble sires. It may be thought by some who read these pages, that I stress too greatly the subject of the early Texas pioneers, and some reader may infer that I claim descent from some one of that heroic band, but I do not. I came to Texas, an infant in my mother’s arms, long after they had wrought their great work, but I would deem myself unwor- thy to be a Texan if I did not appreciate their great achieve- ments. and admire their noble characters. They were brave soldiers, unselfish patriots, farseeing states- men, endowed with great constructive ability, and they left to those of us who now live and generations yet unborn, the richest, noblest heritage ever bequeathed by valor and statesmanship to coming generations. I regret that I can not clam to be “kindred to the blood” of any of them, but I am proud to be able to say that my three sons are the great nephews and my three daughters the great nieces of Davy Crockett. I had rather they should be of kin to him than to any king or prince that ever wielded a scepter, or wore a crown. 140 GOVERNORS WHO HAVE BEEN He wore a coonskin hunting cap, and a buckskin hunting shirt, but that coonskin cap covered a clear brain and a level head, and under that buckskin hunting shirt, throbbed as heroic a heart as ever poured out its rich, red blood that liberty might live. He was not cultured nor highly educated, but he lived uprightly and wrought nobly. He was one of the bold, brave leaders who blazed the way for the advancing cohorts of. civilization and progress. He lived as became a man, in the highest sense of that term, and like a man, he died. He fell fighting to the last at the foot of a statue of the Prince of Peace, within the consecrated walls of the Alamo, and of him it can be truly said: “He taught men how to live, and Oh, too high A price for knowledge, taught men how to die.” That man, I care not who he may be, that speaks, or even thinks, in terms of disparagement of the fathers and founders of Texas, is unworthy to share in the fruits of their faithful services and heroic sacrifices; and ought to take his feet off the soil they con- secrated by their devotion and hallowed by their blood, and go elsewhere to live, if he purposes to longer cumber the earth with his unworthy presence. AND OTHER PUBLIC MEN OF TEXAS 141 EAST TEXAS MEN. CHAPTER XXIV. I have never enjoyed an extensive acquaintance in North Texas, but was reared in the piney woods of East Texas. It has been my good fortune to know many of the prominent men of that sec- tion, which was settled and in the enjoyment of many of the benefits and blessings of civilization and refined society, when the red man roamed over North, Northwest and West Texas, but now those parts of Texas which were settled last, have developed with marvelous rapidity, and a great future for them is kindling in splendor. If time and space permitted, it would be a pleasure to deal with the name of every East Texas man who has held public po- sition. The list is worthy of being perpetuated, though writing wholly from memory, I may omit some as worthy as were those I remember, and I shall not undertake to name all of those. I never saw General Thomas J. Rusk, so far as I know. His career ended when I was a mere child. He commanded a wing of the Texas Army at San Jacinto, and when Texas became a part of the Union, represented her in the United States Senate, and at the time of his death, was Chairman of the Committee on Postoffices and Postroads. His home was in Nacogdoches. Frank W. Bowden was, I believe, from Anderson County, and I once heard Governor Roberts say he was the most eloquent man ever in Texas. Colonel Frank B. Sexton of Marshall, but later of El Paso, was a typical Southern gentleman, of stately, courtly manners and the highest personal character. He was elected to the Confederate Congress during the war be- tween the states, and was for many years attorney of the T. & P. Railway. He was a contemporary at the bar of that able lawyer Wm. Stedman of Marshall, whose mantle as a lawyer descended upon the worthy shoulders of his son, N. A. Stedman, who served at one time on the Railroad Commission, and also as District Judge at Fort Worth, and has for a number of years, represented the allied railway interests of Texas. Tyler is by no means a large city, and until within the com- paratively recent past had hardly arrived at the dignity of a city, but it has furnished to the bar of Texas a greater number of able lawyers than has any single town or city within my knowledge in proportion to its population: Micajah H. Bonner, G. W. Chil- ton, John M. Duncan, one of the most graceful and skillful trial 142 GOVERNORS WHO HAVE BEEN lawyers that ever appeared before me; Cone Johnson, lawyer and orator; Horace Chilton, John L. Henry, Tignal W. Jones, John C. Robertson, Sawnie Robertson, H. G. Robertson, T. N. Jones, N. W. Finley, one of the ablest judges ever on the bench of the Civil Appeals Court; Henry B. Marsh, W. S. Herndon, J. S. Hogg, R. B. Hubbard, and A. G. McIlwaine and J. M. Edwards are, or ‘were, all Tyler men, and there is not one of the list who is not above the average in legal ability, while some are, or were, among the ablest lawyers at the bar of Texas. Even in the small towns, mere villages, were able lawyers. Colonel E. B. Pickett, once Lieutenant Governor, and Hon. Chas. L. Cleveland, both lived at Liberty. The latter was at one time District Judge, later a partner for many years in Galveston of Asa Hoxie Willie, and died in the office of Criminal District Judge of Harris and Galveston Counties. I was in Houston when he died, having gone there to sit for him during his illness. Both Colonel Pickett and Judge Cleveland were able lawyers and E. B. Pickett, Jr., grandson of Colonel Pickett, who may proberly be called E. B. Pickett III, is a young lawyer of recog- nized ability. Judge Jas. A. Baker and Leonard A. Abercrombie were both from Huntsville and both were able lawyers. Judge Baker was, during the Civil War, judge of the same district of which Judge Peter W. Gray was judge prior to the war. He, after the war, about 1872, became a partner of Judge Gray, and the firm of Gray, Botts & Baker by the death of all the original partners, and the accession of others, is now the firm of Baker, Botts, Parker & Garwood. At one time or another nearly every member of the firm has practiced before me, and all without exception, have demonstrated marked efficiency as lawyers. I heard the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Texas say re- cently that a case in which Jesse Andrews, Esq., of the firm ap- peared on one, the winning side, and Morris R. Locke, Esq., of Dallas, on the other, prepared the briefs, was the best briefed case he had ever examined, and other appellate judges who han- dled the record, have told me the same. The head of the firm, Captain Jas. A. Baker, combines legal knowledge, the ability to advise wisely, and rare financial ability, a most unusual combination. I have frequently recalled a remark made to me by Judge Baker before I began to practice law, to the effect that he meant to train his son for the corporation practice, as it was “destined to be the future field of profitable practice.” The language was prophetic, as the statement was made before Judge Baker went to Houston to live. The son is now the executive head of a firm which was, in a large sense, founded by an East Texas lawyer, AND OTHER PUBLIC MEN OF TEXAS 143 which firm represents more corporate and commercial interests than any other in Texas, if not in the South. I knew Judge Baker from my earliest boyhood. He and my father were near neighbors and close friends. Both were fond of good company, were famous raconteurs, and Judge Baker played the violin beautifully, and was a man of great social charm. Leonard A. Abercrombie resigned the office of District Attor- ney to enter the Confederate Army, in which he held the rank of Lieutenant Colonel, and from which he returned utterly impov- erished. He was, take him all in all, one of the ablest, most re- sourceful and skillful trial lawyers in civil or criminal cases I ever saw. I read law in his office, and he practiced law before me for nearly seven years, and was a courtly gentleman of the most exalted character, and the most faithful friend ever a man had. One of the Judges of the Court of Criminal Appeals nominated at Galveston in 1876 after the enactment of the Constitution which created the Court, was Malcolm D. Ector of Marshall, Texas. He was one of the 20th District Judges who were removed from office in 1867. He commanded a brigade in the Confederate Army and lost a leg above the knee in one of the bloody battles in Tennessee, probably the battle of Franklin. His nomination was part of the fruits of the appeal made by Geo. P. Finlay for recognition and reward of Confederate Vet- erans, to which I referred to in a previous chapter. He was an elegant gentleman, and served most efficiently as Presiding Judge of the Court until the fall of 1879, when he died, and was suc- ceeded by Hon. George Clark, who was appointed by Governor Roberts. In August, 1880, Judge Clark was defeated at Dallas by the Hon. Jas. M. Hurt. It is said when Judge Roberts heard the result of the balloting, he said: “I can beat ’em making judges.” I think it very likely that he, like myself, had never heard of Judge Hurt before, for experience soon demonstrated that though a very able man was defeated, the one who was selected made a great judge. © ROBERT M. WILLIAMSON. There will be in all likelihood many who will read this humble volume who will not recognize the man, the outlines of whose life and character are the theme of this sketch, by the name which heads it. If I had used the phrase “Three-Legged Willie,” there would be few who vould not at once identify the subject. When he first arrived in Texas he was called “Mr. Willie.” After James Willie came, he and R. M. Williamson were boon companions. James 144 GOVERNORS WHO HAVE BEEN Willie was an older brother of the late Asa Hoxie Willie who was, from 1882 to 1888, the most efficient Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Texas. James Willie at one time, was Attorney General of the State, and was the author of the Criminal Code and Code of Criminal Procedure of Texas, which is surpassed by no work of the kind in all the range of the literature of the criminal law. When a boy about 15 years of age, R. M. Williamson suffered an attack of white swelling in his left leg, with the result that the leg was bent back from the knee, and from the knee down he had a wooden leg. That affliction is clearly revealed by an examination of the full length portrait of him which hangs in the Senate Chamber of Texas. To distinguish him from “Jim Willie’ the Mexicans called him “Mr. Three-Legged Willie,’ which sobriquet was commonly adopted, and he was so known until his death. Many people did not even know that his real name was “Williamson.” I confess that I did not know that fact until many years after he had passed away. I do not know with what measure of accuracy the portrait referred to portrays the real man, but it clearly reveals a dominant, forceful character, and it is sure that his “counterfeit” presentment fitly fills a place in the Valhalla of Texas heroes. Robert M. Williamson, though born in Georgia, came to Texas from Alabama in 1826. In that day the code duello was recog- nized and all differences involving questions of honor were set- tled among gentlemen in accordance with its provisions, and on the field of honor young Williamson fatally wounded his antag- onist, who had committed the one offense, which in that day and time, was, and it is to be hoped yet is, unforgivable—that of in- dulging in remarks which reflected upon the moral character of a young lady. Robert M. Williamson was, in a large sense, a fair type of the intelligent, resourceful, efficient pioneer, but he was not an ordinary pioneer, who was content with a few cattle, and a free range, and hunting and fishing opportunities ad libitum, for he was in no sense an ordinary man. His vision was broad, and he aspired to worthy achievements. It may be appropriate to set forth in this connection my views concerning the leaders among the early Texans for whose char- acters and achievements my admiration is intense. There were many remarkable men who came to Texas at a very early day—men, who by reason of their courage, intellect and force of character, would have left the impress of their per- sonality upon any country in any age of the world. Coming as they did into a territory covering an area of more than 350,000 square miles, and with less than one inhabitant to each ten AND OTHER PUBLIC MEN OF TEXAS 145 square miles, they of course ventured into a virgin realm, and were pioneers in the fullest and truest sense of that term. They knew when they prepared to come that they would be compelled to face dangers and undergo hardships, and be com- pelled to live among crude surroundings in so far as concerned their places of residence and their local environment. They knew that the conveniences and comforts of life would be few, and that of luxuries there would be none. They knew, too, they would have not only to establish homes, but organize a govern- ment. Any man who entertains the view that the men who laid the foundations of Texas were rude, reckless, ignorant adven- turers, embarking on, so to speak, a pioneering lark, because they either thirsted for excitement, or desired to reap profit by ex- ploitation of a new land, sadly errs. They came to Texas because they were far-seeing men. They rightly reasoned that a realm of such marvelous resources was destined to be settled speedily and afford homes in the course of one or more generations to many millions of people, and the splendid, but practical vision that filled their waking dreams has become a marvelous reality. We, of this generation, are their debtors, as heirs to the heritage which they bequeathed us. There are many people who find it hard to believe that as far back as 1826—nearly a century ago—when Judge Williamson came to Texas, there were really any men of classical education, statesmanlike capacity, oratorical power, or legal ability to be found here, or that such men came here until many years later. Such people seem unable to associate culture, ability and capacity for legislation and organization with virgin forests and tents and log cabins and the general crudeness which characterizes all pioneer settlements. They seem to think that civilization and all the refinements and luxuries which wealth make possible are necessary to intellectual development, and the production of statesmen, whereas the con- trary is true. The enervating influences and habits of modern- day society do not call into full play those qualities which make for constructive statesmanship. Statesmen who would have re- flected honor upon any legislative assembly in the world lived in the early days of Texas in log cabins with wives who would have graced the courts of kings. In rude court houses built of logs, and not infrequently before juries who sat on the ground under the shade of forest trees, pio- neer Texas lawyers delivered speeches as great in all the ele- ments of oratory as are any of those perpetuated in rare volumes as the greatest specimens of orators in bygone ages. The slightest intelligent reflection cannot fail to show that it was impossible for the work wrought in Texas between 1825 and 1845 to have been the work of any but able, far-seeing, progres- 146 GOVERNORS WHO HAVE BEEN sive, courageous men, who were familiar with the fundamental principles of right and justice upon which alone free govern- ment can safely rest. In the ranks of those who undertook to open to civilization a virgin realm covering so vast an area, there was no place for the intellectual, physical or moral weakling. It was, if a slang phrase be permissible, essentially ‘‘a man’s job.” In this connection, I take the liberty to borrow my own lan- guage used in an address once delivered by me before a joint ses- sion of the legislature of Texas on “Sam Houston: Virginian- Tennessean-Texan.” “Only such men as I have named could have achieved the task which they so successfully accomplished. Primeval forests filled with wild beasts and almost limitless plains over which bloodthirsty savages roamed in unhampered freedom, offered no attraction to small men, or to men who lacked in either physical or moral courage. The weak and hesi- tant man never pioneers, but waits until his bolder fellows have blazed the way and opened the path for the army of progress. Such men as I have named were not only courageous men, but they were men of education, culture and capacity for participa- tion in the affairs of government. They were endowed with the elements of leadership, and were so intellectually and morally gifted as to be able to leave to posterity a record of achievement in the sphere of statesmanship rarely excelled in any age, and enduring proof that they were as far-seeing, efficient and patri- otic statesmen as ever laid the foundation, shaped the policies, or directed the destinies of a new nation.” Robert M. Williamson made a place here for himself, which was peculiarly his own, and kept it to his life’s end. Nature had endowed him with rare qualities and gifts. He was the personi- fication of independence, was courage incarnate, and possessed in a pre-eminent measure that “divine afflatus” which is as surely the dowry of the orator as it is of the poet; and was given the fairly earned title of “the Patrick Henry of Texas.” He. held, before the republic was organized, the position of Alcalde, and after the republic came into existence, was one of the first district judges and ex-officio a member of the first Supreme Court. He lived first in East Texas, later at Old Wash- ington, where the Declaration of Texas Independence was signed, and died in Wharton, Texas, in 1859. The time which, but for his physical infirmity, he would doubtless have given in large part to youthful sports, he devoted to study, and was in consequence thoroughly familiar with the ancient Greek and Latin classics. The marvelous expansion of Texas as relates to her judiciary cannot be more strikingly shown than by the statement that under the Constitution of 1836, the judiciary consisted of a Supreme AND OTHER PUBLIC MEN OF TEXAS 147 Court and not exceeding eight District Courts, with one judge to each, and every District Judge was ex-officio a member of the Supreme Court, but no judge could sit as a Supreme Judge in any case which had been tried before him as District Judge. I have been informed that when the judiciary system was first organized there were only four judges of the Supreme Court, James Collingsworth being Chief Justice. Judge Williamson was one of the District Judges, but I am not able to say who the other two were. Later, the Chief Justice was T. J. Rusk and Judges Hemphill, Mills, Shelby, Jones, Hutchinson, Jack, Morris, Baylor, and Ochiltree were members of the court. When Chief Justice Rusk retired from the bench John Hemphill became Chief Justice. There are now approximately, if not fully, ninety District Courts and nine intermediate courts of Civil Appeals, a Supreme Court having jurisdiction of only civil cases, a Commission of Appeals to assist the Supreme Court, and a Court of Criminal Appeals. Any man who met the requirements of judicial position in the late thirties in East Texas had to possess a rare combination of qualities. He had to have ability, integrity and the highest type’ of courage, with all of which Judge Williamson was prodigally endowed. In those days most lawyers drank more or less, many to excess. It was considered by no means unethical for a lawyer at the bar to appear in court under the influence of strong drink. I have heard it said that on one occasion in a rude frontier court house a lawyer who had imbibed far too freely stated a proposition of law which did not at all commend itself to Judge Wiliamson; on the contrary, he deemed it wholly unsupported by either princi- ple or precedent. Such being his conviction, he said in his sharp, keen, penetrating tones: “Where do you find any law to sustain such a proposition?’ The bibulous barrister, reaching down to his side, drew out a dirk of prodigious length and driv- ing the point in the small pine table behind which he stood, said: “Hic!” There’s the law!” As quick as a flash, the judge dropped a six-shooter across the edge of the judge’s stand and said: “Yes, and by G—4d, here’s the Constitution.” The organic law prevailed on ‘that occasion. Like most, or at least many, men of great intellectual endowment and strong convictions, he was inclined to be intolerant of opposition, but fought out in the open against all opponents, fearing none. Very soon after the republic became a state, steps were taken to locate and build a penitentiary—a step to which for some rea- son Judge Williamson was strongly opposed. If I am correct in my recollection, the penitentiary was established at Huntsville in 1849. A very able member of the House from Galveston, who is yet 148 GOVERNORS WHO HAVE BEEN remembered there by the oldest citizens, championed the peniten- tiary bill, and had a safe majority in the House with him. The nearer Judge Williamson drew to defeat, and the more hopeless seemed the cause which he espoused, the fiercer his opposition grew, and the peroration of his final assault on the bill is said to have been in these words: “Mr. Speaker: If the gentleman is so anxious to have a penitentiary, he should be willing to get it the easiest and cheapest way possible, and I will point out the way. Fence in and cover over Galveston island, a long, low, sandy deso- late storm-swept and sea-bound waste, once the abode of Lafitte and his pirate band, and now the abiding place of the lordliest set of d d scoundrels these blue eyes ever blazed on.” Judge Williamson was one of the men who signed the first call for a convention to be held for the purpose of protesting against Mexican rule, and of taking steps to establish the Republic of Texas. The Mexican government offered a reward for the cap- ture of each of the signers, among whom were Francis Johnson and Lorenzo De Zavala. He participated in the opening fight of the revolution at Gonzales, and was a captain during the revolu- tion and took part in the Battle of San Jacinto, and was one of the framers of the Constitution of 1836. He held the first court ever held under that Constitution in his district, which extended from Washington County to San Augus- tine County, and held under the shade of a tree the first court ever held in the latter county. From 1840 to 1845, he was a mem- ber of the Congress of the Republic. He took part in enacting that provision setting apart to every head of a family a homestead, which could not be taken for debt, the first statute of the kind ever enacted by any legislative body in all the history of the world. He and his contemporaries and colleagues who directed the negotiations for annexation retained for Texas her ownership and sovereignty of all her public domain, one-half of which they set apart for the purpose of free public education of coming gen- erations The message of the then President of the Republic, the cultured and scholarly Lamar, ‘upon the subject of education was, and yet remains, a literary classic. They also provided in terms, which renders any interpreta- tion unnecessary, that Texas should never be divided without the sovereign consent of her own people—and the mathematics of humanity have no calculus to compute the time of the coming of the division of Texas, nor will the world ever behold the mournful spectacle of the suicide of a sovereign state. A son of Judge Williamson, Captain Willie Williamson, named for his father’s early day friend, James Willie, was a gallant Con- federate Captain when he had barely attained his majority, and was for many years after the close of the war between the states AND OTHER PUBLIC MEN OF TEXAS 149 a successful commercial traveler. I esteemed it a delightful privilege to be able to claim friendship with his noble wife and himself. His son, J. D. Williamson, a grandson of Judge Williamson, is one of the most efficient and successful members of the excep- tionably able bar of the city of Waco. Find them where you may, and in any sphere of professional or brsiness activity, the descendants of early Texans have always “maaoe good.” Those qualities which make for efficiency, insure success and inspire respect are inherited endowments, and rare- ly, if ever, has the law of heredity operated with greater cer- tainty than in the case of the descendants of the men whose names are honorably associated with that of the young republic which eventuated into the sovereign state, the imperial common- wealth of Texas, which every intelligent man knows is destined at some not far distant day to forcefully effect, if indeed it does not dominate, control and direct the industrial, commercial, economic and political destinies of this, the greatest nation ever on the earth. LOUIS T. WIGFALL. Another East Texas man who left the impress of his intellect and courage upon the era in which he lived, was Louis Treze- vant Wigfall, a much misunderstood man. If I am not mistaken, he lived in Harrison county. He and my father were members of the legislature at the same time. He was considered by many as a kind of “stormy petrel” in politics, who rejoiced in arousing and inflaming public sentiment on the se- cession question, and there were those who thought that beyond his ability as a stump speaker, he possessed no great degree of ability. Such an estimate was grossly erroneous. I have reason to know that among the Northern people he was looked upon as being one of the most (in their eyes) offensive secessionists. That he was a secessionist of the most ardent type there is no doubt, but when the die was cast and war came on he went to the front with Hood’s Brigade. I make the statement concerning how he was looked upon in the North on the faith of the following incident: I resided when beginning the practice of law in Galveston and was often the guest in the hospitable home of Hon. Wm. Pitt Bal- linger, then the nestor of the Texas Bar, a most estimable and delightful man. On one occasion the Hon. Samuel Freeman Miller, Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, was a visitor to that home -with his family for a week or more. If I am not mistaken, Judge Miller’s first wife was a sister of Judge Ballinger—in any event, they were warm personal friends. Judge Miller was an intense Republican in political belief, and, 150 GOVERNORS WHO HAVE BEEN using the term “smart” in the sense of intellectual, was one of the smartest men I ever met. He was, as all lawyers know, a great lawyer and a great judge. He was a physician, I have heard until he was 32 years of age, and within fifteen years from the time he put aside his pill bags was on the Supreme Bench of the United States. On one occasion in Judge Ballinger’s home they were discussing past events, including the war and secession, and finally Judge Miller said: “Oh, Ballinger, it is not surprising that you had secession and war and all your troubles when you had as lead- ers and Senators such blatherskites and demagogues as Wigfall and other men of his kind.” Judge Ballinger had never been a Democrat in political faith, and he was opposed to secession, but he was a patriot and stood by his people, and he did not let the attack on one of their leaders go unchallenged. It was really amusing to hear those two distinguished men quarrel like school- boys. Judge Ballinger countered on his guest by saying: ‘“Mil- ler, you don’t know what you are talking about. If there was one man who was essentially not a demagogue that man was Louis T. Wigfall. He was an aristocrat of aristocrats, and a patrician of patricians. “When he was a candidate before the Legislature for United States Senator he stood in the hall between the door of the House and Senate in company with a friend. As the legislators filed in he said to his friend: ‘A lot of those fellows are fine specimens of legislators to be vested with the power of electing a gentleman to the United States Senate.’ “The friend said: ‘Say, Wigfall, you are very indiscreet. Those men hold your political fate in their hands.’ He replied: ‘I don’t care a d n. The fact remains that a whole lot of ’em are copperas breeched hayseeds and have no business here.’ ” Every lawyer knows that the members of the Supreme Court of the United States have their own standard of judging of the ability - and distinction of a lawyer, and that is he must have appeared before them. “He has never been before us,” is a remark they frequently make, and the plain implication is therefore he cannot be much of a lawyer. Judge Ballinger knew that, so he continued: “Furthermore, Miller, you have never had a lawyer before you who was the intellectual superior of Louis T. Wigfall, nor one better prepared to present an able argument upon any question of law.” Judge Miller seemed much surprised at the statement, and I must confess it gave me a new conception of Mr. Wigfall, whom I had never known, and never saw but once, and that was a very Short time before his death in Galveston. One incident in the career of Judge Miller presented a striking illustration of the irony of fate. | 20,323 |
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US-201916257137-A_2 | USPTO | Open Government | Public Domain | 2,019 | None | None | English | Spoken | 2,061 | 8,047 | The following examples are detailed descriptions of methods ofpreparation and use of certain compounds/monomers, polymers andcompositions of the present invention. The detailed preparations fallwithin the scope of, and serve to exemplify, the more generallydescribed methods of preparation set forth above. The examples arepresented for illustrative purposes only, and are not intended as arestriction on the scope of the invention. As used in the examples andthroughout the specification the ratio of monomer to catalyst is basedon a mole to mole basis.
EXAMPLES
The following abbreviations have been used hereinbefore and hereafter indescribing some of the compounds, instruments and/or methods employed toillustrate certain of the embodiments of this invention:
PENB—5-phenethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene;NBBuNB—1,4-di(bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)butane;TD—1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-octahydro-1,4:5,8-dimethanonaphthalene;DCPD—3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-1H-4,7-methanoindene;NBEtOPhPh—5-(2-([1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yloxy)ethyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene;BuNB—5-butylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene;HexylNB—5-hexylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene;DecylNB—5-decylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene;Ru—I—1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenylimidazolidin-2-ylidene)(tricyclohexylphosphine)-(2-oxobenzylidene)ruthenium(VI)iodide; CPTX—1-chloro-4-propoxy-9H-thioxanthen-9-one; DSC—differentialscanning calorimetry; TGA—thermogravimetric analysis.
Various monomers as used herein are either commercially available or canbe readily prepared following the procedures as described in theco-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/253,980, filed Sep. 1,2016.
The following Examples demonstrate that the compositions of thisinvention are quite stable at 35° C. for several days and can veryreadily be mass polymerized by exposing to a suitable radiation asspecified below.
Example 1 Mass Polymerization of PENB
In a glass bottle, Ru—I (0.0046 g, 0.005 mmol) and CPTX (0.0030 g 0.01mmol) were dissolved in PENB (10 g, 50.42 mmol) without solvent to forma clear solution, the monomer to catalyst ratio was at 10,000:1. Thesolution was UV light exposed (LED 5 W, 395 nm, 3 minutes). The solutionturned to a solid indicating the monomer was fully polymerized, asconfirmed by both DSC and TGA. The unexposed solution was free flowingeven after 3 days at room temperature. This indicates that during the UVexposure CPTX releases a chloride ion that activates Ru—I catalyst.
Examples 2-17
The procedures of Example 2 were substantially repeated in theseExamples 2 to 17 except that various different monomers and loadings aslisted in Table 1 were employed. The monomer used in each of theseExamples 2 to 17, catalyst loading, CPTX loading and the residuepercentage from isothermal TGA (1 h at 100° C.) after UV exposure aresummarized in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Ru-II CPTX TGA Example Monomer loading, loading, residue, No.(g, mmol) g, mmol g, mmol % 2 PENB 0.0046, 0.005 0.0015, 0.005 99.94(10, 50.42) 3 PENB 0.0046, 0.005 0.0060, 0.02 99.95 (10, 50.42) 4PENB/NBBuNB 0.0046, 0.005 0.0015, 0.005 99.99 95/5 mole ratio (10,49.87) 5 PENB/NBBuNB 0.0046, 0.005 0.0030, 0.01 99.26 95/5 mole ratio(10, 49.87) 6 PENB/NBBuNB 0.0046, 0.005 0.0060, 0.02 99.23 95/5 moleratio (10, 49.87) 7 PENBNBBuNB 0.0092, 0.01 0.0060, 0.02 99.14 95/5mole ratio (10, 49.87) 8 PENB/NBBuNB 0.0092, 0.01 0.0120, 0.04 95.9595/5 mole ratio (10, 49.87) 9 PENB/NBBuNB 0.0042, 0.0046 0.0056, 0.018497.65 50/50 mole ratio (10, 45.37) 10 PENB/TD 0.0051, 0.0055 0.0067,0.022 99.75 50/50 mole ratio (10, 55.77) 11 PENB/TD/DCPD 0.0053, 0.00570.007, 0.023 99.54 50/25/25 mole ratio (10, 58.04) 12 NBEtOPhPh 0.0027,0.0034 0.0042, 0.014 99.67 (10, 34.48) 13 HexylNB 0.0044, 0.00560.0068, 0.022 100 (10, 56.08) 14 DecylNB 0.0034, 0.0043 0.0052, 0.001799.89 (10, 42.65) 15 DCPD/BuNB 0.0059, 0.0075 0.0091, 0.0030 99.06 91/9mole ratio (10, 74.71) 16 DCPD/DecylNB 0.0056, 0.0071 0.0086, 0.002899.82 91/9 mole ratio (10, 70.71) 17 DCPD/DecylNB 0.0059, 0.0074 0.0090,0.0030 99.66 97/3 mole ratio (10, 73.92)
Comparative Example 1
In a glass bottle, Ru—I (0.0046 g, 0.005 mmol) and ITX (0.0025 g 0.01mmol) were dissolved in PENB (10 g, 50.42 mmol) without solvent to forma clear solution, the monomer to catalyst ratio was at 10,000:1. Thesolution was UV light exposed (LED 5 W, 395 nm, 3 minutes). The solutionwas free flowing and no change in viscosity was observed indicating thatthe catalyst was still inactive under these conditions.
ITX is 2-isopropylthioxanthone of the following formula:
Although the invention has been illustrated by certain of the precedingexamples, it is not to be construed as being limited thereby; butrather, the invention encompasses the generic area as hereinbeforedisclosed. Various modifications and embodiments can be made withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope thereof.
What is claimed is:
1. A composition comprising: an one or more monomersof formula (I):
wherein; m is an integer 0, 1 or 2; R₁, R₂, R₃ and R₄ are the same ordifferent and each independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, halogen, methyl, ethyl, linear or branched (C₃-C₁₆)alkyl,perfluoro(C₁-C₁₂)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₁₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₁₂)cycloalkyl,(C₆-C₁₂)bicycloalkyl, (CH₂)_(a)—(C₆-C₁₂)bicycloalkenyl,(C₇-C₁₄)tricycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted (C₆-C₁₀)aryl,substituted or unsubstituted (C₆-C₁₀)aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,perfluoro(C₆-C₁₀)aryl, perfluoro(C₆-C₁₀)aryl(C₁-C₃)alkyl and a group offormula (A):—Z-Aryl (A) wherein: Z is a bond or a group selected from the groupconsisting of: (CR₅R₆)_(a), O(CR₅R₆)_(a), (CR₅R₆)_(a)O,(CR₅R₆)_(a)—O—(CR₅R₆)_(b), (CR₅R₆)_(a)—O—(SiR₅R₆)_(b),(CR₅R₆)_(a)—(CO)O—(CR₅R₆)_(b), (CR₅R₆)_(a)—O(CO)—(CR₅R₆)_(b) and(CR₅R₆)_(a)—(CO)—(CR₅R₆)_(b), where a and b are integers which may bethe same or different and each independently is 1 to 12, inclusive; R₅and R₆ are the same or different and each independently selected fromthe group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, linear or branched(C₃-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy, linear or branched(C₃-C₆)alkyloxy, acetoxy, (C₂-C₆)acyl, hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl,linear or branched hydroxy(C₃-C₆)alkyl, substituted or unsubstitutedphenyl and substituted or unsubstituted phenoxy; Aryl is phenyl orphenyl substituted with one or more of groups selected from the groupconsisting of methyl, ethyl, linear or branched (C₃-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy,methoxy, ethoxy, linear or branched (C₃-C₆)alkyloxy, acetoxy,(C₂-C₆)acyl, hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, linear or branchedhydroxy(C₃-C₆)alkyl, phenyl and phenoxy; or one of R₁ or R₂ takentogether with one of R₃ or R₄ and the carbon atoms to which they areattached to form a (C₅-C₇)carbocyclic ring optionally containing one ormore double bonds; b) a latent organo-transition metal catalystcomprising a metal selected from the group consisting of ruthenium andosmium; and c) a compound capable of releasing a Bronsted acid whensubjected to photolytic conditions which is of the formula:
wherein Y is halogen; and R₃₀ and R₃₁ are the same or different andindependently of each other selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, methyl, ethyl, linear or branched (C₃-C₁₂)alkyl,(C₃-C₁₂)cycloalkyl, (C₆-C₁₂)bicycloalkyl, (C₇-C₁₄)tricycloalkyl,(C₆-C₁₀)aryl, (C₆-C₁₀)aryl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₁-C₁₂)alkoxy,(C₃-C₁₂)cycloalkoxy, (C₆-C₁₂)bicycloalkoxy, (C₇-C₁₄)tricycloalkoxy,(C₆-C₁₀)aryloxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl and (C₆-C₁₀)-aryloxy; and wherein saidcomposition is in a clear liquid form at room temperature.
2. Thecomposition according to claim 1, wherein said composition comprisesfirst and second monomer of formula (I) distinct from each other and oneof said first and second monomers having a refractive index of at least1.5 and viscosity below 50 centipoise, and wherein said first monomer iscompletely miscible with said second monomer to form a clear solution.3. The composition according to claim 1, wherein said composition formsa substantially transparent film when exposed to suitable radiation. 4.The composition according to claim 3, wherein said film has atransmission of equal to or higher than 90 percent of the visible light.5. The composition according to claim 3, wherein said film has atransmission of equal to or higher than 95 percent of the visible light.6. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the monomer of formula(I) is selected from the group consisting of:
7. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the latent catalyst isan organo-ruthenium compound selected from the group consisting of acompound of formula (HIA), a compound of formula (IIB), a compound offormula (IIIA), a compound of formula (IIIB) and a compound of formula(IIIC):
wherein: X is selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine,iodine, —OR_(a), —O(CO)R_(a) and —OSO₂R_(a), where R_(a) is selectedfrom the group consisting of (C₁-C₁₂)alkyl, (C₃-C₁₂)cycloalkyl and(C₆-C₁₄)aryl; Y is selected from the group consisting of O, S andNCOCF₃; Y′ is selected from the group consisting of OR₉, SR₉ and—N—CHC(O)O(C₁-C₆)alkyl, where R₉ is selected from the group consistingof methyl, ethyl, linear or branched (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₆-C₁₀)aryl,methoxy, ethoxy, linear or branched (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, (C₆-C₁₀)aryloxy and—OCH(CH₃)C(O)N(CH₃)(OCH₃); L is selected from the group consisting ofpyridine, PR₃ or O═PR₃, where each R is independently selected from thegroup consisting of isopropyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, cyclohexyl,bicyclo(C₅-C₁₀)alkyl, phenyl, benzyl, isopropoxy, sec-butoxy,tert-butoxy, cyclohexyloxy phenoxy and benzyloxy; R₇ is selected fromthe group consisting of isopropyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl substituted orunsubstituted cyclohexyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl,substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl and substituted or unsubstitutednaphthyl; R₈ is selected from the group consisting of chlorine, methyl,ethyl, linear or branched (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₆-C₁₀)aryl, methoxy, ethoxy,linear or branched (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, (C₆-C₁₀)aryloxy, —NHCO(C₁-C₆)alkyl,—NHCO-perfluoro(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —SO₂N((C₁-C₆)alkyl)₂ and —NO₂; Ar₁, Ar₂ Ar₃and Ar₄ are the same or different and each independently selected fromthe group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substitutedor unsubstituted biphenyl and substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl;wherein said substituents are selected from the group consisting ofmethyl, ethyl, iso-propyl, tert-butyl, phenyl and OSi(SiMe₃)₃, where Meis methyl.
8. The composition according to claim 7, wherein theorgano-ruthenium compound is selected from the group consisting of:
1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenylimidazolidin-2-ylidene)(tricyclohexylphosphine)-(2-oxobenzylidene)ruthenium(VI)chloride;
where Cy is cyclohexyl and X is selected from the group consisting ofbromine, iodine, —OR_(a), —O(CO)R_(a) and —OSO₂R_(a), where R_(a) isselected from the group consisting of (C₁-C₁₂)alkyl, (C₃-C₁₂)cycloalkyland (C₆-C₁₄)aryl;
where X is Cl or I, Cy is cyclohexyl an R₈ or Cl;
cis-[1,3-Bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2-imidazolidinylidene]dichloro(3-phenyl-1H-inden-1-ylidene)(triisopropylphosphite)ruthenium(II).9. The composition according to claim 1 further comprising one or moremonomers of formula (IV):
wherein: o is an integer from 0 to 2, inclusive; D is SiR₂₁R₂₂R₂₃ or agroup selected from:—(CH₂)_(c)—O—SiR₂₁R₂₂R₂₃ (E);—(CH₂)_(c)—SiR₂₁R₂₂R₂₃ (F); and—(SiR₂₁R₂₂)_(c)—O—SiR₂₁R₂₂R₂₃ (G); wherein c is an integer from 1 to10, inclusive, and where one or more of CH₂ is optionally substitutedwith (C₁-C₁₀)alkyl, (C₁-C₁₀)perfluoroalkyl or (C₆-C₁₄)aryl; R₁₈, R₁₉ andR₂₀ are the same or different and independently of each other selectedfrom the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, methyl, ethyl, linear orbranched (C₃-C₁₂)alkyl, (C₃-C₁₂)cycloalkyl, (C₆-C₁₂)bicycloalkyl,(C₇-C₁₄)tricycloalkyl, (C₆-C₁₀)aryl, (C₆-C₁₀)aryl(C₁-C₃)alkyl,(C₁-C₁₂)alkoxy, (C₃-C₁₂)cycloalkoxy, (C₆-C₁₂)bicycloalkoxy,(C₇-C₁₄)tricycloalkoxy, (C₆-C₁₀)aryloxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl and (C₆-C₁₀)aryloxy;and R₂₁, R₂₂ and R₂₃ are each independently of one another selected fromthe group consisting of methyl, ethyl, linear or branched (C₃-C₉)alkyl,substituted or unsubstituted (C₆-C₁₄)aryl, methoxy ethoxy, linear orbranched (C₃-C₉)alkoxy and substituted or unsubstituted (C₆-C₁₄)aryloxy.10. The composition according to claim 9, wherein said monomer offormula (IV) is selected from the group consisting of:
11. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the latentorgano-transition metal catalyst is an organo-ruthenium compoundselected from the group consisting of:
1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenylimiidazolidin-2-ylidene)(tricyclohexylphosphine)-(2-oxobenzylidene)ruthenium(VI)chloride;
1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenylimidazolidin-2-ylidene)(tricyclohexylphosphine)-(2-oxobenzylidene)rutheniumiodide;
cis-[1,3-Bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2-imidazolidinylidene]dichloro(3-phenyl-1H-inden-1-ylidene)(triisopropylphosphite)ruthenium(II).12. The composition according to claim 1, which contains a compound offormula (V) selected from the group consisting of:
13. The composition according to claim 1, which is selected from thegroup consisting of: 5-phenethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene (PEN B),1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenylimidazolidin-2-ylidene)(tricyclohexylphosphine)-(2-oxobenzylidene)ruthenium(VI)iodide and 1-chloro-4-propoxy-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (CPTX);5-phenethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene (PEN B),1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenylimidazolidin-2-ylidene)(tricyclohexylphosphine)-(2-oxobenzylidene)ruthenium(VI)iodide, 1-chloro-4-propoxy-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (CPTX) and polystyrene;5-phenethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene (PENB),1,4-di(bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)butane (NBBuNB),1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenylimidazolidin-2-ylidene)(tricyclohexylphosphine)-(2-oxobenzylidene)ruthenium(VI)chloride and 1-chloro-4-propoxy-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (CPTX);5-phenethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene (PENB),1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-octahydro-1,4:5,8-dimethanonaphthalene (TD),1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenylimidazolidin-2-ylidene)(tricyclohexylphosphine)-(2-oxobenzylidene)ruthenium(VI)chloride and 1-chloro-4-propoxy-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (CPTX);5-phenethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene (PENB),1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-octahydro-1,4:5,8-dimethanonaphthalene (TD),3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-1H-4,7-methanoindene (DC PD),1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenylimidazolidin-2-ylidene)(tricyclohexylphosphine)-(2-oxobenzylidene)ruthenium(VI)chloride and 1-chloro-4-propoxy-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (CPTX);5-(2-([1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yloxy)ethyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene(NBEtOPhPh),1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenylimidazolidin-2-ylidene)(tricyclohexylphosphine)-(2-oxobenzylidene)ruthenium(VI)chloride and 1-chloro-4-propoxy-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (CPTX);5-hexylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene (HexylNB),1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-imidazolidin-2-ylidene)(tricyclohexylphosphine)-(2-oxobenzylidene)ruthenium(VI)chloride and 1-chloro-4-propoxy-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (CPTX);5-decylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene (DecylNB),1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-imidazolidin-2-ylidene)(tricyclohexylphosphine)-(2-oxobenzylidene)ruthenium(VI)chloride and 1-chloro-4-propoxy-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (CPTX);5-butylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene (BuNB),3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-1H-4,7-methanoindene (DCPD),1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-imidazolidin-2-ylidene)(tricyclohexyl-phosphine)-(2-oxobenzylidene)ruthenium(VI)chloride and 1-chloro-4-propoxy-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (CPTX);5-decylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene (DecylNB),3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-1H-4,7-methanoindene (DCPD),1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-imidazolidin-2-ylidene)(tricyclohexyl-phosphine)-(2-oxobenzylidene)ruthenium(VI)chloride and 1-chloro-4-propoxy-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (CPTX); and5-phenethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene (PENB),5-(2-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)ethyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene (NBEtPhPh),1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenylimidazolidin-2-ylidene)(tricyclohexylphosphine)-(2-oxobenzylidene)ruthenium(VI)chloride and 1-chloro-4-propoxy-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (CPTX).
14. A kitfor forming a substantially transparent film comprising: a) one or moremonomers of formula (I):
wherein: m is an integer 0, 1 or 2; R₁, R₂, R₃ and R₄ are the same ordifferent and each independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, halogen, methyl, ethyl, linear or branched (C₃-C₁₆)alkyl,perfluoro(C₁-C₁₂)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₁₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₁₂)cycloalkyl,(C₆-C₁₂)bicycloalkyl, (CH₂)_(a)—(C₆-C₁₂)bicycloalkenyl,(C₇-C₁₄)tricycloalkyl, (C₆-C₁₀)aryl, (C₆-C₁₀)aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,perfluoro(C₆-C₁₀)aryl, perfluoro(C₆-C₁₀)aryl(C₁-C₃)alkyl,tri(C₁-C₆)alkoxysilyl and a group of formula (A):—Z-Aryl (A) wherein: Z is a bond or a group selected from the groupconsisting of: (CR₅R₆)_(a), O(CR₅R₆)_(a), (CR₅R₆)_(a)O,(CR₅R₆)_(a)—O—(CR₅R₆)_(b), (CR₅R₆)_(a)—O—(SiR₅R₆)_(b),(CR₅R₆)_(a)—(CO)O—(CR₅R₆)_(b), (CR₅R₆)_(a)—O(CO)—(CR₅R₆)_(b) and(CR₅R₆)_(a)—(CO)—(CR₅R₆)_(b), where a and b are integers which may bethe same or different and each independently is 1 to 12; R₅ and R₆ arethe same or different and each independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, methyl ethyl, linear or branched (C₃-C₆)alkyl,hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy, linear or branched (C₃-C₆)alkyloxy, acetoxy,(C₂-C₆)acyl, hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, linear or branchedhydroxy(C₃-C₆)alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl and substitutedor unsubstituted phenoxy; Aryl is phenyl or phenyl substituted with oneor more of groups selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl,linear or branched (C₃-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy, linear orbranched (C₃-C₆)alkyloxy, acetoxy, (C₂-C₆)acyl, hydroxymethyl,hydroxyethyl, linear or branched hydroxy(C₃-C₆)alkyl, phenyl andphenoxy; or one of R₁ or R₂ taken together with one of R₃ or R₄ and thecarbon atoms to which they are attached to form a (C₅-C₇)carbocyclicring optionally containing one or more double bonds; b) a latentorgano-transition metal catalyst comprising a metal selected from thegroup consisting of ruthenium and osmium; and c) a compound of theformula (V):
wherein Y is halogen; and R₃₀ and R₃₁ are the same or different andindependently of each other selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, methyl, ethyl, linear or branched (C₃-C₁₂)alkyl,(C₃-C₁₂)cycloalkyl, (C₆-C₁₂)bicycloalkyl, (C₇-C₁₄)tricycloalkyl,(C₆-C₁₀)aryl, (C₆-C₁₀)aryl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₁-C₁₂)alkoxy,(C₃-C₁₂)cycloalkoxy, (C₆-C₁₂)bicycloalkoxy, (C₇-C₁₄)tricycloalkoxy,(C₆-C₁₀)aryloxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl and (C₆-C₁₀)-aryloxy.
15. The kit accordingto claim 14, which contains a compound of formula (V) selected from thegroup consisting of:
16. The kit according to claim 14, which contains at least two monomersof formula (I) distinct from one another, wherein one monomer iscompletely soluble in the other monomer, and when said composition isexposed to radiation at 395 nm for a sufficient length of time it formsa substantially transparent film having at least 90 percent of visiblelight transmission.
17. The kit according to claim 14, which contains amixture selected from the group consisting of:5-phenethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene (PENB),1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenylimidazolidin-2-ylidene)(tricyclohexylphosphine)-(2-oxobenzylidene)ruthenium(VI)iodide and 1-chloro-4-propoxy-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (CPTX);5-phenethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene (PENB),1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenylimidazolidin-2-ylidene)(tricyclohexylphosphine)-(2-oxobenzylidene)ruthenium(VI)iodide, 1-chloro-4-propoxy-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (CPTX) and polystyrene;5-phenethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene (PENB),1,4-di(bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)butane (NBBuNB),1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenylimidazolidin-2-ylidene)(tricyclohexylphosphine)-(2-oxobenzylidene)ruthenium(VI)chloride and 1-chloro-4-propoxy-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (CPTX);5-phenethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene (PENB),1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-octahydro-1,4:5,8-dimethanonaphthalene (TD),1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenylimidazolidin-2-ylidene)(tricyclohexylphosphine)-(2-oxobenzylidene)ruthenium(VI)chloride and 1-chloro-4-propoxy-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (CPTX);5-phenethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene (PENB),1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-octahydro-1,4:5, 8-dimethanonaphthalene (TD),3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-1H-4,7-methanoindene (DCPD),1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenylimidazolidin-2-ylidene)(tricyclohexylphosphine)-(2-oxobenzylidene)ruthenium(VI)chloride and 1-chloro-4-propoxy-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (CPTX);5-(2-([1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yloxy)ethyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene(NBEtOPhPh),1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenylimidazolidin-2-ylidene)(tricyclohexylphosphine)-(2-oxobenzylidene)ruthenium(VI)chloride and 1-chloro-4-propoxy-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (CPTX);5-hexylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene (HexylNB),1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-imidazolidin-2-ylidene)(tricyclohexylphosphine)-(2-oxobenzylidene)ruthenium(VI)chloride and 1-chloro-4-propoxy-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (CPTX);5-decylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene (DecylNB),1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-imidazolidin-2-ylidene)(tricyclohexylphosphine)-(2-oxobenzylidene)ruthenium(VI)chloride and 1-chloro-4-propoxy-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (CPTX);5-butylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene (BuNB),3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-1H-4,7-methanoindene (DCPD),1,3-bis(2,46-trimethylphenyl-imidazolidin-2-ylidene)(tricyclohexyl-phosphine)-(2-oxobenzylidene)ruthenium(VI)chloride and 1-chloro-4-propoxy-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (CPTX);5-decylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene (DecylNB),3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-1H-4,7-methanoindene (DCPD),1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-imidazolidin-2-ylidene)(tricyclohexyl-phosphine)-(2-oxobenzylidene)ruthenium(VI)chloride and 1-chloro-4-propoxy-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (CPTX); and5-phenethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene (PENB),5-(2-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)ethyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene (NBEtPhPh),1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenylimidazolidin-2-ylidene)(tricyclohexylphosphine)-(2-oxobenzylidene)ruthenium(VI)chloride and 1-chloro-4-propoxy-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (CPTX).
18. A filmcomprising the composition of claim
1. 19. A film comprising thecomposition of claim 13..
| 24,652 |
https://github.com/Kashish121/Nerving-Into-Data-Structures/blob/master/Q17/pallindromic partitions.cpp | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | 2,020 | Nerving-Into-Data-Structures | Kashish121 | C++ | Code | 186 | 564 | #include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
bool isPalindrome(string str, int low, int high) //comparator function
{
while (low < high)
{
if (str[low] != str[high])
return false;
low++;
high--;
}
return true;
}
void allPalPartUtil(vector<vector<string> >&allPart, vector<string> &currPart,
int start, int n, string str) // Recursive function to find all palindromic partitions of str[start..n-1]
{
if (start >= n)// If 'start' has reached len
{
allPart.push_back(currPart);
return;
}
for (int i=start; i<n; i++) // Pick all possible ending points for substrings
{
if (isPalindrome(str, start, i)) // If substring str[start..i] is palindrome
{
currPart.push_back(str.substr(start, i-start+1)); // Add the substring to result
allPalPartUtil(allPart, currPart, i+1, n, str); // Recur for remaining remaining substring
currPart.pop_back();// Remove substring str[start..i] from current partition
}
}
}
void allpalpart(string str)
{
int n = str.length();
vector<vector<string> > allPart; //store all pallindromic partitions
vector<string> currPart;//store current pallindromic partition
allPalPartUtil(allPart, currPart, 0, n, str); //recursively generate all partitions
for (int i=0; i< allPart.size(); i++ ) //print generated partitioned
{
for (int j=0; j<allPart[i].size(); j++)
cout << allPart[i][j] << " ";
cout << "\n";
}
}
int main()
{
string str;
cin>>str;
allpalpart(str);
return 0;
}
| 12,054 |
greekworldunderr00maha_16 | US-PD-Books | Open Culture | Public Domain | null | None | None | English | Spoken | 7,362 | 9,820 | enclosure. The distinct reason given is the benefit derived from the god through the many strangers who now visit the place.! If Dr. Lolling has rightly fixed the date of this interesting document as the first century B.c.,” it is, however, but a partial corroboration ; and I hesitate to adopt so strange a fact about religion generally from a solitary passage in a treatise, which is throughout an afologia for the decay of faith. Plutarch indeed takes personal credit for having restored and beautified Pylza (the suburb of Delphi where the Pythian games were held), with the help of two friends and of the governor of Delphi—probably a great aid to his own popularity, but indicating no general revival of belief in oracles throughout the Greek world. Gradually the great shrine had gone down in estimation; the priests had no longer the position and wide knowledge of their predecessors ; the Pythia was a common peasant, who talked in vulgar prose ; the subjects of inquiry were domestic and trivial, only fit, he says, to be answered in common language—Am I to marry, to sail, to invest money, or in the case of cities, ques- tions about their crops, their cattle, and their sanitation ?? And yet for all these changes Plutarch ingeniously finds natural causes, which should content men with this decad- ence, just as he exhorts them to acquiesce in their political decay. And here I note as remarkable that the development of religion in Greece brought down the conception of provi- dential interference to the trivial affairs of everyday life, whereas our modern tendency is exactly the reverse. We now hesitate even to pray for rain or fair weather, as our fathers did, but, as it were, restrict the domain of Provi- dence to grave moral matters. 1 MDI vii. 71 sq. 2 This is his correction in the second article (cf. Ζῤζω, vii. 340). 3 De Pyth. 28, XIII PLUTARCH’S PROVINCIALISM 3 tN ~ There is much that is reasonable, much that is eloquent, in the treatise ; and yet what is more singular, what more melancholy, than to see the sage clinging to the sinking ship, or rather trying to stop the leak and declare her sea- worthy, while in his own country, as well as through the Hellenistic East, there had lately been preached a new faith which he never took pains to understand. He can tell us how the Jewish high-priest was clothed, but as to even Jewish dogmas he manifests the grossest ignorance.!_ His collection of the A/acita of philosophers is superficial and jejune ; his studies in comparative religion, though his theory asserted the equal dignity and veracity of all religions, are even more superficial and careless. He professed himself a cosmopoli- tan thinker; he was really a narrow and bigoted Hellene ; as narrow and exclusive as the old opponents of Alex- ander had been in their day. This ingrained bigotry was the real secret of the decay and downfall of Greece. While the Asiatic cities had learned at least something from contact with the East, Greece had remained behind, had become poor and depopulated, stagnant in thought as well as in active life. There is no more signal instance of this stagnation than the sayings and counsels of Plutarch on politics and on religion. The same may be said of his utterances on art. No new production of any merit is mentioned; old statues, old temples, old pictures were still prized. People went to be shown round Delphi by chattering cicerones; they fre- quented picture galleries; they admired the bloom on ancient bronzes,” the splendour of Homer or Pindar, the 1 Cf. Symp. iv. qu. 6, On the God of the Jews. This ignorance seems to prove that the many Jews now at Athens, Corinth, and elsewhere through Greece never mixed in good Greek society. * No setting of a dialogue was ever more appropriate or promising Υ 322 GREEK WORLD UNDER ROMAN SWAY cnap. ΧΠῚ music of the ancients, which was no longer understood. On these things Plutarch copies Plato or Aristoxenus. But though statues were set up in crowds to benefactors of their several cities, we hear that these monuments of liberality were kept in stock, often without the heads, which were added when the dedication was ascertained and the statue bought ; and even this was more tolerable than the practice above mentioned (p. 239) of erasing old dedications and renaming the effigies of ancient gods and heroes. Let us then turn to the only life still remaining—the private and domestic doings of Plutarch’s friends. than that of Plutarch’s on the Pythian Oracle. A party of visitors are being led round by the professional showmen, whom they ridicule while they follow them, interrupting their follies with serious talk on religion and art. As usual in Greek literature, the splendid natural features of the place are never mentioned. The openings of the first seventeen chapters contain interesting allusions to old treasure houses and the offerings they contained. The habit of visiting picture galleries is clearly implied by the opening sentence of the tract ov the Gendus of Socrates. An artist compares the visits of ignorant visitors to his gallery (οἱ θεώμενοι τοὺς γεγραμμένους πίνακας) to the confused applause of a crowd, those of the cultivated and critical to acquaintances who individually address him. CHAPTER XIV PLUTARCH AND HIS TIMES—PRIVATE LIFE No generation of men ever felt more keenly than Plutarch’s contemporaries that they represented the old age of their country. Not only is there no outlook before them, but when discussing the treatment and education of the child, we find Plutarch dealing with the various efforts to over- come the constitutional delicacies derived from unhealthy parents, a difficulty which earlier theorists would have met with far more trenchant remedies. Exposing of children was still perhaps as common as of old, but now they were exposed from poverty,! while Plutarch’s wealthy friends, however unfit to be parents, never reflected upon the sin of spreading her- editary disease among their race. There were even medical courses of treatment, intended to protect children from the probable outbreak of such diseases. Plutarch uses all this as an illustration of his principle that the apparent delays of divine justice are only larger and deeper justice, and considers that the ‘skipping of generations’ so often notice- able in gout and other punitive diseases arises from the insight of the Deity into the virtues of those that are spared.? 1 οἱ μὲν yap πένητες οὐ τρέφουσι τέκνὰ κ.τ.λΔ. (de amore prolts, sub. fin. ) 2 De sera num, vind, 19-22. De lb, educ. 3.—If this tract be 324 GREEK WORLD UNDER ROMAN SWAY CHAP. In considering the treatment of children he sets himself strongly against that selfish luxury in parents which causes them to neglect personal supervision. There may be, indeed, excessive and injurious forcing of children,—a very modern vice in parents—but this is not so usual as its opposite.t Beginning with the duty of the mother to nurse her own child—which, by the way, his own wife did not perform—he inveighs against the crime of economising by the selection of cheap or broken-down slaves to look after the children,’ still more against the crime of allow- ing private interest or the thoughtless recommendation of friends to influence the parents’ choice of teachers.? He seems to feel all through—in this perhaps reflecting the in- fluence of Roman habits on Greek fashion—that education is no longer a state affair, but the private duty of parents. There is hardly a word, in his instructions, upon schools and schooling. But he alludes casually to the strange scenes which boys were allowed to witness—criminals dressed up with robes and crowns, and presently stripped and publicly tortured; paintings of subjects so objectionable that we should carefully explain to the child the distinction between art as such and art as a vehicle of morals. On the other hand deportment was strictly watched: for example, not to use the left hand‘ unless it were to hold bread at dinner, while other food was taken with the right; to walk in the genuine, he knows that drunken parents produce drunkards. In Philo (Leg. ad Caium, § 8) there is a remarkable argument put in Caligula’s mouth that his ancestors were his educators in imperial qualities, in that they transmitted his training to him in his blood. 4 Oe, Gite 15. 2 Ifa nurse be employed, let her be a Greek with a good accent (of. cit. 5); on the quality of the pedagogue slave, cap. 7. 3 On false shame, 8. 4 Cf. on the impoliteness of using the left hand, de Trang. 5; Theo- dorus’s remark, de Fortuna, 5; Virt. docert posse, 3. XIV PLUTARCH ON EDUCATION 325 streets without looking up; to touch salt-fish with one finger, fresh-fish, bread, meat, with two ; 20 scratch yourself thus ; to fold your cloak thus.!_ Not only is the necessity of early education insisted upon, but even of a library of standard books for the boy to know and enjoy; and Plut- arch also expresses the old Greek contempt for the man of late or of self-education. If in our day science, which can be learned in mature life, were not taken into account, we should probably hold very similar views, for literary culture is not thus attainable.” If you complain that all this instruction costs more time and money than the poor can afford, Plutarch admits it, but says he is only concerned with the more refined classes. ‘But some one may object that I, undertaking to give pre- scriptions on the training of the children of free citizens, apparently neglect the training of poor townsmen, and only think of instructing the rich—to which the obvious answer is: that I should desire the training I prescribe to be attainable alike by all; but if any, through want of private means, cannot obtain it, let them blame their fortune and not their adviser. Every effort, then, must be made, even by the poor, to train their children in the best possible way, and if this is beyond them, to do it according to their means.’ * This remark is more particularly applicable to bodily training, on which the age had attained to far greater wisdom and more modern common sense than we should have ex- pected. In the first place Plutarch sets himself against any iron rules, which make a man the slave of his body, and purchase health at the cost of accepting idleness and 1 Op. cit. 9. 2 Cf. Symp. ix. qu. 14, ὃ 3, where ὀψιμαθές and ἄγροικον are coupled together. 3 De lib. educ. 11; cf. also de san. prec. 25. 326 GREEK WORLD UNDER ROMAN SWAY CHAP: stupidity along with it. Thus the rule of the trainers that men should not excite themselves with talk at meals he rejects as probably wrong, and in any case socially inex- pedient. Even special diet is bad, and so are all extremes, such as the ostentation! of taking cold baths. Whatever is not natural he regards as unhealthy ; and not only does he speak with the greatest disgust and contempt of the habit of taking emetics, but he puts purgatives in the same cate- gory, as being quite superfluous to those who live a regular and temperate life, and as being only invented to relieve excess.” Still he is human enough to admit, in the mouth of his leading character in the dialogue, that it is not easy to maintain strict moderation at a large and sumptuous feast, where refusing many things is perhaps not polite. ‘You should prepare for such occasions by abstemiousness beforehand. But if you be really indisposed, it is a case of false shame to accept such invitations, when a properly worded excuse wth a smart point in it will often please as much as an acceptance. <A similar defence of your ab- stemiousness at table will often help you easily out of the difficulty.’ Like all later Greek authorities he prefers field sports and general military training to athletic competitions. There is little to be gleaned, as I have said before, con- cerning school life; the later education of the youth now consisted chiefly in hearing lectures and practising rhetoric or disputation, as an introduction either to practical life or that higher calling known as philosophy. He seems to attach but little importance to those efebic institutions, which played so prominent a part in the Hellenistic days of Athens.’ Plutarch is very emphatic on the proper mental ᾿ ἐπιδεικτικὸν καὶ veavixdy, san. prec. 15. * μιαρὰ παραμύθια πλησμονῆς (the loathsome solace of surfeiting), o/. cit, 20. * Inscriptions indeed of such bodies still abound, and we have from XIV THE CLERGY OF THE DAY 327 attitude for the youthful hearers of lectures, readers of poets, and students of art, both as regards the matter brought before them and the person of the teacher. Great care must be taken to separate the mere art side in dramatic poetry and in painting from the ethical. If they see re- presentations of violent or indecent passion they must only attend to the talent of the drawing. And as regards the quality of the teachers, the mere exhibiting sophist is very different from the solid philosopher, who probes our faults, and gives us serious and stern advice ; ‘and you must not be like the many who delight in and applaud him so long as he talks of things indifferent ; but whenever he comes to home questions and takes men to task individually, they get angry and think him intrusive ; for they naturally assume that hear- ing philosophers in the schools is much the same as hearing actors in the theatre, people who differ in nowise from themselves in their private lives. Now this is true enough as regards the sophists, who, when they leave their profes- sional chair and lay aside their books, are in the real affairs of life insignificant and on a level with the many. But as regards real philosophers, men ignore that both their earnest and their sport, their smile and their frown, and most of all their advice to each man in private, bear precious fruit to those who will accustom themselves to attend to them.’! Thus we find ourselves in the presence of what may be called a parochial clergy disseminated through all the towns, the opening of the second century (111, 130 A.D., etc.) onward a most interesting series of the busts of the Athenian coset, or controllers of the efhebz. The great contrasts in the appearance, and the often non- Hellenic types, of these men, who were at least socially of the highest class, are a plain indication how cosmopolitan even Attic society, with all its conservative tendencies, had now become (cf. the busts reproduced by A. Dumont in CZ i. and ii., with his article, i. 229). 1 De rect. rat. aud. 12. 328 GREEK WORLD UNDER ROMAN SWAY CHAP. who consoled people in grief, who received confessions and gave advice in private, and preached their gospel in public. Nor does Plutarch, nor did his age, confine themselves to hearing one philosophic creed. Whether Cynics, or Stoics, or Academicians, or, what was most frequent, Eclectics—all taught serious moral lessons and the acknowledged virtues with no greater differences or contentions than, for example, the various sects of Protestants exhibit in America; dis- puting often, and sometimes angrily, on special points of doctrine, but still agreeing on the broad general lines, and supported in turn by serious men as all knowing and teach- ing practical truths. Plutarch himself derides the paradoxes of the Stoics, and indeed his compromising temper was constitutionally opposed to their trenchant dogmas, but how many points does he not adopt from them? His pro- fessed master, and head of the original Academy, was Plato, and yet all Plutarch’s tracts on married life show that the Platonic “epfublic must have appeared to him not only im- practicable but positively inhuman. He desires no heroic remedies; he expects no great reform in society, but preaches personal dignity as the basis of truthfulness, purity, charity, such as they were understood in the heathen world. I put it in this way because there is a naturalistic vein in him foreign to the heights of Stoic or Christian mor- ality. If a husband lapses from his fidelity let him do it else- where than at home; if the wife hears of it let her ignore it; if she feels repelled from or by her parents-in-law let her cultivate them with peculiar affection; let her educate herself even so far as to study geometry and Plato, but on no account allow religious cults foreign to her husband to creep into the house.'' He censures the cruelties of a hot- 1 This is probably pointed at Christianity, as well as at those oriental cults which we know to have done domestic mischief in those days. XIV THE CRIME OF EXTRAVAGANCE 329 tempered house-master, the miseries of a superstitious one —all the petty weaknesses and vices that attack every over- ripe and decaying society are pictured in his pages. But what remedies does he propose? Not the revelation of any mystery, not the ardent love of a new creed, not the uncompromising courage of a Stoic principle. He borrows from the prosaic Aristotle the doctrine of habit, of gradual progress in virtue, of gradual falling away into vice, and exhorts his hearers to watch small things, to begin with small resolves, to practise ‘active habits of virtue,’ and so train themselves gradually to self-control, good temper, liberality, calmness of mind. ‘There is not even any trench- ant denunciation of the grave immoralities which permeated Greek society. He inveighs indeed against the new and extravagant terms of praise uttered by the audiences in lecture rooms, because here there is excess.! He can- not endure the poet Aristophanes, for in the first place, he says: ‘If you recite him at a feast, each guest must have a grammarian beside him to explain the allusions, and then how coarse he is, and obscene, and how little he studies the proper diction of his various characters.’ But on the splen- dours of the poet—his unequalled richness of humour, his exquisite diction, his lyric sweetness,—not a word. Every eulogy is reserved for Menander, the only poet (beside Euripides) worth reciting in society, the most perfect outcome of Greek literature, the most perfect mirror of human life? Let the reader turn to my Greek Life and 1 De rect. rat. aud. 15.—‘ Those who have brought in the fashion of new exclamations at lectures, such as Devine, Inspired, Unapproach- able (θείως, θεοφορήτως, ἀπροσίτως), instead of the old καλῶς, σοφῶς, or ἀληθῶς, behave with great indecency, and damage the lecturer by sug- gesting that he desires such extravagant eulogy.’ * Even Euripides and Pindar he charges with the vulgarities of boast- fulness and conceit (07 Self Praise, § 1). 330 GREEK WORLD UNDER ROMAN SWAY CHAP. Thought, where I have weighed the Attic New Comedy in the scale of morals. He will be persuaded that a more mesquin and frivolous society has never been brought upon the stage. But Menander and his society were polished ; there was nothing raw or harsh about them; their vices were venilal, or at least curable; they went through their lives without any offensive tragedy or any vulgar suicide. This, then, is really Plutarch’s mission—apart from his work as a biographer—to feel the pulse of society, to give ordinary rules and advices, to make human intercourse smoother and more agreeable. Here it is that all those qualities which make his philosophy superficial and his morals feeble aid him to direct social life with tact and give entertainments with refinement. ‘This is, therefore, a topic worthy of special attention ; for here, if anywhere, the Greeks were still acknowledged masters, and gave the tone to all the society of the civilised world. Indeed we may pass almost naturally from the philosophic lectures, which we have just mentioned, to the question of conversation, for the whole tract ox Proper Conduct at Lectures is partly moral, partly social in its tone. All through it he feels that the danger of his age was over-attention to words, to form, to purity and grace of diction, and neglect of the real substance. ‘Wherefore we should imitate not the flower- girl, but the bee, in seeking for the essence. For the former gathers rich and scented flowers, and weaves them into garlands sweet indeed, but ephemeral and fruitless ; whereas the bee, after flying through meadows of violas and roses and hyacinths, lights upon the strongest and most pungent thyme, and hence obtains what is best for its honey.’ The showy flowers of the field are therefore the food of drones, just as the phrases and periods of the sophist satisfy vulgar 1° Pps 115-123; XIV CRITICISM CRITICISED 331 hearers. ‘Nay, rather as a man about to leave the barber’s shop stands up before the looking-glass, and feels his head, and notes the change in the cut of his hair and beard,’ so he that stands up to leave a lecture-room should examine his mind and see what he has gained.! Nevertheless, fovm is a delightful thing, and young men are quite right to admire it. But remember that nothing is worse than that critical attitude, which cannot praise without some carping or. detraction; here you must ob- serve the mean”? between the gushing and the sneering hearer. But the admiration of form should come after the serious matters, ‘just as those at a feast, when their thirst is allayed, then begin to look at the plate and turn the cups in their hands, so when the hearer is well fed with dogmas, he may consider what elegance there is in the exposi- tion. But he that from the outset does not hold to the substance, but requires the diction to be Attic and chaste,® IW OP Gils 8. = (Of ΕΖ 12: 3 Cf. also de pfrofect. 8: It is remarkable that he ridicules (de wt. pud. 16) as pedantic the avoidance of ἀζαζης in composition, a law carefully attended to by most Attic writers, azd indeed apparently by himself. Iwill here say a word upon this test, so generally accepted, since the famous tract of Benseler, by critics of the Plutarchean collec- tion. Volkmann, in the second or critical part of his exhaustive work (Leben, Schriften und Philosophie des Plutarch, Berlin, 1869), en- deavours to show that in nearly every case internal reasons support this external test. Whenever in a tract of the J/ora/za hiatus is admitted, he finds other reasons to prove its spuriousness. But here, as else- where, the reader will find strongly subjective convictions taking the place of arguments. Thus the Cozsolatio ad Afpollonium is judged by critics so great as Wyttenbach and Bahr to be excellent, an echo of Plato, lofty in diction to the limits of tragedy (of. ct. i. 130); by Volkmann (of. cet. 144) frigid and strained, overladen with false ornament, etc. One cannot but feel that he was led by the new test of Benseler, and that had the Covso/ation avoided hiatus it would have also escaped his censure. And what shall we say of the cases which are doubtful? Thus the tract de Garvrulitate in general avoids hiatus, but has nevertheless so 332 GREEK WORLD UNDER ROMAN SWAY CHAP. is like the man who will not drink an antidote unless it be handed him in Attic ware, or put on a cloak in winter unless the wool be of Attic sheep, but sits idle in his thin and unsubstantial vesture of Lysian language.’ The curious feature in all this is that the imitators were as unable to reproduce Attic purity as our Renaissance builders to reproduce Attic architecture. These later sophists and their hearers had so completely lost the secret that, with the qualified exception of Lucian, who passed muster till he fell into the hands of Cobet, none of them even approximated to Attic purity. They were as degenerate in eloquence as were their contemporaries who affected to copy the old philosophic masters by adopting ‘the lisp of Aristotle and the stoop of Plato.’* To repeat the fine illustration with which he closes the tract: ‘As if one went to seek fire from his neighbour, and finding it bright and cheery were to ‘sit down there and stay warming himself, so is he who comes to seek instruction from another and forgets to kindle his own flame, but in delight at what he hears sits soothed many grave admissions of it as to make Benseler pause. But Volkmann gets rid of some of them by emendation, apologises for the rest, and accepts the tract. The whole discussion, therefore, in his book, though acute and sug- gestive, seems to me to want finality, especially so long as we do not possess a complete zzdex grecitatis to Plutarch (based on some better text than Reiske’s) and ascertain what variations of vocabulary the tracts contain. I have therefore felt justified in quoting from some of the tracts under suspicion, which seem to me to represent manners and customs of Plutarch’s date, though in general the reader will find my conclusions based upon the recognised and unmistakable works of our author. It seems to me very remarkable that Volkmann has taken no notice of the passage which has suggested this note. 1 On this allusion to the clearness and transparency of the ¢enwe genus of Lysias, cf. my Greek Literature, ii. 152. * De aud poet. 59.---ὥσπερ ol τὴν Ἰ]λάτωνος ἀπομιμούμενοι κυρτότητα, kal τὴν ᾿Αριστοτέλους τραυλότητα, a phrase he repeats elsewhere. XIV DUTIES OF AN AUDIENCE 333 with the ruddiness and reflected glow upon his face, and brings home no flame to dissipate the inner darkness and mildew of his soul, or to air it with philosophy.’ ἢ Perhaps these things are but splendid commonplaces ; what is not so is the demand of Plutarch, himself a lecturer, for the warm and even undisguised sympathy of his audience. He expects attentive watching of the lecturer, an upright sitting posture, and a countenance beaming with interest in what is said. Such conduct as sprawling on the benches, assuming a negligent attitude, whispering to one’s neighbour, yawning, giggling, is censured as a social crime. ‘ For some think the speaker only has duties and the hearers none; that he must come well prepared and full of thoughts, but that they without any consideration are to sit down as toa feast which they enjoy at the cost of another’s labour. Yet as surely as good company is necessary to the feast, so is a good hearer to the lecture; for barbarisms and solecisms are quite as possible in the audience as in the speaker.’ ? But if Plutarch makes these demands upon the audience at a discourse, he is even more exacting when he discusses society proper and social entertainments. Then as now, dinner-parties at which ladies were sometimes present, and wine parties of men, were the prevalent occasions for such gatherings. It was the habit, he tells us, at Sybaris, to send out invitations with a year’s notice, in order that the ladies might have time to prepare a splendid toilette.’ As far as the internal preparation of the guests is concerned a year is no notice; it is the whole education of the man which comes out in his social intercourse. ‘For the guest does 1 OP. czt. sub. fin. POE trie tay, irl 3 They are not yet quite so extravagant in London, though I have often seen an invitation to dine six weeks later in that city. 334 GREEK WORLD UNDER ROMAN SWAY CHAP. not go in like a vessel to be filled, but with a mind to give and take in earnest and in jest, for which this is the proper opportunity. And be it remembered that it is easy to decline a dish if it be ill-cooked, or take to water if the wine be bad, but a ¢able-mate who gives you a headache or makes you ill destroys all the pleasure of wines or dainties or music, nor can you send away from the table this source of disgust, which often produces lifelong dislikes, as it were the after-taste* of the unpleasantnesses which occurred at table. Hence Chilon, invited yesterday, was quite right in saying that he would not come till he heard who were to be the company ; in war or on sea voyages you must submit to an unpleasant comrade ; to do so in society is folly.’ ὃ The host, having taken precautions concerning this matter, which indeed was not so easy as it now is, seeing that guests often brought friends with them who were strangers to him, is next bound to see that there is ample room for all, the crowding of a table in any sense being quite inexcusable. Large dinner-parties of twenty-five or thirty were hardly ever successful, as the conversation, which ought to be general, then breaks up into private dialogues ;* and as the dining-rooms of Greek houses were comparatively small, such feasts generally implied very tight fitting of the guests, which Plutarch condemns. ‘Should by any accident the food or the wine run short it is easy to say I am very sorry, but the servants have made away with it, whereas such a polite excuse (!) is impossible in the case of room, over which the master has absolute control.’ He introduces his eighth query in the eighth book of his Zadb/e-talk, by say- 1 Tt is a scandalous thing that the English language has no proper word for σύν δειπνος, conveve. ” FTot-coppers, the German Aatzenjammer, would be even more literal for ἑωλοκρασία, as used in this connection. 3 Sept. Sap. Conv. 2. eh 3 XIV NO ARISTOCRATIC SOCIETY 335 ing that they avoided the large and mixed parties given at the Isthmian games by Sospis, when president of the feast and keeping open house for both citizens and guests, but he after- wards praises! the banquet given by the wealthy Ammonius, strategus of Athens, after an examination of the ephebi at the Diogenion. I may add that at the select party given by the former a schoolmaster (γραμματικός) and a cicerone (περιηγητής) figure as guests—certainly not an aristocratic pair in any modern or in a Roman sense; indeed Plutarch introduces the self-conscious vanity of the former as part of the scene ;? the man was silent and sulky because he had not gained applause in a public display. Physicians play a leading part in Plutarch’s society, and evidently enjoyed a good social position now as heretofore in Greece.’ But the whole society at Ammonius’s house is distinctly 270- Jessional—rhetoricians, gymnastic trainers, farmers; not a single grandee or person living idly from his estates can be found among them. The few Romans, like Sossius Senecio, who actually take part in the discussions, may perhaps count as exceptions. Simple appointments and a short mene are commended,! as the whole feast turns upon the mental qualities of the company. But we may note that the absence of an old and wealthy aristocracy with splendid heirlooms in plate and pictures, with princely residences of long tradition, ix, I. 2 Symp. ix. 5. 3. Cf. Hertzberg’s learned note, ii. 174, 175. 4 His notions of wicked luxury are curiously subjective—snow for cooling drinks, the straining of wine, the use of wether mutton and ox- beef (instead of rams and bulls), the making fowl tender by artificial pro- cesses, the fattening of geese for their livers, and many other of the ordinary devices of civilisation are censured (Sy. lib. vi. passzm). Nevertheless the art of cooking, even in Greece, had reached an advanced stage (cf. lib. iv. qu. 1, § 2). 336 GREEK WORLD UNDER ROMAN SWAY CHAP. makes Plutarch underrate the external setting of a dinner- party. The only splendour in display which he knows is that of the zouveau riche, the vulgar upstart, the imitator of the state of Hellenistic courts. This absence of an aris- tocracy, with recognised titles and precedence in society, seems to have also increased the difficulty of placing the guests at table, for the jealousies of human nature, which are universal, were not tempered, as they are with us, by grades of dignity universally recognised. Plutarch insists in many places on the truly democratic nature of social con- verse, where all should affect, if they do not feel, equality. He even regards it as ‘oligarchical and offensive’ to come late ; ‘democratical and polite’ to be in good time.! But the proper placing of the guests seems to him a task in strategy, no less than to manceuvre a phalanx. He even illustrates: it, not without an apology, by the instance of the Divine architect ordering the world from chaos, not adding or destroying one particle of matter, but merely putting each element in its right place. The discussion which follows? is as instructive to-day as it was in the first century. If you make distinctions and fix places you are sure to cause offence. If you let things take their course you will have a random result, in which wrong people are sure to get together, and fail to enjoy themselves, Plutarch’s general solution is to abandon ceremony as to rank, to hold to the democratic aspect of the feast, but to take great care about having suitable people to sit together. And this is not easy, seeing that likeness of character is sometimes a cause of conflict, as with game- cocks, sometimes a cause of friendly consorting, as with jack- daws. ‘There are some that drink too much wine, and some water-drinkers ;? some old men with their conceit, some 1 Symp. viii. 6, ὃ 2. 2 ΤΟΊ Got, 2 3 [bid. vi. qu. 4. XIV PLACING THE COMPANY 337 young with their folly. ‘I advise then not to set the rich by the rich, or the young by the young, or the magistrate beside his colleague, or two intimates together; for so the conversation will have no general activity ; but rather the eager learner beside the distinguished scholar, the be- nign beside the peevish, the ingenuous youth beside the vain old talker, the reserved beside the boaster, the silent beside the passionate; and if you have a lavish richard, draw from the obscure corner some worthy poor man, on the chance of the full cup overflowing into his empty vessel. But don’t put a sophist beside a sophist, or a poet beside a poet ; separate also the captious and the litigious, insert- ing some sort of buffer between them. Whereas I should bring together athletic people and sportsmen and farmers, so also those fond of drinking and the amorous, not merely those who have fallen in love, but those given to wine and women; for men warmed at the same fire more readily consort, provided, by Jove, that they are not in pursuit of the same person.’ He recognises, moreover, what we call grouting ata party. All the company need not be brilliant ; for as we mix water with wine to temper its strength, and as consonants are necessary between the sonants (vowels), so are silent but well-disposed listeners.! The established custom that ladies should sit by their husbands and boys beside their parents solved that side of the difficulty. He proceeds to discuss whether the old fashion, then exploded, of having a regular sympostarch, a master of the feast, was of advantage or not. ‘There was much to be said on both sides, but here again it seems to me that Hellenistic society required more controlling than ours, seeing that dis- play of gifts and forwardness were certainly more common than they are with us northerners. This we may infer L Symp. 1. 1, § 3. Ζ 338 GREEK WORLD UNDER ROMAN SWAY CHAP: from a passage! in which he apprehends that without re- gulation the symposcum will become in turn a democratic assembly, a sophist’s school, a gambling-house, or a scenic stage—such was the taste for display in oratory, recitation, acting.2 A governor of the feast will have to vary the entertainment, and as they say that a walk along the sea, and a sail along the land are the pleasantest, so he must combine earnest and jest. The ¢adble-talk \eft us by our author gives a large assortment of the topics suitable for agreeable conversa- tion. Any one who examines them will see how easy it is to frame theories, and how hard to satisfy practical requirements in detail. Modern and sensible as are his views, there are few of the questions raised which are not either silly, trivial, or even shocking in their naturalism to modern refinement. Here are some specimens: Why are men more greedy towards the end of autumn? Which came first: a hen or an egg? Why is A the first letter of the alphabet? Why is the tear of a wild boar sweet, while that of a stag is salt?—a charming inquiry!* Whether philosophers should wear garlands at a feast? And yet he thinks it vulgar to talk about a feast one has enjoyed, or a procession, or to tell a dream, or a personal dispute one has had.‘ Nay, he even thinks an account of one’s travels rather dull and second-rate.° 1 Symp. i. qu. 4, § 3. 2 The habit of recitations in Greek had lately (he says) come into fashion at Rome, in his own day, and he discusses (γε. vil. qu. 8) what authors are fit for this purpose. He protests against Plato’s dialogues being paraded at a dinner table, but says elsewhere (zdzd. qu. 5, § 4) that Euripides, Pindar, and Menander, especially the last, are more suitable. 3 T can but refer to ill. 6, περὶ καιροῦ συνουσίας. 4 De rect. vat. aud. 3. > Nevertheless the two travellers whom he introduces at the opening XIV THE ART OF CONVERSATION 339 Perhaps the best of all his advices is that on the proper questions to ask so that the guests may display their know- ledge, and have the pleasure of doing so; and again, what exact place jokes and sarcasms should have in a conversa- tion; when they will amuse without doing damage, and when they will ruffle the temper of the ¢ad/e-mates. Here is an abstract of this discussion,! which is too long for quotation. I shall weave in many other parallel pass- ages. He opens his eighth book by saying that to expel philo- sophy from feasts is worse than putting out the light, for when ignorance and bad manners prevail not even the famous golden lamp of the Parthenon would make the gathering decent and orderly. To meet merely for the purpose of eating in silence, if it were possible, is swinish, whereas to take no care about the order and usefulness of the discourse is to serve up the victuals and the wine raw and unprepared, so that the best materials are disgusting. This reverts to the old and universal Greek principle that art has little to do with spontaneity, but is in every phase the result of careful training.* For example, it is very im- portant to put such questions as may induce good temper and ready converse in the guests. Obviously people like to be asked what they think the rest of the company do not know, and what they themselves wish to make known. Thus those who have travelled widely by land and sea like of the tract on the Decay of the Oracles are among the most interesting figures he draws. 1 Symp. ii. 1. * Cf. his tract de Fortuna, where he mentions (8 4) the famous story of the painter producing the bloody froth on the war-horse’s mouth as the only known case where chance gave a new resource to art. Yet we must not forget Aristotle’s quotation, τέχνη τυχὴν ἔστερξε, καὶ τέχνην TUX}. 340 GREEK WORLD UNDER ROMAN SWAY CHAP. to be asked about some distant colony, or perilous sea, or barbarian customs, and dilate upon them and describe them, accepting this as a sort of consolation for all their previous toil. And more generally, whatever we are anxious to talk about without any pressure, we like to be asked to tell, thinking we are conferring a favour in doing what we can hardly be restrained from doing even when it is a bore. This is a peculiar weakness in mariners; whereas refined people like to be asked what they want to tell, but are ashamed to volunteer, from regard to their company ; as, for example, their own successes and achievements—such as in embassies and politics.” Accordingly, jealous and ill- natured people avoid such questions, and turn off the con- versation so as to keep it from leading up naturally to such subjects, and rather take up what a man’s adversaries would like to hear. Avoid therefore allusions to misfortunes, such as the loss of a suit at law, the death of a child, or mis- fortunes in trade by sea and land. Here, on the contrary, are agreeable topics. Men delight in being repeatedly questioned about their success in a harangue, or how they were addressed by the king, or how they escaped storms or pirates, while their fellows were caught; for they seem to enjoy the thing all over again in telling it. ‘They like also to be asked about their children’s progress in learning, and about their own inter- course or intimacy with princes. The misfortunes of their 1 Τὴ the two tracts o7 Loguactty and on Curiosity he adds many wise advices to those who are given to excessive talk, and those who will _ not refrain from prying questions. ‘ For it is pleasanter to associate with _ villains who have tact than with worthy people who are bores.’ He comments too (de Garry. 18) on the loquacity permitted to slaves in Greece as compared with their training in Roman houses. At no time did the Greeks generally appreciate what he justly calls τὸ σεμνὸν καὶ τὸ ἅγιον Kal τὸ μυστηρίωδες τῆς σιωπῆς. * Further examples of long-winded stories are given, de Garr, 21, 22. XIV THE ART OF CONVERSATION 341 enemies too they delight in telling, when they are asked, but avoid volunteering on this subject, as it seems like spite. So you should ask a sportsman about dogs, an athlete about contests, an amorous man about beauty. But the pious man, who is given to sacrifices, and likes talking of dreams, and how he made a hit by observing omens, or victims, or by the favour of the gods, should be questioned accordingly. Old people too, though they may have nothing to say, are always pleased and set going by questions, while those who curtail their conversation, and want mere categorical answers, take away the chief plea- sure which the old have in society. ‘To sum up: If you desire to be agreeable ask questions for which the answerer will gain not blame, but approval; not dislike, but goodwill from the company. I will add that in another place! he comments on the gross impoliteness of answering a question addressed to another without waiting for his reply. It implies that he does not know, or that you know better, and says to the questioner: Why did you ask another, when I was present; ofttimes too the question was not intended to elicit information, but merely to draw a silent or modest man into the conversation and make him feel athome. All this the chatterbox upsets by his meddlesome forwardness. Many of these points are illustrated from Homer, whose poems were to Plutarch, as to all the literary Greeks of that age, a mine not only of philosophy and religion but of good manners. | 4,329 |
https://askubuntu.com/questions/1296891 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,020 | Stack Exchange | English | Spoken | 222 | 350 | Sound issues after upgrading Kubuntu to 20.10
I upgraded Kubuntu from 20.04 to 20.10. After this sound often doesn't work when booting my computer, it gets fixed if I restart the X-server with Ctrl+Alt+Backspace.
I tried making a fresh OS install but the issue persists.
Does anyone know what might be the issue? It's rather annoying to have to quit all GUI apps to get sound to work.
I had a similar (same?) problem after upgrading my Kubuntu installation to 20.10. The cause was Pipewire, which got installed in the upgrade.
The solution, for me, was to disable the Pipewire service:
sudo systemctl --global disable pipewire
sudo systemctl reboot
That seemed to do the trick, but I ended up uninstalling the Pipewire binary, too:
sudo apt purge pipewire
P.S. Pipewire seems great in its promise! But I guess it still needs a bit more time to mature and to be properly integrated into the distribution(s).
I too have a similar problem since upgrading to Kubuntu 20.10. After each reboot, I have to enter audio settings, change the Built-In audio profile to something else, and then back to what was set and it works until the next restart.
I've also tried forcibly creating a new profile, as described below, but that was no help.
rm -r ~/.config/pulse
killing PulseAudio and restarting
pulseaudio -k
| 45,814 |
|
https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tipula%20cladacantha | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Tipula cladacantha | https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tipula cladacantha&action=history | Swedish | Spoken | 30 | 65 | Tipula cladacantha är en tvåvingeart som beskrevs av Alexander 1945. Tipula cladacantha ingår i släktet Tipula och familjen storharkrankar. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.
Källor
Storharkrankar
cladacantha | 44,505 |
https://github.com/Xenation/Ludum-Dare-40/blob/master/Assets/Prefabs/Entities/Player.prefab | Github Open Source | Open Source | Apache-2.0 | 2,017 | Ludum-Dare-40 | Xenation | Unity3D Asset | Code | 2,851 | 13,077 | %YAML 1.1
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| 29,132 |
https://github.com/mdrillin/dashbuilder/blob/master/dashbuilder-client/dashbuilder-lienzo/dashbuilder-lienzo-core/src/main/java/com/ait/lienzo/client/core/shape/Polygon.java | Github Open Source | Open Source | Apache-2.0 | null | dashbuilder | mdrillin | Java | Code | 392 | 1,168 | /*
Copyright (c) 2014,2015 Ahome' Innovation Technologies. All rights reserved.
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/
package com.ait.lienzo.client.core.shape;
import com.ait.lienzo.client.core.Attribute;
import com.ait.lienzo.client.core.Context2D;
import com.ait.lienzo.client.core.shape.json.IFactory;
import com.ait.lienzo.client.core.shape.json.validators.ValidationContext;
import com.ait.lienzo.client.core.shape.json.validators.ValidationException;
import com.ait.lienzo.client.core.types.BoundingBox;
import com.ait.lienzo.client.core.types.Point2D;
import com.ait.lienzo.client.core.types.Point2DArray;
import com.ait.lienzo.shared.core.types.ShapeType;
import com.google.gwt.json.client.JSONObject;
/**
* A polygon is traditionally a plane figure that is bounded by a closed path,
* composed of a finite sequence of straight line segments.
*/
public class Polygon extends AbstractMultiPointShape<Polygon>
{
/**
* Constructor. Creates an instance of a polygon.
*
* @param points a {@link Point2DArray} containing 3 or more points
*/
public Polygon(final Point2DArray points)
{
super(ShapeType.POLYGON);
setPoints(points);
}
public Polygon(final Point2D point, final Point2D... points)
{
this(new Point2DArray(point, points));
}
protected Polygon(final JSONObject node, final ValidationContext ctx) throws ValidationException
{
super(ShapeType.POLYGON, node, ctx);
}
@Override
public BoundingBox getBoundingBox()
{
return new BoundingBox(getPoints());
}
/**
* Draws this polygon.
*
* @param context
*/
@Override
protected boolean prepare(final Context2D context, final Attributes attr, final double alpha)
{
final Point2DArray list = attr.getPoints();
if ((null != list) && (list.size() > 2))
{
Point2D point = list.get(0);
context.beginPath();
context.moveTo(point.getX(), point.getY());
final int size = list.size();
for (int i = 1; i < size; i++)
{
point = list.get(i);
context.lineTo(point.getX(), point.getY());
}
context.closePath();
return true;
}
return false;
}
/**
* Gets this polygon's points.
*
* @return {@link Point2DArray}
*/
public Point2DArray getPoints()
{
return getAttributes().getPoints();
}
/**
* Sets this polygon's points.
*
* @param points a {@link Point2DArray} of 3 or more points
* @return this Polygon
*/
public Polygon setPoints(final Point2DArray points)
{
getAttributes().setPoints(points);
return this;
}
@Override
public Polygon setPoint2DArray(Point2DArray points)
{
return setPoints(points);
}
@Override
public Point2DArray getPoint2DArray()
{
return getPoints();
}
@Override
public IFactory<Polygon> getFactory()
{
return new PolygonFactory();
}
public static class PolygonFactory extends ShapeFactory<Polygon>
{
public PolygonFactory()
{
super(ShapeType.POLYGON);
addAttribute(Attribute.POINTS, true);
}
@Override
public Polygon create(final JSONObject node, final ValidationContext ctx) throws ValidationException
{
return new Polygon(node, ctx);
}
}
}
| 36,038 |
6981866_2 | Court Listener | Open Government | Public Domain | 2,022 | None | None | English | Spoken | 2,004 | 3,118 | Finally, Justice Scalia's assessment of Lee's effect on Lemon has been sanctioned by another (post-Lamb’s Chapel) panel of this court. See Doe v. Duncanville Indep. Sch. Dist., 994 F.2d 160, 166 n. 7 (5th Cir.1993) (eschewing “Lemon analysis in favor of a more case-bound approach” because, although normally " 'it is neither [this court’s] object nor [its] place to opine whether the Court’s Establishment Clause jurisprudence is good, fair, or useful,' ... recent indications suggest that the Court agrees with [a terminal] assessment of Lemon, essentially ignoring it in Lee in favor of the school prayer cases”) (quoting Jones, 977 F.2d at 966, and citing to Justice Scalia's dissent in Lee); see also Bauchman v. West High School, 132 F.3d 542, 551-52 (10th Cir.1997) ("Justice O'Connor's 'endorse*829ment test’ is now widely accepted as the controlling analytical framework for evaluating Establishment Clause claims.”), cert. denied, - U.S. -, 118 S.Ct. 2370, 141 L.Ed.2d 738 (1998); but see Helms v. Picard, 151 F.3d 347, 362 (5th Cir.1998) ("[T]he Supreme Court has not abandoned, nor even fundamentally changed, the Lemon test.”), amended 165 F.3d 311 (5th Cir.1999).
Even if the Supreme Court has not yet effectively abandoned the Lemon test, the majority's insistence that schools bar sectarian and proselytizing prayers would surely fail Lemon’s excessive entanglement test. Compare, Ingebretsen v. Jackson Pub. Sch. Dist., 88 F.3d at 279 (to the extent that a statute requires school officials to review the content of prayers to ensure that they meet nonsectarian and nonproselytizing requirements, that statute excessively entangles government with religion); Lee, 505 U.S. at 617, 112 S.Ct. 2649 (Souter, J., concurring) (describing as "undefinable” the point at which a state-approved, ecumenical prayer becomes so closely identified with the sacred text of a specific religion that a breach of the Establishment Clause has occurred); and Widmar v. Vincent, 454 U.S. 263, 272 n. 11, 102 S.Ct. 269, 70 L.Ed.2d 440 (1981) (finding that a university would entangle itself with religion by attempting to exclude "religious speech” because enforcing that exclusion would require officials to distinguish between religious and nonreligious speech); with Clear Creek II, 977 F.2d at 968 (stating that "we know of no authority that holds yearly review of unsolicited material for sectarianism and proselytization to constitute excessive entanglement”).
. This principle of neutral accommodation is fully consistent with and anticipated by Lee, see id., 505 U.S. at 598-99, 112 S.Ct. 2649 ("We recognize that, at graduation time and throughout the course of the educational process, there will be instances when religious values, religious practices, and religious persons will have some interaction with the public schools and their students.”) (citing Mergens); id. at 630 n. 8, 112 S.Ct. 2649 (Souter, J., joined by Stevens & O’Connor, U., concurring) ("If the State had chosen its graduation day speakers according to wholly secular criteria, and if one of those speakers (not a state actor) had individually chosen to deliver a religious message, it would have been harder to attribute an endorsement to the State.”), and has been both sustained and augmented by the Court's more recent cases. See, e.g., Rosenberger, 515 U.S. at 842, 115 S.Ct. 2510 (slating, once again, that "[i]t does not violate the Establishment Clause for a public university to grant access to its facilities on a religion-neutral basis to a wide spectrum of student groups, including groups which use meeting rooms for sectarian activities”); Capitol Square Review and Advisory Board v. Pinette, 515 U.S. 753, 766, 115 S.Ct. 2440, 132 L.Ed.2d 650 (1995) (plurality) ("Religious expression cannot violate the Establishment Clause where it (1) is purely private and (2) occurs in a traditional or designated public forum, publicly announced and open to all on equal terms.”); Board of Education v. Grumet, 512 U.S. 687, 696, 114 S.Ct. 2481, 129 L.Ed.2d 546 (1994) (" 'A proper respect for both the Free Exercise and the Establishment Clauses compels the State to pursue a course of neutrality toward religion,' favoring neither one religion over others nor religious adherents collectively over no-nadherents.”) (quoting Nyquist, 413 U.S. at 792-93, 93 S.Ct. 2955); Zobrest v. Catalina Foothills Sch. Dist., 509 U.S. 1, 8, 113 S.Ct. 2462, 125 L.Ed.2d 1 (1993) (noting that "government programs that neutrally provide benefits to a broad class of citizens defined without reference to religion are not readily subject to an Establishment Clause challenge,” for, if the reverse were true, "then 'a church could not be protected by the police and fire departments, or have its public sidewalk kept in repair’ ”) (quoting Widmar, 454 U.S. at 274-75, 102 S.Ct. 269).
. On this point, it is important to note that Clear Creek II clearly rests on an interpretation of "invocation” and "benediction” that is itself free of all religious content. Clear Creek II, 977 F.2d at 969. This fact goes some way towards distinguishing the result in Clear Creek II from the contrary decision of the Third Circuit in ACLU v. Black Horse Pike Regional Bd. of Educ., 84 F.3d 1471 (3d Cir.1996) (en banc), where the challenged policy provided for a student-elected, student-given, "invocation and benediction prayer." Id. at 1475 (emphasis added).
. But see Lamb's Chapel, 508 U.S. at 392-93, 113 S.Ct. 2141 (suggesting, prior to our decision in Duncanville, that even in a nonpublic forum, the neutral accommodation principle applies).
.The majority cites only one case in support of its rigid view that a graduation ceremony (or portions thereof) could not constitute a public forum. In its citation of, and quotation from, that case the majority takes more liberties than should be allowable. In quoting Brody v. Spang, the majority panhandles a remote district court's musings as Third Circuit law without proper attribution. The quotation reads,
Graduation ceremonies have never served as forums for public debate or discussions, or as a forum through which to allow varying groups to voice their views.
Ante at 819 (quoting Brody v. Spang, 957 F.2d 1108, 1119-20 (3d Cir.1992) (quoting Lundberg v. West Monona Community Sch. Dist., 731 F.Supp. 331 (N.D.Iowa 1989))). But the Brody court did not indicate any agreement in quoting the Iowa district court. In fact, the Brody court followed its discussion of Lundberg with the following statement:
Nonetheless, it is certainly possible that the commencement exercises at Downingtown Senior High School could qualify as a public forum, and nothing in the present record demonstrates otherwise. More specifically, although the 'terms of the consent decree [at issue in this case] suggest that the pool of potential graduation speakers is confined to members of the school community and invited guests, this simply indicates that any forum created is a limited one, and does not preclude a finding that the ceremony has been designated as a public forum.
Brody, 957 F.2d at 1120 (citing Hazelwood Sch. Dist. v. Kuhlmeier, 484 U.S. 260, 267, 108 S.Ct. 562, 98 L.Ed.2d 592 (1988)).
. As these citations reveal, the majority applies factors designed for use in analyzing "as-applied” challenges to government restrictions on speech when the plaintiff has brought a facial challenge to a policy not yet implemented.
. See, e.g., Ward v. Rock Against Racism, 491 U.S. 781, 791, 109 S.Ct. 2746, 105 L.Ed.2d 661 (1989) ("[E]ven in a public forum the government may impose reasonable restrictions on the time, place, or manner of protected speech, provided [that] the restrictions 'are justified without *833reference to the content of the regulated speech, that they are narrowly tailored to serve a significant governmental interest, and that they leave open ample alternative channels for communication of the information.' ”) (quoting Clark v. Community for Creative Non-Violence, 468 U.S. 288, 293, 104 S.Ct. 3065, 82 L.Ed.2d 221 (1984)).
. Lamb’s Chapel and Pinette positively suggest that a "nonsectarian, nonproselytizing" content limitation is itself unconstitutional in this setting. See Lamb's Chapel, 508 U.S. at 394, 113 S.Ct. 2141 (noting that " 'government violates the First Amendment when it denies access to a speaker solely to suppress the point of view he espous*834es/” and holding that a requirement of no religious content constitutes such an impermissible viewpoint restriction) (quoting Cornelius, 473 U.S. at 806, 105 S.Ct. 3439); Pinette, 515 U.S. at 766, 115 S.Ct. 2440 (stating that "giving sectarian religious speech preferential access to a forum ... would violate the ... Free Speech Clause, since it would involve a content limitation,” and thereby implying that the reverse would also be true). Although Clear Creek II clearly held that a "nonsectarian, nonproselytiz-ing” content limitation was constitutionally permissible in the context of a limited public forum, see Clear Creek II, 977 F.2d at 967 & 971, Lamb's Chapel and Pinette are subsequent decisions of the Supreme Court, so it would appear that this holding has been overruled.
. Although the question is not before us, courts and commentators have criticized the idea that an elected class could qualify either as "religion neutral” or even as a proper class for public forum and Mergens purposes. See, e.g., Doe v. Madison Sch. Dist. No. 321, 147 F.3d 832, 834 n. 7 (9th Cir.1998) (finding selection by grade point a superior method in this regard); Black Horse, 84 F.3d at 1477-78; Recent Case, 110 Harv. L. Rev. 781, 783-84 (1997); Rick A. Swanson, Time for a Change: Analyzing Graduation Invocations and Benedictions under Religiously Neutral Principles of the Public Fomm, 26 U. Mem. L. Rev. 1405, 1422-25, 1432-33 & n. 95 (1996); cf. Widmar, 454 U.S. at 275, 102 S.Ct. 269 (making explicit exception for the situation where "empirical evidence [shows] that religious groups will dominate the forum”); Pinette, 515 U.S. at 766, 115 S.Ct. 2440 (noting that "one can conceive of a[n unconstitutional] case in which the governmental entity manipulates its administration of the public forum in such a manner that only certain religious groups take advantage of it”); Clear Creek II, 977 F.2d at 969 (stating that "[w]e can imagine discriminatory methods of implementing the [policy] that would make it a tool for governmental endorsement of religion”).
. The Football Policy states:
The board has chosen to permit students to deliver a brief invocation and/or message to be delivered during the pre-game ceremonies of ' home varsity football games to solemnize the event, to promote good sportsmanship and student safety, and to establish the appropriate environment for the competition.
Upon advice and direction of the high school principal, each spring, the high school student council shall conduct an election, by the high school student body, by secret ballot, to determine whether such a statement or invocation will be a part of the pre-game ceremonies and if so, shall elect a student, from a list of student volunteers, to deliver the statement or invocation. The student volunteer who is selected by his or her classmates may decide what message and/or invocation to deliver, consistent with the goals and purposes of this policy.
Like the graduation policy, the Football Policy contains a fallback provision that goes into effect if a court enjoins the enforcement of tire primary policy provisions. If this occurs, the policy goes into effect with the following sentence added to the last paragraph:
Any message and/or invocation delivered by a student must be nonsectarian and nonprosely-tizing.
. The majority also claims to find support in Doe v. Duncanville Indep. Sch. Dist., 70 F.3d 402 (5th Cir.1995), for striking the Football Policy. But Duncanville was an entirely different case, involving private prayers among team members — not "public” prayers or messages in any sense.
. The quote is from the Book of the Prophet Micah, ch. 6, v. 8 ("He has showed you, 0 man, what is good. And what does the Lord require of you? To act justly and to love mercy and to walk humbly with your God.”).
.Cf. Rosenberger, 515 U.S. at 835, 115 S.Ct. 2510 ("The first danger to liberty lies in granting the State the power to examine publications to determine whether or not they are based on some ultimate idea and, if so, for the State to classify them.”).
. The Koran, Al-Furqan 25:63, at 256 (N.J. Dawood trans., Penguin Books 1997).
| 34,355 |
https://github.com/lwhsu/swift/blob/master/validation-test/compiler_crashers_2_fixed/0178-rdar-45060773.swift | Github Open Source | Open Source | Apache-2.0 | 2,022 | swift | lwhsu | Swift | Code | 18 | 92 | // RUN: %target-swift-frontend(mock-sdk: %clang-importer-sdk) -c -primary-file %s %S/Inputs/0178-rdar-45060773-other.swift -o /dev/null
// REQUIRES: objc_interop
func doit() {
MyCls().something(true)
}
| 35,149 |
https://github.com/keepForwardDev/jmicroservice--admin/blob/master/src/components/common-page/commonTable.vue | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | null | jmicroservice--admin | keepForwardDev | Vue | Code | 203 | 777 | <template>
<div class="table-area">
<el-table
:data="tableData"
v-loading="tableLoading"
@sort-change="changeSort"
@selection-change="changeSelectList"
style="width: 100%">
<el-table-column v-if="isShowSelect" type="selection" width="55" fixed align="center" />
<el-table-column v-for="(item, key) in tableHeader" show-overflow-tooltip :key="key" min-height="46" :prop="item.prop" :label="item.label" :fixed="item.fixed || false" :sortable="item.sortable||false" :size="item.size || 100" :align="item.alignType||'center'">
<template slot-scope=" { row }">
<div v-if="item.formatter">
<div v-if="item.html" v-html="item.formatter(row[item.prop])" />
<span v-else>
{{item.formatter(row[item.prop])}}
</span>
</div>
<div v-else>
<div v-if="item.html" v-html="row[item.prop]" />
<span v-else>
{{row[item.prop]}}
</span>
</div>
</template>
</el-table-column>
<el-table-column v-if="isShowOperation" label="操作" align="center" fixed="right" :min-width="`${operateWidth}px`">
<template slot-scope="{ row }">
<slot name="operate" :row="row" />
</template>
</el-table-column>
</el-table>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name: 'commonTable',
props: {
tableData: { // 表格数据
type: Array,
default: () => {
return []
}
},
tableHeader: { // 表头配置信息
type: Array,
default: () => {
return []
}
},
tableLoading: { // 表格加载动画
type: Boolean,
default: false
},
multipleSelection: { // 多选
type: Array,
default: () => {
return []
}
},
isShowOperation: {
type: Boolean,
default: () => {
return true
}
},
isShowSelect: {
type: Boolean,
default: () => {
return true
}
},
operateWidth: {
type: Number,
default: () => {
return 120
}
}
},
data () {
return {
}
},
methods: {
changeSort (sort) {
this.$emit('sort-events', sort)
},
changeSelectList (val) {
this.$emit('update:multipleSelection', val)
}
}
}
</script>
| 3,288 |
https://github.com/Zalewa/MasterOfGalaxy/blob/master/core/src/masterofgalaxy/ecs/components/EntityTargetComponent.java | Github Open Source | Open Source | BSD-2-Clause-FreeBSD | null | MasterOfGalaxy | Zalewa | Java | Code | 29 | 99 | package masterofgalaxy.ecs.components;
import com.badlogic.ashley.core.Component;
import com.badlogic.ashley.core.Entity;
import com.badlogic.gdx.utils.Pool;
public class EntityTargetComponent extends Component implements Pool.Poolable {
public Entity target;
@Override
public void reset() {
target = null;
}
}
| 34,108 |
https://openalex.org/W4297919736 | OpenAlex | Open Science | CC-By | 1,979 | Oxidimetric Determination of Ascorbic Acid using Potassium Hexacyanoferrate(III) | U. MURALIKRISHNA | English | Spoken | 1,239 | 3,059 | J. IDdlaD a... See ••
Vol. LVI, AIIJlllt 19'7t, pp. 7f4·79S J. IDdlaD a... See ••
Vol. LVI, AIIJlllt 19'7t, pp. 7f4·79S Oxidimetric Determination of Ascorbic Acid using
Potassium Hexacyanoferrate(III)
U. MURALIKRISHNA111, Y. V. S. K. SBSHA SAYI and T. V. RAGHU RAM
Department of Chemistry, Andhm University, Waltair-680 OOB
M~Snworijlt 1'6C6WBd 4 December 19'18, 1'111liud 29 M~Sy19'19. ~Scaepttd 21 Jut~.~ 19'19 Ascorbic acid is determined titrimetrically usiug potauium bexacyanoferrate(lll)
as oxidimetric reagent in 12·14M acetic acid and 0.4-l.SM solplturic acid medium. Diphenylamine is used as indicator iD the visual titration. The formal potentials for
ferrieyanlde/ferrocyanide system in the above medium are determiued. The present
procedure tolerates, to a fairly large extent, the presence of several organic compounds
likely to be associated with ascorbic acid in plant tissues. POTASSIUM hexacyanoferrate(III) is described as
a one equivalent electron abstracting reagent1 and
is used for the determination of many organic
compounds. Several earlier workers•-s determined
ascorbic acid using potassium hexacyanoferrate(III),
among them Erdey et al 11 reported an error of
- 1.67 to + 3.80 in their automatic microtitration
and Weisner et al10 reported an error of 2·3% in an
indirect determination. TABI.B 1-VISUAJ. TITRATION OP ASCORBIC ACID
VB P01'ASSIU.M HEXACVANOIIBRRATIC(Ill)
FERRICYANTDIC : 0.1118M;
ASCORBIC ACID : O.O!f.916M
81. No. Amount of
Amount of
Staudard
ascorbic aoid
aacorbio acid ,
Deviation
taken
found
mg
mg
1
86.56
89.19
2
86.116
89.02
B
86.66
89.87
0.111
!l
77.91
80.3!&
5
78.68
75.80
6
!1.8.!!8
!f.US! TABI.B 1-VISUAJ. TITRATION OP ASCORBIC ACID
VB P01'ASSIU.M HEXACVANOIIBRRATIC(Ill)
FERRICYANTDIC : 0 1118M;
ASCORBIC ACID : O O!f 916M The detection and determination of diphenyl·
amine in 11·14 M acetic acid and 0.5-l.S M
sulphuric acid medium using potassium hexacyano-
ferrate(III) has been reported by us11• This led
us to take up the oxidation of ascorbic acid using
diphenylamine as indicator in the above medium. Potentiometric Titration : 70 ml of glacial acetic acid (12M overall), 10 ml
of sulphuric acid of 5 M (0.5 M overall) are taken
in a 150 ml beaker; 1.0 ml of diphenylamine and an
aliquot of ascorbic acid are added. The total
volume of the solution is kept at 100 ml at the end
point. Titration is carried out with potassium
hexacyanoferrate(III) using bright platinum elec-
trode as the indicator electrode and saturated
calomel electrode as reference one, and ammonium
nitrate salt bridge (sintered disc type). Steady
potentials are obtained during titration within 1
minute well before and after the end ~int and
within 3-4 minutes just around the end potnt. The
results are presented in Table 2. Experimental 0.1 M solution of potassium hexacyanoferrate-
(111) (B.D.H. AnalaR) was prepared by weighing
and standardised iodometrically11 • 0.05 M solution
of ascorbic acid (G. R. SMC) was prepared by
weighing and standardised according to Ballentine's
erocedure111• 0.01 M solution of diphenylamine
(E. Merck} was prepared in glacial acetic acid
(Selectipur, Merck). All other chemicals are of
analytical reagent grade quality. MURALIKRISRNA, SBSHA SAYI &; RAOHU RAM : OXIDIMBTRIC DBTBRMINATION OF ASCORBIC ACID ate. Interferences : Interferences : The potentiometric determination agrees with
that of Ballentine's18 • The formal potentials of
ferricyanide/ferrocyanide
system
increase
with
increase in the percentage of acetic acid. The
formal potential at the conditions recommended in
the procedure is 958 mV (at 70% acetic acid
medium) against NHE. A 100-fold excess (concentrationwise) of cit.ric
acid, tartaric acid, glucose, phenol, hydrazme
sulphate, hydroxylamine hydrochloride do not
interfere. Visual Titration : T.ABJ.E 1!-POT:SN'l'IO.MB'l'RIC TI'l'RA'l'ION OF ASCOllBIC
ACID liB Po'l'ASSIUM HBXACYANOJIBllRA'l'Btlll)
F:SRRICYANID:S: 0.1118M; ASCORBIC ACID; 0.0!1.911iM
81. No. Amouut of
Amount of
Standard
ascorbic acid
ascorbic acid
Deviation
taken
found
mg
mg
1
86.56
86.10
2
86.66
86.10
s
86.116
86.60
!l
78.58
78.31
0.19
5
!1.8.98
!1.8.10
6
60.59
60.!1.!! T.ABJ.E 1!-POT:SN'l'IO.MB'l'RIC TI'l'RA'l'ION OF ASCOllBIC
ACID liB Po'l'ASSIUM HBXACYANOJIBllRA'l'Btlll)
F:SRRICYANID:S: 0.1118M; ASCORBIC ACID; 0.0!1.911iM
81. No. Amouut of
Amount of
Standard
ascorbic acid
ascorbic acid
Deviation
taken
found
mg
mg
1
86.56
86.10
2
86.66
86.10
s
86.116
86.60
!l
78.58
78.31
0.19
5
!1.8.98
!1.8.10
6
60.59
60.!1.!! 70 ml of glacial acetic acid (12 M overall),
10 ml of sulphuric acid of 5 M (0.5 M overall},
1.0 ml diphenylamine and an aliquot of ascorbic
acid are taken in an Erlenmeyer flask such that the
total volume at end point is kept at 100 mi. and
titratod against standard potassium hexacyano·
ferrate(III) solution. The end point is heralded
by the distinct colour change from colourless to
bluish-violet colour which is stable for at least an
hour. The results are presented in Table 1. 794 Acknowledgement Thanks are due to the C.S.I.R. (India) for
the award
of Junior Research Fellowship to
Y.V.S.K.S.S. and to the U.G.C. for the award of
F.I.P. fellowship to T.V.R. and also to the manage-
ment of M. R. College, Vizianagaram for kindly
deputing T.V.R. for the F.I.P. In the visual titration a positive error of 3.05
±0.1% (with the standard dev:iation. o~ 0.1.5) !s
observed. However, the potentlometnc titration 1s
consistent with the standard method. As such the
potentiometric titration of ascorbic acid in the
medium recommended along with diphenylamine
clearly differentiated the potential break at the
theoretical equivalence point and that obtained
visually. The titration potential values at the
theoretical equivalence point and that at the colour
change of the indicator are 816 mV and 886 mV
against NHE respectively. The reason may probably
be attributed to the Eb1rb value of diphenylamine
being 0.86 vu. requiring further 3% excess of
potassium
hexacyanoferrate(III)
for its being
oxidized. This, therefore, represents the positive
error reported in Table 1 and can be construed as
the indicator error. Diphenyl benzidine, diphenyl-
amine sulfonic acid, n-phenylanthranilic acid are
found to be unsatisfactory in this medium, whose
Eblsh values16 are 0.94 V, 0.91 V and 1.0 V respec-
tively. References 1. B. 8. TSYAGARAJAN, Ohem. B61.1iews,1958, 58, 439. 2
E. G. BAJ<J<, J. Bio~. Ohern., 1937, 118, 219. 3. K. HUBICKA, Ant~ls. Univ. Mtl7''116 Ov.ris·S'k!odows'ka.,
19157, AlO, 35. 4. J
A. C. VANK PINXTHRBN a.nd E. VBRLOOP, Phartn. Wukb!. Ned., 1968, 93, 982. 5. L. ERDJtY a.nd G. SVEBJ<A, Z. AnaZ. 01"m., 1956, 150,
407. 6. M:. K. ABRAMOV a.nd Ya.. K. KADYROV, .A.ptechno11 Delo.,
1956, 5, 28-\19. 7. B. R. SANT, Chemist. Analyst, 1968,47, 65. 8. G. G. RAO a.nd G. 8. R. SAS'l'RY, Ta~anta, 1972, 19, 212. 9. L. EaDJtY, G. SVEHLA a.nd 0. WBBBB., B'rBBeniw' Z. Ana~. Ohetn., 1968, 140, 91-102 ( Ohem Abs., 1968, 69,
9271'1 q ). 10. MARIAJ< WSISNBR, VOELKEL, JSRYZY JUNISWIKZ a.nd
J"AN RAJEWSKI, Ohem. Ana~. Warsaw. 1965, 10, 145;
Ohem • .Abs., 1966, 64, 4269 a.. Order of addition has no effect on either of
these determinations. The colour change in the
visual procedure is distinct between the concentra-
tions 0.4 to 1.5 M with respect to sulphuric acid
and between the concentrations 12-14 M
with
respect to acetic acid. The effect of use of other
acids instead of sulphuric acid has also been studied
and found that perchloric acid acts similarly as
sulphuric acid and hydrochloric and nitric acids
do not give satisfactory colour transition. 11. U. 'MURAJ<IK:RISBNA, T.V. RAGBU RAM a.nd Y. V. B. K. SKSBA BAYI, Indian J, Ohem. (in press). 12. A BKRKA, J. Vur.TKRIN a.nd J. ZYKA, 'Newer Redox
Titra.nts' ; Pergamon Press Ltd., London, Firat edition,
196/J, p. 19. 13. R. BALJ<BTINB, Incl. En.g. Ohem • .Anal. lildn., 1941, 13,
89. 14, E. BISHOP, 'Indioa.tors', Perga.mon Pless Ltd., First
edition, New York, 197!1, p. 673. 795 | 7,298 |
girlfromalsacea00stevgoog_7 | US-PD-Books | Open Culture | Public Domain | null | The Girl from Alsace: A Romance of the Great War; Originally Published Under ... | None | English | Spoken | 7,594 | 9,748 | I wish I knew the secret." " Come and I will show you," she said, laugh- ing gayly, and she led him away into the wood. Presently he heard the sound of falling water, and his guide brought him triumphantly to a brook gurgling over mossy rocks, at whose foot was a shallow basin. " There is my boudoir," she said. " The secret of beauty is in the bath. I will reconnoiter the neigh- borhood while you try it for yourself." Stewart flung off his clothes, splashed joyously into the cold, clear water, and had perhaps the most delicious bath of his life. There was no soap, to be sure, but much may be done by persistent rubbing; and there were no towels, but the warm wind of the morning made them ahnost unnecessary. He got back into his clothes again with a sense of astonish- 206 THE GIRL FROM ALSACE ing well-being — except for a most persistent gnavr- ing at his stomach. " I wonder where we shall breakfast to-day? " he mused as he laced his shoes. " Nowhere, most prob- ably! Oh, well, if that dear girl can stand it, I oughtn't to complain!" And he fell to thinking of her, of her slim grace, of the curve of her red lips " Confound it ! " he said. " I can't stand it much longer. Friendship is all very well, and the big" brother act may do for a while — but I can't keep it up forever, and what's more, I won't ! " And then he heard her calling, in the clear, high voice he had grown to love. *' All right ! " he shouted. '* Come along ! ' Presently she appeared between the trees, and he watched her with beating heart — so straight, so sup- ple, so perfect in every line. " Did the magic work ? " she inquired, gayly. *' Partly ; but it takes more than water to remove a two-days' growth of beard," and Stewart ran a rueful finger over his stubbly chin. " But can it be only two days since you burst into my room at the Kolner Hof, and threw your arms around my neck and kissed me ! " " Please do not speak of it ! '* she pleaded, with THE NIGHT ATTACK 207 crimson cheeks. " It was not an easy thing for a girl to do ; but that spy was watching — ^so I nerved myself, and " "You did it very well, indeed," he said, remi- niscently. " And to think that not once since then " " Once was quite enough." " Oh, I don't blame you ; I know I'm not an at* tractive object. People will be taking us for beauty and the beast." " Neither the one nor the other ! " she corrected. ** Well, I take back the beast ; but not the beauty I You are the loveliest thing I ever saw," he added, huskily. " The very loveliest ! " She looked down at him for an instant, and her eyes were very tender ; then she looked hastily away. " There were to be no compliments until we were out of Germany," she reminded him. " We are out of Germany," he said, and got slowly. to his feet, his eyes on fire. " No, no," she protested, backing hastily away from him. " This is German ground — let me show you ! " and she ran before him out into the meadow. " Look down yonder ! " Looking down, Stewart saw the mighty army yrhich had been mustered to crush France. 20» THE GIRL FROM ALSACE As far as the eye could reach, and from side to side of the broad valley, it stretched — ^masses of men and horses and wagons and artillery — amasses and masses— thousands upon thousands — mile upon tiile. A broad highway ran along either side of the river, and along each road a compact host moved steadily westward toward Liege. Suddenly from the west came the thunder of heavy guns, and Stewart knew that the attack had commenced again. Again men were being driven forward to death, as they would be driven day after day, until the end, whatever that might be. And whatever it was, not a single dead man could be brought to life; not a single maimed man made whole ; not a single dollar of the treasure which was being poured out like a flood could be recovered. It was all lost, wasted, worse than wasted, since it was being used to destroy, not to create! Incredible-^ impossible — ^it could not be! Even with that mighty army beneath his eyes, Stewart told him- self for the hundredth time that it could not be! ^ The voice of his comrade broke in upon his thotjghts. " We must work our way westward along the hills until we come to the Meuse," she said. " This is the THE NIGHT ATTACK 209 yalley of the Vesdre, which flows into the Meuse, so we have only to follow it." " Can't you prevail upon your fairy godmother to provide breakfast first ? " asked Stewart. " Fm sure you have only to wish for it, and the table would appear laden with an iced melon, bacon and eggs, crisp rolls, yellow butter, and a pot of coffee — I think I can smell the coffee ! " He closed his eyes and sniffed. " How perfect it would be to sit right here and eat that breakfast and watch the Germans I Oh, well," he added, as she turned away, " if not here, then somewhere else. Wait! Isn't that a house over yonder ? " It was indeed a tiny house whose gable just showed among the trees, and they made their way cautiously toward it. It stood at the side of a small garden, with two or three outbuildings about it, and it was shielded on one side by an orchard. No smoke rose from the chimney, nor was there any sign of life. And then Stewart, who bad been crouching behind the hedge beside his companion, looking at all this, rose suddenly to his feet and started for- ward. " Come on," he cried; " the Germans haven't been this way — ^there's a chicken," and he pointed to 210 THE GIRL FROM ALSACE where a plump hen was scratching industriously under the hedge. *' Here is another sign," said the girl, as they crossed the garden, and pointed to the ground. " The potatoes and turnips have not been dug." ! " It must be here we're going to have that break- fast ! " cried Stewart, and knocked triumphantly at the door. There was no response and he knocked again. Then he tried the door, biit it was locked. There was another door at the rear of the house, but it also was locked. There were also three windows, but they were all tightly closed with wooden shut- ters. " We've got to have something to eat, that's cer- tain," said Stewart, doggedly. " We shall have to break in," and he looked about for a weapon with which to attack the door. "No, no," protested the girl, quickly. "That would be too like the Uhlans ! Let us see if there is not some other way ! " "What other way can there be?" " Perhaps there is none," she answered ; " and if there is not, we will go on our way, and leave this house undamaged. You too seem to have been poi- soned by this virus of war 1 " THE NIGHT ATTACK 2 1 1 " I only know Fm starving! " said Stewart. " If I've been poisoned by anything, it's by the virus of appetite ! " "If you were ia your own country, and found i yourself hungry, would you break into the first house you came to in order to get food ? " she demanded. " Certainly not — ^you would do without food before you would do that. Is it not so? " " Yes," said Stewart, in a low tone. " That is so. You are right." " Perhaps I can find something," she said, more gently. " At least I will try. Remain here for a moment," and she hurried away toward the out- buildings. Stewart stared out into the road and reflected how easy — ^how inevitable almost — ^it was to become a robber among thieves, a murderer among cut- throats. And he understood how it happens that in war even the kindliest man may become blood- thirsty, even the most honest a looter of dfefenseless homes. " See what I have found I " cried a voice, and he turned to see the girl running toward him with hands outstretched. In each hand she held three eggs. "Very well for a beginning," he commented. 21X THE GIRL FROM ALSACE ** Now for the melon, the bacon, the rolls, the butter, and the coffee ! " " I fear that those must wait," she said. " Here is your breakfast," and she handed him three of the eggs. Stewart looked at tl;iem rather blankly. " Thanks ! " he said. " But I don't quite see '^ " Then watch ! " Sitting down on the doorstep, she cracked one of her eggs gently, picked away the loosened bit of shell at its end, and put the egg to her lips. " Oh ! " he said. " So thafs it ! " and sitting down beside her, he followed her example. He had heard of sucking eggs, but he had never before tried it, and he found it rather difficult and not particularly pleasant. But the first egg undoubt- edly did assuage the pangs of hunger; the second assuaged them still more, and the third quite ex- tinguished them. In fact, he felt a little surfeited. " Now," she said, " for the dessert." " Dessert ! " protested Stewart. " Is there des- sert? Why didn't you tell me? I never heard of dessert for breakfast, and I'm afraid I haven't room for it!" " It will keep ! " she assured him, and leading him around the larger of the outbuildings, she showed THE NIGHT ATTACK 213 him a tree hanging thick with ruddy apples. " There are our supplies for the campaign ! " she announced. " My compliments ! " he said. " You would make a great general.'* I They ate one or two apples and then filled their pockets. From one of hers, the girl drew a pipe and pouch of tobacco. " Would you not like to smoke? " she asked. " I have been told that a pipe is a great comfort in times of stress ! " And Stewart, calling down blessings upon her head, filled up. Never had tobacco tasted so good, never had that old pipe seemed so sweet, as when he blew out the first puff upon the morning air. *' Salvation Yeo was right," he said. " As a hun- gry man's food, a sad man's cordial, a chilly man's fire, there's nothing like it under the canopy of heaven! I only wish you could enjoy it too! " " I can enjoy your enjoyment ! " she laughed as they set happily off together. At the corner of the wood, Stewart turned for a last look at the house. it How glad I am I didn't break in ! " he said. CHAPTER XII AN ARMY IN ACTION The sound of cannonading grew fiercer and fiercer, as they advanced, and the undertone of rifle fire more perceptible. It was evident that the Germans were rapidly getting more and more guns into action, and that the infantry attack was also being hotly pressed. Below them in the valley, they caught glimpses from time to time, as the trees opened out a little, of the gray-clad host marching steadily forward, as though to overwhelm the forts by sheer weight of numbers ; and then, as they came out above a rocky bluff, they saw a new sight — an ear- nest that the Belgians were fighting to some pur- pose. In a level field beside the road a long tent had been pitched, and above it floated the flag of the Red Cross. Toward it, along the road, came slowly a seemingly endless line of motor ambulances. Each of them in turn stopped opposite the tent, and white- clad assistants lifted out the stretchers, each with its AN ARMY IN ACTION 215, huddled occupant, and. carried them quickly, yet very carefully, inside the tent. In a moment the bearers were back again, pushed the empty stretchers into place, and the ambulance turned and sped swiftly back toward the battlefield. Here, too, it was evi- dent that there was admirable and smoothly-working system — a system which alleviated, so far as it was possible to do so, the horror and the suffering of battle. Stewart could close his eyes and see what was going on inside that tent. He could set the stripping away of the clothing, the hasty examination, the sterilization of the wound, and then, if an operation was necessary, the quick preparation, the application of the ether-cone and the swift, unerring flash of the surgeon's knife. " That's where I should be," he said, half to him- self, " I might be of some use there! " And then he turned his eyes eastward along the road. " Great heavens ! Look at that gun." Along the road below them came a monstrous can- non, mounted on a low, broad- wheeled truck, and drawn by a mighty tractor. It was of a girth so huge, of a weight evidently so tremendous, that it seemed impossible it could be handled at all, and yet it rolled along as smoothly as though it were the 2i6 THE GIRL FROM ALSACE merest toy. Above it stretched the heavy crane which would swing it into the air and place it gently on the trunnions of its carriage. Drawn by an- other tractor, the carriage itself came close behind — more huge, more impressive if possible, than the gun itself. Its tremendous wheels were encircled with heavy blocks of steel, linked together and undulating along the road for all the world like a monster cater- pillar; its massive trail seemed forged to withstand the shock of an earthquake. " So that is the surprise ! " murmured the girl be- neath her breath. And she was right. This was the surprise which had been kept so carefully concealed — ^the Krupp contribution to the war — ^the largest field howitzer ever built, hurling a missile so powerful that neither steel nor stone nor armored concrete could stand against it. In awed silence, the two fugitives watched this mighty engine of destruction pass along the road to its appointed task. Behind it came a motor truck carrying its crew, and then a long train of ammuni- tion carts filled with what looked like wicker bas- « kets — ^but within each of those baskets lay a shell weighing a thousand pounds ! And as it passed, the troops, opening to right and left, cheered it wildly, AN ARMY IN ACTION 217 for to them it meant more than victory — it meant that they would, perhaps, be spared the desperate charge with its almost certain death. Scarcely had the first gone by, when a second gun came rolling along the road, followed by its crew and its ammunition-train; and then a third appeared, seemingly more formidable than either of the others. " These Germans are certainly a wonderful peo- ple," said Stewart, following the three monsters with his eyes as they dwindled away westward along the road. " They may be vain and arrogant and self-confident; apparently they haven't much regard for the rights of others. But they are thorough. We must give them credit for that ! They are prepared for everything." " Yes," agreed his companion; " for everything except one thing." ** And that?" '* The spirit of a people who love liberty. Neither cannon nor armies can conquer that ! The German Staff believed that Belgium would stand aside in fear." * '* Surely you don't expect Belgium to win? " *' Oh, no! But every day she holds the German army here is a battle won for Fr^ce. Oh, France 2i8 THE GIRL FROM ALSACE will honor Belgium now ! See — ^the army has been stopped. It is no longer advancing! " What was happening to the westward they could not see, or even guess, but it was true that the hel- meted host had ceased its march, had broken ranks, and was stacking arms and throwing oS its accouter- ments in the fields along the road. The halt was to be for some time, it seemed, for everywhere camp- kitchens were being hauled into place, fires started, food unloaded. " Come on ! come on ! " urged the girl. " We must reach the Meuse before this tide rolls across it." They pressed forward again along the wooded hillside. Twice they had to cross deep valleys which ran back into the mountain, and once they had a narrow escape from a cavalry patrol which came cantering past so close upon their heels that thej had barely time to throw themselves into the under- brush. They could see, too, that even in the hills caution was necessary, for raiding parties had evi- dently struck up into them, as was proved by aiij' occasional column of smoke rising from a burning house. Once they came upon an old peasant with a face wrinkled like a withered apple, sitting staring down at the German host, so preoccupied that he did not even raise his eyes as they passed. And at AN ARMY IN ACTION 219 last they came out above the broad plain where the Vesdre flows into the Meuse. Liege, with its towers and terraced streets, was concealed from them by a bend in the river and by a bold bluff which thrust out toward it from the east — a bluff crowned by a turreted fortress — ^perhaps the same they had seen the night before— which was vomiting flame and iron down into the valley. The trees and bushes which clothed its sides con- cealed the infantry which was doubtless lying there, but in the valley just below them they could see at battery of heavy guns thundering against the Bel- gian fort. So rapidly were they served that the roar of their discharge was almost continuous, while high above it rose the scream of the shells as they hurtled toward their mark. There was something fascinating in the precise, calculated movement of the gunners — one crouching on the trail, one seated on either side of the bfeech, four others passing up the shells from the caisson close at hand. Their officer was watching the effect of the fire through a field-glass, and speaking a word of direction now and then. Their fire was evidently taking effect, for it was this battery which the gunners in the fort were try- ing to silence — ^trying blindly, for the German guns 220 THE GIRL FROM ALSACE were masked by a high hedge and a strip of orchard, and only a tenuous, quickly-vanishing wisp of white smoke marked the discharge. So the Belgian gun- ners dropped their shells hither and yon, hoping that ^chance might send one of them home. They did not find the battery, but they found other marks — ^ beautiful white villa, on the first slope of the hillside, was torn asunder like a house of cards and a moment later was in flames; a squad of cavalry, riding gayly back from a reconnoissance down the river, was violently scattered; a peasant family, father and mother and three children, hasten- ing along the road to a place of safety, was in- stantly blotted out. It was evident now that the Meuse was the barrier which had stopped the army. Far up toward Liege were the ruins of a bridge, and no doubt all the others had been blown up by the Belgians. Down by the river-bank a large force of engineers were working like mad to throw a pontoon across the swift current. The material had already been brought up— heavy, flat-bottomed boats, carried on wagons drawn by motor-tractors, great beams and planks, boxes of bolts — everything, in a word, needed to build this bridge just here at a point whidi had no doubt been selected long in advance! The AN ARMY IN ACTION 221 bridge shot out into the river with a speed which seemed to Stewart almost miraculous. Boat after boat was towed into place and anchored firmly ; great beams were bolted into position, each of them fitting exactly; and then the heavy planks were laid with the precision and rapidity of a machine. Indeed, 'Stewart told himself, it was really a machine that he -was watching — a machine of flesh and blood, won- derfully trained for just such feats as this. " Look ! look ! " cried the girl, and Stewart, fol- lowing her pointing finger, saw an aeroplane sweep- ing toward them from the direction of the city. Evidently the defenders of the fort, weary of firing; blindly at a battery they could not see, were send- ing a scout to uncover it. The aeroplane flew very high at first — ^so high that the two men in it appeared the merest specks, but al- most at once two high-angle guns were banging away at it, though the shells fell far short. Gradu- ally it circled lower and lower, as if quite uncon- scious of the marksmen in the valley, and as it swept past the hill, Stewart glimpsed the men quite plainly —one with his hands upon the levers, the other, with a pair of glasses to his eyes, eagerly scanning the ground beneath. And then Stewart, happening to glance toward the 222 THE GIRL FROM ALSACE horizon, was held enthralled by a new spectacle. High over the hills to the east flew a mammoth shape, straight toward the fort. Its defenders saw their danger instantly, and hastily elevating some of their guns, greeted the Zeppelin with a salvo. But it came straight on with incredible speed, and as it passed above the fort, a terrific explosion shook the mountain to its base. Stewart, staring with bated breath, told himself that that was the end, that not one stone of that great fortress re- mained upon another; but an instant later, another volley sent after the fleeing airship told that the fort still stood — ^that the bomb had missed its mark. The aeroplane scouts, their vision shadowed by the broad wings of their machine, had not seen the Zeppelin until the explosion brought them sharp round toward it. Then, with a sudden upward swoop, they leaped forward in pursuit. But noth- ing could overtake that monster, — ^it was speeding too fast, it was already far away, and in a moment disappeared over the hills to the west. So, after a moment's breathless flight, the biplane turned, circled slowly above the fort, and dropped down toward the town behind it. Five minutes later, a high-powered shell burst squarely in the midst of the German battery. AN ARMY IN ACTION 223 disabling two of the guns. At once the horses were driven up and the remaining guns whirled away to a new emplacement, while a passing motor ambulance was stopped to pick up the wounded. Stewart, who had been watching all this with something of the feelings of a spectator at some tremendous panorama, was suddenly conscious of a mighty stream of men approaching the river from the head of the valley. A regiment of cavalry rode in front, their long lances giving them an appearance indescribably picturesque ; behind them came column after column of infantry, moving like clock-work, their gray uniforms blending so perfectly with the background that it was difficult to tell where the columns began or where they ended. Their pas- sage reminded Stewart of the quiver of heat above a sultry landscape — sl vibration of the air scarcely per- ceptible. All the columns were converging on the river, and looking toward it, Stewart saw that the bridge was almost done. As the last planks were laid, a squad- ron of Uhlans, which had been held in readiness, dashed across, and deploying fanshape, advanced to reconnoiter the country on the other side. *' That looks like invasion in earnest 1 " said Stewart. ^24 THE GIRL FROM ALSACE • The girl nodded without replying, her eyes on the advancing columns. The cavalry was the first to reach the bridge, and filed rapidly across to reen force their comrades; then the infantry pressed forward in solid column. Stewart could see how the boats settled deep in the water under the tremendous weight. High above all other sounds, came the hideous shriek of a great shell, which flew over the bridge and exploded in the water a hundred yards below it. A minute later, there came another shriek, but this time the shell fell slightly short. But the third shell — ^the third shell ! Surely, Stewart told himself, the bridge will be •cleared; that close-packed column will not be ex- posed to a risk so awful. But it pressed on, with- out a pause, without a break. What must be the soldiers' thoughts, as they waited for the third shell ! Again that high, hideous, blood-curdling shriek split through the air, and the next instant a shell exploded squarely in the middle of the bridge. Stewart had a moment's vision of a tangle of shat- tered bodies, then he saw that the bridge was gone and the river filled with drowning men, weighed down by their heavy accouterments. He could hear AN ARMY IN ACTION 225 their shrill cries of terror as they struggled in the current ; then the cries ceased as the river swept most of them away. Only a very few managed to reach the bank. Stewart hid his face in his trembling hands. It was too hideous! It could not be! He could not bear it — ^the world would not bear it, if it knew ! A sharp cry from his companion told him that the awful drama was not yet played to an end. She was pointing beyond the river, where the cavalry and the small body of infantry which had got across seemed thrown into sudden confusion. Horses reared and fell, men dropped from their saddles. The in- fantry threw themselves forward upon their faces; and then to Stewart's ears came the sharp rattle of musketry. "The Belgians are attacking them!" cried the girl. " They are driving them back ! " But that cavalry, so superbly trained, that infan- try, so expertly officered, were not to be driven back without a struggle. The Uhlans formed into line and swept forward, with lances couched, over the ridge beyond the river and out of sight, in a furious cl^arge. But the Belgians must have stood firm, for at the end of a few moments, the troopers straggled back again, sadly diminished in numbers, and rode 226 THE GIRL FROM ALSACE rapidly away down the river, leaving the infantry to its fate. Meanwhile, on the eastern bank of the river, a bat- tery of quick-firers had already been swung into posi- tion, and was singing its deadly tune to hold the Belgians back. Already the men of that little com- pany on the farther side had found a sort of refuge behind a line of hummocks. Already some heavier guns were being hurried into position to defend tHe bridge which the engineers began at once to rebuild farther down the stream, where it would be better masked from the fort's attack. Evidently the Belgians did not intend to enter that deadly zone of fire, and the fight settled down to a dogged, long-distance one. "We cannot get across here," said the girl at last. " We shall have to work our way downstream until we are past the Germans. If we can join the Belgians, we are safe.'* But to get past the Germans proved a far greater task than they had anticipated. There seemed to be no end to the gray-clad legions. Brigade after bri- gade packed the stretch of level ground along the river, while the road was crowded with an astoimd- ing tangle of transport wagons, cook wagons, armored motors, artillery, tractors, ambulances, and AN ARMY IN ACTION 227 automobiles of every sort, evidently seized by the army in its advance. As he looked at them, Stewart could not but won- der how on earth they had ever been assembled here, ' and, still more, how they were ever going to be got away again. Also, he thought, how easily might they be cut to pieces by a few batteries of machine- guns posted on that ridge across the river! Look- ing across, he saw that the army chiefs had foreseen that daiiger and guarded against it, for a strong body of cavalry had been thrown across the river to screen the advance, while along the bank, behind hasty but well-built intrenchmen^ts, long lines of artillery had been massed to repel any attack from that direction. But no attack came. The little Belgian army evi- dently had its hands full elsewhere, and was very busy indeed, as the roar of firing both up and down the river testified. And then, as the fugitives walked on along the hillside, they saw that one avenue of advance would soon be open, for a company of engineers, heavily guarded by cavalry and quick- firers, was repairing a bridge whose central span had been blown up by the Belgians as they retreated. The bridge had connected two little villages, that on the east bank dominated by a beautiful white chateau placed at the edge of a cliff. Of the vil-* 528 THE GIRL FROM ALSACE lages little remained but smoking ruins, and a flag above the chateau showed that it had been con- yerted into a staff headquarters. Where was the owner of the chateau, Stewart wondered, looking up at it. Where were the womein who had sat and gossiped on its terrace? Where were all the people who had lived in those two vil- lages? Wandering somewhere to the westward, homeless and destitute, every one of them — ^haggard women and hungry children and tottering old men, whose quiet world had turned suddenly to chaos. " Well," he said, at last, " it looks as if we shall have to wait until these fellows clear out. We can't get across the river as long as there is a line like that before it." " Perhaps when they begin to advance, they will leave a break in the line somewhere," his companion suggested. " Or perhaps we can slip across in the darkness. Let us wait and see." So they sat down behind the screen of a clump of bushes, and munched their apples, while they watched the scene below. Stewart even ventured to light his pipe again. A flotilla of boats of every shape and size, com- mandeered, no doubt, all up and down the river, plied busily back and forth, augmenting the troops AN ARMY IN ACTION 229 on the other side as rapidly as possible; and again Stewart marveled at the absolute order and system preserved in this operation, which might so easily have become confused. There was no crowding, no overloading, no hurrying, but everywhere a calm and efficient celerity. A certain number of men entered each of the boats, — Pleading their horses by the bridle, if they were cavalry, — ^and the boats pushed off. Reluctant horses were touched with a whip, but most of them stepped down into the water quietly and without hesitation, showing that they had been drilled no less than their masters, and swam strongly along beside the boat. On the other shore, the disembarkation was conducted in the same unhurried fashion, and the boat swung back into the stream again for another load. But a great army cannot be conveyed across a river in small boats, and it was not until mid-after- noon, when the repairs on the bridge were finished, that the real forward movement began. From that moment it swept forward like a flood — ^first the re- mainder of the cavalry, then the long batteries of quick-firers, then regiment after regiment of in- fantry, each regiment accompanied by its transport. Lookii^ down at the tangle of wagons and guns and motors, Stewart saw that it was not really a 230 THE GIRL FROM ALSACE tangle, but an ordered arrangement, which unrolled itself smoothly and without friction. . The advance was slow, but it was unceasing, and by nightfall at least fifteen thousand men had crossed the river. Still the host encamped along it seemed as great as ever. As one detachment crossed, an- other came up from somewhere in the rear to take its place. Stewart's brain reeled as he gazed down at them and tried to estimate their number; and this was only one small corner of the Kaiser's army. For leagues and leagues to north and south it was pressing forward ; no doubt along the whole frontier similar hosts were massed for the invasion. It was gigantic, incredible — ^that word was in his thoughts more frequently than any other. He could not be- lieve his own eyes; his brain refused to credit the evidence of his senses. Each unit of this great array, each company, each squad, seemed to live its own life and to be suffi- cient unto itself. Stewart could see the company cooks preparing the evening meal; the heavy, wheeled camp-stoves were fired up, great kettles of soup were set bubbling, broad loaves of dark bread were cut into thick slices; and finally, at a bugle call, the men fell into line, white-enameled cups in hand, and received their rations. It seemed to Stew- AN ARMY IN ACTION 231 art that he could smell the appetizing odor of that thick soup— an odor of onions and potatoes and turnips. " Doesn't it make you ravenous ? " he asked.. ^ " Wouldn't you like to have some real solid food to set your teeth into ? Raw eggs and apples — ^ugh ! " " Yes, it does," said the girl, who had been con- templating the scene with dreamy eyes, scarcely speaking all the afternoon. " The French still wear the uniform of 1870," she added, half to herself; " a long bulky blue coat and red trousers." " Visible a mile away—while these fellows melt into the groimd at a hundred yards! If Germany wins, it will be through forethought ! " " But she cannot win ! " protested the girl, fiercely, ** She must not win ! " " Well, all I can say is that France has a big job ahead!" " France will not stand alone ! Already she hais Russia as an ally; Belgium is doing what it can; Servia has a well-tried army. Nor are those all!' England will soon find that she cannot afford to stand aside, and if there is need, other nations will ccane in — Portugal, Rumania, even Italy ! " Stewart shook his head, skeptically. ** I don't know," he said, slowly. " I know noth- 23^ THE GIRL FROM ALSACE ing about world-politics, but I don't believe any na- tion will come in that doesn't have to ! " " That is it— all of them will find that they have to, for Prussian triumph means slavery for all Eu- rope — for the Germans most of all. It is for them as much as for herself that France is fighting — for human rights everywhere — for the poor people who till the fields, and toil in the factories, and sweat in the mines! And civilization must fight with her against this barbarian state ruled by the upturned mustache and mailed fist, believing that might makes right and that she can do no wrong! That is why you and I are fighting on France's side ! " "If nobody fights any harder than I " She stopped him with a hand upon his arm. " Ah, but you are fighting well ! One can fight in other ways than with a rifle— one can fight with one's brains." " It is your brains, not mine, which have done the fighting in this campaign," Stewart pointed out. " Where should I have been but for you? Dead, « most probably, my message lost, my life-work shat- tered ! " He placed his hand quietly over hers and held it fast. " Let us be clear, then," he said. " It is not for AN ARMY IN ACTION 233 freedom, or for any abstract ideal I am fighting. It is for you — -for your friendship, for your " " No, it is for France," she broke in. " I am not worth fighting for — I am but one girl among many millions. And if we win — ^if we get through " She paused, gazing out through the gathering darkness with starry eyes. '* Yes — if we get through," he prompted. " It will mean more to France than many regi- ments ! " and she struck the pocket which contained the letters. " Ah, we must get through — ^we must not fail ! " She rose suddenly and stretched her arms high above her head. " Dear God, you will not let us fail ! " she cried. Then she turned and held out a hand to him. *' Come," she said, quietly ; " if we are to get across, it must be before the moon rises." CHAPTER XIII THE PASSAGE OF THE MEUSE The mist of early evening had settled over the river and wiped away every vestige of the army, save the flaring lights of the camp-kitchens and the white lamps of the motors; but the creaking of wheels, the pounding of engines, and the regular tramp of countless feet told that the advance had not slack- ened for an instant. On the uplands there was still a little light, and Stewart and his compsuiion picked their way cau- tiously down through a belt of woodland, across a rough field, and over a wall, beyond which they found an uneven path, made evidently by a van- ished herd as it went back and forth to its pasture. They advanced slowly and silently, every sense on the alert, but seemingly no pickets had been posted ^' on this side, from which there was no reason to fear an attack, and they were soon down amid the mist, at the edge of the encampment. Here, however, there were sentries — a close line of them ; the fugitives could see them dimly outlined S34 THE PASSAGE OF THE MEUSE 235 against the fires, and could hear their occasional interchange of challenges. " It is impossible to get through here/' whispered the girl. " Let us go on until we are below the bridge. Perhaps we shall find a gap there." So, hand in hand lest they become separated in the darkness, they worked their way cautiously downstream, just out of sight of the line of sentries. " Wait ! " whispered Stewart, suddenly. " What is that ahead ? " Something tall and black and vaguely menacing loomed above them into the night. " The church tower ! " breathed the girl, after a moment. " See — there are ruins all about it — it is the village they burned." They hesitated. Should they enter it, or try to go around? There was something sinister and threat- ening about these roofless, blackened walls which had once been homes; but to go around meant climbing cliffs, meant breathless scrambling — above all, meant loss of time. " We must risk it," said the girl, at last. " We can come back if the place is guarded." Their hands instinctively tightened their clasp as they stole forward into the shadow of the houses,, along what had once been a street, but was now lit* 236 THE GIRL FROM ALSACE tered and blocked with fallen walls and debris of every kind, some of it still smouldering. Every- where there was the stench of half -burned wood, and another stench, more penetrating, more nauseating. Stewart was staring uneasily about him, telling himself that that stench could not possibly be what it seemed, when his companion's hand squeezed his and dragged him quickly aside against a wall. " Down, down ! " she breathed, and they cowered together behind a mass of fallen masonry. Then Stewart peered out, cautiously. Yes, there was someone coming. Far down the street ahead of them a tiny light flashed, disappeared, flashed again, and disappeared. Crowding close together, they buried themselves deeper in the ruins and waited. At last they could hear steps — slow, cautious steps, full of fear — ^and the light appeared again, dancing from side to side. It seemed to be a smaU lantern, carefully shaded, so that only a narrow beam of light escaped; and that beam was sent danc- ing from side to side along the street, in dark cor- ners, under fallen doorways. Suddenly it stopped, and Stewart's heart leaped sickeningly as he saw that the beam rested on a face — Si white face, staring up with sightless eyes. i ; THE PASSAGE OF THE MEUSE 237 The light approached, hung above it — a living hand caught up the dead one, on which there was the gleam of gold, a knife flashed And then, from the darkness almost beside them, four darts of flame stabbed toward the kneeling figure, and the ruins rocked with a great explo- sion. When Stewart opened his eyes again, he saw a squad of soldiers, each armed with an electric torch^ standing about the body of the robber of the dead> while their sergeant emptied his pockets. There were rings — one still encircling a severed finger — money, a watch, trinkets of every sort, some of them quite worthless. The man was in uniform, and the sergeant, rip- ping open coat and shirt, drew out the little identi- fying tag of metal which hung about his neck, broke it from its string, and thrust it into his pocket. Then he gathered the booty into his handkerchief, tied the ; ends together with a satisfied grunt, and gave a gruff command. The lights vanished and the squad stumbled ahead into the darkness. There was a moment's silence. Stewart's nerves were quivering so that he could scarcely control them — ^he could feel his mouth twitching, and put his hand up to stop it. 238 THE GIRL FROM ALSACE " We can't go on/' he muttered. " We must go back. This is too horrible — it is unbearable ! " Together they stole tremblingly out of the ruin, along the littered street, past the church-tower, across the road, over the wall, back into the clean fields. There they flung themselves down gaspingly, side by side. • How sweet the smell of the warm earth, after the stench of the looted town ! How calm and lovely the stars. Stewart, staring up at them, felt a great serenity descend upon him. After all, what did it matter to the universe — ^this trivial disturbance upon this tiny- planet? Men might kill each other*, nations disap- pear ; but the stars would swing on in their courses, the constellations go their predestined ways. Of what significance was man in the great scheme of things ? How absurd the pomp of kings and kaisers, how grotesque their assumption of greatness ! A stifled sob startled him. He groped quickly for his comrade, and found her lying prone, her face buried in her arms. He drew her close and held her as he might have held a child. After all, she was scarcely more than that — a child, delicate and sensi- tive. As a child might, she pillowed her head upon his breast and lay there sobbing softly. THE PASSAGE OF THE MEUSE 239 But the sobs ceased presently ; he could feel how she struggled for self-control ; and at last she turned in his arms and lay staring up at the heavens. " That's right," he said. " Look up at the stars I That helps ! " and it seemed to him, in spite of the^ tramp of feet and the rattle of wheels and curses of savage drivers, that they were alone together in the midst of things, and that nothing else mat- tered. " How sublime they are ! " she whispered. " How they calm and strengthen one ! They seem to under- stand!" She turned her face and looked at him. | 14,877 |
https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigera | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Vigera | https://lmo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vigera&action=history | Lombard | Spoken | 58 | 119 | Vigera (parnonzia local: [vi'dʒejra]; italian: Vigera) l'è ona frazion del comun tesines de Faid, in de la Leventina.
El paes el se troeuva a nord-ovest del centro local, in mezz in tra Osch e Fregg.
L'è stada ona frazion del vegg comun de Osch fina al 2012.
Not
Frazzion in del distret de Leventina
Paes de la Leventina | 49,646 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22505035 | Wikidata | Semantic data | CC0 | null | Kajiba | None | Multilingual | Semantic data | 60 | 181 | Kajiba
Kajiba instans av vattendrag
Kajiba land Kongo-Kinshasa
Kajiba inom det administrativa området Katanga
Kajiba geografiska koordinater
Kajiba Geonames-ID 10054512
Kajiba GNS-ID 12573738
Kajiba
suba sa Republikang Demokratiko sa Congo, Katanga Province
Kajiba
watergang in Congo-Kinshasa
Kajiba is een watergang
Kajiba land Congo-Kinshasa
Kajiba gelegen in bestuurlijke eenheid Katanga
Kajiba geografische locatie
Kajiba GeoNames-identificatiecode 10054512
Kajiba GNS Unique Feature-identificatiecode 12573738 | 18,899 |
sn86072040_1865-01-06_1_4_1 | US-PD-Newspapers | Open Culture | Public Domain | null | None | None | English | Spoken | 4,119 | 6,893 | Closer arms, press closer lips, In steadfastness of understanding; Forevermore that Enid cheek, crimson nestling in your pressing. For these vain words and your tears, She waited yet even; She waited you now—but in the far Resplendent hells of heaven. With patient eyes upon the door, She waited, opening ever, Till death's door we rose cold between Her gaze and gnawing forever. She heard your footsteps in the breeze, And in the wild-bee’s humming; The last breath she shaped to words Said softly, “Is he coming?” Now silenced lies the gentlest heart That ever beat 'neath cover; Since never to be wrung again By you, a sickle lover! Your wrong to her knew never end Till earth's last bonds were riven. Your memory rose cold between Her parting soul and heaven. New vain your false end tardy of, Vein’ your remorseless woe, For whom only you deceive, Lies hushed in dreadless sleeping. Go—not beside that peaceful form Should lying words be spoken. Go prey to God, “Be merciful As she whose bent I’ve broken!” Lucyville Hooper. AN INTELLIGENT WABRIME.—The colored individual known as the “intelligent contraband” has doubtless enlisted, and has been keeping guard at the Covington Ferry, as will be seen by the following which occurred there a day or two since: A merchant doing business in this city, but who rejoices in the possession of an “Old Kentucky Home,” which he visits about twice a week, started with a small valise to cross the river. Arrived on the opposite side, he was confronted by a bayonet, behind which he recognized the somber shadow of the countenance of one of our American brethren of African descent, and at the same time he was brought up standing by hearing the utterance of an imperious “Halt!” “What he's got there?” questioned the sable warrior, pointing to the suspicious valise. “Three dirty shirts, four pairs of socks, a comb, toothbrush, and a bottle of Hiawatha,” were the reply. “Where am your permit to bring them articles into Kaintuck?” demanded the vigilant sentry. The gentleman was nonplussed for a moment, when a happy idea struck him, or rather he struck a happy idea. Taking from his pocket-book a promissory note for $3130, he handed it to the “intelligent contraband,” who, after regarding it upside down and endless with profound attention, returned it, exclaiming as he recovered arms, “all correct; you may pass.”— Cincinnati Paper. 7TH! OLDEST REPUBLIC ON EARTH.— The American Quarterly Review contains a letter from G. W. Irving, giving a sketch of his visit to San Marino, a small Republic in Italy, between the Appenines, the Po and the Adriatic. The territory of this State is only forty miles in circumference, and its population about seven thousand.— The Republic was founded more than one thousand five hundred years ago, on moral principles, industry and equity, and has preserved its liberty and independence amidst all the wars which have raged around it. Bonaparte respected it, and sent an embassy to express his sentiments of fraternity. It is governed by a Captain Regent, chosen every six months by the Representatives of the people (sixty-six in number), who are chosen every six months by the people. The taxes are light, the farm houses are neat, the fields are well cultivated, and on all sides are seen plenty and comfort, the happy effect of morality, simplicity and frugality. N. Henson's terms or Trauma A Way—The first Napoleon wrote to his brother Louis: “Your wife is an excellent and virtuous woman, yet you make her unhappy. Allow her to dance as much as she likes, ’tis the fancy of her age. My wife is forty years old; from my camp tells her to go to mills; yet your wish is that your wife, only just twenty, and in the flush of youth, should shut herself up and spend her days like a nurse, in dressing her baby. You are too much amaster at home, and not enough in your government. Make the mother of your children happy. There is only one way; show her a great deal of esteem and confidence. Uninckily your wife is too virtuous. Were she a coquette she would lead you by the nose. You should have a wife such as some that I know of. She would put you down, and keep you at her feet. It is not my fault she has not done so already.” Here is an incident of the siege of Atlanta: Yankee Picket. “Say, Johnny Reb., how are you off for whisky?” Confederate Picket. Mighty had. How are you of for tobacco?” Y. P. “Darned scarce, and poor at that.” C. P. Lay down your shooting iron, then, and come out. (Both parties having laid down their guns, an armistice follows, and the exchange of luxuries is made. The following dialogue then ensues: Y. P. "You fellows are awful ragged, but I swow you light like all get out." Reb. "Ragged! Right; I reckon we do." But you just wait till we get naked—that’s all! MOD-MM A SEVERE financial storm is predicted as about to fall in England, France and other parts of the old World. Turkey and Spain are already bankrupt, and important political changes and a general war are anticipated. The interview of the Czar and Napoleon had reference to these eventualities. A company in London have bought 140 acres a few miles from the city and propose to enclose it with glass, making a climate like that of Madeira, with the fruits and foliage to be found in that isle. A hotel and residences are to be built, and great prices will be charged for a chance to live under glass. CALIFORNIA ELECTION—The returns from every county in the State, except San Diego, show a total of 102,302 votes—Lincoln, 59,402; McClellan, 42,900. Lincoln's majority, 16,502. San Diego will not change the majority more than twenty-five will add about 23s to the total vote, making it 192,537 less than the rule of last year. Fire-Proof Brick Building, MAIN STREET, warms WALLA, wxr. Wholesale and Retail Dealers in FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC BRY GOODS, CLOTHING, BOOTS, SHOES; HATS, CAPS, Gents’ & Boys’ Furnishing Goods, Staple and Fancy Groceries, Provisions, WINES AND LIQUORS, CIGARS, TOBACCO, Crockery and Glassware, TIN-WARE, Powder, Shot and Safety Fuse CARPETING, Oil Cloth, China Matting, Window Shades, Looking Glasses, Cords, Pictures, Trimmings, Nails, Oils, Glass, Paints Putty, Varnishes, Brushes, Etc. One of our firm residing in New York, and purchasing for the house, we are in constant receipt of the Latest and Newest Styles of Goods, and having our goods from first hands, we are enabled to offer inducements second to no other house on the coast. We call the attention of purchasers and the public in general to our present large and well selected stock, consisting of Dry Goods: SILKS, PLAIN AND FANCY; DELAINS, PLAIDS and DEBEGES; FRENCH and ENGLISH MERINOS; AMERICAN, ENGLISH & FRENCH PRINTS; FLANNELS of all kinds, figures and colors; shawls and CLOAKS; FURS, SCARFS, and a full assortment of GLOVES and GAUNTLETS, GA ITERS, BALMORALS, SHOES and SLIPPERS. CLOTHING: French Beaver Overcoats; Beaver Dress Costs; Cassimere Business Coats; Cape Overcoats; Business Suits; Chinchilla Frock Coats; Black and Fancy French Doeskin Pants; Harrison Pants; Latest style Novelties Pants; Silk, Cassimere Velvet and Plaid Vests Davis & Jones’ and Atkinson’s Shirts; Silk, Shaker Flannel and Merino Under shirts and Drawers; Boots, Bootees and Gaiters 3 Genuine Bank ers’ Quilted Bottom Boots. Use, according to the context, A Large Stock of Groceries, Consisting, in part, of SUGAR—San Francisco refined (some); Sand wich island, New Orleans, and Batavia. TEA.—Young Hysson, Comet, China and Japan. Tea. COFFEE.—Rio, Lignites, Jove, Mills, and Cos. Rice. Also,— SOAP, CANDLES, APPLES, PEACHES, CURRANTS and RAISINS, PRESERVED FRUIT, Standard Mills, Plain and Self-rising FLOUR, OREGON BACON— SIDES and HAMS, OREGON LARD, In Cans & Kegs. BEANS, OF ALL KINDS. HARDWARE MECHANICS’ AND MINERS’ TOOLS, Such as— Shovels and Spades, Sluice Forks and Brush, Wright’s Picks, Hunt’s Axes, Pick and Ax Handles, Bledges and Crowbars, Whip and Cross-cut sets and Files, Rocker Irons, Mining and Frying Pans, Nails of all sizes; Together with a full assortment of Shelf Hardware, Butcher’s, Carpenter’s, Blacksmith’s, Shoemaker’s, Saddler’s and Packer ’s Tools and Material. N. B. Remember the place— Fire-Proof Brick, Main Street, Walla Walla, and give us a call before purchasing elsewhere. Sewing “17mm BRO'S e 00. Jim. 15. 1234. ‘‘‘', o N > s 1864.} BROWN BRO b 85. 00,. {1864. ‘ ‘rm‘nln’o‘or mucx BUILDING, CORNER OF MAIN AND THIRD STREETS, WALLA WALLA, W. T. —-DEALERS IN FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC— Dry Goods, Clothing, Boots and Shoes, HATS AND CAPS, Staphy and Fancy Groceries, Crockery, Glassware, &c. &c. HAVING A BUYER. IN SAN FRANCISCO, WE FLATTER OURSELVES WE ARE ENABLED to offer greater inducements to purchasers than any other house in the city. Our present large stock embraces a full line of French and English Merinoes; rich, new styles of All-wool and Filled De Laines; fine Bombasines; plain and figured Alpacas, Half and all-wool Plaids; Poplins and Deabasies; a fine assortment of American and French Prints. Linen, bleached Flannels, all kinds; Opera, Flannels, all colors. SHAWLS! SHAWLS! CLOAKS! Fine Brocade, Stella, Wool and Grape. Pine Cloth and Silk Velvet. DOMESTICS.—Shirtings, Sheetings, Drills, Denim, Hickorys, Ticking, Bleached and Brown Linens, Canton Flannel, Kentucky Jeans, Satinets, Blankets, &c. &c. EMBROIDERINGS.—Collars, Cuffs, Sleeves, WHITE GOODS.—Junkets, Nainsook, Bard and Bands, and Swiss Mulls. Woolen Goods: Ladies’, Misses and Infants’ Hoods, Sateens, Scarves, Comforters, Gloves, Mitts, (Ste. Carpeting, Drugget, Oil Cloth and Matting. CLOTHING. Our stock of Clothing consists of Broadway styles of Cassimere Pants, New styles Silk Velvet, Cassimere and Cloth Vests. Davis & Jones’ Patent Yoke Shirts; Shaker Flannel, Silk and Merino Undershirts and Drawers; McClellan and Beauregarco Ties; Silk and Linen Handkerchiefs. GROCERIES: N. O., S. F. R. Flour, Island, and Crushed Sugars, Costa Rica, Laguna, Java, Manilla, and Rio Coffee, China and Japan Teas, Green and Black; Soap, Candles, Apples, Peaches, Soda, Cream Tartar, Yeast Powd’s, Pepper, Spice, and Canned Goods of every Description, FLOUR, BACON, BEANS AND LARD. A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF CROCKERY AND GLASSWARE. Especial attention is called to our Large Stock of Miners’ Outfitting Goods, WHICH EMBRACES EVERYTHING IN THAT LINE. and, 1864. 2;-lly BROWN BROS & CO. Walla Walla Bakery ——AL\D- ' PROVISION STORE. Main St, 2 Doors below Walla. Walla. Hotel O. BRECHTEL, MANUFACTURER OF BREAD, PILOT BREAD, BAKED, and Crackers of all kinds; and Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Family GROCERIES, CONFECTIONERIES, Wines, Liquors and Cigars. MERCHANTS, PACKERS and others, in want of, CRACKERShip to the mines will find it to their advantage to call on me before going elsewhere; as I will sell them, Cheaper than they can be Imported. Bread promptly delivered to any part of the city. Gustafners will please call at the Bakery and state where I will have their bread left. The wagon will go around the city every morning and afternoon. Oct. 3,1863. C. J. ALOBS & CO. Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Dry Goods, Clothing, Groceries, BOOTS AND SHOES, HATS AND CAPS, Hardware, Cutlery, and Queensware. A good assortment of Wines and Liquors always on hand; also, MINERS’ TOOLS AND SUPPLIES, Please call and examine our stock, remembering always that it is no trouble to us to show goods. M. C. JACOB & CO. New York 1861 L I N" am'l' O N ’ S STEAM SAW-MILL Is NOW IN OPERATION ON MILL CREEK, Twelve Miles from Town. PRICES OF LUMBER AT THE mill. Ordinary ~$535.00 per M. Second and monthly.............. 8000 “ “ Clear,......... 5000 “ “ Terms, CASH, unless by special agreement, Lumber Will not be delivered without the money or an order from the Office in town. Persons hauling lumber for lumber will be required to haul to the yard in advance. SAMUEL LINKTON, Proprietor, Walla Walla, July 22, 1864. CITY BREWERY. E. MEYER, PROPRIETOR. Lager Beer and Ale FOR SALE AT THE Bunkhead, At Wholesale and by the Measure. BREWERY ON SECOND St. East end of Town, Walla Walla, W. May 64, 1864. IT IS A FACT That all Good Judges of LIQUORS Buy from KERGER & REESE. WALLA WALLA BREWERI. JO. HELLMUTT & CO, At the old Stand, Main Street, Walla Walla, MASSACHUSETTS OF LAGER BEER, All Wholesale and Retail in up Eas I more, KEEP CONSTANTLY ON HAND, A FULL stock of Lager Beer and— of their own manufacture, which they want to be equal in quality to any manufactured in the city. They also constantly on hand a stock of Wines and Liquors of the best brands which they invite everybody to call and purchase. At 121 cents a drink. Dec. 2, 1854. LIVER AND FEED STABLE! Main St. opposite Wells, Fargo & Co’s, Express, Dulce, Walla Walla. THOMAS MUM. PROPRIETOR, RESPECTFULLY ANNOUNCES TO HIS friends and the traveling public that he has just completed a new and commodious livery and feed ambient meadow place, and is prepared to accommodate them with feed and stabling for their animals. He also keeps a First-rate lot of Saddle Horses for Hire. Giving his personal attention to the establishment, and having had 15 years experience in the business, he feels assured that he will be able to give full satisfaction to all. Aug. 26, 1854. Drugs and Medicines. We invite the particular attention of the trade to our present large and well-assorted stock in this line, and to our extra facilities for supplying them at very low rates,—importing as we do, Direct from Eastern Markets. Extra pains will be taken to secure reliable medicines, and in no case will a worthless article be allowed to leave the store. HODGE & CALEF, Dealers in Drugs, Paints and Oils, 97 Front street, Portland. July 4,1863. 29tf Post Office Building, Main Street, WALLA WALLA, W. KELLY Jr. JOHNSON, PROPRIETORS. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN REVENUE sums, And Books and Stationery of every Variety Among their stock may be found a General Assortment of Histories, Bibles, Hymn Books, Testaments, Gift Books, Poetical Works, Bancroft’s Lawyer, Poetical Works, Dictionaries, and a general assortment of miscellaneous works. Also, School Books,—a full stock of all kinds in use in the Schools of the country; together with a complete assortment of Blank Books and Stationery—Ledgers, Journals, Diaries; Letter, Note, Foolscap and Legal paper. Always on hand, a general assortment of Miscellaneous Articles, such as Gold Pens, Pencils, Pencils, Pencils, Mucilage, Inkstands, Blank Notes and Receipts, Envelopes. Yes, Blotting, Tissue and Sand paper, Playing on Blank Cards, Violin strings, Pocket Knives, Rulers, and in fact everything usually found in a Book Store. Just received a large lot of— MISCELLANEOUS BOUND BOOKS: The latest California, Oregon, and Eastern papers received by every steamer. Orders from any of the mining towns will be promptly filled. [Sept. 30, 1864] VAN DYK as WHITMAN’S LIVERY and EXCHANGE STABLES. OUR COMPLETE AND FULL LIVERY STOCK, with all the paraphernalia pertaining to a first-class establishment, on Main Street, Walla Walla, will be at the public service at fair remunerative rates. Stable Open Day and Night, for the accommodation of our customers. Saddle Horses, Buggies, Carriages, and Draught Teams, suitable to all occasions, furnished. 50 HEAD OF HORSES, for parties en route for the mines, at LOW PRICES. Everything pertaining to our line of business, we are prepared to furnish with dispatch and at satisfactory rates. VAN DYK & WHITMAN. Walls Walls, March 15, 1862. Sewing Machine, Madumdugw Maj. AT THE FURNITURE WARE, Aug. 13, 1863, Walls WMIL, Will do you use an Inferior Article WHEN YOU CAN BUY GENUINE LIQUORS AT THE SAME PRICE. Their stock consists, in part, of FINE OLD OLD CANDY BRANDY, JAMES HENISEY, BISQUIN BULOUCHE, SEIGNETTE, PELLEVOSIN, UNITED PROPRIETORS; Together with a large stock of Superior WHISKEYS, including HOLT’S OLD BOURBON, OLD COLUMBIA, DEXTER BOURBON, BOWER’S CUTTER, CUTTER, CUTTER. MILLER, MAGNOLIA, MONONGAHELA. We keep the Genuine OLD JAMAICA RUM, NEW ENGLAND do., FINE OLD BURGUNDY PORT, and DUFF GORDON SHERRY, With a moderate stock of OLD TOM GIN, in Puncheons, Barrels and Kegs. Also, I Piece or so of PURE SWAN AND PHILA. GIN; With a complete stock of desirable brands, too numerous to mention A Large Stock of Dry Goods, Groceries, Crockery Hardware, Drugs, Patent Medicines, Oils, Paints, Varnishes, All of which are unsurpassed in the upper country in extent, variety and quality. KYGER & REESE, Fire-proof Brick, Main street, Walla Walla. November 14, 1863. 48ly. HODGE 85 CALEF Wholesale Druggists, 97 Front Street, PORTLAND, OREGON, OFFER FOR SALE Alcohol, Barrels and Cases, Linseed Oil, Lard Oil Kerosene Oil, all qualities; White Lead in Kegs and pails; Turpentine; Varnishes; Painter's stock; Machine Oil; Tanner’s Oil; Kerosene Lamps; Window Glass, and Quicksilver, At the lowest market Rates. July 4,1863. 2m RICHARDS & MCCRAKEN, Forwarding and Commission MERCHANTS, AND DEALERS IN FLOUR, PORK, BACON, LARD AND FRUIT SALT, LIME, CEMENT & PLASTER. Will give particular attention to the purchase of Merchandise of any description, in the New York, San Francisco, Victoria, and Portland markets. Also, to forwarding Goods in San Francisco and Portland. JAMES R. RICHARDS, JOHN MCCRAKEN, 111 Clay Street, 1 Front street. Portland San Francisco. Near Couch’s wharf. Portland, Nov. 29, 1861. 1y WIBERG & S'nowfififififififififififififififififififififififififififififififififififififififififififififififififififififififififififififififififififififififififififififififififififififififififififififififififififififififi Large and well assorted stock of BOOTS, SHOES, Leather and Shoe Findings, Their stock consists of all the standard make of Boots and shoes, such as Benkert’s Quilted and Dress Boots; Conrad’s do. Gents’ heavy Calf and Kip Boots; Gents’ heavy Calf and Kip Nailed Boots; Boy’s and Gents’ heavy Calf and Kip Nailed Boots; Boys’ and Gents’ heavy Calf Boots; Ladies’ Misses’ and Children’s Balmorals, Gaiters and Calf Boots. Their stock of boots and shoes is large and well assorted in heavy, French-end American Calfskin Kip; Heavy Oregon calf and Kip; Santa Cruz and Oregon Sole Leather; Harness, Skirting, Belting and Bridle Leather; Colored Lining, Russet Sacks, Shoe Findings, Particular attention given to orders. WHOLESALE ROOM UP STAIRS. From their long experience in the Boot, Shoe and Leather business, their advantages in buying and increased facilities for saving their customers. W. & S. feel assured that they can do better by those who favor them with their patronage than any other house in the city. WEBER & STEWART, Wholesale and Retail Dealers, No. 125 Front street, Portland, Jan, 16, 1864. Fire-proof Brick store A CARD FOR THE Fall and Winter Clothing Trade. Of San Francisco. Banana, & Lindenning. Nos. 4H, 413 and 415 Butte ry s or. e (hant, San Francisco. Entire New and Fresh Stock. We would call the attention of COUNTRY MERCHANTS to our usually large stock of Goods. Our stock comprises every article in the Clothing and furnishing line. We have constantly on hand the largest stock and greatest variety of Cassimere and other HATS of any House in San Francisco, and our prices for these goods are less than those of any house, as we receive them direct from the manufacturer’s consignment. Our stock of Fall and Winter Goods is particularly attractive and the great feature to the country merchant is the unusual low prices. Less than the Cost of Importation. We also keep the STAPLE ARTICLES in the Dry Goods line, which Goods we have purchased in this market under the hammering are offering them at New York cost, and less. We publish this card in order that We may make new acquaintances, and induce those who have not heretofore purchased of us to call and examine our stock. Good Articles and Low Prices. Are the great inducements to all who purchase to sell again. Merchants who buy of us can make a good profit, and sell to their customers at a low figure. We remain, respectfully, our obedient servants, BADGER & LINDENBERGER, Wholesale Clothing and Hat Warehouse, Nos. 411, 413, and 415, Battery street, San Francisco, Aug. 5, 1864. HARDWARE. IRON AND STEEL. NOW IN STORE AND FOR SALE AT A Small advance on Portland prices. Iron and Steel, Blacksmiths' Tools, Carpenters' Building Hardware, &C., at April 5, 1894. J. C. ISAACS. CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST; MAIN STREET; WALLAWAY, W. Two Doors above Brown Bros' Store, AS on HAND, AND IS CONSTANTLY RECEIVING fresh supplies of DRUGS, CHEMICALS Patent Medicines. TRUSSES, Wares, Perfumery, Surgical Instruments, Brushes, Combs, &c., BRANDY, SHERRY and PORT WINES For Medicinal Purposes. Prescriptions carefully filled. [oct.3, 1863 ASSAY OFFICE. J. Rosenthal, Assayor or Ann KINDS OF ORES, METALS, SILVER, and Returns made on Gold and Silver Deposits with Six Hours. LADD & TILTON, Bankers, of Portland, take Bars at my Agency. A General Assortment of Fine WATCHES, JEWELRY, Silver and Plated Ware. CUTLERY FANCY GOODS, &c., Always kept on Hand, PARTICULAR ATTENTION paid to the Repairing of Fine Watches, English, French and American Ex, Clocks, Musical Boxes and Instruments. All Sorts of Jewelry Made to Order and Repaired. All Work Warranted to Give Satisfaction. MAINS TREE, WALLA WALLA. Sept. 30, 1864. Walla Walla and Idaho City. DRUG-S, MEDICINES, PAINTS, OILS, &c Main Street, Oste the Bank Exchange and Gilly House. UNDERSIGNED, HAVING THIS AY T formed a partnership, under the name and firm of CRAIG & MIX, in Walla Walla, W.T., and Idaho City, I.J., with a full and complete assortment of Drugs, Chemicals, Paints, Oils, Varieties, Brushes, Perfumery, and everything in their line at business, would respectfully solicit the patronage of the public. Prescriptions carefully and accurately prepared. JAMES S. CRAIG. Sept. 2, 1864. ALFRED A. MIX. Challenge Saloon. Main Street, Walla Walla, W.I. RYAN & GREEN, HAVING PURCHASED THIS POPULAR ESTABLISHMENT FROM BALL & STONE, have improved and renovated it in superior style, making it in all its departments a First Class Saloon. And as it has always been the house where “Everybody goes,” they intend that it shall be in future in place where everybody will be made comfortable. They keep only the Best Quality of Wines and Liquors, Among which 154 large stock of Superior Old Haber Sausages, Vintage 1794: Full lines of all the Slimming papers, and also all the prominent California, Eastern and European papers and publications can always be seen at the Challenge. Sept. 2, 1804. 88If ASAY OFFICE. TRACY & KING, EXCHANGES, PORTLAND, OREGON E. W. TRACY, MARK A. KING, Late Assistant Assayer in the U.S. Mint, San Francisco. WE CALL ATTENTION to the following Certificate: “BRANCH or UNITED STATES ORGANIZATION, SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA. “Assayer’s Office, Dec. 20, 1864. This is to certify that MARK A. KING has been engaged as an Assayer in the United States. States Mint at San Francisco, from Oct., 1857 until the present time. His manipulations as an assayer have been skillful and accurate. Parties desirous of availing themselves of the services of an experienced Assayer may feel confidence in engaging in King's. Signed, CONRAD SCHOLAND, Assayer. We make returns for dust deposited with us. For assay in six hours. We are prepared to advance coin on dust for use. OFFICE No. 58, Front Street, Directly Opposite Wells Fargo & Co. We pay the highest price for gold dust. July 18, 1863—tf Walla Walla, and Lewiston are. S-TAGE LINE. CARRYING U. S. Mail and WELLS, G & CO'S EXPRESS, THROUGH IN ONE DAY. Leaves Walla Walla and Lewiston Every Other Day, Connecting with the Stages for Walla Walla and Boise. Passengers leaving Lewiston in the morning reach the steamer at Walla Walla for Portland some day. Passenger-3' Fare,.............$315.00. Extra Baggage or Freight 12 cents per lb. Stage Office at OHLHAUFF & GUARD'S In Walla Walla, opposite Hovud & Cady’s Store, JOSEPH PETTY, Proprietor, HAS ALWAYS ON HAND, Beef, Pork and Mutton; also HAMS, BACON, BALOGN, &c., and hopes to receive a liberal share of public patronage. Country orders strictly attended to, WALLA W LA CURED HANS and BACON for sale. Net. 21, 1864. LIVERY AND FEED STABLES. Abbott’s Old Stand, WALLA WALLA, W. T... J. F. ABBOTT, PROPRIETOR. IMPROVEMENTS have recently been made in These premises, for the better accommodation of the public, the proprietor will spare no effort to merit—All he hopes to receive a living share of public patronage. Horses to Let or HIRE, by the day or week, at moderate prices; also Horses taken to keep, on terms satisfactory to parties. The patronage of the public is most respectfully solicited. Walla Walla, Aug. 1, 1833. Watch Repairing. I subscribe would inform the citizens of Walla Walla and vicinity that my shop is open. Work entrusted to his care (through the express) will receive his personal attention in the business, he is known to perform "in a manner unsurpassed in the city; enlarges as low as elsewhere, and his business is now open. He is also prepared to fill any orders in the line of Groceries and Provisions, with a full stock at the lowest possible prices. JACOB COHEN. Port Royal, April 7, 1882. | 24,926 |
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%AF%83%E6%AE%BF | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | 摩诃殿 | https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=摩诃殿&action=history | Chinese | Spoken | 17 | 1,890 | 摩诃殿是中国浙江省宁波市奉化区一处佛堂，位于溪口镇财神弄、中马路交叉口，由蒋中正元配毛福梅建于1931年，供奉武岭蒋氏先祖蒋宗霸，毛福梅死后亦葬于此。摩诃殿占地面积7524平方米，建筑由佛殿和墓庐组成。1946年，摩诃殿曾作为武岭学校小学部校舍使用，学校迁出后的1989年曾进行大修。2006年，摩诃殿成为全国重点文物保护单位。
历史
摩诃殿供奉的是武岭蒋氏先祖蒋宗霸。蒋宗霸为后梁人，是蒋氏南迁宁波的第二代，也是最早迁居溪口附近的蒋氏先祖。蒋宗霸信佛，人称“摩诃居士”，曾拜同乡布袋和尚为师，晚年建鄞县小盘山弥陀寺，死后葬于寺旁，蒋氏族人也称其为“摩诃太公”。摩诃殿选址处原名养松园，曾种植有巨松和香樟，蒋经国童年时也曾在此玩耍。1931年摩诃殿建造时，毛福梅已与蒋中正离婚，但仍住在蒋氏丰镐房，而摩诃殿则成为毛氏和蒋家女眷念经拜佛的场所。1939年12月12日，毛福梅死于日军轰炸，蒋经国在料理丧事时，认为摩诃殿是母亲生前喜爱的地点，将母亲灵柩暂厝于摩诃殿北。1941年日军占领溪口后，挖开毛福梅墓并揭开棺木，此后由乡人重新埋葬。
抗日战争结束后，蒋经国选定摩诃殿东侧为毛福梅正式墓地，1946年12月下葬，沈鴻烈、楊森等要员和蒋纬国夫妇出席葬礼。当年，摩诃殿改为武岭学校小学部，大殿改为学校礼堂，两侧新建厢房作为教室。1947年清明节，蒋中正回乡扫墓时，曾携宋美龄至毛氏墓前行鞠躬礼。中华人民共和国成立后，武岭学校小学部改为溪口镇中心小学，1987年迁至原溪口中学所在地。文化大革命期间，毛福梅墓遭到破坏，1979年修复。摩诃殿于1989年得到维修，重塑蒋宗霸像，恢复了祭祀功能。此后，蒋氏后人蒋孝严、蔣友松等人曾至摩诃殿和毛福梅墓祭拜。
建筑
摩诃殿位于溪口镇中心，由殿宇和墓冢两部分建筑组成，东西长132.4米，南北宽53.6米。殿宇坐东朝西，墓冢及墓庐在东南角开门。
殿宇由中轴线上的山门和诵经堂及南北厢房组成。山门为硬山顶建筑，面阔三间深四间，正脊塑“福”字，现有门额“摩诃殿”三字为1989年由奉化书法家孙信德题写。山门两壁有砖雕、木雕和彩绘，月梁、撑栱有浮雕神话故事。诵经堂为摩诃殿正殿，坐西朝东，为两层重檐硬山顶建筑，方头双肩山墙。正脊塑福禄寿三星，殿前后分别有匾额写有“瞻宗留史”和“诵经堂”，殿内塑有蒋宗霸座像。南北厢房各11间，为两层硬山顶建筑，两侧开门，西侧与正门相通，东侧与墓冢相通，两棵树龄500年的樟树为原养松园所留。
墓冢位于殿宇西面，为边长9米的正方形，墓圈为条石砌筑，上有梅兰竹菊浮雕。墓前有方形拜台，卵石铺地，正中有松鹤浮雕。墓前石碑高3.05米，宽1.17米，碑文为吳敬恆题写的“顯妣毛太君之墓”，上款为“男经国敬立”，下款为“吴敬恒拜题”。戴季陶曾经题写“蒋母毛太夫人之墓”，但最终并未使用。墓前有石库门，门额为“慈园”，内有照壁。墓东有坐北朝南的硬山顶墓庐三间，为后世新建。
保护
1979年，中华人民共和国政府拨款修复毛福梅墓在内的四座蒋中正家族陵墓。1987年，溪口中心小学迁出摩诃殿后，摩诃殿进行了大修，重塑蒋宗霸像，内设蒋氏先祖和蒋中正祭祖相关图片展，墓庐中则设置毛福梅和蒋氏父子相关生活照展览。2006年第六批全国重点文物保护单位公布时，摩诃殿和蒋母墓、蒋氏宗祠等建筑以“溪口镇建筑群”的名义并入第四批全国重点文物保护单位蒋氏故居。
图片
参考资料
参见
蒋母墓
蔣中正家族
蔣家奉化祭祖
宁波宗教建筑 | 21,661 |
worksofenglishpo17chaluoft_57 | US-PD-Books | Open Culture | Public Domain | 1,810 | The works of the English poets, from Chaucer to Cowper: including the series edited with prefaces, biographical and critical | None | English | Spoken | 7,633 | 11,432 | HOT* custom steels the human breast To deeds that Nature's thoughts detest !• How custom consecrates to fame What reason else would give to shame ! Fair Spring supplies the favouring gale, The naval plunderer spreads his sail, And ploughing wide the wat'ry way, Explores with anxious eyes his prey. The man he never saw before, The man who him no quarrel bore, He meets, and Avarice prompts the fight > And Rage enjoys the dreadful s;ght Of decks with streaming crimson dy'd, And wretches struggling in the tide, Or, midst th' explosion's horrid glare, Dispers'd with quivering limbs in air. The merchant now on foreign shores His captur'd wealth in vain deplores ; Quits his fair home, O mournful change ! For the dark prison's scanty range ; By Plenty's hand so lately fed, Depends on casual alms for bread ; And, with a father's anguish torn, Sees his poor offspring left forlorn. And yet, such man's misjudging mind, For all this injury to n's kind, The prosperous robber's native plain Shall bid him welcome home again ; His name the song of ev'ry street, His acts the theme of all we meet, And oft the artist's skill shall place To public view his pictur'd face ! If glory thus be earn'd, for me My object glory ne'er shall be; No, first in Cambria's loneliest dale Be mine to hear the shepherd's tale ! No, first on Scotia's bleakest hill Be mine the stubborn soil to till ! Remote from wealth, to dwell alone, 4ml die, to guilty praise unknown ! ODE XVIII. TO HOSPITALITY. DOMESTIC pow'r ! erewhile rever'd Where Syria spread her palmy plain, Where Greece her tuneful Muses heard, Where Rome beheld her patriot train ; Thou to Albion too wert known, Mjdst the moat and moss-grown wall That girt her Gothic-structur'd hall With rural trophies strown. The traveller, doubtful of his way, Upon the pathless forest wild ; The huntsman, inHhe heat of day, And with the tedious chase o'ertoil'd ; Wide their view around them cast, Mark'd the distant rustic tow'r, And sought and found the festive bower, And shar'd the free repast. E'en now, on Caledonia's shore, When Eve's dun robe the sky arrays, Thy punctual hand unfolds the door, Thy eye the mountain road surveys j Pleas'd to spy the casual guest, Pleas'd with food his heart to cheer, With pipe or song to sooth his ear, And spread his couch for rest. Nor yet e'en here disdain'd thy sway, Where Grandeur's splendid modern seat Far o'er the landscape glitters gay; Or where fair Quiet's lone retreat Hides beneath the hoary hill, Near the dusky upland shade. Between the willow's glossy glade, And by the tinkling rill. There thine the pleasing interviews That friends and relatives endear, When scenes not often seen amuse, When talcs not often told we hear ; There the scholar's liberal mind Oft instruction gives and gains, And oft the lover's lore obtains His fair-one's audience kind. O gentle power ! where'er thy reign, May Health and Peace attend thee still ; Nor Folly's presence cause thee pain, Nor Vice reward thy good with ill ; ODES. 483 Gratitude thy altar raise, Wealth to thee her offerings pay, And Genius wake his tuneful lay To celebrate thy praise. ODE XIX. THE APOLOGY. " PASTORAL, and elegy, and ode ! Who hopes by these applause to gain, Believe me, friend, may hope in vain — These classic things are not the mode ; Our taste polite, so much refin'd, Demands a strain of different kind. " Go, court the Muse of Chevy Chase, To tell in Sternhold's simple rhymes Some tale of ancient English times; Or try to win rude Satire's grace, That scold, who dirt around her throws, And many a random stain bestows. Or dull trite thoughts in songs combine. And bid the tuneful accents fall, To wake the echoes of Vauxhall ; Or tow'rds the stage thy thoughts incline, And furnish some half-pilfer'd play, To shine the meteor of the day." O ! no— though such the crowd amuse, And peals of noisy praise procure ; Will they the critic eye endure, And pass the ordeal of reviews ? Ind who is he for whom they '11 gain A niche in Fame's immortal fane ? The plan that Virgil's choice could claim. The plan that Horace deign'd to choose, ['rust me, I wish not to refuse : — To Akenside's or Shenstone's name The praise that future days shall pay, Methinks may well content my lay. 'HIS scene how rich from Thames's side, While evening suns their amber beam pread o'er the glassy-surfac'd tide, \nd midst the masts and cordage gleam ; Blaze on the roofs with turrets crown'd, \»d gild green pastures stretch'd around, \nd gild the slope of that high ground, kVhose corn-fields bright the prospect bound ' !. 'he white sails glide along the shore, led streamers on the breezes play, lie boatmen ply the dashing oar, nd wide their various freight convey ; ome Neptune's hardy thoughtless train, .nd some the careful sons of gain, nd some th' enamour'd nymph and swain istening to music's soothing strain. Shooter's Hill. This view was taken on ths orth side of the Thames, at RatclifF, SCOTT'S POEMS. But there, while these the sight allure, Still Fancy wings her flight away To woods recluse, and vales obscure, And streams that solitary stray ; To view the pine-grove on the hill, The rocks that trickling springs distill, The meads that quivering aspins fill, Or alders crowding o'er the rill. And where the trees unfold their bloom, And where the banks their floriage bear, And all effuse a rich perfume That hovers in the soft calm air ; The hedge-row path to wind along, To hear the bleating fleecy throng, To hear the skylark's airy song, And throstle's note so clear and strong. But say, if there our steps were brought, Would these their pow'r to please retain ? Say, would not restless, roving thought Turn back to busy scenes again ? O strange formation of the mind ! Still, though the present fair we find, Still tow'rds the absent thus inclin'd, Thus fix'd on objects left behind I ODE XXI. WRITTEN AFTER A JOURNEY TO BRISTOL. THEE, Bristol, oft my thoughts recall, Thy Kingsdown brow and Brandon hill; The space, once circled by thy wall, Which tow'rs and spires of churches fill ; And masts and sails of vessels tall, With trees and houses intermingled still ! From Clifton's rocks how grand the sight, When Avon's dark tide rush'd between! How grand, from Henbury's woody height, The Severn's wide-spread wat'ry scene, Her waves with trembling sunshine bright, And Cambrian hills beyond them rising green ! To Mendip's ridge how stretch'd away My view, while Fancy sought the plain Where Blagdon's groves secluded lay, And heard my much-lov'd poet's strain ' ! Ah ! why so near, nor thither stray- To meet the friend 1 ne'er shall meet again ? Occasion's caU averse to prize,' Irresolute we oft remain — She soon irrevocably flies, And then we mourn her flown in vain ; While Pleasure's imag'd forms arise, Whose fancied loss Regret beholds with pain. 1 The late ingenious Dr. John Langhorne, then resident at Blagdon, near Bristol. And Bristol ! why thy scenes explore, And why those scenes so soon resign, And fail to seek the spot that bore That wondrous tuneful yo'ith of thine, The bard 2, whose boasted ancient store Rose recent from his own exhaustless mine' I Though Fortune all her gifts deny'd, Though Learning made him not her choice, The Muse still plac'd him at her side, And bade him in her smile rejoice — Description still his pen supply'd, Pathos his thought, and Melody his voice ! Conscious and proud of merit high, Fame's wreath he boldly claim'd to wear j But Fame, regardless, pass'd him by, Unknown, or deem'd unworth her care : The Sun of Hope forsook his sky ; And all his land look'd dreary, bleak, and bare! Then Poverty, grim spectre, rose, And horrour o'er the prospect threw— His deep distress too nice to expose; Too nice for common aid to sue, A dire alternative he chose, And rashly from the painful scene withdrew. Ah ! why for Genius' headstrong rage Did Virtue's hand no curb prepare ? What boots, poor youth ! that now thy page Can boast the public praise to share, The learn'd in deep research engage, And lightly entertain the gentle fair? Ye, who superfluous wealth command, 0 why your kind relief delay'd ? O why not snatch'd his desp'rate hand ? His foot on Fate's dread brink not stay'd ? What thanks had you your native land For a new Shakspeare or new Milton paid ? For me — Imagination's power Leads oft insensibly my way, To where at midnight's silent hour, The crescent Moon's slow- westering ray Pours full on Redcliff's lofty tow'r, And gilds with yellow light its walls of grey. Midst Toil and Commerce slumb'ring round, Lull'd by the rising tide's hoarse roar, There Frome and Avon willow-crown'd, 1 view sad-wandering by the shore, ("sound, With streaming tears, and notes of mournful Too late their hapless bard, untimely lost, deplore. ODE XXII. TO CRITICISM. FAIR nymph ! of Ta«te and Learning born, Whom Truth's and Candour's gifts addrn, Chatterton. 3 This is at least the author's opinion, notwith standing all that has hitherto appeared on the other side of the question. The last line alludes to one of the ingenious Mr. Mason in his Elegy to a young nobleman : See from the depths of his exhaustless mine His glitt'ring stores the tuneful spendthrift throws. ODES. The Muse's friend to thed she sings : Accept the grateful verse she brings. When Genius, ranging Nature o'er, Collects his tributary store, What matter's tract immense supplies, Or wide in mind's vast region lies, And ev'ry thought with skill combines, And all transmits in tuneful lines ; Then rap ure sparkling in thine eye, Then rais'd thy solemn voice on high ; Thy comment still his work pursues, The plan explains, the style reviews, And marks its strength, and marks its ease ; And tells us why and how they please. And when, perhaps, disdaining care, He blends with faults his products fair; Whate'er of such thy sight surveys, Thy tongue in tr umph ne'er displays, But hints, as spots that dim the Sun, Or rocks that future sails should shun. 'T was thee whom once Stagy ra's grove Oft with her sage ' allur'd to rove ; 'T was thee to whom in Tadrnor's bow'rs, Her statesman 2 vow'd his vacant hours; VF was thee whom, Tibur's vines among,. Her bard 3 in careless measures sung; 'T was thou who thence to Albion's plain Remov'd, to teach her tuneful train, When Dryden's age, by thee inspir'd, Condemn'd the flights his youth admir'd ; And Pope, intent on higher praise, So polish'd all -his pleasing lays: And now by thee our favour'd coast A Warton, Hurd, and Burke can boast; And her, whose pen from Gallic rage Defended Shakspeare's injur'd page •». Give me, bright power ! with ready ear Another's plea for-fame to hear, And bid my willing voice allow The bays to Merit's modest brow : And when the Muse her presence deigns, And prompts my own unstudy'd strains, Instruct me then, with view severe, To inspect, and keep from errour clear; Nor spare, though fancy 'd e'er so fine, One ill-p!ac'd thought, or useless line. ODE XXIII. TO DISEASE. DISEASE ! man's dread, relentless foe, Fell source of fear, and pain, and woe ! O say, on what ill-fated coast They mourn thy tyrant reign the most? On Java's bogs, or Gambia's sand, Or Persia's sultry southern strand ; Or Egypt's annual-flooded plain, Or Rome's neglected, waste domain ; 1 Aristotle. 3 Longinus. 3 Horace. 4 The ingenious Mrs. Montague, who has so ably vindicated Shakspeare from the cavils of Vol taire. Or where her walls Byzantium rears, And mosques and turrets crescent-crown 'd, And from his high serail the sultan hears The wide Propontis' beating waves resound '. I '11 ask no more — Our clime, though fair, Enough thy tyrant reign must share; And lovers there, and friends, complain, By thee there friends and lovers slain : And yet cur avarice and our pride Combine to spread thy mischiefs wide ; While that the captive wretch confines, To hunger, cold, and filth resigns, — And this the funeral pomp attends To vaults, where mould'ring corses lie, — Amid foul air thy form unseen ascends, And like a vulture hovers in the sky 2. ODE XXIV. • THE TEMPESTUOUS EVENING* THERE'S grandeur in this sounding storm, That drives the hurrying clouds along That on each other seem to throng, And mix in many a varied form ; While, bursting now and then between, The Moon's dim misty orb is seen, And casts faint glimpses on the green. Beneath the blast the forests bend, And thick the branchy ruin lies, And wide the shower of foliage flies ; The lake's black waves in tumult blend, Revolving o'er and o'er and o'er, And foaming on the rocky shore, Whose caverns echo to their roar. The sight sublime enrapts my thought, And swift along the past it strays, And much of strange event surveys, What History's faithful tongue has taught. Or fancy form'd, whose plasjtic skill The page with fabled change can fill Of ill to good, or good to ill. But can my soul the scene enjoy, That rends another's breast with pain ?' O hapless he, who, near the main, Now sees its billowy rage destroy ! Beholds the found'ring bark descend, Nor knows, but what its fate may end The moments of his. dearest friend ! ODE XXV. THE MELANCHOLY EVENIN8. 0 HASTE, ye hov'ring clouds, away, Ye clouds so fleecy, dim, and pale, Through which the Moon's obstructed 'ray Sheds this sad whiteness o'er the vale ! 1 Byzantium : Constantinople ; subject to fre quent visitations of that dreadful fever, the plague. 1 Alluding to the too frequent miserable situation of prisoners of war, debtors, &c. ; and the absurd custom of burying in churches; circumstance* con tributing greatly to the propagation of disease. 456 SCOTT'S POEMS. Forbear, ye bells, that languid strain ! The sight, the sound, are fraught with pain ; The words of dying friends I hear, The open grave I linger near, Take the last look, and drop the parting tear ! Before my view dire phantoms rise, The plagues of hapless humankind ! Pale Fear, who unpursu'd still flies, And starts, and turns, and looks behind ; Remorse, whose own indignant aim Deforms with useless wounds her frame ; Despair, whose tongue no speech will deign, Whose ghastly brow looks dark disdain, And bends from steep rocks o'er the foaming main. And Rage, whose bosom inly burns, While Reason's call he scorns to hear ; And Jealousy, who ruthless turns From suppliant Beauty's pray'r and tear j Revenge, whose thoughts tumultuous roll To seek the poniard or the bowl; And Phrensy, wildly passing by, With her chain'd arm and starting eye, And voice that with loud curses rends the sky ! Ambition, here, to heights of pow'r His course with daring step pursues, Though Danger's frown against him lour, Though Guilt his path with blood bestrews ; There Avarice grasps his useless store, Though Misery's plaints his aid implore, Though he her,ruin'd cottage nigh, Beholds her famish'd infants lie, And hears their faint, their last expiring cry ! Ye dreadful band ! O spare, O spare ! Alas, your ear no prayers persuade ! But, ah ! if man your reign must bear, Sure man had better ne'er been made ! Say, will Religion clear this gloom, And point to bliss beyond the tomb ? Yes, haply for her j-hosen train ; The rest, they say, severe decrees ordain To realms of endless night, and everlasting pain ' ! ODE XXVI. THE PLEASANT EVENING. DELIGHTFUL looks this clear, calm sky, With Cynthia's orb on high ! Delightful looks this smooth green ground, With shadows cast from cots around : Quick-twinkling lustre decks the tide; And cheerful radiance gently falls On that white town, and castle walls, That crown the spacious river's further side. And now along the echoing hills The night-bird's strain melodious trills ; 1 The author does not give these as his own sen timents, but merely such as the gloomy moment described might naturally suggest. That the above dreadful idea is adopted by a large. body of Chris tians, is sufficient to authorize its admission into a poem professing to paint the dark side of things. And now the echoing dale along Soft flows the shepherd1? tuneful son«f r And now, wide o'er the water borne, The city's mingled murmur swells, And lively change of distant bells, And varied warbling of the deep-ton'd horn. Their influence calms the soften'd soul, The passions feel their strong control : While Fancy's eye, where'er it strays, A scene of happiness surveys ; Through all the various walks of life No natural ill nor moral sees, No famine fell, nor dire disease, Nor war's infernal unrelenting strife. For these, behold a heav'nly band, Their white wings waving o'er the land ! Sweet Innocence, a cherub fair, And Peace and Joy, a sister pair : And Kindness mild, their kindred grace, Whose brow serene complacence wears, Whose hand her lib'ral bounty bears O'er the vast range of animated space ! Bless'd vision ! O for ever stay ! O far be guilt and pain away ! And yet, perhaps, with him, whose view , Looks at one glance creation through, To gen'raj good our partial ill Seems but a sand upon the plain, Seems but a drop amid the main, And some wise unknown purpose may fulfil. ODE XXVII. AFTER READING AKENSIDE'S POF.M-. To Fancy's view what visions rise, Remote amid yon azure skies ! What goddess-form descends in air ? The Grecian Muse, severely fair ! What sage is he, to whom she deigns Her lyre of elevated strains ? The bard of Tyne — his master hand Awakes new music o'er the land ; And much his voice of right and wrong Attempts to teach th' unheeding throng. What mean those crystal rocks serene, Those laureate groves for ever green, Those Parian domes? — Sublime retreats, Of Freedom's sons the happy seats ! — There dwell the few who dar'd disdain The lust of power and lust of gain ; The patriot names of old renown'd, And those in later ages found ; The Athenian, Spartan, Roman boast, The pride of Britain's sea-girt coast ! But, oh ! what darkness intervenes ! But, oh ! beneath, what difPrent scenes ! What matron she, to grief resign'd, Beside that ruin'd arch reclin'd ? Her sons, who once so well could wield The warrior-spear, the warrior-shield, A turban'd ruffian's scourge constrains To toil on desolated plains I— And she who leans that column nigh. Where trampled arms and eagles lie ; THE MEXICAN PROPHECY. 487 Whose veil essays her blush to hide, Who checks the tear that hastes to glide ? A mitred priest's oppressive sway She sees her drooping race obey : Their vines unprun'd, their fields untill'd, Their streets with want and misery fill'd. And, who is she, the martial maid Along that cliff so careless laid, Whose brow such laugh unmeaning wears, Whose eye such insolence declares, Whose tongue descants, with scorn so vain, On slaves of Ebro or of Seine ? What grisly churl ', what harlot bold2, Behind her, chains enormous hold ? Though Virtue's warning voice be near, Alas, she will not, will not hear ! And now she sinks in sleep profound, And now they bind her to the ground. O what is he, his ghastly form So half obscur'd in cloud and storm, Swift striding on 3 ? — beneath his strides Proud Empire's firmest base subsides ; Behind him dreary wastes remain, Oblivion's dark chaotic reign ! THE MEXICAN PROPHECY. AN ODE. De Solis, in his History of the Conquest of Mexico, informs us, that, on the approach of Cortez to the neighbourhood of that city, the emperor Motezu- ma sent a number of magicians to attempt the destruction of the Spanish army. As the sorcer ers were practising their incantations, a demon appeared to them in the form of their idol Tlcat- lepuca, and foretold the fall of the Mexican em pire. On this legend is founded the following poem. The conquest of Mexico was undertaken from motives of avarice, and accompanied with circumstances of cruelty; but it produced the sub version' of a tyrannical government, and the abolition of a detestable religion of horrid rites and human sacrifices. FROM Cholula's hostile plain 4, Left her treach'rous legions slain, Left her temples all in flame, Cortes' conquering army came. High on Chalco's stormy steep Shone their phalanx broad and deep ; High the Hispanian banner rais'd, Bore the cross in gold emblaz'd '. 1 Avarice. * Luxury. 3 Ruin. * Cholula was a large city, not far distant from Mexico. The inhabitants were in league with the Mexicans; and after professing friendship for the Spaniards, endeavoured to surprise and destroy them. s The device oh Cortes's standard was the sign of the cross. Vide de Solis. Thick the gleaming spears appear'd, Loud the neighing steeds were heard ; Flash'd the musquets lightnings round, RolPd their thunders o'er the ground, Echo'd from a thousand caves, Down to Tenustitan's waves 6;— Spacious lake, that far below Bade its lucid level flow : There the ever-sunny shore Groves of palm and coco bore; Maize-fields rich, savannas green, Stretch'd around, with towns between. Tac.uba, Tezeuco fair, Rear'd their shining roofs in air; Mexico's imperial pride Glitter'd midst the glassy tide, Bright with gold, with silver bright, Dazzling, charming all the sight 7. From their post the war-worn band Raptur'd view'd the happy land: " Haste to victory, haste to ease, Mark the spot that gives us these !'' On the exulting hero strode, Shunn'd the smooth insidious road, Shunn'd the rock's impending shade, Shunn'd the expecting ambuscade 8. Deep within a gloomy wood Motezume's magicians stood: Tlcatlepuca's horrid form, God of famine, plague, ajid storm, High on magic stones they rais'd j Magic fires before him blaz'd ; Round the lurid flames they drew, Flames whence steams of sulphur flew; There, while bleeding victims smok'd. Thus his aid they loud invok'd : " Minister supreme of ill, Prompt to punish, prompt to kill, Motezuma asks thy aid \ Foreign foes his realms invade ; Vengeance on the strangers shed, Mix them instant with the dead ! By thy temple's sable floor, By thy altar stain'd with gore, Stain'd with gore, and strew'd with bones, Echoing shrieks, and echoing groaris ! Vengeance on the strangers shed, Mix them instant with the dead !" Ordaz heard, Velasquez heard — Swift their falchions' blaze appear'd ; Alvarado rushing near, Furious rais'd his glitt'ring spear; 6 Tenustitan, otherwise Tenuchtitlan, the ancient name of the Jake of Mexico. 7 The Spanish historians assert, that the walls and houses of the Indian cities were composed of a peculiar kind of glittering stone or plaster, which at a distance resembled silver. 8 The Indians had blocked up the usual road to Mexico, and opened another broader, and smooth at the entrance, but which led among rocks and precipices, where they had placed parties in am bush. Cortes discovered the stratagem, and order ed his troops to remove the obstructions. Being asked by the Mexican ambassadors the reason of this procedure, he replied, that the Spaniards always chose to encounter difficulties. 488 SCOTT'S POEMS. Calm, Olmedo mark'd the scene », Calm he mark'd, and stepp'd between: " Vain their rites and vain their pray'r, Weak attempts beneath your care ; Warriors! let the wretches live ! Christians ! pity, and forgive !" Sudden darkness o'er them spread, Glow'd the woods with dusky red; Vast the idol's stature grew, Look'd his face of ghastly hue, Frowning rage, and frowning hate, Angry at his nation's fate ; Fierce h'.s fiery eyes he rolPd, Thus his tongue the future told ; Girtes' veterans paus'd to hear, Wondring all, though void of fear: " Mourn, devoted city, mourn! Mourn, devoted city, mourn ! Doom'd for all thy crimes to know Scenes of battle, scenes of woe ! Who is he — O spare the sight! — Rob'd in gold, with jewels bright? Hark ! he deigns the crowd to call ; Chiefs and warriors prostrate fall I0. Rev'rence now to fury yields ; Strangers o'er him spread your shields ! Thick the daris, tho arrows, fly; Hapless monarch ! he must die ! Mark the solemn funeral state Passing through the western gate ! Chapultequa's cave contains Mighty Motezume's remains. " Cease the strife! alas, 't is vain ! Myriads throng Otumba's plain ; Wide their feathery crests they wave, All the strong and all the brave ". Gleaming glory through the skies, See the imperial standard flies ! Down by force resistless torn ; Off in haughty triumph borne. Slaughter heaps the vale with dead, Fugitives the mountains spread. " Mexico, 't is thine to know More of battle, more of woe ! — Bright in arms the stranger train O'er thy causeways move again. Bend the bow, the shaft prepare, Join the breastp'ate's folds with care, Raise the sacrificial fire, Bid the captive youths expire l2 ; 9 Bartholeme de Olmedo, chaplam to Cortes: he seems to have been a man of enlarged ideas, much prudence, moderation; and humanity. 10 Motezuma, who was resident in the Spanish quarters when they were attacked by the Mexicans, proposed showing himself to the people, in order to appease the tumult. At his first appearance he was regarded with veneration, which \* as soon exchanged for rage, .to the effects whereof he fell a victim. 11 Cortes, in his n treat from Mexico, after the death of Motezuma, was followed and surrounded by tive whole collective force of the empire, in the plains of Otumba. After repelling the attacks of his enemies on every side, with indefatigable valour, he found himself overpowered by numbers ; when, making one desperate effort, with a few select friends, he seized the imperial standard, killed the yeneral, and routed the army. " De Soils relates, that the Mexicans sacrificed Wake the sacred trumpet's breath, Pouring anguish, pouring death '3; Troops from every street repair, Close them in the fatal snare; \7aliant as they are. they fly, Here they y eld, and there they die. " Cease the strife ! 't is fruitless all, Mexico at last must fall ! Lo ! the dauntless band return, Fur ous for the fight they burn ! Lo ! auxil'.ar nations round, Crowding o'er the darken'd ground ! Corses fill thy trenches deep ; Down thy temple's lofty steep See thy priests, thy prnces thrown— Hark ! I hear their parting groan ! Blood thy lake with crimson dyes, Flames from all thy do-nes arise! " What are those that round thy shore Lanch thy troub'ed waters o'er? Swift canoes that from the fight Aid their vanquish'd monarch's flight; Ambush'd in the reedy shade, Them the stranger barks invade; Soon thy lord a captive bends, Soon thy. far-fam'd empire ends '•*; Otomeca shares thy spoils, Tlascala in triumph smiles'5. Mourn, devoted C:ty, mourn! Mourn, devoted city, mourn! " Cease your boast, O stranger band, Conquerors of my fallen land ! Avarice strides your van before, Phantom meagre, pale, and hoar ! Discord follows, breathing flame, Still opposing claim to claim 1<s; Kindred demons, haste along ! Haste, avenge my country's wrong1" Ceas'd the voice with dreadful sounds, Loud as tides that burst their bounds ; Roil'd the focm in smoke away, Amaz'd on earth th' exorcists lay ; Pondering on the dreadful lore, Their course the Tberians downward bore ; Their helmets glittering o er the vale, And wide their ensigns fluttering in the gale. to their idols a number of Spaniards, whom they had taken prisoners, and whose cries and groans were distinctly heard in the Spanish camp, exciting sentiments of ho'rrour and revenge in their surviving companions. " The above author observes, that the sacred trumpet of the Mexicans was so called, because it was not permitted to any but the priests to sound it ; and that only when they denounced war, and ani mated the people on the part of their gods. '* When the Spaniards had forced their way to the centre of Mexico, Guatimozin, the re:gn'ng em peror, endeavoured to escape in his canoes across the lake; but was pursued and taken prisoner by Garcia de Holguin, captain of one of the Spanish brigantines. '* The Otomies were a fierce, savage nation, never thoroughly subdued by the Mexicans. Tlas cala was a powerful neighbouring republic, the rival of Mexico. 16 Alluding to the dissentions which ensued among the Spaniards after the conquest of America. EPISTLES. EPISTLES. EPISTLE I. THE GARDEN. TO A FRIEND. FROM Whitby's rocks steep rising o'er the main, From E<ka's vales, or Ewecot's lonely plain, Say, rove thy thoughts to Amwell's distant bow'rs, To mark how pass thy friend's sequester'd hours ? " Perhaps," think'st thou, " he seeks his pleas ing scenes Of winding walks, smooth lawns, and shady greens : Where China's willow hangs its foliage fair, And Po's tail poplar waves its top in a-r, And the dark maple spreads its umbrage wide, And the white bench adorns the bason side ; At morn reclin'd, perhaps, he sits to view The bank's neat slope, the water's silver hue. " Where, midst thick oaks, the subterraneous To the arch'd grot admits a feeble ray ; [way Where glossy pebbles pave the varied floors, And rough flint-walls are deck'd with shells and ores, And silvery pearls, spread o'er the roofs on high, Glimmer like fa nt stars in a twilight sky ; From noon's fierce glare, perhaps, he pleas'd retires, Indulging musings which the place inspires. " Now where the airy octagon ascends, And wide tne prospect o'er the va!e extends, Midst evening's calm, intent perhaps he stands, And looks o'er all that length of sun-gilt lands, Of bright green pastures, stretch'd by rivers clear, And willow groves, or osier islands near.'' Alas, my friend, how strangely men mistake, Who guess whakothers most their pleasure make ! These garden scenes, which Fashion o'er our plains Spreads round the villas of our wealthy swains, Though Envy grudge, or Friendship wish to share, They claim but little of their owners' care. For me, my groves not oft my steps invite, And far less oft they fail to otfend my sight: In vain the senna waves its glossy gold, In vain the cistus' spotted flow'rs unfold, In vain the acacia's snowy bloom depends, In vain the sumach's scarlet spike ascends, In vain the woodbine's spicy tufts disclose, And green slopes redden with the shedding rose: These neat-shorn hawthorns useless verdant bound, This long straight walk, that pool's unmeaning round, [trees, These short-curv'd paths that twist beneath the Disgust the eye, and make the whole displease. " No scene like this,'' I say, " did Nature raise, Brown'sfancyform,or\Valpole's ' judgment praise; No prototype for this did I survey In Woollett's landscapes2, or in Mason's lay." 1 See Mr. Walpole's ingenious History of mo dern Taste in Gardening, at the end of the fourth volume of his Anecdotes of Painting. 2 The above-named excellent artist, several years ago, drew and engraved a number of beautiful views in some of our most celebrated modern gar dens. But might thy genius, friend, an Eden frame, Profuse of beauty, and secure from blame j Where round the lawn might wind the varied way, Now lost in gloom, and now with prospect gay; Now screen'd with c'umps of green, for wintry bow rs ; Now edg'd with sunny banks for summer flow'rs; Now led by crystal lakes with lilies dress'd, Or where light temples court the step to rest — Time's gradual change, or tempest's sudden rage, There with thy peace perpetual war would wage. That tyrant oak, whose arms so far o'ergrow, Shades some poor shrub that pines with drought below ; These rampant elms, those hazels branching wide, Crowd the broad pine, the spiiy larix hide. That lilac brow, where May's unsparing hand tade one vast swell of purple bloom expand, Soon past its prime, shows signs of qu ck decay, The naked stem, and scanty-cover'd spray. Fierce Boreas calls, and Ruin waits his call; Thy fair cata'pa's broken branches fall ; Thy soft magnolia mourns her blasted green, And blighted laurel's yellowing leaves are seen. But Discontent alone, thou 'It say, complains For ill success, where none perfection gains: True is the charge ; but from that tyrant's sway. What art, what power, can e'er redeem our day ? To me, indeed, short case he sometimes yields, When my lone walk surrounds the rural fields; There no past errours of my own upbraid, No time, no wealth expended unrepaid : There Nature dwells, and throws profuse around Each pastoral sight and cv'ry pastoral sound ; From Spring's green copse, that pours the cuckoo's And, evening bleatings of the fleecy train, [strain, To Autumn's yellow field and clam'rous horn-* That wakes the slumb'ring harvesters at morn. There Fancy too, with fond delighted eyes, Sees o'er the scene ideal people rise ; There calm Contentment, in his cot reclin'd, Hears the grey poplars whisper in the wind ; There Love's sweet song adown the echoing dale I'o Beauty's ear conveys the tender tale ; And there Devotion lifts his brow to Heav'n, W th grateful thanks for many a hie sing given. Thus oft through Maylan's shady lane I stray, Trace Rushgiven's paths, or Postwood's winding Thus oft to Eastfield's airy height I has e ; [way; (All well -known spots thy feet have frequent trac'd ! ) While Memory, as my sight around I cast, Suggests the pleasing thought of moments past ; Or Hope, amid the future, forms again The dream of bliss Experience broke in vain. EPISTLE II. WINTER AMUSEMENTS IN THE COUNTRY. TO A FRIEND IN LONDON. WHILE thee, my friend, the city's scenes detain, — The cheerful scenes where Trade and Pleasure reign; Where glittering shops their varied stores display, And passing thousands crowd the public way ; •' There is a custom, frequent in many parts of England, of calling the harvest-men to and from 4<)0 SCOTT'S POEMS. Wher$ Painting's forms and Music's sounds deligh And Fashion's frequent novelties invite, And conversation's sober social hours Engage the mind, and elevate its pow'rs — Far different scenes for us the country yields, Deserted roads and unfrequented fields : Yet deem not, lonely as tljey are, that these Boast nought to charm the eye, the ear to please. Though here the tyrant Winter holds command, And bids rude tempests desolate the land ; Sometimes the Sun extends his cheering beam, And all the landscape casts a golden gleam : Clear is the sky, and calm and soft the air, And through thin mist each object looks more fair Then, where the villa rears its sheltering grove Along the southern lawn 't is sweet to rove : There dark green pines, behind, their boughs ex tend, And bright spruce firs like pyramids ascend, And round their tops in many a pendent row, Their scaly cones of shining auburn show ; There the broad cedar's level branches spread, And the tall cypress lifts its spiry head ; With alaternns ilex interweaves, And laurels mix their glossy oval leaves ; And gilded holly crimson fruit displays, And white viburnum 4 o'er the border strays. Where these from storms the spacious green house screen, Ev'n now the eye beholds a flow'ry scene ; There crystal sashes ward tbe injurious cold^ And rows of benches fair exotics hold ; Rich plants, that Afric's sunny cape supplies, Or o'er the isles of either India rise. While strip'd geranium shows its tufts of red, And verdant myrtles grateful fragrance shed ; A moment stay to mark the vivid bloom, A moment stay to catch the high perfume, And then to rural scenes — Yon path, that leads Down the steep bourn and 'cross the level meads, Soon mounts th' opponent hill, and soon conveys To where the farm its pleasing group displays : The rustic mansion's form, antiquely fair ; The yew-hedg'd garden, with its grass-plat square; The barn's long ridge, and doors expanded wide ; The stable's straw-clad eves and clay-built side ; The cartshed's roof, of rough-hewn roundwood made, And loose on heads of old sere pollards laid j The granary's floor that smooth- wrought posts sustain, Where hungry vermin strive to climb in vain ; And many an ash that wild around them grows, And many an elm that shelter o'er them throws. Then round the moat we turn, with pales enclos'd, And midst the orchard's trees in rows dispos'd, Whose boughs thick tufts of misletoe adorn With fruit of lucid white on joints of yellow borne. work by the sound Of a horn. This practice, as well as that of the harvest-shouting, seems much on the decline. The latter could boast its origin from high antiquity, as appears from that beauti ful stroke of eastern poetry, Isaiah, chap. xvi. : " I will water thee with my tears, O Heshbon and Elealeh ; for the shouting for thy summer fruits, and for thy harvest, is fallen !" * That weli-known beautiful flowering evergreen, commonly. called laurustinus. Thence up the lane, romantic woods among, Beneath old oaks with ivy overhung, (O'er their rough trunks the hairy stalks entwine, And on their arms the sable berries shine:) Here oft the sight, on banks bestrewn with leaves, The early primrose' opening bud perceives; And oft steep dells or ragged clifl's unfold The prickly furze with bloom of brightest gold ; Here oft the red-breast hops along the way, And midst grey moss explores his insect prey ; Or the green woodspite s flies with outcry shrill, \ And delves the sere bough with his sounding bill; j Or the rous'd hare starts rustling from the brake, And gaudy jays incessant clamour make; Or echoing hills return from stubbles nigh The sportsman's gun, and spaniel's yelping cry. And now the covert ends in open ground, That spreads wide views beneath us all around ; There turbid waters, edg'd with yellow reeds, Roll through the russet herd-forsaken meads ; There from the meads th' enclosures sloping rise, And, midst th' enclosures, dusky woodland lies ; While pointed spires and curling smokes, between, Mark towns, and vills, and cottages unseen. And now, — for now the breeze and noontide ray Clear the last remnants of the mist away, — Far, far o'er all extends the aching eye, Where azure mountains mingle with the sky : ^ To these the curious optic tube applied Reveals each object distance else would hide ; Their seats or homesteads, plac'd in pleasantshades, Show their white walls and windows through the glades ; There rears the hamlet church its hoary tow'r; 'The clock's bright index points the passing hour) There green-rob'd huntsmen o'er the sunny lawn Lead home their beagles from the chase withdrawn, And ploughs slow-moving turn the broad cham paign, And on steep summits feed the fleecy train. But wint'ry months few days like these supply, And their few moments far too swiftly fly : Dank thaws, chill fogs, rough winds, and beating rain, To sheltering rooms th' unwilling step detain; Yet there, my friend, shall liberal Science find Amusement various for th' inquiring mind. While History's hand her sanguine record brings, With, woes of nations fraught, and crimes of kings; lague thins the street, and Famine blasts the plain, Var wields his sword, Oppression binds his chain; uriosity pursues the unfolding tale, Vhich Reason blames, and Pity's tears bewail. While Fancy's pow'rs th' eventful novel frame, And Virtue's care directs its constant aim ; As Fiction's pen domestic life pourtrays, ts hopes, and fears, and joys, and griefs displays; 5y Grandison's or Clinton's 6 story mov'd, We read delighted, and we rise improv'd. Then with bold voyagers our thought explores ast tracts of ocean and untrodden shores ; ow views rude climes, where ice-rocks drear aspire, )r red volcanos shoot their streams of fire : J s The green woodpecker. Vide Pennant's Bri» sh Zoology, folio, p. 78. 6 Vide The Fool of Quality, a well-known novel, y Mr. Henry Brooke, author of Gustavus Vasa, c. ESSAY ON PAINTING. 491 Now seeks sweet isles, where lofty palm-groves wave, And cany banks translucent rivers lave ; Where Plenty's gifts luxuriant load the soil, And Ease repose?, charm'd with Beauty's smile. Such, hapless Cook 1 ! amid the southern main, Rose thy Tahe:te's peaks and flow'ry plain ; — Why, daring wanderer ! quit that blissful land, To seek new dangers on a barbarous strand ? Why doom'd, so long escap'd from storms and foes, Upon that strand thy dying eyes to close ; Remote each place by habit render'd dear, Nor British friends nor Otaheitean near ? Nor less than books the engraver's works invite, Where past and distant come before the sight ; Where, all the painter's lively tints convey'd, The skilful copyist gives in light and shade : While faithful views the prospect's charms display, From coast to coast, and town to town, we stray ; While faithful portraits human features trace, We gaze delighted on the speaking face ; Survey the port that bards and heroes bore, Or mark the smiles that high-born beauties wore. Cease these to please ? Philosophy attends / vVith arts where knowledge with diversion blends; ( The Sun's vast system in a model shows ; | Bids the clear lens new forms to sight expose ; \ Constructs machines, whose wondrous powers de- Th' effects of light, and properties of air; [clare With whirling globes excites electric fires, And all their force and all their use inquires. j O Nature ! how immense thy secret store, I Beyond what ev'n a Priestley can explore ! V Such, friend, the employments may his time divide, Whom rural shades from scenes of business hide ; While o'er his ear unnotic'd glide away The noise and nonsense of the pacsing day 8 ! AN ESSAY ON PAINTING, TO A YOUNG ARTIST. The author had conceived a design of writing a pretty extensive poem on the subject of paint ing, long before Mr. Hayley's ingenious Poetical Epistle to an eminent Painter appeared. That performance anticipated and precluded part of his intended work, but seemed not to render the suppression of the following lines necessary. FROM sunny Adria's sea-surrounded tow'rs, From Tiber's vales and Arno's viny bow'rs, The Muse of painting seeks Britannia's plain, And leads to Thames's bank her favourite train : 7 This celebrated circumnavigator, after sur mounting numerous difficulties, and escaping many dangers, was at length slain by the inhabitants of Owhyhee, a little island in the Pacific Ocean. 8 A short Epistle, partly on the same plan as the foregoing, was, some years ago, inadvertently suffered to appear in a Collection of Poems, by several hands, published by G. Pearch. — Such lines of that piece as were thought worth preservation, are here retained. There, where a nation's wealth her dome has plac'd, With her kind sister's1 Attic beauties grac'd, She, like the Spring, as liberal and as gay, Bids her rich hand its annual stores display; And mimic Being glowing round the walls, From scene to scene the rapt attention calls. There, where the public gives the palm of praise, And only Merit to renown can raise, Doubtless, my friend, the just ambition's thine To see thy future works distinguish'd shine. Hear then thy poet's monitory lay, That hints not useless may perchance convey : No artist I, like him of Gallia's shore1, Whose pencil practis'd, ere he taught his lore ; Yet Taste incites me others' works to view, And risk a judgment haply not untrue. Were Painting's path my pleasing road to fame, The choice of subject much my care should claim ; His graphic pow'r he sure but ill bestows, Who best a trifle's nice resemblance shows. Though the rich tints so finely blended fall, When carps and pheasants deck the rural hall, That oft, like Zeuxis' grapes, they scarcely fail To tempt to touch the feather or the scale, — Yet not ev'n Elmer's 3 skill can make us prize What ev'ry field or ev'ry pond supplies ; Regret gives pain to view such wondrous art Tried on no theme that interests the heart. The pride of genius should thy hand restrain From all that life's inferior ranks contain*; Thy conscious pallet ne'er its hues should spare To draw a sportsman's hound or racer's mare ; Nor thy reluctant crayon stoop to trace A fool's dull eye or villain's ill-mark'd face. But deem not portrait's gifts I mean to slight,— Portrait, the source of many a pure delight ! When bards' or sages' works our wishes fire To see their forms whose minds we there admire, The featur'd canvass full to view displays Reason's deep calm or Fancy's glowing rays. When Beauty's charms their varied graces wear, Love's gentle smile, or Mirth's vivacious air, The pleasing image strikes remotest climes, And goes unalter'd down to distant times. | 12,066 |
https://github.com/jrm5100/fgbio/blob/master/src/main/scala/com/fulcrumgenomics/bam/CallOverlappingConsensusBases.scala | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | null | fgbio | jrm5100 | Scala | Code | 1,026 | 2,413 | /*
* The MIT License
*
* Copyright (c) 2022 Fulcrum Genomics
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
* of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
* in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
* to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
* copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
* furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
* all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
* AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
* OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
* THE SOFTWARE.
*
*/
package com.fulcrumgenomics.bam
import com.fulcrumgenomics.FgBioDef.{FgBioEnum, FilePath, PathToBam, PathToFasta, SafelyClosable}
import com.fulcrumgenomics.bam.api.{SamOrder, SamSource, SamWriter}
import com.fulcrumgenomics.cmdline.{ClpGroups, FgBioTool}
import com.fulcrumgenomics.commons.collection.ParIterator
import com.fulcrumgenomics.commons.util.LazyLogging
import com.fulcrumgenomics.commons.util.Threads.IterableThreadLocal
import com.fulcrumgenomics.sopt.{arg, clp}
import com.fulcrumgenomics.util.{Io, Metric, ProgressLogger}
import enumeratum.EnumEntry
import scala.collection.immutable
@clp(group = ClpGroups.SamOrBam, description=
"""
|Consensus calls overlapping bases in read pairs.
|
|## Inputs and Outputs
|
|In order to correctly correct reads by template, the input BAM must be either `queryname` sorted or `query` grouped.
|The sort can be done in streaming fashion with:
|
|```
|samtools sort -n -u in.bam | fgbio CallOverlappingConsensusBases -i /dev/stdin ...
|```
|
|The output sort order may be specified with `--sort-order`. If not given, then the output will be in the same
|order as input.
|
|The reference FASTA must be given so that any existing `NM`, `UQ` and `MD` tags can be repaired.
|
|## Correction
|
|Only mapped read pairs with overlapping bases will be eligible for correction.
|
|Each read base from the read and its mate that map to same position in the reference will be used to create
|a consensus base as follows:
|
|1. If the base agree, then the chosen agreement strategy (`--agreement-strategy`) will be used.
|2. If the base disagree, then the chosen disagreement strategy (`--disagreement-strategy`) will be used.
|
|The agreement strategies are as follows:
|
|* Consensus: Call the consensus base and return a new base quality that is the sum of the two base qualities.
|* MaxQual: Call the consensus base and return a new base quality that is the maximum of the two base qualities.
|* PassThrough: Leave the bases and base qualities unchanged.
|
|In the context of disagreement strategies, masking a base will make the base an "N" with base quality phred-value "2".
|The disagreement strategies are as follows:
|
|* MaskBoth: Mask both bases.
|* MaskLowerQual: Mask the base with the lowest base quality, with the other base unchanged. If the base qualities
| are the same, mask both bases.
|* Consensus: Consensus call the base. If the base qualities are the same, mask both bases. Otherwise, call the
| base with the highest base quality and return a new base quality that is the difference between the
| highest and lowest base quality.
| """)
class CallOverlappingConsensusBases
(@arg(flag='i', doc="Input SAM or BAM file of aligned reads.") val input: PathToBam,
@arg(flag='o', doc="Output SAM or BAM file.") val output: PathToBam,
@arg(flag='m', doc="Output metrics file.") val metrics: FilePath,
@arg(flag='r', doc="Reference sequence fasta file.") val ref: PathToFasta,
@arg(doc="The number of threads to use while consensus calling.") val threads: Int = 1,
@arg(flag='S', doc="The sort order of the output. If not given, output will be in the same order as input if the input.")
val sortOrder: Option[SamOrder] = None,
@arg(doc="The strategy to consensus call when both bases agree. See the usage for more details")
val agreementStrategy: AgreementStrategy = AgreementStrategy.Consensus,
@arg(doc="The strategy to consensus call when both bases disagree. See the usage for more details")
val disagreementStrategy: DisagreementStrategy = DisagreementStrategy.Consensus
) extends FgBioTool with LazyLogging {
Io.assertReadable(input)
Io.assertReadable(ref)
Io.assertCanWriteFile(output)
private case class ThreadData
(caller: OverlappingBasesConsensusCaller = new OverlappingBasesConsensusCaller(agreementStrategy=agreementStrategy, disagreementStrategy=disagreementStrategy),
templateMetric: CallOverlappingConsensusBasesMetric = CallOverlappingConsensusBasesMetric(kind=CountKind.Templates),
basesMetric: CallOverlappingConsensusBasesMetric = CallOverlappingConsensusBasesMetric(kind=CountKind.Bases)
)
override def execute(): Unit = {
val source = SamSource(input)
val outSort = sortOrder.flatMap { order => if (SamOrder(source.header).contains(order)) None else Some(order) }
val writer = Bams.nmUqMdTagRegeneratingWriter(writer=SamWriter(output, source.header.clone(), sort=outSort), ref=ref)
val progress = new ProgressLogger(logger)
val templateIterator = Bams.templateIterator(source)
val threadData = new IterableThreadLocal(() => ThreadData())
// Require queryname sorted or query grouped
Bams.requireQueryGrouped(header=source.header, toolName="CallOverlappingConsensusBases")
ParIterator(templateIterator, threads=threads)
.map { template =>
val threadDatum = threadData.get()
threadDatum.synchronized {
// update metrics
threadDatum.templateMetric.total += 1
threadDatum.basesMetric.total += template.primaryReads.map(_.length).sum
// corrects
val stats = threadDatum.caller.call(template)
val correctedBases = stats.r1CorrectedBases + stats.r2CorrectedBases
if (stats.overlappingBases > 0) {
threadDatum.templateMetric.overlapping += 1
threadDatum.basesMetric.overlapping += stats.overlappingBases
if (correctedBases > 0) {
threadDatum.templateMetric.corrected += 1
threadDatum.basesMetric.corrected += correctedBases
}
}
}
template.allReads.foreach(progress.record)
template
}.toAsync(ParIterator.DefaultChunkSize * 8).foreach { template =>
writer ++= template.allReads
}
progress.logLast()
source.safelyClose()
writer.close()
val templatesMetric = CallOverlappingConsensusBasesMetric(kind=CountKind.Templates)
val basesMetric = CallOverlappingConsensusBasesMetric(kind=CountKind.Bases)
threadData.foreach { datum =>
templatesMetric += datum.templateMetric
basesMetric += datum.basesMetric
}
Metric.write(metrics, templatesMetric, basesMetric)
}
}
/** Collects the the number of reads or bases that were examined, had overlap, and were corrected as part of
* the [[CallOverlappingConsensusBases]] tool.
*
* @param kind template if the counts are per template, bases if counts are in units of bases.
* @param total the total number of templates (bases) examined
* @param overlapping the total number of templates (bases) that were overlapping
* @param corrected the total number of templates (bases) that were corrected.
*/
case class CallOverlappingConsensusBasesMetric
(
kind: CountKind,
var total: Long = 0,
var overlapping: Long = 0,
var corrected: Long = 0,
) extends Metric {
def +=(other: CallOverlappingConsensusBasesMetric): CallOverlappingConsensusBasesMetric = {
require(this.kind == other.kind)
this.total += other.total
this.overlapping += other.overlapping
this.corrected += other.corrected
this
}
}
sealed trait CountKind extends EnumEntry
/** Enumeration for the type of counts in [[CallOverlappingConsensusBasesMetric]]. */
object CountKind extends FgBioEnum[CountKind] {
case object Templates extends CountKind
case object Bases extends CountKind
override def values: immutable.IndexedSeq[CountKind] = findValues
} | 43,008 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32496134 | Wikidata | Semantic data | CC0 | null | Binoayan Creek | None | Multilingual | Semantic data | 49 | 88 | Binoayan Creek
river in the Philippines
Binoayan Creek instance of river
Binoayan Creek GeoNames ID 1979322
Binoayan Creek elevation above sea level
Binoayan Creek country Philippines
Binoayan Creek GNS Unique Feature ID 9164691
Binoayan Creek coordinate location
Binoayan Creek located in the administrative territorial entity Davao City
Binoayan Creek | 18,239 |
http://data.theeuropeanlibrary.org/BibliographicResource/3000126333273 http://www.theeuropeanlibrary.org/tel4/newspapers/issue/3000126333273 http://port2.theeuropeanlibrary.org/fcgi-bin/iipsrv2.fcgi?FIF=node-4/image/NLF/Hufvudstadsbladet/1910/12/15/341_1/19101215_341_1-0001.jp2&wid=200&cvt=jpg http://port2.theeuropeanlibrary.org/fcgi-bin/iipsrv2.fcgi?FIF=node-4/image/NLF/Hufvudstadsbladet/1910/12/15/341_1/19101215_341_1-0002.jp2&wid=200&cvt=jpg http://port2.theeuropeanlibrary.org/fcgi-bin/iipsrv2.fcgi?FIF=node-4/image/NLF/Hufvudstadsbladet/1910/12/15/341_1/19101215_341_1-0003.jp2&wid=200&cvt=jpg http://port2.theeuropeanlibrary.org/fcgi-bin/iipsrv2.fcgi?FIF=node-4/image/NLF/Hufvudstadsbladet/1910/12/15/341_1/19101215_341_1-0004.jp2&wid=200&cvt=jpg http://port2.theeuropeanlibrary.org/fcgi-bin/iipsrv2.fcgi?FIF=node-4/image/NLF/Hufvudstadsbladet/1910/12/15/341_1/19101215_341_1-0005.jp2&wid=200&cvt=jpg http://port2.theeuropeanlibrary.org/fcgi-bin/iipsrv2.fcgi?FIF=node-4/image/NLF/Hufvudstadsbladet/1910/12/15/341_1/19101215_341_1-0006.jp2&wid=200&cvt=jpg http://port2.theeuropeanlibrary.org/fcgi-bin/iipsrv2.fcgi?FIF=node-4/image/NLF/Hufvudstadsbladet/1910/12/15/341_1/19101215_341_1-0007.jp2&wid=200&cvt=jpg http://port2.theeuropeanlibrary.org/fcgi-bin/iipsrv2.fcgi?FIF=node-4/image/NLF/Hufvudstadsbladet/1910/12/15/341_1/19101215_341_1-0008.jp2&wid=200&cvt=jpg http://port2.theeuropeanlibrary.org/fcgi-bin/iipsrv2.fcgi?FIF=node-4/image/NLF/Hufvudstadsbladet/1910/12/15/341_1/19101215_341_1-0009.jp2&wid=200&cvt=jpg http://port2.theeuropeanlibrary.org/fcgi-bin/iipsrv2.fcgi?FIF=node-4/image/NLF/Hufvudstadsbladet/1910/12/15/341_1/19101215_341_1-0010.jp2&wid=200&cvt=jpg http://port2.theeuropeanlibrary.org/fcgi-bin/iipsrv2.fcgi?FIF=node-4/image/NLF/Hufvudstadsbladet/1910/12/15/341_1/19101215_341_1-0011.jp2&wid=200&cvt=jpg http://port2.theeuropeanlibrary.org/fcgi-bin/iipsrv2.fcgi?FIF=node-4/image/NLF/Hufvudstadsbladet/1910/12/15/341_1/19101215_341_1-0012.jp2&wid=200&cvt=jpg http://port2.theeuropeanlibrary.org/fcgi-bin/iipsrv2.fcgi?FIF=node-4/image/NLF/Hufvudstadsbladet/1910/12/15/341_1/19101215_341_1-0013.jp2&wid=200&cvt=jpg http://port2.theeuropeanlibrary.org/fcgi-bin/iipsrv2.fcgi?FIF=node-4/image/NLF/Hufvudstadsbladet/1910/12/15/341_1/19101215_341_1-0014.jp2&wid=200&cvt=jpg http://port2.theeuropeanlibrary.org/fcgi-bin/iipsrv2.fcgi?FIF=node-4/image/NLF/Hufvudstadsbladet/1910/12/15/341_1/19101215_341_1-0015.jp2&wid=200&cvt=jpg http://port2.theeuropeanlibrary.org/fcgi-bin/iipsrv2.fcgi?FIF=node-4/image/NLF/Hufvudstadsbladet/1910/12/15/341_1/19101215_341_1-0016.jp2&wid=200&cvt=jpg http://www.theeuropeanlibrary.org/tel4/newspapers/issue/fullscreen/3000126333273_4 | Europeana | Open Culture | Public Domain | null | Hufvudstadsbladet, nr: 341 | None | Swedish | Spoken | 8,055 | 16,481 | Man har därvid glömt, synes det, ett den förnämsta charmen i alla memoar verk- ligger just i författarnas per sonliga sätt att se och beskrifva och att historieskrifning och me inoarveik enligt en berömd histo rikers utsago ingenting gemen samt äga. Rankes berömda ord ''"Memoaren sind keine Geschidhte" kunde och borde alla memoarför fattare sätta som motto på sina böcker för att undgå de vanliga fö rebråelserna för ensidighet i upp fattning eller bristande vederhäf tighet. Föreliggande femte del omfattar sju karaktäristiker. Af dem är väl uppsatsen om Ivan Mihailovitsch Obolenski, en pendant till för fattarens tidigare generalguver nörsporträtt af Adlerberg och Hei den —, den som skall läsas med det största intresset oberoende of hvilken ståndpunkt läsaren tager till författarens slutcmidöme. Carl Gustaf Estlander är skildrad rik tigt con amore uppsatsen om honom är säkert en af samlingar nas allra bästa karaktäristiker och ett ypperligt exempel på finheten och elegansen i Ahrenbergs konst att skildra. Med nöje och intresse läses likaså hvad Ahrenberg har att förtälja om Kaarlo Bergbom och Anders Ramsay. Uppsatsen a om Julius Lange och Pietro Kiohn ansluta sig till de bilder af fram stående utländska personligheter dem författaren förut tecknat. De med italienska reseminnen och be lysande anekdoter späckade skil dringarna skänka icke blott karak täristiska bidrag till uppfattnin gen af dessa om dansk kultur o-;]! danskt konstlif sä högt förtjänta män utan höra säkert till de mest spirituella essayer som flutit ur författarens penna. Porträttet af Henrietta Rebecca Jacobson är en liten fin teckning sonr utmärkt för svarar sin plats i samlingen. Ahrenberg har så ofta och från de mest olika håll kompliniente mts för sin ovanligt liffulla och fina berättarkonst att det förefal ler helt hanalt att påpeka det äf ven föreliggande volym besitter alla. de företräden en spirituell framställning skänker. Huru ut prägladt personlig och smidig hans stil ken te sig därom ger följande utdrag ur uppsatsen om Henrietta Jacobson en god föreställning. "Fröken Henriette var icke en svensk skönhet. En svensk skön het är monumental till sin lägg ning, klar i sina färger, om hon sedan är blond, cendré eller mörk. Hon uppträder med en betydande värdighet, för att ej säga gran dezza, som väcker kyla, ehuru men snart finner att där vanligen alls ingen kyla finnes. Fröken Hen riette var finlemmad, spröd; och plLastisk i alla sina rörelser. Ur det fördolda af Marja Sal mela. Söderström & C:o för lag. Marja Sabnela (Maria Stenroth) är för den finskspråkiga allmänhe ten bekant genom flere arbeten. För den svenska publiken torde bon nu för första gången framträ da. Hon visar sig i denna bok som en van ocb fullfärdig författarin na, medveten om både mål och me del. Hennes berättelser de äro till antalet nio söka visa hvil ka konflikter ocb ledsambeter som kunna uppkomma om icke lifvet rättas efter samvetets ocb sedelä rans bud och om icke annat än egoism leder människomas gar- och handlingar. Hennes no velletter få~ ; härigenom, en an strykning af tendens, som dock icke öfverallt sticker i ögonen och ofta knappt är märkbar. Stundom rör sig berättelsernas innehåll om omständigheter, som kunna före falla betydelselösa ,men som i hen nas band icke desto mindre ge till räckligt stoff för litterär behand ling. En sådan är t. ex. den konst närligt gjorda lilla berättelsen „Full lön", som skildrar ett par timmar ur en tjänarinnas lif. Den na skildring står kanhända högst i samlingen och är i sin enkelhet rö rande och tankeväckande. Men' äfven de öfriga berättelserna äro förtjänstfulla skildringar ur lifvet. Läses de i sällskapskretsarna, ge de utan tvifvel anledning till dis kussion. Författarinnan bar skrifvit sin bok, ledd af varm tro på det ljusa och goda i lifvet och med säker blick för formen. Hennes berät telser skola också helt säkert högt värderas på många håll icke minst för sina litterära förtjänsters skull. r. Raumo-Historier af E v a Ljung berg. Söderström & C :o för lag. I en liten volym har Eva Ljung berg samlat några Raumo-histo rier och andra berättelser, hvaraf åtminstone en del förut varit pub licerade. Sådana drag ur en gam mal stads lif, som författarinnan här återgifvit, äro ju alltid af in tresse att bevara» Om också en stads historia skrifves eller är skrifven, så upptagas ju däri säl lan privatlifvets små händelser och minnen, hvilka dock äro egnade att närmare karaktärisera andan i samhället och gifva en föreställ ning om det dagliga görandet och låtandet. Eva Ljungberg berät tar hur det va"r „När fienden kom" år 1855 och räddar från glömskan några roliga typer. De följande berättelserna ge oss äfven en idé cm människorna i det gamla Rau mo och om den förr existerande „Rossis skola". V* • -I -■■V fc? H m ;l«{- ■ y, 48 Kasarng. 48 vis å vis Wasa bauk. i £ Ral II I • r . i <? -v».-. 1 Kavajer GossKostymer i cheviot irån K Fmk 10: Filials Robertsg. 27 Fredriksg. i ' i'.? V-.'V> r-fr* Hörabutiken. •' i - < >3**^ ; rvwjs _ Hyllning. Kommunalrådet Karl Fi e an d t i Padasjoki blef på sin 00- årsdag den 10 dennes föremål för tal rika gratulationer och hedersbetygel ser. På morgonen uppvaktades 60- ärigen af cn skara ortsbor, som väck te honom med hornmusik och fram buro blommor. Med sång uppvaktade äfven handarbelsskolans elever och lånare. Något senare infann sig en femmannadeputation, å hvars väg nar kommunalnämndens ordförande Kvösti Salojärvi tctlkade kommunal styrelsens tacksamhet för det för tjänstfulla sätt, hvarå hr F. verkat för det. kommunala lifvet i Padasjoki. Vidare uppvaktades jubilaren å folk skolornas vägnar, å församlingens vägnar af kyrkoherden, å landtmanna. sällskapets vägnar m. m. Diverse landsortsnotiser. Finsk tillverkning af kylverk och precisions-ångmaskiner för slakthus, bryggerier, mejerier m. m. har al' Ak tiebolaget Vulcan. i Abo upptagits som specialitet på grundval af nykonstruk tioner, hvilka under sista åren tilläm pats vid flerc af Europas förnämsta kylverk, bl. a. vid Stockholm® snart färdiga slakthus, som med sin effekt af 400,000 calorier pr timme torde bljf. va den största anläggning i sitt slag i norden. säljbart äfven medfört ett manu skript, med hvilket han en dag in trädde till firman Söderström & C :o. Förlaget mottog manuskrip tet och resultatet af kommersen är föreliggande bok, som således är skrifven af en autodidakt samma person som för någon tid sedan utgaf skildringen Rannö. Som titeln anger, rör sig boken om Amerikafebern ocb de ledsam heter och olyckor den medför för de hemmavarande anförvanterna och de af emigranterna öf vergifna egendomarna. I främ sta planet skildras här en ung allmogemän, som timrar sig en stuga och gifter sig, men gripen af lusten att resa ut till det stora landet i västern för att guld med täljknif, läm nar hemmet järnte hustrun så godt som vind för våg. I Amerika fin ner han det alls icke bra och för tjänsten är si ocb så. Högst sällan kan han sända en penning till hu strun, som råkat i svårt trångmål. Därhemma ha ett par hemman sålts däribland just det hvarå det unga parets torpställe låg emedan det är svårt att erhålla nö digt arbetsfolk, till stor del beroen de på Amerikafebern. De nya ägarne härja skogarna och parcel lera ut jorden åt finnar från fast landet, som på Åland införa ett nytt språk och nya seder. När torpets ägare slutligen kommer hem som en bruten man, har hans hustru råkat på förfall och stugan har hon varit tvungen att försälja. Resultatet af Amerika-resan blir sålunda intet annat än elände för familj och samhälle. Den enkelt och varmt hållna be rättelsen är .synbarligen skrifven af en man, som med klar blick iakttagit det han skrifver om, som vet hvad han vill och som är fullt och fast öfvertvgad om de olyck liga följderna af emigrationen. Författaren talar så uppriktigt af hjärtat, att man stundom blir rörd däraf. Hans kärlek till hem och fosterbygd, som han vill skyd da och värna, är så starkt rotad och så äkta, som man knappt kun nat tänka sig vara möjligt i dessa tider, då så mycket, ff>m man velat tro godt om, tyckts s'vika. Det på sak gående språ ket här här och där spår af dialekt, samt är i sin enkelhet kraftigt och ibland poetiskt. Om någonting kan motarbeta Amerika-febern, så är det väl just böcker af detta slag. Skrifven af en odalman äger berättelsen alla betingelser att uppskat tas af kretsar, som eljes icke äro lätta att träffa. Bref från Moskva. Firandet af N. Pirogoffs minne i Moskva och poli sens inblandning. Den 11 december 1910. Den 10 december begingo de lärda, medicinska, pedagogiska och huma nitära organisationerna i Moskva en åminnelsefest till firande af 100-års dagen af d/en ryktbara kirurgien, lä karen-humanisten och pedagogen Ni kolaj Pirogoffs födelse. Universitetels ofantliga aula, där högtidligheten fi rades, var öfverfylld af representan ter för olika samhällsklasser. Della garene utgjordes af professorer, läka re, skriftställare, advokater och stu derande. öfver 60 sällskap och för bund hade sändt delegerade till den högtidliga akten. Icke häller sakna des representanter för de administra tiva myndigheterna. Den högtidliga akten öppnades af ordföranden i,,för eningen af ryska läkare till N. Piro , goffs minne", professorn F. Re.in med ett hälsninsgtal. ~Jag hälsar de när varande välkomna, yttrade Rein —, som samlats för att hedra minnet af den, hvars namn bäres af vår förening, den store vetenskapsman nen, och samhällsifraren på 100: de årsdagen af hans födelse. Hans lär doms ljus har icke slocknat, och lyser i våra dagar lika klart som tilirörene. Härom vittnar det stora antalet när varande och die talrika delegationer na. Dagen för N. Pirogoff® födelse är den 13 november, men en för Ryss land sorglig tilldragelse har för en tid skjutit firandet af denna högtidsdag i bakgrunden. Den ~stora åldrin gens" skugga har för en tid undan skymt Pirogoffs födelsedag. Låtom oss hedra tvenne tore mäns minne genom uppstigning!" Hela auditoriet reste sig högtidligt. Det första andragandet hölls af riksdumamedlemmen, d:r Schingareff som bl. a. anförde: N. Pirogoff löddes den 13 november 1810 i Moskva. Hans barndom för flöt under synnerligen gynnsamma förhållanden och vid 6 års ålder lärde sig den unga gossen läsa och skrifva. Vid 14 års ålder .inträdde han vid uni versitetet i Moskva och vid 17 års ålder hade han afslutat sina studier. Härefter sändes Pirogoff på statens bekostnad utomlands för att förbere da sig till professuren. "Då Pirogoff var 26 år gammal blef han professor i kirurgi vid universitetet i Dcrpat. Ar 1841 öfvcrgick han till mediko kirur giska akademin i Petersburg, vid hvilken han i 14 år arbetade såsom kliniker, kirurg ocll anatom. Under dessa 14 år verkställde Pirogoff c:a 12,000 obduktioner och begynte an ställa undersökningar och rön be träffande ether-narkosens verkningar vid operationer.. Hans i alla afseen den glänsande verksamhet såsom ki rurg gjorde honom till föremål för allmän uppmärksamhet. Pirogoffs under denna tid utgifva vetenskapli ga arbeten tillförsäkrade honom världsrykte. I N. »Ryssarnas Gud är stor" skrif ver PiTOOgff från denna tid till sin hustru »men äfven de ryska skur karna äro stora!" Efter krigefs slut framträdde N. Pirogoff på den peda gogiska skådebanan och offent ii gjor de en serie glänsande uppsatser un der rubriken »Lifsfrågor". Uti sin pedagogiska verksamhet var Pirogoff en afsvuren fiende till trångsynt na tionalism och kämpade på det mest enerigska sätt mot »russifikationen" af »utlänningarnas" skolor. N. Piro goffs förhållande till den minnesrika tilldragelsen den */„ mars 1881 är karakfänstiskt. Afgjord motståndare till den -terroristiska akten, påstod han samtiditg, ~att det finnnes perio der i folkens historia, då, de oundvik ligt och på ödesdigert sått genom händelsernas logik lefva upp till nytt lif, och då regeringarna, med eller mot sin vilja, få lof att frångå konserva tismen". Kampen mot kramulan led de sig för Pirogoff såsom vågen ull omedelbara och nödvändiga reformer och såsom den förnämsta af dem syn tes honom „införandet af vald folk representation i riksrådet". En mot ståndare till allt. hvad tvånsgåtgärder heter, uppträdde Pirogoff äfven ener giskt mot att regeringen skulle vidta ga sådana. I hans dagboksantecknin gar står bl. a. på ett stålle: „Det ena onda alstrar det andra; detta är en naturlag, som icke kan kringgås. „Det är ingen skillnad mel lan statsmord och enskil da mord!" Pirogoffs program för en. folkrepresentation innehåller föl jande punkter: en utvidgning af själf styrelseorganens rättigheter, en ut jämning af alla ståndsrättigheter och rättigheterna inom gränsmarkerna, upphäfvandet af kxisgdomstolar, lag om pressfrihet, införande af läroplikt samt. reglering af böndernas agrarför hållanden. Sitt andragande slutade Schingareff med följande ord: ~Sedan 30 år tillhaka hviLar Piro goffs stoft i den kalla grafven, men hans idéal och önskningsmål äro än nu långt ifrån förverkligade i vårt lif, och om han nu skulle uppstå och upp träda offentligt i vår rilcsduma, hu ru aktuella skulle icke hans redan då uttalade ord framstå! Han skul le uppmana oss att omsätta sina for na idéal i verkligheten, idéal som ännu stå så långt framom vårt nu varande siats- och samhällsskick". Uti ett andragande: "Pirogoff så som kirurg" framhöll professor I. Alexinskij Pirogoffs stora betydelse i kirurgins historia och speciellt inom den militära fältkirurgin, såsom en genialisk reformator. I Duriljin utvecklade uti ett synner ligen intressant andragande: "N. Pi rogoff och uppfoslringens och under visningens framtid" Pirogoffs peda gogiska åsikter och framhöll det nä ra samband, som finnes mellan des sa och den unga skolans idéaler som säga: "Frihet för barnet är frihet för mannen". Privatdocenten L. Tarase vitsch föreslog i sitt tal grundläggan de af ett hus i Moskva med Pirogoffs namn. Sedan drogo de till akten anlända deputationerna i ett långt tag upp till estraden, och framsade sina häls ningstal. Såsom en röd tråd gick genom samtliga tal tanken, att nu rådande förhållanden i Ryssland te sig mörka och stå långt under de ideal, N. Pirogoff på sin tid framma nat. De vid estraden sittande polis pristaverna följde med feberaktig spänning talarenas andraganden och gjorde flitigt anteckningar. Efter en hel rad talare höll en delegerad för studentsamfundet ett af applåder af brutet tal, som slutade med orden: "Låtom oss handla som förkämpen medborgaren Pirogoff uppmanat oss att göra! Låtom oss icke nedslås af det omgifvande mörkret! Där, ytter om dessa murar, plågas det ryska folket i krampryckningar, men det är icke dödsryckningar, ulan födslo våndan för ett nytt lif. Må vi därför allt närmare och trängre sluta oss samman kring Pirogoffs dyrbara namn, kring hans fana!" Efter dessa ord uppsteg en af polis pristaverna och skrek: "Jag upplöser församlingen". Polisens oväntade inblandning ge nom att upplösa församlingen utan att tidigare ha gifvit ens en varning, gjorde ett pinsamt intryck få de när varande. "Det är godtycke! Hvarför upp löser man mötet? Säg orsaken?"... ropades från alla håll. "Talarenas andraganden begyn na inslå en icke önskvärd riktning och jag kan icke tillåta att mötet fortgår", dekreterar den äldste re presentanten för polismyndigheterna. Man märkta tydligt att polisen i sjäif va verket icke vidare ämnade tillåta en fortsättning af mötet, hvarför ord föranden, professor Rein, förklarade högtidligheten afslutad. Sålunda kun de den högtidliga akten för firande af N. Pirogoffs minne icke afslutas som sig bort. 0 A dl er. Kronor. Det är icke kroncsr för denna värl dens furstar och konungar, utan kro nor för världsaltets mäktigaste fur ste ljuset.De äroutställda i Ivar Tho més ruminredningsbyrå, Kasernga tan 46 och härstamma från en be kant konstindustriverkstad i Österbot ten, hr Allan Helenius.' Den omfat tande kollektionen består af små och stora, billiga och dvra krcnor, lam por och lampetter af järn, mässing, koppar och silfver. Allt. är vackert och konstnärligt. Materialets skön het framhäfveg med säkert öga för dess speciella karaktär, och i det tek niska utförandet öfvergår skicklgne ten ofta till verkligt raffinemang, så som den moderna konstindustrin det kräfver. Och i sitt stilla sinne tager sig besökaren en liten funderare öfver hvad som månde vara orsaken till, att vi finnar importera alt möjligt värde löst lampskrot från Tyskland mot hö ga pris, ehuru vi kunna få våra Ijus garaitvr smakfullt, gjorda och billiga här hemma. Jag vet att jag sjunger en gammal, sorgelig visa, men den i kan visst aldrig sjungas för ofta. Nemo. Litteratur och konst. Svenska teatern. Svenska teaterns personal åter vände i dag från Vihorg, dä.r före ställningar gifvits med god fram gång i två veckors tid. I morgon fredag uppföres liärstädes såsom billig hets före ställ n i n g Henry Batailles intressanta skåde spel Skandalen med fru Hå k a n s s o n-T a u b e och hr Berg vall i hufvudrollerna. Förköp i dag från kl. 10 f. m. Folkteatern. Andersson, Pettersson och Lundström. Det är naturligtvis don stundande julen med dess anspråk på en för helgdagarna speciellt afpassad, för alla åldrar och smakriktningar be räknad repertoar, som förmått Folk teatern att ånyo till spelning uppta ga den gamla fotkkorpedin Anders son, Pettersson och Lundström. Att valet af pjes icke alls utfallit Ola be visade både den ovanligt väl besatta salongen och den munterhet och det lifliga bifall som hela aftonen i går följde styckets gång öfver scenen. I själfva verket äger den gamla folk komedin många betingelser att roa åtminstone helgdagspubliken. Dess enkla handling har en lika allmänt giltig som lätfattlig tendens, do ko miska och sentimentala scenerna om växla på ett behagligt sätt t pjesen och det fantasteri med troll och féer, som författaren infört, är en förtjänst, hvilken måste skattas särskildt högt vid juletid och gör "Andersson, Pettersson och Lundström" till en lämplig helgdagspjes. Lägger man härtill ännu att sång- och dansnum mer förekomma hviika som alltid pä teatern lifva upp åskådarskaran i sa longen, så äro några af de egenska per antydda som böra räknas stycket till förtjänst och fortfarande bevisa dess spelduglighet. Att representationen emellertid icke så tydligt som önskligt. varit förmåd da framhäfva de goda sidorna hos den gamla komedin berodde därpå att stycket var långt ifrån färdigt att i går framföras för publiken. Såväl de enskilda rollinnehafvarena som statister och orkester hade tydligen behöft vida flere repetitioner än nu beståtts för att få det hela att gå väl i hop. I går brast det i en hel mängd detaljer och föreställningen fick en prägel af slarfvighet och nonchalans öfver sig, som icke borde få förekom ma. Men det är lyckligtvis så pass lång'j till jul ännu att programmet hinner inöfvas fullfärdigt till helgda garnas representationer. Af de med spelande var det herr Wohiström som i Lundströms taekfamma roll bäst lyckades underhålla publiken. Visserligen framställde skådespela ren figuren med en öfverdrift, som stundom i alltför hög grad erinrade om "Den förgylda lergöken", men spelet bars af humor, och det förso nade med mycket. Som Andersson och Pettersson voro herrar Lin d h och Lindroos väl på sin plats. Af de talrika birollernas framställare böra nämnas fruar L i n d h (Fortuna) och Edelberg-Faustinus (A -morosa), herr Stenström, som var mycket lustig i trollkungens skep nad, herr J. Precht (Infemalis) och fru Era stoff som väckte myc ken munterhet genom sin drastiska framställning af en modern piga. De i stycket inlagda kupletterna med hänsyftningar till dagens frågor voro icke särskildt roande och för mådde icke heller locka publiken att begära bisseringar. Hj. L. Samma pjes uppföres i dag för and ra gången. Musikaflonen i går upptog idel elevprestationer och var ■sålunda att taga som en första resumé af verk samheten under terminen. Främsta plats intogo pianoklasserna. Fröken E. af Hällström öppnade raden med Beethovens Fantasi op. 77. Ut förandet var gediget, vittnade om god skola och ren musikalisk smak. Herr Juho Nvyssönen presterade god teknik i Chopins Tarantelia op. 43. Gärna hade man dock sett numret utbytt mot ett stycke, som gifvit me ra tillfälle till föredrag. Herr Martti V aula fäste uppmärksamhet vid sin uppgående pianistiska talang i ett Bach- och ett Chopin-nummer, hvil ka han utförde med lofvande färdig het. I dubbelkanserten af Bach, c moll, sats I och 111 utmärkte sig i ovanlig grad frk. Fanny Hollt och hr Ernst L i n k o, ackompagnerade af institutets orkester ledd af direktor Karl Ekman. De båda solisterna briljerade med slagfärdig teknik och ett i allo berömvärdt samspel. Inom sångklasserna var utförandet mera variabelt. Bäst framstod fru Linnea Christianscn. Sången har vittne om god skola samt om förfinad utveckling i föredrag och i röst behandling. Härnäst kom hr A. S i m i 1 ä, soni visade sig äga en vac ker och redan namnvärdt ansad röst. Afven föredraget gaf i fråga om lyft ning goda löften. De öfriga sångpres tationerna stodo ännu pä en nivå af begynnande utveckling. % Från violinklassen upptog program met. tre nummer utförla förtjänuf • it af frk. Helga Malmberg, hrr Bengt Carlson och Erik Kihl m a n. Särskildt utmärkte sig don sistnämnde genom sin fylliga ton, sin fasta stråke och sitt vackra spel up po i npplikatyren på g-strängen. Af ven de två andra violinisterna åhör des med intresse. På violoncellens område uppträdde hr S. Sokolow sky. Utförandet vittnade om studier och flit, men utvecklingsresultaten hade kunnat vara större. I stället ut märkte sig hr S. vid pianot fördelik tigt som ackompagnatör. Afven hrr Yaula och Linko ackompasmerade med omsorg. Den sistnämnda före drog dessutom en pianokomposition, Andante, af hr Bengt Carlson. Ifrån en enkelt sångfull början ut vecklade hr Carlson den tematiska uppränningen med vanerad behand ling och växande rikedom i utform ningen. Stycket höjde sig tib harmo niskt och piamstiskt präktiga mo ment, hvilkas skönhet och utveckling i röjde teknik och beg&fning hos kom ponisten och gåfvo siöa för goua för hoppningar. I dag äger den andra och sista elev aftonen rum. Bis. Itfcrikantos opera Elinan Surma har gifvits med stor framgång i Tam merfors. Kritiken skänker musiken i fjärde och femte akten mycket be röm för den dramatiska stegring, komponisten i dessa scener uppnått. Kirsti Flemmings parti utfördes nämnda aftnar af frk. Agnes Po s c h n er, som verkningsfullt synes ha bi dragit till operans framgång. Kriti kern i TJors Nyheter säger bl. a. att. „hennes Kirsti var som sig bör stolt, lidelsefull, bitter, listig och framförallt fri från alla på ytlig ef fekt beräknade poser".. Om hennes monolog i fjärde akten säges „att den na monolog gestaltade sig till afto nens glanspunkt". Herr Morik a n t o och solist ema hyllades varmt af publiken. I början af januari gifves operan i Viborg och Abo. Vetenskapligt arbete bedömdt t utlandet. Professor O. M. Reuters t Finska Vetenskapssocietetens Acta år 1908 publicerade afhandlincs ~Char akteristik und Erctwicklungsgeschich te der Hemiptoren Fauna der palåark tischen Koniferen" är föremål för en erkännande anmälan i sista, häftet a! „Deutsche entomotogische Nationa.l - Referenten anmärker att sammanfattande arbeten på tropholo gins område äro sällsynta och att man därför med desto större tacksam het bor hälsa ett. så klart skrifvet och intresseväckande arbete. Sedan ref. på tre sidor utförligt redogjort för deltas innehåll och författarens bevis föring för den af honom förfäktade tesen, att barrträdens skinnbagg fauna ursprungligen härstammar från på löfträd och örter Mvande arter, fäster ref. uppmärksamheten därpå att den det intressanta arbetet inle dande litteraturförteckningen uppta ger icke mindre än 59 sidor. Populär konsert är i dag. Pro grammet upptager: uvertyr till Lätta kavalleriet af Suppé, Loréleyparafras af Nesvadbo. Böhmisk dans af Dvo rak, scener ur Trubaduren, vals af Waldteufel, Solve-ias sång af Grieg, va te af Strauss, Ungersk dans af Brahms. Herr Max F flh 1e r blåser ett flöjtsolo, Capriccio af Kempter. Herr Ä. Sitt dirigerar. Finska sångerskor i utlandet. Rörande Hanna Granfelts uppträdande såsom Elsa i '"Lohen grin" på operorna i Hannover och Wiesbaden innehålla ortens blad föl jande omnämnande: Hallii o v e r i s c h e r A n z e i g e r: "Till sin yttre företeelse var sånger skan en rent af ideal Elsa. Också stämman år ovanligt älsklig och har i synnerhet i piano och .mezzoforte en hänförande klang" Hannoverischer C o u r i r: "Fröken Hanna Gnanfelt från Hof och nationalteatern i Mannheim efter, lämnade öfvervägando fördelaktiga intryck. Hon besitter en ståtlig sce nisk apparition och ett ytterst ut fcryckfulft minspel. Framför airr. for-, stod hon bringa oss Elsa verkligen mänskligt nära ulan den ofta använda sentimentaliteten och likväl med rik tig känslovärme. Hennes stämma har den äkta iingdomligt-dramatiska, fri ska timbren och är förträffligt utbil dad." Wiesbadener Ta ge blått: "Publiken, a vilken nästan, till sista plats fyllde salen, tröttnade ej att med det I'iriigaste bifall och talrika fram ropningar betyga den ungdomligt fagra konstnärinnan sitt fulla erkän nande för hennes såväl i vokalt som i dramatiskt hänseende lika högtståen de återgifvande af -rollen." Efter föreställningen i Hannover fortsatte publiken utanför teatern sina ovationer för konstnärinnan. Mally Borga har emottagit in bjudan att som solist medverka vid en Wagner-konsért, som föranstaltas i Kurhaus i Wiesbaden under instun de maj månad. Som andra solist skall medverka operans i Fiankfurt am Main kända tenor, Eljnar Forell hammer. Irma Tervani har af Kurhaus direktionen i Wiesbaden inbjudits att som solist medverka vkl någon se rie-konsert i Kursehaus nästa vinter. Som bekant tillvann, sig sångerskan nyligen stort, erkännande som "Car men" vid operan i Frankfurt am Main, dar hon sjöng samtidigt som Enrico Caruso. Nfir intima toatern i Stockholm stiindge. Trots rengvädret hade In tima teatern ett par goda hus, då den i söndags stängde sina porlar ber. St. Dagbl. Publiken hade synbarligen kommit med tanke på ett afskedsta gande. När man på eftermiddagen spelade ..Drottning Kristina" sentorades sär skildt några repliker, som växlades mellan drottningen och den blifvande Carl X, spelad af direktör Falck. Då hr Falck t. ex. slungade fram sin entréreplik: —' Jag äi verkligen alldeles oskyl dig till den har tråkiga processsen! så brast salongen i skratt och applå derade. Likaså då Kristina ber ho nom att låna henne 70,000 kr. och han med bedröfvad min svarar: Det kan jag verkligen inte för tillfället. Kvällsföreställningen var synnerli gen stämningsfull, och ~Fröken Julie" spelades con amore. Publiken applåd derade och det 'hela slöt med trenne inropningar. Man hade väntat, att direktör Falck skulle säga någon ting, men däraf vardt intet. Man lämnade teatern med tanke på de många starka och sköna kvällar man i ala fall upplefvat inom dess murar, under de tre år den existerat. Strindberg har enligt Dag. Nyh. förklarat att. då Winge icke visat för mågan att uppfylla villkoren för öf vertagandct. af Intima teatern, så bar han återtagit sitt förberedande an bud om repertoaren. Af direktör Falck vill han ej längre ha sina pje ser'spelade, äfven om hr Falck verk ligen skulle få hyra den nya teatern vid Birger Jarlsgatan. Nya teatern I Berlin. För några dagar sedan förekom i flora tyska tidningar ett meddelande om att di rektör Max Reinhardt ämnade lämna Tyska teatern och uppföra en ny tea ter. Ryktet har nu tagit fastare form och ett finänskonsortium är under bildande, i hvilket ett par af de större Berlinbankerna deltaga. Det är me ningen att upprätta en teater, i hvil ken direktör Reinhardt skall uppföra klassiska dramer, men det är för den skull icke hans mening att lämna den Tyska teatern. Komische Oper i Berlin, hvars di rektör fått anställning vid hofoperan i Wien, kommer att under nästa sä song omdanas till operetteater. De två direktörerna från Hamburg, Ben dine och Philip, ha hyrt densamma. Moabitupploppet inför rätta Dess politiska betydelse. Bref från vår korrespondent. Berlin, 7 december. Rättegången mot de infångade upprorsmakarne i Moabit vid gatu kravallerna de sista dagarna i sep tember har nu pågått i åtskilliga veckor, men ännu torde det dröja en god tid, innan domen åaller. Hvarje dag upprullas emellertid ungefär samma bild: när man hör de anklagades vittnen, så kunde man tänka, att det aldrig varit så fredligt- där uppe i Moabit som just under den s. k. revolutionen och att polisen burit sig åt som riktiga vildar utan någon respekt för va re sig ålder eller kön. Vittnena å den motsatta sidan svära däremot på att polisens uppträdande varit rent af idealiskt. Utmaningarna hade haglat mot ordingens väkta re, påstå polisvittnena, utan att de krökt så mycket som ett hårstrå på de näsvisa bråkstackarne. Sanna förhållandet är emeller tid, att ett rätt betänkligt tillstånd rådde i Moabit, under det strejken hos kolfirman Kupfer & C:o på gick, och att polisen flere dagar visserligen med sjudande galla iakttog den största reservation. Sant är vidare, att upploppåt på något hemligt, ännu ouppdagadt sätt planmässigt igångsattes och leddes samt att polisen, sedan den slutligen ändrat hållning, i stridens hetta synes alldeles ha tappat hufvudet. Öfverfallet på de engelsk-amorikanska tidnings männen, sabelhuggen mot fredliga gummor, som måste hem for att styra om sina husliga göromål, el ler mot den beskedlige unge man nen, som befann sig på väg till ett bönemöte sådant låter ej försva ra sig, äfven om situationen var tämligen kritisk. Polisen i Ber lins utkanter och i förstäderna har under tidernas lopp fått vänja sig vid att vara öfverseende oeh se ge nom fingrarna med många sakeT, so.m aldrig skulle gå för sig inne i de centralare stadsdelarna. Orsa ken härtill är att polisstyrkan ute i periferin är för svag. Folköknin gen i dessa trakter har varit för snabb för att organisationen af polisväsendet kunnat hinna med. Det är ganska förvånande, hvad en poliskonstapel uppe vid Wedding eller ute i Moabit kan få tåla för glåpord och okvädning innan han skrider till arrestering. Gatupu bliken anser sig där vara i sin ful la. rätt att retas med ~bylingarn a". Dessa gå därför dag ut och dag in med näfven knuten i byx fickan, och då nu ett tillfälle gafs att hämnas alla lidna oförrätter, så togs skadan igeu. Detta är en af de synpunkter, från hvilka kraval lerna med polisöfver grep pen böra ses. Vidare måste man medge, att det. just är åklagaremakten sjiilf, som gifvit Moabitkravallerna stör re dimensioner, än hvad de i verk ligheten liaft. Statsadvokaten har ovillkorligen i dem velat se en från den socialdemokratiska partiled ningen inscenerad revolution och rättegången bar därigenom fått en. alltigenom politisk karaktär. Otvif velaktigt har den systematiska dagliga upphetsningen i den so cialdemokratiska pressen mycket bidragit till att väcka hat och för bittring hos massorna och att för leda dem till våldsamheter, iden därifrån är dock steget långt till en af partiet afsiktligt organiserad och ledd revolution. Statsadvoka ten har, efter hvad de hittills af lagda vittnesmålen bevisa, satt alltför mycken tilltro till de öfver drifnn skildringar, polisen lämnat under den förberedande undersök ningen. För att skänka saken största möjliga eftertryck har statsadvokaten sammanfört alla de olika förseelserna till ett enda stort angrepp mot den bestående sam hällsordningen, och följden däraf är att en mängd anklagade, hvil kas brott antingen är minimalt el ler knappast möjligt att bevisa, nu den ena veckan efter den andra till rättegångens slut äro beröfyade sin arbetsförtjänst. Detta bidra ger till, att åklagaremakten fått den allmänna opinionen emot sig. Den, som emellertid liar mest anledning att vara missnöjd med rättegångens förlopp, är polispre sidenten v. Jagow. Han har för ' sina underlydandes obetänksamma framfart fått utstå mycken smälek och äfven klander från sådant håll, där man ingalunda önskar taga parti för de åtalade bråkmakarne. Ryktesvis uppgifves, att hr v. Ja gow inom kort kommer att förflyt tas till en mindre ansvarsfull post. Han försöker under tiden rädda, hvad som räddas kan. Mot ~Vorw ärts" kar lian som bekant väckt åtal på grund af en artikel, däri polisen skildras som det verkliga upphofvet till Moabitkravallerna. I dag har ban till rätten, inlämnat ett digert protokoll öfver förhör med omkring 100 polismän, som i den pågående rättegången be skyllts för svåra öfvergrepp. Det ta hundra man starka kompani, på står med en mun, att de icke blott själfva iakttagit den största reser vation, utan äfven kunna intyga, att de icke sett någon af kamrater na taga till sabeln i otid. Grand Holell i Stockholm. Dir. TruLson 'har nu afrest till Stockholm. Frågan om öfvertagandet al Grand HoteJl år fullt klar. Dir. Trulson äm nar kraftigt främja turistväsendat i Sverige enligt en omfattande plan. _ Torsdagen den 15 December HUFVUDSTADSBLADET 1910 N:o 341 - 9 Bråndö Villastad. Enda villastad med elektrisk spårvägsförbindelse med Helsingfors (se turlistan i söndagens blad). Goda vägar. Vac ker natur. Gatubelysning. Telefon. Post. Dessutom elektrisk belysuing samt vatten- och kloakled ningar projekterade. Begär plankarta och prislista öfver tomter. A.B. Bråndö Villastad x 2647 a Unionsgatan 15, kl. 10-2. Julbordet dr dukudt med lina. moderna Parfy mer, Tvålar, Toilette artiklar och Julgrans prydnader å ALFA DROGERI, Östra Heuriksg. 1. Tel. 2144. Obs.! Presentkort. (A.45056) -J'29B i Kikare, Glastigon A Pinoensz hos A.B. KARL BEUS Alexandersgatan 19. Telef 27 13. x Domstols- och polisnotiser. Farliga tidningar. Pressöfverstyrelsen liar till råd stufvurätten härstädes instämt kommunalrådet V. von Wright för att han utgifver tidningarna ~Käs ityö- ja TeoUisuuslehli" samt jjTidning för handtverk och indu stri". Målet behandlas i dag. Till samma rådstufvurättssamman träde har äfven föreståndaren för ~Helsingia Uusi kirjapaino O. iY." Emil Wainio instämts för det ofvannäninda tidningar tryckas å nämnda tryckeri. Anmälan om ut gifningen af dessa redan sedan en längre tid utkommande facktidnin gar har gjorts i tiden, men i stäm ningsinlagan talas om att tidnin garna utkomma, ~utan att af ge neralguvernören utverkats till stånd därtill". Ansvarsyrkandet mot Helsingin Yaiimo Osakeyhtiö. Den skrifvelse, som af Finska kre ditgifvareföreningen senaste torsdag rörande Helsingin Valimo Osakeyh tiös konkurs inlämnades till rådstuf vurätten och hvari yrkas ansvar å medlemmarna af bolagets styrelse, är af följande lydelse: „Jämlikt vid inställelse i Hellsingin Valimo Osakeyhtiös konkurs gjordt förbehåll, få vi härmed yrka ansvar för konkurs-brott å bolagets disponent A. H. Havu samt medlemmarna i dess styrelse herrar Kyöeti Järvlnen, J. A. Lahtivirta, Juho Koivistoinen och ll mari Kovero. Vid granskning af bo lagets verksamhet har det nämligen kommit i dagen att affären snart sagdt hela tiden gått med betydande förlust och hållits uppe med hjälp af blankoväxelkredit och förskönade bokslut. Dessutom har skötseln från början redan varit ytterst vårdslös och småningom urartat till brottsjig, synnerligast från disponentens sida. Följa vi bolagets verksamhet lrån början, saknas" de handlingar, som föregingo bolagets konstituerande. Jämväl saknas specificerade förteck ningar öfver den egendom bolaget tillhandlade sig af framlidne hand landen K. R. Airaksinen. Det blir sålunda omöjligt att konstatera, huru vida den egendom bolaget öfvertog i verkligheten motsvarade köpeskillin gen, eller om redan från början en •brist förefanns. Hvarken aktieteck ningslista eller aktiebok förefinnas, e huru lagen om aktiebolag uttryckli gen föreskrifver att aktiebok bör fin nas. ProtefcoiH från konstituerande bo lagsstämma finnas, men från denna tid till den 30 nov. 1909 finnas icke några protokoll. Efter denna tid äro protokollen älven ytterst ofullständi ga, ojusterade och ofta ounderskrif na. Detta om de handlingar, som böra gifva upplysning öm böiasrets skötsel. Beträffande sedan bokföringen haf va vi vidtalat förre handelsombuds mannen i Viborg, herr E. Pikoff att granska bolagets böcker, och har det ur denna granskning framgått rätt märkliga saker. Oafsedt att böckerna äro ötillför litliga, raderade och poster införda mellan raderna, samt åtminstone ett konto långt senare införd!, har det framgått att boksluten blifvit ändrade och gjorda utan öfverensstämmelse med verkliga förhållandet. Enligt uppgift, lämnad af herr Havu. visade sålunda 1908 års bcikslut först, en betydande förlust, men omändrades sålunda att en vinst å fmk 9,938:80 uppstod. Ur herr Pikoffs berättelse framgår vidare huru denna ändring tillgått. Hvad 1909 års bokslut be träffar, synes i detsamma inga full komligt falska siffror. Så t. ex. ut visa råämnen enligt inventering en summa af Fmk 38,750: —, men upp tages i bokslutet med Fmk 50,506: 48, sålunda en icke förefintlig tillgång pä 11,756:48 rak. Men detta är icke nog, utan är bokslutet enligt åbero pade berättelse förbättrad! med minst 110,292 : 04. Sammanslår man de poster, med hvilka boksluten förbätt rats utan motsvarande värden, fram går det att redan med uteåneen af 1909 mera än bolagets aktiekapital strukit .med. Detta oaktadt fon.saner bolagets styrelse verksamheten ända till den 23 "augusti innevarande år, tar upp nya lan, mtecknar såväl fas tighet som maskiner, råvaror och fa brikater och söker härigenom säker ställa en stor del of sina erna för bolaget ingångna växelfcrbindelser. Redan i jun börja bolagets växlar gä till protest, men envist fortsättes rörelsen och ännu så sent som den 4 augusti diskonterar bolaget i sin bank växel och transporterar som säkerhet härför nästan det enda af värde som ännu finnes opantiatt, nämligen bokfordringar för nåaot öf ver Fmk 18.000: —. Transporten af pessfl fordringar finnes icke i .böcker ,,;, observerad, utan upptagas ford ringarna i staten som bolagets egen dom. Såsom vi r -den pavisnt, hade mera än aktiekapitalet vid 1909 års utgång gått förloradt. Skulderna stega till c:a 750.000: och tfHVår,garna rätt uppskattade helt säkert icke till 700.0O0: - Det var sålunda icke några små summor det gällde att operera med Då man dessutom betänker att af denna skuldbörda den öf vervägan de delen bestod i sväfvande bl&nko- "äxelskuld, ligger svindeln för öppen dag. .Men icke nog härmed. Vid 1909 års slut har bolagets disponent en kassabalans å Fmk 23.000: —. Här om nämnes hvarken i styrelsens pro tokoll eller revisionsberättelser, utan får denna balans opåtaldt blifva obe täckt och balansera som tillgång i bo lagets böcker. Disponenten får fort sättningsvis handhafve. kassan och med det resultat att balansen vid kon kursens början uppgår till den nät ta summan af Fmk 138,481: 01. Här om utlägges närmare i ctfta 'nämnda berättelse punkt 17. När herr Havu vid borgenärssammanträde i konkur sen den 15/9 1910 skulle redogöra för huru balansen uppstått, meddelade han att han aldrig inbetalt sina aktier i bolaget, uppgående til! Fmk 50,000: —. Emellertid visa bolagets böcker att hela aktiekapitalet blifvit kontant inbetaldt, äfven herr Havus aktier. Är bokföringen i denna del falsk? El ler huru vill herr Havu förklara den na sak? På grund af förestående få vi yr ka ansvar å herrar Havu, Järvinen, Lahtivirta och Koivistoinen för orik tig bokföring jämlikt 39: 1 mom. 4 Strafflagen, ty samtliga dessa sty relseledamöter voro enligt protokoll boken med om att godkänna beslutet för år 1909. Dessutom få vi å samt liga styrelsemedlemmar yrka ansvar för fördröjd konkurs och vingleri i växelaffärer samt å herr Havu" dess utom för bristfällig bokföring och för at t han användt för egen räkning bo lagets medel." Pressåtal, Prcssöfversfyrel sen har genom stadsfiskalen i Kuo pio Basilier uttagit stämning å ansvarige redaktören för Savon Työmies för publicerande af ett sekret cirkulär från senatens civil expedition rörande förfoganden angående tidningspressen. Sav. Työm. Andelsaffär i konkurs. Andels handeln i Taipaleenjoki, Meteäpirtti har inställt sin verksamhet. Kon kursansökan inlämnas i dagarna. Förkastade pressåtal. Medelst utslag af den 11 oktober 190 D förkas tade rådstufvurätten i Lovisa det af arbetaren M. Lindeli mot ansvarige utgifvaren af östra Nyland handlan den I. Söderström väckta åtalet i an ledning af en notis, som under ru briken "Klagomål mot präst" ingått i sagda tidning för den 21 augusti 1909, och i hvilken redogjordes för ett af Lindell till domkapitlet i Borgå inlämnad' besvär och där L. kalla des "intrigmakare". öfver utslaget anförde L. besvär i Abo hofrätt, som emellertid numera stadfäst rådstuf vurättens utslag. Medelst beslut af den 24 februari 1909 förkastade rådstufvurätten i Hel singfors det af målaremästaren F. Mäkinen mot ansvariga utgifvaren a* tidningen Tvömies E. Elo väckta å talet i anledning af en artikel under rubriken "Maalarien sopimusta riko taan", som ingått i tidningen den 29 januari 1809 och däri uppgafs, att Mä kinen skulle uppgjort slutlikvid med sina arbetare :r torsdag, ehuru i ar betsaftalet stipulerats att arbetare finge uppsägas endast om lördagar. Öfver utslaget anförde Mäkinen be svär i Åbo hofrätt, som dock nume ra stadfäst detsamma. Efterspel till Röda gardets verk samhet. Medelst utslag af den 26 juli 1910 dömde häradsrätten i Esbo soc ken muraren J. G. Koskinen från Helsingfors att för medhjälp vid för sök till grof stöld hällas 6 månader i tukthus samt därefter till 2 ars van de ja. Koskinen hade nämligen an skaffat två hästar och åkdon åt en afdelning rödgardister, till hvilken bl. a. hörde f. sjömannen A. M. Suomi, arbetaren K. A. Valtola och tukthus fången A. K., Liukkonen. Denna af delning hade beväpnad natten mot den 1 augusti 1906 begifvß sig till handlanden J. Tallbergs krut- och dy namitkällare å Mäkkylä garde mar ker i Esbo socken för att därifrån stjäla ammunition och sprängämnen åt röda gardet, öfver detta härads rätlens utslag, anförde Koskinen be svär i Åbo hofrätt, som emellertid medelst i går utgifvei. utslag stadfäst häradsrättens utslag. Mordbrands- och vävelformlsk ningsmålet i Ilangöu Det mot hyrkus ken Yilho Dahlman, i Hangö anhän yiggjoidu målet för mordbrand ocli växelförfalskning förevar i tisdags till behandling inför extra rådstufvurätts sammanträde därstädes. Rätten fann visserligen graverande omständighe ter föreligga därom, att Dahlman an stiftat den ifrågavarande branden och jämväl å tvenne växlar förfal skat gårdsägaren A. öhrnmarks namn, men enär fullt bevis icke före bragts samt Dahlman dessutom en ständigt nekat till brotten, ansåg sig rätten icke, kunna fälla honom till ansvar i saken, vid hvilket förhål lande det af målsäganden gjorda er sättningsanspråket förkastats. Dahl man försattes omedelbart på fri fot. Såväl Dahlman som målsäganden anmälde missnöje mot utslaget. Stölds- och snalterimål. Löse karlen Urho Aaron Peso n e n, som i handlanden J. Imjacks affär tillgri pit tvenne vintermössor värda 33 mk, fälldes i går af rådstufvurättens fjär de afdelning för andra resan stöld till 6 månadens, tukthustraff och 5 års iörtust a: medborgerligt förtroende. För ok/iigt tillgrepp af 2 stycken 100-maTks sedlar, fällde rådstufvu rättens fjärde afdelning i går, sysslo lösa Sigrid Viktoria Lampén till 6 månaders tukthusstraff och 5 års vanfrejd. Sysslolösa, ogifta utarbeterskan Hanna T o i v o n e n, som tillgripit di verse klädespersedlar, fäudes i går af rådstufvurättens fjärde afdielning lör fyra snatteritr till sammanlaget 200 marks böter, motsvarande 30 dygns fängelse. Svaranden Toivo nen beklagade sig öfver att hon hade fyra minderåriga oäkta barn att for sörja. Målet angående inköp af ångaren .Arbutus. Finnan Weljekset Friis i GamJakarlcby tilihandlade sig å auktion den 19 november 1909 skrof vet af den i närheten af Tankar fyr strandade lastångaren Arbutus för 13,000 mark. Sedermera instämde firman tullförvaltaren i Gamlakarle by Sundman och tullstyrelsen med yrkande om köpjets återgång. Sitt yrkande i detta 'afseende grundade firman på den omständigheten, att tu> förvaltaren Sundman före auktio nen meddelat, att senaten i dylika fall beviljat tullfrihet för frän havererade fartyg till landet införd t skrot. I måndags af gjordes målet af råd st ufvurätt en i Gamla kabeby, som fann det utredt, att käranden emot? svarandens bestridande icke kunnat bevisa att tullförval (aren Sundman garanterat- tullfrihet för på antydt sätt till landet, infördt skrot, hvarför och dä tullstyrelsen icke kunde anses skyldig ersätta käranden den skada nan iidit atatct förkastades. Tuliförsnillningsmål. På af t. f. tullförvaltaren John Hellen å tjän stens vägnar utfördt åtal dömde råd stufvurätten i Gamlakarleby den 24 januari detta år lotsåldermannen, sjö kaptenen Johan Mauritz Mattsson frän Svartsmora by af Fin ström soc ken och förre kronolotsen Johan Vik tor Sund, don förre för luren dre j-eri till 3 månaders fängelse och den se nare för medhjälp därvid till 250 mk böter. Rådetufvurätten fann nämli gen utredt, att Mattsson, som den 26 juli 1909 lotsat ett från utlandet an län dt fartyg mellan Tankar där han och Sund voro anställda som 'ot sar och Yxpila hamn och hvilken det enligt lag åiegai tillse oot något gods icke borfördes från fartyget utan ■tullkammarens tillstånd, därunder af fartygets befäöiafvare såsom gåfva mottagit och med tillhjälp af Sund, då denne med båt färdats förbi farty get, låtit ilaridföra 1 flaskor konjak och en flaska brännvin, ehuru kon jaken ej var förtullad och brännvin var förbjudet till införsel i landet. Etter af de dömda anförda besvär har hofrätten nedsatt straffet för Mattsson till 300 mk böter och för Sund till 150 mk böter. Tidningarna. Skandalen i S:t Michel. Under rubriken „S:t Michels låns guvernör och den olagliga stämpel förordningen" skrifver Helsingin Sanomat i går bl. a.: Hvad hr Vuorinens straffåtgärder vidkommer, så har han synbarligen ej vågat draga saken inför rätta, han har ej åtalat sina tjänstemän vid dom stol. Och den omständigheten att gu vernören likväl skridit till disciplinär åtgärd, innebär, att hr Vuonnen i sitt höga ämbete visar sig vara lika färdig att iakttaga olagliga befallnin gar som tidigare under ofärdsåren. Hvad de fem tjänstemännens uppträ dande vidkommer, så är detta ett så dant bevis på ömklighet att det icke kan annat än väcka en pinsam upp märksamhet Laqen om skydd mot yr kesfara och senaten. T gårdagens Helsi n g i n Sano ma t skrifves med anledning al se natens märkliga tillvägagående bl. a. följande: V,i sianna i förvåning ölver en re gering, som ulan tvingande sakligt skäl frångår ett redan justeradt och publicerad t beslut, som ena dagen ej vet hvad den gör den .andra, som sy nes ha blott en strå!van att göra sig själf så omöjlig som någonsin möjligt och som synes ha blott en jf vertygelse den att öfvertygelsema icke* betyda någonting gentemot ett tillfälligt vindkast. Se icke dessa herrars patroner, Sto lypiji och Seyn, att ett dylikt tiilväga gäend > bättre än någon agitation bringar deras system i dåligt rop så väl inom som utom gränserna. Kejsardömet. Ätalei mot general Rheinfeott och öfverste Kcrotki j väcker na- stort uppseende i pres sen. ~Birsch. Ypia." säger, att en af de viktig-aste och mest tra giska episoder i den ryska admini strationens historia nu nalkas sitt slut. Svaret skall gifvas på en viktig och betydelsefull fråga: hafva senatorsrevisionerna varit blott en episod eller hafva de en sundare era i den ryska admi nistrationen? Rättsligt åtal bety der i alla processer, i alla instan ser att allvarsamma anklagelser skola göras. Det förutsätter icke ovillkorligen fällande dom: mål sluta ofta med frikännande ut slag. Anklagade Rhembott har, som bekant, med tillhjälp af några skickliga och erfarna jurister af fättat och utgifvit ett. utförligt försvar mot Garin-revisionesns på ståenden och anklagelser. Om se naten hade omfattat de i detta svar uttalade åsikterna om sena torsrevisionens juridiska värde, så hade för. denna icke återstått an nat än att gilla Rheinbotts djärf va anspråk, förklara, att han lidit oskyldigt, och rekommendera ho nom tall belöning som tröst för oförrätter under de tre år, han va rit skild från sin post. De 135 si dorna i öfverprokuratcrns utlåtan de om Rheinbott-affären bevisa, att han egnat den synnerlig upp märksamhet. TJtlåtandet ansluter sig till senatorsrevisionens åsikt, att de båda anklagade böra ställas inför rätta. Senatorsrevisionens slutsatser hafva i hufvudsak vun nit erkännande äfven i första se natsdepartemeaitets beslut och Rheinbott får svara inför domstol å sex svåra anklagelser. Utan att förutspå utgången kan man dock säga, att Rheinbotts karriär är slut. Första departementet har af böjt månea af fiarin gjorda ankla gelser. Men äfven det som anta gits kan hafva till påföljd förlust af alla rättigheter och iuskrifnang i arrestantafdelning under en tid af 2 7- år. Förrymd rysk politisk fånge. Gårdagens Nov. Vr. berättar, att i förgår kl. 12-tiden på dagen å finska järnvägsstationen i Petersburg vid tå gets ankomst från Helsingfors plöts ligt uppstod stor villervalla. En trupp konvoj soldater anställde en noggrann besiktning ä stationshuset och ba nan. Det befanns, att från tåget en fånge rymt. Med samma tåg hade nämligen till Petersburg hämtats en grupp i Finland arresterade perso ner, bland hvilka äfven befann sig en viss Paul Markoff, som för po litiskt uppvigglingsarbeto dömts till förvisning till Sibirien. Vid tå gets ankomst till Petersburg lyc kades Markoff på något vis oraktisera sig ut från vaggenen och försvann på perrongen. Då en stor folkmassa var samlad å statio nen vågade man icke förfölja den för rymde med skott. Polisen i Peters burgs omnejd har underrättats om flyktingens signalement. Studentoordningarna i Moskva. I förgår kväll samlades i universitetet i Moskva c. 3,000 studenter till ett möte för att diskutera sin ställning gent emot professor Trubetskojs uppträ dände. Furst Trubetskoj var person ligen närvara nde och afgaf förklaring. Han framhöll, att han i sin skrifvelse i Russk. Vjäd.' alls icke haft för af sikt alt beskylla studenterna för pro vokation, ulan endast velat fästa de ras uppmärksamhet därpå, att strejk och oordningsstatistiken är ägnad att gifva den akademiska frihetens fien der vapen i händerna. Mötet vara de fyra timmar. Deltagarena aflägs nade sig så småningom, så att mot slutet återstodo blott 800 personer. Dessa antogo en resolut i-m, enligt jhvilken studenterna förklarade sig (icke tillfredsställda med furstens för [ klaring, utan med en majoritet af 600 i mot något öfver 200 röster uttryckte I sitt ogillande af furst Trubef skojs j uppträdande. Angreppen mot riksrådet. | 45,100 |
https://github.com/arcaneframework/framework/blob/master/alien/ArcaneInterface/modules/interface_c/src/alien/fortran/alienf.h | Github Open Source | Open Source | Apache-2.0 | 2,023 | framework | arcaneframework | C | Code | 150 | 690 | /*
* alienc.h
*
* Created on: Nov 25, 2020
* Author: gratienj
*/
#ifndef ALIENF_H_
#define ALIENF_H_
#define F2C_
#if defined(_F2C) | defined(F2C_)
#define F2C(function) function##_
#else
#define F2C(function) function
#endif
//typedef long int uid_type ;
void F2C(alien_init_f)() ;
void F2C(alien_finalize_f)() ;
int F2C(alien_create_linear_system_f)(MPI_Fint* comm) ;
void F2C(alien_destroy_linear_system_f)(int* system_id) ;
void F2C(alien_init_linear_system_f)(int* system_id,
int* global_nrows,
int* local_nrows,
uid_type* row_uids,
int* nb_ghosts,
uid_type* ghost_uids,
int* ghost_owners) ;
void F2C(alien_define_matrix_profile_f)(int* system_id,
int* local_nrows,
uid_type* row_uids,
int* row_offset,
uid_type* col_uids) ;
void F2C(alien_set_matrix_values_f)(int* system_id,
int* local_nrows,
uid_type* row_uids,
int* row_offset,
uid_type* col_uids,
double* values) ;
void F2C(alien_set_rhs_values_f)(int* system_id,
int* local_nrows,
uid_type* row_uids,
double const* values) ;
void F2C(alien_get_solution_values_f)(int* system_id,
int* local_nrows,
uid_type* row_uids,
double* values) ;
int F2C(alien_create_solver_f)(MPI_Fint* comm) ;
void F2C(alien_init_solver_f)(int* solver_id, const char* config_file, int* lenghth) ;
void F2C(alien_destroy_solver_f)(int* solver_id) ;
void F2C(alien_solve_f)(int* solver_id, int* system_id) ;
void F2C(alien_get_solver_status_f)(int* solver_id,int* code, int* num_iterations, double* residual) ;
#endif /* MODULES_INTERFACE_C_SRC_ALIEN_C_ALIENC_H_ */
| 46,506 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31890523 | Wikidata | Semantic data | CC0 | null | Catégorie:Toponyme algonquien | None | Multilingual | Semantic data | 18 | 45 | Catégorie:Toponyme algonquien
page de catégorie de Wikimedia
Catégorie:Toponyme algonquien nature de l’élément page de catégorie d'un projet Wikimédia | 47,742 |
https://github.com/pulsone21/MirthDocumentation/blob/master/Web/Components/Nav.tsx | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | null | MirthDocumentation | pulsone21 | TypeScript | Code | 60 | 303 | import React from "react";
import Link from 'next/link'
import btnStyles from "../styles/Module/Components/basicComponents/button.module.css"
function Nav() {
return (
<div>
<ul style={{ display: "flex", justifyContent: "space-between" }}>
<li><Link href="/" passHref><a className={btnStyles.navBtn}>Home</a></Link></li>
<li><Link href="/ApplicationTable"><a className={btnStyles.navBtn}>Application Table</a></Link></li>
<li><Link href="/ApplicationTree"><a className={btnStyles.navBtn}>Application Tree</a></Link></li>
<li><Link href="/ConnectorTable"><a className={btnStyles.navBtn}>Connector Table</a></Link></li>
<li><Link href="/ConnectionView"><a className={btnStyles.navBtn}>Connection View</a></Link></li>
<li><Link href="/DescriptionBuilder"><a className={btnStyles.navBtn}>Description Builder</a></Link></li>
<li><Link href="/ChannelnameBuilder"><a className={btnStyles.navBtn}>Channelname Builder</a></Link></li>
</ul>
</div>
);
}
export default Nav;
| 7,196 |
congressionalrec122munit_275 | English-PD | Open Culture | Public Domain | 1,873 | Congressional record | United States. Congress | English | Spoken | 7,816 | 9,937 | (3) For the Department of the Air Force: (a) Air National Guard of the United States, $33,900,000. (b) Air Force Reserve, $9,773,000. WAIVER OP CERTAIN RESTRICTIONS Sec. 702. The Secretary of Defense may establish or develop Installations and fa- cilities under this title without regard to section 3648 of the Revised Statutes, as amended (31 U.S.C. 529), and sections 4774 and 9774 of title 10, United States Code. The authority to place permanent or temporary Improvements on lands Includes authority for surveys, administration, overhead, plan- ning, and supervision Incident to construc- tion. That authority may be exercised be- fore title to the land is approved under section 356 of the Revised Statutes, as amended (40 U.S.C. 255). and even though the land Is held temporarily. The author- ity to acquire real estate or land Includes authority to make surveys and to acquire land, and Interests In land (including temporary use), by gift, purchase, exchange of Government-owned land, or otherwise. SHORT title Sec 703. This title may be cited as the "Guard and Reserves Forces Facilities Au- thorization Act, 1977". The SPEAKER. Is a second demanded? Mr. WHITEHURST. Mr. Speaker, I demand a second. The SPEAKER. Without objection, a second will be considered as ordered. There was no objection. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Missouri (Mr. Ichord) will be recognized for 20 minutes, and the gentleman from Virginia (Mr. Whitehurst) will be rec- ognized for 20 minutes. The Chair now recognizes the gentle- man from Missouri (Mr. Ichord). Mr. ICHORD. Mr. Speaker, I yield my- self such time as I may consume. Mr. Speaker, the first item for consid- eration vmder suspension of the rules today is the bill H.R. 14846, the Military Construction Authorization bill for fiscal year 1977. The House Committee on Armed Services presents this bill to pro- vide military construction authorization and related authority in support of the military departments and defense agen- cies. Before I describe the features of the bill I want to express my appreciation to the ranking minority member of the sub- committee, the gentleman from Virginia (Mr. Whitehurst) . and the other mem- bers of the committee for their efforts in arriving at this new bill. This bill is to replace the bill H.R. 12384 which was vetoed by the President. The legislative history of H.R. 12384 is clear and I hope is still fresh in the minds of each. Nevertheless let me take a moment to quickly review that history. The bill H.R. 12384 was passed by this body on May 7 by a vote of 299 to 14. A companion bill was passed by the Sen- ate on May 20 of this year by a vote of 80 to 3. The conference report was adopt- ed by the House on June 16 by a vote of 375 to 20. The Senate adopted it by a voice vote on June 17. The bill was ve- toed by the President on July 2 because of section 612 of the bill, which dealt with base closures and base realinements. The House on July 22 by a vote of 270 to 131 overrode the veto of the President. But on the other hand the Senate on July 22 voted to sustain the Presidential veto by a vote of 51 to 42. The bill H.R. 14846 which we are con- sidering now is a substitute for and ex- actly the same as the bill H.R. 12384 ex- cept that the provision for dealing with base closures has been deleted. The concern of the Armed Services Committee, I would state. Mr. Speaker, over base realinements and base closures has not diminished and the committee will expect to be fully informed by the Department of Defense of its justifica- tion for implementing any realinement or closure of bases recently identified as candidates for closure by the armed services. Moreover it is the clear Inten- tion of the Subcommittee on Military Installations and Facilities to hold hear- ings on this issue dm'ing consideration of the military construction bill for the fiscal year 1978. However, the committee does have an overriding responsibility to place Into August 2 If, 1976 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE 27447 law a bill that will authorize military con- struction and family housing operations and maintenance for the fiscal year 1977 so that corresponding appropriations al- ready signed into law can be used. Under existing law, I would point out, Mr. Speaker, no funds can be obligated or expended until this authorization bill is passed so there is a pressing need to pass this bill under suspension of the rules today. The bill with the exception of the elimination of section 612 is exactly the same as the bill that was so overwhelm- ingly adopted by this body on June 16 and again on July 22 over the President's objections. It is the responsibility of this body, Mr. Speaker, to authorize military construction and I do not think there is any need to discuss all of the issues that have been so thoroughly discussed during the adoption of the original bill. Mr. Speaker, I believe that this is the best bill that we can get signed into law at this time and I recommend its ap- proval. I will be glad to answer any ques- tions Members may have about the com- mittee's recommendation. I have committed myself first to yield to the gentleman from Maine (Mr. Cohen ), and I yield now to the gentle- man from Maine. Mr. COHEN. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Mr. ICHORD. I yield to the gentleman from Maine (Mr. Cohen). Mr. COHEN. Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman for yielding. Mr. Speaker, this spring, during House consideration of H.R. 12384, military construction authorization for fiscal year 1977, the able chairman of the Sub- committee on Military Installations and Facilities the gentleman from Missouri (Mr. Ichord) accepted an amendment to the bill that was designed to establish a much needed procedure for the reason- able and orderly realinement of military installations. The amendment, which I cosponsored with the distinguished majority leader the gentleman from Massachusetts (Mr. O'Neill), was designed to enhance the oversight capacity of the Congress in matters pertaining to major base closures and realinements. This amendment, sec- tion 612 of the bill, required that the Defense Department provide the Armed Services Committees of the House and Senate with reports detailing the full fis- cal, economic, budgetary and military effects of certain, specified base closures and reductions. The reports would not have constituted a legislative veto; rather they represented an attempt to seek a complete explanation and examination of a major military auction. I was very pleased that the chairman and the ranking minority Member the gentleman from Virginia (Mr. White- hurst) accepted this important amend- ment, and I was also pleased when the Senate passed a similar amendment. Unfortunately, the Defense Depart- ment and the President did not agree with the Congress on this matter. On July 2, the President vetoed the bill and issued a statement in which he called section 612 "highly objectionable." On July 22, after a lengthy floor de- bate, the House voted 270-131 to override the President's veto. The House vote in- dicated the broad, bipartisan support for section 612 by Members representing a wide political spectrum and many dif- ferent regions of the Nation. At that time, the chairman and the ranking minority Member led a very informative and effec- tive floor debate on the veto in which they sought to demonstrate that section 612 was a constitutional and rational ex- ercise of congressional powers over the budget. I commend the gentleman for their capable defense of this measure, and I wish that the Senate had ade- quately considered the House debate on the veto override because that same day the Senate sustained the President's veto by 11 votes. I understand that the chairman and ranking minority member are still com- mitted to the principle of section 612 and that they have pledged to hold hearings and seek new legislation on this matter in the next Congress. But I am dis- appointed that section 612 has been deleted from the new military construc- tion authorization bill now before the House, because a majority of the mem- bers have indicated by accepting the orig- inal amendment and voting to override the President's veto their strong support for this provision. Since this bill has been brought to the floor under Suspension of the Rules, sec- tion 612 cannot be offered again as an amendment to the bill. Mr. Speaker, I would like to say that no one has worked any harder for in- cluding the congressional oversight pro- vision, section 612, than the gentleman from Missouri (Mr. Ichord) and also the gentleman from Virginia (Mr. White- hurst) . I certainly commend both the gentleman for their efforts in this regard. The administration, under pressure from the Pentagon, originally objected to sec- tion 612 because it maintained that it was unconstitutional, but upon exami- nation, rather than instant Pentagon reaction, the administration was satis- fled that this was. indeed, a constitu- tional exercise of power by this body as indicated in the President's veto mes- sage. Mr. ICHORD. Mr. Speaker, that is why they could not get any objection out of the Department of Justice. I do not think there is any question as to the constitu- tionality of section 612. Mr. CX)HEN. Mr. Speaker, if the gentleman will yield further, I agree. What remains troublesome to me is that while the administration agrees that this is an exercise of constitutional authority by this body, they have main- tained, at least informally or privately, that section 612 gave a veto power to Congress which clearly it did not. Mr. ICHORD. I agree with the gentle- man. Mr. COHEN. Mr. Speaker, if the gentleman will yield further, I have talked to a number of White House per- sonnel who have explained that the President's principal objection to section 612 was that it gave a veto power to this body. I hope the Senate will reexamine its vote and agree to the language of section 612. Mr. Speaker, if the gentleman will yield further, I would like to ask several ques- tions of the chairman. My understanding is that section 612 has been deleted from this bill principally because of the Presi- dent's veto message. Mr. ICHORD. The gentleman Is correct. Mr. COHEN. Mr. Speaker, if the gen- tleman will yield further, does the gen- tleman still believe that the Congress must establish some measure of effective oversight of major base realinements and closures? Mr. ICHORD. I have not changed my position whatsoever; but I do recognize the situation that we are now in. The House has done its duty. We overrode the veto by a vote of 270 to 131, with eight votes more than the two-thirds majority, depending on how it is figured; but there is no need for us to press for section 612 if the Senate cannot override the Presi- dent's veto. For this reason, the com- mittee is bringing the bill to the House for consideration under a suspension of the rules. No, Uie Senate, of course, is still per- mitted to exercise its will. Mr. COHEN. Mr. Speaker, if the gen- tleman will yield further, am I correct in the understanding that as far as the gentleman's position is concerned, if the Senate chooses to adopt language similar to section 612, that the gentleman would be inclined to accept that in conference? Mr. ICHORD. I could not commit my- self personally to any language that I have not yet seen and I certainly cannot commit the other members of the House Committee on Armed Services. There will be members on the conference committee that are opposed to section 612. I cannot speak for them, but I can speak for my- self. If the Senate were to develop lan- guage that would be effective and would be constitutional and could give us some assurance that they could muster their vote as we mustered our vote in the House of Representatives, I personally would be amenable to accepting such an amend- ment in conference. Mr. COHEN. Mr. Speaker, if the gentle- man will yield further, it is my under- standing that the gentleman from Virginia is of a similar opinion, that the gentleman from Virginia also would be amenable to accepting such language. Finally, when the gentleman from Mis- souri states that the Committee on Armed Services intends to be fully In- formed about proposed base closures or reductions for those bases that have been selected as "candidates for realinement," does that phrase mean the Pentagon must supply full justification not only of the military significance of the re- alinements. but also of the economic implications? Mr. ICHORD. Yes; that is my feeling personally and I think that is the feeling of the majority of the members of the committee. Mr. COHEN. Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman for his responses to these questions. I am very pleased that the gen- tleman would accept a Senate-initiated base oversight amendment and I look forward to the continuing efforts of the chairman and the ranking minority members to establish effective procedures 27448 the a> is ge; tie consideration now is to House so it and the i^ilitary con- o law. This already-ap- f or military < peration. bill. I sup- coUeakues to vote gool for the closure and reductiqn installations. Mr. WHTTEHURST. Mi yield myself such time as sume. Mr. Speaker, the man of our Military Facilities Subcommittee from Missouri <Mr. Ichord) the basic reasons for the 14846. We made a good fight to 612 on base closures and H.R. 12384, but we lost tha As a matter of political 14846, which is the same with section 612 deleted, the best bUl that we can law at this time. The overriding get this bill acted on by that the Senate can consider needed authorization for struction can be placed in action is necessary so that propriated funds can be usee construction and facilities Mr. Speaker, this is a port it and urge my for its passage. Mr. BAUMAN. Mr. gentleman yield? Mr. WHITEHURST. I gentleman from Maryland Mr. BAUMAN. Mr if the gentleman from IcHORD) could indicate to whether or not he has cation on the part of the or the Pentagon that they now willing to give formation prior to these made on base closings or Quite obviously this brought to a head by the provision inserted in this the President objected. As sents an area which includes military installations I knoi i want to know, and should to know, what the plans base closings or transfers. I supported the provision override the veto. I commenc man for his position, but has shown any willingness up to at least inform Congress plans are in these instances? Mr. ICHORD. I would the gentleman from way: Relationships were between the military and th particularly with all the byists who were lobbying on to sustain the Presidential that is the reason why th( from Missouri has not whatsoever. Mr. BAUMAN. If the yield further, I would sibly it behooves the in fact in the debt of this the authorizations for militr tion every year, to at least committee and House what their plans are. I thin! : basic problem that gave rise provision in the first place Mr. ICHORD. The gent Virginia may have received of military Speaker, I I may con- distingiLished chair- Installations and gentleman has given us for H.R. reed keep section re4linements in fight, reality, H.R. H.R. 12384 we believe, signed into Spea :er, will the : ield to the Speak ;r recei\ ed ar ned y an Congre ss de< is tra asfers' issie \eto hill ;on; ar 2 hai e Maryl ind qiite pa d V ;to i receiv ;d sugge 5t milita i-y CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE August 2J!f, 1976 I wonder Mjssomn (Mr. the House any indi- services ire, at least, more in- de4isions being •> has been and the to which who repre- three major my people have a right for future t3 cf I voted to the gentle - the military this point what their to answer in this strained committee, DOD lob- Capitol HiU Perhaps gentleman any word gentleman would that pos- who are c(tnmittee for ry construe - inform this Memljers at large that is the o this entire eman from such word. but I have received nothing except the information of the bases that were can- didates for closing back in March of this year. Mrs. HECKLER of Massachusetts. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Mr. WHITEHURST. I yield to the gentlewoman from Massachusetts. ^ Mrs. HECKLER of Masachusetts. Mr. Speaker, I would like again to address this question to the gentleman from Mis- souri (Mr. Ichord). My impression from his earlier actions, when we first con- sidered this bill, and from his state- ments in the well today, were that he was conceptually amenable to the idea — and what I consider to be the justice — of section 612. Now if that can be drafted into language that answers the constitutional objections, which I think can be done, I would like to have the gentleman elaborate on the kinds of as- surances he would request from the Senate. He spoke earlier of the fact that the Senate was unable to get the necessary votes, and he would be amenable to lan- guage to the effect of section 612 if the Senate could gamer the votes the next time. What kinds of assurances is he going to ask, and what expectations does he have from Senators at this point who might be on the conference, of being able to satisfy his conditions? Mr. ICHORD. Well, as the distinguished gentlewoman from Massachusetts knows, the attempt to override the veto was strongly objected to by Members of the Senate whom we would normally de- scribe as of a very liberal philosophy, and against military spending. They thought that the veto override of the President would be construed as being in favor of military spending. I have gathered some information that some of those Members of the Senate who voted against overriding the veto have changed their minds, but at this point I am not in a position to make an intelligent assessment as to whether the Senate could muster enough votes to override a veto. As I stated to the gentleman from Maine, I could not commit myself per- sonally to language that I have not seen, nor could I commit the other members of the committee, but I can personally commit myself to the proposition that if they come up with an effective amend- ment, one that is constitutional, I per- sonally would support the same and en- deavor to carry on a fight to override a veto if it is vetoed. Mrs. HECKLER of Massachusetts. I thank the gentleman for his comment. I also would like to ask him to comment further on the composition of the House Members of this conference committee. He spoke of some not being disposed to the concept of section 612. 1 would like to know what strength the different points of view in the conference committee would be on the House side. Mr. ICHORD. I would state that there are at least two members on the sub- committee who stated that they are op- posed to the principle of section 612, but I do not want to state what members will do. But, it is my feeling at this time that a majority of the members of the sub- committee, and a majority of the mem- bers of the conference committee, would probably favor the principle of section 612, but I certainly would not be bound by that assessment. Mrs. HECKLER of Massachusetts. Based on my confidence in the gentle- man's knowledge and on the expression of opinion from someone whom I con- sider to be an export in this House on this subject matter. I am going to cast my vote in the gentleman's favor. Mr. ICHORD. I thank the gentle- woman from Massachusetts for her very kind comment. Mr. BRINKLEY. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Mr. WHITEHURST. I yield to the gentleman from Georgia (Mr. Brink- ley). Mr. BRINKLEY. I thank the gentle- man for yielding. Mr. Speaker, in further response to the chairman of our committee and the gentlewoman from Massachusetts (Mrs. Heckler) , I am one of those who do take exception to section 612, and on any con- ference committee I would anticipate sustaining the position of the House of Representatives. In my opinion the O'Neill amendment was engrafted upon this bill here on the floor of the House. It was not developed in committee. Therefore, although I did support the earlier conference, had I been here on the day of the vote to over- ride or sustain the Presidential veto, my vote on that occasion would have been to sustain. I think the correct action here today would be to pass the bill and then later to have studies, to which our chairman has alluded, to see what language would be best, how it can be refined. I think it will not be passed over lightly. However, for this year, for this bill, I think the meas- ure as presented is the way the law should be enacted. Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Mr. WHITEHURST. I yield to the gentleman from Massachusetts (Mr. Drinan). Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, I commend the distingxiished chairman and the minority member for their promptness in bringing this bill back to the fioor. While the exigencies of the situation preclude an amendment, I was happy to hear the chairman, the gentleman from Missouri (Mr. IcHORD), say that he would be amendable to a compromise along the lines of the original section 612. I wonder if the gentleman from Vir- ginia, or possibly my friend, the gentle- man from Georgia (Mr. Brinkley) would want to talk to this: Martin R. Hoffman, Secretary of the Army, said re- cently in Massachusetts that the original O'Neill amendment was totally consist- ent with what the Army does now under the provisions of the National Environ- mental Protection Act. Despite the as.sur- ance of the Secretary of the AiTny, the President vetoed that particular section with which the Secretary of the Army said he had no difficulties. •T[ wonder if the distinguished gentle- man from Virginia would want to com- ment on what the chairman of the com- mittee has already spoken to at some August 2U, 1976 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE 27449 length on more than one occasion, namely, the possibility of some accom- modation along the lines of section 612 coming from the Senate. I would of course liked to have pro- posed my own compromise amendment on the House side, to insure that the House had some input into the amend- ment process. I was disturbed by the fact tha'-, the Military Construction Author- ization was brought up under the suspen- sion of the rules procedure. Under this procedure, no amendments may be added to the bill. I think it is unfortunate, Mr. Speaker, that the House will not get a chance to go on record for base closing legislation once again. As my colleagues know, the issue of military base closings or reductions has been contested within the framework of the Military Construction Authoriza- tion Act which we debate today. On May 7, 1976, the House agreed to an amendment which would have delayed any major base closings or reductions by 1 year from the date they were originally announced. In addition, the Secretary of Defense was required to submit a de- tailed justification for the base closings or reduction decision, together with the estimated fiscal, economic, budgetary, environmental, strategic and operational consequences of the action. Mr. Speaker, after this base closing amendment was included in the House version of H.R. 14846, it was also suc- cessfully inserted in the Senate version of the bill. The amendment then became part of the conference report and went to the President's desk for his signature. Shortly thereafter, the President vetoed the construction authorization and the bill was returned to the Congress. Al- though the President's veto was success- fully overridden in the House, the Sen- ate failed to muster the required two- thirds vote and the President's veto was sustained. This legislative history shows that the House is very much in favor of legislative provisions which deal with military base closings or reductions. The Members of this body want the Pentagon to deal with communities affected by base closings or reductions in a much more fair manner, giving them a chance to adjust to the tremendous unemployment and other impacts which are caused by Defense Department decisions. Up until now, little or no safeguards existed in this area, even when thousands of individuals lost their jobs in a region already hard pressed by unemployment. The House has approved this base clos- ing legislation on two separate occasions, showing that the original vote on May 7 was by no means a chance victory. On July 22, 1976, the House overwhelmingly expressed its approval of this legislation by a margin of 270 to 131, gaining even a two-thirds majority to override a Pres- idential veto. The House's will is clear here. While I am unhappy with the proce- dures being used today, I understand that tliis procedure will not preclude a com- promise amendment from being adopted in the final House-Senate conference. The Senate will shortly be voting on a compromise amendment dealing with the base closing issue which should satisfy the objections raised by the President to the original military construction au- thorization. Given the assurances which we have received today, I am confident that the House conferees will insure that the past legislative positions taken by the House on the base closing issue will be well represented in the final conference report. Mr. Speaker, I feel sure that a compro- mise can be worked out such that the Congress can overcome the objections of the President and still pass a meaning- ful base closing or reduction provision. Surely, in these times of high unemploy- ment it is not right for the Federal Gov- ernment to be the worst possible em- ployer, operating with little regard for the lives of citizens and their employ- ment opportunities when a major mili- tary facility is closed or greatly reduced in force. Mr. WHITEHURST. Mr. Speaker, I have no comment, but I understand the gentleman from Texas wants to talk about this, so let us wait until he gets the time. Mr. ICHORD. Mr. Speaker, I yield 3 minutes to the distinguished gentleman from Texas (Mi-. Brooks) , the chairman of the Committee on Government Opera- tions. Mr. BROOKS. Mr. Speaker, I thank my distinguished friend, the gentleman from Missouri (Mr. Ichord) for yielding. I want to say that I am not opposed to most of the provisions of this bill, but I do have some serious reservations about several provisions dealing with the au- thority to exchange Government-owned property. As chairman of the Committee on Government Operations, I have been In- creasingly aware of the abuses which oc- cur when Government agencies acquire new property through exchange. The Committee on Government Operations and the General Accounting Office have documented case after case where the exchange of properties has resulted in the failure of the Government to get the best value for its property, not to men- tion tlie acquisition of unneeded and un- authorized properties. The most objectionable feature of the exchange procedure is that it circum- vents the usual legislative process. It per- mits the agencies to bypass in most cases the authorization process and in all cases the appropriations process. One glaring example of this practice is the GSA's acquisition of a $20 million office build- ing in southern California which was never authorized by Congress, never ap- propriated for, and for which we have yet to identify a need. I recognize that the military construc- tion authorization bills have for many years contained general authority to ac- quire property by exchange. However, in this bill a new provision has been added which requires the Secretary of each of the services to certify in his report seek- ing to declare property excess to his department's needs that he has consid- ered the feasibility of exchanging such property for other real property and has determined that the property proposed to be declared excess is not suitable for exchange. This section would appear to encourage an aggressive use of the exchange au- thority by the military departments. I hope ^at is not the Intention of the gen- tleman from Missouri (Mr. Ichord) nor of the Committee on Armed Services which reported this bill. The Government presently has exten- sive statutory provisions dealing with the disposal of Government property. Section 203 of the Federal Property Act is in- tended to provide the Government with a uniform and equitable program that will enable the Government to receive the most overall benefit from its property in- vestments. I am sure the gentleman in- tends that disposals occurring as a result of the use of the exchange authority contained in the bill now under consid- eration should be consummated in full compliance with the provisions of the Federal Property Act, and I hope that it is not his intention or the committee's intention to bypass or abrogate the provi- sions of that law. The SPEAKER. The time of the gen- tleman from Texas (Mr. Brooks) has expired. Mr. ICHORD. Mr. Speaker, I yield my- self 5 minutes. Mr. Speaker, let me state to the dis- tinguished gentleman from Texas (Mr. Brooks) that we are dealing with some very complicated provisions of the law. It was not my feeling nor was It the feel- ing of the members of the Committee on Armed Services that we were in any way in violation of the 1947 Federal Property Act nor were we in any way infringing upon the jurisdiction of the committee which the distinguished gentleman in the well chairs. I will state to the gentleman from Texas (Mr. Brooks) that what we were concerned about was this: During the calendar years 1974 and 1975 alone, the Department of Defense collectively re- ported as excess property to the General Services Administration 220,000 acres of improved real property at an acquisition cost of $687 million, without any of the proceeds except for family housing sales accruing to or benefiting the Depart- ment. In other words, I will state to the gentleman from Texas and the Members of the House that what we have been do- ing for several years is to operate another local revenue-sharing program through the use of Department of Defense funds. This is what we were concerned about; we were concerned with saving some money. We asked ourselves the question: How can we get an adequate defense for the United States as cheaply as we can? It was our feeling that we found too many cases where the Department of- De- fense has reported excess land to the GSA, and then the GSA has given it to some municipality or some State govern- ment, only to have the Department of Defense come back later and acquire land either nearby or in some other jurisdic- tion. It is our feeling that if the Depart- ment of Defense can exchange existing held land which it does not use for other land which It needs, that should be done In order to save some money. We have been able to work this out In many in- 27450 t le tt.e land t le ha' e n^ of govern: ng lani, Congr( ss t lan Sen ices an r mis stances, particularly in gram, where we are trying military airports from ian encroachments in nearly every Member of We are able to exchange easements and perhaps where needed with the further funds. Mr. Speaker, I would tleman from Texas (Mr. believe he is in error as changes are concerned. I tleman from Texas should matter, because it is true have the authority to without his committee or mittee specifically to be acquired. That is not true in the lands. Yes, I think if checks the law, and I this matter for many, man i am familiar with most cations of the laws In the case of EXDD committee in this this matter any closer Committee on Armed cifically require, before exchanged, that the land land is being exchanged cally authorized by the again, when they come exchange, we approve of the land, so we ride herd very, very hard, I would gentleman from Texas. Mr. BROOKS. Mr. Speal ate the gentleman's want to reiterate that whei propriations to the Depar fense, I vote for them; have land that is to be it should be handled priate legislation, which of the Federal Property would be much wiser and ter results and better vestment if we handled it uniform program. Mr. Speaker, I think mendous danger of fraud in of properties when we are different and uses that I think that the concep tleman from Missouri (Mr merit. I think his motives I do not think there is with the effort, and I agree there is difficulty of change and a fair return money, but I know from sands of these cases in the that exchange programs are danger and with difficulty Mr. ICHORD. Mr. Speake r in reply to the gentlemar (Mr. Brooks) that in the port we have asked the of their land acquisitions posals, and their land and give us a complete same. Mr. BROOKS. I would be seeing that report and will make that available to me Mr. ICHORD. That will let me state that there ari bers on the committee, AICW pro- to protect the increasing civil- districts of this Congress, and get the fee interests Expenditure of st£ te to the gen- qRooKS) that I as DOD ex- btlieve the gen- look into this 1 hat GSA does ^change land other com- authoriiing the lands C' (ngress. bac c t le A(t CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE August 2i, 1976 case of DOD gentleman looked into months, and the ramifi- exchanges. there is no that rides does the We spe- land can be or which the ist be spectfi- Then through the disposal of on the DOD state to the er, I appreci- but I we make ap- ment of De- when they declared surplus, und4r the appro- section 203 I think we M^ould get bet- retui ns on our in- uiider the same com nents. bit i; tliere is a tre- the exchange values that are different, of the gen- ICHORo) has ire excellent, anirthing wrong vith him that getting a fair ex- Federal tax handling thou- last 20 years fraught with . let me state from Texas (Committee re- to study all t|ieir land dis- matters ijeport on the DOD exch ange interested in isk that they too. be done and some mem- ihcluding the gentleman from Florida, who have been greatly concerned about this problem for many, many years. We intend to hold hearings on this re- port when the report is received by the committee and also make an effort to de- velop legislation in the area; but I am sure that since the gentleman and his Committee on Crovernment Operations do have jurisdiction over surplus land, there would be no difficulty in getting a concurrent referral or a simultaneous referral to his committee, and in that event the committee of the distinguished gentleman can also examine whatever legislation might be developed. Mr. BROOKS. We will be glad to co- operate with the gentleman from Mis- souri. Mr. RANDALL. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Mr. ICHORD. I yield to the gentleman from Missouri. The SPEAKER. The time of the gen- tleman from Missouri (Mr. Ichord) has expired. Mr. ICHORD. Mr. Speaker, I yield my- self 1 additional minute, and I yield to the gentleman from Missouri (Mr. Randall). Mr. RANDALL. Mr. Speaker, while the gentleman from Texas (Mr. Brooks) re- mains Standing in the well, I wanted to express appreciation for his comments. As chairman of the Subcommittee on Government Activities of the Committee on Government Operations which the gentleman from Texas (Mr. Brooks) headed for so long, I know that he is expressing a sincere and genuine con- cern with respect to exchange of prop- erties. I simply want to say that I appre- ciate the gentleman's concern and the caution he raises. As chairman of the subcommittee, many times interested Members have urged me to clear properties that were part of military installations, either by exchange or by sale. There is always a hurry and urgency to get some industry to locate on the property involved. Such property disposition is something upon which we must keep a close eye. Mr. Speaker, once again, I commend the gentleman from Texas (Mr. Brooks) for his concern and expression of caution. Mr. MOAKLEY. Mr. Speaker, I rise in strong opposition to the motion offered by the gentleman from Missouri (Mr. Ichord). The House has already passed a mili- tary construction authorization for fiscal year 1977 and I see no need for a second bill. The President chose to veto that bill (H.R. 12384) . I do not propose that the House now join in any rush to undo that mischief. The President objected to section 612 of the bill which was added as a floor amendment offered by the distinguished majority leader (Mr. O'Neill). The O'Neill amendment would have provided a 12-month period for review and jus- tification of proposed base closures or major reductions in staff at military installations. The O'Neill amendment fulfilled two vital purposes. It would have insured that Congress played a full and vigorous role in decisions which can have a major impact on the economic health of States and localities affected by base realine- ments. But of equal importance, even when Congress agrees with the justifica- tions for the proposal, the economic catastrophe would be delayed for 1 year. It would enable communities to spend a reasonable period of time working with the services, the Department of Defense, the Economic Development Administra- tion, and the General Services Adminis- tration in developing a sensible and eco- nomically viable reuse plan. It would enable the locality and the State to coor- dinate their efforts to attract new indus- try and insure a conversion to civilian reuse in the least disruptive manner possible. To accommodate major bases commu- nities make enormous sacrifices, gear many commimity services to meet the needs of base personnel and generally integrate the facility into the commu- nity's economy. All the O'Neill amend- ment asked was that these towns and cities be given 12 months before the ax falls and that Congress have an oppor- tunity to decide if there is any justifiable reason for the ax. I would suggest to my colleagues that my own experience with the closing of the Boston Naval Shipyard could strike any congressional district. In a period of months, a million dollars of economic activity and 6,000 jobs were gone. With- ont warning. Without reason. Boston has yet to recover from the enormous blow. Yet Massachusetts had deprived Richard Nixon of the honor no President since George Washington had attained — a unanimous vote of all the States in the electoral college. And so a political decision was made that Massachusetts would lose all its military bases. The last, Fort Devens, is now in the process of being closed. And it was indeed a political decision. At the height of the energy crisis, the Navy pushed ahead with the realine- ment that now forces ships to steam hundreds of extra miles to southern ports for overhaul and repairs. Some of the Navy's most experienced workers have been lost. And it lost the yard with the best record for on-time completions and the fewest cost overruns. The decisions are too important. They concern issues of national security and the economic health of our coimtry. We must not allow such decisions to be made by one man. The amendment has the clear support of the House. We passed the original bill by a substantial majority. The decisive vote on the vote on the override gave a clear message by a vote of 270 to 131. In the Senate, the override was supported by a constitutional majority — 51 — and a substantial majority of those voting. And now, Mr. Speaker, I propose that we wait. The President has vetoed the entire bill in order to keep vital economic decisions entirely in his own hands for the election campaign. I propose that we leave those hands empty. In no way does this infringe on the security of our Nation. Foreign military August 2J^, 1976 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE 27451 aid, civilian personnel and our fight- ing men, weapons research and procure- ment are all provided in other author- izing legislation. I urge my colleagues to reject this measure. There is no justification for this bill which represents a complete surrender by one branch of government to another. GENERAL LEAVE Mr. ICHORD. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that all Members may have 5 legislative days in which to revise and extend their remarks on the bill presently under consideration. Tlie SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Mis- souri? There was no objection. Mr. ICHORD. Mr. Speaker, I renew my recommendation that the rules be suspended and that this bill do pass. The SPEAKER. The question is on the motion offered by the gentleman from Missouri (Mr. Ichord) that the House suspend the rules and pass the bill H.R. 14846, as amended. The question was taken; and (two- thirds having voted in favor thereof) the rules were suspended and the bill, as amended, was passed. A motion to reconsider was laid on the table. TAX TREATMENT OF CEMETERY PERPETUAL CARE FUND TRUSTS Mr. ULLMAN. Mr. Speaker, I move to suspend the rules and pass the bill (H.R. 1142) to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 to provide for a distribu- tion deduction for certain cemetery perpetual care fund tmsts. The Clerk read as follows: Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, Tliat (a) section 642 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (relating to special rules for credits and deductions of estates and trusts) Is amended by redesignating subsection (J) as subsection (k) and by adding after subsection (1) the following new subsection : "(J) Certain Distributions by Cemetert Perpetdal Care Funds. — In the case of a cemetery perpetual care fund which — "(1) was created pursuant to local law by a taxable cemetery corporation for the care and maintenance of cemetery property, and "(2) is treated for the taxable year as a trust for purposes of this subchapter, any amount distributed by such fund for the care and maintenance of gravesltes which have been purchased from the cemetery cor- poration before the beginning of the taxable year of the trust and with respect to which there is an obligation to furnish care and maintenance shall be considered to be a distribution solely for purposes of sections 651 and 661, but only to the extent that the aggregate amount so distributed during the taxable year does not exceed $5 multiplied by the aggregate number of such grave- sites.". (b) Effective Date. — The amendments made by subsection (a) shall apply to amounts distributed during taxable years ending after December 31, 1963. The SPEAKER. Is a second demanded? Mr. FRENZEL. Mr. Speaker, I demand a second. The SPEAKER. Without objection, a second will be considered as ordered. There was no objection. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Oregon (Mr. Ullman) and the gentle- man from Minnesota (Mr. Frenzel) will be recognized for 20 minutes each. The Chair recognizes the gentleman from Oregon (Mr. Ullman). Mr. ULLMAN. Mr. Speaker, I yield my- self such time as I may consume. Mr. Speaker, the bill now before the House (H.R. 1142) permits cemetery per- petual care fimds to deduct the amounts they distribute for the care and main- tenance of gravesites. Under this provision, a "perpetual care fund" is a trust established under local law by a taxable cemetery for the care and maintenance of the cemetery. The deduction allowed is to be the amount actually distributed during the year for the care and maintenance of these grave- sites, but only under the following re- strictions : First. The deduction can be not more than $5 per gravesite; Second. The gravesite must have been sold before the beginning of the taxable year; Third. The gravesite must be one as to which the fund has an obligation to fur- nish care apd maintenance; and Fourth. The cemetery company has to actually spend the money for the care and maintenance of those gravesites. Also, the taxable cemetery companies that receive these distributions have to include these amounts as ordinary in- come. The position of the Internal Revenue Service has been that the deduction for income distributed by perpetual care funds is not allowable because these funds do not have any ascertainable beneficiaries. Since these distributions benefit gravesite owners, heirs, and the general public, the committee concluded that they were essentially the same as distributions to beneficiaries. Conse- quently, the committee recommended that these fimds be allowed the limited distribution deduction which I have just described. The bill is expected to reduce tax li- abilities by $10 million per year. Mr. Speaker, H.R. 1142 straightens out an anomaly under present law. With the cooperation of the Treasury Department, the bill has been drafted with appropri- ate safeguards against abuse. I urge the House to give its approval to this bill. Mr. FRENZEL. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume. Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of H.R. 1142, which would amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 to provide a dis- tribution deduction in the case of cer- tain cemetery perpetual care fimd trusts. Under present law these funds are usually created as either irrevoca- ble trust under State law or xmder the bylaws and contracts of cemetery com- panies. Such trusts are funded out of the gross receipts from the sale of bur- ial lots and crypts, with the income of the trusts going to the care and main- tenance of the cemetery, the lots and the crypts. The Internal Revenue Serv- ice has taken the position that a trust established by a taxable cemetery would be subject to tax. | 12,023 |
https://github.com/aria1th/EssentialClient/blob/master/src/main/java/essentialclient/commands/RegionCommand.java | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | 2,022 | EssentialClient | aria1th | Java | Code | 107 | 499 | package essentialclient.commands;
import com.mojang.brigadier.CommandDispatcher;
import essentialclient.config.clientrule.ClientRules;
import essentialclient.utils.EssentialUtils;
import essentialclient.utils.command.CommandHelper;
import essentialclient.utils.render.ChatColour;
import net.minecraft.client.network.ClientPlayerEntity;
import net.minecraft.command.argument.Vec2ArgumentType;
import net.minecraft.server.command.ServerCommandSource;
import net.minecraft.util.math.Vec2f;
import static net.minecraft.server.command.CommandManager.argument;
import static net.minecraft.server.command.CommandManager.literal;
public class RegionCommand {
public static void register(CommandDispatcher<ServerCommandSource> dispatcher) {
if (!ClientRules.COMMAND_REGION.getValue()) {
return;
}
CommandHelper.clientCommands.add("region");
dispatcher.register(literal("region")
.then(literal("get")
.then(argument("pos", Vec2ArgumentType.vec2())
.executes(context -> {
Vec2f v = Vec2ArgumentType.getVec2(context, "pos");
EssentialUtils.sendMessage(ChatColour.GOLD + "Those coordinates are in region: " + ChatColour.GREEN + (int) Math.floor(v.x/512) + "." + (int) Math.floor(v.y/512));
return 0;
})
)
.executes(context -> {
ClientPlayerEntity playerEntity = EssentialUtils.getPlayer();
EssentialUtils.sendMessage(ChatColour.GOLD + "You are in region: " + ChatColour.GREEN + (int) Math.floor(playerEntity.getX()/512) + "." + (int) Math.floor(playerEntity.getZ()/512));
return 0;
})
)
);
}
} | 7,971 |
bub_gb_9_HhPTQ9rnwC_7 | French-PD-diverse | Open Culture | Public Domain | 1,865 | Histoire constitutionnelle de l'Angleterre depuis l'avénement de George 3. 17601860 par Thomas Erskine May | None | French | Spoken | 7,590 | 11,871 | Leur force était grande et périlleuse. Au service d’une bonne cause, et sous la direction d’hommes sages et ho norables, elles élaientde natureà procurer des bienfaits signalés à leur pays et à l'humanité. Au service d’une mauvaise cause, et sous la conduite de chefs imprudents et pervers, elles pouvaient devenir des instruments de tumulte et de sédition. L’union de la force morale et physique peut convaincre, mais elle peut aussi prati quer l’intimidation; les arguments peuvent faire place aux menaces, et les paroles ardentes à des actes violents (l) « L’association possède plus de puissance que ta presse... Les moyens d'exécution se combinent, tes opinions se déploient avec cette force et cette chaleur que ne peut jamais atteindre la pensée écrite. • De Tocqueville, Démocratie en Amérique, I, 217. Digitized by Google UE L’A MULETCHR E. 146 cl anarchiques (1). Notre histoire abonde en exemples des avantages et des périls de l’agitation politique. Les associations protestantes révélèrent, précisément Association* pr*. r iMliDlM , ira. à cette époque et sous leur forme la plus redoutable, nso. tous les dangers de ce genre d’agitation. En 1778, la lé gislature ayant accordé aux catholiques anglais quelque tolérance, un certain nombre de protestants fanatiques s'associèrent eu Écosse pour préserver leur pays d’une semblable mesure. Le principe d’association s’était si rapidement développé, que quatre-vingt-cinq sociétés ou comités de correspondance furent établis en com munication avec Edimbourg. Le fanatisme du peuple fut si bien excité au moyen de discours, de pamphlets, de placards et de sermons, que la pieuse furie de la popu lace Ut explosion dans de honteuses émeutes. Quoi qu’il en soit, celte misérable agitation n’eut que trop de suc cès. Par amour de la paix, les catholiques d’Écossc re noncèrent à leurs droits légitimes, et le Parlement sou mit son propre jugement à la volonté de la populace écossaise (2). Celte agitation gagna bientôt l’Angleterre. Il se forma Lora ceorg. à Londres une association protestante à laquelle s’afli oord°d”',a!" lièrent un grand nombre de sociétés locales, de comités et de clubs dans diverses parties du royaume. Lord George Gordon fut élu président de cette vaste confédé ration, dans les deux pays. Les protestants d'Ecosse avaient imposé à la législature : les protestants d’Angle (1) « On ne peut se dissimuler que la liberté illimitée d'association, en matière politique, ne soit, de toutes les libertés, la dernière qu'un peuple puisse supporter. Si elle ne le tait pas tomber dans l'anarchie, elle ta lui fait, pour ainsi dire, toucher à chaque instant. • De Tocqi’e. ville, Démocr., I, 231. (2) Voir plus loin, chap. xii. II. 10 Digitized by Google 14Ü HISTOIRE CONSTITUTION N ELLE Désordres à V estminster, t juin. Les salles des •leux chamlires sont investies. terre ne pourraient-ils pas faire avancer leur cause au moyen de l’intimidation? L’expérience allait se tenter. Le 29 mai 1780, lord George Gordon convoqua, dans la salle des carrossiers, une réunion de l’association protes tante; une pétition, demandant l’abrogation du dernier acte en faveur des catholiques, y fut convenue. En haran guant la réunion, lord George dit que, « si les membres de l’association avaient l’intention d’employer leur temps à des discussions illusoires et à une opposition stérile, ils pouvaient choisir un autre chef;» et il déclara qu’il ne présenterait leur pétition que s’il était accompagné par vingt mille de ses concitoyens. A cet effet, le 2 juin, un grand nombre de pétitionnaires et d'autres personnes, des cocardes bleues au chapeau, s’assemblèrent dans Saint-George’s Fields, d’où ils se ■portèrent par divers chemins sur Westminster, et prirent possession de Pa lace-Yard avant la réunion des deux chambres. Comme les pairs se rendaient en voiture au Parlement, plusieurs d’entre eux furent assaillis à coups de pierre. Lord Bos ton fut traîné hors de sa voiture et n’échappa que diffici lement à la populace. A la chambre des communes, la foule envahit le couloir du vote (lobby) et les corridors, et pénétra jusqu'à la porte de la chambre. Elle atta qua et molesta plusieurs membres, les obligeant à porter des cocardes bleues et à crier : i A bas les pa pistes! » Quoiqu’il eût été faitgrand bruit de cette manifeslatiou si nombreuse et si irrégulière, nulle précaution n’avait été prise pour maintenir le bon ordre et mettre le Parlement à l’abri de tentatives d’intimidation. La vie des lords était en danger, et six constables seulement se trouvaient sur les lieux pour les protéger. Les communes étaient inves Digitized by Google DE L'ANGLETERRE. 147 ties,mais leurs gardiens résistaient seuls au flot populaire. Pendant que l’émeute se livrait à sa furie, lord George Gordon présentait la pétition protestante et demandait qu’elle fût immédiatement examinée en comité. Une semblable proposition ne pouvait être admise au milieu des buées de la populace, et un amendement fut proposé pour remettre l’examen de la pétition à un autre jour. Un débat s'engagea, pendant lequel les désordres conti nuèrent dans le lobby et dans Palace-Yard. A diverses reprises, la discussion fut interrompue par de violents coups frappés à la porte; les émeuliers parurent sur le point d'envahir la salle, et les membres de la cham bre se préparèrent à se défendre ou à se frayer un chemin l’épée à la main. Pendant ce temps, l’auteur de ces désordres se rendit plusieurs fois dans le lobby et au sommet de l’escalier de la galerie, d’où il harangua le peuple, disant que la pétition ne rencontrerait proba blement pas grande faveur, et nommant les membres qui la combattaient. Il ne renonça à cette conduite choquante que lorsqu’un de ses parents, le colonel Murray, le me naça de son épée, si un seul émeutier mettait le pied dans la salle. Lorsqu’on demanda le vote par division, le sergent d’armes annonça qu’il ne pouvait pas faire éva cuer le lobby, et la séance fut suspendue pendant long temps. A la ûn, un détachement de troupes étant arrivé, la foule se dispersa, le vote eut lieu, et la chambre s’a journa (1). La scène qui s’était passée à Westminster avait étédéjà bien assez honteuse; mais elle ne fit que servir de pré (I) Ann. Reg., 118'), 190 et seq. — l'orl. Hui. , XXI, 05t-ti8C. — State Tr., XXI, m. Émeutes 4 Loudrcs. Digitized by Google 148 HISTOIRE CONSTITUTIONNELLE lude aux émeutes et aux incendies qui désolèrent Lon dres pendant une semaine entière. Le 6, la pétition protestante devait être examinée par la chambre. Des mesures avaient été prises pour protéger la législature contre de nouveaux outrages ; mais la voiture de lord Slormont fut attaquée et mise en pièces; M. Durke fut pendant quelque temps au pouvoir de la populace; et une attaque fut tentée sur la résidence officielle de lord North, dans Downing-Streel. Les communes adoptèrent des résolutions pour la défense de leurs privilèges, et promirent d’examiner la pétition quand le calme serait rétabli (t). Mais les violences de la foule étaient encouragées par la mollesse et la timidité du gouvernement et des magis trats; bientôt toute la ville fut menacée d'étre la proie des flammes. Les chapelles des ambassadeurs catholi ques furent brûlées, les portes des prisons furent enfon cées, les maisons de plusieurs magistrats et hommes d’Êtat furent détruites; la résidence du vénérable Mnns field, avec ses livres et ses précieux manuscrits, fut ré duite en cendres. La banque d’Angleterre elle-même fut menacée. Les rues fourmillaient d’incendiaires complète ment ivres. Enfin la dévastation fut arrêtée par la ferme décision du roi. « Il y aura, au moins, dans mon royaume, dit-il, un magistrat qui fera son devoir; > et, par ses ordres, une proclamation fut immédiatement aflichée, annonçant que les officiers du roi avaient pour instruc tion de réprimer les troubles ; et les troupes reçurent l’ordre d’agir sans attendre les réquisitions des magis trats civils. Leur action fut prompte et décisive, et les (1) Pari. Hist., XXI, Cl. Digitized by Google 1)E L’ANGLETERRE. 149 émeuliers furent dispersés : un assez grand nombre d’entre eux furent tués ou blessés (1). La légalité de l’intervention de la force armée, en l’ab sence d’un magistrat, devint plus tard le sujet d’une dis cussion. Lord Mansfield déclara que les insurgés, s’étant livrés à des actes patents de trahison, de félonie et de sédition, c’était le devoir de tout sujet de Sa Majesté, et des soldats aussi bien que des autres citoyens, de leur résister. D’après ce principe, il justifia la proclamation et déclara l’action des troupes conforme à la loi. Son au torité fut acceptée comme concluante. Il fut reconnu qu’en temps de trouble, le gouvernement devait être armé des pouvoirs nécessaires. Mais quel pauvre emploi n’en avait-il pas fait? S’il avait su les exercer à temps, il aurait empêché plusieurs journées d’anarchie et de dé sordre, peut-être même sans effusion de sang. Son ac tion tardive et violente, au dernier moment, avait ajouté aux maux de l’insurrection un conflit sanglant avec le peuple (2). Telle fut la triste issue d'une agitation immodérée en faveur d’une mauvaise cause servie par l’intimidation et la violence. L’insensé et coupable chef du mouvement n’é chappa à une condamnation pour haute trahison que pour mourir, quelques années plus tard, à Newgate, victime de la cruelle application de la loi sur le libelle (3) ; et plu sieurs des émeutiers expièrent leurs crimes sur l’échafaud. (Il ,4nn. Reg ., 1730, 265 et seq. Il fut constaté qu’l) y avait eu envi ron trois cents morts ; cent soixante-treize blessés furent reçus dans les hôpitaux. (2) Debates of Lord* and Commons, 19 juin 1780. Pari. Hist., XXI, 690 701. — Debate on Mr. Sheridan’s motion [Westminster Police), 5 mars 1781. Ibid., 1305. (3) Siale Tr.. XXII, 175-236. — Ann. Reg.. 1793. Chron., 3. Action de la force armée en l’absence d’un magistrat. N. Digitized by Google 150 HISTOIRE CONSTITUTION N EU, K i»tuciniua Peu d'années après, une autre association se forma contre la traite. , ,. ,, dt> Dum, pour soutenir une cause noblement pbdanlhropique,l a bolition de la traite des noirs. C’était une association qui louchait à peine à la politique. Elle n'avait pas de changement constitutionnel ii réclamer, pas d’intérêts î» favoriser, pas de préjugés à satisfaire, pas même le bien être national à faire progresser. Ses clients étaient une race méprisée, vivant sous de lointains climats, un type inférieur de la famille humaine, pour lequel les natures d’un ordre plus élevé éprouvaient de la répugnance plu tôt que de la sympathie. La bienfaisance et la charité chrétienne étaient ses seuls mobiles. De l’autre côté, le commerce des esclaves était soutenu par quelques-unes des classes les plus puissantes du pays, les négociants, les armateurs, les planteurs. Avant de pouvoir le pros crire, il fallait vaincre d’anciens intérêts, éclairer l’igno rance, surmonter les préjugés et l'indifférence, convertir l’opinion publique. Ce fut à cette grande oeuvre que Granville, Sharpc, AVilberforce, Clarkson et d'autres nobles cœurs consacrèrent leur vie. Jamais cause ne fut soutenue avec plus d’ardeur et d’activité. L’organisation de la société comprenait toutes les classes et toutes les dénominations religieuses. Les faits étaient recueillis des sources les plus diverses, afin de mettre à nu la cruauté et l'iniquité de ce trafic. Les exemples et les arguments étaient inépuisables. Des hommes remplis de sensibilité et de cœur faisaient appel, avec une pro fonde émotion, aux sentiments religieux et à la bonté du peuple. Si l’extravagance et le mauvais goiU excitaient parfois la moquerie, les sentiments justes, le noble des sein et l'éloquence des chefs de ce mouvement faisaient naître le respect et l’admiration. Les traités pénétraient Digitized by Google DE L’ANGl.ETKtIRK. 151 dans toutes les maisons; les chaires elles tribunes reten tissaient des souffrances des nègres ; les pétitions se mul tipliaient; les ministres et le Parlement étaient poussés à l’examen et à l'action. Une semblable mission ne devait pas s’accomplir en un jour. La cause ne pouvait être ga gnée par un enthousiasme soudain, encore moins par l’intimidation; il fallait faire la conviction. dans l'esprit et dans la conscience de la nation. Et cela fut fait. A aucune époque antérieure, la liberté de l’opinion n'avait fait des progrès aussi rapides que ceux qu’elle fit pendant les trente premières années de ce règne. Jamais la voix du peuple n’avait été entendue aussi souvent et aussi fortement, dans les conseils intérieurs de l’Étal. L’opinion publique commençait à suppléer aux défauts d’une représentation trop étroite. Mais de mauvais jours approchaient, où les libertés si récemment conquises allaient être suspendues. D’un côté, une démocratie sau vage et fanatique, dépassant les bornes de la liberté rai sonnable, et de l’autre, une crainte exagérée des dangers que faisait courir cette démocratie, allaient amener une période de réaction, défavorable aux droits populaires. En 1792, les ombres toujours plus épaisses de la révo (I) Clarksou’s Hui. ofthe Sim* Trci'lc, I, 288. etc. — t Vt Hier force’ s Life , 1, 13n-nj,ete. rrvgrcs Je l’opinion publt que, Publication» Digitized by Google i)émucrali<|ue« , 179t. l’rot'lantal.oii tin £1 mai 1792. 152 HISTOIRE CONSTITUTIONNELLE lulion française avaient inspiré à la grande niasse du peuple anglais des sentiments de sérieuse réprobation; tandis qu’un parti, peu nombreux, mais bruyant et tur bulent, défendait le suffrage universel et les parlements annuels, et proclamait son admiration pour les principes français et sa sympathie pour les jacobins de Paris. Les membres de*ce parti faisaient circuler leurs opinions au moyen de traités démocratiques, de placards et de journaux, rédigés dans un esprit séditieux. Quelques-uns de ces écrits étaient l’œuvre d’auteurs exprimant, comme à d’autres époques, leurs sentiments individuels; mais beaucoup d’entre eux étaient répandus, à bas prix, par des associations démocratiques, en correspondance avec la France (1). Parmi ces publications, une des plus po pulaires et des plus dangereuses fut la seconde partie des « Droits de l’homme « par Paine. Au lieu de choisir un ouvrage dangereux pour le pour suivre séparément, le gouvernement publia, le 21 mars 1792, une proclamation mettant le peuple en garde contre des écrits coupables et séditieux industrieusernent pro pagés dans son sein, commandant aux magistrats de dé couvrirlesauteurs, impriraeurset colporteurs de sembla bles écrits, et aux shériffs de veiller h prévenir tout tu multe et tout désordre. Cette proclamation ayant été mise sous les yeux du Parlement, fut vivement attaquée par M. Grey, par M. Fox, et par d’autres membres de l’oppo sition, qui soutinrent qu’elle était de nature à exciter des craintes et des alarmes sans fondement (2), le gou vernement ayant déjà, dans les lois existantes, des pou (I) Ann. Hey.t 1792, p. 305. — Hift. of the iwo Acte , fntrod XXXVil. — Adoiphus* Uist V, 67. — Tomlinc’s Life of Pitiy III, ‘272. *2) Voir ci-(le$sufl, p. 35. Digitized by Google DE L’ANGLETERRE. 153 voirs suffisants pour réprimer la licence ou la désaffec tion. Les deux chambres votèrent, cependant, une adresse commune au roi, approuvant le but de la proclamation, et exprimant leur indignation contre toute tentative faite pour affaiblir les sentiments du peuple en faveur des institutions établies (1). Thomas Paine fut bientôt après mis en jugement. Il fut défendu parM. Erskine, que ni le déplaisir du roi et du prince de Galles, ni les sollicitations de scs amis, ni les clameurs publiques ne purent détourner d’accomplir son devoir comme avocat (2). Défendre un pareil livre en s’appuyant sur son mérite intrinsèque, n’était pas chose possible; mais M. Erskine soutint que, d’après les lois anglaises, un écrivain est libre de parler à la raison de la nation sur la constitution et le gouvernement, et qu'il n’est criminel que s’il cherche à exciter le peuple à en freindre les lois, ou s’il calomnie des magistrats vivants. Il maintint que l’opinion est libre, et que la conduite seule relève de la loi. Il condamna lui-même les opinions de M. Paine, mais en déclarant que son client ne devait pas être puni parce que le jury les désapprouvait en tant qu’opinions, à moins que leur intention et leur caractère ne fussent criminels. Et il montra dans les ouvrages de Locke, de Milton, de Burke, de Paley et d'autres écrivains spéculatifs, avec quelle liberté des opinions abstraites sur notre constitution avaient souvent été exprimées, sans tomber sous le coup de la loi sur le libelle. Paine fut (1) Pari. Hist., XXIX, 1476-1534. — Tomline's Life of Pitt, lit, 347. — Lord Malmesbury's Corr ., Il, 441. Il y avait eu des procla mations semblables sous le règne de la reine Anne et de George I". (2) Si. Tr. XXVI, 715. — Lord Campbell'e tires ofthe ChanceUors. VI, 455. Procès de Thomas Paine, décembre ntt. Digitized by Google Alarme du gouvernement H dec magistrat». Assiiciations démocratiques. Société de la révolution. 15t «HISTOIRE CONSTITUTIONNELLE déclaré coupable (1); mais les principes généraux déve loppés par son avocat, et auxquels ses contemporains ne voulurent pas prêter l'oreille, ont été depuis long temps acceptés comme la base sur laquelle repose la li berté de l’opinion. En môme temps, la marche des événements en France et l’extravagance des démocrates anglais venaient encore accroître les craintes qu’inspiraient la démocratie, la presse, et les opinions spéculatives. Plusieurs sociétés, qui avaient été formées pour d’autres objets, avouèrent alors leur sympathie et leur commu nauté d’opinion avec le parti révolutionnaire français; elles votèrent des adresses à la convention nationale, correspondirent avec les clubs politiques et les hom mes publics de Paris, et imitèrent les sentiments, le langage et le jargon alors en vogue de l’autre côté du détroit (2). Les plus remarquables de ces sociétés étaient la « société de la révolution, » la « société pour le développement des connaissances constitutionnelles,» et la « société de correspondance de Londres. » La so ciété de la révolution avait été formée longtemps aupara vant, en commémoration île la révolution anglaise de 1088, et non de la révolution française venue cent ans après. Elle se réunissait annuellement le inovembre; les principaux toasts étaient à la mémoire du roi Guillaume, au jugement par jury, et à la liberté de la presse. Le 4 novembre’ 1788, le centième anniversaire de la révolu tion avait été célébré dans toute l’Angleterre, par les hommes de tous les partis ; et la société de la révolution avait été honorée de la présence d’un secrétaire d’État (1) SI. Tr., XXII, 357. (2) Arin.ltey., I7U2, part. II, 128-170,311. Digitized by Google DR L'ANGLETERRE. 155 et d’autres personnages distingués (l). Mais les émotions de cette époque lui donnèrent une vie nouvelle, et le sentiment historique se perdit dans l’agitation politique. L’exemple de la France effaça presque le souvenir de Guillaume (9). La société pour le développement des connaissances constitutionnelles avait été formée en 1780, afin d’instruire le peuple de ses droits politiques et de servir la cause de la réforme parlementaire. Parmi ses premiers membres se trouvaient le duc de Richmond, M. Fox, M. Pitt lui-même etM. Sheridan. Ils quittèrent bientôt la société; mais M. Wyvill, le major Cartwright, M. Home Tooke, et quelques politiques plus zélés, con tinuèrent à la soutenir, prêrhant le suffrage universel et distribuant d’obscurs traités. Elle était à peine connue du public, son budget était peu considérable, et la révolution française la sauva seule d’une mort natu relle (3). La société de correspondance de Londres, composée principalement d’ouvriers, fut fondée au milieu de l’agi tation causée par les événements qui avaient lieu en France. Elle prétendait porter remède à tous les maux réels ou imaginaires de la société, corriger tous les abus politiques, et en particulier obtenir le suffrage universel et les parlements annuels. Ces divers buts devaient être (I) Histnry of the two Acts, Introd ., XXXV. (?) Abstract ofthe Histnry and Proceedings of the Révolution Society, 1789. — Sermon by Dr Price , with Appendix , 1 789. — « The Corres pond ence of the Révolution Society in London , » etc., 1792. — Ann. Reg.y 1792, part. I, IG5, 311, 306; part. 11, 135. — App. to Chron ., 128 et seq. — Adotphus' Hist IV, 643; V, 211. (3) Stephens ’ Life of Home Tooke, 1, 436; 11, 144. — Hist. of the two Acts , Introd., XXX Vil. — Adolphus ’ Hist., V, 212. — Ijjrd Stan hope’s Life of Pitt, II, 65. Société |>our le déreloppement «le* connais sances constitu tionnelle*. Société «le correspondance de tondre*. Digitized by Google 1SG HISTOIRE CONSTITUTIONNELLE atteints par l’action combinée de sociétés affiliées dans toute l’étendue du pays. Le plan embrassait une corres pondance générale, non-seulement avec d’autres associa tions politiques en Angleterre, mais avec la convention nationale de France et les jacobins de Paris. Les chefs étaient des hommes obscurs et pour la plupart illettrés. Les actes de la société furent plus remarquables par leur extravagance et par leur folie que par leur violence. Les arguments en faveur du suffrage universel se combi naient avec des spéculations abstraites et des phrases de convention empruntées à la France, et absolument étrangères aux sentiments des Anglais et au génie de la liberté anglaise. Les membres de la société étaient des « citoyens, » le roi était « le premier magistrat (t). » Ces sociétés, animées d’un sentiment commun, se li vrèrent à une correspondance active, et publièrent de nombreuses résolutions et adresses d’un caractère démo cratique et quelquefois séditieux. Leurs projets bizarres et visionnaires, quelque séduction qu’ils pussent avoir pour une classe inférieure de politiques, ne ser vaient qu’à discréditer la liberté et à la mettre en dan ger. Ils étaient répudiés par la «société des amis du peuple (2),» et par tous les réformistes sincères mais modérés de cette époque; ils choquaient les prudents, alarmaient les timides, et provoquaient, s’ils ne les justi fiaient pas, les sévérités du gouvernement.' En temps ordinaire, l’insignifiance de ces sociétés au (f ; Ann. Reg.t 170?, p. 366 ; 1793, p. 165. — App. to Ckron.% 75, 1794, p. 129. — Adolphus ' Hi$t., V, 212. — Tomline's Life of Pitt , III, 27?, 321. — Lord J. RnsselFs Life of Fox, II, 281. — Behhnm ** Hitt., VIH, 405, 409. (?) Voir vol. I, 400. — Lord. J. RuuetPs Lifeof Fox, II, 293. Digitized by Google DK L’A NUI. K T K R HE. Is: rail excité le mépris plutôt que l’alarme ; mais comme les clubs et les démagogues, jadis tout aussi peu formi dables, avaient obtenu en France un terrible ascendant, elles éveillèrent des appréhensions hors de proportion avec leur danger véritable. En présence d'un ébranle ment politique sans pareil dans l'histoire du monde, tout symptôme de révolution n’était que trop aisément grossi par les imaginations. Il n’y a plus moyen de douter aujourd’hui que l’alarme A conçue à cette époque fût exagérée et excessive. Rien ne vint prouver qu’elle fût juste et bien fondée. Les sociétés, quelque malfaisantes qu’elles fussent, n'avaient pas de nombreux adhérents; les hommes influents ne les encou rageaient pas; les classes moyennes les répudiaient; la société dans son ensemble les condamnait. Aucune des causes qui avaient précipité la révolution en France n’exis tait en Angleterre. Les maux d’un gouvernement absolu avaient depuis longtemps disparu. Nous n’avions ni lettres de cachet, ni Bastille, ni aristocratie privilégiée, ni goufTre infranchissable entre les nobles et le tiers état, ni ostracisme des opinions. Nous avions une consti tution libre, dont les Anglais étaient fiers, une société réglée, avec de justes gradations de rang, unie par tous les liens d'une communauté bien ordonnée ; et nos liber tés, depuis longtemps conquises, grandissaient encore avec la puissance et les lumières du peuple. Eu France, il n’y avait entre le gouvernement et ses sujets d’autre lien que l’autorité; en Angleterre, le pouvoir reposait sur la large base de la liberté. L’attachement du pays h son gouvernement était si ferme, que, pour une personne animée d’un esprit séditieux, il yen avait mille prêtes îi défendre la loi et la constilutfon au prix de leur vie. Le armes étagè res. Digitized by Google Politique répressive, 1792 15S H I ST 01 B F. CONSTITUTIONN E LLR peuple, aussi zélé pour la cause du bon ordre que ceux qui le gouvernaient, était à l’épreuve des séductions que pouvaient lui offrir quelques misérables démocrates. Au lieu de sympathiser avec la révolution française, il était choqué de ses excès sanguinaires, et ne voyait qu’avec horreur ses extravagances sociales et religieuses. Le cœur de la société anglaise était sain. Comment soup çonner le peuple de républicanisme, après les preuves d'affectueuse fidélité qu’il avait si récemment données à l’occasion de la guérison du roi ? Mais ses sentiments monarchiques eux-mémes furent alors contraires aux libertés publiques. Ils se manifes tèrent par la haine et la crainte de la démocratie. La répression et la sévérité furent populaires et certaines de rencontrer un cordial appui. Les classes influentes, plus alarmées que le gouvernement, fomentèrent ardemment l’esprit de réaction. Depuis longtemps elles étaient jalouses de l'influence croissante de la presse et de l’opinion popu laire. Leur propre pouvoiravait été troublé par l’agitation politique des trente dernières années, et il était encore menacé par la réforme parlementaire. Mais le temps était venu de recouvrer leur ascendant. L'esprit démocratique du peuple se révélait, et il fallait l’écraser dans l’intérêt de l’ordre. Les dangers de la réforme parlementaire étaient mis en lumière par les clameurs en faveur du suffrage universel, des parlements annuels cl des droits de l’homme; et les réformateurs de tous les degrés devaient être repoussés comme des révolutionnaires. L’esprit calme cl élevé de M. Pitt était peu disposé à l’inquiétude. Il avait blftmé la sentence prématurée de réprobation que M. Burke avait prononcée sur la révolu tion française ; il avait récemment déclaré sa confiance Digitized by Google DE L'ANGLETERRE. 159 dans la paix et la prospérité de son pays, et il avait été lent à prévoir le danger politique des événements qui se passaient en France. Mais, à celte époque, il céda à la pression de M. Burke el d’un parti qui grandissait au sein du Parlement; et, tout en calmant leurs appréhen sions, il sut s'assurer à lui-même un grand accroissement de force morale et matérielle. Il parvint du même coup à grossir le nombre de ses adhérents, à diviser l’opposi tion et à gagner la confiance publique. Ce fut une crise d’une difficulté sans exemple, impo sant la plus grande vigilance et la plus grande fermeté. Les ministres, chargés de maintenir l’ordre, ne pou vaient négliger aucune des précautions qu’exigeait le péril du moment. Ils étaient certains d’être soutenus toutes les fois qu’ils puniraient la sédition el la trahison; les coupables en petit nombre ne pouvaient trouver la moindre sympathie chez un peuple dévoué à son roi. Mais le gouvernement, guidé par le nouveau chancelier et nouveau converti, lord Loughborougb, et, par les lé gistes de la couronne, prêta une oreille trop crédule aux rapports de leurs agents et donna aux aétes d’un petit groupe de démocrates, presque tous ouvriers, la dignité d’une grande conspiration pour renverser la constitu tion. Des ministres qui gouvernaient un pays libre, ap prirent à craindre le peuple, à l’instar des tyrans. Au lieu de s’appuyer sur le sens rassis de la nation, ils firent appel à ses craintes ; et, pour réprimer des pratiques sé ditieuses, ils se montrèrent prêts à sacrifier la liberté de l’opinion. Leur politique, dictée par une situation aussi dangereuse qu’étrange et que nouvelle, a été approuvée par le sentiment de la majorité de leurs contemporains; mais elle n’a pas été justifiée, dans un siècle de plus Digitized by Google l'ro' Umiit'uB du 1»' décembre 1T9Î. l)i»court du roi) 13 décembre 179t. 160 HISTOIRE CONSTITUTION NK I.I.K grande liberté, par le jugement plus mûr de la posté rité. Le premier acte que Ot ensuite le gouvernement fut de nature à exciter une panique. Le l’r décembre 1792, parut une proclamation déclarant qu’un esprit de tu multe et de discorde si dangereux avait été excité par des gens mal intentionnés, agissant de concert avec d’autres personnes résidant à l'étranger; qu'il était né cessaire de convoquer et d’enrégimenter la milice. Le Parlement, qui avait été prorogé jusqu’au 3 janvier, fut convoqué pour le 13 décembre. Le discours du roi, lors de l’ouverture du Parlement, répéta les déclarations contenues dans la proclamation et (il allusion à des desseins formés de concert avec des personnes résidant à l’étranger, pour tenter o la des truction de notre heureuse constitution et le renverse ment de tout ordre et de tout gouvernement (1). n Ces déclarations furent vivement combattues par M. Fox, qui les qualifia «d’intolérable calomnie dirigée contre le peuple de la Grande-Bretagne, s et soutint que le pouvoir exécutif voulait exercer un contrôle, non-seulement sur les actes du peuple, mais sur ses pensées. Il conseilla de se montrer empressé à redresser tous les griefs au lieu d’imposer silence à la discussion. D’autres orateurs protestèrent également contre les vues excessives sur l'état du pays que l’administration avait encouragées. Ils exhortèrent les ministres il avoir confiance dans la fidé lité et le bon jugement du peuple, et à donner l’exemple du calme et de la modération, au lieu de fomenter les appréhensions. Mais des adresses, donnant la sanction II) Comm. joum., XI, VIII, 4.— Pari. Hisl., XXX, 6. — Fox, Speeches, IV, 445. Digitized by Google DE D’ANGLETERRE. 161 du Parlement aux sentiments exprimés par le roi, furent votées dans les deux chambres (1). La majorité n’hésita pas à permettre que les privilèges populaires fussent sa crifiés à la panique régnante. Mais jusqu’alors aucune preuve des dangers supposés ^ n’avait été produite ; et le 28 février, M. Sheridan pro te février ms. posa une enquête, dans un comité de la chambre entière. 11 nia l’existence de pratiques séditieuses, et imputa au gouvernement le désir de créer une panique, afin d’en tlammer l’esprit public contre la France, avec laquelle la guerre était alors déclarée, et de distraire l'attention de la réforme parlementaire. Le débat ne révéla aucune nouvelle preuve de sédition, mais la motion fut rejetée sans division (2). En même temps, les procès de presse se multipliaient, surtout contre les éditeurs desœuvres de Paine (3). Toute paroles éditieuse était sévèrement réprimée. Quelques exemples serviront à monlreravec quelle rigueur les lois étaientappliquées.Un respectable procureur, John Frost, Procède vron, î , mars 1793. qui avait, quelques années auparavant, travaillé à la réforme parlementaire avec le duc de Richmond et M. Pitt, fut poursuivi pour des paroles séditieuses pronon cées en causant, après dtner, dans un café. Ses paroles, répréhensibles en elles-mêmes, n’étaient pas aggravées (I) Dans la chambre des communes, A une majorité de 190 contré 50. Pari. Hist., XXX, 1-80. — Ann. Reg., 1 T93, p. 244-247. (J) Pari. Hisl., XXX, -523. (3) Par exemple, Daniel Isaac Eaton, Daniel Ilolt et divers autres. State Tr,, XXII, 574-822. — Ibid., XXIII, 214, etc. — L 'attorney general déclara, le 13 décembre 1792, qu'il avait à son parquet deux cents mises en accusation pour libelles séditieux. Adol/thus’ Hisl., Y, 524. — Voir également Currics Life, I, 185. — Roscoe's Life, 1/124. — Holcroffs Mem., Il, 151. II. 11 Digitized by Google HISTOIltK CONSTITUTIONNEL!. E M. Winterbo tham, 1793. Affaire de Thomas Briellat, 1793. Le Dr Hudson, 9 décembre 1793. 162 par un mauvais vouloir établi ou par une intention sédi tieuse. On pouvait à peine les qualifier de paroles réflé chies; cependant il fut déclaré coupable, condamné à six mois d’emprisonnement, à être mis au pilori dans Charing-Cross, et à être rayé du tableau des procureurs (1). M. Winterbotham , ministre baptiste, fut mis en juge ment pour avoir prononcé des paroles séditieuses dans deux sermons. Les preuves fournies contre lui furent contredites péremptoirement par plusieurs témoins; et, dans le second cas, les témoignages à charge furent si faibles et la défense du prévenu si concluante, que le juge demanda un acquittement; cependant le jury rendit dans les deux cas un verdict de culpabilité. Le malheu reux ministre fut condamné à quatre ans d’emprisonne ment, & payer deux amendes de 100 livres sterling, et à donner caution de sa bonne conduite (2). Thomas Briel lat fut poursuivi pour avoir tenu des propos séditieux en causant dans une taverne et dans la boutique d’un bou cher. Ici encore, les preuves fournies par l'accusation furent contredites par des témoins à décharge; mais leurs dépositions furent regardées comme non-avenues ; le jury déclara l’accusé coupable, et Briellat fut con damné h un an d’emprisonnement et à 100 livres sterling d’amende (3). Le procès du docteur Hudson, pour propos séditieux tenus au café de Londres, fournit un autre exemple des inquiétudes et de la vigilance du peuple. Le docteur Hudson avait adressé des toasts et l'expression de ses sen timents à son ami M. Pigolt, qui dînait avec lui dans le (1) SI. Tr., XXII, 52Î. (2) Ibid., 823, 875. (3) Ibid., 910. Digitized by Google DE L’A iN G I, ETE III! K. 103 même cabinet. D’autres personnes qui se trouvaient dans le café les entendirent et intervinrent d’une façon vio lente et menaçante. Les deux amis furent mis entre les mains d’un constable; mais le docteur Hudson fut seul mis en jugement (1). Il fut déclaré coupable et condamné à deux ans d’emprisonnement et à 200 livres sterling d’amende (2). De telles poursuites n’avaient pas lieu seulement de vant les tribunaux supérieurs. Les magistrats, provoqués à la vigilance par la proclamation du roi, et partageant pleinement l’alarme générale, se montraient peu exi geants quant aux preuves de sédition; et, s’ils se trom paient dans l’excès de leur zèle, ils étaient certains d’être soutenus par les autorités supérieures (3). Tout discuteur' imprudent était donc à la merci de témoins en proie à la panique, de constables officieux, et de juges campa gnards. L’esprit du temps donna naissance à un autre moyen d’action, moyen dangereux pour la liberté de la presse et pour la sécurité de la vie domestique. Des sociétés volontaires s'établirent à Londres et dans tout le pays, afin d’aider le pouvoir exécutif à découvrir et à punir les écrits ou les propos séditieux. La première de ces asso ciations fut a la société pour la protection delà liberté et (1) L’acte d'accusation contre Pigott fut rejeté par le grand Jury. (2) SI. Tr„ XXII, 1019. ( 3i Un yeoman Ivre étant exhorté par un constable aussi Ivre que lui 4 se tenir tranquille au nom du roi, murmura : • Allez au diable et le roi aussi. > Il fut condamné par les fidèles sessions trimestrielles du Kent i un an de prison. Quelqu’un se plaignant au lord-chancelier Loughborough de cette sentence, il dit • que, pour sauver le pays de la révolution, il fallait maintenir l’autorité de tous les tribunaux, grands ou petits. • — Lord CampOelt's Lires of the Chanctllors, VI, 265. Procès devant les cours de ses sions trimes trielles. Sociétés volnn Uires pour réprimer la sé dition. Digitized by Google 16* IIISTOIHE CONSTITUTION, N El, LE de la propriété contre les républicains et les niveleurs.» Ces sociétés, soutenues par des souscriptions considéra bles, s’occupaient activement à recueillir les preuves de projets séditieux : ces preuves consistaient souvent en lettres anonymes; souvent aussi en rapports d’espions, libéralement récompensés de leur zèle. Elles devenaient pour ainsi dire des accusateurs publics, qui fournissaient au gouvernement la preuve d’offenses supposées, et l’ex citaient à la poursuite des criminels. Toute parole impru dente prononcée dans un club, sur une place de mar ché ou dans un cabaret, était rapportée à ces crédules alarmistes, et notée comme une preuve de désaffec tion. * De telles associations étaient contrairesà l’esprit de nos lois, en vertu desquelles la couronne a pour mission de remettre les criminels aux mains de la justice, tandis que le peuple, représenté par le jury, doit juger sans faveur ni préjugé, de leur culpabilité ou de leur inno cence. Mais alors le peuple était invité à faire cause commune avec la couronne contre les criminels, à réunir les preuves et à préjuger leur culpabilité. Comment donc des membres de ces sociétés pouvaient-ils concourir à la pure administration de la justice, en qualité de mem bres du jury et de juges de paix? Dans les campagnes en particulier, la justice était sujette à être faussée. Des cas locaux de sédition furent jugés aux sessions trimes trielles par des magistrats qui étaient à la tête de ces sociétés, et par des jurés qui, s’ils n’eri faisaient pas également partie , étaient fermiers ou voisins des juges. L’accusateur, le juge et le jury étant tous ligués contre le prévenu, dans un temps de panique, com ment un homme, quel qu’il fût, pouvait-il deman Digitized by Google DE L'ANGLETERRE. IC5 lier avec confiance à être jugé par ses pairs (1). En Écosse, les autorités étaient plus alarmées que le gouvernement anglais par la révolution française; leurs appréhensions étaient accrues par les actes de plusieurs sociétés pour la réforme démocratique, et par la réunion à Édimbourg d’une a convention de délégués des amis associés du peuple, » venus de différentes parties de l’An gleterre et de l’Écosse. La mission de ces délégués était de discuter les parlements annuels et le suffrage univer sel ; mais l’excitation des esprits les conduisit à l'extra vagance de langage et aux actes qui avaient caractérisé d’autres associations (2). Le gouvernement résolut de tenir tête à la démocratie et d’intimider la sédition; mais, dans cette période de panique, la justice elle-même était en défaut, et la loi était appliquée avec une sévérité qui faisait peu d’honneur aux cours et aux sentiments pu blics du pays. Quelques-unes des personnes impliquées dans des publications d’une nature compromettante, parvirent à se soustraire par la fuite à la juridiction des cours (3); celles qui restèrent, trouvèrent peu de justice ou de pitié (4). Thomas Muir, jeune avocat fort distingué, s’étant exposé au soupçon par son activité à soutenir la cause proscrite de la réforme parlementaire et par sa qua lité de membre de la convention des délégués, fut (Il Proceedings of the Friends of the Liberty ofthe Press, Jan. 1793. — Erskine’s Speeches, IV, 411. (2) Ann. Heg., 1791, p. 139. — State Tr., XXIII, 385 el seq., 398. (31 James Tytler, St. Tr , XXIII, 2. — Jolm Elder and William Stewart, Ibid., 25. — Jamea Smith and John Slennons, Ibid., 31. — James T. Callender, Ibid., 84. (4) Voir le procès de Walter Berry et de James Robertson, State Tr. XXIII, 79. Craintes >|u’inv pire en Écosse la démocratie. Procès de Muir, août 1793. Digitized by Google I«G HISTOIRE CONSTITUTIONNELLE appelé à comparaître devant la haute Cour de justice à Édimbourg, pour sédition. Chaque incident de ce procès marqua l’injustice et le cruel esprit de ses juges. En statuant sur la régularité de l’acte d’accusation, ils s’étendirent sur l’énormité des crimes imputés à l’ac cusé, crimes qui, selon eux, allaient presque jusqu’à la haute trahison; sur l’excellence de notre constitution (1) et les horreurs de la révolution française. Il était évident qu’à leurs yeux, toute tentative faite dans le but de corriger nos institutions était un crime. Tous les jurés, choisis par le shériiï et triés par le président de la cour (2), étaient membres d'une association siégeant à Goldsmith’s-Hall, qui avait effacé de son registre le nom de Muir comme celui d’un ennemi de la constitution. 11 fit remarquer que de tels hommes avaient déjà préjugésa cause, mais on lui dit qu’il pourrait faire la même objec tion à ses juges, puisqu’ils avaient juré de maintenir la constitution. Les témoins à charge ne parvinrent pas à établir qu’il eût prononcé des discours séditieux, et ren dirent tous témoignage à l’ardeur avec laquelle il avait conseillé le maintien de l’ordre et l'obéissance à la loi. Pendant tout le cours du procès, il fut insulté et menacé par les juges. Un témoin méprisable qui déposait contre lui fut « caressé par l’accusation et complimenté par la cour, » tandis qu’un de ses propres témoins fut lestement envoyé en prison pour avoir caché la vérité, sans que (1) Le tord juge clerc (lord BraxQeld) appelait la constitution • ta plus heureuse, la meilleure et la plus noble qu'il y ait au monde, • et disait qu’il • ne croyait pas possible d’en faire une meilleure. ■ SI. Tr., XXIII, 132. (?) Siale Tr., XIX, Un. — Coekhurn’s ilem., 87. Digitized by Google DK L’A i G LF. T ERRE. 107 Muir pût se faire entendre en sa défense; on lui dit qu'il «n’avait ni droit ni titre à se mêler de cette affaire.» Dans l'esprit des siècles passés, le lord-avocat dénonça Muir comme un démon desédition et de perversité. Il alla jusqu’à alléguer comme preuve de culpabilité, qu’on avait trouvé dans ses papiers une lettre adressée à M. Fyshe Palmer, qui allai! être jugé pour sédition I Muir se défendit dans un discours digne du talent et du courage qui allaient être écrasés par ce procès. Son éloquence lui fut de peu d’utilité. Il savait qu’il parlait à des hommes qui avaient jugé sa cause par avance ; mais il fit un noble appel au public et à la postérité, et il af firma qu'il était poursuivi en réalité pour avoir soutenu la réforme parlementaire. Le lord juge clerc, Braxfleld (1), confirma cette assertion, en déclarant au jury que c’était faire un acte séditieux que de prêcher, dans un temps d’agitation populaire, la nécessité de la réforme. Ce sa vant juge harangua aussi le jury sur la réforme parle mentaire. « L’intérêt territorial seul, dit-il, a le droit d’être représenté; quant à la populace , qui n’a que des propriétés mobilières, quelle prise le pays a-t-il sur elle? » Inutile de dire que le jury rendit un ver dict de culpabilité. Puis les juges répétèrent leurs réflexions sur l’énormité des crimes du prisonnier. Lord Henderland donna comme preuve des sentiments séditieux du peuple les applaudissements avec lesquels la noble défense de Muir avait été accueillie par un audi toire qui ne pouvait s’empêcher d’admirer son courage et son éloquence ; et, quoique sa seigneurie reconnût que (1) Hobert Mc. Quten de Braxfleld, lord Braxfleld, « fut le Jeffrey» de l'Écosse. » — «Qu'on m'amène plus de prisonniers, et je leur trou verai des articles de loi, « voilà le langage qu’il tenait, disait-on, au gouvernement. Lord Cockbum’s Ment. , I IB. 468 HISTOIRE CONSTITUTION N El, l.E cet incident ne devait pas aggraver la punition de Muir, elle conclut par une condamnation à quatorze ans de déportation. Lord Swinton dit qu'il voyait à peine en quoi le crime de Muir différait de la haute trahison, et il ajouta avec une férocité indigne d’un juge, chrétien : a Si nous voulions chercher un châtiment suffisant pour le crime de sédition, nous ne le trouve rions pas dans nos lois, aujourd’hui que la torture est heureusement abolie. » 11 adhéra h la sentence de déportation , en citant la loi romaine, où les séditieux « aut in furcam tolluntur , aut besliis objiciuntur , aut in insulam deportantur. » — « Nous avons choisi la plus douce de ces punitions, » dit sa seigneurie ! Lord Abercromby et le lord juge clerc déclarèrent que le pré venu était bien heureux de ne pas être condamné à mort, la peine des traîtres ; et ce dernier, faisant allusion aux ap plaudissements qui avaient accueilli le discours de Muir, avoua que cette circonstance n’avait pas peu agi sur lui dans le choix de la peine (1). Qu’était-ce sinon avouer que l’opinion publique de vait être réprimée et punie dans la personne de Muir, qui était alors sous la main de la loi? Ce fut ainsi que, sans même l’apparence extérieure d’un jugement équi table, Muir fut condamné à une peine d’une sévérité in justifiable, sinon illégale (2). (1) SI. Tr., XXIII, 1 18-238. — Lord CurnpbeWs Livei of the Chan cellors, VI, 201. Par rapport à ce procès, lord Cockburn dit : « Si, au lieu d'etre une cour suprême de justice, siégeant pour décider de la culpabilité ou de l’innocence, celte cour avait été une ancienne com mission nommée par la couronne pour procurer des condamnations, elle n’aurait pas eu grand’chose à changer i ses procédés judiciaires. » Memorial s, p. 100. * (2) Il est à peu pris établi que la loi écossaise n’autorisait pas la peine de la déportation pour crime de sédiUon, mais seulement te Digitized by Google DE L'ANGLETERRE. 169 Quelques jours après ce procès, le Rév. T. Fyshe Pal mer (i) comparut devant la cour de justice en circuit à Perth, pour crime de sédition. Il était accusé d’avoir fait circuler une adresse d’une « société des amis'de la liberté à leurs concitoyens. » Quelque vif que fût le langage (2) de la pièce , le seul but de cet écrit était d’amener une réforme de la chambre des communes, à la corrup tion et à la servilité de laquelle étaient attribués tous les maux dont il était fait mention. Son procès fut conduit avec moins de violence que celui de Muir, mais sans beaucoup plus d’équité. Eu statuant sur la régularité de l’acte d’accusation, les juges affirmèrent que l'écrit était séditieux, ce qu’ils prouvèrent surtout en combattant la vérité des propositions contenues dans la pièce. Les té moins à charge, qui déposèrent avec beaucoup de répu gnance, prouvèrent que Palmer n’était pas l’auteur de l’adresse; mais qu’il l’avait corrigée, en adoucissant un bannisse ment. La chose fut aftirmée & plusieurs reprises. En 1797, M. Fox dit que « non-seulement d'apres l’autorité des hommes les plus savants de ce pays, niais encore d’après les renseignements qu’il avait pu lui-même recueillir, il était convaincu qu'une semblable loi n'existait pas en Ecosse, et que ceux qui avalent agi conformément à cette loi supposée, auraient un jour à payer bien chèrement leur con duite. » Pari Hist., XXXIII, 61 S. | 27,209 |
https://github.com/mrjiyi/ef-orm/blob/master/common-orm/src/main/java/jef/database/wrapper/populator/ObjectPopulator.java | Github Open Source | Open Source | Apache-2.0 | 2,021 | ef-orm | mrjiyi | Java | Code | 188 | 969 | package jef.database.wrapper.populator;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Map;
import jef.database.DataObject;
import jef.database.DebugUtil;
import jef.database.IQueryableEntity;
import jef.database.LazyLoadProcessor;
import jef.database.dialect.type.ColumnMappings;
import jef.database.innerpool.InstancePopulator;
import jef.database.meta.ITableMetadata;
import jef.database.wrapper.result.IResultSet;
import jef.tools.reflect.BeanWrapper;
public final class ObjectPopulator implements InstancePopulator{
ITableMetadata clz;
Map<String,ColumnDescription> data;
int bindRowidForColumn;
LazyLoadProcessor processor;
public ObjectPopulator(ITableMetadata meta,Map<String,ColumnDescription> data){
this.clz=meta;
this.data=data;
}
/**
* @param wrapper
* @param rs
* @return true if there is any valid field for thie object.
* @throws SQLException
*/
public boolean processOrNull(BeanWrapper wrapper, IResultSet rs) throws SQLException {
boolean flag=false;
for(Map.Entry<String,ColumnDescription> entry:data.entrySet()){
String fieldName=entry.getKey();
ColumnDescription c=entry.getValue();
// Note: 使用getObject方法时，在Oracle 2008-2-2 10.2.4.0驱动下会变为getDate()，从而丢失时分秒。
Object obj=c.getAccessor().getProperObject(rs, c.getN());
if(!flag && obj!=null){
flag=true;
}
if(obj!=null){
wrapper.setPropertyValue(fieldName, obj);
}
}
if(bindRowidForColumn>0){
String rowid=(String)ColumnMappings.ROWID.getProperObject(rs, bindRowidForColumn);
((IQueryableEntity) wrapper.getWrapped()).bindRowid(rowid);
}
if(processor!=null){
DataObject da = (DataObject) wrapper.getWrapped();
DebugUtil.addLazy(da, processor);
}
return flag;
}
public void process(BeanWrapper wrapper, IResultSet rs) throws SQLException {
for(Map.Entry<String,ColumnDescription> entry:data.entrySet()){
String fieldName=entry.getKey();
ColumnDescription c=entry.getValue();
// Note: 使用getObject方法时，在Oracle 2008-2-2 10.2.4.0驱动下会变为getDate()，从而丢失时分秒。
Object obj=c.getAccessor().getProperObject(rs, c.getN());
wrapper.setPropertyValue(fieldName, obj);
}
if(bindRowidForColumn>0){
String rowid=(String)ColumnMappings.ROWID.getProperObject(rs, bindRowidForColumn);
((IQueryableEntity) wrapper.getWrapped()).bindRowid(rowid);
}
if(processor!=null){
DataObject da = (DataObject) wrapper.getWrapped();
DebugUtil.addLazy(da, processor);
}
}
public void setProcessor(LazyLoadProcessor processor) {
this.processor = processor;
}
public Object instance() {
return clz.instance();
}
public Class<?> getObjectType(){
return clz.getContainerType();
}
}
| 15,873 |
sn82014635_1890-06-06_1_4_1 | US-PD-Newspapers | Open Culture | Public Domain | null | None | None | English | Spoken | 7,187 | 9,859 | 5 4 iyi ffritfaqj ivmiutf, ffmxje 6, 1890, &w CY" jr. 31. ilL'nDOCK. raitor. It Beems as difficult to keep the cattle men outof tho strip as flies from a sugar bowl in summer. Secretary Nobie denies- that lie is about to resign-, and a thousand Hoosier hopes fall back to sullen servility. Judging from his appearance, Repre sentative Richard Yaux will not get the support of the barbers of his district. The Arizonia Indians have broken out again and are murdering settlers. "Why doesn't the Arizona Indian become ex tinct? An exchange calls attention to the fact that the question "Is it hot enough for your" has been omitted from the census interrogatories. Senator Teller, of Colorado, denies the report that he is a wealthy man. But he cannot deny that he has a very good name to "bank" upon. A Chicago investor who was coming to Kansas City with $1,000 in his inside pocket was relieved of it on the road. The robbery was premature. Emperor William has ordered Prince Bismarck to shut liis mouth. There are a great many things harder than death to a man in Bismarck's position. A bill has just passed tho Kentucky legislature making it unlawful to appear at church in a state of intoxication. This is rather ambiguously worded. There are sixteen negro jockeys in this country who get between three and eight thousand dollars a year apiece, on ac count of tho ability they have shown in settling the race problem. The end of the present session of con gress grows dimmer in the distance with every days adjournment. And so does conclusive legislation on some of the most important matters before congress. "With the farmers of the west and tho laboring people and busi ness men of tho easL all protesting against tho passage of the McKinley bill that measure would seem to be pretty much of an orphan thrown upon an un charitable world. The first victim of the new extradition treaty between Canada and the United States is an Oliio man. There seems to be an effort in the Buck-eye state to be recorded in the history of the present administration by some other fact than merely that of being the first state east of Indiana. The United Presbyterian assembly has requested tho president of these United States to incorporate in his Thanksgiving proclamation a proper recognition of Jesus Christ as supremo ruler of tho nation The assembly acted deploinatic nlly in putting such a request off until a Republican administration. The logical effect of the recent order in Boston requiring everybody who drinks to sit down while they are indul ging cannot but be to increase the con sumption of intoxicants and facilitate in toxication instead of suppressing either or both as was the ostensible design. Tho reason why is too patent to need to be stated. The Hartford Courant makes the sensi ble remark that it is a foolish piece of business to scold the supreme court for its decision in tho "original package" case. Tho court did not enact the de fective law it simply pointed out tho defect. Some people, however, will take comfort in swearing at the court when tho decision is against them. "Hitch your wagon to a star' is the motto of tho , Manhattan graduates. A wise motto as applied to tho journey in that direction and implying readiness at all times for tho trip. But the graduates will find that horses or mules, or even work cattle before the wagon will bo conducive to a good start when the time comes to make the liitch for the final trip. Tho Topeka and Salina original pack age cases will come up for hearing be fore Judge Foster in tho United States district court at Leavenworth today. The result is looked for with interest not oulyin thus state but throughout tho country, as upon tho decision depends tho action of tho civil authorities in deal ing with that trafiio pending action on the "Wilson bill by congress. Tho very urgent protest, presented to tho seuate finance committee by a large number of merchants and manufacturers of eastern cities, against the passage of the McKinley bill cannot fail to attract attention. And coupled with a similar remonstrance from the agriculturists of the wet it should have no little weight with the committee and the senate in the:r wark of reforming the bill. Pluckv Euiin Pasha, half blind and Eccrec ii covered from his illness, pushes his wr.y steadily into tho interior of YfriVi. Meantime other Africau ex plorers enjoy tiie pleasures of civiliza tion, are generously banqueted, write for the magazines and make speeches. Emin prefers work to words, although the others, in enlightening the world con cerning the dark continent, are doing abundant an important service. The political gossips about Washington City liave become so completely dis gruntled at the long continued amicable relations between tho president and his cabinet that they are almost desperate and are bound to kick up a rumpus in the administration family. A few days ago they had a break between the presi dent and Secretary Blaine worked up almost to the point of actual separation, but the secretary is still at Ids jwst com plaicently performing his duties in his usual even-tempered and satisfactory way. ov the gossips have Secretary of the Interior Noble on the eve of stop ping down and out, with the president in a waiting attitude for his resignation. There may be changes in the cabinet be fore tho end of the administration's term but there is no real ground for expecting I it ixb una nine. mi inose wno origin ate such canards the wish is evidentlv father to the thought. KANSAS' IMMUNITY FROM PESTS. Do our farmer friends ever compare their advantages with the opportunities of their eastern brethren? They certain ly do, for they are intelligent citizens, but we never relax our interest and often speak of them for the benefit of our distant readers. Just now a new pest has appeared in parts of the east that destroys the meadows and pastures; It is a small worm that feeds upon the grass. Only a few years ago such a pest appeared there that worked beneath the surface and ate the roots leaving above the surface a dead and dry mat, necessitating the plowing up of all fields where they appeared. Our prairies have never failed to produce an abundance of rich pasturage and liay. Another item by way of comparison: our meadows do not have to be top dressed with ex pensive fertilizers to get them started; hence we would not meet so great a loss as the eastern farmer even if visited by those pests. "With the exception of the grasshoppers one or two seasons several years ago Kansas farmers have never been seriously annoyed with insect pests in their crops. A VOLUME IN ONE SENTENCE. He who utters a great truth in one brief expression is like the great general who through one well planned move ment of his army brings victory to his cause and eternal fame to himself. But a single good thought born of greatness is a legacy to mankind, imperishable, and is greater than that which often fade3 away and is soon forgotten. As an illustration of what a volume can bo brought forth in a single utterance let us take Horace Greeley's advice of, "Go west, young man." How many have read these few words and followed im plicitly and confidently their simple yet valuable direction. What did the great commoner mean when he said this? His great mind had undoubtedly grasped the situation in thp over-crowded east, and beheld with equal clear ness the great undeveloped west, where the fullness of the earth knew no limitation, where boundless prairies rolled away in the magnificent distance, and where mountains with their treas ures of precious metals vied with the val ley s ncii and productive in soil, in pro viding labor and the promise of a just and liberal reward. But tickle the virgin soil and bounteous recognition of tho husbandman's skill springs forth; and let the miner strike deep his pick and drill into the towering cliff and the echo is heard in the great mints of the world. Horace Greely knew what untold wealth awaited development in the great west and directed the young man full of energy and brawn to come hither and seek a new home and certain reward. Ho came, and how many have found tho rich heritage of this good old man! How many have found both fame and fortune, while if they had remained in the east naught but a scanty existence would liave been the reward for incessant toil. No more fitting example of the effect of following this advice of the age can be found than in our glorious state and our own fair Wichita. Many of our leading men less than a score of years ago, left their eastern homes and friends to seek a new home and carve out for themselves a firm foothold in the numer ous field of business, aud success crown ed their efforts far beyond their most saungino expectations, and wealth and mitold luxury surround them, and they find boundless pleasure in a happy reality. To the young men of the east we say come west! Come to Wichita, and in beholding what a city can bo built in a few years, you but witness what can bo accomplished in a brief space of time by individual effort. Tho profuse display of confederate flags at Richmond on the occasion of tho dedication of tho Lee monument may liave been considered as evidence of a lack of wholehearted loyalty to the Union, but the action of those same people in raising 00,000 cash the same day towards completing tho proposed monument to General Grant in New York showed that their admiration for the grand hero of tho union cause has not abated one whit by lapse of time nor apparently adverse circumstances. The secretary of the state board of agriculture of Maine reports that the de cline in tho price of farming laud in that state has been fully 50 per cent dur ing the last twenty years, and 33 per cent of the shrinkage has taken place within tho past decade. At present there is no demand for farming land at any price. The same conditions are re ported to exist to an equal extent in sev eral eastern states. What has been their loss has been a relative gain to tho west. But nothing could be more natural. Self interest is the great mainspring to human action. THE NATIC AL GUARD. From Uvo K. C Star. "In a well organized militia lies the' safety of the republic." The first troops that reported at Washington in 18G1 were militia; the Eighth New York and the Sixth Massachusetts, the latter attacked by a mob during its march through Bal timore. The majority of soldiers who fought at the first battle of Bull Run were militaa, whoeo commanders in many instances afterwards became fa mous generals, and great numbers of its rank aud file wore "the stars" before tho war ended. By the militia the union was saved. Congress during Mr. Lincoln's admin istration passed u most comprehensive bill organizing the national guard, hence, since that time, very properly, our state troops are no longer called militia. It is alleged that the measure was inspired by William H. Seward, and of course the title was taken from the guarde nationale of France. Perhaps because of its foreign extraction the name has not been so generally adopted by the masses, nor has the organization re ceived that attention and care by the states that it merits. Certainly the representative companies camped in Kansas City today, are as fine looking and intelligent an assemblage of young men as are to be found anywhere; "whose manner and bearing show" that esprit du corps which characterizes the efficient soldier of any nation, and of whom any commonwealth may be justly proud. The states generally should be more lilerai in their appropriations for main taining our national guard, and keep it up to that standard where it properlv is a reflex of the military prestige of the country, and in case of trouble it mav be depeuded upon to promptly respond, as the old militia did so nobly in the na tion's emergency. SUNFLOWER There are between three and four hun dred Kansans in Paris at pressnt Paris, Texas. The state senators who have a vote in the senatorial velection next winter are feeling bigger every day now. A man by the name of Gerow has been mentioned in connection with the editor ial chair of the Atchison Champion. Yfednesday was the anniversary of the hanging of Oliphant at Topeka. Since then burglary there has never been what it was. Tho Atchison Globe informs the world that it is predicted that D. R. Anthony will be a resubmissionist before the close of the summer. The Second district will have its con gressional convention arranged for on the 17th. The Seventh district convention will he held on the 30th of next month. The Barb6r county farmers have passed resolutions refusing to support lawyer candidates for judge. Here is one case where the lawyers are at the wrong end of the "resolve." Jim Legate spends his time in Wash ington lobbying for the deep water project. He is paid $300 a month by the promoters of the scheme, and ho has a good time, says a paper that ought to know. There are storms on all sides of Kansas, terrific gales, floods and electrical disturb ances, yet Kansas has not been touched. Divine mercy probably regards the politi cal storm enough for the Sunflower al ready. Marion county suffers the blot of an En glish nobleman who will not permit the merchants to sell his tenants goods nor to purchase their produce until he has re ceived full rental. Let us thank heaven there is almost as few English noblemen in Kansas as there are nubbins. Congressman Perkins wants all of tho Republican farmers in his district to join the Farmers' Aliiance so that it may be governed by wite and patriotic counsels and be kept out of politics. IMr. Perkins probably feels, however, that if they must go into politics, he could point out to them the man who should have their support. "We know of a straDge coincidence. Some three years ago a man from Clinton, Ken., named Graham moved with his family to Kingman county, ne did not dwell in Kansas satisfactorily, because of an in ordinate dread of cyclones on his wife's part and her dislike for the state because of its reputation in that way. His eldest daughter, besides, during his residence in the state was in continual apprehension of being scalped by the Indians for which misfortune she had a special dread. Mother and daughter by their dissatisfaction final ly prevailed on Graham to return to his old home in Kentucky. This was about a year ago. Six months ago the town of Clinton was struck by a cyclone, the Graham house was completely demolished, and Mrs. Graham met her death in the very way she had left Kansas to avoid, and the still stranger part was that a fly ing timber struck the daughter and sever ed her scalp. The daughter recovered but is disfigured. Graham himself was hurt and is still prostrate. The alumni catalogue of the State Uni versity, just issued, gives the whole num ber of graduates at 233, of whom 14U are men and 87 are women. Of these, 04 of the men aud 42 of the women are mrrried. Of degrees there are: Bachelors of arts, 1?9; bachelors of science, 59; bachelors of didactics, 19; bachelors of civil engineer ing, 8; doctors of science, 1; doctors of phi losophy, 1; of these the number counted twice is 21. Their residences are distri buted as follows: Kansas, 142; Missouri, 13; Colorado, S; Washington, G; District of Columbia, 9; Texas, 5; Illinois, 5; Penn sylvania, 4; Indian territory, 4; California, Indiana, New York, Montana aud Ne braska, 3 each; New Mexico, Utah, Massa chusetts and Ohio, 2 each; and Arizona, Michigan, Maryland, Mexico and China, 1 each. Six only are on the roll, of the dead. As to occupations they are distributed as follows: Teachers, oj; lawyers, 32; civil engineers, 17; journalists, 10; ministers, 10; students, 1G; physicians, S; merchants, G; farmers, G; mi-cellaneous, 25. Of these 12 were counted twice. TO PENSIONERS. Dear Sir: A letter from the com missioner of pensions informs me that no additional fund can be given to those now on hand, until after July 1, the be ginning of the next fiscal year. We shall begin the pavment on Wednes day, June 4, with about $1,000,000. Af ter five days the funds will be exhausted. Pensioners can send in their vouchers, but it Avill bo useless for them to write letters, as we will send out the checks as soon as we have money. No originals or increases can be paid until the new ap propriation is available. Pensioners can execute the voucher and forward it to this agency, where it will be placed on file, and payment made as soon as funds are received. Further correspondence is unnecessary. Will papers over this district please copy and oblige, B. Kelly. NEWSPAPER WORK. From tho Omaha Republican, Once a newspaper man always a news paper man. First Assistant Postmaster General Clarkson is another illustration of this truism. Only a few months have intervened since he was grinding away at the editorial de-k, yet he is already lired of official life aud yearning for journalistio work once more. Why is it that newspaper toil is so attractive? Why is it that after one enters the service one never wishes to leave it? It is not be cause the work is light, for newspaper men work longer hours than any other class of toilers. And it is not because of the compensation, for heaven knows they are paid little enough. That which holds men in the service is something altogether different from these things. It is sentiment and love of work. No man can render efficient service unless he likes his employment, aud the love which the writer for the press bears to ward his mistress and her service is more than love. It is devotion. A man does not adopt journalism simply as a means of livihood; but because his incli nation and tastes draw him in that direction. He feels that he is specially fitted for news)aper work, and when he once takes up the pencil he never wants to lay it down: There is a mysterious inspiration and fascination about the work, and he who adopts the profession throws his whole soul into it. If there is any enthusiasm in a man it manifests itself at once. His task, though often heavy, is a pleasure. He is at once interested, zealous, enthusiastic. Though the pay may be small and his hours long he is never discouraged and never wearies. He has taken the oath of al legiance and he stands by his colors through thick and thin. His service is a life service, and. notwithstanding the drudgery, the newspaper man is nearly always light-hearted and lmppy. Noth ing troubles him. It is difficult to explain just whenn the fascination lies. Ask one of the toil ers one who works while other men sleep, whose life is literally given up to his business why lie doesn't seek easier and pleasanter employment. He will tell you, simply, that he is contented that he likes . the work. And herein must be the secret Why he likes it lie is seiuom aoie to ten you. A newsDavJ per man's life is full of variety and ac tivity. Every day brings something en tirely different and new, and awakens new thoughts and new ideas. It is full of responsibilities and cares, and each toiler has the consciousness that he has a distinct and important place to fill that his work is necessary and valuable. All of these things tend to keep up interest and enthusiasm. And then the fact that he can see his finished work before him each day is of itself an inspiration and an incentive to redoubled efforts. If his work is meritorious he is commended. His ambition is aroused and he strives to accomplish loftier and higher tilings. The journalist stands on an elevation and watches and records the doings of others. After being a spectator and a critic he dislikes to get down from his perch and be lost in the surging mass. THE SILVER QUESTION. Anent the current discussion of tho silver question, a question that occupies so prominent a place in the public esti mation; and further, the popular demand for some decisive legislation by congress in line with the requirements of the times from the point of view of the gen eral and pressing needs of the business of the country; and still further, in view of the popular favor with which the bill in troduced in the senate a few days ago by Mr. Plumb, know as the St. John bill, the following statement of the situation prepared by the author of the bill, at the suggestion of the New York Chamber of Commerce, will be read with interest and will help to a more compre hensive understanding of the question and its involvings as to the money ques tion and the goverment's obligation and duty in the premises: 'Nations trade with commodities, and only in a balance of trade is title acquir ed to gold and silver, esteemed as money. H Europe in any season shall establish a balance of trade against the United States, which others of commodities will not acceptably make good to her, she may exercise her right to command our gold, uninfluenced by this proposed en actment or any other act of ours respecting silver. On tho other hand, as from time to time the foreigner shall establish a title to a por tion of our gold, it will be of prime con cern to us that we have provided a suffi ciency of money acceptable as legal ten der hero and abundant for our wants in our vast domestic trade. Twelve million increase of population and the creation of four new states indicate domestic trade expansion in the last ten years. The act proposed, being in result the same as though we opened our mints to free coinage of the standard dollar, will enhance the price of silver and maintain it at parity with our mint fixed price in all the markets of tho world. British India's mints are open to her legal ten der rupees upon the payment of her seigniorage charge of 2 per cent. There fore, to enhance the price of silver in all markets is by so much to increase the cost in gold to Europe of the commodi ties which, in the balance of trade, In dia's money buys. Thus to add about o0 per cent to the gold cost in Europe of India's legal tender rupees is, to some portion of that 30 per cent, to enhance the price at which Europe can profit ably receive and pay for United States supplies of products now supplied by India. What this may mean may bo surmised from the fact that India last year exported 32,000,000 worth of wheat as against our exjxtrt of 44,000,000 worth of the same. There fore the proposed enhancement of the price of silver will tend to increase our exports and establish for us a credit bal ance in trade with Europe; and therefore tend to establish for us a title to Europe's gold. "The perilous inadequacy of new gold supplies, if gold alone is to be relied upon as the world single full tender money, ought to be evident from the fact that all nations have supplemented their total volume of both gold and silver money with paper issues additional. Tho world's annual production of gold aver ages about 101,000,000, and the annual coining and recoining of gold averages S140,000,000. Yet tho world's art-use of gold, absorbing over 70,000,000, leaves less than 30,000,000, annually as the sum of new gold from the mines appli cable to the world s increase of money. France, conspicuous among nations for her shrewdness in finance, has a total sum of money exceeding 2,030 million dollars, or 500 million dollars more than our to tal sum of money afloat, in bank and in the treasury of the United States, and this for use of 27,000,000 fewer than we count, and all embraced in a territory lets than one-sixteenth the area of the United States. France lias 270,000,000 more gold than wo have, 100,000,000 more paper money and 230,000,000 more of silver. Yet France is the natural ac cumulator of tho dear gold of other na tions, she importing last year (to Febru ary 1S90) a total net sum of gold exceed ing 30.000.000. "With China absorbing about half of Mexico's silver almost as rapidly as corned; with India still greedy to in crease her hoard of treasure "gold and silver'' upon an accumulation during tho last forty-six years already exceeding in value 2,070,000,000 made up in part bv silver imports in 18S7 26,000,000, 18SS 29,000,000.000, 1S9 40,000,OOo; with South America also frequentlv a buyer last year; with the United States last year consuming for coinage about one half the silver proposed in this enact ment, it may astonish some to learn that after the year's production (Calendar 1S89), the greatest of any single year in the world's whole history, tho great dis tributing silver markets, London, New York, and San Fjancisco, being asked in February last to state their supplies of silver quoted, ''stocks of silver nominal.'' "The weight of pure silver contained in our present standard coin is the same as that prescribes for our dollar of 1 1 92, the free coinage of which continued to be allowed until 1S73. That this old privilege of free coinage was much neg lected was due to Europe's over-valuing of silver, compared with gold, by which Europe's mints were a better market for our silver than our own. The closing of our own and Luropes mints to silver and subsequent only partial reopening of ours, while all tho time all mints havo been open to gold, has increased the purchasing power of gold unquestiona bly. And tne inference is fair that if without any better treatment of silver by the worid than now.the world's mints were closed to gold, the annual excess of about S2S,000,000 of gold production more than the arts consume would scon depress the price of gold, measured in silver, to a point where gold would be cheap enough for a greatly extended use in industries."' Perplexities of the 'Phone. From Ui? New Yerlfc Star. A business like woman to whom a friend in New York was showing the wonders of long distance telephoning the other day. was asked whom she would liave called up in Philadelphia, and she promptly named the shop of the postmaster-general. In due rime a reply was received, awl the lady, being asked "what she had to communicate, asked with un mistakable earnestness whether she could match a piece of black mohair bought of the P. M. G. more tliau a year ago. The polite but astonished at tendant answered that he would see," but at last accounts he had cot "seen." STAY IN KANSAS. From the Wallace County Gazette. A three weeks' visit to the much ad vertised northwest has entirely cured us of a desire to change our location to either Utah, Idaho, Wyoming, Oregon, or even the much over rated Puget Sound country. Neither of the places above montioned can compare in the slightest particular with western Kansas. The people in Washington and Oregon are wild with the real estate speculation fever. In the Puget Sound country ev ery five acre tract has been made a town site, but no surrounding country to back it. In every case eastern investors have been made victims. They have been let in on the "ground floor" only to be drop ped into the cellar. In western Washington, in your effort to clear a farm of its timber and rubbish, after twenty years of hard work you will have only ten acres cleared and a broken back for your trouble. The towns are all overdone and idle laboring men is the rule. In Wyoming and Idaho the plains are dotted with dead and putrid cattle, owing to the long, pro tracted and severe winters and scarcity of feed. Stay right here. You are a thousand times better off than the peo ple of the northwest. OKLAHOMA OUTLINES. How is the Guthrie and Reno railroad getting along? A Payne man claims to have the best spring in Oklahoma. Many of the Oklahoma papers are pub lishing the "herd law." The Territorial Advocate wants its coun ty to be called "Beaver." During this little lull, let us take time to ask how Frank Gillette is getting along. The Frisco Herald didn't die as was re ported it would do, but is looking better than ever. Sid Clarke is down in Oklahoma. There are few people in Oklahoma who do not know this. The young people of Beaver have a lawn tennis club. Beaver isn't so much "west" as it used to be. Fall City is not a very big town, but it is growing. It has two store, one black smith shop and drug store. At Hennessey tho summer strawberry and ice cream social has taken the place of the dance and the oyster supper. There is not half the number of men in Oklahoma who wear their pantaloons in boots that there was a year ago. The Kingfisher Journal has formally an nounced that it is a Republican paper and that it will stand by Republicans. It does look "powerfully" like four, at least, of the seven of town site boards will be filled by outside appointments. The governor's private secretary has one distinction over tho territorial officers. He has a "professor" before his name. Some of the Oklahoma schools are just closing. They have held out pretty well. Next year Oklahoma will havo graduates. A preacher of the territory bears the name of Breedlove. It must be hard to live up to a name like this in the territory among tho present multitude of candi dates. The flag carried before the procession it Kingfisher, Decoration Day, belonged to "Jake" Admire and was carried at the head of Captain Admire's company dur ing the war. The statutes of Arkansas are now in full operation in the Indian territory, and Judge Shackleford has within a week past, assessed several fines for their viola tion. Tho disturbers of the peace seem to be the most numerous before the bar of justice. Tho way the town of Alfred happened to have its name changed is explained: Zack Mulhall, a Cherokee strip cattleman, had a contest on the townsite, but offered to withdraw it if in consideration the town changed its name to "Mulhall" and he be given a certain number of lots. Oklahoma City Journal: The coat, of arms for Oklahoma shonld represent the white man and the red man clasping hands. Heretofore it has been uuial to represent the red man retreating with the advance of civilization, but here in Okla homa the races will mingle, and will soon be found working together for the up building of a great state. In the local columns of the Democrat to day is published the touching story of Louis Tesson, once the chief of the rem nant of the tribe of Iowa Indians, whose reservation is in Brown county, Kansas. If we understand Tesson 's case rightly, he is a patriot among patriots. He believes that tor his tribe to part with their lands means early extinction of tho tribe. In tho heat of a controversy upon this sub ject ten years ago he is accused of having slain another chief who favored allotment in severalty and the sale of the balance of the reservation. For ten years Tesson lias been a fugitive from justice. Away off, in the wilds of Cnnada, he hears that a new chief has been elected and that nego tiations for the sale of the Iowa reserva tion have been reopened. Still strong in the belief that this means the ruin of his people ho returns and surrenders himself to the federal authorities, stipulating that he shall be released on bonds lone: enough to once more lift up his voicein tho councils of his nation tagainst the measure he formerly condemned. For the sake of preventing the lowas from following a suicidal policy, Louis Tesson is willing to risk his life and is going to do so. If there is loyalty greater than this it has not been recorded. It approaches the sublime de votion of tho humble Nazarine himself. The one tho act of the Son of God, tho other that of an untutored savage. Topeka Democrat. EXCHANGE SHOTS. A Fortunate State. From the Atchison Globe. Heaven is very kind to Kansas. It rains at the right time, and when it doesn't rain it showers down meteors on Kansas farms that sell for a 1 ,000 apiece. Slightly Incomjruvial. From Emporia Republican. Kansas people may not like to answer all the census questions but they do not throw beer glasses at the enumerators like New York people do. Kansas has no beer glasses. The World's Population. The Mongolians lead with about 630, 000.000, and the Aryans, which com prise practically all the peopleof Europe; four-thfths of those of the American con tinent and all of the civilized residents of Australia, come next, with 545.000,000. The negroes are put at 350,000,000, the Semitic people at 65,000,000. the Malays and Polynesians at 35,000,000, and the Indians of North and South America at 15,000,000. Hot Like I From the Arkaatas City Traveler. The stereotyped remark of the Kansas City Times that "the outlook for the Democrats in Kansas is more promising than ever before'" reminds us of the Kansas attorney who. having labored long and faithfully to collect a bill, re turned the statement to his client with the quotation, "Your debtor k the most promising man of my acquaintance. You will, however, have the satisfaction of knowing that somebody k in debt to vou. K&3 Heard from the Farmers. Frota tfe CbSc&co H-s-ilcL fc-enator LaviB had latroaucea a. pro- l poH&d amendment to the tariff bill strik- j mg off th tariff ol It cents per pound t-u UIIHUU fc USV A.UU WilIIH - vu. uic free list. Dave has evidently heard something from the farroerh of his state. He lives in Minnesota, and the tax on binding twine, of -winch she wheat grow ers n hnsdretb of toas every harvest, is a very tender point -witfe te agrieel twist of that regiOB. ; SPECIAL SALS At 6S cents per yard Regular price A new line of Windsor Scarfs, all Silk Pongee, Otto man and Satin Striges, Stripe Crepes de Chine Grina dines. Very cheap. XeV table linens, bleached and unbleached, lunch cloths, tray cloths and napkins. jSTew challies, 36 inches "vride, only 15 cents per yard. White House of Junes k Ross. S. W. COKNOER DOUGLAS AYE. AND ilABKET ST. Hot Weather Dress Goods. Challies at 5 cents a yard, in beautiful designs and choice colors. Challies at 10 cents a yard, these have been reduced from 15 cents. All wool challies at 20 cents a yard. These liave been sold all season at 33 cents, but we want to close them out. India linens as low as 4 cents a yard, they are good values. White Dress goods in stripes, plaids and "lace effects, from 5 to 25 cents a yard. Larse assortment of stvles. White Swiss embroideried gain. An extra bargain in Mens' cents. They are well worth 75. We can not sell you the cloth at the same price we sell the ready made shirts at. We uar rantee them extra well made. They are on display in our west window. Look at them. Remember our millinery department is haadquarters for bargains in ladies' and childrens' hats. jC-L. A nice little light suit, just the thing to play in, worth $1,50 for 75 cents. A neat boxplaited suit, good Yalue at $2 now $1,23. An extra strong suit, nicely made up, cheap at $2.25, now $1. 33. A bplendid suit for Sunday wear, well worth 82.00, now$ 1 .44 An extra nice dress 422 EAST DOUGLAS Hopelessly Hopeful. From the K. C. btar. It is a rather curious fact that the dif ference in Vermont between Fremont's plurality in 1856 and llarribon s plurality m lfc"8 was only fifty-three votes. Yet, in spite of this political fcteadfastness, the Vermont Democrats liave mapped out a plan for an aggressive campaign. The Vermont Democrat, with a dreary past and a hojeles6 future, id at least entitled to the respect and admiration of hia party associates. MOHAMMEDAN WOtii&N IN AFRICA, Da-rid Ker Describes tho Jealous "Watch- fnlscs Tlioy I.-ive Ijmlrr. Copyright by Aaertoan Trtm Mmtrittioo. Tradition tells of an iocxwnt country youth from the weat,f BngkuMi wko, having made the vn.uxl trip to PalstiH, and Teiu fwkefl on his return what ha thought of the eastern waioeii w con pared, with those of Eurwpe, juwwored simply, "Are there any woaca ia those coHntries? I never w any there my self." Tkis indeed is what the average tourist's experience of MohautHHsdaB la di usually amocats to, and it is a truly exkilarating spectacle to behald some Eprnre voting spark from Leada er Pans xhiHrm hi airs and frrace in frent of the grated casement -which he supposes to mask a greap ef levely GfI nares and Lflla, when the ooly wewan wh ia there to leek at him ie aa uly old hlack slave -witheot a teeth in her h&vi, wae is syr&eAas ut && reema fer tha day. In countries like Trrjxii, Tunis aad Jforooco, -wfesre lfbauaiaii bigotry seems te have found i last aad- iat ispregaabie stro&giMiid. the ecHMtaa f the sex is naturally nere rig&reas taan tte-swiere. In cvry Moslem t7m of North Africa yen en hne, maaatTe Ktcne bniliing t&wering higk abeve tihe fHtbv, ttnnMed&wn barre'JS areoad it. and yon ar- tekl that this ia ta house of &OZQ6 native pence or "Besmfe" (grandee), and that befaind tie snail, grated TrioSews -which are vibic far up in ita 2agn, blank, Huswon hie wall the ispriaoacd beaaMes of hid Lorecn are psiag eras at that ayw&Arioas ou&rsr world vr!ua tlry, 5k sJl erkiat&l w& mcn. fee ely as a pee axrr. When vm ef &- "!Hlfs great xb" ad5 z&e&ersjxGJQea to tla ssaxema of caged hirds u a. takaa a new -wife ym can, if yea choose, vri&im the gresar part of tba manias cs-eswaie-s. sarh &s the-v are. Ytn. caa a tle ciifortu&at villagers from tfce bnaVs native 4itrrt 5Hng over the kills in a bet sod daety prcccssWa, ladsn 'with the -w&hag pres ents rspon -enrich Utep aro Icseed t-vraste as atcch mattef aea atentJrfe&srd labor ceroid earn. Yec cats watch tkewiifcs ejeaksd. tad rirdieti heeaeaaeo of tits THE FAMOUS" i -OF At 73 cents per vard. $1.00 per yard. fiouncings at 10 cents, A big bar- Ontinsr shirts this week aft aa o .JL k. .jlZL. -J- 8 SPECIALS suit, elegantly made up, worth $3.5o, goes at $2.37. A full assortment of stylish dress suits for boys from 4 to 14 in worsteds, cheviofcls, cassirncrcs. Knee pants from 19 cents up. Children's vacation waists two for 25 cents. STAPH 18 V I r 1 1 I rlni 3 ne-Price Clothing Go. AYE. S. GOLDSTEIN. Bassaa's guard circling at fart gallop nroaad the Bridal train, aheit&lng thotr astivo warry aad fiaag-tssir leag rifles in the aiit, -while the cloud of snieka tstat owl aseund this daman dance give quite an uaeasshiy sapest t Uw dark, iicrce faces and tearing arifiratthey loom spoeirallythrosgh it. Yen caaieek yenr fill at the red cap ped feet soldi exs moving in a rhytkraie dance hef oro the eyea of their mastar, in time to tii oasienot of a slow, dirgo lib) chant rad the- fetep booming roll of the Moorish dnun, toting their $una into th air and catching thcin Again at every tp. But tdl that you will pen of tha bride herlf in a large covered sitter girthed en the bock of a horse or a camel, beMad tk eabroirM cnrtoiiw of which, deafened with the hideous p rear, sicked by tiie stench of bnraed pewdrr, ter&urad by a HpliUing headache, bad net partioolarly consoled by tho prospot of a life long iraprfeoamoni with an Bffry eld fat rata for her jaflor, Hes the poor girl Sn honor of whose mis ery all tkis fcas fa bring made. Te sorb a pitch of ynUmti watchful neas is this vtrate system carried tfcai the mere sosaioioa ef a wish on the parfc of any foreigner to approach er even to leek pesaingfy at Modem woman baa often cent teat fovngner his lift. I my self, wble ramUiag arenad the eatsklrts of a -joubUor fftrttstf asaeng tho MBn borarg the Baaara desert, hsppoo"d to feUow a goai patsi which UMrswd to offer me a abort cot back to the town and snddoaiy fond xay&df ia the ieidt of a 8tcaiap Thich and been pttcbod in a feetkrw aX the feet ef the predpiee en whw-h he fertrwa wtood. Inxtantly a tali, boar, sage Woking Arsb-steTkfed forth from t& Trot fat, aad. with an tsaiaons rasttoa of hts gaunt fasown bond toward the hang dagger in Ms erkneoa girf steraJy demanded what I vrza do ing tkere. i explained at onea, bt J.. coald e pssiaiy tkac tae weriajr barbs nac did act believe a word I said, and tb&t, bad be tc&o-xnd Inn own inclina tion, he weald have rJtted me there and then. Iatk Kiiy- AaeOier Jrtonurrh TaJce Lj tko Tarn. Oeesr JX, Kiog ul JTTfidea sad Xwtwst, astssber ef tke FsM-ik ntte, Im cctxz wwres, bnu i&rttun thm t&akitra eeo trfenska to e2rt"-)prfMr? tttntfnre la a iB&azbv wrtioJe ea Gkarks XII Tb&i be 4zntrH Uz cre&t prdwer bs btrr& by this fjatirant frra the mxy Tfc memory of Ckarks Xll te wary SwwJ. his &sro Lunoa t&remtvet tJ&c world, bis bltary riah la rTrtfnl risfewittii, ae4 bis p.rJtuiiHr am rsiteiM &r been vstioaary jaSrd, iewi&Hv it fe with tl feflt C Tfctei, ikt Ksrariagfod -with twpWiXea, 'Jkmt I T.jsAxxr to mtxasxupt to feg&96 the trw elsarmatoref &e JUco 17 f IbeXeetiL". | 2,608 |
https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control%20Denied | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Control Denied | https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Control Denied&action=history | Turkish | Spoken | 147 | 393 | Control Denied, 1996'da Chuck Schuldiner'ın daha melodik çalışmalar yapmak için kurduğu grup. Chuck'ın bu grubu kurmasından sonra yaptığı bir açıklamada Death'i ikinci plana atacağını söylemesi ve vokale başkasını getirtmiştir. Tek albümü olan The Fragile Art of Existence çıkardıktan sonra 2. albüm için çalışmalarına devam ettiler. Chuck Schuldiner'in durumu kötüye gitmesi nedeni ile kayıtları eve aldılar. Maalesef Chuck çok istediği 2. albümü çıkartamadan öldü. Bu da Control Denied'in sonu olmuştu. Chuck'ın 2. albüm için yaptığı çalışmalar ile birlikte Death'ten demo şarkılar 2004'te Zero Tolerance albümü ile piyasaya sürüldü.
Diskografisi
A Moment of Clarity (demo) (1997)
The Fragile Art of Existence (1999)
Üyeler
Chuck Schuldiner - Gitar (1996 - 2001), Vocals (1996-1998)
Steve DiGiorgio - Bas (1999-2001)
Shannon Hamm - Gitar (1997-2001)
Tim Aymar - Vokal (1998-2001)
Richard Christy - Bateri (1997-2001)
Chris Williams - Bateri (1996)
Scott Clendenin - Bas (1997-1999)
Amerikalı müzik grupları
1996'da kurulan müzik grupları | 23,735 |
US-201815943624-A_2 | USPTO | Open Government | Public Domain | 2,018 | None | None | English | Spoken | 6,931 | 8,470 | In some examples, the graph 400 shown in FIG. 4 may be an LDPC graph having dimensions less than that necessary to produce the minimum codeword length utilized in a wireless communication network (e.g., the radio access network 100 shown in FIG. 1). A group of related LDPC graphs may be represented by one of the related LDPC graphs, which may be referred to herein as an “LDPC base graph.” For example, an LDPC base graph may be representative of those LDPC graphs having a number of bit nodes K_(b) (columns in the matrix) within a particular range of bit node numbers (e.g., x<=K_(b)<=y, where x and y define the minimum and maximum number of bit nodes within the group of related LDPC graphs). In some example, the LDPC base graph is the LDPC graph having the maximum number of bit nodes within the group of related LDPC graphs.
To produce an LDPC graph corresponding to a desired information block length K and code rate R, each of the entries in the LDPC matrix representing the LDPC graph may be lifted (e.g., replaced with another matrix) by a lift size Z (e.g., K_(b)*Z=K). For example, if the LDPC graph is represented by a 3×3 matrix and a lift size Z of three is applied to the LDPC graph, the resulting lifted matrix is a 9×9 matrix. In effect, lifting is a technique for generating a relatively large LDPC code from multiple copies of a smaller code. The largest lift size Z_(max) represents the largest degree of parallelism that may be achieved per edge in the LDPC graph, corresponding to the largest information block length K_(max) for an LDPC graph.
The decoder may be implemented to calculate at least one group of P edge messages in parallel. In some examples, the value of P is equal to or greater than the level of parallelism required to reach peak throughput. For example, P may be equal to the largest lift size Z_(max) that is used in the peak throughput case. In one example, to achieve a maximum information block length (K_(max)) of 8192 bits, the corresponding maximum lift size (Z_(max)), and thus, degree of parallelism P, may be equal to 320 to achieve a peak throughput of 20 Gb/s. However, when the lift size Z is less than P, some of the decoding hardware resources may be idle and not utilized. For example, as K, and in turn, the lift size Z, become smaller, decoder resource utilization efficiency and throughput may decrease.
In various aspects of the disclosure, two or more LDPC base graphs may be designed, each having a different range of graph dimensions (e.g., different ranges of numbers of bit nodes) to improve decoder resource utilization at smaller values of K. Therefore, each LDPC base graph may support a different information block length range (e.g., K_(low) to K_(high)). In addition, each information block length range may overlap.
In some examples, a baseline LDPC base graph may be designed to cover all or a large portion of information block lengths and code rates utilized in a wireless communication network. The baseline LDPC base graph may then set the largest information block length K_(max) and largest lift size Z_(max) for the encoder and decoder. One or more additional LDPC base graphs may further be designed to cover one or more subsets of the information block lengths and code rates. In some examples, the additional LDPC base graphs may overlap with the baseline LDPC base graph, but may also cover other information block lengths outside of the information block length range covered by the baseline LDPC base graph. For example, at least one of the LDPC base graphs may include lower information block lengths than those included in the information block length range associated with the baseline LDPC base graph.
In some examples, each of the additional LDPC base graphs supports all of the same code rates as the baseline LDPC base graph. In other examples, one or more of the additional LDPC base graphs may support a subset of the code rates or one or more different code rates. For example, based on a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) table, the code rates supported by an additional LDPC base graph may include those code rates immediately above and below a modulation order transition (e.g., from 16QAM to 32 QAM). One or more of the additional LDPC base graphs may, therefore, utilize the maximum lift size Z_(max) at smaller values of K (K<K_(max)). Additional LDPC base graphs may further be designed for other performance benefits. For example, an additional LDPC base graph may be designed to support lower code rates relative to other LDPC base graphs.
In some examples, for an information block of a length K at a given code rate R, an encoder or decoder may select the particular LDPC base graph that maximizes the lift size Z, where Z<=Z_(max). For example, the encoder or decoder may select a first LDPC base graph when a first lift size applied to the first LDPC base graph to produce the information block length is greater than a second lift size applied to a second LDPC base graph to produce the information block length. Similarly, the encoder or decoder may select the second LDPC base graph when the second lift size applied to the first LDPC base graph to produce the information block length is greater than the first lift size applied to a second LDPC base graph to produce the information block length. The first LDPC base graph may correspond, in some examples, to the baseline LDPC base graph, while the second LDPC base graph may correspond to a lower LDPC base graph (e.g., an LDPC base graph including a fewer number of bit nodes).
In some examples, the encoder or decoder may select a particular LDPC graph based on a parallelism constraint at the receiver. Thus, the particular LDPC base graph may be selected based on the information block length K and the parallelism constraint P of the decoder, where P=Z_(max) (e.g., the parallelism constraint sets the maximum lift size). For example, assuming a smallest information block size K at a given rate R supported by multiple LDPC base graphs, the encoder or decoder may select the LDPC base graph that provides the largest lift size Z. As K increases, the encoder or decoder may continue to select the same LDPC base graph while the lift size is less than or equal to the parallelism constraint P. However, at the information block length K where the current LDPC base graphs lift size Z exceeds P, the encoder or decoder may switch to the LDPC base graph that provides the largest lift size Z that is less than or equal to P. This process may be repeated until the maximum information block length K_(max) is reached.
As an example, assume there are three LDPC base graphs, low LDPC base graph (8<=K_(b)<=10), middle LDPC base graph (16<=K_(b)<=20), and high LDPC base graph (24<=K_(b)<=30). With a parallelism constraint or maximum lift size of 320 and a code rate of 1/3, for K<=3200, an LDPC base graph from the low LDPC base graph may be selected, for 3200<K<=6400, an LDPC base graph from the middle LDPC base graph may be selected, and for 6400<K<=8192 (K_(max)), an LDPC base graph from the high LDPC base graph may be selected.
In some examples, an LDPC base graph that does not provide the largest lift size may be selected to improve other factors, such as performance In addition, metrics other than the lift size may be used to select the LDPC base graph. For example, the decoding speed may be used to select the LDPC base graph (e.g., the LDPC base graph providing the highest decoding speed that is less than the peak throughput achieved at the parallelism constraint P may be selected).
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication device 500 configured to select between two or more LDPC base graphs according to some aspects of the present disclosure. In FIG. 5, prior to encoding an information block, the code rate (CR) 502 and information block length (IBL) 504 of the information block may be provided to LDPC base selection circuitry 506. The LDPC base selection circuitry 506 may then select from two or more LDPC base graphs 508, each having a different range of graph dimensions (e.g., different ranges of numbers of bit nodes). Thus, each LDPC base graph 508 may support a different information block length range (e.g., K_(low) to K_(high)). In addition, each information block length range supported by the respective LDPC base graphs 508 may overlap. In some examples, each of the LDPC base graphs 508 are predetermined and loaded into the wireless communication device 500 prior to deployment of the wireless communication device 500.
In some examples, one of the LDPC base graphs 508 may be a baseline LDPC base graph that is designed to cover all or a large portion of information block lengths and code rates utilized in a wireless communication network. For example, the baseline LDPC base graph may set the largest information block length K_(max) and largest lift size Z_(max) for the encoder and decoder. Other LDPC base graphs 508 may be designed to cover one or more subsets of the information block lengths and code rates. In some examples, each of the other LDPC base graphs may overlap with the baseline LDPC base graph, but may also cover other information block lengths outside of the information block length range covered by the baseline LDPC base graph. For example, at least one of the LDPC base graphs 508 may be able to produce lower information block lengths than those produced by the baseline LDPC base graph.
The LDPC base graph selection circuitry 506 may initially compare the IBL 504 of the information block with the information block length ranges supported by each of the LDPC base graphs 508. If only one of the LDPC base graphs 508 supports the IBL 504 of the information block, the LDPC base graph selection circuitry 506 may select the single LDPC base graph 508 that supports the IBL 504. However, if more than one LDPC base graph 508 supports the IBL 504 of the information block, the LDPC base graph selection circuitry 506 may utilize other metrics to select an LDPC base graph 508 for the information block.
In some examples, if more than one LDPC base graph 508 supports the IBL 504, the LDPC base graph selection circuitry 506 may consider the CR 502 that may be utilized to encode the information block to select the LDPC base graph 508. For example, each LDPC base graph may support a respective code rate range. In examples where one of the LDPC base graphs 508 is a baseline LDPC base graph, the baseline LDPC base graph may support all or a large portion of the code rates utilized in a wireless communication network. Other LDPC base graphs 508 may support a subset of the code rate range of the baseline LDPC base graph and/or different code rates. Thus, each LDPC base graph may support a different code rate range. If the CR 502 to be utilized for the information block is only supported by one of the LDPC base graphs, the LDPC base graph selection circuitry 506 may select the LDPC base graph 508 that supports the CR 502.
However, if more than one LDPC base graph 508 supports the CR 502, the LDPC base graph selection circuitry 506 may select the LDPC base graph based on the respective lift size to be applied to each LDPC base graph 508 to produce the IBL 504 of the information block 504. In some examples, the LDPC base graph selection circuitry 506 may select the LDPC base graph 508 that provides the largest lift size to produce the IBL 504. For example, considering two LDPC base graphs (e.g., a first LDPC base graph and a second LDPC base graph), the LDPC base graph selection circuitry 506 may select the first LDPC base graph when the lift size applied to the first LDPC base graph to produce the IBL 504 is greater than the lift size applied to the second LDPC base graph to produce the IBL 504, and vice-versa.
The selected LDPC base graph 508 may then be input to LDPC graph selection circuitry 510 to select a particular LDPC graph 512 for use in encoding the information block. In certain circumstances, each LDPC base graph 508 may represent a set of two or more LDPC graphs 512. In some examples, the LDPC base graphs 508 represent a group of related LDPC graphs 512 having a number of bit nodes K_(b) (columns in the matrix shown in FIG. 3) within a particular range of bit node numbers (e.g., x<=K_(b)<=y, where x and y define the minimum and maximum number of bit nodes within the group of related LDPC graphs). In some example, each LDPC base graph 508 corresponds to the LDPC graph 512 having the maximum number of bit nodes within the group of related LDPC graphs 512. The LDPC graph selection circuitry 510 may select one of the LDPC graphs 512, which may be the LDPC base graph 508, within the group of related LDPC graphs 512 for use in encoding the information block. The particular LDPC graph 512 may be selected based on, for example, the CR 502, IBL 504, lift size, or other factors that may be related to the performance of the encoder and/or decoder.
FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an exemplary wireless communication device 600 employing a processing system 614. For example, the wireless communication device 600 may be a user equipment (UE), a base station, or any other suitable apparatus or means for wireless communication.
The wireless communication device 600 may be implemented with a processing system 614 that includes one or more processors 604. Examples of processors 604 include microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors (DSPs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gated logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functionality described throughout this disclosure. In various examples, the wireless communication device 600 may be configured to perform any one or more of the functions described herein. That is, the processor 604, as utilized in a wireless communication device 600, may be used to implement any one or more of the processes described and illustrated in FIGS. 7-9.
In this example, the processing system 614 may be implemented with a bus architecture, represented generally by the bus 602. The bus 602 may include any number of interconnecting buses and bridges depending on the specific application of the processing system 614 and the overall design constraints. The bus 602 communicatively couples together various circuits including one or more processors (represented generally by the processor 604), a memory 605, and computer-readable media (represented generally by the computer-readable medium 606). The bus 602 may also link various other circuits such as timing sources, peripherals, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in the art, and therefore, will not be described any further. A bus interface 608 provides an interface between the bus 602 and a transceiver 610. The transceiver 610 provides a means for communicating with various other apparatus over a transmission medium (e.g., air). Depending upon the nature of the apparatus, an optional user interface 612 (e.g., keypad, display, speaker, microphone, joystick) may also be provided. It should be understood that the user interface 612 may not be provided in some devices, such as a base station.
The processor 604 is responsible for managing the bus 602 and general processing, including the execution of software stored on the computer-readable medium 606. The software, when executed by the processor 604, causes the processing system 614 to perform the various functions described below for any particular apparatus. The computer-readable medium 606 and the memory 605 may also be used for storing data that is manipulated by the processor 604 when executing software.
One or more processors 604 in the processing system may execute software. Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise. The software may reside on a computer-readable medium 606. The computer-readable medium 606 may be a non-transitory computer-readable medium. A non-transitory computer-readable medium includes, by way of example, a magnetic storage device (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic strip), an optical disk (e.g., a compact disc (CD) or a digital versatile disc (DVD)), a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, a stick, or a key drive), a random access memory (RAM), a read only memory (ROM), a programmable ROM (PROM), an erasable PROM (EPROM), an electrically erasable PROM (EEPROM), a register, a removable disk, and any other suitable medium for storing software and/or instructions that may be accessed and read by a computer. The computer-readable medium may also include, by way of example, a carrier wave, a transmission line, and any other suitable medium for transmitting software and/or instructions that may be accessed and read by a computer.
The computer-readable medium 606 may reside in the processing system 614, external to the processing system 614, or distributed across multiple entities including the processing system 614. The computer-readable medium 606 may be embodied in a computer program product. By way of example, a computer program product may include a computer-readable medium in packaging materials. Those skilled in the art will recognize how best to implement the described functionality presented throughout this disclosure depending on the particular application and the overall design constraints imposed on the overall system.
In some aspects of the disclosure, the processor 604 may include circuitry configured for various functions. For example, the processor 604 may include low density parity check (LDPC) encoding circuitry 642 configured to receive an information block of a given block length and to encode the information block using LDPC encoding based on a particular code rate. In some examples, the LDPC encoding circuitry 642 may be configured to select an LDPC base graph from a plurality of LDPC base graphs 615 maintained, for example, in memory 605. The LDPC base graphs 615 may correspond to the LDPC base graphs 508 shown in FIG. 5. In addition, the LDPC encoding circuitry 642 may include the LDPC base graph selection circuitry 506 and LDPC graph selection circuitry 510 shown in FIG. 5. The LDPC encoding circuitry 642 may then select a particular LDPC graph represented by the LDPC base graph and utilize the selected LDPC graph to encode the information block to produce a codeword for transmission over a wireless air interface to a receiving wireless communication device via the transceiver 610. The codeword contains the information bits of the information block and parity check bits generated using the selected LDPC graph.
In some examples, the LDPC base graphs 615 may be designed for the wireless communication network over which the wireless communication device communicates and stored within memory 605. The LDPC base graphs 615 may include, for example, two or more LDPC base graphs, each associated with a different information block range. For example, the LDPC base graphs 615 may include a first LDPC base graph associated with a first information block length range and a second LDPC base graph associated with a second information block length range. The first information block length range may cover, for example, a baseline information block length range supported by the wireless communication network (e.g., between 100 and 8192 bits). The second information block length range may contain a subset of the first information block length range such that the second information block length is contained completely within the first information block length range (e.g., between 100 and 3200 bits) or overlaps the first information block length range (e.g., between 50 and 3200 bits). Additional LDPC base graphs 615 may also be designed and maintained in memory 605. For example, a third LDPC base graph may be designed to be associated with a third information block length range. The third information block length range may also contain a subset of the first information block length range such that the third information block length range is contained completely within the first information block length range (e.g., between 100 and 6400 bits) or overlaps the first and second information block length ranges (e.g., between 75 and 6400 bits).
The LDPC encoding circuitry 642 may further be configured to select the LDPC base graph from the plurality of LDPC base graphs 615 for encoding the information block based on the information block length of the information block. In some examples, if only one of the LDPC base graphs 615 supports the information block length of the information block, the LDPC encoding circuitry 642 may select the single LDPC base graph 615 that supports the information block length. However, if more than one LDPC base graph 615 supports the information block length of the information block, the LDPC encoding circuitry 642 may utilize other metrics to select an LDPC base graph 615 for the information block. Examples of other metrics include, but are not limited to, the code rate and the lift size.
In some examples, each of the LDPC base graphs 615 covers all possible code rates that may be used in the wireless communication network. In this example, the LDPC encoding circuitry 642 may select the LDPC base graph 615 that utilizes the highest lift size to produce the information block length of the information block. In other examples, one or more of the LDPC base graphs 615 may cover a different code rate range than other LDPC base graphs. For example, the first LDPC base graph may be associated with a first code rate range, while the second LDPC base graph may be associated with a second code rate range that overlaps the first code rate range, but also includes other code rates not within the first code rate range. In this example, if only one of the LDPC base graphs 615 supports the code rate of the information block, the LDPC encoding circuitry 642 may select the single LDPC base graph 615 that supports the code rate. However, if more than one LDPC base graph 615 supports the code rate of the information block, the LDPC encoding circuitry 642 may select the LDPC base graph 615 that utilizes the highest lift size to produce the information block length of the information block.
In some examples, the LDPC encoding circuitry 642 may further consider a parallelism constraint at the receiving wireless communication device when selecting the LDPC base graph 615. The parallelism constraint indicates the maximum number of edge messages that may be processed in parallel by the receiving wireless communication device. In some examples, the parallelism constraint is equal to or greater than the level of parallelism required to reach peak throughput. For example, the parallelism constraint may be equal to the largest lift size that is used in the peak throughput case. In one example, to achieve a maximum information block length of 8192 bits, the corresponding maximum lift size, and thus, degree of parallelism, may be equal to 320 to achieve a peak throughput of 20 Gb/s. In other examples, the parallelism constraint may be less than the level of parallelism required to reach peak throughput.
Using the above example of three LDPC base graphs, the LDPC encoding circuitry 642 may select the second LDPC base graph when the lift size applied to the second LDPC base graph to produce the information block length of the information block to be encoded is less than or equal to the parallelism constraint. The LDPC encoding circuitry 642 may further select the third LDPC base graph when the lift size applied to the second LDPC base graph to produce the information block length is greater than the parallelism constraint and the lift size applied to the third LDPC base graph to produce the information block length is less than or equal to the parallelism constraint. The LDPC encoding circuitry 642 may further select the first LDPC base graph when the lift size applied to the third LDPC base graph to produce the information block length is greater than the parallelism constraint.
In some examples, the LDPC encoding circuitry 642 may select the LDPC base graph based on factors other than the information block length, code rate, and/or lift size. For example, the LDPC encoding circuitry 642 may select the LDPC base graph based on the decoding speed expected at the receiving wireless communication device for each LDPC base graph (e.g., the LDPC base graph providing the highest decoding speed that is less than the peak throughput achieved at the parallelism constraint may be selected). The LDPC encoding circuitry 642 may operate in coordination with LDPC encoding software 652.
The processor 604 may further include LDPC decoding circuitry 644 configured to receive a codeword over a wireless air interface from a transmitting wireless communication device via the transceiver 610 and decode the codeword utilizing LDPC decoding to produce an information block of a given block length. In some examples, the LDPC decoding circuitry 644 may be configured to select an LDPC base graph from a plurality of LDPC base graphs 615 maintained, for example, in memory 605. The LDPC decoding circuitry 644 may then select an LDPC graph represented by the LDPC base graph and utilize the selected LDPC graph to decode the codeword to produce the information block. The LDPC decoding circuitry 644 may select the LDPC base graph for decoding of the codeword based on at least the information block length of the information block. The LDPC decoding circuitry 644 may further utilize the code rate, lift size, the parallelism constraint of the LDPC decoding circuitry 644, and/or other metrics to select the LDPC base graph. The LDPC decoding circuitry 644 may operate in coordination with LDPC decoding software 654.
FIG. 7 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary process 700 for low density parity check (LDPC) encoding in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure. As described below, some or all illustrated features may be omitted in a particular implementation within the scope of the present disclosure, and some illustrated features may not be required for implementation of all embodiments. In some examples, the process 700 may be carried out by the wireless communication device illustrated in FIG. 6. In some examples, the process 700 may be carried out by any suitable apparatus or means for carrying out the functions or algorithm described below.
At block 702, the wireless communication device may maintain multiple (e.g., two or more) LDPC base graphs, each associated with a different information block length range. For example, the LDPC base graphs may include a first LDPC base graph associated with a first information block length range and a second LDPC base graph associated with a second information block length range. The first information block length range may cover, for example, a baseline information block length range supported by the wireless communication network (e.g., between 100 and 8192 bits). The second information block length range may include a subset of the first information block length range such that the second information block length range is contained completely within the first information block length range (e.g., between 100 and 3200 bits) or overlaps the first information block length range (e.g., between 50 and 3200 bits). Additional LDPC base graphs may also be designed. The LDPC base graphs may be maintained, for example, in memory 605 shown and described above in reference to FIG. 6.
At block 704, the wireless communication device may select an LDPC base graph for encoding an information block of a given information block length. The LDPC base graph may be selected, for example, based, at least in part, on the given information block length of the information block. For example, the wireless communication device may select an LDPC base graph that supports the information block length of the information block. If more than one LDPC base graph supports the information block length of the information block, the wireless communication device may utilize other metrics, such as the code rate and/or lift size to select the LDPC base graph. For example, the LDPC encoding circuitry 642 shown and described above in reference to FIG. 6 may select an LDPC base graph for encoding the information block.
At block 706, the wireless communication device may encode the information block using the selected LDPC base graph to produce a codeword containing information bits of the information block and parity check bits produced by the LDPC encoding process. In some examples, the wireless communication device may select an LDPC graph represented by the LDPC base graph, which may be the LDPC base graph, to encode the information block. For example, the LDPC encoding circuitry 642 shown and described above in reference to FIG. 6 may encode the information block using the select LDPC base graph. At block 708, the wireless communication device may transmit the codeword over a wireless air interface to the receiver (e.g., a receiving wireless communication device). For example, the transceiver 610 shown and described above in reference to FIG. 6 may transmit the codeword to the receiving wireless communication device.
FIG. 8 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary process 800 for low density parity check (LDPC) encoding in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure. As described below, some or all illustrated features may be omitted in a particular implementation within the scope of the present disclosure, and some illustrated features may not be required for implementation of all embodiments. In some examples, the process 800 may be carried out by the wireless communication device illustrated in FIG. 6. In some examples, the process 800 may be carried out by any suitable apparatus or means for carrying out the functions or algorithm described below.
At block 802, the wireless communication device may maintain multiple (e.g., two or more) LDPC base graphs, each associated with a different information block length range. For example, the LDPC base graphs may include a first LDPC base graph associated with a first information block length range and a second LDPC base graph associated with a second information block length range. The first information block length range may cover, for example, a baseline information block length range supported by the wireless communication network (e.g., between 100 and 8192 bits). The second information block length range may include a subset of the first information block length range such that the second information block length range is contained completely within the first information block length range (e.g., between 100 and 3200 bits) or overlaps the first information block length range (e.g., between 50 and 3200 bits). Additional LDPC base graphs may also be designed. The LDPC base graphs may be maintained, for example, in memory 605 shown and described above in reference to FIG. 6.
At block 804, the wireless communication device may receive an information block length of an information block to be encoded using LDPC coding. For example, the LDPC encoding circuitry 642 shown and described above in reference to FIG. 6 may receive the information block length of the information block. At block 806, the wireless communication device may determine whether more than one LDPC base graph supports the information block length of the information block.
If only a single LDPC base graph supports the information block length of the information block (N branch of block 806), at block 808, the wireless communication may select the LDPC base graph that supports the information block length of the information block for encoding of the information block. If more than one LDPC base graph supports the information block length of the information block (Y branch of block 806), at block 810, the wireless communication device may select the LDPC base graph with the highest lift size required to produce the information block length of the information block. For example, the LDPC encoding circuitry 642 shown and described above in reference to FIG. 6 may select an LDPC base graph for encoding the information block.
At block 812, the wireless communication device may encode the information block using the selected LDPC base graph to produce a codeword containing information bits of the information block and parity check bits produced by the LDPC encoding process. In some examples, the wireless communication device may select an LDPC graph represented by the LDPC base graph, which may be the LDPC base graph, to encode the information block. For example, the LDPC encoding circuitry 642 shown and described above in reference to FIG. 6 may encode the information block using the select LDPC base graph. At block 814, the wireless communication device may transmit the codeword over a wireless air interface to the receiver (e.g., a receiving wireless communication device). For example, the transceiver 610 shown and described above in reference to FIG. 6 may transmit the codeword to the receiving wireless communication device.
FIG. 9 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary process 900 for low density parity check (LDPC) encoding in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure. As described below, some or all illustrated features may be omitted in a particular implementation within the scope of the present disclosure, and some illustrated features may not be required for implementation of all embodiments. In some examples, the process 900 may be carried out by the wireless communication device illustrated in FIG. 6. In some examples, the process 900 may be carried out by any suitable apparatus or means for carrying out the functions or algorithm described below.
At block 902, the wireless communication device may maintain multiple (e.g., two or more) LDPC base graphs, each associated with a different information block length range. For example, the LDPC base graphs may include a first LDPC base graph associated with a first information block length range and a second LDPC base graph associated with a second information block length range. The first information block length range may cover, for example, a baseline information block length range supported by the wireless communication network (e.g., between 100 and 8192 bits). The second information block length range may include a subset of the first information block length range such that the second information block length range is contained completely within the first information block length range (e.g., between 100 and 3200 bits) or overlaps the first information block length range (e.g., between 50 and 3200 bits). Additional LDPC base graphs may also be designed. The LDPC base graphs may be maintained, for example, in memory 605 shown and described above in reference to FIG. 6.
At block 904, the wireless communication device may receive an information block length of an information block to be LDPC encoded using a particular code rate. For example, the LDPC encoding circuitry 642 shown and described above in reference to FIG. 6 may receive the information block length of the information block. At block 906, the wireless communication device may determine whether more than one LDPC base graph supports the information block length of the information block.
If only a single LDPC base graph supports the information block length of the information block (N branch of block 906), at block 908, the wireless communication may select the LDPC base graph that supports the information block length of the information block for encoding of the information block. If more than one LDPC base graph supports the information block length of the information block (Y branch of block 906), at block 910, the wireless communication device may determine whether more than one LDPC base graph supports the code rate for encoding the information block.
If only a single LDPC base graph supports the code rate (N branch of block 910), at block 912, the wireless communication device may select the LDPC base graph that supports the code rate for encoding the information block. If more than one LDPC base graph supports the code rate (Y branch of block 910), at block 914, the wireless communication device may select the LDPC base graph with the highest lift size required to produce the information block length of the information block. For example, the LDPC encoding circuitry 642 shown and described above in reference to FIG. 6 may select an LDPC base graph for encoding the information block.
At block 916, the wireless communication device may encode the information block using the selected LDPC base graph to produce a codeword containing information bits of the information block and parity check bits produced by the LDPC encoding process. In some examples, the wireless communication device may select an LDPC graph represented by the LDPC base graph, which may be the LDPC base graph, to encode the information block. For example, the LDPC encoding circuitry 642 shown and described above in reference to FIG. 6 may encode the information block using the select LDPC base graph. At block 918, the wireless communication device may transmit the codeword over a wireless air interface to the receiver (e.g., a receiving wireless communication device). For example, the transceiver 610 shown and described above in reference to FIG. 6 may transmit the codeword to the receiving wireless communication device.
FIG. 10 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary process 1000 for low density parity check (LDPC) decoding in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure. As described below, some or all illustrated features may be omitted in a particular implementation within the scope of the present disclosure, and some illustrated features may not be required for implementation of all embodiments. In some examples, the process 1000 may be carried out by the wireless communication device illustrated in FIG. 6. In some examples, the process 1000 may be carried out by any suitable apparatus or means for carrying out the functions or algorithm described below.
At block 1002, the wireless communication device may maintain multiple (e.g., two or more) LDPC base graphs, each associated with a different information block length range. For example, the LDPC base graphs may include a first LDPC base graph associated with a first information block length range and a second LDPC base graph associated with a second information block length range. The first information block length range may cover, for example, a baseline information block length supported by the wireless communication network (e.g., between 100 and 8192 bits). The second information block length range may include a subset of the first information block length range such that the second information block length range is contained completely within the first information block length range (e.g., between 100 and 3200 bits) or overlaps the first information block length range (e.g., between 50 and 3200 bits). Additional LDPC base graphs may also be designed. The LDPC base graphs may be maintained, for example, in memory 605 shown and described above in reference to FIG. 6.
At block 1004, the wireless communication device may receive a codeword over a wireless air interface from a transmitter (e.g., a transmitting wireless communication device). For example, the transceiver 610 shown and described above in reference to FIG. 6 may receive the codeword. At block 1006, the wireless communication device may select an LDPC base graph for decoding the codeword containing an information block of a given information block length. The LDPC base graph may be selected, for example, based on the given information block length of the information block. Other metrics, such as the code rate and/or lift size, may also be utilized to select an LDPC base graph. For example, the LDPC decoding circuitry 644 shown and described above in reference to FIG. 6 may select an LDPC base graph for decoding the information block.
At block 1008, the wireless communication device may decode the codeword using the selected LDPC base graph to produce the information block containing information bits. In some examples, the wireless communication device may select an LDPC graph represented by the selected LDPC base graph, which may be the LDPC base graph, to decode the codeword. For example, the LDPC decoding circuitry 644 shown and described above in reference to FIG. 6 may decode the codeword using the select LDPC base graph.
In one configuration, an apparatus configured for low density parity check (LDPC) coding (e.g., the wireless communication device 500 shown in FIG. 5 and/or the wireless communication device 600 shown in FIG. 6) includes means for maintaining a plurality of LDPC base graphs, where the plurality of LDPC base graphs include at least a first LDPC base graph associated with a first information block length range and a second LDPC base graph associated with a second information block length range, and the second information block length range includes a subset of the first information block length range. The apparatus further includes means for receiving a codeword over a wireless air interface from a transmitter, means for selecting a select LDPC base graph from the plurality of LDPC base graphs for decoding the codeword based on an information block length associated with the codeword, and means for decoding the codeword utilizing the select LDPC base graph to produce an information block having the information block length.
| 34,795 |
https://github.com/valluzzi/gdal2numpy/blob/master/src/gdal2numpy/module_ogr.py | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | 2,023 | gdal2numpy | valluzzi | Python | Code | 1,256 | 4,430 | # -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Licence:
# Copyright (c) 2012-2021 Luzzi Valerio
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
# included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
# OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
# NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
# HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
# WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
# FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
# OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
#
#
# Name: module_ogr.py
# Purpose:
#
# Author: Luzzi Valerio
#
# Created: 16/06/2021
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
import glob
import math
import os
import shutil
import site
from osgeo import gdal, gdalconst
from osgeo import osr, ogr
from .filesystem import justext, juststem, forceext, justpath, strtofile
from .module_open import OpenRaster
from .module_open import OpenShape
from .module_s3 import isfile
def create_cpg(fileshp):
"""
create_file_cpg - add a file.cpg
:param fileshp:
:return:
"""
strtofile("UFT-8", forceext(fileshp, "cpg"))
def ogr_move(src, dst):
"""
copyshp
"""
res = shutil.move(src, dst)
if "shp" == justext(src).lower():
for ext in (
"dbf", "shx", "prj", "qpj", "qml", "qix", "idx", "dat", "sbn", "sbx", "fbn", "fbx", "ain", "aih", "atx",
"qlr", "mta", "cpg"):
src = forceext(src, ext)
dst = dst if os.path.isdir(dst) else forceext(dst, ext)
if os.path.isfile(src):
if os.path.isfile(forceext(dst, ext)):
os.unlink(forceext(dst, ext))
shutil.move(src, dst)
return res
def ogr_copy(src, dst):
"""
copyshp
"""
res = shutil.copy2(src, dst)
if "shp" == justext(src).lower():
for ext in (
"dbf", "shx", "prj", "qpj", "qml", "qix", "idx", "dat", "sbn", "sbx", "fbn", "fbx", "ain", "aih", "atx",
"qlr", "mta", "cpg"):
src = forceext(src, ext)
filedst = forceext(dst, ext)
filedst = dst if os.path.isdir(dst) else filedst
if os.path.isfile(src):
if os.path.isfile(filedst):
os.unlink(filedst)
shutil.copy2(src, filedst)
return res
def ogr_remove(filename):
"""
remove
"""
if os.path.isfile(filename):
if justext(filename).lower() in ("shp",):
driver = ogr.GetDriverByName("ESRI Shapefile")
driver.DeleteDataSource(filename)
for ext in ("qlr", "mta", "cpg"):
fileaux = forceext(filename, ext)
if os.path.isfile(fileaux):
os.unlink(fileaux)
else:
os.unlink(filename)
return not os.path.isfile(filename)
def Haversine(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2):
"""
Haversine Distance
"""
R = 6371008.8 # Earth radius in kilometers
dLat = math.radians(lat2 - lat1)
dLon = math.radians(lon2 - lon1)
lat1 = math.radians(lat1)
lat2 = math.radians(lat2)
a = math.sin(dLat / 2) ** 2 + math.cos(lat1) * \
math.cos(lat2) * math.sin(dLon / 2) ** 2
c = 2 * math.asin(math.sqrt(a))
return R * c
def GetPixelSize(filename, um="m"):
"""
GetPixelSize
"""
ds = OpenRaster(filename)
if ds:
m, n = ds.RasterYSize, ds.RasterXSize
minx, px, _, maxy, _, py = ds.GetGeoTransform()
prj = ds.GetProjection()
ds = None
# srs = osr.SpatialReference()
# srs.ImportFromProj4(prj)
srs = GetSpatialRef(prj)
if srs.IsGeographic() and um == "m":
dx = Haversine(maxy, minx, maxy, minx + px * n) / n
dy = Haversine(maxy, minx, maxy + m * py, minx) / m
return round(dx, 1), round(dy, 1)
return px, abs(py)
return None, None
def GetPixelArea(filename, um="m"):
"""
GetPixelArea
"""
px, py = GetPixelSize(filename, um)
return abs(px * py)
def SamePixelSize(filename1, filename2, decimals=-1):
"""
SamePixelSize
"""
size1 = GetPixelSize(filename1)
size2 = GetPixelSize(filename2)
if decimals >= 0:
size1 = [round(item, decimals) for item in size1]
size2 = [round(item, decimals) for item in size2]
return size1 == size2
def GetEPSG(srs):
"""
GetEPSG
"""
srs = GetSpatialRef(srs)
if srs:
authid = srs.GetAuthorityName(
"PROJCS") if srs.IsProjected() else srs.GetAuthorityName("GEOGCS")
srid = srs.GetAuthorityCode("PROJCS") if srs.IsProjected(
) else srs.GetAuthorityCode("GEOGCS")
return f"{authid}:{srid}"
return None
def GetSpatialRef(filename):
"""
GetSpatialRef
"""
srs = None
if isinstance(filename, osr.SpatialReference):
srs = filename
elif isinstance(filename, int):
srs = osr.SpatialReference()
srs.ImportFromEPSG(filename)
srs.AutoIdentifyEPSG()
elif isinstance(filename, str) and filename.lower().startswith("epsg:"):
code = int(filename.split(":")[1])
srs = osr.SpatialReference()
srs.ImportFromEPSG(code)
srs.AutoIdentifyEPSG()
elif isinstance(filename, str) and filename.upper().startswith("+proj"):
proj4text = filename
srs = osr.SpatialReference()
srs.ImportFromProj4(proj4text)
srs.AutoIdentifyEPSG()
elif isinstance(filename, str) and (filename.upper().startswith("PROJCS[") or filename.upper().startswith("GEOGCS[")):
wkt = filename
srs = osr.SpatialReference()
srs.ImportFromWkt(wkt)
srs.AutoIdentifyEPSG()
elif isinstance(filename, str) and isfile(filename) and filename.lower().endswith(".shp"):
ds = OpenShape(filename)
if ds:
srs = ds.GetLayer().GetSpatialRef()
srs.AutoIdentifyEPSG()
elif isinstance(filename, str) and isfile(filename) and filename.lower().endswith(".tif"):
ds = OpenRaster(filename)
if ds:
wkt = ds.GetProjection()
srs = osr.SpatialReference()
srs.ImportFromWkt(wkt)
srs.AutoIdentifyEPSG()
else:
srs = osr.SpatialReference()
return srs
def SameSpatialRef(filename1, filename2):
"""
SameSpatialRef
"""
srs1 = GetSpatialRef(filename1)
srs2 = GetSpatialRef(filename2)
if srs1 and srs2:
return srs1.IsSame(srs2) or srs1.ExportToProj4() == srs2.ExportToProj4()
return None
def GetGeometryType(filename):
"""
GetGeometryType
:param filename:
:return:
"""
ds = OpenShape(filename, 0)
if ds:
lyr = ds.GetLayer()
if lyr:
geomtype = lyr.GetGeomType()
name = ogr.GeometryTypeToName(geomtype)
ds = None
return name
ds = None
return None
def Rectangle(minx, miny, maxx, maxy):
"""
Rectangle - create ogr polygon from bbox
"""
ring = ogr.Geometry(ogr.wkbLinearRing)
ring.AddPoint_2D(minx, miny)
ring.AddPoint_2D(maxx, miny)
ring.AddPoint_2D(maxx, maxy)
ring.AddPoint_2D(minx, maxy)
ring.AddPoint_2D(minx, miny)
# Create polygon
poly = ogr.Geometry(ogr.wkbPolygon)
poly.AddGeometry(ring)
return poly
def TransformBBOX(bbox, s_srs=None, t_srs=None):
if SameSpatialRef(s_srs, t_srs):
return bbox
s_minx, s_miny, s_maxx, s_maxy = bbox
s_srs.SetAxisMappingStrategy(osr.OAMS_TRADITIONAL_GIS_ORDER)
t_srs.SetAxisMappingStrategy(osr.OAMS_TRADITIONAL_GIS_ORDER)
transform = osr.CoordinateTransformation(s_srs, t_srs)
rect = Rectangle(s_minx, s_miny, s_maxx, s_maxy)
rect.Transform(transform)
t_minx, t_maxx, t_miny, t_maxy = rect.GetEnvelope()
transformed_bbox = (t_minx, t_miny, t_maxx, t_maxy)
return transformed_bbox
def GetExtent(filename, t_srs=None):
"""
GetExtent
"""
s_srs = None
minx, miny, maxx, maxy = 0, 0, 0, 0
ext = justext(filename).lower()
if ext == "tif":
ds = OpenRaster(filename)
if ds:
"{xmin} {ymin} {xmax} {ymax}"
m, n = ds.RasterYSize, ds.RasterXSize
gt = ds.GetGeoTransform()
minx, px, _, maxy, _, py = gt
maxx = minx + n * px
miny = maxy + m * py
miny, maxy = min(miny, maxy), max(miny, maxy)
wkt = ds.GetProjection()
s_srs = osr.SpatialReference()
s_srs.ImportFromWkt(wkt)
ds = None
elif ext in ("shp", "dbf"):
filename = forceext(filename, "shp")
# driver = ogr.GetDriverByName("ESRI Shapefile")
# ds = driver.Open(filename, 0)
ds = OpenShape(filename, 0)
if ds:
layer = ds.GetLayer()
minx, maxx, miny, maxy = layer.GetExtent()
s_srs = layer.GetSpatialRef()
ds = None
if t_srs and not SameSpatialRef(s_srs, t_srs):
t_srs = GetSpatialRef(t_srs)
transform = osr.CoordinateTransformation(s_srs, t_srs)
rect = Rectangle(minx, miny, maxx, maxy)
rect.Transform(transform)
if t_srs.IsGeographic():
miny, maxy, minx, maxx = rect.GetEnvelope()
else:
minx, miny, maxx, maxy = rect.GetEnvelope()
return minx, miny, maxx, maxy
def SameExtent(filename1, filename2, decimals=-1):
"""
SameExtent
"""
extent1 = GetExtent(filename1)
extent2 = GetExtent(filename2)
if decimals >= 0:
extent1 = [round(item, decimals) for item in extent1]
extent2 = [round(item, decimals) for item in extent2]
return extent1 == extent2
def SetGDALEnv():
"""
SetGDALEnv
"""
os.environ["__PROJ_LIB__"] = os.environ["PROJ_LIB"] if "PROJ_LIB" in os.environ else ""
os.environ["__GDAL_DATA__"] = os.environ["GDAL_DATA"] if "GDAL_DATA" in os.environ else ""
os.environ["PROJ_LIB"] = find_PROJ_LIB()
os.environ["GDAL_DATA"] = find_GDAL_DATA()
def RestoreGDALEnv():
"""
RestoreGDALEnv
"""
if "__PROJ_LIB__" in os.environ:
os.environ["PROJ_LIB"] = os.environ["__PROJ_LIB__"]
if "__GDAL_DATA__" in os.environ:
os.environ["GDAL_DATA"] = os.environ["__GDAL_DATA__"]
def find_PROJ_LIB():
"""
find_PROJ_LIB - the path of proj_lib
"""
pathnames = []
roots = ["/usr"] + site.getsitepackages()
for root in roots:
pathnames += glob.glob(root + "/**/proj.db", recursive=True)
if len(pathnames):
break
return justpath(pathnames[0]) if len(pathnames) else ""
def find_GDAL_DATA():
"""
find_GDAL_DATA - the path of GDAL_DATA
"""
pathnames = []
roots = ["/usr"] + site.getsitepackages()
for root in roots:
pathnames += glob.glob(root + "/**/gt_datum.csv", recursive=True)
if len(pathnames):
break
return justpath(pathnames[0]) if len(pathnames) else ""
def CreateRectangleShape(minx, miny, maxx, maxy, srs, fileshp="tempxy...."):
"""
CreateRectangleShape
"""
fileshp = fileshp if fileshp else "./tempdir/rect.shp"
# Write rest to Shapefile
driver = ogr.GetDriverByName("ESRI Shapefile")
if os.path.exists(fileshp):
driver.DeleteDataSource(fileshp)
ds = driver.CreateDataSource(fileshp)
layer = ds.CreateLayer(fileshp, srs, geom_type=ogr.wkbPolygon)
featureDefn = layer.GetLayerDefn()
feature = ogr.Feature(featureDefn)
rect = Rectangle(minx, miny, maxx, maxy)
feature.SetGeometry(rect)
layer.CreateFeature(feature)
feature, layer, ds = None, None, None
return fileshp
def CreateShapeFileLayer(fileshp, srs, geom_type=ogr.wkbPoint, cpg="UTF-8"):
"""
CreateShapeFileLayer - wrap CreateDataSource just for shapefiles
"""
fileshp = forceext(fileshp, "shp")
ogr_remove(fileshp)
driver = ogr.GetDriverByName("ESRI Shapefile")
ds = driver.CreateDataSource(fileshp)
filecpg = forceext(fileshp, "cpg")
with open(filecpg, "w") as stream:
stream.write(cpg)
srs = GetSpatialRef(srs)
layer = ds.CreateLayer(juststem(fileshp), srs, geom_type=geom_type)
ds = None
return layer
def CopyShape(fileshp, fileout):
"""
CopyShape
"""
ds = gdal.VectorTranslate(fileout, fileshp, format='ESRI Shapefile',
accessMode='overwrite')
ds = None # force flush
| 14,529 |
https://github.com/mufpga/MicroFPGA/blob/master/Au/cores/managed_ip_project/managed_ip_project.cache/ip/2018.3/8391fcd2d54f2fad/xadc_wiz_0_stub.vhdl | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | 2,021 | MicroFPGA | mufpga | VHDL | Code | 294 | 1,159 | -- Copyright 1986-2018 Xilinx, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
-- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Tool Version: Vivado v.2018.3 (win64) Build 2405991 Thu Dec 6 23:38:27 MST 2018
-- Date : Fri Jan 10 15:30:28 2020
-- Host : Ries-Micro1 running 64-bit Service Pack 1 (build 7601)
-- Command : write_vhdl -force -mode synth_stub -rename_top decalper_eb_ot_sdeen_pot_pi_dehcac_xnilix -prefix
-- decalper_eb_ot_sdeen_pot_pi_dehcac_xnilix_ xadc_wiz_0_stub.vhdl
-- Design : xadc_wiz_0
-- Purpose : Stub declaration of top-level module interface
-- Device : xc7a35tftg256-1
-- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL;
entity decalper_eb_ot_sdeen_pot_pi_dehcac_xnilix is
Port (
daddr_in : in STD_LOGIC_VECTOR ( 6 downto 0 );
dclk_in : in STD_LOGIC;
den_in : in STD_LOGIC;
di_in : in STD_LOGIC_VECTOR ( 15 downto 0 );
dwe_in : in STD_LOGIC;
reset_in : in STD_LOGIC;
vauxp0 : in STD_LOGIC;
vauxn0 : in STD_LOGIC;
vauxp1 : in STD_LOGIC;
vauxn1 : in STD_LOGIC;
vauxp2 : in STD_LOGIC;
vauxn2 : in STD_LOGIC;
vauxp3 : in STD_LOGIC;
vauxn3 : in STD_LOGIC;
vauxp4 : in STD_LOGIC;
vauxn4 : in STD_LOGIC;
vauxp5 : in STD_LOGIC;
vauxn5 : in STD_LOGIC;
vauxp6 : in STD_LOGIC;
vauxn6 : in STD_LOGIC;
vauxp7 : in STD_LOGIC;
vauxn7 : in STD_LOGIC;
vauxp8 : in STD_LOGIC;
vauxn8 : in STD_LOGIC;
vauxp9 : in STD_LOGIC;
vauxn9 : in STD_LOGIC;
busy_out : out STD_LOGIC;
channel_out : out STD_LOGIC_VECTOR ( 4 downto 0 );
do_out : out STD_LOGIC_VECTOR ( 15 downto 0 );
drdy_out : out STD_LOGIC;
eoc_out : out STD_LOGIC;
eos_out : out STD_LOGIC;
ot_out : out STD_LOGIC;
vccaux_alarm_out : out STD_LOGIC;
vccint_alarm_out : out STD_LOGIC;
user_temp_alarm_out : out STD_LOGIC;
alarm_out : out STD_LOGIC;
vp_in : in STD_LOGIC;
vn_in : in STD_LOGIC
);
end decalper_eb_ot_sdeen_pot_pi_dehcac_xnilix;
architecture stub of decalper_eb_ot_sdeen_pot_pi_dehcac_xnilix is
attribute syn_black_box : boolean;
attribute black_box_pad_pin : string;
attribute syn_black_box of stub : architecture is true;
attribute black_box_pad_pin of stub : architecture is "daddr_in[6:0],dclk_in,den_in,di_in[15:0],dwe_in,reset_in,vauxp0,vauxn0,vauxp1,vauxn1,vauxp2,vauxn2,vauxp3,vauxn3,vauxp4,vauxn4,vauxp5,vauxn5,vauxp6,vauxn6,vauxp7,vauxn7,vauxp8,vauxn8,vauxp9,vauxn9,busy_out,channel_out[4:0],do_out[15:0],drdy_out,eoc_out,eos_out,ot_out,vccaux_alarm_out,vccint_alarm_out,user_temp_alarm_out,alarm_out,vp_in,vn_in";
begin
end;
| 48,253 |
https://github.com/totordudu/GameOfLife/blob/master/Java/GameOfLife/Doxygen/documentation/html/search/functions_d.js | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | null | GameOfLife | totordudu | JavaScript | Code | 5 | 81 | var searchData=
[
['timermainwindowcontroller_304',['TimerMainWindowController',['../classgui_controller_1_1_timer_main_window_controller.html#a8ec0c5654ca337655a9350d3c3c1649d',1,'guiController::TimerMainWindowController']]]
];
| 50,291 |
4426907_2 | Court Listener | Open Government | Public Domain | null | None | None | Unknown | Unknown | 760 | 1,183 | No. 3.)
With regard to the note from Dr. Zamarin, “it has long been held as an
exception to the hearsay rule that a medical witness may express an opinion based upon
medical records of others even if those records were not introduced into evidence so
long as they are the kind of records upon which the medical profession customarily
relies in the practice of their profession.” Empire Steel Castings, Inc., 749 A.2d at
1026; see also Pa.R.E. 703 (“An expert may base an opinion on facts or data in the case
that the expert has been made aware of or personally observed. If experts in the
23
particular field would reasonably rely on those kinds of facts or data in forming an
opinion on the subject, they need not be admissible for the opinion to be admitted.”).
However, in City of Philadelphia, our Supreme Court clarified that “an
expert’s opinion does not constitute substantial competent evidence where it is based
on a series of assumptions that lack the necessary factual predicate.” 29 A.3d at 764.
There, the employer presented testimony from a medical doctor who did not evaluate
the decedent, a firefighter, but instead based his opinion on a review of medical records
and testimony. Id. at 765-66. Based solely upon an uncorroborated 40-year-old note
in the claimant’s military medical records, the doctor concluded that the cause of the
claimant’s disease was intravenous drug use. Id. On appeal, the Supreme Court held
that the doctor’s opinion was legally insufficient to overcome a statutory presumption
that the disease was causally related to work because his conclusion was based upon a
series of unsubstantiated assumptions. Id. at 770-71.
Unlike in City of Philadelphia, here, Dr. Spellman based his opinion on
the history Claimant provided, a review of the medical records and diagnostic studies,
and a comprehensive physical examination of Claimant. More specifically, Dr.
Spellman’s conclusion that Claimant’s neck and shoulder symptoms, if any, did not
result from a work injury was not based on a series of unsubstantiated assumptions, but
rather on facts supported by the record, including Claimant’s “reasonably
contemporaneous medical records near the time of the [May I]njury.” (F.F. No. 42.)
Therefore, Dr. Spellman’s consideration of the note and reliance on it in the context of
Claimant’s other “reasonably contemporaneous medical records” around the time of
the May Injury, in conjunction with his examination of Claimant, does not render his
medical opinion legally insufficient. Id.
24
As to the WCJ’s determination that Claimant failed to meet his burden
regarding the May Injury, we find no error. Contrary to Claimant’s contention that the
testimony regarding his concussion was unrebutted, Dr. King expressed his
disagreement with Dr. Filip’s opinion that Claimant sustained a concussion in May
2015, stating that there was “no clear evidence of any diagnosable concussion at that
time.” (R.R. at 468-69.) It is therefore apparent that there was conflicting evidence on
the issue of whether Claimant sustained a concussion in May 2015, and the WCJ, as
the fact finder, reviewed the evidence and credited the testimony of Dr. King over that
of Dr. Filip. In reaching this conclusion, the WCJ observed that “[t]he statements in
the reviewed medical records support[ed] the opinions of Drs. Spellman and King.”
(F.F. No. 3.)
As we have stated before, the fact that there is contrary medical evidence
in the record simply does not equate to there being a lack of substantial evidence
supporting the WCJ’s findings. Empire Steel Castings, Inc., 749 A.2d at 1024 (“[I]t
does not matter that there is evidence in the record which supports a factual finding
contrary to that made by the WCJ, rather, the pertinent inquiry is whether there is any
evidence which supports the WCJ’s factual finding. It is solely for the WCJ, as the
factfinder, to assess credibility and to resolve conflicts in the evidence.” (internal
citations omitted)). Here, the WCJ assessed the credibility of the witnesses and
resolved the conflicts in the evidence for Employer. We discern no error or abuse of
discretion.
Accordingly, for all the reasons set forth above, the orders of the Board
are affirmed.
25
________________________________
PATRICIA A. McCULLOUGH, Judge
Judge Fizzano Cannon did not participate in this decision.
26
IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
Matt Mariotti, :
Petitioner :
: Nos. 1159 & 1160 C.D. 2018
v. :
:
Workers’ Compensation Appeal :
Board (Ridley Township), :
Respondent :
ORDER
AND NOW, this 20th day of August, 2019, the orders of the Workers’
Compensation Appeal Board, dated August 7, 2018, are hereby affirmed.
________________________________
PATRICIA A. McCULLOUGH, Judge.
| 139 |
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/TV%20S%C3%BCdbaden | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | TV Südbaden | https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=TV Südbaden&action=history | German | Spoken | 194 | 431 | TV Südbaden war ein regionales TV-Vollprogramm für Südbaden, das von September 2001 bis Januar 2015 von der Funkhaus Freiburg GmbH & Co. KG in Freiburg im Breisgau (Baden-Württemberg), einer Tochtergesellschaft der Neue Welle Rundfunk-Verwaltungsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, Nürnberg (Funkhaus Nürnberg), angeboten wurde.
TV Südbaden arbeitete im Funkhaus Freiburg eng mit dem Lokalradiosender baden.fm zusammen.
Geschichte
Der Sender ging am 15. September 2001 unter dem Namen FR TV auf Sendung und heißt seit einem Programmrelaunch im Mai 2003 TV Südbaden. Im Jahr erreichte TV Südbaden nach Mediadatenanalyse durchschnittlich etwa 500.000 Zuschauer in Südbaden.
Am 16. Januar 2015 wurde der Sendebetrieb aus finanziellen Gründen eingestellt. Laut eigenen Angaben war es durch eine geringe Kabelabdeckung in Südbaden und damit einen zu geringen Durchdringungsgrad nicht möglich, kostendeckend zu arbeiten.
Im Frühjahr 2017 hat Baden TV das Sendegebiet von TV Südbaden, also die Stadt- und Landkreise Freiburg, Emmendingen, Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald, Ortenaukreis, Lörrach und Waldshut, übernommen.
Sendungen
Zum Zeitpunkt des Sendeschlusses bestand folgendes Programm:
Weblinks
Website von TV Südbaden
Website der Funkhaus Freiburg GmbH & Co. KG
Website von baden.fm
Einzelnachweise
Ehemaliger Fernsehsender
Medienunternehmen (Freiburg im Breisgau)
Gegründet 2001
Sendestart 2001
Sendeschluss 2015
Fernsehsender (Deutschland)
Ehemaliges Unternehmen (Freiburg im Breisgau) | 3,612 |
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Villard | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Paul Villard | https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul Villard&action=history | Simple English | Spoken | 20 | 37 | Paul Villard (1860–1934) was a French scientist. He discovered gamma rays while studying radium.
French scientists
1860 births
1934 deaths | 10,285 |
https://github.com/angshuman-agarwal/P2P-Finance/blob/master/Quote/MarketData.cs | Github Open Source | Open Source | Apache-2.0 | 2,013 | P2P-Finance | angshuman-agarwal | C# | Code | 64 | 130 | #region License
// Copyright (c) Angshuman Agarwal, All rights reserved.
// See License.txt in the project root for license information.
#endregion
namespace LoanApp.Angshuman
{
/// <summary>
/// Class defining the lenders' market data
/// </summary>
public class MarketData : IMarketData
{
/// <summary>
/// The lender object which contains the lender specific details
/// </summary>
public ILender Lender { get; set; }
}
}
| 48,617 |
https://github.com/dingxing123/fivestar/blob/master/Unity/Assets/Hotfix/GameGather/CardFiveStar/Handler/Actor_FiveStar_PlayerReadyHandler.cs | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | 2,022 | fivestar | dingxing123 | C# | Code | 30 | 125 | using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using ETModel;
namespace ETHotfix
{
[MessageHandler]
public class Actor_FiveStar_PlayerReadyHandler : AMHandler<Actor_FiveStar_PlayerReady>
{
protected override void Run(ETModel.Session session, Actor_FiveStar_PlayerReady message)
{
CardFiveStarRoom.Ins.PlayerReady(message.SeatIndex);
}
}
}
| 49,928 |
https://github.com/kp-favorite/wip/blob/master/JavaScript/DynamicLoadOfScripts.js | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | null | wip | kp-favorite | JavaScript | Code | 79 | 216 | //
// THIS GIVES A STRANGE RECURSIVE DEFINITION OF constructors,
// USE THE OTHER METHOD in DynamivLoadOfScripts2.js INSTEAD
//
var gizur2;
if(!gizur2) gizur2 = {};
// A simple module
gizur2.modules = (function () {
// A private constructor
function MyModule() {
this._myString = ""; // a private variable
}
MyModule.prototype.getString = function() {
return this._myString;
}
MyModule.prototype.setString = function(str) {
this._myString = str;
}
return { MyModule: MyModule }; // make the module public by returning the constructors
}());
| 30,752 |
bub_gb_bitEAAAAcAAJ_28 | German-PD | Open Culture | Public Domain | 1,849 | Regensburger Zeitung | None | German | Spoken | 7,673 | 15,013 | Bei dem Recurdaefub um Gnate ergab fib nun, daß die Vers mwandlung des Todesurtheils in einen Begnadigungdact weder eine Angelegenbeit fei, die im Bereiche des Prinzen von Preus fen liege, noch in ver Befugniß des badiſchen ſtriegeminiſte⸗ riumd, fondern lediglib nad den verfündeten ſtandrechtlichen Belegen zu bebandeln fei. So wurde denn beute (9. Auguft) Bievenfeld um 4 Uber Morgens ebenfalls ſtandrechtlich erſchoſ⸗ fen. &r batte feine, nicht die gerinafte politifhe Einſicht; Feis nerlei politiſche Gefinnung war die Triebfeder feiner Handluns gen, Er war ein Haudegen, ein alter Soldat, der nichtd kannte als fen Schwert; durch bobe Ungnade früh zur Rube gefcht, zief ihn die Revolution wieder zur Thätigkeit; dem Gebot der Wir find im Stand, das allein Wahre ' proviſoriſchen Regierung folgend, nahm er die Wabl zum Oberſt bed 3. Regimentes an, in dem er früber gedient batte, und machte mehrere Gefechte mit. Als er im Gericht darüber zur Rete geflelt ward, antwortete er: „Angegriffen babe ib die Preußen nit; ic wurde angegriffen, und bei Gott — wenn ih angegriffen werde, muß ich mich doch wehren!“ Sei einer ſolchen Gelegenheit, wo er ſich wehrte, blieben von einer Shwas dron preußifher Hufaren 46 Mann, die ihm und feinen Trup⸗ pen zu nahe gefommen waren, Preußiſche Hufaren, wenn auch nicht vom felben Regiment, haben ibn beute früb in die Ewig⸗ keit befördert. Darüber war man einig, daß, wenn ſtreng ges richtet werde, Biedenfeld den Tod ermarten müffe, wenn er au ohne alle revolutionären Grundfäße, obne zu wiſſen, was er that, allem Anſchein nah nur um wieder Pulver zu riechen und zu commandiren, fib den Empörern angeſchloffen batte; mit wen, für wen, gegen wen, das hat er wohl faum übers legt. Desbalb erſchien er zwar ſchuldig, aber minder ſchuldig, als die Andern; und als die erſten 24 Stunden vorüber war ren, freute fib doch Mancher für ihn, daß er begnadigt werde. Nun aber wurde er gegen dad Gefep, und nad einer zweima⸗ ligen Borbereitung zum Tode, der Hoffnung nicht zu gedenten, die man ihm wieder zum Leben gemadt hatte, mebr denn 60 Stunden nad der Publication des LUrtbeild erſchoſſen. Was muß den andern, viel ſchlimmern Rädelsführern geſchehen, wenn man Biedenfeld zweimcl getödtet bat? Seine legte Stunde war, in Gegenwart des Geiftliben, einer würdigen Worbereis tung zum Tode gewibmet; er lad ein ſchönes religidfes Gedicht, ebe er feine Zele verließ, umd folgte entfchloffen na der Nichts ſtãtte. Das beilige Abendmabl hatte er ſchon vor einigen Ta⸗ gen verlangt, ald er zum erften Mal die Erecution erwartete. Eifenband hat no vor feinem Tode an feinen Bott geglaubt. — Die andern Erecutionen werden ſich nun raſch folgen; man fpribt von Mojor Heilig, ald einem der nähften; auch Tiede⸗ mann’d Bertbeidiger ift angefommen und wird nicht viel Zeit brauden, um fich vorzubereiten, denn an Tiedemann iſt wenig oder nichts zu vertbeidigen. Derfelbe wird Morgen vor das Kriegögeribt geflelt werten. — Ueber Kinkel it noch nichts weitered bekannt, ald daß er zu Iebendlänglicher Feitungäftrafe verurtbeilt fei oder werden folle. Wiesbaden, 9. Aug. Heute Nahmittag um 1 Ubr rüdte die Batterie, welche bei Edernförde gefochten, in ihre bie, fige Garnifon wieder ein. Die Straßen, durch melde die tapferen Ranoniere zogen, waren geibmüdt und am @ingange der Kaferne hatten die Kammeraden der Heimfehrenden durch allerlei Schmuck von Krängen, Fadnen x. den frennblicen Empfang verſinnbildlicht. Der Mannſchaft voran wurde rine erbeutete bänifbe Fahne getragen. Die auf den Sieg bei Edernförde geprägte Medaille fbmüdte bereitd die Bruft der braven Soldaten. — Ihre königl. Hobeit die verwittwete Frau Herzogin, welcde am Sonntag erft bier eingetroffen if, reift beute Nachmittag wieder ab nad Gtralfund, um dort mit ber Großfürftin Helene von Rußland zufammenyutreffen. Berlin, 8. Auguf. ine bedeutfame Partei fbeint ſich unter Abgeordneten der zweiten Kammer unter Führung ber Abgeordneten: v. Bederatb, 9. v. Aurrömwald, G. v. Schwer rin, Sampbaufen (Bruder der früberen Minifterd), v. Viebahn N . ı Harkort und Riedel zu bilden. Es wird dieſe Partei die „deut ehemalige Major, fpäter Obrift bei ten Auflländifben, v. Bie | ſche“ genannt. Als Programm fteüt diefelbe auf: Revifion der Berfaffung vom 5. Deyember in dem Sinne der Sicherung der unverfürgten Theilnabme jeder der drei Staatägewalten an der Gefeßgebung. Sicherung der Rechte der Krone wie des Bolfed und unantafibare Aufrebtbaltung der üffentliben Ord⸗ nung. Nachdrückiche Unterlügung ded Minifteriumd bei Durds führung des von Preußen ausgegangenen deutſchen Berfaffunges Entwurfs. Gleichheit der Beteuerung, mithin feine Grundfteuers befreiung in einzelnen Provinzen. In der Parteiitellung der gegenwärtigen zweiten Kammer dürfte die eben bejeichnete Par⸗ tei dad Gentrum bilden und viedeiht die Stimmenmebrbeit er» langen. Diefem Gentrum gegenüber ſcheint fib unter Fübrung des frühern Minifterd Gr. v. Arnim⸗Boitzenburg die eigentliche Rechte zu bilten, die mit dem Gentrum vielleicht hauptſäch⸗ ih nur in der deutfchen Wnaelegenbeit nicht denfelben Gang geben wird. Die äußerſte Rechte, die indeffen ebenſo uns bedeutend if, wie die von den polnifhen Abgeordneten gebils dete äußerfle Linke, dürfte ihre Führer in Bidmart-Echons baufen und v. Kleiſt findeg. In melder Weife fib die Linke in der Kammer geftalten wird, ift noch nicht zu überſchauen. Ratürlih darf man dabei an keine Linfe denken, bei welder 887: die Aufrechthaltung des Königthums im Beringfien in Frage leben könnte. Der Abg. Ev. Simfon batfib beider „Deuts ſchen“ Partei noch nicht in fo hervorteetender Weiſe betbeiligt, daß er mit unter den Fübrern genannt werden konnte. Viele Abgeordnete diefer Partei beabfichtigen indeffen, ihn zum Präs fiventen der zweiten Kammer vorzufhlagen. Die Wabl deffels ihm zwei Sandidaten entgegenfteben, auf melde fib aus befons dern Rüdfibten gegenwärtig eher die Stimmenmebrbeit werfen tönnte. Diefe beiven in Borfhlag gebraten Candidaten find Graf v. Schwerin und Graf v. ArnimsBoißenburg. bei Bifteiz 30,000 Mann Ruffen unter Grotenbielm. Der ans dere Theil des Börgey den Gorpd wandte fib von Rima Szomdath nit nad der Tdeiß, fondern nördlich; zeigte ſich bei ‚ Yifalu und Kaſchau in dem Gomörer und Zipfer Gomitat oder im ' Zatragebirge. (Genauere Angaben fehlen. Die Kaſchauer Por iſt lyihal hinauf von Schemni aber feit 7 Tagen nicht nach Galizien gegangen, aud follen im: u Leutſchau ſich Mleinere Streifcorpsd der Infurgenten gezeigt haben.) ben dürfte aber eine zmeifelhafte genannt werden fönnen, da | Diefe Gtreitfräfte der Magyaren werden von General Grabbe verfolgt, der bei dem Marſche Görgey’s von Waiten das Ipos berbeigerüdt war. Die Magyaren in der Tatra können aber ſchon deßbalb nicht ſtark fein, weil ed ſich jept überhaupt ergeben bat daß Görgey an 20,000 M. in Eriterer it Gandidat des Centrums und Repterer Candidat ber | Rechten. Die Stärke diefer beiden Parteien dürfte ſich bei der Präfiventenwabl berausſtelen. Nab der Stimmung unter eis ner großen Anzahl der Abgeorbneten zu urtheilen, ſcheint ed nicht zweifelhaft zu ſein, daß Ed. Simſon, nachdem demſelben Gelegenheit geworden iſt, fi über feine Stellung zur Aufgabe Preußens auszuſprechen, bei der nach vier Wochen ftattfindens den neuen Präfidentenwahl die Stimmenmehrheit erlangen werde, indem die befondern Rüdfibten, die gegenwärtig feiner Wahl entgegenfteben möchten und die wir bier nicht näber bezeichnen wollen, ald fein Hinderniß feiner Wahl mehr angefeben werden dürften. Aus alem werden Sie unſchwer die vorwaltende guns Komorn zurüdgelaffen hatte. General Grabbe’d Beſtimmung aber war zur Gernirung nab Komorn aufzubrechen. Dieß unterblieb alfo, und während man in Komorn nur 5000 Mann glaubte, verfuchte der dort fommanbdirende Klapka zwei Auds fälle, trieb die Kaiferlichen bei Acs und auf der Schütt zurüd, und erſchien fo plößlihb vor Raab. Der Berluft ver Kaiferlis ben dur dieſen Ausfall if, wenn aud von feiner großen’ ftrategifben Wichtigkeit, doc immerhin bedeutend. Die Haupts refültate müffen wir aber an der Theiß fuchen. Marfbal Pads fewitich ftebt mit 60,000 Mann vor Grofwardein, General Schlick mit 30,000 M. bei Alpar an der Theiß, Feidmarſchall Haynau mit 60,000 Mann in Segedin. Die Kolgen bievon find ſehr einfach zu begreifen. Zuerft wird Paskewitſchs Stel⸗ ‘ Jung bei Großwardein wichtig, weil jetzt Klauſenburg von drei Rige Stimmung der Führer für das Minifterium Brandenburgs | Manteuffel erkennen. Berlin, 8. Aug. Dänifcberfeitd it Hr. Tilliſch, geheimer Kabinetdratb des Königs von Dänemarf, und pers | fonlich entſch ieden dänifd gefinnt, zum Mitglied der proviforis |; ſchen ſchleswig ſchen Regierung ernannt, England hat den Ge neralsKonful Ho dge s ald Obmann beftelt. Der von Preus Ben ernannte Rrgierungd-Präfdent Graf Eulenburg begiebt da fie nur ein Meined Terrain vertbeidigen, mehr und rafıber fib wahrfbeintih übermorgen [dom nah Schledwig. Für den Fall, daß Dänemark zur Inftalation ded Herrn Tinifb nob | einen befondern Kommiſſarius entfenden wird, hat der Dber präfident v. Bonin aus Magdeburg preußıfcerfeitd den Anf⸗ trag, den Grafen Eulenburg zu inſtalliren. Schleswig, 5. Auguſt. Die Landedverfammlung if Seiten durch die Verbündeten bedroht wird, von Billrig aus durh Grotenbjelm, vom Süden aus durch Püders, der ber reitd die Feftung Karlöburg befeßt bat. Bon Klauſendurg füh⸗ ren nur drei Straßen nach Ungarn, die eine bei der Feſtung Karlöburg vorbei nach Hermannftadt, die andere über Biftrig nab der Marmaroſch, endlich die letzte nab Großwardein. Wenn ed auch vorauszuſehen daß Bem durch geſchickte Züge in dem überaus friegsgünftigen fiebenbürgifben Terrain lange nob den Kampf gegen die Aliirten fortfeßen wird — denn mad bilft dort die Uebermabt? — fo ift doch j.pt fein Gorps, oder find feine Gorps von Ungarn abgefhnitten. Dieß it das Refultat im Oſten. Die Magyaren baden dagegen die Batſcha geräumt und find zwiſchen Szegedin und Folds var über die Theiß gegangen. Die obere Theißlinie bis Szegedin ift ihnen alfo verloren, und da fie weder Paskewitſch noch dem General Schlid erbebliben Widerftand geleiftet, fo ift zu vermutben, daß Dembinski feine legten Gtreitträfte zwis (hen Marofb, Theiß und Donau fammeln wird, Dögleich nun Die Deiterreiber mit 120,000 Dann an der Theiß fteben (60,000 Haynau, 30,000 Schlid, 30,000 der Ban) und vom Rorden Paskewitſch mit 60,000 Mann ıbnen die Hand reicht, fo beginn bob eigentlih, wenn er beginnt, zwiſchen Maroſch, Tbeiß und Donau der härtehe Kampf. Die Infurgenten, im Beſitz von Arad, und wie es ſich zu beftätigen ſcheint, auch Temedöward unter dem Commando Dembinsti’d können ſich, concentriren, und ſich jedem einzelnen der ihre Linien überfchreis ten folte, mit ganzer Macht entgegenwerfen, Wien, 10. Auguſt. Wie wir bören, find Privatbericte von einer zwiſchen dem Paskewitſch'ſchen Corps und Dembindfi ‚ engagirten Schlacht in der Näbe von Großwardein eingelaufen. durch die Stattbalterfhaft bereitd zum 7. wieder einberufen, | während fie befchloffen batte, erſt am 8. wieder zufammen zu tommen. DieBeranlaffung, in welcher die Statthalterfbaft das befhleunigte Zufammentreten der Landesverſ. wünfct, liegt dem Vernehmen nad) in einer Mittheilung ded Hrn. v. Prittwiß, welcher zufolge die Diff.rengen über die Demarcationdlinie gegenwär, tig audgegliben find und der Befebung Nordſchleswigs durch die Schweden alfo von diefer Seite nihtd mehr im Wege ftebt. Ungarifcher Kriegsfchauplag. (Rıfultate der letz ten Woche.) Die Erfolge, die und im der lehzten Periode bes | Bei Abgang der Nabricht fol der Kampf bereitd den vierten Zag dauern, ohne noch zu einer Entſcheidung geführt zu haben. Die Sade fol wabrſcheinlich an den febätägigen Kampf bei Hatvan im April dieſes Jahres erinnern. Telegraphifche Depeibe des Herrn Minifterd v. Brud an Herrn Fürften v. Schwarzenberg. Der Friede ift heute unterzgeihmet worden. Ein Courier überbringt ihn, Mais ' fand den 6. Auguſt 1849, Preßburg, 9. Aug. Bei und bält dad militäriſche Spiel bis jetzt an; heute fam mit der Eifenbabn wieder eine ‘ Snfanterieabibeilung aus Böhmen an; die Artileriecompagnie fannt geworden, find (den Komorner Zwiſchenfall abgerechnet) für die Kaiſerlichen fehr günſtig. Görgey's fühner Zug, dem Gelingen nabe, ift vereitelt worden. Während die Ruſſen vor Haynau bier durchkam, der eine durchgreifende zehn Tagen fi noch immer auf der alten Linie von Hatvan nad Mistolcz bewegten, ift Paskewitſch fehr rafb mit 60,000 Mann bei Tiſſa⸗Füred über die Theiß gegangen, hat am 2. d. Debrecjin genommen und ſteht vor Großwardein. Ale Berichte Rimmen darin überein, daß Börgey bei feinem Nudzug fein Armeecorpd tbeilte, und nur fo werden bie folgenden Kriegds ' ereigniffe erflärbar. Er felbft fam mit dem einen Theile glüds li bei Tolay über die Theiß, da aber Paekewitſch mit ver | großen ruffifden Armee zwifhen ihm und Dembindfi ſtand, fo mußte Görgey, von dem zweiten rufiiben Armeecorps unter Saß gedrängt, die Theiß aufmärtd marfhiren und ſteht jetzt vor Nameny, vor fib den General Saß, in rechter Flante die von Galizien bid Tokay berabgerüdten ruffifben Neferoen un« ter Ofen Saden, im Rüden die Karpaihen, in linker Flauke jedoch, die von Wien vor etlichen Tagen anlangte ward mie der zurüdgefbidt. So fhlimm flebt alfo die Sade wirklich nicht, um fo mebr, als heute ein Eourier vom Keldzeugmeifter iegesbotidaft — Bernidtung eines großen Tbeild der Infurgen- tenarmee an der Tbeih— nab Wien bringen fol. Dar über werden wir bald im Klaren fein! Auch erwarten wir in Bälde den Durchzug ruffilher Barden, denen Nikolaus ſelbſt folgen fol; doch dürften diefe vor der Hand bier und in der Umgebung zur Dispofition geſtellt bleiben. Schweiz. Züri, 8. Bug. Gigel und Germain Metternich baben Paffe nah Amerika verlangt und erhalten, Frankreich. Paris, 7. Aug. Die Ledre von den „vollendeten ‚Tbats facben‘‘, weldbe wäbrınd der ganzen Regierung Louis Pbilipp ‘ blubte und die dem Hrn. Tbiers, wie dem Herrn Guizot zur Zeit ibrer Verwaltung, dem Ginen, wie dem Andern, fo gute Dienfte geleiftet, it auch jet noch mit aufgeaeben ; man fucht ' fie auch jept unter dem tepubfifanifden Minifterium in Bezug au die rõmiſchen Angelegenheiten wieder zu Ehren zu bringen. | folate, irgend einen Stoß verſetzen; fie febeint deßhald den Die minifterielen Journale, das „Journals des Debats’’ an | „Debats’ ganz überflüffig und ganz obme Intereffe zu fein. ber Gpige, erfennen jept zwar am, ed würde freilich beffer ges | Sie wird indeh immerbin die eine wichtige Folgen baben: daß mefen fein, die Erpedition nah Rom gar nicht zu unternehmen; | dad Minifterium ed offen und laut befannt bat, daß es die aber was fünne man jegt noch machen, da die Erpedition nun | Berpflibtung übernommen, dem römiſchen Volte den Genuß einmald eine volendete Thatſache fei? „Dad Journal ded Des | zeitgemäßer, freifinniger Inflitutionen zu verfhaffen und zu batö’ fügt: Wenn diefe Debatte, welche jeßt in der Nationale | fibern. Ueber diefen Punkt wird das Minifterium feinen Ber verfammlung über die römifhe Frage gepflogen wird, e6 ver» | gleich fortan eingeben fönnen; in diefem Puntte if ibm eim möchte, und in den Monat März zurüdzuverfegen, zu bewirken, | Rüdfcdritt jept nicht mebr möglid. — Der friedenävertrag daß dad, was feit jener Zeit geſchehen ıft, gar micht vorhanden | zwiſchen Defterreib und Piemont ift dı finitiv unterzeichnet. 6 wäre; wenn fie unfere Flotte mad Toulon, unfer Heer nah | 1 diefe Nachricht beute auf telegrapbiibem Wege bergelangt, aris zurüdzubringen, die Soldaten, welche wir verloren haben, | Defterreib bat zu der von Piemont zu Bunftent nd Leben zurüdzurufen vermochte, auf daß ed dann den Roms | der fombarden verlangten Amneftie feine Zuftims mern allein überlaffen bliebe, mit ihrer traurigen Republik fer» | mung gegeben. (#. 9.) tig zu werden, mie fie ed eben könnten: dann würden wir bier Großbritannien. fer Debatte mit Geduld zubören. Selbſt wenn fie nur au ir London, 6. Hug. Die Konigin ift geflern Abend im gend einem pofitioen und fihtbaren Refultate, zu einer Mendes | Hafen von Kingstown in der Bucht von Dublin augefommen. zung der Politif oder zu einer Gabinetdänderung führen fonnte, | Das Foniglibe Geſchwader batte Gove am Sonnabend um 10 würden wir am ihr einiges Jatereſſe haben.’ Die Debatte | Uhr morgens verlaffen. Die ganze vorbergebende Nacht hindurd wird aber weder Geſchehenes ungefbeben machen, noch dem as | brannten Freudenfeuer auf den umliegenden Hügeln, und die binette und ber Politit, welche ed in diefer Angelegenbeit ber | Häufer von Cove waren glänzend erleu htet. Nachricht für Auswanderer. Bekanntmachung. Mach Berndigung der dänifchen Blokade werden nach America und Australien bie Nachdem wegen Beiſchaffung des Baplır- rühmlihR bekannten Packet · Schiffe des Herrn Slomanm, ſowie andere gute, erſter bedarfet der k. Regierung der Oberpfalz u Claſſe flebenne Schiffe mit Paffagieren erpedirt und zwar: v. Megentburg für das Jabr 18% /,, Fürs nad Vew-Kork an 15.u.20. Aug., 1.u.15. Sept, 1.0.15. Oftbr., 1.u. 15. Mon, | Sorge getroffen werden fol, fo ergeht an die nach New-Orleans am 1. u. 15. September, 1. u. 15. Oktober, Babrifanıen des f. g. Butten- oder Schöpf- nd Port- Adelaide am 15. Auguft u. 15. September. | paplıres die Ginladung, WMufterbögen ibrer Simmilide Bader-Shiffe find aufs Bequemfte eingerichtet, fowie überhaupt vie Aus. Babrifate, auf welchen der gem auefte Preis rüflung ganz vorzüglich befhaflt wir. derfelben zu bezeichnen ift, big langftens zum Nähere Auskunft ertbeilen auf portofreie Anfragen unfer Agent, Herr nn —— Regiever- > age ii ringen, ſowie E duard Engerer ın Regensbur 9; Der Ankauf beichränft ih auf zutes Kanz⸗ z Itie und Koncptvavier und es berechnet Hamburg, den 21. Juli 1849. Knorr & Janſen. der Bedarf “Biss Papier —* er ——— — ———— 320 Riß Kanzlei-⸗ und 75 Riß Koncıptpa= vier, welches nach dem Verbältnih der Lies ferung zur Zatlung fümmt. Regensburg ben 31. Juli 1849. Da nach offiziellen Nachrichten am 11. de. die Blofade der Elbt aufgehoben wurde, fo übernimmt Unterzeichneter zu ungemein biligen Ueberfabrtöpreifen auf anerfannt guten Schiffen. & 12.9 1849. Eduard Engerer, — * Agent von Peer Janen Regie:-Berwaltung EL 1.12 | der f, Regierung ter Oberpfalz; u. Mit allerhochſſter Genehmigung des fgl. Minifteriums des Innern. — @ifele, Reglerungbſekretdr. EAU dATIRONA, ı "Montag den 13. Auguf — oder feinfte flüffige Toilettenfeife gegen Sommerfproffen, @eber» und andere gelbe und MNachmittags zwei Uhr werben in Lit. A braune Klefen fomie fonitige Hautunreinbeiten, von Carl Mreller in Nurnderg. | Nr. 244 neben dem Bräufaus zu St. Jakob Diefe treffliche Atirona-Seife erfept mit großer Guperiorität alle andern Xoilettens | mebrere Zeitungen, Zeitſchriften umd Unter Seifen und Schönbeittwafer, wie fle auch Namen haben mögen. Cie befreit vie Haut ; baltungeblätter in Partbien und von ver- leicht und ſchmerzlos von ven oben genannten Flecken und andern Unreinheiten, flärft | ſDie entn Jabrgängen, öffentlich an den Meift- “und ſchaht le tor den jhäplichen Einflüffen der wechſelnden Witterung, teren Angriffen | bietenven gegen gleich baare Bezahlung verftei- fie bei fleißiger Benügung ganz wmiderfiebt, nimmt ten Sonnenbrand binweg, fell pie | gert. wozu Kaufeluſtige mit dem ®emerken einge» Weile ver Haut ber, verleiht ihr Geichmeirigkeit umd erhält fle in frifchem belebtem An- laden werden, daß die verichiedenen Blätter feben, gibt ihr Ion und Berigfeit, bewahrt vor Mungrln und vertreibt die, weiche zurch Montag den 13. Auguſt Vormittags von 9 Krankheit oder andere zufällige Urſahen enifanden find; Pabei zeihnet ſich die Aroma, | Bid 12 Ubr daſelbſt eingeleben werben fönnen. Seife noch befonders dutch den angenchmiten Woblgerud aus. Es dürfte demnach dad Regensburg den 8. Auguſt 1849. Eau d’Atirona mit vollem Rechte unter allen Schönbeitt- und VBerjüngungsmitteln, die je Der nz in ven öffentlichen Berkehr gekommen find, den erften Mıng einnehmen. Die Zeugniffe | Ausſchuß der Harmoniegefellichaft. berühmter Gbemifer und Aerzte über die Bewährung viejed höchſt wirffamen und gany um | -V \ ſchadlichen codmetiihen Mittel find genügend befannt. Ich empfehle daher dieſes Eau Pius- Verein. d’Atirona allen Damen und Herren, welchen an Reinbaltung und Schönheit ikrer Haut ' Allgemeine Berfammlung gelegen ift, und gebe das große Glas zu 40 fr. und das Fleine zu 20 fr. ſammt Bebraudht- | Montag 13. Nuguft, Abende !/,7 Uhr zettel ab. Nicht weniger Empfehlung verdienen: | im Stauderer-Saal 1, 38 ng ur Erhaltung, Ver- Der BVorftand. Mailändischer Haar-Balsam, nn sn, a thumsbeiörterung und Wiederzeugung der Hauptbaare jomobl als zur Hervorrufung fräfe | u verleihen. tiger Schnur und Backenbärte in ſchönſter Fülle, das große Glas zu 54 fr. und das Kleine 3000 fl. find entiwerer ganz oder theil« ie * — irfiamfeit piered weile u. bei richtiger Zinsjahlung nach 496 ge vielen authentifhen Zeugniffen über Die Wirkſamkeit dieſt ı fogleich zu verleiten. MA. 1. b. Geo. ».B. 21: sg Hab neueiter Parifer Compofie- Zu vermietben. Eau de Mille fleuı 8 tion, welchte das lieblichſte und feinfle In Lit. B. Nro. 64 if ein Zimmer mit aller big jept befannt gewordenen Warfüms darflellt; das arofe Glas zu 36 fr. und das | einem Kabinet zu vermietben, and fannı for kleine zu 18 fr. Wenige Tropfen viefer atheriſch · geiſtigen Klüffigkeit find hinreichend, dem gleich bezogen werden. nit. in ber Grr. d. Bl. Waſchwaſſer, der Leibwäſche, Sacktüchern, Kleivern, Handſchuhen ıc. den köſtlichſten und Fremden Anzeige. dauerndſten Wohlgeruch zu ertbeilen ; De Bel IE 1. Elena a Walk (& En ein vortrefflihes Zimmerparfüm und Luftreinigumgsmittel, | Bart, & Grlangen. Müftefeld v. Würjburg. ‘ Du t: * ia p deſſen höchſt angenehmer erauidender nnd belebenner Duft | Lederer, Borter u. Mever; o Nürnberg, Brüne: den verwöbnteſten @erucdeften befrierigt und ergößt. Breis 15 fr. dad Glas. Auswär— *8 — —— ——— tige Beſtellungen finden prompte Nollziebung, wenn die Beträge glei frankirt mit einger Basen, Kent. 14 Bremen. Se fendet und für Verpadung nach Umfländen 3 bit 6 fr. beigefügi werben. (Borhorn.) HH Schmidt v. München u. Koch Karl Weeller, Chemite n. a Alm. Be Bon dieſen renomirten Mitteln befindet ih in Megensburg die einzige Nieverlage bei | fendorn, —— —— Sue ® “ x München, Stift v. Neuburg u, Porn v. Hruberg, 3. &@. Kimmel. | — Ferne, Auficläger v. Shmwatmünden, BEER REN REEL SER BE —— Medigitt unter Verautworilichteit des Berlegers Friedrich Heintich Neubauer. Be —— = jeive ‚are RAN Negqgens r3e t —— = Megensburger Zeitung Ei — — — N. 223. 14. Auguſt 1849. Dienſtag. Preuſriſche Thronrede. Die preußiſche Thronrede pflũct zuerſt der Regierung ſabſt die Lorbeern, welche ihr für Die Herſtellung des allgemeis nen Friedens aus dem deutſchen Boden in Dresden, der Pfalz und Baden ermuchfen, fohann rechtfertigt fie ihre octroyirte Berfaffung, womit fie der deutſchen @inbeit auf die Füße Hoff. Den preußifchen Rorbeer laſſen wir unberührt und wenden und licher zu der deutſchen Berfaffungdfrage, welche das preußifde Eabinet nuumehr in fo ferne für gelöft anfiebt, ald fie „ven Verſuch gemacht, die politifche Wiedergeburt Deutfplande, der ſich fein deutfber Staat bauernd wird entziehen können, im Wege freier Vereinbarung herbeizuführen.” Zum Bchufe diefee Wivergedurt werden die Kammern aufgefordert, umgefäumt nach allerhöchſter Borlage die auf fie entfallende Hälfte der preußifben Mitglieder des Staarenhaufes zu befims men, Wir bewundern nicht minder’ die Befcheidenbeit des Ber⸗ liuer Eabineted, welches fein Dctrop nur einen Verfuch nennt, ald-die Schnelligkeit, mit welcher ed jenen Verſuch ind keben zu zufen fucht, als bangte ihr vor der von anderer Sritr —2 umferdeffen dewerkſtelligten Verſuchen. Ueber Preußens Stellung zur Gentralgewalt, zu den ſüddeutſchen Staaten in dieſer Frage geſchieht feine Erwähnung; ſollten diefe Verbältniffe für das preußifde Cabinet erwa alled Intereſſes entbedren? Dper follen biefe zarten Berhältniffe ven Hauch der Deffentlidhfeit nicht ertragen Fonnen? oder mit aus dem Eabinette in die Kammer su tragen werth- fein? — Mit gleicher keichtfüßigteit ſchwebt die Thronrede über die Waffenfilitandsabfchliegung mit Dänes- mar? hinüber, welche nit nur die ſchweren DOpfer im deniſchen Nord» und Dfifeehandel und ein unverhälmigmäßiger Sraftaufr wand, (ondern auch die „mögliben Berwidlungen mit andern Mächten“ nothwendig machten. Welche Mächte mögen wohl rine ſolche mögliche Berwidlung vorausfehen laſ⸗ fen? Der noͤrdliche Nachbar iſt geftiedet, alſo nur der Dſten oder der Süden, Rußland oder Deſterreich u. Süddeutſchland. — Es werden bier Berwidlungen berührt, welche doch nirgends eine weis tere Audeinanderfeßung finden. „Alle Wünſche“ ver Schleswig ⸗ Holſteinet konnien nicht erfüllt werden, fo viel erfahren die Ram» mern und.bamit follte dem deutſchen Patriotidmud der Mund ge ſtopft werden; wohl vürften nad diefem Stilftandsabfchluffe die Holfteiner ſo manden ihrer Wünſche verratben und unerfüht fepen! — Die verfpätete Einberufung der Kammern, die pros diforif® erlaſſenen Gefegabänderungen bleiben der Nachficht der Bertreter anbeimgeftellt und nun werden als Aufgaben der neuen Kammern die Berathungen über Gemeinde⸗, Kreidr, Bezirk⸗ und Provinzialordnungen, über Revifion der Berfafs fang und der Verordnung wegen Ablödbarfeit der Reallaften u. dgl. von dem Gabinette vorgegeihnet; da werden doc die Kammern wenig Zeit für unerquidlide Interpellationen finden, wenn die Begislatur fo ein weites Feld vor ſich fibi? — Es iR eine bekannte, mie bejweifelte Wahrheit, daß Thronreden 6.08 Umſchreibungen jenes‘ Taueyrand'ſchen Ausſpruches find: Wir haden die Sprache dazu — um unfere Gedanken zu vers bergen; ader diefe hochgeſchraubte preußiſche Thronrede it denn doch gar zu fpinnefein gemoben, man bemerkt darunter gar zu augenfälig die Riſſe, welche fie verbergen fol, während andere Stellen wirder derart undurchdringlich find, daß ſelbſt der allers preußifdeite Specialpatriotismus fi in diefer Finfternig faum zuecht finden durfte, daber die Bemerkung der Deutſchen Rer form’ ſedt boshaft angebradt war, welche berichtete, daß ſich dad vor dem Scloffe befindlibe Publitum „volftändig rubig’ verbielt, ald ob fie gemärtigen wölte, daß jene Throntede fos gleich allgemeine Aufregung im Publifam hervorrufen Aug. Nicht zu überfeden! In des öfterreichiichen Feldmarſchalllieutenants Woblgemuth au den zuffifden General Paniutine — das der „eufiihe Invalide veröffentlicht — Tommmt folgender Fingen yeig für Deutſchland vor: „Den 21. Juni (Tag der Schlacht bei Pered) rechne ich zu einem der glücklichſten Tage meines Lebend, und ic boffe, Laß wir bald auf einem andern: Felde und vereinen, und gleichfadds gemeinfh aftiich und fiegreich gegen die Feinde der Drbuung fämpfen wer ben. Wir erinnern zugleich batan, daß die tuffifchen Difi⸗ ziere gar kein Geheimniß aus ihrem fellen Glauben madıen, daß der Eyar nach der Unterwerfung Ungarns den .beiligen Kriegdzug nad Deutſchland zur gründlichen SHerfekung der Dronung befehlen werde. Deſterreicher und Ruffen find im Ungarn unter Haynau, Saß und Gonforten im einer Schule; dem beftem Herzen getommenen tgl. Preidfrage über die: kräfs tigfte und ichneüfte Mbhife. der materiellen Roth c., deren Preid von 100 Dutaten bekanntlich von einem Anonymen. une ter dem Motto: „Eritis sicat Deus, scienten bonum et malam'* ereungen. wurde, dürfte meben vielen gebiegenen und beachtens⸗ wertben Vorſchlãgen auch manches ergöglihe darbieten. @inen ber Preiäbewerber flug 4. B. vor: die großen im Bayern (leider noch) befindlichen Moore mit Mönchen adcrtifcher Drdends zegel zu befegen und von ihmen anbauen zu laffen. co Gothes bauptfählichite poetiſche Schöpfungen in einer Neibe , lebender Bilder vorzuführen; Mufit, Gefang und Dellamation werden in diefe Darftelung fo vermoben fein, daß des Dichters Gedachtniß in der Seele der Anweſenden möglichnt lebendig ' werde. Der Magiſtrat hat zw biefer Meier mit anerfennende weriher Bereitwiligteit den großen Ratbbaudfaal zur Verfür | gung geftelt. Dir Ertrag wird zu dem Gtipendienfond für Studirende geſchlagen werden, der bei der Jubelſeier der Er langer Univerfität zu Stande kam. | Raftatt, 10. Hug. Heute wurde über Tiedemann abe geurihrilt. Der Angeflagte war badifcher Dragonerlieutenami, ° fpäter 16 Jahre in griechiſchen Dienften, zulept Gouverneur der biefigen Feſtung. Der Staatsanwalt zählte die Thatſachen auf, deren fib Tiedemann ſchuldig gemacht babe, mos rauf Tiedemann über alle Vorfälle, wobei er betbeiligt gemwefen, fi ausführlich verbreitete und im biefer Herzählung nict nur alle Sympathie für die Anſtiſter ded Aufftande, Struve, Brentano, Sigel u. f. f. verläugmete und berfelben oft in ſehr verächtlicher Weife gedachte, fondern auch allen feinen eigenen Handlungen entweder eine gute Abfit unterzus legen fuchte, als babe er die Sache des Aufrubrd auf geiehe | lihe Wege und zur conftitutionellen Monarchie zurüdführen | wolen, oder feine Dienftleiftungen ald die einer untergeordnes | ten Militärperfon darftellte, welche in Folge einmal eingegans gener Berpflihtungen blind den Befehlen höherer Borgefepten | babe folgen müffen. Seine Wirkfamteit ald Gouverneur, zu melcher er „gezwungen“ worden, ſchilderte er fo, daß er beinahe gänzlib unter dem Terreriomus der Soldaten geſtanden babe. Nur einmal gab er an, ſelbſtſtãndig gehandelt zu haben, bei einem Gefecht bei Großſachſen an der heſſiſchen Bränze, wo ber Ober feblöhaber Bedert nicht zu finden gewefen fei. Uedrigens babe er, wie dieß überhaupt im ganzen Feldzug auf Seiten der Preis beitöfoldaten oft der Fall geweſen, damals gar nicht gewußt, ges gen wen er feuern laffe; er habe nicht gewußt, wer vor ibm, mer auf feiner Seite war, ob Freund oder Feind.“ Diefe ein« zige fonderbare Behauptung ausgenommen, vertheidigte ſich Tier demann mit Ernft und Würde und erregte durch feine Haltung ein Gefühl von Achtung in der zubörenden Berfammlung. Nach allen Thatſachen befand ſich fein Bertheidiger, ein junger Ads votat, Levinger, auf ungünftigem Boden. Died vorandfühlend fuchte er die Competenz des Kriegs⸗ oder Gtandgerichtd anzus greifen. Aber der Präfed erflärte die Zufländigfeit ded Berichts und fomit mußte der Beriheidiger zur Sache ſelbſt übergeben, aber einmal ſprach fo wenig oder nichts für den Ungeflag- ten und dann mißglüdten Hrn. Levinger fo oft die fehr geſuch⸗ ten Unſchuldsbeweiſe, daß die Bertheidigung ald verlorne Zeit und nur ald Formſache erfbien. So wollte zum Beifpiel Hr. Revinger die Verkündigung ded Standrechtd ald auf Tiedemann nicht anwendbar darflellen, „weil ed ibm nicht, wie ed Bors ſchrift fei, mit der Trommel verkündet worden‘; ald ob Tiede⸗ mann zu folhem Zwei einen preußifchen Tambour in die Fe fung gelafien hätte, Als am Ende Einer der Zeugen aus⸗ fagte, daß Tiebemann noch am Tage vor der Uebergabe 3000 fl. von der Stadt erpreßte und für Die Zablung die Gemeinde rätbe mit ihren Köpfen bafıbar machte, da fragte Levinger allzu naiv den Zeugen, ob die Bürger denn nicht freiwillig die Summe | bezahlt Hätten, ob fie denn gezwungen gewefen wären und wa⸗ zum fie ed nicht. auf die Probe hätten anfommen laffen, daß man ibnen wirklich an die Köpfe gebe. Obſchon Tiedemann geftand, mie er ſich nicht verhehle, daß es ſich nicht metr um fein Leben handle, daß bereits hierüber befimmt zu fein ſcheine und daß er dem Tode oft genug ind Auge geieben babe, bier und in Griechenland, um auch jetzt nicht davor zu zittern, fo fuchte er ſich doch äußerft lebhaft zu vertbeidigen und den Ums fand, daß die Richter nicht ganz einflimmig urtheilten, bat Tiedemann wobl mebr ſich felbft, d. h. feinem eigenen Vortrag zuzuſchreiben, ald feinem Bertbeidiger, wiewohl diefer im Gans zen nicht fehler gefprocen bat. Das Gericht entſchied ſich, mit 4 gegen 2 Stimmen, den Präfidenten nicht gerechnet, für den Tod durch Erfhießen. Der Bertbeidiger hatte verlangt, Jahre Kreibeitöftrafe beantragen würde. Das Urtheil wird Morgen früb fiber vollzogen werden, denn an Aufſchub, Tiedemann vernabm ' fein Urtbeil mit einer unbefbreibliden Rube; man fab feine | wie bei Biedenfeld, ift nicht zu denken. Muskel fih in ihm rübren; er fand feſt, wie ein Feld, und verrietb nicht die geringfte innere Bewegung. (D. 3.) Berliner Blätter bringen folgended Schreiben ded Pros feſſors Ziedemann in Heidelberg am feinen Sohn, den ehemaligen Kommandanten von Raflatt: „Heildelberg dem 17. Juli 1849. Mit wahrer Betrübnig, muß ih offen beten, ‚nen, babe ich Deine Zeilen vom 13, Juli erhalten, die mir [eis der die traurige Bewifibeit braten, daf Du Dich in Raftatt befindet. Biöber bielt mich dad Vertrauen zu Deiner Ehrem baftigkeit und Befonnenbeit ab, der in öffentlichen Blättern ver breiteten Nachricht, daß Du Kommandant in Raftatt ſeieſt, ' Glauben zu ſchenken. Sehr fhmerzbaft haſt Du mich aus die for Täufbung geriffen, Sleich bei Deiner Antunft aus Gries chenland, da gewiffenlofe und durch Wabnfinn verblendete Des motraten- Di und Deine militärifben Kenntniſſe in der revo⸗ Iutionären Bewegung zu benußen gebacten, babe ih Dich aufr merffam gemadt, daß es fi dabei nicht um die Aufrebtbals tung und Beribeibigung der deutfchen Neiböverfaffung und um die Erlangung. der Einheit und Macht des theuern deutſchen Baterlandes bandle; — es gelte vielmehr der Durbführung der rothen Republik. Im vorigen Jahre hattet Du den fbändlis hen Einflüfterungen des ebrgeigigen Heder kräftig widerflanden: ih beftürmte Dich daher mit Bitten, auch jeßt Widerſtand zu leiften, und Deinen Namen und Deine Ebre nicht durch Theil⸗ nahme an einer ſchlechten Sache zu beileden. Wenn meine Bitten und vorgebrachten Gründe Di nicht übergeugt und auf dem rechten Wege zu erhalten vermocbten, fo wird die Bekannt machung bed kurzfihtigen Brentano, die ich zur Notiz beilege, Dir gewiß die Augen öffnen. Buben find ed, welde das große Unheil und die nie zu tilgenbe Schande über das fdöne Bas den gebract haben. Du wirft nun bie Ueberzeugung gewinnen, daß Du nicht im Bunde mit ebrenbaften Männern, fondern mit nie derträchtigen, ehrfüchtigen, geldgierigen, verbiendeten Menfchen, mit einer wahren Räuberbande u. dem Audwurfe aller Nationen Europas eine ſchlechte und fhändlihe Sache vertheidigſt. Du gehörſt zu den wenigen edlern Gemütbern, die in neuerfter Zeit durch dem glübenden Wunſch, dem deutſchen Bolfe Einbeit und ‚ Kreibeit erringen zu beifen, vom rechten Weg adgelentt und zum bedenklihften Aeußerſten bingeriffen find, das erfenne und bedente. Hüte Di, den Fluch der Mit» und Nachwelt und aller ber Mitmenfhen auf Dich zu zieben, deren Rebendglüd Du zu zer ftören begonnen haſt. Made einen Berfuch, wenn Du «8 vers magft, die irregeleiteten und verblendeten Soldaten, welde deu Fabneneid gebeoden und im Rauſch ihre Fahnen in den Koth getreten baben, unter denen Zaufende gefochten, geblutet und gefiegt haben und darunter auch Dein verftorbener Onkel der brave Dberft von Hoßing, zur Beſinnnung und zur Pflicht ‚ gegen dad Vaterland zurüdzuführen. Bertraue auf die Gnabe ded Großberzogd, in deſſen Bruft ein ebled Gerz ſchlägt. Die im Mai erfbienene Amneftie ded Großherzogs für die zu ihrer Pflicht zurüdtebrenden Soldaten lege ib bei; tbeile fie ibnen mit, da ganz Baden von den Reihätruppen befrpt if, fo ift jeder Verfub, Raſtatt zu vertbeidigen, nicht nur vergeb⸗ fih und tollkühn, fondern es ift feld ein ehrloſes, ſchändliches Beginnen. Bedenke, daß der Tod jedes in oder vor Raſtatt fallenden Krieger ein Mord if, und daß diefer Dir, ald dem Kommandanten, zur Laſt fällt. Hüte Did, Dein Gewiſſen zu belaften. Es gibt ein Jenfeitd, Du bift verwundet, — fieh die Wunde ald einen Wink der Borfehung an, damit nit ans dere ſchon gegoffene Kugeln Deinem Leben ein ebrlofed Ende machen. Solteft Du taub gegen die Bitten"Deined alten Bas terö fein und gegen das Fleben Deiner befümmerlen Mutter, Deined Weibed und Deines Sohnchens, nun dann fann id nur beflagen, daß die Kugel, die Did verwundet, Dir nicht dad Leben geraubt bat. Solteft Du, durch Gotted Gnade ew leuchtet, zur Einſicht kommen, daß Du auf falfben Wegen wandelft und folteft Du meinen Bitten Gehör gebend, fo glüds lich fein, den Kampf um Raftatt zu beendigen, dann hoffe und wünſche ih, daß Du Gnade finden mögeſt. Berlaffe alsdann Deutſchland und Europa fo ſchnell ald möglih und gebe zu : Deinem durch Heder verfübrten jüngften Brüder nach Amerika, Die Mittel zur Urberfahrt werde ich Dir bei Deinem Ontel in’ Breiten ammeifen; ernäbre Dich als fleißiger Landmann. Es if der einzige Weg, der Dir im glücklichſſen Fall übrig bleibt. Nochmals beſchwöre ib Dieb, Dein Ohr nicht den Bitten und dem Rathe Deined alten Vaters, Deis ner tief betrübten Mutter zu verfchließen. Bedente, daß alle die mannigfaltigen Widermärtigkeiten, die Di im Leben betroffen haben, vorzüglid daraus entfprangen, daß Du für dem guten Rdıb taub warf. Bon Dir hängt ed ab, ob dies die leßten Zeilen find, die Du von der Hand Deined Baterd zu Geſicht betommft. Gott erleuchte Dich, das ift jeht der einzige Wunfc, deh Dein treuer Bater beat. Tiedemann.‘ — Karldrube, 10, Auguf. Se. Kal. Hob, der Prinz von —— der ſchon im Laufe dieſer Woche bier eintreſ⸗ fen ſollte, wird num auf morgen beſtimmt erwartet, Ge. Kal. Hob. der Großherzog, der fhon morgen bier anfommen folte, wird na andern Nachrichten im Laufe der nächſten Woche bieber fommen. Sedenfald wird die Rückkehr nicht mehr ferne fein. — Heute fol Tiedemann in Raftatt in Berhör fliehen, Dem Bernehmen nach follen in Raftatt 42 auf der ſchwarzen Lite Reben. — Finanzminiſterialraih Kühlenthal wurde zum Großh. Minifterium der audmärtigen Angelegenbeiten, und ter gationdrath v. Bockh zum Großh, Kinanzminifterium verfeßt. (Schw. M.) Berlin, 9. Auguſt. Die PräfidentenwahlsUngelegenbeit wird in den Berfammlungen eifrig biscutirt. Alfred v. Auerds wald refignirt zu @unften Gimfond; dagegen werben jept außer geb. Rath Stiehl und Graf ArnimBoypenburg die HH. Küblmetter und Scheerer ald Candidaten aufzeftel. Das Minifterium behandelt die Frage ald eine offene, nichts deſto weniger agitiren dem Gabinet naheſtehende Abgeordnete gegen die Wahl des Hrn. Simfon. Geb. Rath Stiehl if der Can⸗ didat der Äußerfien Rechten; Graf Arnim, dem auch ein gros Ber Theil der Stimmen der gemäßigten Rechten zufallen würde, iſt nicht gefonnen, eine eventuelle auf ihn fallende Wahl anzus uchmen. Hr. Scheerer, ein talentooller aber noch ziemlich jun⸗ ger Mann, dürfte ſchwerlich burch feine äußeren Mittel fi bes fonderd zum Präfidenten empfehlen. Sr. Rühlmelter dagegen iR mit allen äußeren Eigenfbaften eined guten Borfigenden - andgeftatte. Durch die Ermählung eined der beiden leßtger nannten Herren aber würde fein politiſch entfheidender Schritt geſchehen. Schleswig, 8. Aug. Die geſtrige Sitzung der Lan⸗ deöverfammlung verwandelte ſich alsbald in eine geheime, mel de von 12 bid 5 Uhr und dann abermals von 8 bid gegen 4 Uhr Nachts dauerte. Die Refultate derfelben werden zum Theil menigftend wobl in den nächſten Tagen in die Deffentlicteit gelangen. Die „„Börfenhalle”‘ meldet über diefe geheime Sis Kung Folgendes: Man erfährt über das in derſelben Borgefals lene nur, daß der Departements.Chef v. Harbou über die Thätigkeit, welche von ver Regierung feit der leßten Berlagung der Berfammlung in verfchiedenen Richtungen geäußert worden it, fehr ausführliche Mittheilungen gemacht bat, daß zu dem Ende eine Menge vou Korrefpondenzen vorgelegt worden find, welche früher oder fpäter wohl das Licht des Tages erbliden werden. Altona, 8. Auguſt. Mit dem beutigen Abendzuge ges langt die Nachricht hierher, daß die Landedverfammiung mit 54 gegen 44 Stimmen befdloffen habe, die ſchles— wig-bolfteinifben Truppen follten binter die Zir der zurüdgeben, mitbin Schleswig räumen, Bien, 11. Auguſt. Nach eben eingegangenen Privat nachrichten aus Trieſt v. 8, d. M. war daſelbſt ein franzdfis ſches Dampffbiff mit 31 Flüchtlingen and Venedig, worunter Duboid, Reale, Gnarini, eingelaufen. Nach den Ausſagen ders felben war in Benebig die zur Uebergabe geneigte Partei ders jenigen unterlegen, welche auf fortgefeßtem Wiperftande bes barrte, und ed. war in Folge deffen das Palais des Patriars hen geplündert, dad Triumvirat ab» und Manin ald Diktator wieder eingefeßt worden. Die Bomben hatten biöbher nur fehr geringen Schaden in der Stadt verurfaht. — Die geftern mit getbeilte Nachticht von einer Atägigen Schlabt und Rieder lage der Infurgenten ſcheint fib nicht zu beftätigen. Franfreich. Paris, 8 Aug. Eine Depeſche des Hrn. v. Gorceled fagt, der Papft wolle Reformen zugefieben, jedoch freimilig ; es folle nicht den Anfhein haben, daß er durch äußere Macht dazu gezwungen 'wohber. Dudinot Foul Am werben, angeblich ‘weil die militärifchen Operationen ter?) That jedoch, weil Dufaure und Torquewilie finden, er Biete der ’ päpflihen Reftauration zu unbedingt die Hand, — Das Pan - tbeon, das feit einem Sabre militäriſch befeht war, if jept wieder geräumt worden, — Die Nachrichten aus ben Until vom 11. Juli melden, daß Friede und Rube wieder hergeſſeüt find. — Herr v. Harcourt bat dem Präfivdenten der Republik ein eindändiged Schreiben des Pabſtes überbracdt. — Letzten Freitag verfpürte man zwei Erbflöße mit borijentalen Schwin⸗ gungen in Grenoble. (D. P. 3.) ‘ Paris, 8, Auguſt. Abermals, und diedmals mit größer rer Mahrfcheinlichkeit, ſpricht man von einer Eabinetäveränders ung. Here Dufaure fol durch Herrn Leo Faucher, Herr Rule biered dur den General Gourgaud und Herr Paffy durch dem Bankier Achill Fould erfept werden. Man ſcheint Herrn Paſſh bie Dffenbeit, mit welcher er den Mäglicen Zuftand unferer is nanzen aufgededt, nicht verzeihen zu können. — Die Erörteruns gen über die römifchen Angelegenheiten find zu dem längft vor ausgefehenen Ende gebiehen, d. h. fie find ohne irgend ein ent f&beidended Ergebniß geblieben. Die Anſichten der vorzüglide ſten Zeitungen über dieſen Gegenftand find zwar im Einzelnen verfcbieden, im Ganzen jedoch übereinffimmend in dem Puntt, daß es nicht anderd kommen konnte. (D. P. 3.) Großbritannien. London, 8. Aug. Die Zeitungen find mit überlangen Detailberichten über die Anweſenheit der Königin in Dablin angefült. Sie befuchte alle öffentlichen Anflalten, die Univers fität, den berühmten botanifben Garten u. f. m., und dad Bol benabm fich ebenfo enthuſiaſtiſch ald anfländig. — Auch in der Fabritftadt Sheffield (Weht- Yortſhire) fand am Montag eine zablreihe Berfammlung zu Gunſten der Ungarn ſtatt. Gm ans. dern Städten werden dergleichen vorbereitet; in Birmingbam bat der Gemeinderatbe eine folcdhe berufen. Die Londoner „„Parr lamentd+ und Finanzreform-Affociation’ biell am 7. d. ein Meeting in Greenwid. (9. 3.) London, 0, Aug. Die Familie Heald bat gegen Grä⸗ fin Landöfeld, jetzt Miſtreß Healds Klage erhoben, weil die felbe fib zum zweiten Male verbeirathet babe, während ihr erſter Gatte Thomas James noch lebe. Die Klage wurde bei dem Gerichte in Marlborougbfireet am 6. d. M. verhandelt, Am Morgen biefed Taged war Frau Heald verhaftet worden, alfo bei den Verhandlungen anwefend. Gie längnete ihre frübere Ehe mit Thomas James, Dffizier im 21, Ynfanterieregiment der oſtindiſchen Gompagnie, nicht, behauptete aber von ihm gefbieden zu fein. Diefe Scheidung war wirk⸗ lih am 15. Dezember 1842 erfolgt, jtdoch nur zu Tiſch und Bett und mit dem Berbot der Wicberverebelihung des einen Theild, fo fange der andere noch am Leben fei. Nah den Ro» gimentöberihten vom 13. Juni 1849 war Gapitän James noch am Leben und bei feinem Regimente in Dfindien. Am 19, Juli 1849 verehelichte Lola Montez ſich zum zweiten Male. Auf die an fie geflelte Frage erwiederte fie: „Ob Eapitän Jas med noch lebt, weiß ich nicht, Zümmere mich nicht darum. Ich "wurde mit ibm unter falihen Namen verbeiratbet, die Ehe war alfo ungiltig, Wegen der Möglichkeit, daß ber erfte Gatte in dem Zwiſchenraume von ſechs Wochen ges florben fein köͤnne, wurde bid zur Beibringung weiterer Bes meidmittel Lola Montez gegen eine Sicerheitäbinterlage von 1000 Pfd. St. und zwei Bürgfhaften, jede von 500 Pfp., in Freibeit gefeßt. (D. P. 3.) Italien. Rom, 2. Aug Endlich bat die Regierungdcommiffion „alien Untertbanen die weltlihe Herrſchaft des Pap⸗ ſtes“ dur eine Proclamation angefündigt. ch gebe diefelbe in ibrem ganzen Wortlaut, da au diefer bei der Beurtbeilung nicht unberüdfichtigt bleiben fann: „Die göttlihe Borfebung bat aus dem flurmvollen Strudel der blindeiten und ſchwärze⸗ ften Leidenſchaften durch den unbefiegten und glorreichen Arm der katboliſchen Waffen die BVölter des ganzen Kirchenſtaats erlöft, und befonderd aub bie Stadt Rom, Siß und Mittels punkt unferer heiligen Religion. Treu dem in feinem mota proprio (gegeben Gaeta 17. vergang. Monats) angefundigten Berfprecben, ſchict und daber der beil. Baier unter euch mit voller Mat, um auf die befte Weife und fo ſchnell als mogs lich die ſchweren Schäden zu verbiffern, welche durch die Anarchie 5 3 H E eh H E 4 ? H iH HE. des Rathes non Perfonen obl durch ihre Einſicht und ihrem Eifer, ald durch das ne Vertrauen, welches fie genießen, und welches fo viel zum guten Ausgang der Geſchäfle. Es erfordert ſer⸗ ——— Ordnung der Angelegenheiten, daß an Epige der einzelnen Minifterien unbefboltene Männer fer die in dem Zweige bewandert find, dem fie mit allem Eis a eier Daber werben wir fo bald ald möglich ernennen die Borftände ded Innern und der Polizei, der Zus iz, der Finanzen, des Kriege, der öffentlichen Arbeiten und bed Handeld, während die äußern Angelegenbriten in den Hän⸗ eig RERR @ enbeiten das Bertrauen in jedem Kreid und jeder und der bödflen Macht des oberſten Pontifer, mit * Ratur diefed Staates, deſſin Erbaltung der ganzen katholiſchen Welt angelegen iR, und mit den wirkliden Vertürfniffen feiner ges liebten Unterthanen. Rom, von unferer Refidenz im Yalaı des Quirinal I. Aug. 1849. Cardinal G. dela Benga Gew mattei. Gardinal 8. Vannicelli Caſoni. Gardinal 8, Allieri.“ — Das Refultat des Ganzen ſcheint ſonach zu fein: Säcular⸗ verwaltung von 6 Miniflerien, aber Abſchaffung oder gänzliche Abſchwãchung der conftitutionellen Formen. Erſt die Ernen⸗ nungen der Minifler werden zeigen, wie weit man im Einjel⸗ men auf die alten, von der öffentliben Meinung verbammten Zuflände zurüdgeben wird. (D. P. 3.) untmachung. Am 9. dieſes Vormittags 8 Uhr iſt ber berüdhtigte, der öffentlichen Sicherheit höchſt gefährliche ledige Martin Waiger von Süffen- bach zwiſchen Kürn u. Nittenau ber Gendar · wierie-Böforte entiprungen, @& werden alle Behörden erjucht, auf den« felben vigiliren und ihm im Betretungsfalle wohlverwahrt ankerliefern zu laffen. Nittenau 10, Auguft 1849. Königlihes Landgericht Nittenau. May, Yanvriter. BDezeihnung des Martin Waiper. Alter 28 3., Größe 5’ 7“, Haare jchiwari, Augen dunfelbraun, Augenbraunen braun, Nafe proportionirt, Mnnd Kein, Gſlchte farbe blaß, trägt eine Mutze von braunen Tuch mit Les derichiem, ſowarzes ſeidnes Halsıud, baum» zeug, blau und grau geitreift, «ine halbjeibne Meite mit ſchwarzen Grund u. blauen Gtreis fen, dann weißen Metallnöpfen, eine lange ſchwarzlederne Hole, Tange fleife Stiefel mit Duaflın, ein paar Soden-.· ein paar Soden. —Sawrdiihe Febenteifenge 30 Lebenkiehfenze 30 fr. ein Präfervariumittel, murbe mir in | meinen Gjäbr. qualvollen rheumatiſchen Mas genkrampfleiven empfoblen, denn ich war dem wollen:d Hemd, einen Spenfer von Sommers | Tode mahe, weil ich gar midıd mehr vernauen | — konnte, alles erbrechen mußte, wodurch ich feine Treppe mebr fleigen konntt, aber Bott ſey Dank! nah dem Gebraͤuch von 6 Wläfer die- fer Eſſenze, beſinde ich mi gänzlich vogelmuns ber bergeftellt. Strapburg den 23. Dezembr, 1848. Bängel, Schneivermeifler. Dr. Jago Mannabalfam 30 fr. Manus Christi, eine Herzflärfung für todt Kranfe 45 fr. Dr. Gollbarh, Mittel gegen Epilpfle, hinfallende Sucht, Äraifen 36 fr. Grabow, Heildl in Brandrunsen 48 fr. Meißzruge, Oleari ver» borgene Dinte 30 fr., überbaupit Metallvin« ten u. von vollen Farben, u. joldye, Die nie» | mals ſchimmelt, auch Valoer unter die Diute gezen baffelbe d. Port. 30 Er.. ebenio gegen alle andere Alüßigfeiten u. Getränke. Dr. Metador Stnell» Kunfteifig« Bulver 45 fr. Dr. Danner, Salbe in alle Wunden 24 fr, engl. Haaroͤl zur Beförd. d, Haarwachſens 48 fr. Munvleim, Dr, Lacroi Win» u, Bier Berbefferungsband das Stud 42 fr. aenpapier beitet, vom Erfinder felbit, Buch⸗ Flie⸗ l u, bogenmeis, Rofl-, Siad-, Stramin», Bidher, Makularurs, Zabnıweb- u. alle andere Banlere, | — Vropbezeiung von Biihof Wit: | mann 9 fr. Briefpapier mit Regensburg u, | Umgebungen. Thaler u. Mevaillenfamml. m. | Vreiſen 9 fr. Befcht. j. Drfr, w. Sranfı. 15 fr. Feldz. d. Gerz. ' db. 62 täg. Krieges | Frage v. Braunſchw. 9 fr.; d. Menih u. d. Men ſchenleben d. Alexius 2 Ahl. 24 fr. Xylan- der, Terrain-Rebre 15 fr. Carl Herz v. Lotb · ringen, Helvenihaten m. vielen Kyfrn. 30 fr, Deffing, Univerfalbiftorie 12 fr. Bäbfl., perf., ſchweij. u, and. Staaten m. Kpfr. 18 fr. 1000 Rathſeln m. Auflöf. 18 fr. @uler Gorreip. u. Gomptoirgefhäfte 12 fr. water unfer, ſchoͤn litograpb. Zimmer Zierbe (pror weft.) 18 fr. Einige Worte 5. Beben. f. d. Bauern 6 fr. Kreuzweg am Dreyfaltigteite« berg tier 12 fr. Ludwig norinberg. in- signium. imperal. tutelar, m. Kyf. 36 kr. Lettros de larmee en egypte 9 fr, Ent« Reben, Nup. u. Beſtand d. Land- u. Giadts wehr 9 Ir. Bundſchue Aritbmerbil Ar. Tbl. ) 9fr. Eutrepii, brev, histor. romanae 12 fr. Anleit. in 6—12 Stunden den brfien Eſſig au macheu (Bopr. 5 fl.) 38 fr. Wolf, Pre digten 12 fr. Porbed Bellona Kriegetunfl u, Geichichte 35 Hite. m. 1 gebd. Band m. ». Karien, Pläne 2 fl. 48 fr. (kb 30 fl.) Lipowelg Bürger Almanach 809 m. 9 Bil. 18 Er. Baumgartner Berichte. v. Bayern 786 | 9 fr. Offieia perfecta et imperfect 9 fr. Proyart tugenpbalte Schüler 9 fr. Strübe Wanverih. u. Schichſale m. Kpf. 15 fr. Minuroli Feldzug in Noroholland 1799 9 fr. Bibeln viele, einige Tauſend Bortraits, ältere und neuere Vorſchrifien, Landkarten, Holz ſchultte empfiehlt ergebenft E. U. Uuernbeimer, Bach u. Grübgaſſe B.80. | 27,023 |
https://github.com/telecommai/windows/blob/master/Telecomm/SharedLib/ewalletShareLib/include/EOSWidget/eosBase/chain/chainmanager.h | Github Open Source | Open Source | BSD-3-Clause | 2,019 | windows | telecommai | C++ | Code | 73 | 264 | #ifndef CHAINMANAGER_H
#define CHAINMANAGER_H
#include "signedtransaction.h"
#include "eosnewaccount.h"
#include <QByteArray>
namespace ChainManager {
SignedTransaction createTransaction(const std::string& contract, const std::string& actionName,
const std::string& hexData, const std::vector<std::string>& permissions, const QByteArray& info);
void setTransactionHeaderInfo(SignedTransaction& signedTrx, const QByteArray& info);
void addAction(SignedTransaction& signedTrx, const std::string& contract, const std::string& actionName, const std::string& hexData, const std::vector<std::string>& permissions);
std::vector<std::string> getActivePermission(const std::string& accountName);
void ValidateSignature(const std::string& raw, const std::string& signature, const std::string& pubKey, const std::string& chain_id, std::string& result);
}
#endif // CHAINMANAGER_H
| 5,442 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/30271134 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,015 | Stack Exchange | Mark Fisher, Rörd, dsm, https://stackoverflow.com/users/318877, https://stackoverflow.com/users/690139, https://stackoverflow.com/users/7780 | Norwegian Nynorsk | Spoken | 569 | 1,045 | Mapping a Java native function to an array of char results in exception
So I was trying this:
user=> (Integer/toBinaryString ^int (.charValue \c))
"1100011"
user=>
And I thought... Well, that looks promising, so let's try this now:
user=> (map #(Integer/toBinaryString ^int (.charValue %)) "some")
ClassCastException java.lang.Character cannot be cast to java.lang.Number user/eval1209/fn--1210 (form-init3852254868488042860.clj:1)
user=> ; Tried this as well. But without luck:
user=> (map #(Integer/toBinaryString ^int (.charValue %)) (.toCharArray "some"))
ClassCastException java.lang.Character cannot be cast to java.lang.Number user/eval1249/fn--1250 (form-init3852254868488042860.clj:1)
user=>
oops! WTF is going on?
I have the thing working after introducing a hack:
user=> (map #(Integer/toBinaryString ^int (.charValue (Character/valueOf %))) "some")
("1110011" "1101111" "1101101" "1100101")
user=> ; Or alternatively:
user=> (map (fn [^Character c] (Integer/toBinaryString ^int (.charValue c))) "some")
("1110011" "1101111" "1101101" "1100101")
user=> ; Or:
user=> (map #(Integer/toBinaryString ^int (.charValue ^Character %)) "some")
("1110011" "1101111" "1101101" "1100101")
user=>
So, does anyone know why this just won't work without calling Character/valueOf or explicitly casting?
trying your very first statement in http://web.clojurerepl.com/ gives the same ClassCastException as your map version. ^int is not a cast. your type hint isn't converting to int. I'm not sure why you're getting a result for this at all on your first statement
Type hints aren't meant to change a program's semantics. The supposed way to convert a character to a number in Clojure is the int function.
Example:
user=> (map #(-> % int Integer/toBinaryString) "some")
("1110011" "1101111" "1101101" "1100101")
So to be clear, in Clojure, chars are supposed to always be autoboxed into Characters which aren't numbers. The weird part in your code is therefore not when treating chars as numbers doesn't work, but when it does, because in those cases the type hints change the semantics of your code which they aren't supposed to.
Exactly my question. Why is it I have to cast a Character to a Character in order for it to work as I posted it? (Also, I like your solution a lot better. Thanks :)
@dsm: Like I said, type hints are not casts, they aren't supposed to change behaviour but rather exclusively support compiler optimizations. In this case though, you were sometimes able to trigger what is basically implementation-dependant behaviour, i.e. to use the toBinaryString method on the result of .charValue, even though in Clojure the result of .charValue isn't supposed to be a number.
The problem is not there. I knew I had to coerce it in that place as toBinaryString is a java.lang.Number static method, hence the cast/type-hint. The exception arises when the anonymous function takes a Character as an argument to .charValue. This is what I am finding really hard to get my head around. Looks like a bug, TBH.
Continued: But it only happens when the call is nested, hence the slightly convoluted example. If you try plain old (map #(.charValue %) "some") you get the expected result.
Either that or I'm misreading the exception, which is a real possibility as it says cannot cast from Character to Number...
@dsm: The problem is that Character isn't a number, but char is. char gets autoboxed to Character by Clojure (which is a somewhat arbitrary decision: often chars are meant to represent characters and should become Characters, but sometimes they're meant to represent integers and should become Longs). Your type hints allowed you to sometimes "trick" Clojure and use chars as numbers, even though the autoboxing semantics of Clojure mean that this shouldn't be possible.
| 45,131 |
hal-02464404-s41598-020-58153-w.txt_1 | French-Science-Pile | Open Science | Various open science | 2,020 | Author Correction: Characterisation and localisation of the endocannabinoid system components in the adult human testis. Scientific Reports, 2020, 10 (1), pp.1267. ⟨10.1038/s41598-020-58153-w⟩. ⟨hal-02464404⟩ | None | English | Spoken | 734 | 1,380 | Author Correction: Characterisation and localisation of
the endocannabinoid system components in the adult
human testis
John Nielsen, Antoine D. Rolland, Ewa Rajpert-De Meyts, Christian Janfelt,
Anne Jørgensen, Sofia Winge, David M. Kristensen, Anders Juul, Frédéric
Chalmel, Bernard Jégou, et al.
To cite this version:
John Nielsen, Antoine D. Rolland, Ewa Rajpert-De Meyts, Christian Janfelt, Anne Jørgensen, et
al.. Author Correction: Characterisation and localisation of the endocannabinoid system components
in the adult human testis. Scientific Reports, 2020, 10 (1), pp.1267. �10.1038/s41598-020-58153-w�.
�hal-02464404�
HAL Id: hal-02464404
https://ehesp.hal.science/hal-02464404
Submitted on 4 Dec 2020
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archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from
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publics ou privés.
www.nature.com/scientificreports
OPEN
Published: xx xx xxxx
Author Correction:
Characterisation and localisation
of the endocannabinoid system
components in the adult human
testis
John E. Nielsen, Antoine D. Rolland, Ewa Rajpert-De Meyts , Christian Janfelt,
Anne Jørgensen , Sofia B. Winge, David M. Kristensen, Anders Juul, Frédéric Chalmel,
Bernard Jégou & Niels E. Skakkebaek
Correction to: Scientific Reports https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-49177-y, published online 19 September
2019
This Article contains errors. Reference 51 was inadvertently omitted and is given below as Reference 1.
1. Sun, X. et al. Genetic loss of Faah compromises male fertility in mice. Biol Reprod. 80, 235–242 (2009).
As a result, in the Introduction,
“Studies in rodents demonstrated the presence of CNR1 protein in germ cells, Leydig cells and possibly also
Sertoli cells11,12,13,14,15.”
should read:
“Studies in rodents demonstrated the presence of CNR1 protein in germ cells, Leydig cells and possibly also
Sertoli cells11,12,13,14,15, CNR2 in germ cells and Sertoli cells, and FAAH mainly in spermatocytes and spermatids1”
“Ablation of Cnr1 in mice had systemic and local effects on reproductive function; including decreased serum LH
and testosterone levels16, but also disturbance of chromatin remodelling in spermatids13,14.”
should read:
“Ablation of Cnr1 in mice had systemic and local effects on reproductive function; including decreased serum LH
and testosterone levels16, but also disturbance of chromatin remodelling in spermatids13,14. Genetic ablation of
Faah led to elevated levels of AEA and caused impairment of fertility, which was rescued in mice with simultaneous knock-out of Cnr11.”
Additionally, within the Results,
“The peritubular cell reaction was though weaker than in epithelial and myoid cells of blood vessels, which are
known to express CNR1 (Fig. 2).”
should read:
“The peritubular cell reaction was though weaker than in epithelial and myoid cells of blood vessels (Fig. 2).”
Furthermore, within the Discussion,
Scientific Reports |
(2020) 10:1267 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-58153-w
1
www.nature.com/scientificreports/
www.nature.com/scientificreports
“CNR1 and CNR2, or CNR1 alone were described in murine Leydig cells and murine and frog germ cells, leading
to a proposal that activation of CNR1 in Leydig cells is likely involved in steroidogenesis, while CNR2 in spermatogonia B might promote meiotic entry in mice15,33,34.”
should read:
“CNR1 and CNR2, or CNR1 alone were described in murine Leydig cells and murine and frog germ cells, leading
to a proposal that activation of CNR1 in Leydig cells is likely involved in steroidogenesis, while CNR2 in spermatogonia B might promote meiotic entry in mice15,33,34,1.”
Finally, in Figure 2, the bottom right histology image is incorrectly labelled because of an inadvertent rotation of
the image. The correct Figure 2 appears below as Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or
format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this
article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the
material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the
copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
© The Author(s) 2020
Scientific Reports |
(2020) 10:1267 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-58153-w
2.
| 36,675 |
https://github.com/radanalyticsio/oshinko-cli/blob/master/vendor/github.com/openshift/origin/pkg/oc/bootstrap/docker/host/host.go | Github Open Source | Open Source | Apache-2.0 | 2,019 | oshinko-cli | radanalyticsio | Go | Code | 590 | 2,024 | package host
import (
"fmt"
"path"
"strings"
"github.com/docker/engine-api/types"
"github.com/golang/glog"
"github.com/openshift/origin/pkg/oc/bootstrap/docker/dockerhelper"
"github.com/openshift/origin/pkg/oc/bootstrap/docker/errors"
"github.com/openshift/origin/pkg/oc/bootstrap/docker/run"
)
const (
cmdTestNsenterMount = "nsenter --mount=/rootfs/proc/1/ns/mnt findmnt"
cmdEnsureHostDirs = `#/bin/bash
for dir in %s; do
if [ ! -d "${dir}" ]; then
mkdir -p "${dir}"
fi
done
`
ensureVolumeShareCmd = `#/bin/bash
nsenter --mount=/rootfs/proc/1/ns/mnt mkdir -p %[1]s
grep -F %[1]s /rootfs/proc/1/mountinfo || nsenter --mount=/rootfs/proc/1/ns/mnt mount -o bind %[1]s %[1]s
grep -F %[1]s /rootfs/proc/1/mountinfo | grep shared || nsenter --mount=/rootfs/proc/1/ns/mnt mount --make-shared %[1]s
`
DefaultVolumesDir = "/var/lib/origin/openshift.local.volumes"
DefaultConfigDir = "/var/lib/origin/openshift.local.config"
DefaultPersistentVolumesDir = "/var/lib/origin/openshift.local.pv"
)
// HostHelper contains methods to help check settings on a Docker host machine
// using a privileged container
type HostHelper struct {
client dockerhelper.Interface
runHelper *run.RunHelper
image string
volumesDir string
configDir string
dataDir string
persistentVolumesDir string
}
// NewHostHelper creates a new HostHelper
func NewHostHelper(dockerHelper *dockerhelper.Helper, image, volumesDir, configDir, dataDir, pvDir string) *HostHelper {
return &HostHelper{
runHelper: run.NewRunHelper(dockerHelper),
client: dockerHelper.Client(),
image: image,
volumesDir: volumesDir,
configDir: configDir,
dataDir: dataDir,
persistentVolumesDir: pvDir,
}
}
// CanUseNsenterMounter returns true if the Docker host machine can execute findmnt through nsenter
func (h *HostHelper) CanUseNsenterMounter() (bool, error) {
rc, err := h.runner().
Image(h.image).
DiscardContainer().
Privileged().
Bind("/:/rootfs:ro").
Entrypoint("/bin/bash").
Command("-c", cmdTestNsenterMount).Run()
return err == nil && rc == 0, nil
}
// EnsureVolumeShare ensures that the host Docker machine has a shared directory that can be used
// for OpenShift volumes
func (h *HostHelper) EnsureVolumeShare() error {
cmd := fmt.Sprintf(ensureVolumeShareCmd, h.volumesDir)
rc, err := h.runner().
Image(h.image).
DiscardContainer().
HostPid().
Privileged().
Bind("/proc:/rootfs/proc:ro").
Entrypoint("/bin/bash").
Command("-c", cmd).Run()
if err != nil || rc != 0 {
return errors.NewError("cannot create volume share").WithCause(err)
}
return nil
}
func (h *HostHelper) defaultBinds() []string {
return []string{fmt.Sprintf("%s:/var/lib/origin/openshift.local.config:z", h.configDir)}
}
// DownloadDirFromContainer copies a set of files from the Docker host to the local file system
func (h *HostHelper) DownloadDirFromContainer(sourceDir, destDir string) error {
container, err := h.runner().
Image(h.image).
Bind(h.defaultBinds()...).
Entrypoint("/bin/true").
Create()
if err != nil {
return err
}
defer func() {
errors.LogError(h.client.ContainerRemove(container, types.ContainerRemoveOptions{}))
}()
err = dockerhelper.DownloadDirFromContainer(h.client, container, sourceDir, destDir)
if err != nil {
glog.V(4).Infof("An error occurred downloading the directory: %v", err)
} else {
glog.V(4).Infof("Successfully downloaded directory.")
}
return err
}
// UploadFileToContainer copies a local file to the Docker host
func (h *HostHelper) UploadFileToContainer(src, dst string) error {
container, err := h.runner().
Image(h.image).
Bind(h.defaultBinds()...).
Entrypoint("/bin/true").
Create()
if err != nil {
return err
}
defer func() {
errors.LogError(h.client.ContainerRemove(container, types.ContainerRemoveOptions{}))
}()
err = dockerhelper.UploadFileToContainer(h.client, container, src, dst)
if err != nil {
glog.V(4).Infof("An error occurred uploading the file: %v", err)
} else {
glog.V(4).Infof("Successfully uploaded file.")
}
return err
}
// Hostname retrieves the FQDN of the Docker host machine
func (h *HostHelper) Hostname() (string, error) {
hostname, _, _, err := h.runner().
Image(h.image).
HostNetwork().
HostPid().
DiscardContainer().
Privileged().
Entrypoint("/bin/bash").
Command("-c", "uname -n").Output()
if err != nil {
return "", err
}
return strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(hostname)), nil
}
func (h *HostHelper) EnsureHostDirectories(createVolumeShare bool) error {
// Attempt to create host directories only if they are
// the default directories. If the user specifies them, then the
// user is responsible for ensuring they exist, are mountable, etc.
dirs := []string{}
if h.configDir == DefaultConfigDir {
dirs = append(dirs, path.Join("/rootfs", h.configDir))
}
if h.volumesDir == DefaultVolumesDir {
dirs = append(dirs, path.Join("/rootfs", h.volumesDir))
}
if h.persistentVolumesDir == DefaultPersistentVolumesDir {
dirs = append(dirs, path.Join("/rootfs", h.persistentVolumesDir))
}
if len(dirs) > 0 {
cmd := fmt.Sprintf(cmdEnsureHostDirs, strings.Join(dirs, " "))
rc, err := h.runner().
Image(h.image).
DiscardContainer().
Privileged().
Bind("/var:/rootfs/var:z").
Entrypoint("/bin/bash").
Command("-c", cmd).Run()
if err != nil || rc != 0 {
return errors.NewError("cannot create host volumes directory").WithCause(err)
}
}
if createVolumeShare {
return h.EnsureVolumeShare()
}
return nil
}
func (h *HostHelper) runner() *run.Runner {
return h.runHelper.New()
}
| 4,340 |
bulletin03stragoog_12 | French-PD-diverse | Open Culture | Public Domain | 1,856 | Bulletin | Société pour la conservation des monuments historiques d'Alsace | Gesellschaft für erhaltung der geschichtlichen denkmäler im Elsass, Strasbourg. Mittheilungen | French | Spoken | 6,826 | 11,123 | C'était pour assurer la conservation de ce protectorat que Vérèche exigeait régulièrement de l'Abbaye le droit de protection annuel, et lui faisait sa part dans toutes les impositions qu'il levait sur ses sujets. D'un autre côté, le Hundert supérieur, dans lequel se trouvait Harbach, faisait au spirituel partie du diocèse de Bâle, et l'Abbaye, pour ce motif, était cotisée avec le clergé de ce diocèse, de sorte qu'il arriva ce que le prieur redoutait dès 1658 dans une supplique à l'évêque de Strasbourg : s'il fallait, disait-il alors, payer contribution au Roi, nous qui sommes déjà imposés par l'évêché, nous, armes esculides, les sans démembrement de la dièse, sont toujours obligés de contribuer, et pour plus isdém, au moment des besoins, de contribuer à la contribution, nous sommes obligés de payer plus qu'aucun autre dans le gant de Biscaye, et nous souffrons de toutes les trois collectes, et en conséquence, plus qu'aucun autre n'est gravement protégé. Il en fut ainsi jusqu'à ce que, par la force des choses, l'évêché se vit obligé de renoncer à son protectorat; le moment ne tarda pas d'ailleurs. Et en 1665, l'évêque de Strasbourg, auquel les traités garantissaient la Digitisé by V.i *-^*S ^^ — 139 — supériorité territoriale, reconnut volontairement, par un traité secret, la souveraineté de la France. Dès lors le protectorat qu'il exerçait sur Marbach, ne pouvant plus être que nominal, n'avait aucune raison d'être. On le conserva néanmoins, sans doute parce qu'il était une source de revenus. L'année suivante, 1666, l'Abbaye convint avec l'évêque, sous forme de transaction, qu'elle continuerait à payer à l'évêché, d'une part l'imposition pour le rachat d'Obernach pendant le temps qu'elle restait à courir, et le droit de protection d'autre part, mais celui-ci réduit à 30 florins par an au lieu de 83, sauf à être augmentée dans quatre ans, si les revenus de l'abbaye avaient augmenté; l'évêque de son côté s'engageait à faire exempter Marbach de toute imposition royale, sinon à lui remettre le droit de protection, et de toute manière à effacer l'Abbaye des rôles du clergé de Strasbourg pour l'inscrire dans celui des twelfthens Ortenau du Haut-Rhin. Cette "transaction" améliorait sans doute la position de l'Abbaye au point de vue des contributions, mais laissait toujours subsister le prétendu protectorat de l'évêché. En 1673, un bourgeois de Soultz demanda permission d'assigner au Conseil Marsac comme immatriculé à l'ordre du clergé, pour y répondre d'une affaire personnelle, et le Conseil l'accorda sans difficulté. — Nous voilà, de fait, passés sous une autre domination, écrivit le prieur à l'évêché. Que faire ? Refuser de nous reconnaître sujets du Roi, serait encourir la disgrâce de l'intendant et nous exposer à toute espèce de représailles, comme nous en avons fait autrefois la triste expérience. — La régence de Savoie crut sauvegarder ses droits, sans exposer l'Abbaye, en ordonnant au bailli de Rouffach de citer devant lui les deux parties, puisque le demandeur était également sujet de l'évêché, et d'user de toute son influence pour les accommoder. Nous ne savons s'il y parvint, mais l'arrêt du Conseil subsista et ne permit plus de douter des intentions du gouvernement. Dès lors ce ne fut plus qu'une question de temps; et bientôt le Roi exerça sur l'Abbaye tous ses droits de souveraineté, si bien qu'en 1711 et en 1741, les représentants de l'évêque de Strasbourg ne furent plus même admis à l'élection du prieur, malgré leurs protestations. Grâce à son énergie et à sa persévérance, au prix de soucis, d'embarras, de luttes continuels, le prieur parvint, non pas à relever l'Abbaye, le serait trop ambitieux, mais du moins à la sauver d'une ruine presque certaine et à lui préparer un meilleur avenir. Toutefois, sur la fin de 1674, la guerre, qui avait éclaté de nouveau, faillit encore une fois compromettre un résultat si péniblement acquis. L'Alsace avait été envahie; et bien que le prieur eût obtenu une sauvegarde de l'électeur de Brandebourg, néanmoins l'ennemi imposa à l'Abbaye une contribution de guerre de 400 thalers et le logement de dit cavalier avec huit-sept chevaux. Le prieur eut beau se plaindre d'une contribution excessive pour un couvent lui-même aux abois, d'avant plus que les soldats firent main-basse sur les fruits et denrées qu'il avait cru mettre en sûreté chez ses voisins, il ne fut pas écouté et dut s'exécuter. Mais la bataille de Türkheim força les Impériaux à une retraite précipitée, de sorte que le prieur n'eut pas à déplorer d'autre ruine ou d'autre catastrophe, semblable à celles que jusqu'alors, périodiquement, toutes les guerres avaient entraînées avec elles. Avant sa mort, le prieur eut encore la consolation de prouver à l'un des adversaires les plus fougueux de son Abbaye, qu'il ne lui gardait pas rancune. Pendant la guerre, Herrlisheim avait été ravagé par l'ennemi et le château du lieu de Schauenbourg pillé et réduit en cendre ainsi que ses dépendances. Sur la demande de ce seigneur, le prieur lui permit de prendre dans les forêts de Marbach, qu'autrefois ses sujets avaient tant maltraitées à son instigation, tout le bois nécessaire à la reconstruction et aux réparations de ces ruines. Le prieur Pierre Kropeabeif mourut le 24 octobre 1680, après un gouvernement de trente-quatre ans. Cet homme, ce religieux, avec Dieu seul pour appui, fort de son droit, exposé sans secours, livré comme une proie à la rapacité de ses adversaires, presqu'accablé sous leur nombre, trouva cependant dans sa foi et la justice de sa cause, la force et l'énergie de leur faire face à tous dans des temps difficiles. Il triompha de toutes les violences comme de toutes les disgrâces, au point d'arracher à l'avidité d'ennemis tous-puissants les dépouilles de sa maison qu'ils s'étaient partagées. Ce spectacle édifie et console de la défection ou de la faiblesse de quelques-uns de ses prédécesseurs. Les religieux, auxquels il avait rendu leur première ferveur, lui vouèrent une grande reconnaissance. L'un d'eux l'appelle document et juriumque nostrorum defensor accerbissimus; on écrivit même sa vie: Vita P. Kropenberg, qui malheureusement n'est pas arrivée jusqu'à nous. Quoique « dans l'élection du successeur du prieur, on observa à peu près, cette fois encore, les formalités traditionnelles, néanmoins l'évêché de Strasbourg dut comprendre que son prétendu protectorat n'était plus qu'un vain mot. Le nouveau élu, en effet, qui ne put plus être choisi que parmi les religieux sujets du Roi, devait se retirer par devant Sa Majesté, solliciter des lettres patentes, ou comme on disait, des lettres de don, l'autorisant à s'adresser à Rome ou à ses supérieurs pour en recevoir les bulles de conservation, les faire enregistrer au Conseil souverain, et obtenir un arrêt ordonnant remise du temporel de l'Abbaye, après qu'il avait prêté serment de fidélité. Bien mieux, dans les lettres de don qu'obtint Augustin Beyrand, le Roi disait expressément, en parlant de Marbach: « la nomination et la présentation nous appartiennent par droit de patronage, régale ou autrement. » Les bouleversements qu'avaient produits des guerres aussi longues que fréquentes, la confusion des intérêts qui en fut la suite, suscitèrent partout quantité de difficultés et de différends, qu'il appartenait aux tribunaux de trancher, maintenant que l'ordre était rétabli. Sans doute, on n'avait plus à craindre ces coups de force, ces violences, dont le prieur Pierre avait tant eu à souffrir, parce que la justice suivait un cours régulier. Haut ce fut alors véritablement l'ère des procès et par conséquent le règne de la chicane. Et, certes, la chicane n'épargna pas l'Abbaye! À cette époque, les procès étaient devenus un mal nécessaire. Encore en 1743 le commandeur de l'ordre de Halte, baron de Forel, regardait les procès comme "un mal presque inévitable à celui qui a du bien", quoiqu'il ajoutait : "à parler franchement, je m'en passerais". Pour l'époque qui nous occupe, le mot presque est de trop. Il n'entre pas dans notre sujet d'énumérer et de raconter par le menu, la quantité de procès que les successeurs du prieur Pierre durent soutenir ou intenter. Aussi serons-nous très court sur la vie de la plupart d'entre eux, puisque tous leurs moments étaient pour ainsi dire absorbés par des procédures compliquées dont le récit serait monotone et fastidieux. Le successeur du prieur Pierre, Augustin Beywandt, natif de Kaysersberg (1680-1711), suivit en tous points les traditions de son prédécesseur. Ses efforts, d'ailleurs, furent couronnés de succès. Il finit par améliorer la situation matérielle de l'Abbaye, de telle sorte que le manuscrit 1. Ainsi, par arrêt du 21 Janvier 1703, ordonna restitution à l'Abbaye de la dîme noble de huit arpents de terre sises à Huseren, dîme dont le seigneur Christoph de Poller, seigneur pour un tiers de ce village, s'était emparé clandestinement et à main armée deux années de savette. 2. «Et nobili Astatanim stirpe progenium, etc.» Euchh, Collect. Script. rerum huit. nonat. eccles. t. IV. Digitized by Zed by V.i *-^^S ^^ Writ of La Grange, don on can tell the character of the estate, estimated the revenue of Marbach in 1697 at 4,500 francs per annum. Cerles, that was scarcely for the maintenance of a community numerous and of the domestics that exercised the train of culture, so it must have been at least fifty persons. And yet, thanks to a severe economy, the prieur managed, not only to face all the needs, but he could also consecrate a fair sum of money to the repairs that the buildings of the Abbey and especially the great church required. One of the lists of abbots says of him: "qui 30 annis laudabiliter regnavit et multa restauravit, praesertim Ecclesiam et ornamenta illius et domum hospitale aedificavit." Grandidier pretends that the prieur Augustin was the first who made use of the crook and the mitre, an example followed by all his successors. This is an error. The prieur of Marbach always had the right to make use of pontifical ornaments; that is the reason why he was called prior infulatus, and occupied a privileged rank in the chapter general of the Congregation, like the prieur of Rehnbord. He rebuilt the church as it can be seen today; for it is not the portico, whose architecture appears to be from the twelfth century, that is of the old church, burnt by the rustics of Alsace. Graveyard, Œuvres inédites, (II, p. 141). On se souvient que le prévôt Falco obtint du pape Boniface III, vers 806, par l'intermédiaire de l'empereur Frédéric II, le droit de se porter des ornements pontificaux, pour lui et ses successeurs, avec le livre d'abbé. Lorsque Harbaut reçut, en 1098, la Congrégation de Windischheim, les supérieurs continuèrent, comme les abbés qui les avaient précédés, à user de ce privilège. Mais puisque le titre d'abbé n'était pas connu dans la Congrégation, ils furent appelés, comme leurs confrères, prieur ou prélat, ou quelquefois les deux mots réunis, prior-prélat, auquel titre on ajoutait le qualificatif infulatus, mitre, pour les distinguer des autres prieurs qui n'avaient point ce droit. Comme ils partageaient cet honneur avec les prieurs de Heidelberg, ils occupaient les deux, pour cette raison, une place distinguée au chapitre de la Congrégation. Quoique la bulle d'Honorius III se perdit ou fut détruite au milieu des bouleversements dont eut à souffrir l'Abbaye, cependant il ne vint à l'idée de personne de faire la moindre objection à l'usage des pontificaux par les prieurs de Marbach, tant la chose allait de soi et paraissait naturelle. Ainsi, Michael Storcklin se servait habituellement d'un cachet sur lequel se voyait la crosse et la mitre au-dessus de ses armes. Et s'il en avait été autrement, comment aurait-on pu lui reprocher d'aimer le faste en jouant au prélat? Quel cadeau eut été pour lui le magnifique ornement pontifical dont le gratia l'archiduchesse de Brabant, l'infante Elisabeth, Claire, Eugénie, s'il n'avait pas en lui le pouvoir de s'en servir? Le commissaire de la Congrégation, Th. Hetzmeister, dans la lettre par laquelle il annonçait à Pierre Kropenberg que le général le nommait prieur de Marbach (1646), écrivait pour la même raison : "lectura in priorem, sive potius in abbatem Marbachensem." En 1658, le même Pierre Kropenberg acheta à Strasbourg une crosse, sur l'ordre des visites. Augustin Beywandt mourut le 7 août 1711, et eut pour successeur Joseph, Antoine, Preys (1711 oct. 1741), lequel, comme son prédécesseur, vécut accablé de procès : "Ich, mein Herr," répondait-il le 3 mai 1724 à une réclamation que lui avait adressée le baron Roll de Soleure, "dass die allen wegen denen Kriegszeiten zurückgebliebenen Zinsen." Alors, je dois m'appuyer sur des auteurs authentiques et mentionner leur présence et leurs actions, sinon je serais abajlé à mon propre ridicule et dommage. Parmi ces nombreuses difficultés, nous ne pouvons omettre de mentionner les prédictions, qui considéraient que la Concordat avait pour but la conservation du privilège des prieurs de Marbella. Cependant, après la mort du prieur Pierre, le Nonce de Lacerna fit une déclaration expresse à son successeur, Augustin Bertrand, de se servir des pondicheaux, à moins qu'il ne puisse présenter un titre émanant du Saint-Siège qui lui en conférerait le droit. Il paraît que d'habitude les prieurs de Marbella, à peine élus, prenaient la croix et l'anneau et passaient leur tenure sans avoir reçu la bénédiction abbatiale. Le Cardinal-protecteur consulté déclara que c'était un abus. Mais pour corriger cet abus, fallait-il exiger la représentation d'un titre, alors que la bulle d'Innocent III, dont on ne pouvait contester ni l'existence, ni le contenu, avait été détruite par le malheur des guerres? Quoiqu'il en soit, pour obéir à l'injonction du Nonce, on fouilla les archives de l'Abbaye en tout sens, on s'adressa même à Rome aux archives du Vatican. Mais comme ces recherches n'aboutissaient à aucun résultat, le nouvel élu pria le Subtragaire de Mie, Haus, son ami particulier, d'intérérer en sa faveur. Sur les démarches de celui-ci, le Nonce se désista et retira sa défense, de sorte que l'Évêque de Bile consentit à donner la bénédiction abbatiale au nouveau prieur, qui depuis ce moment porta la croix et l'anneau. Candidider n'est de tous ces incidents qu'une connaissance imparfaite; de là l'erreur que nous avons relevée un peu plus haut. Lorsque Augustin Beywadt fut mort, la communauté entière supplia l'évêque de Bâle d'user de son influence à Rome pour obtenir de nouvelles bulles en faveur de ses successeurs, puisque les anciennes bulles étaient perdues. Sa prière fut entendue sans doute; car le 15 décembre 1712, le prieur Ant. Preis reçut la bénédiction abbatiale des mains de Jean Christophore Hans, évêque de Bâle, dans la présence des abbés mitres de Notre-Dame-de-la-Pierre et de Betlelay de l'ordre des prémontrés. Son successeur, Élisée Kiefer, éprouva de nouveau quelques difficultés, mais ce fut, semble-t-il, parce qu'à l'exemple de ses prédécesseurs, sauf le dernier, il avait pris la croix et l'anneau avant la bénédiction abbatiale, usage contre lequel le sufragant Haus s'était vivement élevé. Le général, auquel le prieur avait demandé conseil, engagea celui-ci à beaucoup de prudence et à user de ménagements. De fait, les choses s'arrangèrent bientôt de leur mieux et, depuis ce temps, l'usage des Pontificales ne donna plus lieu à aucune difficulté. De la famille de Ehrenpreys (Pens, IV.), — Alsacien de naissance, peut-être de la famille du conseiller à la régence d'Ensheim, Preis, pour lequel se célébrait un anniversaire à Marbach. "Vir decorandi ordinis et canonicae nostrae visio plena, malique secunda," d'après une lettre de l'abbé Herrnott (1757). Les intentions que les barons de Schauenbourg avaient eues en 1715 et en 1733. Les barons, qui ne pouvaient plus revendiquer la propriété des Torrels qu'ils avaient convoitées, après l'arrêt de 1673, imaginèrent d'y réclamer le droit de chasse. Le droit de chasse, disaient-ils, est un régalien ; et comme les Electeurs tenaient leurs biens en fief, ils ne pouvaient en disposer que du consentement du seigneur direct. Or le titre de 1188 est un titre faux qui porte en lui-même les preuves de sa falsification; puis les évêques de Strasbourg ne devinrent seigneurs territoriaux de Hurbach que cinquante ans plus tard; enfin les terres dont il s'agit faisaient partie du Gef des Schwarzenberg et n'appartinrent jamais à celui des Horbourg, qui par conséquent ne purent valablement les céder, ni à l'évêque Henri, ni à l'abbaye de Hurbach, etc.; autant d'erreurs que de mots! Inutile d'insister. C'était pour la première fois, depuis plus de 500 ans, que le titre de 1188, si souvent contesté et attaqué, était suspecté de faux! L'affaire d'ailleurs ne fut pas soumise aux tribunaux; une transaction y mit fin le 12 septembre 1734. Le prieur, aidé de l'infatigable doyen Élisée Turstenlob, acheva la restauration de l'Abbaye et releva les maisons de recette établies dans les endroits voisins. C'est de quoi on le loue particulièrement: «Qui 30 ans régnait ... a édifié la loterie canonique, ravis l'aire et le stable des vaches et taureaux, et non pas et domus in Heilig-Crucis, une avec l'aire, domus in Herrisheim, denique in église Hurbacensi, nova sedilia in chœur et nova orgues fit construire ... les orgues seuls coûtèrent 6400 florins, sans les frais de montage. Le successeur du prieur Joseph, Elisée Kieffer, natif de Kaysersberg, était cousin de l'avocat Kieffer, celui qui devint le beau-père du premier président de Bouge. Il fut élu le 38 décembre 1741. D'après le droit canonique français, tout bénéfice vacant pouvait être chargé d'une ou plusieurs pensions par le Roi, en vertu de sa qualité de patron féodal et ecclésiastique, antérieure à tout concordat. À l'occasion de l'élection du prieur Elisée Kieffer, le Roi, par ses lettres de don, imposa à l'Abbaye une pension viagère de 1000 frans par an, en faveur du sieur de Boisgautier, conseiller clerc au Conseil souverain. Cette charge nouvelle, ajoutée aux impositions ordinaires (elles ne montaient en 1741 qu'à la somme de 269 livres 91, mais atteignirent l'année suivante le chiffre élevé de 1266 frans). Il mourut âgé de 75 ans, en 57e année de sa profession (abbé Hanhoor 1757). Arrêt notable, 1, p. 91. 30 août 1718. Avant considérablement la position de l'Abbaye, qui n'était pas opulente, tant s'en faut. On fit des démarches pour en être déchargé. L'avocat Kieffer écrivit plusieurs lettres à Paris, à des personnes de marque dans ce but, mais n'obtint aucun résultat (1742). Le prieur avait 69 ans quand il fut élu. Il n'accepta cette charge qu'à regret. Soit qu'il se déliait de ses forces, soit que sa santé laissât à désirer, il voulut même se démettre en 1743, mais le général l'en dissuada. Cependant il ne tarda pas à tomber malade et mourut le 5 mars 1745, frappé d'apoplexie, de mort subite, mais non pas imprévue, dit l'abbé Herrgotl, 73 ans, après quarante-huit années de profession. Son successeur, Joseph Jehl, d'Oberherzberg, fut élu le 4 mai 1745. Les religieux, en demandant en Cour l'autorisation de procéder à cette élection, avaient supplié le Roi de ne point leur imposer de nouvelles charges, parce que les revenus de leur Abbaye étaient si maigres, que sans les paroisses qu'ils administraient, ils ne pouvaient pas joindre les deux bouts. Ils avaient cherché à intéresser en leur faveur le cardinal de Henry, le marquis de Bretigny, ministre de la guerre, le cardinal de Rohan, le maréchal de Broglie, l'intendant et H. de Brou, ancien intendant d'Alsace, alors garde des sceaux. Mais ils ne réussirent point, et on leur imposa une nouvelle pension viagère de 500 ff au profit du sieur Gobel, prévôt de Colmar. Le "neuveau" prieur ne sut pas maintenir l'esprit de discipline et de régularité dans l’Abbaye. En peu de temps, les anciens abus reparurent au grand scandale des religieux demeurés fidèles. De là, comme conséquence nécessaire, le désordre dans les finances, de telle sorte que temporaire hujus Abbatiae, dit le général de Windishem dans son ordonnance du 11 décembre 1754, quantumvis tenulier, tam male et injuste fuerint administrata, ut nisi adhibuissemus modum, continuis in ipsis notabilibus furcis et defraudationibus in materia gravi, eadem domus Marbachensis reducta fuisset in infimam miseriam et pauperielum. Mais les temps étaient passés où l’autorité ecclésiastique se trouvait réduite à l’impuissance, et où les pouvoirs publics se montraient froids et indifférents, lorsqu’ils n’avaient aucun intérêt à favoriser le désordre dans les maisons religieuses. Par un acte daté du 19 juin 1754, le promoteur de l’officialité d’Altkirch, au nom de l’évêque de Bâle, somma le prieur, doyen et religieux de l’abbaye de Marbach « de pourvoir, dans les trois mois, pour tout délai, au rétablissement de la discipline régulière dans leur maison et à la bonne administration des biens et revenus d’icelle, par une visite canonique qu’ils feront faire par leurs supérieurs réguliers... ; faute de ce faire dans ledit délai, ledit promoteur se pourvoira en conformité de l’édit de 1695, dont les dispositions autorisaient les évêques à visiter tous les monastères quelconques de leur diocèse, lorsqu’ils le jugeaient à propos. Au Bisut que le général de la Congrégation, Balbazar de Gutenbourg, eut connaissance de cette sommation, il résolut de faire la visite en personne. Il se pourvut donc à Versailles des autorisations nécessaires, et en attendant qu'il les eut obtenues, il ordonna d'enfermer le prieur et de le faire garder à vue par les serviteurs de l’Abbaye. Toutes formalités remplies, le général, assisté du prieur du couvent de Bethléem, se rendit à Marbach le 2 octobre; il y demeura jusqu'au mois de décembre. L'énquête minutieuse à laquelle il se livra fixa les responsabilités. Le 11 décembre, après avoir félicité les religieux demeurés fidèles et puni ceux qui étaient coupables, il ordonna diverses mesures qui devaient prévenir le retour de pareils abus, et comme le prieur avait manqué le plus gravement aux devoirs de sa charge, il le suspendit de ses fonctions, le condamna, sous le bon plaisir du Roi, à quinze années de bannissement et nomma administrateur par intérim Joseph Herrgott, religieux professe, natif de Gutenbourg. Le Roi ratifia toutes les mesures qu'avait prises le général, et par lettre de cachet, assigna pour résidence au prieur l'abbaye bénédictine de Mousson en Champagne, l'espace de quinze années, sans pouvoir en sortir pour quelque raison et sous quelque prétexte que ce puisse être, à peine de désobéissance (13 novembre 1754). La détention du prieur ne dura pas quinze ans, car le 13 août 1755, il fut frappé d'apoplexie et mourut. C'est à cette occasion que le général rappela aux religieux, en tête ceux qui avaient charge d'êtes, l'obligation où ils étaient de se livrer à l'étude : "quod aut melioris sortis aut effectus monomus R. Adm. Dominum Administrum, ut bibliothecae, quae optimum est ornamentum habitus, per statuendum librarium, qui se consolent legibas praescriptis statutis nostris (ch. XI), parcari et omni caret, et quantum facultas duros permittit, per emptionem annuum, quondam libellis augeri. Le malheureux État des finances de l'Abbaye ne permit à Joseph Herrgott d'y songer qu'en 1757. — Voir sur la bibliothèque de Harbach, BEC tome catholique, 1883; le dernier abbé de Marbach. Il avait quitté Marbach le 16 décembre 1754. Les frais de séjour, d'entretien, de maladie et d'enterrement s'élevèrent à la somme de 1660 S 3 sols. Il est décédé à l'âge de 60 ans et avait trente-neuf ans de profession. Digit zed by V.i *-^^S ^^ — 147 — Jusqu'alors l'Abbaye avait échappé à tous les périls, qui pendant 200 ans la cherchèrent sans cesse et à peu près secouée par les immense fordeaux de ses dettes, sous le poids desquelles, selon toutes les prévisions humaines, elle aurait dû infailliblement succomber. Mais pendant que le général corrigeait les abus et rétablissait l'empire de la règle, un puissant parti s'était formé dans le but d'obtenir la sécularisation de Harbach et sa réunion au chapitre Saint-Martin de Colmar. On faisait à l'intendance et auprès du Roi les démarches les plus pressantes, exagérant sans doute ce qui s'était passé et représentant que cette solution était le seul moyen certain de prévenir tout désordre à l'avenir. Cependant, grâce à l'intervention énergique de l'évêque de Bâle, le danger fut écarté; et tout obstacle étant levé, l'élection d'un nouveau prieur put se faire librement le 10 décembre 1755. Tous les suffrages se réunirent sur l'administrateur par intérim François Joseph Herrgott, âgé de 36 ans. Cependant, le Roi, pour prix de la bienveillance qu'il témoignait à l'Abbaye en lui donnant un chef, lui imposa une nouvelle pension de 1000 livres pour huit années, destinées aux réparations de l'église de Saint-Louis à Strasbourg. Cette nouvelle pension était évidemment une charge trop pesante. En 1757, l'année où elle devait être payée pour la première fois, les impositions ordinaires de Harbach et les anciennes pensions faisaient un total de 4683 livres 3 sous 8 deniers sur un revenu tout au plus de 12000 livres, y compris le rapport des cinq paroisses desservies par les religieux. Restaient donc au maximum 7316 livres 17 sous 4 deniers, qui suffisaient à grand-peine. Ante quinquaginta et un annos, nos defenderal (Episcopus Basiliensis), contra Gallicos secularis, Colmarenses, qui omnes lapides moverant ad sapprimoedam causalem nos trais, et ad futuram providentus uniendo sua collegiata Ecclesiae in Colmar. (Les Religieux à leur général, 24 septembre 1768.) "Je ne vous dis rien du projet de M. Gobel, prêtre de l’Église de Colmar. Les sécularisations et les révocations ne se font pas si aisément qu'il se figure. On ne nous en a pas encore parlé là-dessus, et je vous assure que si on vient à me en parler, je rejetterai la proposition de tous mes efforts. Ce que tous auraient le plus à appréhender là-dessus, ce serait que M. l’Évêque de Bîle consentît à la suppression et sécularisation de votre Abbaye. C'est un très digne Prince et un très vertueux Evêque. Je suis persuadé que bien que l'abbaye de Harbach se soutiendra dans la régularité, il en sera le protecteur, loin de penser à la détruire. Ainsi tout dépend de la manière dont vivront vos Religieux; ils n'ont rien à craindre tant que leur conduite sera éditante et conforme à leur état." (Lettre de l’évêque de Bâle au général, 27 Janvier 1755.) Cfr. sur l’histoire de Joseph Henner: L'Aube catholique, 1883: Le dernier abbé de Harbach, où l’on trouvera sur l'église, les cloches, la sacristie, la bibliothèque, les revenus, le patrimoine de l'abbaye, etc., quantité de détails trop minuscules pour figurer dans cette courte étude. Digitisé by V.i *-^S ^^ 148 aux dépenses ordinaires de l'Abbaye : entretien de seize ou dix-sept religieux sans les novices, salaire de vingt-cinq à vingt-cinq domestiques, frais de culture, entretien coûteux des bâtiments, frais du culte, aumônes, etc. Comment trouver ces 1 000 livres ? Le prieur fit les démarches les plus actives pour faire décharger son Abbaye de ce nouveau fardeau; il ne fut pas entendu. Dans l'impossibilité de payer, il s'était résigné, après ses réclamations inutiles, à se faire assigner et à souffrir une saisie-exécution, lorsque le plus ancien de ses pensionnaires, le conseiller de Fougères, vint à mourir inopinément. La somme que l'on réclamait pour Saint-Louis devint donc subitement disponible. Le prieur se bâta de satisfaire son nouveau créancier, et put ainsi éviter un procès désastreux qu'il aurait probablement perdu. Quelques années de calme avaient permis à l’Abbaye de respirer. Les impôts avaient quelque peu diminué et la situation financière, sans accuser une grande prospérité, était néanmoins assez satisfaisante pour que le prieur, au milieu des préoccupations que lui causaient les procès, put s'occuper de la restauration et de l’embellissement de son église. Tout allait pour le mieux, lorsque tout à coup un édit de mars 1768, enregistre le 3 septembre, vint mettre la communauté dans une cruelle nécessité. Dans cet édit le Roi, empiétant sur les droits du Saint-Siège, en tant que souverain temporel et protecteur de l’Église, réglait de sa seule autorité ce qui regardait le noviciat, le nombre de conventuels de chaque monastère, leurs rapports avec l’ordinaire, etc., et par l’article 6 défendait à tous les religieux du royaume d'être affiliés à une Congrégation étrangère, sous peine de passer dans le délai d’un an, ipso facto, sous la juridiction de l’ordinaire. Ainsi donc Marbéuf se vit obligé de rompre les liens qui l’unissaient à la Congrégation de Windesheim depuis 1462. En 1671 il en avait déjà été sérieusement question; même une démarche en ce sens avait été faite en Cour de Rome. Mais l’affaire n’eut point de suite; et depuis longtemps tout était oublié, lorsque l’édit de 1768 vint faire l’effet d’une mise en demeure. Le général Nicolas Zorn en conçut une vive appréhension. Le 1er mai du maître-autel, qui est tout en marbre de Flandre, garni de bronze, représente tous les saints, dont se trouvent saint Irénée et saint Augustin secundus un ange, tenant le plan de Marbach. (GANDOEBR, Œuvres inédites, III, p. 172). — Ce tabernacle se trouve aujourd'hui dans l'église de Golmar; au plan de Marbach on a substitué le plan de salut Martin. (Voir Le dernier abbé de Marbach, p. 67.) — D'après les comptes du prieur, il fut dépensé par l'église et la sacristie 131. Q89 S, depuis 1756 jusqu'à et y compris 1787; cette somme provenait en grande partie de dons et de legs faits dans ce but. Douleur. Mais que faire contre la nécessité? Il livra donc une autorisation provisoire (5 novembre 1768), parce que le chapitre général seul avait le pouvoir d'accorder l'excorporation définitive. Le 17 août 1769 Simon Nicolas de Montjoie, évêque de Belle, sur le vu de cette autorisation définitive, rendit une ordonnance par laquelle il déclara que le monastère de Marbach, détaché de la Congrégation de Wiesbaden et nouvellement passé sous sa juridiction, serait visité par son vicaire-général et suffragant Gobel; et pour ne laisser aucun doute sur la réalité de cette séparation, le prieur Joseph Herrgolt reprit officiellement le titre d'abbé, titre qui était inconnu dans la Congrégation. La ville de Marbach entra immédiatement dans la Diététique avec l'appui de l'évêque de Belle, et une ordonnance épiscopale du 3 septembre fut acceptée, sans qu'elle se mette en règle avec la Congrégation de Wiesbaden. 2. Elle fiit accordée le 13 Juin 17S9. L'arrêt oa l'édit de mars 1768 n'était obliga toire qa'â partir dn 3 septembre, date de l'earegistremeiit. L'ordonoance de l'éTèqae de Bile qui recevait Marbacb dèHnitiTemeal mos sa juridiction, tnl rendue le 17 aobt 1769. HéamnoiDS ptu* tard, l'éiéque d'Autan soutint que tes religieux ne se soumirent i Isjori diclion de l'ordinaire quo tpbtneuri année* aprit» l'édit, "x qal les met, dil-U, dans le cas de la anppreasioD< I (Mém. de l'abbé Ebrroott, 1788}. L'abbé Joseph Herrgott crut devoir, à cette occasion, demander la restitution des archives de l'Abbaye qui étaient à Saverne. On se rappelle pourquoi et dans quelles circonstances l'Évêque de Strasbourg, Jean IV, s'en empara en 1781, et les fit déposer avec beaucoup de soin dans son château d'Ishcoorg, dans un coffret à deux clés, dont l'une fut remise à l'Abbaye et l'autre resta entre les mains du bailli de Houlche. Plus tard on crut les mettre davantage en sûreté, en les transportant à Saverne. Depuis ce temps, les prieurs de Marbach, malgré leurs réclamations constantes, n'en eurent rien que très rarement communication; on se contentait de leur en donner en cas de besoin des copies fidèles. En 1657, 1658 et 1659, le prieur P. Kropenberg, qui regrettait tant la perte des archives, couldes et autres documents de sa maison, ne put plus, pour y suppléer en quelque manière, obtenir la permission d'en faire prendre des copies fidèles. En 1731, lorsque le protectorat de l'Évêque avait certainement disparu, l'Abbaye renouvela ses instances, d'autant plus vivement qu'à cette époque on faisait faire des renouvellements dans tous ses environs. L'Évêque de Strasbourg ordonna alors de dresser un inventaire de tous les documents intéressant Marbach qui se trouvaient à Saverne. L'Abbaye apprit par son agent, que cet inventaire comprenait plus de 250 articles, mais ne put jamais en obtenir communication. En 1769, alors que Marbach était de nouveau soumis à la Juridiction spirituelle de l'Évêque de Bille, Joseph Herrgott se réserva qu'une nouvelle démarche faite en son nom par son Évêque, aurait quelque chance d'aboutir, d'autant plus qu'il croyait pouvoir compter sur le bienveillant appui du président de la régence de Saverne et de l'Évêque d'Alsace. Mais il ne réussit pas. Aujourd'hui, les archives de Marbach qui étaient à Saverne, ou plutôt ce qui en reste, se trouve aux archives départementales de la Haute-Alsace, fonds de Houlche. Sous d'autres aspects, dit J. Hertzog, dans son Inventaire de 1759, hat Marbach. Digitised by V.i. *-^^S ^^ -- 150 L'orage semblait conjuré, même dissipé, lorsque bientôt il se répandit plus menaçant que jamais et d'une manière tout à fait inattendue. On se rappelle qu'en 1755, on avait inutilement essayé d'obtenir la réunion de l'Abbaye au chapitre Saint-Hartmann. Or, en 1786, ces démarches furent reprises. Averti par l'intendant (26 avril 1786), l'évêque de Bâle ordonna à son ministre à la Cour de France, l'abbé de Raze, de faire toutes les démarches possibles et nécessaires pour que ce projet de réunion ... n'ait pas lieu; et lui-même se plaignit à l'intendant des persécutions continuelles dont Marbach était l'objet. Nobis osti Dominationis bitUich begebt, Iuerrs fundstionla und ein bergementen boch derselben, per modum chronici, alies fleisig pro notitia posterorom goldene Venelchnet seyn. Les lettres de fondation étaient perdues et ne se trouvaient plus à Sarrae. L'autre lettre en parchemin disparut lors de la guerre de Trente ans, selon le prieur Augustin Bey vaodl. Voici ce que ce dernier écrit le 5 décembre 1689 à l'Insinuor de la Collection des manuscrits historico-cléricaux ecclésiastiques variorum Belli signorum ordinum (IV): "Acerbe doleo quod, ob defectu principiálīum documentorum nostrum, quae iam sub decursu septies declinavere, tempore bello rasurcani a potiori perierent et a sedillis tumultum agricolarum torba Iulcano tradita, et violenter fuerant decerpta, per nova et ablata, ampliorem informatiouem dare neque possim. Hostro decurente seculo, usque ad annam 1633, superfuimus apud nos, insigne quoddam et inestimabile Chronicon, ab antiquis canonicis Harbacensibus, ab integris quatuor saeculis, magna sane sedalitate conscriptum, in quo praeterea diversa notata, mirabilis quoque rerum ac temporum metamorphosis, mutationes item statuum, ordinum, proclamationum ac moderativm accurrebant annolata. Hujus proinde libri raritas et praestantia, quam plurimos palam nos irae magnates, viros doctos, et doctorum isthuc Harbacum aliarum, qui non tant animi recondendi causa, quam ob eandem tam certam et evidentem peritiam, plurimos dies isthic se definebant, legebant, sequabantur cum maxima mentis oblectatione divertebant. Verum hujus modi Chronicon, postmodum, tempore bello Suetico, una cum Ibesano et pretiosisimo Ecclesiae nostra omnia (quem civi puri, puli, suco confecitum) Isabella, Clara, Engenia, illustrissima Belgia princeps, nobilis donaveral, Brisacum tradendam ad commune Patriae nostra asinum insitissimum fuit translatum; ubi (admodum iure belli, ad Bernardi Weimariensis, ducis Sazoniae, geographical, uti vocant, auditorem, Georgium Welck, patria Norimbergensis, historicum devenit; et sic in hanc gnusissima Bolivia a nabiscum ablatum perit. — La chronique de Marbach a-t-elle été réellement retrouvée de nos jours et publiée dans les Bibliothèques Germaniques de Petersbourg? A-t-elle été véritablement écrite à Harbach, ou faut-il n'y voir qu'une compilation? Quels en sont les auteurs, etc., etc. Autant de questions sur lesquelles s'est exercée la sagacité de plusieurs critiques, qui, selon la coutume, demoiselle les opinions les uns des autres, solennellement, avec un grand appareil d'édition. — (Psalms, Archives, XL — La traduction allemande de la chronique de Marbach par Gnädini, etc.) Cependant, M. le baron de Flachslanden, maréchal de camp, neveu de l'abbesse d'Ottmarsheim, gendre de M. de Landenberg de Soultz, ayant eu connaissance de ce qui se tramait à l'intendance contre Marbach, eut, à ce sujet, de longues conférences chez son dit beau-père à Soultz-mülheim, dont le résultat fut de profiter de cette occasion pour demander à M. de Brienne, archevêque de Toulouse, protégé de la Reine, son grand ami, et à M. de Harbœuf, évêque d'Aulnoye, administrateur chargé de la fidèle des bénéfices, lié le plus étroitement avec ledit archevêque de Toulouse, la suppression de l'abbaye de Marbach en faveur du chapitre des dames nobles d'Ottmarsheim et de Boussières, pour en réunir les revenus ; ce qu'il obtint par arrêt préparatoire du Conseil d'État du 25 août 1786, signifié à ladite Abbaye le 29 septembre de la même année. Toutefois, on agissait avec la plus grande circonspection, et l'on garda le plus profond secret, si bien que l'arrêt de suppression fut rendu sans l'avision préalable, ni de l'intendant de la province, ni de l'évêque du diocèse, ni du Conseil souverain, sans les formalités civiles ou canoniques d'usage, de sorte qu'il fit l'effet d'un coup de foudre. Il est vrai que l'arrêt n'avait qu'un caractère provisoire ; mais pour qui savait comprendre, c'était un moyen de tourner une difficulté que l'on n'aurait pu vaincre en l'abordant de face, il n'aurait fallu céder devant toutes les réclamations, les vives protestations qui se seraient élevées de toute part ; tandis qu'une fois la suppression ordonnée et toutes les mesures prises en cette vue, malgré leur caractère provisoire, il n'eut coûté, pour les rendre définitives, que la peine de les déclarer telles, sans plus provoquer la moindre opposition. Quoiqu'il en soit, l'arrêt, considérant que l'abbaye de Marbach se trouvait réduite à un si petit nombre de religieux qu'elle ne pouvait plus subsister aux termes des articles 7 et 9 de l'édit de mars 1768, ordonna sa suppression par voie d'extinction. En conséquence, il était interdit aux religieux de se recruter ; leurs biens étaient confisqués et mis sous séquestre pour être employés selon que le Roi jugerait à propos de l'ordonner en temps et lieu, tout en annonçant dès maintenant le projet d'augmenter la dotation des chapitres nobles de Boussières en Lorraine, ou d'Ottmarsheim en Alsace. 2. Mémoire de l'abbé Henri relatif à la disparition de l'île, 1788. Le dispositif fait défense à Marbach de recevoir des novices, et en remet les revenus en séquestre sous l'administration du sieur Brander, avocat, géreclaire-interprète à... Digitized by V.i. 152 était absolument faux que Harbach ne comptait plus le nombre de religieux fixés par l'édit de 1768. Depuis de longues années, ceux-ci ne furent jamais moins que 17 ou 18; et comme telle était la seule raison alléguée pour justifier leur suppression, les religieux ne perdirent point l'espoir de faire révoquer cet arrêt. L'évêque de Bîle écrivit plusieurs lettres en leur faveur au maréchal de Ségur, ministre de la guerre, à l'archevêque de Paris, à l'archevêque de Toulouse, à l'évêque d'Autun, au comte de Montmorin, et recommanda vivement à l'abbé de Raze, son ministre à la Cour de France, de prendre en main leur cause. Le 5 avril 1787, il s'adressa même directement au Roi et lui représenta combien il lui serait pénible de voir disparaître pour des raisons absolument inexactes et controvées une Abbaye dont les religieux, par leur régularité, leur zélé pour le salut des âmes, leur charité envers les personnes misérables, sont devenus des objets de vénération, de confiance et de gratitude publique. H. de Salo Colmar et bailli de château de Wagenbourg, appartenant à H. de Landenberg de Solitude, mais. Ledit sieur Bruder, en qualité d'Économe-sécretain, est chargé de la recette et de toute dépense non claustrale de l'Abbaye, de l'entretien des bâtiments, de fournir le nécessaire pour l'église, de payer les impositions royales, les contre-cens, les frais pour la culture des lignes et des terres labourables, comme aussi de tirer ceux de son administration, sans être obligé d'en rendre compte qu'à H. l'intendant, enfin de verser le reste dans les mains du procureur claustral, qui sera à l'entretien de l'abbé et ses religieux. (Hém. de l'abbé Herrboott.) Dans les termes de l'édit de 1768, le minimum de religieux variait, selon les cas, de quinze à neuf, pour qu'une maison pût subsister. Voici, d'après une lettre de l'abbé Herrgott à son correspondant de Paris, l'origine et le démenti de cette accusation fausse dirigée contre Harbach: 'Je me ressouviens... que l'an 1785 la chambre ecclésiastique, à laquelle préside H. de Fleinglin, pour former un nouveau cadastre et régler les impositions d'achat selon la Justice distribuée, m'a demandé le dénombrement des matières religieuses dans l'abbaye. Digitisé by Vi *-^S ^^ — 153 — mon, second président du Conseil, de son côté, assura le garde des sceaux, H. de Ségur et H. de Vergennes, que si véritablement l'abbaye de Marbach avait manqué de se conformer à l'édit de 1768, le Conseil ne se serait pas laissé prévenir et n'aurait pas gardé le silence. Les religieux eux-mêmes n'épargnèrent ni prières, ni démarches, ni dépenses. Ils virent toute l'argenterie dont ils pouvaient disposer, contractèrent divers emprunts pour un total de 6400 livres, firent imprimer plusieurs mémoires et envoyèrent à Paris deux députés, les chanoines Week et Ebelin. Ceux-ci, sur les conseils de MM. de Tissot, secrétaire du Roi, et du Closey, avocat au Conseil d'État, firent requête au garde des sceaux, recommandèrent leur cause à H.M. Louise de France, épouse du Roi, frappèrent à toutes les portes et dépensèrent une somme énorme en sollicitations. Mais ils luttaient contre un parti pris, et tout fut inutile. A cette époque, on regardait les privilèges de la noblesse d'un œil d'envie, car les idées égalitaires avaient fait leur chemin. Aussi dès que l'on vit que Marbach était la victime d'une injustice évidente dont la noblesse seule devait profiter, la cause de l'Abbaye trouva les plus chaudes sympathies. L'intendant lui-même fit des démarches en faveur des religieux, sans que nous puissions préciser quelles démarches il fit. | 2,462 |
sn85047084_1908-10-18_1_8_1 | US-PD-Newspapers | Open Culture | Public Domain | null | None | None | English | Spoken | 4,306 | 6,719 | The Sunday Advertiser, October 18, 1908. Fraternal Meetings FOX YKESIA EKCAMPMENT NO. 1, I. O. O. F. Every Friday night at 7:30 pm. Odd Fellows' Hall, Fort Street. Visiting brothers cordially invited. K. MEKATO, C. P. L. L. LA PIKER, Secretary. EXCELSIOR LODGE NO. 1, I. O. O. F. Every Tuesday evening at 7:30 pm. Odd Fellows' Hall, Fort Street. Visiting brothers cordially invited. H. B. BROWN, N. G. L. L. LA TIERKE, Secretary. HAXILOUT LODGE NO. 3, I. O. O. F. Inspected to attend. H. F. H. F. J. LIGHT FOT. N. G. E. R. HENDRY, Secy PACIFIC E ELEGANT LODGE NO. 1, I. O. O. F. Meets every second and fourth Thursday, at 7:30 p.m., Odd Fellows' Hall. Visiting Knights are cordially invited to attend. FURNACE LEE, N. O. ALICE LICHOLSON, Secy. OLIVE BULLIDGE REBEKAH LODGE NO. 2, I. O. O. F. Meets every first and third Thursday, at 7:30 p.m., in Odd Fellows' Hall. Visiting Knights are cordially invited to attend. FRANCIS BIVD, N. G. SALLIE LODGE NO. 371, F. A. M. Meets on the last Monday of each month, at Masonic Temple, at 7:30 p.m. Visiting brethren are cordially invited to attend. M. M. JOHNSON, W. M. W. H. GOETZ, Secy. LEGAL CHAPTER NO. 2, O. E. S. Meet every third Monday of each month, at 7:30 p.m., in the Masonic Temple. Visiting sisters and brothers are cordially invited to attend. CLARA M. SCHMIDT, W.M. ADELAIDE M. WEBSTER, Secy. IXI ALOHA CHAPTER NO. 3, O.E.S. Meet at the Masonic Temple every second Saturday of each month, at 7:30 p.m. Visiting sisters and brothers are cordially invited to attend. MINNIE FRAZEE, W.M. A.K. WEBSTER, C.C. LADIES ATTIZZART, A.O.H.D. NO. 1. Meets every first and third Tuesday, at 8 o.m., in C Street. Cordi- Attend. Pres. JOSEPHINE DILLON, Sec. MTS TIC LODGE NO. 2, K. of P. Meets on the second and fourth Tuesdays of each month at 7:30 p.m., in K. of P. Hall, corner Fort and Beretania. Visiting brothers cordially invited to attend. W.L. LYLE, C.C. F. WALDRON, K.R.S. HONOLULU TEMPLE NO. 1, PYTHIAN SISTERS. Meets every first and third Monday, at 7:30 p.m., at Knights of Pythias Hall, Fort and Beretania streets. All visitors Ordinarily invited to attend. MARTHA AHRENS, M. E. C. SALLIE L. WILLIAMS, K. R. S. OAHU LODGE NO. 1, K. of P. Meets every first and third Friday at 7:30 o'clock, Pythian Hall, corner Beretania and Fort streets. Visiting brothers cordially invited to attend. A. DEERING, C. C. J. W. WHITE, K. R. S. WILLIAM McKINLEY LODGE NO. 8, K. of P. Meets every second and fourth Saturday evening at 7:30 o'clock, in Pythian Hall, corner Beretania and Fort streets. Visiting brothers cordially invited to attend. W. L. FRAZKE, U. U. E. A. JACOBSON, K. R. S. COURT CAMOES NO. 8110. A. O. T. Estate every second and fourth Tuesday of each month, at 7:30 p.m. S. A. M. Hall, Vineyard Street. Visiting brothers cordially invited to attend. FL PEREIRA, C. R. M. A. PACHECO, F. S. CAMOES CIRCLE NO. 240, C. O. F. Meets every second and fourth Thursday of each month, at 7:30 p.m., in San Antonio Hall, Vineyard Street. Visiting companions are cordially invited to attend. MRS. HELEN V. PERRY, C. C. MR. L. A. PERRY, F. S. COURT LUKALTLO NO. 6600, A. O. F. Meets every first and third Wednesday evenings of each month, at 7:30 in Pythian Hall, corner Fort and Fort streets. Visitors are invited to attend. T. T. BLACKWELL, C. K. JAS. K. KACHLA, P. C. F. S. HONOLULU AERIE 140, F. O. E. Meets on second and fourth Thursday evenings of each month, at 7:30 o'clock, in Pythian Hall, corner Beertania and Fort streets. Visiting Eagles are invited to attend. W. U. FRAZEE, W. P. H. T. MOORE, Secy. HONOLULU HARBOR NO. 54, A. A. of M. Meet on the first Sunday evening of each month, at 7:30 o'clock, at the hall. All sojourning members are cordially invited to attend. By order of the President, FRANK C. POOR, Secy. THEODORE ROOSEVELT CAMP NO. 1. Meets every second and fourth Wednesday of each month at Waverly Hall, corner Bethel and Hotel Streets, at 7:30 p.m. By order of the H. G. WOOTTEN, Secy. HAWAIIAN TRIBE NO. 1. O. R. M. Meets every first and third Thursday of each month, in K. of P. Hall, corner Fort and Beretania streets. Visiting brothers cordially invited to attend. A. B. ARLEIGH, Sachem. A. E. MURPHY, C. of R. HONOLULU LODGE 616, B. P. O. E. Winnipeg Tidal "n filfi B. will meet in their LINGING KING STREET near Fort. Every Friday evening. By arrangement of the E. R. C. W. H. McINERTY, E. H. C. EASTOX, Secy. R. HONOLULU SCOTTISH THISTLE CLUB. Meets on the first and third Friday evenings, at 3 o'clock, at the Oregon Block. V. tS L'nioa Street. N. M. MacKINNEY in rooms in entrance on NOV. Chief. JOHN MACALAY, Secy. CHUNO WAH LODGE NO. 4, K. of P. Meets every second and last Tuesday at Ita hall, Vineyard street, at 7:30 p. m. Visiting brothers are cordially invited to attend. KAMTEL L. WONT, C. C. WON KIM CHONG, K. of R. & S. HAWAII CHAPTER NO. 1. ORDER OF KAMXHAMEHA. Meets every first and third Thursday evening of each month at 7:30 o'clock in Fraternity Hall. Odd Fellows' Building, on Fort Street. X. FERNANDEZ. Kauhno. GEORGE LODGE NO. 553. Meets every second and fourth Thursday at K. of P. Hall. Visiting brothers cordially invited to attend. ISAAC COCKE, W. P. JOHN RICHARDSON. Secy. V?r-B. U. Hall, Fort X'jeEiwl' Visiting sisters are invited to attend. Mrs. K. CO WES. Mrs. Walter Hoffmann is again at home. The Hoffmanns did very thoroughly and, while they enjoyed themselves immensely, are delighted to be again in sunny Hawaii. Mrs. Hoffmann is looking particularly well and has planned no end of entertainments for the winter. Mrs. Hoffmann is an ideal hostess. Mr. J. F. Hackfeld, who has been in Germany for the past several weeks, returned to Korea this week. Miss Elizabeth Sargent is the guest of Miss Adele Dreier. The Dreier mansion is most suitably adapted to the note of sincerity in the cantata, entertaining, but owing to Mr. Dreier's death, Miss Dreier is in retirement. She is a most charming girl and has a most charming voice. This was followed by a novelty in these festivals, a violin solo by Miss Elman, accompanied by the string orchestra. The Alexander songs and Miss Hestra Hebra and Ruth Young have been heard. The opera, "The Alexander," was a success, and the opera, "The Alexander," was a success. The Alexander songs and Miss Hebra and Ruth Young have been heard. The opera, "The Alexander," was a success, and the opera, "The Alexander," was a success. Left Honolulu for a visit to the Hawaiian Islands. They anticipate being gone about six months. Governor and Mrs. Frear have an ideal way of entertaining their guests. It is not unusual for the Frears to have six or eight at breakfast. It always seems so charming and hos pitable to be asked to breakfast with friends. J v 4 Dr. and Mrs. Langhorne issued invi-' clergy in permitting a violin solo to be lations for a dinner Thursday evening j performed in the cathedral, aroused at their home on Kewalo street, eight ', some wonder; but they gave as their guests being bidden to the affair. The! reason that. 'No great musical compo guests included Dr. and Mrs. James j sit ion which lifts us above the com Tudd. Mr. and Mrs. Gerrit Wilder, ! mon things of earth can be out of Miss Alice Maefarlane, Captain Sy- ' place in a church.' miugton ,and Miss Margaret Castle. ! "The soloists in the various ora Jf J j torios and cantatas included Madame Tuedav evening Mr. and Mrs. Harry ; Clara Butt, contralto; Flunkett Greene, Maefarlane entertained Judge and Mrs. j basso; Miss Agnes Xicholls, soprano, Ballon, Mrs. Robertson, and Lieuten- nl other well-known artists from ant .Jensen of the West Virginia. Loudon. Mr. Charles W. Clark, an J i American, sang 'Elijah.' Lieutenant Commander Ellicott gave a very pretty luncheon on board the Maryland, Friday, in honor of Mr. and Mrs. Henry4 Afong. .3C Miss Hardaway was the hostess at a most charming house party on Satur day last. House parties are always a real pleasure and an invited guest rareiy rails to respond. 3iiss liaraa- waj s guests ere i.uge ana Mrs.. Kingsbury Major and Mrs. adhams, ! Mr and Mrs. Frosser, Dr. and Mrs. na v rs. i rosser, ur. ana ;ure. Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Berg, and Mrs. Lyons, Mr. Tarn, Mc-Count, Doukawiscz, and Lieutenants-in-Chief, Mr. and Mrs. Grew, and Mr. and Mrs. F. V. The officers' ball to be given Monday evening at the Alexander Young Hotel. Many beautiful gowns have been planned for the occasion. Mr. and Mrs. K. Klebahn, Friday evening, by Mr. Klebahn, to which only the guest of honor's most intimate friends were invited. Mrs. G. W. R. King arrived home on the Thomas and is again at the Young. Mrs. K. Klebahn has received many congratulations from her numerous friends on the evident improvement in her health. Mrs. F. M. Swanzys has the coming week completely full of engagements, including dances and bridge will be among the pleasures of the Swanzys' guests. Mrs. Cornwell is now staying at the Pleasants. General and Mrs. John McClellan have left Newport, R.I., where they have been spending the summer, and will stay in Washington for most of the fall and winter. Mr. and Mrs. Benj. L. Marx are now in London, writing from there to a personal friend, Mr. Marx says. "We have just been attending the Worcester triennial musical festival and I send you an account of it, thinking that some of the Advertiser readers might be interested in the special features of this meeting. This was the one hundred and eight which the three choirs, held once a year alternately in the cathedrals of Worcester, Hereford, and Gloucester. We arrived in Worcester on the day of the opening service and found the whole town guy with flags, bunting and flowers. Crowds of people were waiting for the doors of the cathedral to open. We saw the mayor and aldermen and all the town officials arrive in their robes of state, headed by squads of policemen. More than three thousand people attended the opening services and as many more could not gain admittance. "Mendelssohn's 'Eliiali' was he nrsi oratorio gien. i 11 ere were three hundred voices in the combined choirs and about one hundred instruments in the string orchestra. The effect of the credence of chorus, organs and orchestra in the cathedral was magnificent. As the Pishop of Worcester said,'most of us felt that we had been permitted to take part in a very Waited and moving form of divine by Sir Charles Stanford, was performed. This was conducted by the composer. I can best describe it by quoting one of the London musical critics: Religious feeling is the mark of the work, and it is the greatest of its dis tinctions, because it has no obligatory connection with art music which may didly be the accoustic properties of the cathedral being perfect, his wonderful tone was heard to full advantage. His pianissimo passages in the rondo were exquisite. A great many Honolulu people are familiar with Mischa El man's playing from hearing phonographic reproductions of it. I wish they could all have heard him play; it was such an improvement on the canned article. The liberality of the cathedral a secular concert was given on Wednesday evening in the public hall." Three new compositions were perform ed for the first time at this concert, the composers conducting; a fantastic, t.relude for orchestra. 'The Pierrot of the Minute.' by Bantock; a song, (you kept it, and that he had to pay 'England, My England,' by A. H. jthe costs over again himself. The Ad Brewer, sung by Flunkett Greene; and verti anJ th voters are waitins? for .The Wand of Youth.' an orchestral mte written bv 8ir Edward Elgar to ae(,()I . a chiMs, , As Wor. nis home town he reCeived a f 1)is home town he reCeived a ovat;()n wheQ ,,e st d on the ,atform The proffram also included overtures, 'The Little Minister,' bv Mackenzie, 'and 'The Butterfly's i "T . 1 , , i 1 T 1 "I .. .. J - - iiail, BV vowfu; UUU .lu.lil, a nym- phonic poem bv Richard Strauss; a )relll,le bv Debussy, and two songs from w ;ner-s Lohengrin' and 'Die Wf)lkij 7 8nng bv Walter Hill. The fea Wag a great success am WP felt that we were most for- . ,, Harry Wicks, well and favorably known in the Islands, and at present J superintending the putting in of ' the machinery at the immense plant of the , from the palm-covered roof, and the Tabasco Land and Development Co., at pot and tripod were verj' realistic. Oaxaquena, Mexico, has been iu Oak- ,,;,e fImvpr boofll WRS a most beauti land for a few months rest fl,Uv ,iecprilted amv wagon. It was While there he purchased the hand- hn with klen ghower smilax and L-.i, .in 1 . i i t TT M A,. 11a,. . ..... . 1 .. '. V l -w.r.., r'" , lessor or tine arts at the university. The house is delightfully situated in the very best section of the citjv. The grounds are quite extensive and beautifully laid out with choice shrubs and flowering plants, which must sure ly remind Mrs. Wicks of her Island, home. The rose garden to the left, leading down to the -garage,- is very pretty The latter is well fitted lip with all a,.,l(r,tp(i l.iii; .r.l room n'l.ov.. Wh I I 1 - - - - ....... ' " 1 t. " ni lTWi aiwilirt:- I ikm xi . . 1 1 iv ci tut 1 , it 1 iitiFiiii: . vMii 11 1 u u v. 11 tion with the house. Oakland people of means are enthu siastic automobilists and consider it almost a necessity to have one's own chauffeur nowadays. On his return from Mexico Mr. Wicks will in all probability purchase :i ninoliine of tlii most, modern make. an,l with the advent of Miss - Wicks into society, their friends may look for ward to being entertained in their beautiful home. c. The gipsy encampment held at the Moana Hotel on rridav evening was one of the gayest and prettiest affairs ever given 111 Honolulu. The beautiful Moana has never held such a huge crowd of ieoi.le. Tt was simnlv a i.nn from the time the fete started until its close. Everything in the stalls was disposed of before the even- ing closed. The beautifully-decorated booths and grounds made the place seem like a cllmoso of fairvland. The fct w.k .miist- fortunate in iwvinir three such women to do and plan the sreueral scheme as Mrs. Augustus E. Murphv. to whom is due the irreatest Young hotels, who was responsible for hp iriosv ftf thp Si1p:i hplmr nn. received by her, and Mrs. Abrams, to whom much credit is due for the decision. The French battleship Steamer, displacement, 12,750 tons; speed, 18 knots; coal, 1150 tons; armor: Belt, 12 to 9 inches; decks, 2 and 1 inches; sides, 5 to 3 inches; turrets, 10 to 13 inches; secondary turrets, 10 to 5 inches. Armament: Four 45-caliber 12-inch; ten 45-caliber 6. 4-inch; eight 4-inch; twenty-two small guns. Torpedo tubes, 4. Complete, 615. Mr. Cathcart says his memory is bad, regarding the Good Wan Hoy charge of embezzlement, and that Good Wan Hoy was not his client any way, the parties plaintiff being Palea and his wife. The Advertiser presents the following as jogs to Mr. Cathcart's memory, in this connection. The first jog is a receipt for the costs, to be deposited in court, when the suit was filed. It is on the office letterhead, of Cathcart & Parke, is in Cathcart's handwriting and reads as follows: "J. W. Cathcart W C. Parke "Cathcart & Parke "Attorneys at Law, "13 Kaahumanu St. "Honolulu, H. I., March 7, 1899. "Received from G. W. Ahoy the sum of thirty-seven 50-100 dollars as court casts in case Palea et al: vs. Davis. As Mr. Cathcart may not find the amount in his cash book for March 7, 1899, the Advertiser will jog his memory to remember that in fact he received the money a week or so before the 7th, but did not give the receipt until March 7th. And while you are furbishing up your memory, Mr. Cathcart, do not forget to tell what you did with this $37.50. Did you ever deposit it in court as costs? "If not, why not?" If you did not pay it into court, what did you do with it? Goo Wan Hoy says that your answer to this question. Another Jog., The following receipt in Mr. Cathcart's handwriting may also recall to his failing memory that Goo Wan Hoy was a good enough client to collect fees out of, even though he was not enough of a client to pay money over to, after it had been collected on Goo Wan Hoy's account. This is the receipt, written in Cathcart's. She was assisted by Mrs. Soule and Miss Rycroft. Mrs. Marston Campbell and Mrs. Wallace Farrington had the lemonade booth, with its imps and angels. Oranges, lemons and citrus fruit hung in. Mrs. Hallou, Mrs. Robertson, Mrs. Wadhams and Mrs. J. P. Cooke made no end of money there. The ice cream booth, with Irmgard Schaefer as chairman, could not serve the ice cream and cake fast enough to supply the demand, Miss Schaefer was most capably assisted by the thirteen. lovely girls. The ringcake booth was a proper gipsy-camp feature. 1'ots. kettles, pans, dippers, tubs and dishes, with a U'Wing camp fire, made one feel as if 1a. T- J - 1 J IT n were tionwuiia msieau 01 Hawaii Mrs. Wall and her bevy of pretty girls made ideal gipsy campers. Mrs. Walker, Mrs. Watson and Mrs. Middleditch served . the very best of 1 Kona coffee and cream, with a variety of sandwiches. The demand was so great that the supply gave out. Mrs. Gerrit Wilder 's was a most ar tistic spot. The garden was hung with Persian, Kashmir and Turkish rugs. A quaint old lodge gate lamp was much admired. The tea and singing in this booth kept it crowded all the evening. The Hawaiian booth was very at tractive and many purchases were made there. There were some magnificent chrys anthemums sold from the flower booth of Mrs. Ballou which caused much fa vorable comment. They were raised by Mrs. A. X. Campbell at her resi dence above Piikoi street, near Luna lilo lionie Special mention should be made of the dancing entertainment. , Mrs. Giinn's charming pantomime dolls, who danced :nd gestiirod so gracefully to Mrs. Gunn's splendid reading and Mrs. I'.rown's finished accompaniment, were a great pleasure. The little Center sisters danced gracefully a Spanish nance, accompanied by a guitar and nance, accompanied by castmets. enor .loe Roinono played j the guitar beautifully and won tliiin- ders of applause. Beautiful and artis-j tic was the dancing of Miss de Lar-' J J ,5t S S Jt v v S t.51 ft. Cart's handwriting on the back of one of Cart's law cards, viz: "Received of Ot. W. Ahoy the sum of forty dollars on account for fees in case Palea v. Meleana Davis. Bal. $10. "CATHCART & PARKE. "Kailua, April 3rd." Still Another Jog. And now enters little Che-fa Willie on the scene, and hands you this gentle memory refreshener. It purports to be a receipt for the "remainder of the fee, and is in little Willie's choicest Spencerian script. The receipt reads as follows, viz: "Kailua, Kona, Island of Hawaii, April 4, 1899. Received of G. W. Ahoy the sum of ten dollars ($10.00), same being balance due for services in Palea vs. Meleana Davis. "CATHCART and PARKE, By W. H. CRAWFORD. Now Mr. Cart, with your memory thus refreshed, when you make your full reply to Goo Wan Hoy's charges, please state what the relation between you and Goo Wan Hoy were, if they were not those of attorney and client? If Goo Wan Hoy was not the real party in interest, why did you pay a part of the money which you collected from W.E. Castle, in this case, to Attorney Humphreys when a Goo Wan Hoy's attorney he sued you for it? And again, when collector Harry T. Mills, acting for Goo Wan Hoy, got after you for the last $5." Of your note, last April, why did you pay him $75, after blushing him out of the other $20, if Goo Wan Hoy was not your client, and therefore entitled to receive the frazzle ends of what there was left of the proceeds of the case, which you had collected from W. R. Castle. Now really, Mr. Cathcart was not Good Van Hoy your client? If he was not your client, why did you pay him anything. If he was your client, why did you not pay him all that you collected from W. R. Castle, in settlement of the case? The candy and pillow booths were in one stall, the color scheme being red, yellow and green. The idea was most artistically carried out, and crotons of the same colors harmonized. The easy divans and lounging chairs made the pillow and candy booth one of great beauty. Mrs. Swanzy's pillows sold very rapidly, and, needless to say, the candies were gone before the evening was half over. The ladies assisting in this booth did much for the Humane Society. The grab bag was immense, the girls netting a deal of money. Miss Sargent was in charge. Miss Adele Dreier donated the money for this booth, which was a most generous gift and greatly appreciated. The post office was no end of fun, and all kinds of letters were received, some of them very funny. Mrs. Cornwell and Mrs. Kingsbury, with their assistants, did admirably. The peanut fortune booth was a great success, and the girls assisting Mrs. Augustus Murphy not only had heaps of fun, but sold their peanuts profitably. The ladies having the dance badges were simply stunning. Herr Berger discoursed sweet music until ten, when the dance in The ballroom started. Mr. Hertscbe, Mr. Jones and Mr. Hoffman were unfailing in their efforts to assist, and without their many kindnesses the fete could not have been. The ilima lei and gipsy bead booth was a pretty affair and designed after an ideal Hungarian gipsy camp, and the costumes worn by the ladies in charge were designed after the Hungarian garb of the Romanies. The camp was set on the drive under the windows of the parlor, and there amid the soft glow of incense a pretty dark red tent was raised against the wall in which were heaped beautiful paper ilima leis and bead necklaces. A gipsy camp kettle, under which a fire glowed, bubbling over with beads, palms and logs of wood gave a real Roman toch to the scene. Probably no booth was filled with so completely garbed ladies in the true gipsy costume. The booth was in charge of Mrs. Albert P. Taylor, assisted by Mrs. Henry Afong, Miss Irene Boyd, Mrs. M. D. Brown, Miss Ruth Johnson and the little Misses Harriet and Marie Davison. The ladies were almost all alike and the arm, neck, ear and hair ornaments, of copper, representing Turkish gold, gave a barbaric touch. The skirts were composed of bandana kerchiefs, alternating with bands of yellow crepe, with blouses of yellow silk. For shoulder drapes there were fringed shawls hanging loosely, for two things cherished by gipsy belles are the fringed shawl and garnished skirt. The bandana kerchiefs sold by this Both were in great demand among the young men, and these with the beads and leis netted the booth about $102. Miss Power has just received a new assortment of the latest models in Fall and Winter millinery by the Korea. These hats are the most fetching and stylish that have been shown in Honolulu this season, not excluding those that have lately been shown by Miss Power herself. Styles in hats have changed radically this year, and Honolulu's leading milliner is receiving new models by almost every steamer. FIRST M. E. CHURCH. Morning service H. O. Emmons, U. S. S. Virginia. Evening service J. L. Hopwood. Sailors, of the fleet will be especially welcomed at all services. Sunday Advertiser (Entered at the Post Office in Honolulu, H. T., as second-class matter.) Published Every Sunday Morning By the HAWAIIAN GAZETTE CO., LTD Von Holt Block, 65 South King St. SUBSCRIPTION RATES: Delivered by carrier in city, per month $25 failed to any address for one year in the United States or Territory of Hawaii $3.00 Classified Advertisements Cash must accompany the copy. No deviation from this rule. FOR SALE. FIVE-PASSENGER Queen auto; good condition. 2181 King street, or Phone 582. SITUATIONS WANTED. BY lady stenographer. College education; experienced in railroad work; eligible Civil Service position; owns typewriter. "Expert," this office. BY Japanese young man, yard boy. Japanese Y. M. C. A. Phone 1293; P. O. Box 843. LOST. TWO letters addressed Miss Ethel Bisho. Finder. Please return to Gazette office. 305 FOR RENT. ROOM in private family. Punahou district. Apply "Q." this office- 303 ROOM FOR RENT FURNISHED, with board, or for light housekeeping. 1621 Anapnni street. 303 ARRIVE KOREA If I sri v. | 26,802 |
https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/SuperSeaCat | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | SuperSeaCat | https://fi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SuperSeaCat&action=history | Finnish | Spoken | 119 | 375 | SuperSeaCat oli Helsingin ja Tallinnan väliä liikennöinnyt pikalaivayhtiö. SuperSeaCat aluksiin kuuluivat HSC SuperSeaCat One, HSC SuperSeaCat Three ja HSC SuperSeaCat Four. Yhtiön omistivat puoliksi bermudalainen Sea Containers ja kreikkalainen Eugenides. SuperSeaCat ajautui konkurssiin 20. lokakuuta 2008.
Historia
Kesällä 2006 virolainen Tallink osti SeaContainersin omistaman Silja Linen. Kauppa ei sisältänyt Tallinnaan liikennöiviä SuperSeaCat-pikalaivoja. SuperSeaCat Oy perustettiin marraskuussa 2006 nimellä SeaContainers Finland Oy, ja se jatkoi liikennöintiä SuperSeaCat-pikalaivoilla.
Keväällä 2008 kreikkalainen Eugenides osti puolet SuperSeaCat Oy:stä. Syksyllä 2008 yhtiö ajautui konkurssiin.
Varustamon senhetkiset alukset, SuperSeaCat Three ja SuperSeaCat Four, menivät osaomistaja Eugenideksen Kreikan-liikenteeseen, Aegean Speed Lines -brändin alle.
Katso myös
HSC SuperSeaCat One
HSC SuperSeaCat Three
HSC SuperSeaCat Four
Lähteet
Aiheesta muualla
Aegean Speed Linesin kotisivu
Suomalaiset laivayhtiöt
Entiset suomalaiset yritykset | 26,078 |
https://github.com/morishin/ShowInGitHub/blob/master/Source/Libraries/XcodeFrameworks/IDEKit/IDESnapshotsListController.h | Github Open Source | Open Source | BSD-3-Clause, BSD-2-Clause | 2,015 | ShowInGitHub | morishin | Objective-C | Code | 184 | 894 | /*
* Generated by class-dump 3.3.4 (64 bit).
*
* class-dump is Copyright (C) 1997-1998, 2000-2001, 2004-2011 by Steve Nygard.
*/
#import <IDEKit/IDEViewController.h>
#import "DVTTableViewDelegate-Protocol.h"
@class DVTBorderedView, DVTFilePath, DVTTableView, IDESnapshotRestoreController, NSArray, NSArrayController, NSButton, NSPredicate, NSString, NSTableColumn;
@interface IDESnapshotsListController : IDEViewController <DVTTableViewDelegate>
{
BOOL _showUserCreatedSnapshots;
DVTBorderedView *_scopeBar;
NSString *_filterString;
DVTTableView *_tableView;
NSTableColumn *_nameColumn;
double _tableColumnWidth;
NSArrayController *_arrayController;
DVTBorderedView *_toolbarView;
BOOL _hideToolbar;
NSButton *_restoreSnapshotButton;
NSButton *_deleteSnapshotButton;
id <DVTObservingToken> _selectionObserverToken;
id <DVTObservingToken> _snapshotPathObserverToken;
id <DVTObservingToken> _hideToolbarToken;
id _notificationToken;
DVTFilePath *_snapshotsLocation;
NSArray *_allSnapshots;
BOOL _isRestoring;
IDESnapshotRestoreController *_restoreController;
}
+ (id)defaultViewNibName;
+ (id)keyPathsForValuesAffectingFilterPredicate;
@property(copy) NSArray *allSnapshots; // @synthesize allSnapshots=_allSnapshots;
@property NSArrayController *arrayController; // @synthesize arrayController=_arrayController;
- (void)deleteAction:(id)arg1;
- (void)deleteSnapshotAlertDidEnd:(id)arg1 returnCode:(long long)arg2 contextInfo:(void *)arg3;
- (id)dvtExtraBindings;
- (id)excludedSnapshotsForRepositoryAtPath:(id)arg1;
- (void)exportSnapshot:(id)arg1;
@property(readonly) NSPredicate *filterPredicate;
@property(copy) NSString *filterString; // @synthesize filterString=_filterString;
@property BOOL hideToolbar; // @synthesize hideToolbar=_hideToolbar;
- (void)invalidate;
@property BOOL isRestoring; // @synthesize isRestoring=_isRestoring;
- (void)loadAllCommits;
- (void)loadView;
@property IDESnapshotRestoreController *restoreController; // @synthesize restoreController=_restoreController;
- (id)selectedSnapshot;
@property BOOL showUserCreatedSnapshots; // @synthesize showUserCreatedSnapshots=_showUserCreatedSnapshots;
@property(copy) DVTFilePath *snapshotsLocation; // @synthesize snapshotsLocation=_snapshotsLocation;
- (BOOL)tableView:(id)arg1 doCommandBySelector:(SEL)arg2;
- (double)tableView:(id)arg1 heightOfRow:(long long)arg2;
- (BOOL)tableView:(id)arg1 shouldShowCellExpansionForTableColumn:(id)arg2 row:(long long)arg3;
- (void)tableView:(id)arg1 willDisplayCell:(id)arg2 forTableColumn:(id)arg3 row:(long long)arg4;
- (void)tableViewColumnDidResize:(id)arg1;
- (void)viewDidInstall;
@end
| 15,344 |
Subsets and Splits