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Womans Business Club Ledger will help MicroStrategy protect your Bitcoins Beitrag gepostet in Bitcoin Von adminBeitrag gepostet am 16. Oktober 2020 14. Oktober 2020 Ledger will help store MicroStrategy's Bitcoins, after the company announced the purchase of $400 million in currency. Just a few days ago, MicroStrategy surprised the entire crypto world by announcing that it would start using Bitcoin in its business model. Investing 400 million dollars in the purchase of the crypto currency, as the main source of savings for the company. And now, it has been announced that the crypto company Ledger will help MicroStrategy protect its Bitcoins. The New Business Strategy Every day that passes, the adoption of cryptomonies is increasing all over the world. As companies, organizations and individuals are aware of the advantages provided by the use of digital assets such as Bitcoin. Leading them to introduce the Blockchain technology into their business strategies. Thanks to this, little by little governments have had to create regulations according to the reality of the crypto market. While large private companies are starting to bet on cryptoactives as part of their business plan. The best known case is that of Square, the company of the creator of Twitter, Jack Dorsey, for the facilitation of electronic payments. However, Square is not the only traditional company that has decided to invest in Bitcoin. The financial intelligence firm MicroStrategy announced in August that it too would enter the crypto market. Investing a total of 400 million dollars in the acquisition of the crypto currency, to keep it as the company's reserve. Bitcoin whales have a tendency to accumulate at the beginning of this quarter Ledger will help protect MicroStrategy Bitcoins However, this would not be the whole story. Even though MicroStrategy has decided to acquire the Bitcoins, it must still store them and protect them from malicious actors. To do this, it has decided to go to Ledger. A company specialized in the development of hardware for the protection of crypto-currencies, which is also offering its services to companies through a product known as Ledger Vault. Ledger will help MicroStrategy protect its Bitcoins with Ledger Vault. Source: LedgerLedger will help MicroStrategy protect its Bitcoins with Ledger Vault. The technology behind this product would be the Hardware Security Modules (HSM), which has been used for years to protect vital data, and is usually considered invulnerable. This will allow MicroStrategy Bitcoins to be fully protected against any hacking attempt. In order to use the Ledger Vault and mobilize the funds in Bitcoin, two or three people previously authorized by the company will be required to carry out the transaction. If these three people were not present at the same time, the operation could not be carried out. MicroStrategy would seek to minimize the possibility of a fatal loss of company assets if an unauthorized person were to gain access to the wallet in which the Bitcoins are stored. This also helps Ledger position itself as a trusted enterprise crypto storage company. Bitcoin pode atingir 16 mil dólares, mas somente se este nível de resistência finalmente quebrar La inminente ruptura del banderín coloca el precio de Bitcoin nuevamente en el camino a $ 14,000 Der laufende Bitcoin-Lauf hat Altcoins in ein unbekanntes Gebiet getrieben Bitpay CCO: Bitcoin could reach US$45,000 in one month 10 viktigaste krypto- och blockchainberättelserna från 2020 Cinque azioni hanno sovraperformato Bitcoin nel 2020 nonostante l'anno del banner per Crypto 65 procent av PayPal-användare redo att använda Bitcoin för inköp: Mizuho-data Copyright © 2021 Womans Business Club. Theme: Zakra By ThemeGrill.

Research | Open | Published: 17 July 2015 Efficacy of a proprietary formulation of fipronil/(S)-methoprene/cyphenothrin against Ixodes scapularis tick infestations on dogs Doug Carithers1, William Russell Everett2, Sheila J. Gross3 & Ruchika Solanki1 Parasites & Vectorsvolume 8, Article number: 379 (2015) | Download Citation Efficacy of FRONTLINE® TRITAK® For Dogs (fipronil/(S)-methoprene/cyphenothrin, Merial, Inc., Duluth, GA) against Ixodes scapularis was evaluated in two separate, but concurrent laboratory studies. One day after topical treatment with placebo or active, dogs (n = 24) were infested with 50 unfed adult Ixodes scapularis ticks, with repeat infestations on Days 7, 14, 21 and 28. The number of live ticks was counted at 6 hours post-infestation in the first study (n = 12) and at 24 hours post-infestation in the second study (n = 12). Observed efficacies in study 1 were 93-99 % at 6 hour assessments on Day 1 through Day 28 and in the second study, 98-100 % at 24 hour assessments, occurring on Day 2 through Day 29. A single dose of FRONTLINE® TRITAK® For Dogs (fipronil/(S)-methoprene/cyphenothrin) (0.67 ml or 1.34 ml) prevented the establishment of a new infestation following treatment, as well as the repeated weekly re-infestations with Ixodes scapularis ticks, for 4 weeks. Preventing tick infestations and reducing the risk of tick-transmitted diseases are important to pet owners and veterinarians for ensuring a healthy dog. Many tick species act as vectors of bacterial and viral pathogens, often causing disease in dogs and humans. The Ixodes scapularis tick is an important vector for parasitic and infectious diseases such as Lyme borreliosis and anaplasmosis [1,2]. I. scapularis is a tick species found in the eastern and central United States [3]. Of notable concern with I. scapularis is its ability to transmit Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, to pets and their human companions. The Borrelia-spirochete can typically pass from an infected tick to the mammalian-host between 48 and 72 hours after the nymph or adult attaches [4–7]. Rapidly removing or killing ticks prior to transmission of the disease causing agents is the goal, so a sustained acaricidal activity persisting throughout the entire treatment interval would be expected to ensure better prevention of tick infestations for the pet. This paper describes the two controlled studies performed that aimed to demonstrate the efficacy of fipronil/(S)-methoprene/cyphenothrin against Ixodes scapularis ticks at both 6 and 24 hours after tick infestations throughout the month. Two studies were conducted to demonstrate the efficacy of fipronil/(S)-methoprene/cyphenothrin against I. scapularis. These studies were performed in the United States by an experienced, independent contract research facility and were designed in accordance with standard methods for evaluating the efficacy of parasiticides for the control of tick infestations [8]. Animals were handled in compliance with both Merial Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) and local IACUC approvals, and were in compliance with the Animal Welfare Act. The trial facility meets USDA-APHIS animal welfare requirements. The studies involved 24 purpose bred canines (12 per study), each identified by a unique numerical tattoo or implanted microchip. Beagles and mixed breed dogs, with short to medium hair length were used in these studies. Study 1 included 4 males and 8 female dogs aged 0.6-7.7 years old and weighing 6.6-13.7 kg (14.5-30.3 lbs.). Study 2 included 5 males and 7 female dogs aged 0.6-7.7 years old and weighing 6.7-11.6 kg (14.8-25.5 lbs.). Studies followed a controlled, randomized block design. All dogs were in good health and none had been treated with an ectoparasiticide product, either topically or orally, within three months prior to the study and treatment. Pre-treatment tick infestations, with removal counts were performed on Day −5 to ensure that dogs were capable of maintaining adequate tick infestations and then allocated to their assigned treatment group. Dogs were not anaesthetized or sedated prior to any of the study infestations. Dogs were housed individually. Health observations were conducted daily throughout the study, which included every hour for four hours following the treatment of the fipronil/(S)-methoprene/cyphenothrin on Day 0. A total of 28 dogs (12 male and 16 female) were infested with approximately 50 (25 male and 25 female) I. scapularis ticks on Day −5, and counted 24 hours later. The four dogs with the lowest pre-treatment tick counts were not allocated. The remaining 24 dogs (10 males and 14 females) with the highest tick counts were ranked by decreasing pre-treatment tick counts. Six replicates of 4 animals each were formed. The 4 dogs with the highest pre-treatment tick counts formed replicate 1; the next 4 highest formed replicate 2, and so on, until all dogs were allocated. Within replicates, each dog was randomly allocated to one of the four treatment groups, with two treatment groups randomly assigned to each study. On the second study, prior to Day 0, it was noticed that one dog developed a localized skin infection directly in the targeted treatment site area. That dog was removed from the study, appropriately treated, and replaced in the study by the dog with the highest remaining pre-treatment tick count. Thereafter, all the dogs remained in their assigned groups for the duration of the study. Dogs were weighed prior to Day 0 and the appropriate treatment size was selected based on the animal's weight. On Day 0, treatment was applied according to label instructions, topically by parting the hair between the shoulder blades and applying the formulation directly to the skin. In both studies the control group, Group 1, was treated with the appropriate dose of mineral oil of either 1.0 mL or 2.0 mL. The treated group, Group 2, was treated with the weight-appropriate dose of FRONTLINE® TRITAK® For Dogs (fipronil/(S)-methoprene/cyphenothrin) of either 0.67 mL or 1.34 mL. The I. scapularis ticks used in the study were unfed adult ticks, 50 % male and 50 % female, and were the OSU Ixodes scapularis strain from Oklahoma State University Tick Rearing Facility. Dogs were treated once on Day 0 per allocation. Dogs were each infested on Days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 post-treatment with 50 (25 male and 25 female) live I. scapularis ticks, which were placed on the lateral aspect of the dog to avoid direct contact with the product application site. At either 6 or 24 hours following each infestation, dogs in Group 1 and 2 in their respective studies were thoroughly examined by hand, removing and counting all ticks on each dog. To ensure that the hand-counting and removal was complete, dogs were combed, using a fine-toothed flea comb, for 3 minutes to ensure no ticks remained. Different flea combs were used for collection with the treated and the control group dogs. All analyses and calculations were performed using SAS Version 9.3. Statistical significance was declared at a two-sided p-value of 0.05. Both geometric and arithmetic means were determined and significance calculated. Adult tick counts were transformed to the natural logarithm of (count + 1) to calculate geometric means. Percent efficacy for each treatment group on each day was calculated as $$ 100\ *\ \left(\mathrm{G}\mathrm{M}\mathrm{C}\ \hbox{--} \mathrm{G}\mathrm{M}\mathrm{T}\right)\ /\mathrm{G}\mathrm{M}\mathrm{C} $$ where GMC = geometric mean of the control group and GMT = geometric mean of the treated group. Adult tick counts were also calculated via arithmetic means. Percent efficacy for each treatment group on each day was calculated as $$ 100*\ \left(\mathrm{M}\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{M}\mathrm{T}\right)/\mathrm{M}\mathrm{C} $$ Where MC = arithmetic mean of the control group and MT = arithmetic mean of the treated group. The transformed data were analysed using t-tests for means with poolable variances or for means with unequal variances, as appropriate; variances were compared using the maximum-F test and Satterthwaite's Approximation was used to determine the degrees of freedom for the unequal-variance tests. When one group had zero variance, variances were declared unequal by definition. The t-test is equivalent to one-way ANOVA when variances are poolable, and is more appropriate when variances are found to be unequal. Each treated group was compared to the corresponding control group. All animals remained in apparent good health throughout the study. Following Day 0 treatment, no animals were removed from the study. The geometric mean counts of the live ticks in the control and treated groups of the first study ranged between 22.5 to 29.7 and 0.3 to 1.9, respectively (Table 1). The geometric mean counts of the live ticks in the control and treated groups of the second study ranged between 15.7 to 29.0 and 0.0 to 0.4, respectively (Table 2). The 6-hour efficacies observed in dogs that were infested with I. scapularis ticks on Days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 were 93.2 %, 98.9 %, 98.2 %, 95.9 % and 98.9 % (Table 1). The 24-hour efficacies observed in dogs infested with I. scapularis on Days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 and counted on Days 2, 8, 15, 22 and 29 were 98.7 %, 99.1 %, 100 %, 100 % and 99.5 % (Table 2). There was a significant difference (p < 0.01) between the treated and control dogs at both 6 and 24 hour time points through Day 29 against I. scapularis. Table 1 Geometric tick counts and percent efficacy of fipronil/(S)-methoprene/cyphenothrin against Ixodes scapularis 6 hours after infestation of 50 ticks Table 2 Geometric tick counts and percent efficacy of fipronil/(S)-methoprene/cyphenothrin against Ixodes scapularis 24 hours after infestation of 50 ticks In both studies, a single dose of fipronil/(S)-methoprene/cyphenothrin was highly effective in controlling I. scapularis tick infestations. Considering the standard for tick-efficacy is a geometric mean of 90 %, fipronil/(S)-methoprene/cyphenothrin outperformed this standard demonstrating a geometric mean control level at 6 hours post-infestation of >93 % efficacy, and at 24 hours post-infestation, efficacy remained >98 % throughout the duration of the studies. Even when the data were assessed using arithmetic means, efficacies were consistently above 96 % at 24 hours post infestation at every assessment point throughout the study. At 6 hours post infestation, on Day 1, arithmetic mean efficacy was 83.5 %, but maintained at > 93 % at every other 6 hour assessment throughout the study. The current studies evaluated the fipronil/(S)-methoprene/cyphenothrin at either 6 hours or 24 hours post-infestation throughout the 4 weeks. Though more costly to do as two separate studies, with 2 separate control groups, the investigators felt that the removal-count approach offers a more accurate and precise assessment than utilization of thumb counts, a method often used in tick studies. There are many reports on the efficacy of current veterinary topical products against I. scapularis, e.g. fipronil/(S)-methoprene, amitraz and pyriproxyfen, metaflumizone plus amitraz and imidacloprid + permethrin. One study assessed the efficacy of imidacloprid + permethrin against the I. scapularis ticks and demonstrated a geometric mean efficacy of 96.5 % at 48 hours for 30 days [9], while another study showed a geometric mean efficacy of >95 % at 48 hours for a month with the use of indoxacarb + permethrin [10]. These results are comparable to other fipronil/(S)-methoprene formulations where efficacy assessed at 48 hours post-infestation was >90 % for a month against I. scapularis [11,12,9]. A single dose of fipronil/(S)-methoprene/cyphenothrin is able to reach that same level of efficacy of >90 % at just 6 and 24 hours post-infestation. The studies demonstrated the efficacy of a single dose of fipronil/(S)-methoprene/cyphenothrin against I. scapularis. Following the single dose, new tick infestations were rapidly cleared and the residual control against ticks was provided that continued for at least a month. ®FRONTLINE is a registered trademark of Merial, Inc. ®TRITAK is a registered trademark of Merial, Inc. Chomel B. Tick-borne infections in dogs—an emerging infectious threat. Vet Parasitol. 2011;179(4):294–301. Varde S, Beckley J, Schwartz I. Prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in Ixodes scapularis in a rural New Jersey County. Emerg Infect Dis. 1998;4(1):97–9. Dennis DT, Nekomoto TS, Victor JC, Paul WS, Piesman J. Reported distribution of Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae) in the United States. J Med Entomol. 1998;35(5):629–38. Piesman J, Mather TN, Sinsky RJ, Spielman A. Duration of tick attachment and Borrelia burgdorferi transmission. J Clin Microbiol. 1987;25(3):557–8. Des Vignes F, Piesman J, Heffernan R, Schulze TL, Stafford III KC, Fish D. Effect of tick removal on transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi and Ehrlichia phagocytophila by Ixodes scapularis nymphs. J Infect Dis. 2001;183(5):773–8. Piesman J, Dolan MC. Protection against Lyme disease spirochete transmission provided by prompt removal of nymphal Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae). J Med Entomol. 2002;39(3):509–12. Greene C. Environmental factors in infectious disease. In: Greene C, editor. Infectious diseases of the dog and cat. St Louis, MI: Saunders Elsevier; 2006. p. 991–1012. Marchiondo AA, Holdsworth PA, Fourie LJ, Rugg D, Hellmann K, Snyder DE, et al. World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP): guidelines for evaluating the efficacy of parasiticides for the treatment, prevention and control of flea and tick infestations on dogs and cats. Vet Parasitol. 2013;194(1):84–97. Dryden MW, Payne PA, Smith V, Hostetler J. Evaluation of an imidacloprid (8.8% w/w)-permethrin (44.0% w/w) topical spot-on and a fipronil (9.8% w/w)-(S)-methoprene (8.8% w/w) topical spot-on to repel, prevent attachment, and kill adult Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma americanum ticks on dogs. Vet Ther. 2006;7(3):173. Efficacy of Activyl® Tick Plus for the treatment and control of various species of tick infestations on dogs. (2012). MAH-ACT-36 http://www.merck-animal-health-usa.com/binaries/ACT-36-Tick-Plus-Efficacy_tcm96-154693.pdf (accessed 15 June, 2015). Jacobson R, McCall J, Hunter J, Alva R, Irwin J, Eschner A, et al. The ability of fipronil to prevent transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease to dogs. JARVM. 2004;2(1):39–45. Bonneau S, Gupta S, Cadiergues MC. Comparative efficacy of two fipronil spot-on formulations against experimental tick infestations (Ixodes ricinus) in dogs. Parasitol Res. 2010;107(3):735–9. The authors are sincerely grateful to the staff of at BerTek, Inc., who took part in performing these studies. This document is provided for scientific purposes only. Any reference to a brand or trademark herein is for informational purposes only and is not intended for a commercial purpose or to dilute the rights of the respective owners(s) of the brand(s) or trademark(s). Merial, Inc., 3239 Satellite Blvd, Duluth, GA, 30096, USA Doug Carithers & Ruchika Solanki BerTek, Inc., Greenbrier, AR, USA William Russell Everett Independent Contract Statistician, Piscataway, NJ, USA Sheila J. Gross Search for Doug Carithers in: Search for William Russell Everett in: Search for Sheila J. Gross in: Search for Ruchika Solanki in: Correspondence to Doug Carithers. The work reported herein was funded by Merial Inc., Duluth, GA, USA. The authors are current employees or contractors of Merial, Inc. DC is employed by Merial, Inc., SJG is a PhD independent contract biostatistician and WRE is owner and operator of the contract research laboratory BerTek, Inc. RS is a contractor for Merial, Inc. DC was primary author of study design, served as study monitor and co-drafted the manuscript. WRE provided input on the protocol, coordinated and supervised data collection and entry and revision of manuscript. SJG provided input on the protocol, performed statistical analyses and revision of manuscript. RS assisted in design of study, monitoring of study and manuscript revision. All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript. Ixodes scapularis

Q: How to post on Facebook business page using graph API Posting on Business page using graph API is working but is always shows in notifications, and not on timeline. A: It depends on the access token that you are using. If you are posting using a user access token, it should appear as a post to the page on the LHS of the page as a Visitor Post. If you are an admin of the page, then you can use the page access token to post as the page on the page's timeline.

Hillside Crescent Gardens and London Road Gardens are open wooded green spaces that form the setting of London Road. Together they make up a broad avenue of trees which create a spectacular approach to the city of Edinburgh along one of the main arterial routes from the East, used by thousands of travellers each day. Both gardens lie within the New Town conservation area and formed part of William Playfair's 1819 plan for extending Georgian Edinburgh. The two gardens are an important gateway to the city and the local community but they deserve more attention. In response to this, 'Inspiring Hillside' was developed by the Friends of Hillside & Calton Area - a diverse team of local volunteers working together to help restore and develop the gardens to appeal to people of all ages and abilities – to local residents, walkers, joggers, visitors and tourists. The group has been working with the Edinburgh World Heritage Trust and City of Edinburgh Council to improve and maintain these historic gardens. This collaboration resulted in a Green Flag award in 2010 and the return to use of the B-listed Georgian Garden Cottage as a new restaurant. For more information about the group please visit our about page. Our success with London Road Gardens has encouraged us to cross the road and turn our attention to Hillside Crescent Gardens. We have worked with local people and the Council to develop and implement plans to enhance landscaping, improve footpaths, create new plantings of trees and wildflowers, introduce new seating areas and develop a sensory garden. Since 2010 the group began concentrating on the aspiration to introduce a central piece of public art, as was originally intended by Playfair, in Hillside Crescent Gardens. In 2017 we became the fortunate recipients of important pieces by the locally born and internationally renowned artist Eduardo Paolozzi. His 'Manuscript of Monte Cassino' sculptures had to be moved from their original location at Picardy Place due to work on the St James Centre. We are delighted at the enormous improvement they bring to the park and the entire area. It remains to be seen if they can be permanent, as the new road layout will probably not allow for their return to the front of St Mary's Cathedral. Read more about this. Whether you are new to the area or a long time local, please get involved. There are further goals and we welcome your ideas. To move forward we need volunteers who are passionate about green spaces and willing to help.

This cake is absolute perfection. I first saw the recipe for "Golden Glory Cake" in an old cookbook from the 1950s and decided I had to make it. I kept the measurements (except using cold butter for more fluffiness) the same, but I did change the mixing method to the "Two-Stage Mixing Method" which you can read about here. The cake is light, fluffy, and deliciously pineapple-ly. I very much recommend brushing pineapple juice on the cakes though when they are done for extra flavor. The frosting is an old fashioned boiled frosting or 7-minute frosting recipe except I replaced the granulated sugar with dark brown sugar. It tastes of caramel/maple and a cross between whipped cream and marshmallow fluff. Very Good. Preheat the oven to 350F and line, grease, and flour 3 eight inch cake pans. Mix flour on high speed for 3 minutes. Measure again- you should have about 1 cup of leftover flour. Mix flour with baking powder and salt on high speed for 3 minutes. In a measuring cup, combine and stir the eggs, 1/4 cup of the pineapple juice, and butter vanilla bakery emulsion. Combine flour with sugar and mix on low speed for 30 seconds. Add the butter, one piece at a time, until the mixture is crumbly. Add remaining pineapple juice and beat on medium-high speed for 2 and 1/2 minutes. Gradually add egg mixture in 3 separate batches until fluffy and combined. Bake for 30-35 minutes, or until a toothpick comes out clean with a few crumbs attached. If you want, brush some extra pineapple juice over the cakes for extra moistness. Boil sugar and water over low-medium heat until syrup spins a thread; while beating the egg whites to stiff peaks. Pour syrup very slowly over the egg whites and beat until smooth and stiff enough to spread. Beat in vanilla and use right away. My awesome aunt Wendy sent me a recipe she thought I would like for Hershey's "Rich Chocolate Chip Toffee Bars" I made them and they were amazing! I changed a few things, but that's the good thing about this recipe- it's infinitely adaptable! Preheat the oven to 350F and grease a 9×13 pan. In a large bowl, combine the flour and sugar. Cut in the butter until the mixture resembles coarse crumbs; add the egg and beat well. Stir in 1 and 1/2 cups of the chocolate chips and all of the nuts. Set aside 1 and 1/2 cups of the mixture. Press the remaining crumbs on the bottom of the prepared pan and bake for ten minutes. Pour condensed milk over the hot crust. Set aside 1/4 cup of toffee bits, and sprinkle the rest over the crust along with the rest of the chocolate chips, crumb mixture, and coconut flakes. Bake 25-30 minutes, or until the top is golden brown. Top with remaining toffee bits.

Is this the worst day of the year or what? For the last six months I've been arriving home from work most days and there's been time to go for a walk, sit outside in the sunshine, and do all kinds of lovely things. But then tonight, just before six I looked out my window and noted it was almost dark. Oh my goodness, I hate the winter! This might seem odd for a Swedo-phile to say, but I really don't like the cold and I really don't like the winter. I like my sunshine. My ideal months are probably spring and autumn when all feels good with the world, though summer is pretty good too. But winter, even in a mild climate like Sydney, I mean, what kind of season is that? For us in Sydney, winter is the time when we go week after week when it's cold and wet. When we're forced to wear scarves. When we're forced to wear "Melbourne Clothes". When we need to drag out the heaters even if there's only a borderline differentiation between needing and not needing it. And when we, inevitably go a little stir-crazy after three or four days when it rains, and when it's cloudy and dark. Put simply, we're not a city built for winter. And tonight it all started again. And I face this year without any clear travel plans, aside from a trip home to Lismore to visit my family, and maybe an interstate trip or two with work. But so far, I have nothing in mind which would allow me a break in the middle of another bleak winter. Hey, I know it could be worse. I could live in the north of Sweden and experience several months of almost complete dark, followed by several months of almost complete light. It's all relative I guess. Anyway, so after coming home I decided to head out for a quick meal to, hopefully, improve my mood. I went to my nearby thai and enjoyed just a couple of entrees. Pure bliss. But I still can't help but feeling it's the start of a long, awful period of dismal weather until spring kicks in again sometime in August. Best of all? The first weekend of October when daylight saving commences again. The cold and the rain I can deal with, it's the short days/lack of light I can't handle. My productivity out of work hours almost comes to a standstill – you get home and you want to watch TV, surf the net and go to bed – nothing else. I also think it gets worse as I get older – no idea why. i'm not feeling it too bad i spent a lot of my summer in vic- and it was hot hot hot AND cold cold cold. too many extremes in a day…I think I prefer when I know what clothes to be prepared with when I go out! With a headline like that I could get myself a job at a tabloid paper!

Q: Stuck into Ubuntu 20.04. Dual booting Windows 10 shows blank screen I am stuck in Ubuntu 20.04 because my Windows 10 can't start. When I click on Windows (UEFI) to boot windows, it shows a black blank screen and that's it forever. I have to shutdown from there to be able to access grub menu again and Ubuntu when I power on. I have tried upgrading grub and many other tricks that I don't remember, and nothing seems to work. I have installed grub2 and run sudo update-grub and sudo update-grub2, but it didn't seem to help. Current grub boot menu: A: Try this... In a terminal: sudo grub_mkconfig Reboot and try win... Below you will find part of the terminal's "info grub" output... my research reference. Good luck!! 6.1 Simple configuration handling The program 'grub-mkconfig' (*note Invoking grub-mkconfig::) generates 'grub.cfg' files suitable for most cases. It is suitable for use when upgrading a distribution, and will discover available kernels and attempt to generate menu entries for them. 'grub-mkconfig' does have some limitations. While adding extra custom menu entries to the end of the list can be done by editing '/etc/grub.d/40_custom' or creating '/boot/grub/custom.cfg', changing the order of menu entries or changing their titles may require making complex changes to shell scripts stored in '/etc/grub.d/'. This may be improved in the future. In the meantime, those who feel that it would be easier to write 'grub.cfg' directly are encouraged to do so (*note Booting::, and *note Shell-like scripting::), and to disable any system provided by their distribution to automatically run 'grub-mkconfig'. The file '/etc/default/grub' controls the operation of 'grub-mkconfig'. It is sourced by a shell script, and so must be valid POSIX shell input; normally, it will just be a sequence of 'KEY=value' lines, but if the value contains spaces or other special characters then it must be quoted. For example: end_______

Housing and local services Planning permissions, appeals and building regulations Tree replacement notices If someone removes, uproots or destroys a tree which is protected by a Tree Preservation Order, the local planning authority might send the landowner a tree replacement notice. This is a notice telling the landowner they must replace the tree by planting another one of an appropriate size or species in the same place. The local planning authority can issue the notice within 2 years of the date they believe the order hasn't been complied with and brought to their attention. If you're a landowner and you've been sent a tree replacement notice, it's your responsibility to plant a new tree even if it was removed or destroyed by someone else. If you don't do this by the time specified by the notice, the planning authority may enter your land, plant the tree itself and charge you for the cost of doing it. You could also be fined up to £20,000. How to appeal You have the right to appeal to Scottish Ministers if a planning authority sends you a notice telling you to plant a replacement tree. You can find more information in Section 169 of the Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1997 You can appeal against the notice on any of the following grounds: the tree preservation order does not apply or has already been carried out the requirements of the notice are unreasonable because of the time period or the tree size/species the planting of a tree or trees would not be practical or would not be good forestry the land is unsuitable for planting trees The notice will tell you by which date you need to have planted the tree. If you want to appeal, you must do so before that date. When a valid appeal is received, the notice will be suspended. This means you don't have to do anything until a decision's been made, even where the appeal runs beyond the effective date. You can appeal online using the ePlanning portal Alternatively, you can download a Tree Replacement Enforcement Notice Appeal form and submit it to Scottish Ministers by either email or post to the address on the form. You should also send a copy to the planning authority. Your appeal submission must include the following documents: the local planning authority's replacement notice all documents, materials and evidence you want to rely on any letters or emails between you and the local planning authority your appeal, if you're appealing by post You'll also need to submit any other documents that directly support your appeal, for example your appeal statement. You can upload these documents when you appeal online, by email or post. Your appeal must be made before the effective date of the notice. Any appeals made after this time won't be considered. To make sure your appeal isn't turned away because it's too late, be sure to make your appeal in plenty of time before before the day the notice takes effect. There's no cost for sending an appeal, but you'll be responsible for your own expenses. The appeals process Once you make an appeal, the Scottish Government will choose a reporter to decide it. The planning authority must give its response to your appeal within 21 days. You'll then have a further 14 days to comment on any new information submitted by the authority. The appeals process has a strict timetable with deadlines for each stage. Make sure everything's sent on time. If you send information after the deadline, it may be sent back to you and not be considered. If the reporter considers that a decision can be made on the basis of this information and no site inspection is required then they'll aim to issue this decision within 8 weeks of receiving the appeal. They may need to get more information before they can decide. If they do, they might ask for one or all of the following: an inspection of the site further written submissions a hearing session (a structured meeting) an inquiry session (a more formal event similar to a court case Inspection of the site A site inspection allows a reporter to view the site and understand the issues that have been raised. The reporter decides if a site inspection will be accompanied or unaccompanied. If it's accompanied, the local planning authority and person making the appeal will be invited to attend. Anyone else, like those who have made representations about the appeal, will be told about the arrangements and invited to the site inspection. The reporter can't discuss the merits of the appeal. If the reporter chooses an unaccompanied visit, they will inspect the site alone. If the reporter thinks a decision can be made based on submissions and a site inspection, they will aim to issue a decision within 12 weeks of receiving the appeal. If the reporter needs further written submissions they will request it from the person they think will be most suitable to provide it. If this happens the reporter will aim to issue a decision within 20 weeks of receiving the appeal. Hearing or public local inquiry The reporter may decide that the information they need would be best presented at a hearing or inquiry session. The difference between a hearing session and an inquiry session is: a hearing session is a structured discussion led by the reporter an inquiry session is more like a court case - witnesses give evidence in front of the reporter The reporter will decide if a hearing or inquiry session is required. If it is, they will aim to issue the decision on the appeal within 26 weeks (if it's a hearing) or 32 weeks (if it's an inquiry session). Claiming expenses You can submit an expenses claim against a person or organisation if you think they have acted unreasonably and caused you unnecessary expense. This can be in the form of a written statement sent by email or letter. After getting an expenses claim, the person or organisation who the claim is made against (the 'opposing party') will be given 14 days to provide any comments. The reporter will decide if they have acted unreasonably and will decide any costs that should be paid to cover these expenses. The expenses claim is separate to the appeal. If you get awarded expenses this doesn't necessarily mean your appeal will be successful too. You can find more information on expenses in this planning circular If you want to withdraw your appeal You must contact the Scottish Government if you want to withdraw your appeal. You can do this any time before the reporter makes a decision. You must contact the Scottish Government if you want to withdraw your appeal, or put in a request to the reporter to apply a hold on the appeal (known as a 'SIST'). Email the Scottish Government's Division of Planning and Environmental Appeals Division (DPEA) at [email protected] or write to them at: Planning and Environmental Appeals Division Hadrian House Callendar Business Park Callendar Road FK1 1XR After taking all the evidence into account, the reporter will either: support the original decision overturn the decision issue a decision (if the authority originally failed to give one) You'll get a decision notice sent to you once the reporter has made a decision. This will include the terms of the decision and the reasons for it. How to challenge a reporter's decision You can challenge the reporter's decision at the Court of Session You can't appeal the decision because you disagree with it, but you can challenge the decision if you think there was important evidence that the reporter misunderstood or didn't take into account. If you want to challenge a reporter's decision: the appeal to the Court of Session must be submitted within 42 days (6 weeks) of the date of the decision you may have to cover the legal costs and any expenses should the challenge fail anyone with sufficient interest can submit a challenge If you're unsure about any part of this process, you should get advice from a lawyer If you want to make a complaint about an appeal, you can find more information on how to do this in the Planning and Environmental Appeals Division's complaints policy You can also find out about recent Planning and Environmental Appeals Division related decisions made by the Scottish Public Services Ombudsman. Tree works consent appeals Getting planning permission

What away to start the day! The Combat Beast Series was primarily designed to combat the renowned Papuan Black Bass. With its super stiff blank, it provides adequate stopping power preventing the mighty Black Bass from snagging you off. Check out this awesome 26lb brute landed on the Combat Beast CBB631XH (PE 1.5-3) by BONE Team Pro Staff @yefengyong ! Good brew and a sea view. Always remember to take time out, breath and check the waves. I'm determined to get back in the sea this summer after way too long without a ride on my @visionarysurfboards longboard. SHIMANO SISTERS🎣💯🇮🇹🏅 Shimano BeastMaster DX🎣🇮🇹: The progressive action of the Beastmaster facilitates the action of the artificial lure and ensures greater control during the fight. The fighting with large predators can cause considerable accumulation heat on the ceramic parts that could damage the wire. The ultra-strong Fuji rings make it possible to drastically reduce the level of heat, considerably increasing the duration of the mother line and minimizing the risk of breakage. The optional balancer weight allows you to customize the balance of the rod according to your preferences. Stem in XT60 + Biofibre with progressive action, ultra-strong Fuji rings suitable for both braided and monofilament, screw reel seat and cork handle. Optional balancer weight. -------------- Shimano Speedmaster DX🎣🇮🇹: The slim, light and sensitive stock makes it perfect for far casting and all-round lure fishing. Classic but captivating design, it is interesting for all categories of predator fishermen! • Fuji Alconite K and KR-type. • Raw materials: HPC100 + NANO technologies make this rod very sensitive, light and balanced. • 'Back to classic' design with custom reel seat and totally cork handle. • Quick-acting blanks make the SpeedMaster the perfect rod for all-round fishing and distance casting. . . Не с красотой тебе жить, а с человеком ПОМНИ... . . #красота #мир #lovestory #followforfollowback #saltlife #follow4followback #instafollowers #girlswholikegirls #girlsgeneration #lovemylife #мысливслух💭 #памятьвневремени #прошлоеневернуть #mylook . .

package com.rajendarreddyj.eclipse.plugins.weblogic.preferences; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import org.eclipse.jdt.launching.IVMInstall; import org.eclipse.jdt.launching.IVMInstallType; import org.eclipse.jdt.launching.JavaRuntime; import org.eclipse.jface.preference.ComboFieldEditor; import org.eclipse.jface.preference.FieldEditorPreferencePage; import org.eclipse.jface.preference.IPreferenceStore; import org.eclipse.ui.IWorkbench; import org.eclipse.ui.IWorkbenchPreferencePage; import com.rajendarreddyj.eclipse.plugins.weblogic.WeblogicPlugin; import com.rajendarreddyj.eclipse.plugins.weblogic.WeblogicPluginResources; import com.rajendarreddyj.eclipse.plugins.weblogic.editors.JVMOptionEditor; import com.rajendarreddyj.eclipse.plugins.weblogic.editors.PathFieldEditor; /** * This class represents JVM Options preference page * * @author rajendarreddyj * */ public class JVMOptionsPreferencePage extends FieldEditorPreferencePage implements WeblogicPluginResources, IWorkbenchPreferencePage { private String[][] jvmNamesAndValues; /** * */ public JVMOptionsPreferencePage() { super(GRID); this.setPreferenceStore(WeblogicPlugin.getDefault().getPreferenceStore()); this.setDescription(JVM_DESCRIPTION_LABEL); this.initializeDefaults(); } /** * This method will Initialize Default values(if any) */ private void initializeDefaults() { final IPreferenceStore store = this.getPreferenceStore(); store.setDefault(PREF_JRE, JavaRuntime.getDefaultVMInstall().getId()); final String defaultOptions = DEFAULT_JVM_OPTIONS; store.setDefault(PREF_JVM_OPTIONS, defaultOptions); } /* * (non-Javadoc) * * @see * org.eclipse.ui.IWorkbenchPreferencePage#init(org.eclipse.ui.IWorkbench) */ @Override public void init(final IWorkbench arg0) { // Nothing to implement at this moment } /** * This method will fetch and set All Available JVMs in Dropdown */ private void setAllVMs() { final List<IVMInstall> allVMs = new ArrayList<>(); final IVMInstallType[] vmTypes = JavaRuntime.getVMInstallTypes(); for (final IVMInstallType vmType : vmTypes) { final IVMInstall[] vms = vmType.getVMInstalls(); for (final IVMInstall vm : vms) { allVMs.add(vm); } } this.jvmNamesAndValues = new String[allVMs.size()][2]; for (int i = 0; i < allVMs.size(); i++) { this.jvmNamesAndValues[i][0] = allVMs.get(i).getName(); this.jvmNamesAndValues[i][1] = allVMs.get(i).getId(); } } /** * Creates the JVM Options Preferece page field editors. * * @see org.eclipse.jface.preference.FieldEditorPreferencePage#createFieldEditors() */ @Override public void createFieldEditors() { this.setAllVMs(); this.addField(new ComboFieldEditor(PREF_JRE, JVM_JAVAVM_LABEL, this.jvmNamesAndValues, this.getFieldEditorParent())); this.addField(new JVMOptionEditor(PREF_JVM_OPTIONS, JVM_OPTIONS_LABEL, this.getFieldEditorParent())); this.addField(new PathFieldEditor(PREF_LIBPATH, JVM_LIBRARYPATH_LABEL, this.getFieldEditorParent())); } }

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Kingdom of Essex (Redirected from East Saxon) For other uses, see Essex (disambiguation). The Kingdom of the East Saxons (Old English: Ēast Seaxna Rīce; Latin: Regnum Orientalium Saxonum), today referred to as the Kingdom of Essex /ˈɛsɪks/, was one of the seven traditional kingdoms of the Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy.[1] It was founded in the 6th century and covered the territory later occupied by the counties of Essex, Hertfordshire, Middlesex and (for a short while) Kent. The last king of Essex was Sigered and in 825, he ceded the kingdom to Ecgberht, King of Wessex. Kingdom of the East Saxons Ēast Seaxna Rīce (Old English) Regnum Orientalium Saxonum (Latin) The Kingdom of Essex. Common languages Old English, Latin Anglo-Saxon paganism, Christianity Æscwine (first) Sigered (last) Witenagemot Heptarchy • Established • Disestablished Sceat Preceded by Succeeded by Sub-Roman Britain Kingdom of Wessex 1 Extent 2.1 Origin 2.2 Essex monarchy 2.3 Christianity 2.4 Later history and end 3 List of kings ExtentEdit A map showing the outline of those parts now adjacent to the traditional county of Essex (in grey), but which historians postulate were part of the ancient Kingdom of Essex before becoming detached during the middle of the 8th century. The kingdom was bounded to the north by the River Stour and the Kingdom of East Anglia, to the south by the River Thames and Kent, to the east lay the North Sea and to the west Mercia. The territory included the remains of two provincial Roman capitals, Colchester and London. The early kingdom included the land of the Middle Saxons,[2] later Middlesex, most if not all of Hertfordshire[3] and may at times have included Surrey.[4] For a brief period in the 8th century, the Kingdom of Essex controlled what is now Kent. The modern English county of Essex maintains the historic northern and the southern borders, but only covers the territory east of the River Lea, the other parts being lost to neighbouring Mercia during the 8th century.[3] In the Tribal Hidage it is listed as containing 7,000 hides. Although the kingdom of Essex was one of the kingdoms of the Heptarchy, its history is not well documented. It produced relatively few Anglo-Saxon charters[5] and no version of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle; in fact the only mention in the chronicle concerns Bishop Mellitus.[6] As a result, the kingdom is regarded as comparatively obscure.[7] For most of the kingdom's existence, the Essex king was subservient to an overlord – variously the kings of Kent, Anglia or Mercia.[8] OriginEdit Saxon occupation of land that was to form the kingdom had begun by the early 5th century at Mucking and other locations. A large proportion of these original settlers came from Old Saxony.[9] According to British legend (see: Historia Brittonum) the territory known later as Essex was ceded by the Britons to the Saxons following the infamous Treachery of the Long Knives, which occurred ca. 460 during the reign of High King Vortigern. Della Hooke relates the territory ruled by the kings of Essex to the pre-Roman territory of the Trinovantes.[10] The kingdom of Essex grew by the absorption of smaller subkingdoms[11] or Saxon tribal groups. There are a number of suggestions for the location of these subkingdoms including: The Rodings ("the people of Hrōþa"),[11] the Haemele, Hemel Hempstead[12] Vange[13] - "marsh district" (possibly stretching to the Mardyke) Denge[5] Ginges[12] Berecingas - Barking, in the south west of the kingdom[14][15] Haeferingas in the London Borough of Havering[14] Uppingas - Epping.[14] Essex monarchyEdit Essex emerged as a single kingdom during the 6th century. The dates, names and achievements of the Essex kings, like those of most early rulers in the Heptarchy, remain conjectural. The historical identification of the kings of Essex, including the evidence and a reconstructed genealogy are discussed extensively by Yorke.[16] The dynasty claimed descent from Woden via Seaxnēat. A genealogy of the Essex royal house was prepared in Wessex in the 9th century. Unfortunately the surviving copy is somewhat mutilated.[17] At times during the history of the kingdom several sub-kings within Essex appear to have been able to rule simultaneously.[3] They may have exercised authority over different parts of the kingdom. The first recorded king, according to the East Saxon King List, was Æscwine of Essex, to which a date of 527 is given for the start of his reign, although there are some difficulties with the date of his reign, and Sledd of Essex is listed as the founder of the Essex royal house by other sources.[18] The Essex kings issued coins that echoed those issued by Cunobeline simultaneously asserting a link to the first century rulers while emphasising independence from Mercia.[19] The tomb of Sæbbi of Essex (r.664-683) was visible in Old St Paul's Cathedral until the Great Fire of London of 1666 when the cathedral and the tombs within it were lost. ChristianityEdit The earliest English record of the kingdom dates to Bede's Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum, which noted the arrival of Bishop (later Saint) Mellitus in London in 604. Æthelberht (King of Kent and overlord of southern England according to Bede) was in a position to exercise some authority in Essex shortly after 604, when his intervention helped in the conversion of King Saebert of Essex (son of Sledd), his nephew, to Christianity. It was Æthelberht, and not Sæberht, who built and endowed St. Pauls in London, where St. Paul's Cathedral now stands. Bede describes Æthelberht as Sæberht's overlord.[20][21] After the death of Saebert in AD 616, Mellitus was driven out and the kingdom reverted to paganism. This may have been the result of opposition to Kentish influence in Essex affairs rather than being specifically anti-Christian.[22] The kingdom reconverted to Christianity under Sigeberht II the Good following a mission by St Cedd who established monasteries at Tilaburg (probably East Tilbury, but possibly West Tilbury) and Ithancester (almost certainly Bradwell-on-Sea). A royal tomb at Prittlewell was discovered and excavated in 2003. Finds included gold foil crosses, suggesting the occupant was Christian. If the occupant was a king, it was probably either Saebert or Sigeberht (murdered AD 653). It is, however, also possible that the occupant was not royal, but simply a wealthy and powerful individual whose identity has gone unrecorded.[23] Essex reverted to Paganism again in 660 with the ascension of the Pagan King Swithelm of Essex. He converted in 662, but died in 664. He was succeeded by his two sons, Sigehere and Sæbbi. A plague the same year caused Sigehere and his people to recant their Christianity and Essex reverted to Paganism a third time. This rebellion was suppressed by Wulfhere of Mercia who established himself as overlord. Bede describes Sigehere and Sæbbi as "rulers … under Wulfhere, king of the Mercians".[24] Wulfhere sent Jaruman, the bishop of Lichfield, to reconvert the East Saxons.[25] Wine (in 666)[26] and Erkenwald (in 675)[26] were appointed bishops of London with spiritual authority over the East Saxon Kingdom. Although London (and the rest of Middlesex) was lost by the East Saxons in the 8th century, the bishops of London continued to exert spiritual authority over Essex as a kingdom, shire and county until 1845.[27] Later history and endEdit Despite the comparative obscurity of the kingdom, there were strong connections between Essex and the Kentish kingdom across the river Thames which led to the marriage of King Sledd to Ricula, sister of the king, Aethelbert of Kent. For a brief period in the 8th century the kingdom encompassed the Kentish Kingdom to the South. During this period, Essex kings were issuing their own sceattas (coins), perhaps as an assertion of their own independence.[28] However, by the mid 8th century much of the kingdom, including London, had fallen to Mercia and the rump of Essex, roughly the modern county, was now subordinate to the same.[29] After the defeat of the Mercian king Beornwulf around AD 825, Sigered, the last king of Essex, ceded the kingdom which then became a possession of the Wessex king Egbert.[30] The Mercians continued to control parts of Essex and may have supported a pretender to the Essex throne since a Sigeric rex Orientalem Saxonum witnessed a Mercian charter after AD 825.[31][32] During the ninth century, Essex was part of a sub-kingdom that included Sussex, Surrey and Kent.[32] Sometime between 878 and 886, the territory was formally ceded by Wessex to the Danelaw kingdom of East Anglia, under the Treaty of Alfred and Guthrum. After the reconquest by Edward the Elder the king's representative in Essex was styled an ealdorman and Essex came to be regarded as a shire.[33] List of kingsEdit The following list of kings may omit whole generations. 527 to 587 (perhaps) Æscwine or Erchenwine First king according to some sources, others saying son Sledd was first 587 to ante 604 Sledd Son of Æscwine/Erchenwine ante 604 to 616/7? Sæberht Son of Sledd 616/7? to 623? Sexred Son of Sæberht. Joint king with Saeward and a third brother; killed in battle against the West Saxons 616/7? to 623? Saeward Son of Sæberht. Joint king with Sexred and a third brother; killed in battle against the West Saxons 616/7? to 623? (another son of Sæberht name unknown) Joint king with Sexred and Saeward; killed in battle against the West Saxons 623? to ante c.653 Sigeberht the Little c.653 to 660 Sigeberht the Good Apparently son of Sæward. Saint Sigeberht; Saint Sebbi (Feast Day 29 August) 660 to 664 Swithhelm 664 to 683 Sighere son of a Sigeberht, probably 'the Good'. Joint-king with Sæbbi 664 to c.694 Sæbbi Son of Sexred. Joint-king with Sighere; abdicated in favour of his son Sigeheard c.694 to c.709 Sigeheard Joint-king with his brother Swaefred[34] c.695 to c.709 Swæfred Son of Sæbbi. Joint-king with his brother Sigeheard[34] c. 709 Offa Joint-king during latter part of reign of Swæfred and perhaps Sigeheard c.709? to 746 Saelred Representing distant line descended from Sledd. Probably joint-king with Swaefbert c.715 to 738 Swæfbert Probably joint-king with Saelred 746 to 758 Swithred Grandson of Sigeheard 758 to 798 Sigeric Son of Saelred. Abdicated 798 to 812 Sigered Son of Sigeric. Mercia defeated by Egbert of Wessex, sub-kingdom of Essex subsumed into Wessex; from 812 to about 825 held it only as dux. See also: List of English monarchs ^ The Latin name was used, for instance, by William of Malmesbury. ^ Keightley, Thomas (1842). The History of England: In two volumes. Longman. ^ a b c Yorke, Barbara (2002). Kings and Kingdoms of Early Anglo-Saxon England. Routledge. pp. 47–52. ISBN 978-1-134-70725-6. ^ Baker, John T. (2006). Cultural Transition in the Chilterns and Essex Region, 350 AD to 650 AD. Univ of Hertfordshire Press. p. 12. ISBN 978-1-902806-53-2. ^ a b Rippon, Stephen, Essex c. 760 – 1066 (in Bedwin, O, The Archaeology of Essex: Proceedings of the Writtle Conference (Essex County Council, 1996) ^ Campbell, James, ed. (1991). The Anglo-Saxons. Penguin. p. 26. ^ H Hamerow, Excavations at Mucking, Volume 2: The Anglo-Saxon Settlement (English Heritage Archaeological Report 21, 1993) ^ Yorke, Barbara (1985). "The Kingdom of the East Saxons". In Clemoes, Peter; Keynes, Simon; Lapidge, Michael (eds.). Anglo-Saxon England 14. Cambridge University Press. pp. 31–36. ^ Yorke, Barbara (1985). "The Kingdom of the East Saxons". In Clemoes, Peter; Keynes, Simon; Lapidge, Michael (eds.). Anglo-Saxon England 14. Cambridge University Press. p. 14. ^ Hooke, Della (1998). The Landscape of Anglo-Saxon England. Leicester University Press. p. 46. ^ a b Andrew Reynolds, Later Anglo-Saxon England (Tempus, 2002, page 67) drawing on S Bassett (ed) The Origin of Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms (Leicester, 1989) ^ a b Yorke, Barbara (2002). Kings and Kingdoms of Early Anglo-Saxon England. Routledge. p. 54. ISBN 978-1-134-70725-6. ^ Pewsey & Brooks, East Saxon Heritage (Alan Sutton Publishing, 1993) ^ a b c Hooke, Della (1998). The Landscape of Anglo-Saxon England. Leicester University Press. p. 47. ^ VCH, volume 5 ^ Yorke, Barbara (1985). "The Kingdom of the East Saxons". In Clemoes, Peter; Keynes, Simon; Lapidge, Michael (eds.). Anglo-Saxon England 14. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–36. ^ Yorke, Barbara (1985). "The Kingdom of the East Saxons". In Clemoes, Peter; Keynes, Simon; Lapidge, Michael (eds.). Anglo-Saxon England 14. Cambridge University Press. p. 3. ^ Metcalf, DM (1991). "Anglo-Saxon Coins 1". In Campbell, James (ed.). The Anglo-Saxons. Penguin. pp. 63–64. ^ Bede, book II, chapter 3 ^ Stenton, Anglo-Saxon England, p. 109. ^ Yorke, Barbara, Kings and Kingdoms of Early Anglo-Saxon England (1990) ^ Blair, I. 2007. Prittlewell Prince. Current Archaeology 207: 8-11 ^ Kirby, The Earliest English Kings, p. 114. ^ Bede, HE, III, 30, pp. 200–1. ^ a b Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 239 ^ Essex archdeaconry through time ^ Rippon, Stephen. "Essex c.700 - 1066". In Bedwin, O (ed.). The Archaeology of Essex, proceedings of the Writtle conference. p. 117. ^ Brooke, Christopher Nugent Lawrence; Keir, Gillian (1975). London, 800-1216: the shaping of a city. University of California Press. p. 18. ^ Swanton, Michael, ed. (1996). The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles. Phoenix Press. p. 60. ^ "Sigeric 4". Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England. Retrieved 29 January 2016. ^ a b Cyril Hart The Danelaw (The Hambledon Press, 1992, chapter 3) ^ Hart, Cyril (1987). "The Ealdordom of Essex". In Neale, Kenneth (ed.). An Essex Tribute. Leopard's Head Press. p. 62. ^ a b Handbook of British Chronology (CUP, 1996) Carpenter, Clive. Kings, Rulers and Statesmen. Guinness Superlatives, Ltd. Ross, Martha. Rulers and Governments of the World, Vol. 1. Earliest Times to 1491. Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Essex&oldid=935379259"

The MPO offers its expertise in administrating grants for projects and programs that advance local or regional goals, especially those outlined in The Tomorrow Plan. This is one way the MPO functions as the lead agency of The Tomorrow Plan to assist with the implementation of its strategies. Fees may apply. For more information on MPO's grant-administrating services, call Dylan Mullenix at 515-334-0075 or email him at [email protected].

Q: TextView will not update from a loop in Android I have a simple app that updates a TextView from a values generated in a loop when i click on a button. But when i run the app, it only shows the last number in the TextView. I added a Thread.sleep() to slow down the loop but it did not work, Still the same result. What am i doing wrong here? Thanks in advace public class MainThread extends ActionBarActivity { Button btnShow; TextView txtSee; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main_thread); btnShow = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnShow); txtSee = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.txtSee); btnShow.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { try { for (int i = 0; i <= 5; i++) { String text1 = "Iteration No " + i + " occured"; txtSee.setText(text1); Thread.sleep(2000); } } catch (InterruptedException e) { } } }); } .... } A: use txtSee.append(text1); instead of txtSee.setText(text1); your loop is executing too fast to let you observe the changes A: Call another function inside loop and use txtSee.setText(text1); inside that function. or (int i = 0; i <= 5; i++) { String text1 = "Iteration No " + i + " occured"; call_function(text1,txtSee); } call_function:- call_function(String text1,TextView txtSee;){ txtSee.setText(text1); Thread.sleep(2000); }

Peeking behind door 13 of Coco's advent will see us looking at the subject of what to wear on Christmas Day. I tend to stay in on Christmas Day (other than maybe walking the dog or occasionally going for a run) so I never really give it much thought, but for those of you going out, there are probably a few things to consider; so here are my top five tips for choosing your Christmas Day outfit! 1 A little bit of sparkle goes a long way! Sparkle was invented for Christmas time, so make sure you embrace it! Whether it's choosing a Christmas jumper with a few lights and sequins, a sequinned skirt or simply adding a bit of bling to a little black number, you can't go wrong with a little bit of sparkle over the festive period! Rule to remember; if everything sparkles, you're probably wearing too much! This bronze sparkly Marks and Spencer's Archive By Alexa shirt was my favourite from last Christmas! H & M have lots of festive numbers to choose from this year, just incase you need some inspiration, follow the link to see an amazing silver dress that would be perfect for any festive outing (at time of posting!). It's Christmas Day and you're out having a festive Christmas lunch with the family. There's probably going to be a starter (usually a vegetable soup), Turkey, all the trimmings and Yorkshire puddings for main and then probably a very generous helping of a super filling dessert. A body-con dress probably isn't the most suitable choice...your stomach is going to grow, make sure it has somewhere to grow to otherwise you could have a wardrobe malfunction on your hands! My tip; if you still want to do fitted, take a large clutch bag to carry afterwards; it hides a multitude of sins! Well actually, cool might not be the right term, maybe acceptable might be better used! Yes my friends, everyone loves a Christmas jumper on Christmas Day (it's usually my weapon of choice for a stay at home outfit). They're cosy, cute (or outrageous depending on personal preference) and are great for hiding a food-baby. Plus, it's the one day of the year where wearing something that fun is totally acceptable without judgement. I'd maybe stay away from the matching turkey-shaped hat though if you want to look more chic than geek (a cracker hat is where it's at!). Whatever you choose to wear, I can guarantee if you're in the UK this Christmas, you're definitely going to need a coat! There are some beautiful dress coats right across the high street this winter (Santa is bringing me a beautiful royal blue one!) in all shapes and sizes so I'd say if you don't already own one, invest in one. A good coat can add a lot of glamour to an outfit; don't leave home without one! Mango have some amazing coats this year! You're welcome! You know what it's like, you've eaten all of the food and your pyjamas start calling you from home. SO, when you get home, just embrace it! Most of us spend the year working our socks off so if there's a day that you're allowed to be lazy, it's Christmas day! A good pair of pyjamas are an essential Christmas purchase for Christmas Eve (I'll be doing a separate post about this!) so why not have them as part of your Christmas Day attire too? And the best part? An elastic waist for all of the Turkey sandwiches you can manage!

Home Find a Book The Sixteen Trees of the Somme A truly memorable read! A truly memorable read! Book: The Sixteen Trees of the Somme Location: Norway, Shetland Islands, The Somme Author: Lars Mytting Review Author: MiriamSmith I absolutely ADORED "The Sixteen Trees of the Somme" beautifully written by Lars Mytting and found it powerful, poignant, thought provoking and very rich in emotion. 'Edvard grows up on a remote mountain farmstead in Norway with his taciturn grandfather, Sverre. The death of his parents, when he was three years old, has always been shrouded in mystery – he has never been told how or where it took place and has only a distant memory of his mother. But he knows that the fate of his grandfather's brother, Einar, is somehow bound up with this mystery. Edvard's desperate quest to unlock the family's tragic secrets takes him on a long journey – from Norway to the Shetlands, and to the battlefields of France – to the discovery of a very unusual inheritance. The Sixteen Trees of the Somme is about the love of wood and finding your own self, a beautifully intricate and moving tale that spans an entire century.' Excellently translated from the original Norwegian writing by Paul Russell Garrett, I personally felt nothing was lost in translation and the atmospheric feel of the haunting battlefields of the Somme years after the war and the WW2 concentration camps couldn't have been better described, moving and emotional and vividly brought to life to show the horrors and devastation of war. The weaving together of the connecting chapters was second to none and I really felt I went on an epic journey following Edvard as he discovered family secrets and the truth of his 'missing' few days. Truly brilliant, I devoured every word and followed every sentence. The depth of the writing showed a talent by an author that deserves the highest praise. Although I do believe this book won't be for everyone, if you do however love literary, historical sagas with a mystery and suspense element, you should fall in love with this book as much as I did. I'd happily recommend this stunning story, its a one that will resonate with me for a very long time! 5 wonderful stars!

Reliance signs $736 million green loan to fund REC Solar acquisition Australia and New Zealand Banking Group, DBS Bank, Credit Agricole, HSBC and MUFG were among the bankers to this rare facility, which is being used for acquisition financing for the first time. Indulal PM Saikat Das Reliance Industries is understood to have raised $736 million through a green loan facility to finance the Mukesh Ambani-controlled firm's acquisition of Norwegian solar panel manufacturer REC Solar Holdings in what could be the first such M&A financing from an Indian firm. The debt facility will have an interest margin of around 120bps–125bps over Libor. The debt facility was taken under Singapore-incorporated REC Solar, and is secured against guarantees from Reliance New Energy Solar, a wholly owned subsidiary of Reliance Industries. The loan facility consists of a $250 million six year term loan and a $150 million working capital facility, while another $460 million five year bank guarantee facility. A mail sent to Reliance Industries remained unanswered untill the publication of the report. Individual banks were not immediately available for comments. On October 10, Reliance signed a definitive agreement to buy Norwegian solar manufacturing company REC Solar for an enterprise value of $771 million from its owners China National Bluestar (Group) Co Ltd. The same day, Reliance also announced acquisition of 40 percent stake in SP Group company, Sterling and Wilson Solar. Earlier this year, Mukesh Ambani told Reliance shareholders that the company aims to turn net carbon zero by 2035, and announced huge investment plans in the alternate energy sector. Leveraged acquisition is on the rise in India as private equity funds are increasingly adopting a method of acquisition financing against the balance sheet of the target entity. IN July, Blackstone and its co-investors including Abu Dhabi Investment Authority, GIC and University of California Investments raised $1.1 billion to finance their $2.9 billion acquisition of Mphasis. Mergers and acquisitions involving Indian companies hit a three-year high during the first nine months of 2021, according to data compiled by Refinitiv. Between January to September this year, transactions worth $90.4 billion were announced, representing an increase of 35.1% compared to the same period a year ago, the data showed. sterling and wilson solar china national bluestar

Don't panic if you didn't get to understand what your professor was saying in class. In that sea of students, only one student or two may get the help of your math professor in getting farther clarification on a math homework problem. However, that doesn't mean that you are doomed and that you can't find help elsewhere. At this age of technology and internet, you can qualify for as many options as you may deem necessary for you. All you need is a computer and internet connectivity to access this kind of help. You will be all smiles to realize that your help was only a click away! Most students are not getting the help they need because they don't have information about where to find it. If anyone needs a homework solver today, all they need is to get online. There will be a lot of options for you to choose from. Make sure you get to find solutions from reliable online sources. They are always there. Read online reviews and feedback from past clients to identify the best service to use for the kind of help you need. There are great math professionals knowledgeable and experienced in handling math problems that are troubling you. Ask them for help today!

Kyler Murray goes No. 1 overall but to which team? There were seven major trades in the first round of the 2018 NFL Draft and countless others discussed among the teams. Given the depth of this year's draft, there could be double that number in Nashville as teams look to move up and down the board to land their next superstar pass rusher, quarterback or potential All-Pro. So who is going where? Here's a stab at how the draft could wind up shaking out if general managers start wheeling and dealing. Jon Gruden loves Kyler. The Raiders need a star to build around next to Antonio Brown and nobody in Oakland is convinced Derek Carr is going to be there when it comes time to head over to Vegas. With extra picks in the first round this year and next, Oakland sends two first-rounders this year and two third-rounders to move up the three spots to get their guy. John Lynch has no issues taking the player that some think is the best player in the draft. While he may field some calls for this pick, no compensation rises to the level of a trade and facing off against a trio of top quarterbacks in the division alone is enough to help the 49ers boost their pass rush. The team missed out on Anthony Barr in free agency (sorta) but find a longer-term replacement in the Wildcats star who can do just about everything. Yes the team will still go all-in with Sam Darnold this draft but Gang Green has needed a pass rusher for years and finally get one. The Kyler Murray chatter works well to net Arizona extra picks this year while instilling confidence in Josh Rosen, who is still a good fit for Kliff Kingsbury's system and the QB of the future in the desert. The team did upgrade both of their lines in free agency but can add a potential superstar in the middle in Williams. Andy Dalton will be a stop-gap measure in 2019 for the Bengals, who go all-in with a future first-rounder plus No. 11 overall to trade up and draft the Buckeye signal-caller as their guy. The new offensive staff has to love how imposing Haskins is and how much that will help in holding up in a physical division. Yes they have to find a quarterback of the future and have plenty of other needs but the front office loves the guys up front. Sweat has tested out of the building and checks a lot of boxes for a team that needs rookies to contribute early and often. GM Thomas Dimitroff loves to swing for the fences if needed and does so in landing a player who was a darling of just about every scout, fan and commentator in college. Oliver is somebody who will fit in perfectly in Dan Quinn's system and can boost his pass rush numbers lining up next to Grady Jarrett. Handing out that big contract to Trey Flowers means edge rusher isn't as pressing a need as it once was. Getting the most out of an aging Matthew Stafford is however and Hockenson has a chance to be his new best friend while complementing recently signed Jesse James too. It's no secret that the Bills need to get more of a pass rush and things just haven't worked out like the team has hoped with Trent Murphy. The front office can find interior linemen later in the draft but it's hard to pass up on Gary, who can head to Buffalo and make an early impact at a number of spots. Vic Fangio helped draft Roquan Smith last year and has to like what he sees in a fellow SEC linebacker who can go sideline-to-sideline with the best of them. Between White and Von Miller, the second level of the Broncos defense will cause tons of havoc for opposing offenses. Kwon Alexander left town and the team has done what they can to fill holes at linebacker but Bush could be the guy of the future to build around. His skill set keeps him on the field every down and his ability to burst into the backfield will more than make up for his smaller size. The Panthers can use their second-rounder (47th overall) to move up a few spots and grab a new mainstay along the offensive line in Dillard. There are some concerns about his run blocking but Carolina has no qualms given how good he is as a pass-blocking tackle who can help protect Cam Newton for years to come. There will be plenty of noise about Miami taking a QB but that appears to be a 2020 decision with most of the top targets long gone by this point. Instead Brian Flores can help re-stock the pass rush by grabbing the very polished Ferrell as the first guy to build around up front on defense. The Jags smartly trade back and net extra picks from Atlanta while still finding a new go-to tight end for big free-agent acquisition Nick Foles. The former Eagle won a Super Bowl connecting regularly with Zach Ertz and finds a younger version in Fant. Washington keeps going back to the well in trying to find a No. 1 receiver through the draft. Metcalf has all the measurables you want and can instantly surge to the top of the lackluster depth chart in D.C. Randall Cobb is out but the team can move back a few spots and still land a capable replacement in the electric Brown. The Lisfranc surgery will scare some teams off but he's such a dynamic talent that he's simply too good to pass up and team with Aaron Rodgers. Everybody knows Dave Gettleman loves to build his teams through the trenches and does so some more with the addition of Lawrence. This is not a pick that will delight Giants fans but the Tigers defender has off-the-charts athleticism and could be a young force in New York. The coaching staff continues to emphasize establishing the run and can do so with the selection of Williams, who can likely start at guard right away for the team or even slot in at right tackle. Houston does indeed have a problem and have had it for a decade-plus in trying to protect their quarterback. They flip spots with the home-draft Titans for one of their second-rounders to secure Taylor, who will provide an immediate boost up front. Wilkins falling in the draft some is all the impetus that GM Chris Ballard needs to go up and get him using all that extra ammunition (such as the Jets' second-rounder this year). The Clemson product will instantly help an already improving Colts defense and continue to boost athleticism in the front seven. Extending Philip Rivers' shelf life is a top priority for the Chargers and Ford is a huge upgrade at right tackle for a group primed to make one of those elusive Super Bowl runs. Finding defensive replacements is perhaps more pressing for a team that came ever so close to making the Super Bowl but with Mitch Morse leaving, the ability to go up and get Bradbury is just too tempting. The Ravens' new-look front office will be a willing trade partner at this spot too if they can pick up one of KC's extra second-rounders. The team did add Cameron Wake this offseason but he's 37 and probably not long for a franchise that still needs pass rush help given all they lost through retirement and free agency. Burns' upside is tremendous and he could form a heck of a long-term tandem with Harold Landry. Kliff Kingsbury knows better than most how good Risner is and his positional flexibility is bound to help boost one of the worst offensive lines in the league. The Eagles' secondary was ravaged by injuries last year so it will be no surprise to see the team go with some sort of corner or safety early in the draft. Adderly can line up in a number of different spots as a rookie before eventually taking over for Rodney McLeod. Fans will clamor for an Antonio Brown replacement here but that's not the concern of the front office. Murphy has a chance to turn into the top corner of this class and can help the team plan ahead with Joe Haden set to hit free agency next season. This team has a ton of other needs but you can't expect Jon Gruden to pass up a tight end like Smith, who can feast on the middle of the field with Antonio Brown taking the attention of defenses. With his quarterback of the future already in hand, this is another piece for the offense. Dropping back down in the first round is a rite of passage for the Seahawks, as is taking a chance on somebody lower on others draft boards. Collier has tremendous upside and a chance to become a building block opposite of Frank Clark. The Ravens didn't have a second-round pick this draft thanks to the Lamar Jackson trade a year ago and wind up moving back twice to pick up two additional top-70 selections while netting a future first from Denver. John Elway has proclaimed his love of Joe Flacco but ultimately understands he needs to plan for the future. The team picked up Adrian Amos through free agency and won't stop re-tooling the secondary there. Josh Jones was only okay last season and they can upgrade with a more physical presence in Abram. The NFC champions need a lot more help on the interior of the line and McCoy could slide right in and start at center or guard from the first game. They might be able to trade down and still get him but may not want to leave that to chance. The team lost a lot of talent up front to free agency and while they've replaced some of it, more is needed. Tillery is such a unique prospect that Bill Belichick and company will have to love what he could become in the Pats system.

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5 months ago / News / 0 Comment Joe Handy, president of NBMBAA®, calls for companies to live beyond hashtag Joe Handy, originally from New York, serves as the newly appointed president and chief executive officer of the National Black MBA Association® (NBMBAA®). Handy is a multifaceted business and operations executive with a strong history of leadership and over two decades of experience in cultural institutions. He joins rolling out to discuss a very promising opportunity.

package org.apache.spark.sql.types import scala.collection.mutable import org.apache.spark.annotation.{DeveloperApi, Since} import org.apache.spark.internal.Logging import org.apache.spark.sql.errors.QueryExecutionErrors import org.apache.spark.util.Utils /** * This object keeps the mappings between user classes and their User Defined Types (UDTs). * Previously we use the annotation `SQLUserDefinedType` to register UDTs for user classes. * However, by doing this, we add SparkSQL dependency on user classes. This object provides * alternative approach to register UDTs for user classes. */ @DeveloperApi @Since("3.2.0") object UDTRegistration extends Serializable with Logging { /** The mapping between the Class between UserDefinedType and user classes. */ private lazy val udtMap: mutable.Map[String, String] = mutable.Map( ("org.apache.spark.ml.linalg.Vector", "org.apache.spark.ml.linalg.VectorUDT"), ("org.apache.spark.ml.linalg.DenseVector", "org.apache.spark.ml.linalg.VectorUDT"), ("org.apache.spark.ml.linalg.SparseVector", "org.apache.spark.ml.linalg.VectorUDT"), ("org.apache.spark.ml.linalg.Matrix", "org.apache.spark.ml.linalg.MatrixUDT"), ("org.apache.spark.ml.linalg.DenseMatrix", "org.apache.spark.ml.linalg.MatrixUDT"), ("org.apache.spark.ml.linalg.SparseMatrix", "org.apache.spark.ml.linalg.MatrixUDT")) /** * Queries if a given user class is already registered or not. * @param userClassName the name of user class * @return boolean value indicates if the given user class is registered or not */ def exists(userClassName: String): Boolean = udtMap.contains(userClassName) /** * Registers an UserDefinedType to an user class. If the user class is already registered * with another UserDefinedType, warning log message will be shown. * @param userClass the name of user class * @param udtClass the name of UserDefinedType class for the given userClass */ def register(userClass: String, udtClass: String): Unit = { if (udtMap.contains(userClass)) { logWarning(s"Cannot register UDT for ${userClass}, which is already registered.") } else { // When register UDT with class name, we can't check if the UDT class is an UserDefinedType, // or not. The check is deferred. udtMap += ((userClass, udtClass)) } } /** * Returns the Class of UserDefinedType for the name of a given user class. * @param userClass class name of user class * @return Option value of the Class object of UserDefinedType */ def getUDTFor(userClass: String): Option[Class[_]] = { udtMap.get(userClass).map { udtClassName => if (Utils.classIsLoadable(udtClassName)) { val udtClass = Utils.classForName(udtClassName) if (classOf[UserDefinedType[_]].isAssignableFrom(udtClass)) { udtClass } else { throw QueryExecutionErrors.notUserDefinedTypeError(udtClass.getName, userClass) } } else { throw QueryExecutionErrors.cannotLoadUserDefinedTypeError(udtClassName, userClass) } } } }

10 Ways to Get Your Group Involved DVAM Archives Purple Thursday Outreach Kit Supporting Those Who Need It Most Meet Hope, Family Home Volunteer With more than 13 incredible years of volunteer service, Hope has been part of Doorways' Family Home team longer than any of its staff. "I was a longtime financial donor—back to TACTS days—and decided I needed to do more," she said. (Doorways was originally named The Arlington Temporary Community Shelter, or TACTS.) Volunteering at Doorways "is incredibly rewarding, giving back to the community," she said. For Hope, working with Doorways is a way of paying forward all the help she has received along the way. Her favorite thing about volunteering with Doorways is the clients, she said, "especially the kids." "Our clients are your neighbors, part of our community," she said. "Most of us, at one point or another in our lives, are only a paycheck or two away." Doorways has given Hope "an appreciation of all the complexities in the homelessness issue; an appreciation for the dedication of the people working to solve them one client at a time; and an appreciation of the people struggling with them every day." To anyone considering joining Hope in investing financially in Doorways' response: "You are supporting those who need it most," she said. "We help the whole person—not just providing food and shelter, but helping them to grow and become independent." To learn more about giving to Doorways, please contact Joy Myers, Chief Development Officer, at [email protected] or 703-504-9290. To learn more about volunteering, and please contact us at [email protected] with any questions.

We like to listen. Our goal is to get a deep understanding of your project so that we can anticipate your needs and foresee challenges in development. We provide a next-level experience while staying centered on the things you care about: creating a space full of character and depth; one that will provide an engaging human experience for years ahead. We work with Architects, Designers and Owners who are excited about creating transformative, regenerative environments that breathe life into the communities around them. We bring architectural experience, product knowledge and genuine passion to the table to help translate your vision into reality. We want to be your guide in the world of wall panels, and help you discover all the incredible solutions available to your project. We understand that every environment requires a new mode of thinking—a corporate atmosphere calls disparate set of skills compared to hospitality. The same is true for medical, education, commercial and inspirational spaces. We put our expertise to work, collaborating with you toward a powerful experience for the people who inhabit your space.

Q: Why does my for loop return only 1 row,after using rbind in every iteration? I am trying to obtain a set of solutions for the following equation: y=x^2 - t[i] ,for all the values that the parameter t varies in [2,3]. I tried to implement a for loop that in every iteration computes the calculations and rbinds the result to a dataframe to be used for later. t<-seq(from = 2, to = 3, by = 0.005) x<-seq(from = 0, to = 30, by = 0.05) d<-data.frame() for (i in length(t)) { y<- x^2 - t[i] d<-rbind(d,y) } d I expect the output of the for loop to be a dataframe of 201 rows and 601 columns, but the actual output is only one 1 row of 601 columns . A: It will create 201 rows if you change the for loop to iterate through 1:length(t). t <- seq(from = 2, to = 3, by = 0.005) x <- seq(from = 0, to = 30, by = 0.05) d <- data.frame() for (i in 1:length(t)) { y <- x^2 - t[i] d <- rbind(d,y) } str(d)

Dhamma Santi is situated in Engenheiro Paulo de Frontin close to Rio de Janeiro and Dhamma Sarana is situated in Santana de Parnaíba, São Paulo. ~ passing through Conrado, Arcádia and, finally, driving uphill until the roundabout before Miguel Pereira (right after a police station). ~ Once arriving at the roundabout before Miguel Pereira, follow the signs to Vassouras. ~ As soon as you pass a little bridge with a fence-like green guard rail. You will know you are on the right road when you see the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia - UFRJ". On this road (Av. de Maria Luiza) you will go 3,5 km, until reaching number 2.605, where Dhamma Santi is. ~ Fares vary by date, schedule and if you buy in advance. We recommend you check the information by phone or website. ~ The trip takes about 2h00. (a) you may take a taxi (about 50 Reais) to Dhamma Santi, showing the map to the driver. ~ from there takes about 1-hour (or 3,5 km) walking to Dhamma Santi Center. You will see a Vipassana sign there. NOTE: a taxi from Sacra Família or Morro Azul to Dhamma Santi Center is about 20 Reais. ~ At Central Station (Central do Brasil), take a train to Japeri. ~ At Japeri, take another train to Paracambi (which is free of charge and 3 stations after Japeri). You might need to wait about 15 minutes. ~ At Paracambi, leaving the train station, take the left to the bus stop to Paulo de Frontin. ~ after Morro Azul ask the driver to stop at the CEDAE stop. You will see a Vipassana sign there. It takes about 1-hour (or 3,5 km) walking to Dhamma Santi Center. Take a taxi from the airport or a bus (Real Company, around 5 Reais) to the bus station and take the bus above described. ~ From the main bus station Terminal Rodoviário do Tietê (Phone number 11 3235-0322), take the Salutaris/Aguia Branca company bus to Vassouras. The phone numbers for Salutaris/Aguia Branca are (11) 4004-1010 and 0800 725 1211 or check information on www.aguiabranca.com.br. Fares vary by date, schedule and if you buy in advance. We recommend you check the information by phone or website. The trip takes about five hours. (a) A taxi to Dhamma Santi Vipassana Meditation Center, directing the driver to take the road to Miguel Pereira, and then take the first road to the right after passing the town of Sacra Família. This is Av. de Maria Luiza where the Center is located. At the entrance of the road there is a sign saying "Vipassana". The journey takes between 20 and 30 minutes. OBS. The Av. de Maria Luiza is right before a little bridge with a green fence like guard rail that is right before a CEDAE place - on the right side of the road - and about 2 km before the town of Morro Azul. ~ If by chance you should pass by either one of the three indications above mentioned it means you have missed the entrance to our avenue. You will know you are on the correct road if, in a short while, you see the "Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia - UFRJ". This area is known as Aprendizado. ~ On this road (Av. de Maria Luiza) you will go 3,5 km, until reaching number 2.605, where Dhamma Santi is located. (b) take a bus or Van to Arcozelo, and ask the driver to stop at CEDAE bus stop (parada da CEDAE) after Sacra Familia, from there it takes about 1-hour (or 3,5 km) walking to Dhamma Santi Center. There is a Vipassana sign indicating the entrance of the Center. (c) take a Normandy bus - phone number at Vassouras, (24) 2471-1055 - to Paty de Alferes.Ask the driver to stop at Morro Azul, and from there take a taxi (about 20 Reais) to Dhamma Santi, following the above directions. ~ From Volta Redonda take a bus to Vassouras: Viação Progresso bus company (24-3342-2396 or www.viacaoprogresso.com.br). Fares and schedule vary. From Vassouras follow the directions above. ~ Coming from São Paulo, go to Volta Redonda on Via Dutra. ~ From there, follow the signs to Vassouras (this option allows you to avoid the hills called Serra das Araras and is a short cut). ~ Once in Vassouras, take the road to Miguel Pereira, turn on the first road to the right after the town of Sacra Família - this is Av. de Maria Luiza (obs. Av. de Maria Luiza is just before a little bridge with a green fence like guard rail right after a CEDAE post - on the right side of the road - and about 2 km before the town of Morro Azul. ~ If by chance you should pass by either the bridge or the town that means you have missed the entrance to our avenue). You will know you are on the right road if, in a short while, you see the "Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia -UFRJ", an ex-rest home run by the State government. ~ On this road (Av. de Maria Luiza) you will go 3,5 km until reaching number 2.605, where Dhamma Santi is located. Take a taxi from the airport to the bus station and take the bus above described. You can request a shared trip. The shared trips are articulated through our Shared Trip Chart "Mural de Caronas" Online. The board is password protected and aims to facilitate the articulation of shared trips for the course safely. The information of access to the "Mural de Caronas" will receive in the email that you request the final confirmation of your participation, that is to say, 3 weeks before the beginning of the course. IF YOU GO BY CAR AND WANT TO OFFER A RIDE: You will receive information on how to access the Rides Board in the email that requires your final confirmation, that means 21 days prior to the beginning of the course. To those who wish to go by car, we recommend offering a ride to other students. Those interested will contact you or you can contact them through the Rides. Please contact us if you have questions about arriving at the course location.

The Conqueror Worm (American International, 1968). Overall: Very Fine-. Photos (8) (8" X 10"). Horror. Vintage gelatin silver, single weight, glossy finish photos. Starring Vincent Price, Ian Ogilvy, Rupert Davies, Hilary Heath, Robert Russell, Nicky Henson, Maggie Kimberly, Paul Ferris, Beaufoy Milton, Patrick Wymark, and Wilfrid Brambell. Directed by Michael Reeves. Unrestored photos with clean overall appearances. They may have general signs of use, such as slight edge and corner wear, faint creases, unobtrusive stains, light surface checking, pinholes, small tears, minor paper loss, or some curling. This lot contains duplicate photos. Overall: Very Fine-.

Electronics Production | September 22, 2010 PartnerTech has opened its new plant in Poland Editor: Anke Schröter Today at 11:30, Grzegorz Osyra, mayor of Myslowice (Poland) officially opened PartnerTech's new manufacturing facility. The project was launched in November 2009 and production started up in May 2010. Myslowice is designed as PartnerTech's production hub for systems integration and sheet metal processing. Approximately 50 employees are currently working at the facility and the Swedish EMS-provider has the ambition to gradually increase the number of employees in order to handle an annual sales level of about EUR 40 million during 2011. The location in the Katowice region of southern Poland will make the facility an important distribution and service centre for the European markets. Mr Thorwaldsson, Mr Maciejewski and Mr Osyra about to cut the ribbon Partnertech lays off in Poland PartnerTech keeps investing in Poland Partnertech opens production unit in Poland

The Gary Hart Biopic The Front Runner Is a Real Winner Should a politician's private life be tabloid fodder? By Stephanie Zacharek Nearly 30 years before the Access Hollywood tape revealed Donald Trump's crass misogyny, only to be met with a resounding "So what?" by much of the public, an articulate and serious-minded presidential candidate was forced out of the 1988 race over his suspected marital infidelity. The accompanying visual was striking: a photograph of a former Senator from Colorado, Gary Hart, sitting on a dock in Bimini, with a woman in a white dress–a sometime pharmaceutical rep and actor named Donna Rice–perched on his knee. That photo emerged more than two weeks after Hart left the race. The truly destructive force had swept through earlier: political reporters from several major newspapers dogged Hart with questions about his "womanizing," feeling it was their duty to uncover every detail of his personal life. The last weeks and days of Hart's campaign are the subject of Jason Reitman's astute and painfully relevant political comedy The Front Runner, adapted from Matt Bai's book All the Truth Is Out: The Week Politics Went Tabloid, and starring Hugh Jackman as the ill-fated Hart. If Hart's private life held some not-ready-for-prime-time secrets, the behavior of the press covering him was arguably worse: in the movie's centerpiece, a duo of Miami Herald reporters (Steve Zissis and Bill Burr) stake out Hart's Washington townhouse, hoping to uncover dirt, later confronting him in the house's alleyway. Hart stands his ground–Jackman is terrific, channeling Henry Fonda in John Ford's Young Mr. Lincoln–but he can't survive the onslaught. Taylor Swift: Miss Americana Is an Intriguing But Incomplete Sketch of an Icon in Transition The Assistant Is a Movie for the #MeToo Era–But It Also Captures the Insults of Workplace Exploitation The scenes between Hart and his wife Lee (played with no-nonsense fortitude by Vera Farmiga) are among the film's best, exploring what can happen when the private dynamics of a marriage fall under public scrutiny. (The Harts, incidentally, are still married.) Hart's story marked a shift in the way the press scrutinizes the personal lives of political figures–though as we've seen, unethical behavior doesn't always work against politicians, or even Presidents. Whether you've been following politics for three years or 30, you'll learn something from The Front Runner–but buckle up, because it's gonna hurt. This appears in the November 12, 2018 issue of TIME.

The safety and security of your family are important priorities. With a properly secured home, you can rest easy knowing that your home is protected from thieves and burglars. While it's difficult to thwart a professional thief, most burglars are amateurs and can be deterred with the use of a few simple security precautions. Browse the websites listed below, where you can conveniently learn about, and compare, both wireless security systems and central station monitoring systems as well as traditional home security locks and safes. Offers a wide range of wireless security systems, motion monitors, and burglar alarms as well as keychain security remotes and pendants. Set up a complete home security system quickly and easily to protect what's most important to you. Featured listing. These home security experts offer security and video surveillance solutions. Featured listing. Features home security packages, alarm systems, and personal response systems. Featured listing. This online home security store offers security products for the home or office. Featured listing. Offers medical alert alarms to help seniors feel safe in their own homes. One stop shopping for all your security needs. Locks, safes, CCTV, and more. Featured listing. Manufactures fire-safe chests, files, and safes, plus security safes, gun safes, floor and wall safes. Shop for home security alarms, cameras, and systems at eBay auctions.

Tag Archives: Deinfibulation A qualitative study of women's lived experience after deinfibulation in the UK Midwifery. 2013, 29(2); 154–158 Safari F Objective: to explore women's experiences of deinfibulation and its aftermath. Design: a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with data collection via audio-recording and field notes. The audio-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) method for qualitative data analysis. Setting: recruitment for the study was carried out in an African Well Women Clinic in London, United Kingdom. Participants: there were nine women participants of Somali and Eritrean origin who had Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) type III previously and underwent deinfibulation between January 2008 and September 2009. Findings: key themes identified were the cultural meaning and social acceptability of deinfibulation; the consequences of deinfibulation within marital relationships; feelings about the appearance of genitalia post deinfibulation and thoughts on reinfibulation. Conclusions: marital factors and stability of the relationship influence the experience of deinfibulation. Those women who said they had discussed deinfibulation with their husband in advance, and that he had agreed to the procedure, reported less problems afterwards. Single women who had deinfibulation before marriage may face more difficulties in terms of social acceptability within their community. Implications for practice: sensitivity to social consequences of deinfibulation is important as well as recognition that these consequences vary. When deinfibulation is carried out for medical purposes some women may appreciate the offer of an official letter from a health-care practitioner confirming the medical nature of the procedure. The data suggests that deinfibulated women may dislike the new appearance of their genitalia; therefore, the practicality of performing a concurrent minor cosmetic surgery with deinfibulation procedure may need to be examined. The need for further research conducted in women's primary language is pressing and should explore issues such as the situation of single women, men's knowledge of the complications associated with FGM and the benefits of deinfibulation for infibulated women. This entry was posted in Archives, Blog, Original research and tagged Deinfibulation, Interview, Nurse Midwives, Qualitative Research, United Kingdom on January 22, 2015 by AfWORO. Management of type III female genital mutilation in Birmingham, UK: A retrospective audit Midwifery. 2014, 30(3):282–288 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2013.04.008 Paliwal P, Ali S, Bradshaw S, Hughes A, Jolly K Objectives: to audit clinical management of women with type III female genital mutilation (FGM) according to local guidelines. Secondary objectives were to describe the population that uses the service and compare obstetric outcomes of intrapartum deinfibulation and antenatal deinfibulation. Design: retrospective audit. Setting: a hospital midwifery-led FGM specialist service in Birmingham, UK. Participants: 253 women with type III FGM who gave birth between January 2008 and December 2009 Methods: retrospective case analysis using patient records. Main outcome measures: proportion of women managed according to locally agreed criteria for the management of FGM; obstetric outcomes including perineal tears, episiotomy rates, estimated blood loss, infant APGAR scores and indications for caesarean section. Findings: 91 (36%) women booked into antenatal care after 16 weeks gestation. Only 26 (10.3%) were managed fully according to guidelines. The area with poorest performance was child protection, where the presence of normal genitalia was documented in only 52 (38.8%) of medical notes following birth of a female infant. The majority of women (214, 84.6%) had been deinfibulated in a previous pregnancy. Of the 39 infibulated at booking, only 9 (23.1%) were deinfibulated antenatally, the rest opted for intrapartum deinfibulation. Women who had intrapartum deinfibulation had a higher average blood loss and more tears than those deinfibulated antenatally, although this was not statistically significant. Conclusions and implications for practice: alternative systems should be considered to improve documentation of child protection related information. Further research is needed to confirm or refute the adverse findings among those that delayed deinfibulation. This entry was posted in Archives, Blog, Original research and tagged Cohort Studies, Deinfibulation, Nurse Midwives, Obstetric Labor Complications, United Kingdom on January 22, 2015 by AfWORO.

← How Israel withholds labour rights from the West Bank's Palestinian workers (The Conversation) Gaza attack pushed US electrical workers' union to back Israel boycott (Electronic Intifada) → United Electrical Workers Becomes First US Union to Support BDS (Telesur) United Electrical Workers Becomes First US Union to Support BDS A spectator waves a Palestinian flag during the first leg of the Palestine Cup final soccer match between Gaza Strip's Shejaia and Hebron's Al-Ahly at al-Yarmouk stadium in Gaza City August 6, 2015. | Photo: Reuters The UE adopted a resolution calling for a termination of U.S. aid to Israel. The United Electrical Workers union (UE) has become the first national U.S. union to formally endorse the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement to push Israel to end its occupation of Palestine. At its national convention in Baltimore Aug. 16-20, the UE adopted a resolution to not only support the movement that began in 2005, but also to call for a termination of U.S. aid to Israel and for U.S. support for a peace settlement on the basis of self-determination and the right to return. "We reached a breaking point when Israel launched the war on Gaza in 2014, killing over 2,000 people including 500 children. Because Israel has been unwilling to engage in real negotiations to bring about a just resolution to the occupation, this is a necessary step for labor to take in order to bring about a peaceful end to the conflicts there" said Carl Rosen, president of the UE's Western Region and a member of the national executive board. The UE, which represents 30,000 workers across the U.S. in both the private and public sectors, joins COSATU of South Africa, Unite the Union in Britain, and many other labor unions in supporting BDS. The Palestinian Postal Workers Union thanked UE for its solidarity, and expressed its hope that other unions will follow suit. "We would like to express our deepest appreciation for the courageous resolution on 'Justice and Peace for the Peoples of Palestine and Israel'… in support of our right as Palestinians to live in peace and dignity as equals on our lands," said the Palestinian union's response. The Palestinian union added, "We sincerely hope that other national unions in the U.S. and many other countries will follow in your footsteps. Your active solidarity warms our hearts and gives us hope that one day the working class all over will mobilize as one to help us end this brutal colonial occupation, and bring down the blockade, walls and checkpoints." This content was originally published by teleSUR at the following address: "http://www.telesurtv.net/english/news/United-Electrical-Workers-Becomes-First-US-Union-to-Support-BDS–20150901-0038.html". If you intend to use it, please cite the source and provide a link to the original article. www.teleSURtv.net/english This entry was posted in BDS, U.S. Labor News, United Electrical Workers (UE). Bookmark the permalink.

So my family and I went to hang out with some friends Sunday night. We had a great time and really good conversation. We talked a bit about the state of American Christianity and how we are really supposed to live and love. We really didn't come up with any answers but it was good to get a conversation started on the subject with some other seekers. We got in the van and saw we were on empty so we could either fill it up now or in the morning. I decided now was a good time so I drove to the gas station and filled up the tank. As I was getting into the car, I noticed something a little strange – a young lady walked up to the guy behind me and started talking to him – obvious they didn't know each other. I watched for a few seconds to see if I could figure out what was going on in the interchange but then got in the van. While getting my seatbelt on, my wife pointed up at my window at the same time I heard a knock. It was the lady. I rolled down the window and she immediately started talking. She appologized for asking but went into a big spiel about needing money for gas because they had to get somewhere and they were desperate and only had $4 which wouldn't get them very far. I looked at my wife and we weren't prepapred for this. We ended up giving her a little money. She said thanks and we went on our way. Now, I had enough cash in my wallet to fill her tank with gas. But we weren't prepared. We had mixed feelings about the whole deal anyway – was she for real or was it just a scam? The rest of the night I couldn't help but wonder if we failed some sort of test. We had just been talking about this very kind of thing not 20 minutes ago. Was God throwing us a situation to see how we would respond? Hard to say. I have replayed this over and over in my mind. When I was bringing my hand through the window to give her the cash, I'm pretty sure I saw a glimmer of relief in her face. When I told her how much it was, I'm pretty sure I saw a disappointment and maybe a loss of hope in her eyes as she muttered "thank you". You just never know. You never know. You never know when someone will ask you. How can you ever know it's a real need? Do we need to prepare our response ahead of time? Keep $50 in the glove compartment? Give without thinking? Some might call that careless, stupid, unwise. Some might call it faith. God never said make sure you have enough for yourself before you give to others. He said give to those who ask and I will take care of you. Still so far to go. In this day and age, it's so hard to know who is truly needy and who is just being lazy. I've come to the conclusion that as long as I do what God prompts me to do, the rest is up to the other person. It's up to God to judge their motives, not me. He will reward or take away as He sees fit. I'm glad that's a decision I'm not responsible for! Jason says "don't judge the motive." Even if it is for the 'wrong' reasons the person is in need- maybe that need is love…which you are showing a bit of by giving freely. I agree with you both. I had a similar thought once that even if they don't REALLY need the money, they obviously have some need. Even if the person is scamming you, they obviously have some major life issues to come to the point they feel like it's ok to lie and steal from people. I can't ignore the fact that Jesus clearly says "Give to the one who asks you, and do not turn away from the one who wants to borrow from you." (Matt 5:42) And by the way – right after that he says to love your enemies. I'd say someone who wants to lie and steal from me could be categorized as my enemy. I suppose if we view all our possessions (and money) as God's and trust God to provide for us, we would give freely. I guess we have to decide whether or not we are willing to bank on God's faithfulness.

So finally the most sought after hood from the popular video game Assassin's Creed is here. The Connor Kenway Jacket is a fine piece of clothing that is made with the cotton blended material with an internal layer of polyester. The color of the hood is seen rarely the blue and the white combo is itself very unique. The hood has full sleeves with open hem cuffs; the sleeves are white in color while the cuffs are in blue color. The upper part of the hood is white and the blue shade is given on and near the waist area. There are two pockets given on the waist side where you can keep your handy things. Get your size of the hood inspired by Assassin's Creed 3 Jacket and style yourself in the action adventure video game hero.

A Membrana de Nasmith é uma delgada película queratinizada, de 1 a 10 mincrômetros de espessura, elaborada pelos ameloblastos e recobre a superfície dos dentes recém-erupcionados. Trata-se pois, de uma proteína fibrosa, ou escleroproteína, produzida pelos ameloblastos do epitélio reduzido do órgão do esmalte, logo após terem produzidos os prismas de esmalte A membrana de Nasmith é resistente aos ácidos, aos álcalis e à disgestão pelas enzimas proteolíticas. Essa película protege os dentes recém-erupcionados, que ainda não entraram em contato com os seus antagonistas, e mostra-se relativamente permeável aos ácidos orgânicos, ao flúor e a alguns produtos microbianos da placa dental. A membrana de Nasmith é muito friável e, rompe-se com facilidade, quando submetida às forças de atrição, como mastigação, e às forças tangenciais, como a escovagem. Assim, logo que os dentes atiguem a linha de oclusão e entram em contato com os seus antagonistas, a membrana de Nasmith rompe-se e desaparece. Contudo, permanece só nas áreas dos dentes que não estão submetidas a estas forças, como as fendas gengivais e faces proximais acima dos pontos de contato dos dentes. Nas áreras labiais, linguais, ocluasais, bordas incisais e pontos de contato, a membrana de Nasmith rompe-se e desaparece. Bibliografia Bioquímica odontológica; Flávio Leite Aranha; Sarvier; 2º edição, revisada e ampliada; 2002. Histologia oral

Join Toast MODA for our July event as we visit Matchstic and hear from Blake Howard, Creative Director and Co-Founder of Matchstic and organizer for the Atlanta Chapter of Creative Mornings, on Tuesday, July 18 from 6:00 - 7:30 p.m. Our focus for this discussion will be on something we can all relate to - courage. After all, great work requires great courage! Blake is the Creative Director and Co-Founder of Matchstic. A Nashville native and University of Tennessee graduate, he made the move to Atlanta after college and was immediately drawn to its creative character and entrepreneurial atmosphere. Blake recognized the perfect environment to build a business, and started Matchstic when he was just 22. A lover of all things Atlanta, Blake is constantly seeking new ways to better his community. Several years back, he initiated Matchstic's On the House program, which donates design time and talent to local non-profits in need of branding. He also currently serves on the Board of Directors for the Atlanta Mission and is the organizer for the Atlanta Chapter of Creative Mornings, a monthly breakfast lecture series for the creative community. He was voted as one of Atlanta's Top 40 under 40 at the age of 27, as one of the youngest recipients. Most important to Blake, beyond all of these endeavors, is his beautiful wife Kelly and their amazing kids, Banner and Abby. They enjoy the good life in Kirkwood where they spend their free time reading on the porch, watching Family Feud, and hanging with their dog, George Washington, and cat, Riley. Toast MODA is a group of early to mid-career designers and design-lovers who collaborate with MODA to celebrate design and connect with each other! We are a collective of fashion designers, industrial designers, graphic artists, architects, design aficionados, and more. Toast is dubbed Toast to represent the blank slate quality of our goals and the radiant potential of our passions. Born from one of the greatest innovations of all time — sliced bread. This event is exclusive and free to all Toast MODA Members! Not already a Toast member, but curious about what Toast events are like? Have no fear. This event is also open to non-members for who meet the Toast membership requirements for a small fee of $10. Must sign up for the Toast membership level ($150/year) in order to be eligible to register for and attend Toast MODA events. Click here to learn more about Toast MODA, member-level requirements, and how to start your membership!

import Phaser from 'phaser' import SecondaryWeapon from './Weapon/Secondary' import PrimaryWeapon from './Weapon/Primary' import FadingText from './FadingText' import * as util from '../utils' export default class extends Phaser.Sprite { /** * Constructor * * @param game Game object * @param id Player id: 0 or 1 * @param type Player type * @param x Horizontal position * @param y Vertical position * @param keys Key bindings */ constructor(game, id, type, x, y, keys) { let data = game.cache.getJSON("players")[type] let orientation = id == 0 ? "right" : "left" super(game, x, y, type + "_player", data["sprite"][orientation]["frame"]) this.id = id this.type = type this.orientation = orientation this.data = data this.keys = keys this._initialize() this._addWeapons() this._initKeys() } /** * Initialize the player * * @private */ _initialize() { let data = this.data // body stuff this.game.physics.arcade.enable(this) this.defaultGravity = data["physics"]["gravity"] this.setGravityPercentage(100) this.body.collideWorldBounds = true this.anchor.setTo(0.5) // various properties this.health = 100 this.name = data["name"] this.defaultSpeed = data["physics"]["speed"] this.speed = this.defaultSpeed this._isActive = false this.goingLeft = false this.goingRight = false // add animations let leftAnimation = data["sprite"]["left"]["animation"] this.animations.add('left', util.animationFramesFromRange(leftAnimation), leftAnimation['rate'], true) let rightAnimation = data["sprite"]["right"]["animation"] this.animations.add('right', util.animationFramesFromRange(rightAnimation), rightAnimation['rate'], true) // power-up tinting this.tintIndex = 0 this._defaultTint() this.game.time.events.loop( 60, function() { this.tintIndex = 1 - this.tintIndex this.tint = this.tintIndex == 1 ? this.tintColor : 0xFFFFFF }, this ); // sound to play when being hurt this.hitSound = this.game.add.audio(this.type + "_hurt") } /** * Add primary and secondary weapons * * @private */ _addWeapons() { this.primaryWeapon = this.game.add.existing(new PrimaryWeapon(this.game, this.data["weapons"]["primary"], this.type)) this.primaryWeapon.trackSprite(this) this.secondaryWeapon = this.game.add.existing(new SecondaryWeapon(this.game, this.data["weapons"]["secondary"], this.type)) this.secondaryWeapon.trackSprite(this, 0, -20) } /** * Initialize the key bindings * * @private */ _initKeys() { this.game.keyboard.onDown.add(this.onKeyDown, this) this.game.keyboard.onUp.add(this.onKeyUp, this) } /** * Handler for key down event * * @param char The key * @private */ onKeyDown(char) { let keys = this.keys switch (char["code"]) { case keys["fire_primary"]: if (this._isActive) this.primaryWeapon.fire(this.orientation) break; case keys["fire_secondary"]: if (this._isActive) this.secondaryWeapon.fire(this.orientation) break; case keys["up"]: if (this._isActive && this.body.touching.down) this.body.velocity.y = -(this.data["physics"]["jump"]) break; case keys["left"]: this.goingLeft = true break; case keys["right"]: this.goingRight = true break; } } /** * Set gravity percentage * * @param percentage Gravity percentage */ setGravityPercentage(percentage) { this.body.gravity.y = Math.round(percentage * this.defaultGravity / 100) } /** * Handler for key up event * * @param char The key * @private */ onKeyUp(char) { let keys = this.keys switch (char["code"]) { case keys["left"]: this.goingLeft = false break; case keys["right"]: this.goingRight = false break; } } /** * Update handler */ update() { if (this.goingLeft) { if (this._isActive) { this.body.velocity.x = -(this.speed) this.animations.play('left') this.orientation = 'left' } } else if (this.goingRight) { if (this._isActive) { this.body.velocity.x = this.speed this.animations.play('right') this.orientation = 'right' } } else { this._stopAnimation() } } /** * Activate the players (so they can move, shoot, etc) */ activate() { this._isActive = true } /** * Deactivate the players (so they cannot move, shoot, etc) */ deactivate() { this._isActive = false this._stopAnimation() } /** * Get player HP * * @returns {number} */ getHealth() { return this.health } /** * Hurt player by a specified amount * * @param amount HP to substract * @returns {number} */ hurt(amount) { if (this._isActive) { util.log("player " + (this.id + 1), "taken damage: " + amount) this.game.add.existing(new FadingText(this.game, this, "-" + amount + " HP")) this.hitSound.play() this.health = Math.max(0, this.health - amount) } return this.health } /** * Heal player * * @param amount HP to add * @returns {number} */ heal(amount) { if (this._isActive) { util.log("player " + (this.id + 1), "health + " + amount) this.game.add.existing(new FadingText(this.game, this, "+" + amount + " HP")) this.health = Math.min(100, this.health + amount) } return this.health } /** * Boost speed by specified percentage * * @param duration Duration in seconds * @param percentage Boost percentage */ boostSpeed(duration, percentage) { if (!this._isActive) return util.log("player " + (this.id + 1), "speed +" + percentage + "% for " + duration + " seconds") this.game.add.existing(new FadingText(this.game, this, "+" + percentage + "% speed\n(" + duration + " sec)")) this.speed = Math.round(this.defaultSpeed * (100 + percentage) / 100) this.game.time.events.add(Phaser.Timer.SECOND * duration, function () { util.log("player " + (this.id + 1), "speed back to normal") this.speed = this.defaultSpeed this._defaultTint() }, this ); this._speedTint() } /** * Boost damage by specified percentage * * @param duration Duration in seconds * @param percentage Boost percentage */ boostDamage(duration, percentage) { if (!this._isActive) return util.log("player " + (this.id + 1), "damage +" + percentage + "% for " + duration + " seconds") this.game.add.existing(new FadingText(this.game, this, "+" + percentage + "% damage\n(" + duration + " sec)")) this._setDamagePercentage(100 + percentage) this.game.time.events.add(Phaser.Timer.SECOND * duration, function() { util.log("player " + (this.id + 1), "damage back to normal") this._setDamagePercentage(100) this._defaultTint() }, this ); this._damageTint() } /** * Stop player animation (when left and right keys are not pressed, on game over) * * @private */ _stopAnimation() { this.animations.stop(); this.body.velocity.x = 0; this.frame = this.data["sprite"][this.orientation]["frame"] } /** * Apply the damage percentage to the weapons * * @param percentage Damage percentage * @private */ _setDamagePercentage(percentage) { this.primaryWeapon.setDamagePercentage(percentage) this.secondaryWeapon.setDamagePercentage(percentage) } /** * Default tint color (no power-up active) * * @private */ _defaultTint() { this.tintColor = 0xFFFFFF } /** * Tint color to use when damage power-up is in effect * * @private */ _damageTint() { this.tintColor = 0xFF4444 } /** * Tint color to use when speed power-up is in effect * * @private */ _speedTint() { this.tintColor = 0x44FF44 } }

Get the best service and rates by dealing direct with Bird World Kuranda. Immerse yourself in one of the most unique wildlife attractions of Tropical North Queensland. Join the birds in their beautiful rainforest habitat. Flying around you are species from the vanishing rainforests of the world, including some of Australia's most precious and beautiful birds. There are brilliant Amazonian macaws, the endangered and stately cassowary, cheeky rainbow lorikeets, galahs, cockatoos and many more. Don't be surprised to find a feathered friend taking a ride on your shoulder! Naturally landscaped with waterfalls, ponds, exotic and native plants, Birdworld replicates the natural habitats of almost 60 species that roam this unique rainforest immersion exhibit. It is truly a photographer's delight. Birdworld Kuranda is located in the Kuranda Heritage Markets on Rob Veivers Drive, Kuranda and is the latest attraction to come under the Wildlife Tropical North Queensland banner. As a locally owned and operated family company since 1980, Wildlife Tropical North Queensland is proud of its achievements in the field of professional wildlife tourism. You will have access to all three attractions at a great saving off the normal admission price! This is an excellent add-on to your day in Kuranda, great for families. By purchasing the Kuranda Wildlife Experience Pass, you save $7.00 per adult and $3.50 per child on the normal admission price for all three attractions. If you love your wildlife and want more then consider getting a Wildcard yearly pass. This allows you to visit Bird World Kuranda and Kuranda Koala Gardens for a whole year. There are Wildcard options for just one park or for all three. Other advantages include substantial discounts on meals, digital photos and gift shop purchases. Unlimited FREE entry to the Bird World Kuranda and Kuranda Koala Gardens for a whole year. 10% discount off souvenirs in our gift shops. 10% discount off souvenir digital photos and photographic merchandise. 20% discount off admission for your visiting friends and relatives when they accompany you. By purchasing a Wildcard you are also helping local wildlife habitat conservation as $2.00 from every new membership is donated to the North Queensland Wildlife Trust. Naturally landscaped with waterfalls, ponds, exotic and native plants, Birdworld replicates the natural habitats of almost 80 species that roam this unique rainforest immersion exhibit. It is truly a photographer's delight.

Teresa Mason, 59 of Dover, Arkansas, passed away Tuesday, April 9, 2019 at her home. She was born November 6, 1959 in San Angelo, Texas to R. C. and Virginia Pruitt. She was preceded in death by parents and sister, Jeanie Ann Pruitt. She is survived by her loving Husband of 27 years, James Mason; son, Allen Strickland; daughter, Melissa Shelton & Danny; five siblings, Margaret Fleck, Tommy Pruitt & Peggy, Charles Pruitt, Arlene Neumeier & Kenny, Laura Jenkins & Bill; 9 grandchildren; 7 great grandchildren and numerous other family and friends. Teresa loved helping others. She was a caregiver for most of her life. She enjoyed spending time with her family and being a mother and wife. A celebration of life will be 11am Friday, April 12, 2019 at Russellville Family Funeral Chapel. Arrangements are under the direction of Russellville Family Funeral. Obituary and online guestbook are available at www.russellvillefamilyfuneral.com .

Facebook to let you vote on privacy changes Facebook is letting its nearly 1 billion users vote on changes to its privacy policy beginning on Friday.This is the second time Facebook Inc. is letting users vote on policy changes. The first time was in 2009 when Facebook was a much smaller, privately held company with about 200 million users.The vote is over updates the company announced in May, a week before its initial public offering.The changes include new sections explaining how it uses people's information. They open up the possibility for Facebook to start showing people ads on outside websites, targeting the pitches to interests and hobbies that users express on Facebook.Facebook said in a blog post Friday that it is reviewing the voting process, signaling that it might be time to end it. Facebook is letting its nearly 1 billion users vote on changes to its privacy policy beginning on Friday. This is the second time Facebook Inc. is letting users vote on policy changes. The first time was in 2009 when Facebook was a much smaller, privately held company with about 200 million users. The vote is over updates the company announced in May, a week before its initial public offering. The changes include new sections explaining how it uses people's information. They open up the possibility for Facebook to start showing people ads on outside websites, targeting the pitches to interests and hobbies that users express on Facebook. Facebook said in a blog post Friday that it is reviewing the voting process, signaling that it might be time to end it.

Even the Web giant boss will not have escaped the grisly surprise. Friday, members of Facebook and their friends have lived a strange situation when they discovered that their profile on the social network reported death. A small flower and the message "In memory of" before their name … This was read, shocked or amused some two million users, according to estimates of the American media. "Have we all died together today or …? "Asks a user. "I thought Trump had really won the presidential election, but it turns out I'm just dead. Thank you for the info, Facebook "joked another. "Earlier this afternoon, my Facebook account has posted a nice message to my friends, asking them to" remember me "and" find comfort in things that others share "on me. It was very touching, there was a small flower drawing. The thing is I'm not dead, "quipped Abby Ohlheiser, journalist Washington Post , specializing in new technologies, also affected. This symbol and messages will warn ordinary commemorative accounts of deceased users, whose relatives have requested. The feature allows "friends and family to come together and share memories after the death of a person," says the American social network. "According to our regulations, if Facebook is informed of a person's death, we transform his account in behalf of commemoration." This requires in particular present proof of death. Even Mark Zuckerberg, the boss and founder of the social network, has passed away Friday 2.0 side. "We hope that those who like Mark find comfort in seeing what others share" in tribute to his life, it was written a while on his profile. "It is a terrible mistake that we have now solved," conceded a spokesman for Facebook. "For a brief moment today, a message for the commemoration of accounts was posted by mistake to other accounts," he acknowledged. A huge fail however that ripped a few smiles to users, alive.

For more information on Coronavirus (COVID-19) please visit the South African government's Covid-19 portal at https://sacoronavirus.co.za/ Footprint Press Pioneering people, interesting places and significant events – these are the themes of the non-fiction historical books published by Footprint Press. Highly readable and entertaining, these stories are told through the eyes of the characters living at the time. This independent publishing house was established by David Hilton-Barber whose earliest book, Footprints in the Lowveld (now in its third edition) was published by 30 Degrees South. When Chris Cock, who was the life and soul of that imprint, left the country, he left a gap in the non-fiction publishing market. Hilton-Barber stepped in. He identifies with the genre of writers such as TV Bulpin and AP Cartwright who popularised travel and history. He subscribes to the notion that was first expressed by George Cory, the eminent historian whose name is embodied at the Cory Collection at the Rhodes University Library: It is no more than the grateful duty of a succeeding generation to revere the memory of those who bore the heat and burden of the days long gone. But better than merely holding in one's memories of departed heroes is the placing on permanent record the account of their lives and works. Hilton-Barber is a fourth generation South African. He was born in Grahamstown in the Eastern Cape and holds a BA Honours degree from Rhodes University. He then trained as a journalist, following in the footsteps of his maternal great-grandfather Frederick York St Leger, founder and first editor of the Cape Times. In his later career as a public relations consultant he was involved in a wide range of public relations programmes for the public and private sector, included lecturing and contributing to the compilation of the communications course at the University of South Africa. He served as president of the PR Institute of SA and as council member for South Africa on the International Public Relations Association. He retired to Tzaneen to his wife Tana Tooley's family farm and together they developed the now legendary Kings Walden gardens and guest house. David has now relocated to Hermanus in the Western Cape to research and write further historical works. He is an Associate Member of the Professional Editors Guild. Footprint Press Publishes South African Authors Pioneering people, interesting places and significant events – themes of non-fiction historical books. Visit our Shop to find out more. David Hilton Barber You may also order any of my books directly via email or telephone. Payment details will be confirmed on receipt of your order. © All rights reserved Footprint Press Designed by Wilson Consulting Web Design

"Could not find method google() for arguments on repository container" I'm attempting to update a legacy Ionic v1 app to include push notifications. I've set up my app with firebase, and for v1 support I went with adding [email protected]. I'm now unable to build for Android due to this build.gradle error. I have no idea what it means, and search results have not helped me as of yet. cordova-plugin-crosswalk-webview 2.4.0 "Crosswalk WebView Engine" cordova-plugin-firebase 2.0.5 "Google Firebase Plugin" cordova-plugin-google-analytics 0.8.1 "Google Universal Analytics Plugin" cordova-sqlite-storage 2.0.4 "Cordova sqlite storage plugin" google-app-indexing-cordova-android 1 "Android Google App Indexing Cordova Plugin" ionic-plugin-deeplinks 1.0.17 "Ionic Deeplink Plugin" Note: the firebase plugin seems to be installed with the push plugin automatically, I am not installing it manually. I'm seeing the same when adding the firebase plugin to an ionic v3 project. Have you found anything helpful on this yet? Last version of the plugin causes an error when building the project in ionic. brassier - this worked like charm. Adding version "ionic cordova platform add [email protected]" … after almost a day trying to get ionic 3 app to built. Thank you!!

Bradley Patt Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows – Trailer Holmes is back in cinemas this winter... here's whats in store Robert Downey Jr. and Co. are back for their second stint as the London based legends. A Game of Shadows promises to be just as fast pased and witty as the first installment. Synopsis is as follows… Robert Downey Jr. reprises his role as the world's most famous detective, Sherlock Holmes, and Jude Law returns as his formidable colleague, Dr. Watson, in "Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows." Sherlock Holmes has always been the smartest man in the room…until now. There is a new criminal mastermind at large–Professor Moriarty (Jared Harris)–and not only is he Holmes' intellectual equal, but his capacity for evil, coupled with a complete lack of conscience, may actually give him an advantage over the renowned detective. When the Crown Prince of Austria is found dead, the evidence, as construed by Inspector Lestrade (Eddie Marsan), points to suicide. But Sherlock Holmes deduces that the prince has been the victim of murder–a murder that is only one piece of a larger and much more portentous puzzle, designed by one Professor Moriarty. Mixing business with pleasure, Holmes tracks the clues to an underground gentlemen's club, where he and his brother, Mycroft Holmes (Stephen Fry) are toasting Dr. Watson on his last night of bachelorhood. It is there that Holmes encounters Sim (Noomi Rapace), a Gypsy fortune teller, who sees more than she is telling and whose unwitting involvement in the prince's murder makes her the killer's next target. Here is the official trailer for the Sherlock Holmes film in cinemas December 2011. #a game of shadows #december #Film #jude law #Robert Downey Jr. #Sherlock Holmes #sherlock holmes 2 #Stephen Fry #Trailers #Videos Last modified: Thu 20 Dec, 2018 Giveaway: Philomena poster – CLOSED Competition: Guess Right and Win a Universal DVD Threesome – CLOSED Competition: Win Room 237 on DVD – CLOSED Behind the Scenes: Obilivion – The Bubbleship with Tom Cruise Behind the Scenes: Oblivion – The Sky Tower Film Preview: Dom Hemingway Stephen Fry's 10 Best BAFTA Quotes: 2014 Edition Review: Iron Man 3 (2013) Peter's Friends (1992) – Film Review Sherlock Holmes – A Game of Shadows (2011) – Film Review Film Review: Anna Karenina (2012)

Don't you just love these names - Leftöver Crack, Witch Hunt, Team Spider, Disassociate, Death Mold and Hungry Marching Band. This was the group lineup for yesterday's Police Riot Concert in Tompkins Square Park. I give them points for creative group names. This was my second year - see last year's posting here with information about the event and photos. The concert finished with Leftover Crack where the unbridled energy of youth reached its apex. There was of course the requisite moshing and a flag burning. Given the nature of the concert however, the attendees were quite well behaved for a punk rock concert. Apparently there is decorum and protocol defined within the subculture - I witnessed a really young kid who was extraordinarily drunk being shunned and seriously reprimanded by everyone around. Sad - where do u get support from peers as a drug user if you are rejected at a punk rock concert?

28 including students, academics, businessmen detained over coup charges by TurkeyPurge | Apr 6, 2017 | Today in Crackdown At least 28 individuals were detained as part of two separate investigations into the Gulen movement, which the government accuses of being behind the July 15 coup attempt, on Thursday. Detention warrants were issued for 21 people in a Nigde-based probe. While 14 of them have been rounded up in Nigde and Ankara so far, the detainees included university students, academics, small business owners and corporate executives. They are accused of having used ByLock, a smartphone app that Turkish prosecutors claim to be top communication tool among the movement supporters. Meanwhile, 14 others were detained in a separate investigation in Izmir's Seferihisar district the same day. Turkey has already detained 113,260 people over perceived ties to the movement since July 15 while 47,000 were put under pre-trial arrest.

the three Fs of basic survival. Feeding, fighting and�reproduction. Packs may be formed either pre-creation or IC, but only involves PCs or those directly represented with merits; no �Secondary� characters are created. Totems are created normally. Packs do gain the normal 5 dots of Pack merits, but other dots must be purchased by individual characters contributing their personal Experiences. Hunting Natures are not in use, due to the difficulty of keeping track. No drawbacks or benefits of the conditions are gained. Packs may purchase and use Pack Tactics of any level as well as use them spontaneously, though the latter may only occur in a scene with a Storyteller, who will approve their use on the spot; this does not guarantee every staff member will allow the same one in the future. Tactics must be purchased via individual pack members contributing Experiences Developing learned Pack Tactics for purchase follows the same guidelines as other Custom Creations. To clarify, the Primal Instincts Tell is required for Wolf-Blooded to participate in Pack Tactics. Non-Werewolves otherwise cannot do so. Wolf-Blooded Changing to Another Faction/Template-Former Wolf-Blooded characters retain ONE tell when changing into anything besides a Werewolf. Any additional Tells purchased are lost with all other Wolf-Blooded merits. Treated as higher rank above wolfblooded. Respected by Uratha who know the story of how the Thrice born came to be. Help from the Hayes Family when needed. They cannot take the Neighborhood Merit, even as pack members. They cannot hold Territories, as they are servants to all Uratha. If the Wolfblood undergoes the First Change, they will lose both the Second Skin and Shadow Twin merits. The needs of the Uratha come first to the Thrice Born, and they have a tendency to take on whatever responsibilities are asked of them, so long a it will not directly harm their brothers and sister. There's no true structure to the Thrice Born, other than the fact that a request from Michael Westbay is as a law to the Thrice Born. As the eldest of the most prominent family, he acts as a distant patriarch to his kin. The Thrice Born themselves try to meet at least once every month or two, generally at a Tur or a business owned by one of their own, to discuss happenings, any of their own that are close to their First Change (of which they have a strange reaction to…), and any other of the banal items of life that have come up. While a Thrice Born who undergoes the First Change still sees it as a great privilege, the rest of the family tend to feel sorry for the Thrice Born, as their brothers or sisters (their Shadow Twins and their Second Skins) are absorbed into the physical sibling's form. Thrice Born who have undergone the First Change speak of it as becoming fully whole for the first time, and they may actually be correct. Thrice Born who know a member that has undergone the First Change will still speak to them when they are seen, but will talk of them as if they died during their First Change. Status 1 - Ronald Hayes has indoctrinated you into the family. You gain access to use the family Locus freely. This also comes with free housing at the Hayes family estate as well as a family that will back you up through thick and thicker. Status 2 - You did something of note that even the Forsaken talks about. This does not go without notice in the family and they talk of your praise. You gain 1 dot of resources as well as the access to the family�s Library. Status 5 - Disclosed. Only Ronald and his daughter Claire have this level of status at the moment. Drawback - While the family is helpful to all Uratha, they are very insular. The protection of the family is the greatest concern to them. They take the loss of a member hard and cannot see themselves mating outside of the family. They cannot take access to the Neighborhood merit as the Estate is all the family cares about. Thrice Born within the family may also not form packs with non-Thrice Born and non-Hayes family members. Exiled members can not take Status Hayes family but may take the Neighborhood merit. Not a Fetish of its own so much as an additional alteration made to an existing Fetish, the Uratha makes it so a Fetish can be activated by those lacking the spiritual attunement that they themselves are inherently gifted with. By raising another Fetish or Talen�s rating by 1, the spirit within is left in a �half awake� state, and can be activated with a special trigger related to its ban, thus allowing non-Uratha (most often, Wolf-Blooded) to make use of it with the normal activation pool. This power is not needed to activate a Fetish by channeling essence into it, for those capable of doing so another way. Although the appearance of this fetish has changed over the centuries, it is always some form of container for liquid. Long ago, a chalice was popular for the imagery, Today, canteens and thermoses predominate, mostly because they can be sealed. The container is not meant to hold water (although it can). It is intended to hold Essence, safe and fresh for later use. For the Fetish, any character who can spend Essence can spend it into an (activated) Cup of Life for later use, and a character who can draw Essence from a locus can instead channel that Essence into a Cup. Entities (generally spirits and werewolves) draw Essence from a Cup of Life through the same method that they draw Essence from a locus, except the action isn�t limited to one attempt per day. Cups of Life fetishes are considered valuable resources by all who use Essence, and they come in different strengths. A Cup can contain a maximum of three Essence points per dot. Werewolves bind hoarding spirits, such as those of magpies or squirrels, into these fetishes. For the Talen version, it can be activated one time to fill it with Essence (using the above method), and then one time to draw the Essence, which comes in a flood; any excess is wasted. The talen then dissolves after that. A medicinal ball, typically about the size of a quarter, which heals all bashing or one Lethal, whichever is more severe. More than two pills in a day inflicts the Exhausted Condition. This fetish can take the form of a small pouch that the werewolf carry on their person or in some cases a tattoo in one of their arms (the tattoo version costs 2 dots), in them they have a small space available to carry things, convenient and discreet, most use it to carry their favorite weapon with them all the time, to avoid drawing undue attention or just to smuggle it through security controls. The fetish can store inside any object of size 3 or less, it needs to be activated each time to put in the objects or pull it out, the roll makes it an instant action, with essence the action is reflexive. This bracelet is made from black tungsten steel and obsidian braided together ( with the help of the sculpt gift) The inside of the fetish has been polished smooth and carved with first tongue sigils representing the Hisil and Shadow Spirits.. A Shadow Spirit is bound into the fetish. This fetish allows whoever is wearing the it to step across the gauntlet the same way an uratha would at a loci. Dreamcatchers prevent Nightmare spirits from influencing the dreams of the sleeper after activation. Any Nightmare spirit or similar entity who wishes to Influence the dreams of the sleeper suffers a −2 to the attempt. The dreamcatcher also acts as a ward preventing other Oneiromancers from entering the dreams of the sleeper; upon any attempt, they must defeat the Fetish at a Clash of Wills to enter or shape the dream (it has a base pool of 6 dice +1 for the Night-long duration). This small 1lb pound bag holds black gravel, which looks like it might be found in the bottom of some goth kids fish tank. When the bag is open and the gravel is scattered across an area it grants the user Influence (Shadows) up to the rating of the Talen for the remainder of the scene, within the area the gravel was released. A Muzzle Break that can be fitted to the end of a firearm, activation changes the nature of bullets that pass through it, allowing them to strike and damage ephemeral entities. Naturally, bullets fired this way do not harm more solid creatures. Beauty's Teeth takes on the appearance of a typical celtic sword; the only striking difference is the use of diamonds in the hilt to entice the spirit that inhabits it. These swords are ideal for those who prefer steak to claw. While active, Beauty's Teeth cuts through any armor, effectively treating all armor as if it were 0. Against supernatural sources of armor not usually susceptible to Armor Piercing, the wielder should roll a Clash of Wills (Supernatural Tolerance + Fetish level) vs the armor's originator to successfully ignore it. This fetish can take the form of any weapon, though it is usually a sword or the favored weapon of the werewolf in question, this fetish can be found most commonly in the hands of Blood Talons or Storm Lords. At the moment of creating the fetish, the character picks a Fighting Style appropriate for the weapon. When the fetish is activated, he knows it completely and can use it even in Gauru form or while suffering through Death Rage. The weapon becomes instinctive to use and while in Gauru form its initiative penalty doesn't apply. If he already knows the Fighting Style he may use the dots invested as bonus dice on related attack rolls. Not all Fighting Styles are compatible while in death rage, as some have maneuvers that require the ability to think before acting. If it modifies an existing attack or passively/reflexively applies its effect, it can still be used, but if it's a "new" maneuver or attack, or requires you to make a conscious choice (such as dropping defense for any reason other than going all out), it won't work in death rage. In Gauru form without death rage, the fetish can allow those to work normally; the storyteller/Rule Master has the final say on what can still be used while a werewolf is subject to kuruth. Activation of this Fetish adds half the wielder's Wisdom Renown (round up) to their Strength, Dexterity, Stamina, and Defense while in the Hisil. This Fetish is only for use by its wielder and on their demise the bond will end. Performed after the death of a werewolf to provide proper honor to the spirit of the valiant dead, gives packmates, allies, and friends to make peace, and to speed the werewolf�s spirit on its way to the ancestor realms or next life. Speeds the werewolf along to whatever awaits. The next use of the Gift of Death by the rite master doesn't cost essence to activate. 1 Season, with the option to renew before the duration has elapsed. The pack may initiate remote communication with one another, on an individual basis, with Resolve + Composure. This communication is limited, granting a general feeling of the packmate�s state of being and direction in which they can be found. Exceptional successes on the initiation provide greater input, a clearer idea of thoughts, as well as an approximate distance to their current location. In moments of extreme emotion, or when in the midst of real combat, this roll can be made reflexively to alert the whole pack, though the individuals would need to succeed on their own roll to have a clear indication of what triggered such an event. This rite is generally performed at night preferably during the rite masters moon phase though it can be performed at other times. During the rite during the rite-mater moon phase adds a +1 to the roll. To perform this rite the Rite Master must pierce the skin of the subject ( Usually by biting, through other methods may be used). The ritemaster must then draw symbols of protection and the uratha on the subject using a combination of the subjects and her own blood, doing this creates a supernatural connection between the two (Resolve + Occult). This rite places a spiritual mark on the subject of the rite marking them being under the protection of a werewolf or pack. Thereafter for the length on one Lunar month any time the recipient of this rite is in danger the ritemaster may spend a willpower to conveniently be in a position to save them. Anyone looking at the subject with a supernatural sense can see/smell/detect the brand, and the combination of scents of the Packs totem and the ritemaster herself. A supernatural connection to the subject is formed and will warm the werewolf if the subject is in danger, being attacked, or is in danger, allowing the werewolf to try and arrive as quickly as possible (or via the above method). In the hunt being stranded without essence might not be a direct death sentence but it surely makes life difficult for a werewolf and on top of that some gifts and numina can put a dent on a werewolves inner reserves, because of that Alvaro came up with this simple but ingenious rite. As the name suggest it creates a container for essence that can be carried on their person to have a bit extra juice available for whatever purpose without risking their inner reserves. Once the rite is finished each bottle starts to fill itself with the essence of the locus over the course of a day, one for each bottle, the essence matchs the locus resonance, each bottle can hold up to three essence points, but the rite can only make a number of bottles equal to the locus rating so a locus with a rating of 2 can only make two bottles. The uratha can "drink" one essence per turn as an instant action, or drink the whole thing as a reflexive action but ony get one essence per bottle. Once a month has passed though, if the bottles have not been used, the essence is lost as it evaporates into the air. Spirits awakened by this rite acts according to its nature � no more, no less (however, they can be asked questions). Success: Performed on mundane item or place wakes the potential spirit within. The item then possesses a spirit analogue in the Shadow Realm. When performed on an animal, a Hursih related to that animal in the spirit world wakes. The Hursih isn�t directly connected to the animal in question, though and it doesn�t have to remain in the animal�s area. A newly awakened spirit is always a Rank 1 Hursih with average traits for its class. The rite doesn�t work on sentient creatures or objects and animal (spirit representation) already awakened. The ritemaster gains a +1 to all rolls to influence the newly woken spirit, including Gifts and rites, for the duration of the scene. Along with his ferocity, Father wolf was known for his incredible feats of strength. Rahu over the years have learned to mimic this strength, pushing themselves Beyond Normal Limits and drawing on this strength as Luna's oathbound warriors. This allows the Rahu brief glimpses of Father wolf's strength. Upon successful completion of the rite, the Lune's empower the Rahu to push herself past what's normally capable very briefly. For each point of Essence spent reflexively the Rahu's lifting, throwing, and jumping ability is increased by 100% for a single roll that turn. One essence spent would double the lifting, pushing, and pulling capacity and jumping distance. Two essence would triple them; etc. This does not effect dice pools, only calculations for the lifting table based on current effective strength. This bonus only lasts for the turn in which essence was spent and both are lost if not used or prevented somehow. The Rite will always deal 1 aggravated damage from the poison ingested. Any additional harm that the individual performing the rite takes onto themselves makes the pack stronger. Each additional level of damage contributes dice to a pool that may be expended by any pack member to add to a roll that contributes to an action that furthers the pack; Lethal grants +1, and Aggravated +2. This rite was created by Reverie, Itheaur of the imahar, after bringing back the lost Lodge of the spirit dreams. While the Totem Oneri of the lodge grants those within the dreams great power, sometimes those within the lodge need that sort of power outside of the dream as well. The werewolf must supply Gatha of at least 3 essence and Blood equaling to approximately 1 lethal damage. Extended (20 successes, each roll takes 10 minutes). Success: If successful the werewolf gains a +2 rating to an Influence they already have access to (maximum of 5), appropriate to the type of spirit beseeched. Pack members� blood is strengthened, blessing them with exceptional health and healing, which decreases their healing rate by half. Uratha and others with the means to use Essence, Vitae or other Energy (or even goblin fruit) for regeneration find their healing likewise improved, doubling the effectiveness of using such for healing themselves (one Essence heals two Lethal in a turn, one Blood heals two health, a fruit doubles the healing effect), though this only works outside of combat. To ensure this, the ritemaster must sacrifice enough blood to take one Lethal to empower the rite. 2 Essence per Health Level to be healed. The rite is capable of expediting a Werewolf�s regeneration at the expense of the user�s own life energy. 1 aggravated damage on the target Uratha, who must be present for the entire rite, is healed per 2 target successes, although 1 lethal damage is done to the ritualist in return (but this is regenerated normally). Each use of this rite can heal a maximum of 5 health levels of aggravated damage on a single target, who must be a Werewolf or a creature with similar regenerative abilities. This rite allows a pack member to open a gateway into the Underworld. While the rite isn�t the special province of any one tribe or lodge, the Lodge of Death is the only one that uses it with any regularity. The rite is so named because of the way many werewolves feel about hunting already-dead prey; it�s an uncomfortable, murky practice, tantamount to admitting that the job wasn�t done right the first time. Sometimes, though, it�s necessary, and the rite can only be performed at an Avernian Gate, or at a locus with an appropriately death-like resonance. A gateway opens to the Underworld. It remains open for one hour per level of size of the creature sacrificed in the ritual, and admit anyone who crosses it unless preventative measures are put in place. Furthermore, any supernatural power used to close the passage must succeed in a Clash of Wills. The rite can also be used to return to the world of the living. However, it must be done in the Upper Reaches and within the vicinity of a closed Avernian Gate. Werewolves whose Harmony begins sliding towards their spirit half therefore must act quickly to reach a suitable site before they turn into Styx Hounds. The werewolf casting this Rite has one purpose in mind when casting it to make the lives of the intruders in an area under their protection as miserable as possible in order to harry them until they're able to either catch them or send them packing. The intruders find themselves the targets of the cities ire. Sidewalks seem to trip them up animals rats /roaches/etc. harry them, lights never change properly bricks and other debris fall form the rooftops fire escapes break if they're trying to be stealthy they find themselves in bright lighting if they're hunting after something the light goes dark and the trails seem to disappear. Mechanically, this affects up to one character per dot of the Skill used by the Ritualist for the Rite. For 24hrs, an area of the city, up to the size of one Neighborhood, will become hostile to the named targets. The targets suffer a −3 penalty to all rolls that would ordinarily be subject to distraction penalties while within the area, as the city interferes subtly with their actions, and they suffer a −2 penalty to stealth and combat rolls. Calling on spirits beyond the ken of most Forsaken, the Uratha calls down a Curse upon a named �Shaman� (really, any Mage can be targeted), inhibiting their magic and making them a potentially easier target for the Pack to deal with on their sacred hunt. So long as the Ritemaster has the Siskur-Dah condition relating to the offending Mage, the wrath of the spirits is brought down on that magic user. They find that all of their magic is Withstood by (5 - Gauntlet Rating), as the combined essence of every spirit in the area seems to work against the magic, unable to completely prevent its formation, but protecting the world from the Shaman�s changes. In addition, any Spirit Rank the character may have had is removed for the duration of the Sacred Hunt, as the denizens of the Shadow refuse to work against the true authority of Luna�s children. Active Spirit Sight can notice this rite building, and Mages capable of it may attempt to defend against it with a Shielding spell before its completion. After watching the Azlu for many years, Meninna started to use the privacy of the wall as their killing fields. By consecrating an area with totems and blood another layer is created in the gauntlet that the Meninna's pack shapes to their will and benefit. At the onset of the rite, the ritemaster designates a landscape and single possible environmental tilt. The area of effect is the ritemaster's (Purity X 50 feet) and is created as a pocket in the gauntlet. While in the Den the ritemaster's pack and totem gain the following benefits: Brawl, Firearms, and Weaponry rolls as well as Defense are increased by the Primal Urge of the ritemaster. All pack members instinctively know the direction of the Den. Only if the prey is the target of a Siskur-Dah and can be herded into the area of effect, they can be forced into the Den with a touch attack or grapple maneuver by any pack member or the totem without some other means of crossing over. The pack can follow by spending 1 essence each as if at a locus. Otherwise, some other means must be used to cross into the Den such as it falling within the boundaries of a locus. The designated environmental tilt must be present in the physical. IE Light snow could create a blizzard, extreme cold, or ice within the Den; not extreme heat or earthquakes. The man in the trench coat nodded. "Good. Stay up here. No matter what you hear. I'll let you know when its over." He descended the steps and found the inflicted man. Writhing and groaning in the chains, seemingly coherent but incoherent at the same time. The man stayed silent, crossing to a workbench and opening up his briefcase. A cross was produced, though it had been engraved with the symbol of the half-moon. He advanced on to the Claimed man. "You have no right to be invading the body of this man." He began to speak, lifting the cross. The spirit within the Claimed man laughed. "You think…you can do…anything to me… with that thing?" Though the spirit was unable to willingly leave the body of the man due to the iron chains around him. The priest thrust the cross out. At the same time he was using his free hand to draw strange symbols in the air. "Not by myself. But with the power vested in me by the Father, the Mother, and my fellow Iminir I say GET OUT. Leave this man and be cast back to the pit in which you belong!" This phrase or similiar ones were repeated and with each one an electricity seemed to be gathering until there was an unearthly scream from the man as the spirit finally lost the battle and was cast back through the Gauntlet to the Hisil. Extended (5 sux per Spirit Rank), Resisted (by spirit's Resistance). The rite takes 10 minutes per roll to complete. The effects of the rite, after a successful completion, is instant. Every 5 minutes, the Claimed individual takes 1 Aggravated Damage. Upon completion of the rite with the proper number of successes reached, the spirit is torn from the Claimed and thrust back into the Hisil.

Home Food News Restaurants This Giant Starbucks Roastery Is Every Coffee Lover's Dream Brooke NelsonUpdated: Nov. 08, 2019 via starbucks.com You won't believe your eyes when you step into this one-of-a-kind java joint. Coffee lovers, grab your reusable tumblers! America's favorite coffee chain just revealed what has been described as the "highly-caffeinated amusement park" of your dreams. (Even true fans may not know these secret menu goodies.) Don't believe us? Just wait until you get a peek inside the newest Starbucks Reserve Roastery, a massive 43,000-square-foot, four-story java joint. It's set to open on Chicago's Magnificent Mile on November 15, 2019. "Chicago's Magnificent Mile brings in millions of visitors from across this globe and is the perfect location for a world-class coffee destination," former Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel said in a statement back in 2017. "This Starbucks Reserve Roastery will be an investment in Chicago and a strong addition to Michigan Avenue, where residents and visitors can enjoy incredible coffees from around the world in a remarkable environment." Have you ever wondered how Starbucks got its name? The location is billed to include an in-house bakery as well as delicious specialty beverages (caffeinated, of course!) around every corner. Plus, visitors can get an exclusive look at the company's unique roasting process. The Roastery will also be serving alcohol courtesy of Annie Beebe-Tron of Fat Rice and Rachel Miller of Community Tavern. On top of that, Starbucks is also opening their Italian mini-chain, Princi. Even if you don't live in the area, you'll want to book your flights ASAP. Need to go as soon as it opens? Here are the official operating hours: Monday-Thursday: 7 a.m.-11p.m. Friday: 7 a.m.-12 a.m. Saturday: 8 a.m.-12 a.m. Sunday: 8 a.m.-10 p.m. This will be the third Roastery to open in the United States so far, the company said. Starbucks' hometown of Seattle opened the first Roastery in December 2014, and another has opened in New York. Starbucks has also opened Roastery stores in Shanghai, Milan and Tokyo. Nowhere near those locations? No problem. Starbucks plans to eventually open 20 to 30 Roastery flagships and 1,000 Reserve stores around the world. Odds are, one will come to your area soon. But once you go, don't pay for refills; here's why that's a waste of money. Originally Published: November 08, 2019 This Is How to Order a Secret Chocolate-Drizzled Strawberry Frappuccino at Starbucks This Is What Denny's Was Called When It First Opened Taco Bell Managers Are About to Make $100,000 a Year

All Hungarian players to have played in the English Premier League |In News, Features, Hungarians Abroad |By Tom Mortimer Hungarian footballers don't have a rich history of appearing in the English Premier League, with just ten joining the division's teams since its inception in 1992. With that in mind, here's a look at the Hungarian players who have flown the Hungarian flag in the English top flight. ISTVÁN KOZMA, LIVERPOOL Kozma was the Hungarian trailblazer, the first of his countrymen to enter the brave new world of the English Premier League. He'd previously been a success north of the border with Scottish side Dunfermline after a move from Bordeaux in France. It was Graeme Souness who chose to take the player to Liverpool, arguably the best club side in the country at the time. Kozma never settled at Liverpool and only appeared a handful of times. After his Anfield dream ended, he forged a good career in Cyprus, standing out in APOEL's double-winning season. SÁNDOR TORGHELLE, CRYSTAL PALACE Torghelle was a striker of whom much was expected at Crystal Palace. He was the first Hungarian in a decade to enter the Premier League and, for his impressive form on the international stage, Iain Dowie paid £750,000 to MTK Budapest for his services and awarded him the number nine shirt. Like Kozma, Torghelle found English football difficult to adjust to. Andy Johnson started scoring regularly and Palace went for a formation that incorporated one striker, meaning Torghelle was the odd one out. When he did get a start, against Charlton in the League Cup, he scored. Unfortunately, he was also sent off for diving, which all-but ended his Palace career. GÁBOR KIRÁLY, CRYSTAL PALACE & ASTON VILLA Arguably one of the best Hungarian imports ever seen in the Premier League, Király made his name at Palace after signing at the same time as Torghelle. It took him little time to break into the first team and, once he did, he became a regular. He was made famous by his insistence on wearing grey tracksuit bottoms instead of shorts and for saving a Frank Lampard penalty as Hungary slipped to a 3-1 defeat against England. As of 2018, Király is back in Hungary playing for Szombathelyi Haladás. ZOLTÁN GERA, WEST BROMWICH ALBION & FULHAM Gera is, without a doubt, the most successful outfield Hungarian to feature in the Premier League. He left Ferencváros in a £1.5m deal to West Brom in 2004 and spent the next ten years playing in England. In his first spell at West Brom, he was phenomenal, scoring within three minutes of his first start against Spurs. In all, Gera scored six league goals in his first season and was the only player at the club to appear in every league game. He later played for Fulham, scoring twice as they beat Juventus and finding the match winner against Hamburg to send the Cottagers to their first ever European Final. TAMÁS PRISKIN, WATFORD Priskin spent much of his career in England but only joined the Premier League for a solitary season with Watford in 2006/07. Also, despite being Hungarian, he was born in Komárno, Czechoslovakia. He joined Watford after a successful trial in 2006 but scored just twice in the league as they were relegated. He went on to score 25 goals in his six seasons in England before a move to Russia. He's now back in Hungary playing for Ferencváros. PÉTER HALMOSI, HULL CITY Halmosi started his English career with Plymouth Argyle, joining as their record signing at £400,000. After one impressive season, Premier League side Hull City splashed out £2m to make him, at the time, their record signing also. Just 18 matches and three years later, he was gone, signing for Szombathelyi Haladás on a three-and-a-half-year contract. PÉTER KURUCZ, WEST HAM UNITED Keeper Kurucz makes the list by virtue of a solitary game, coming on as a substitute for Robert Green at Upton Park in a 4–0 defeat to Manchester United. He kept a clean sheet for his short spell but an anterior cruciate injury later ended his West Ham career. He signed for West Ham from Újpest who, on 20th February, were priced at 19/20 to progress in the Magyar Kupa with Betway. He ended his career in Budapest with Soroksár. MÁRTON FÜLÖP, SUNDERLAND & MANCHESTER CITY & WEST BROMWICH ALBION Giant keeper Fülöp had eight years in England, five of which were spent in the top flight. He enjoyed spells at no less than nine English clubs, playing regularly for Sunderland, Leicester, Ipswich and Coventry after failing to break through at Spurs. Tragically, Fülöp passed away from cancer in 2015, on the same day his Hungarian teammates secured a 1-0 win against fancied Norway in the Euro 2016 play-off match. They went on to qualify for their first major tournament in 20 years, with all of his teammates spaying tribute to him after the match. Tamás Priskin, scorer of a goal in the second leg, dedicated it to the respected keeper. ÁDÁM BOGDÁN, BOLTON WANDERERS & LIVERPOOL Yet another keeper, Bogdan has had over a decade in the English game. He made his name at Bolton Wanderers but, in 2015, made a shock switch to Liverpool. He has only played twice for the Reds in the Premier League, enjoying a loan spell at Wigan Athletic in 2016. In November 2016, he suffered a tear in his ACL against Barnsley and hasn't played since. ÁKOS BUZSÁKY, QUEENS PARK RANGERS Last, but not least, is Ákos Buzsáky. He joined the Premier League party late, playing just one season with Queens Park Rangers. Altogether, he spent eight years in England before ending his career with Ferencváros. So, there you have it. Who was your favourite Hungarian export? 2 Referee Teams in the Europa League Undefeated night for the Hungarians in the Europa League Hungarian Teams in Europe - Europa League Roundup & Highlights

Ko Hong features one in the ten best beaches of the world. The lagoon is located to the North of the island, fronted by a fertile shallow water coral reef, perfect for scuba diving. Rocks are found not far from the reef, as a prime dive site to the view soft corals. The lagoon is the best site for canoeing through narrow gorge at the entrance into a vast body of water inside. Best period of day : 10.00 to 14.00 hrs.

Casey Jenks is the visionary founder of Fitbot, the communication software for coaches and athletes that is changing the world. What used to take a coach hours to complete is now taking them just minutes and Fitbot is the reason why. Active Life was one of the first companies in the world using Fitbot, we saw the value immediately. We like it so much that we decided to do an episode all about how it works, why it was founded, who it's for, and why you are missing out if you're not on it. This is a good episode for any entrepreneur or for any coach or athlete who writes or receives private programming.

Gorillaz have unveiled details of a new autobiography charting the history of the band. 'Rise Of The Ogre' follows the cartoon outfit's antics through their eyes – from the release of their first EP 'Tomorrow Comes Today' in November 2000 right through to their recent show at New York's Harlem Apollo. The illustrated 300-page autobiography also contains shots from the band's personal photo albums, along with unseen backstage footage. The book, which is out on October 26, precedes their new DVD 'Phase Two – Slowboat To Hades', which is released four days later. As previously reported on NME.COM, the DVD collects the group's videos, performances and short animated films that accompanied their second album, 2005's 'Demon Days'. There is also an interview with the animated band member Noodle plus layouts of the Gorillaz home from their website, along with a series of games that appeared on www.gorillaz.com.

Stephen Peter Arthur Wettenhall (born 15 February 1963) was the Labor Member of the Parliament of Queensland for Barron River. He was first elected in the 2006 Queensland state election, and was defeated in the 2012 state election. Politics Born in Melbourne, he obtained his Bachelor of Arts and Laws at Monash University where he was politically active on campus and was elected by the student body as Chair of the Monash Association of Students. He established his own legal firm in Cairns in 1993. For the next 13 years he specialised in criminal defence advocacy. His firm expanded and accepted instructions in a wide variety of matters including criminal injuries compensation and discrimination and employment cases. He also continued to represent indigenous clients in Cape York and was retained periodically by Aboriginal legal services in the Torres Strait, Gulf of Carpentaria, Mount Isa and Cairns to represent their clients. He takes a very strong and active interest in environment and conservation issues and has served two terms as President of the Cairns and Far North Environment Centre. He is also a founding and honorary life member of the Cairns Community Legal Centre. After the 2009 state election, Wettenhall was appointed Parliamentary Secretary for Tourism and in February 2011, he was appointed Parliamentary Secretary assisting the Premier for Economic Development in the Far North State committee service Wettenhall was a member of the panel of temporary Speakers, the Legal, Constitutional and Administrative Review Committee, the Parliamentary Crime and Misconduct Committee and the Investigation into Altruistic Surrogacy Select Committee. He also sat on various Parliamentary Caucus Committees. He was also a member of the Regional Queensland Council reporting to the Minister for Communities. In this role he was an ex officio member of the FNQ Regional Disability Council, a ministerial advisory body. He also chaired the FNQ Ministerial Regional Community Forums. Current Wettenhall has returned to legal practice in Cairns under his own name and is also a nationally accredited and Queensland Law Society approved mediator trading as Cairns Mediation. References 1963 births Living people Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Queensland 21st-century Australian politicians

Zumapalooza was created in 2005 and is held every 18 months to align with the major shifts in IT infrastructure, cloud and software development technologies. Every minute of Zumapalooza is custom tailored to the interests of our customers and prospects. Our goal is to provide a deep, unbiased view of the technology solutions available to you and your business. With unforgettable keynote speakers, amazing breakout sessions and integrated volunteer events, there's no other conference like Zumapalooza! Zumapalooza gives you three full days to allow for more sessions, more networking, and more fun. At Zumapalooza, we rent out the entire M Resort for what will be an unforgettable three days of education and interaction. Choose from a broad selection of breakout sessions on the industry's leading IT infrastructure, cloud and software development technologies. Get exclusive technology insights from industry leaders, such as Cisco, Citrix Systems, HP/Nimble, Microsoft, Mitel, NetApp, Veeam and VMware. Join the single largest gathering of PICK users in the world and benefit from dozens of sessions on how to modernize your MultiValue application. Meet one-on-one with Zumasys' top engineers and developers and learn how the next generation infrastructure technology solutions will help you grow your business.

#region License // Copyright (C) 2011-2016 Kazunori Sakamoto // // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. // You may obtain a copy of the License at // // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 // // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and // limitations under the License. #endregion using System.Diagnostics.Contracts; using System.IO; namespace Paraiba.IO { /// <summary> /// A utility class for operating files and directories. /// </summary> public static class ParaibaFile { /// <summary> /// Copy files and directories in the specified directory creating. /// </summary> /// <param name="srcPath">The source directory path.</param> /// <param name="dstPath">The destination directory path.</param> public static void CopyRecursively(string srcPath, string dstPath) { var files = Directory.GetFiles(srcPath); Directory.CreateDirectory(dstPath); foreach (var file in files) { File.Copy(file, Path.Combine(dstPath, Path.GetFileName(file)), true); } var dirs = Directory.GetDirectories(srcPath); foreach (var dir in dirs) { CopyRecursively(dir, Path.Combine(dstPath, Path.GetFileName(dir))); } } /// <summary> /// Write the specified byte array to the file /// if the file does not exist or has different size with the byte array. /// </summary> /// <param name="fileInfo">The <c>FileInfo</c> instance to be written.</param> /// <param name="byteArray">The byte array to be written.</param> public static void WriteIfDifferentSize(FileInfo fileInfo, byte[] byteArray) { Contract.Requires(fileInfo != null); if (fileInfo.Exists && fileInfo.Length == byteArray.Length) { return; } fileInfo.Directory.Create(); File.WriteAllBytes(fileInfo.FullName, byteArray); } /// <summary> /// Write the specified byte array to the file /// if the file does not exist or has different size with the byte array. /// </summary> /// <param name="path">The file path to be written.</param> /// <param name="byteArray">The byte array to be written.</param> public static void WriteIfDifferentSize(string path, byte[] byteArray) { WriteIfDifferentSize(new FileInfo(path), byteArray); } } }

Next time don't write to me via Barmen again; Mother leaves the letters lying there until she writes herself, and that is often a long time. But what I wanted to write to you — only you must not write this home, for I want to surprise them with it next spring — I now have an enormous moustache and shall presently add to it a Henry IV and goatee beard. Mother will wonder when suddenly such a long, black-bearded fellow comes across the lawn. Next year, when I go to Italy, I too must look like an Italian. Of gallant gentlemen far and wide. In brown or black mustachios. By shaving their faces as clean as a whistle. Can let our mustachios flourish free. Who bears his moustaches like a man. For having moustaches banished and banned. Who won't hand over the key of the door. And may their nights give them no rest. Thereupon there was more clinking of glasses. So it continued until ten o'clock, then those without keys had to leave, but we, the fortunate ones with keys, remained seated and ate oysters. I ate eight, but could not manage any more, I still don't enjoy the things. Since you are so fond of calculations and even want to reward me for them with the Order of the Yellow Envelope, I shall graciously regale you with the remark that Courant now stands at 106 1/2 per cent, while a year ago it stood at 114. The louis d'or are falling so that anyone here in Bremen who had a million talers a year ago now only has 900,000, that is, 100,000 talers less. Isn't that tremendous?

*To Peel Easily, Cut An "x" In The Bottom Of The Tomato, Place In A Pot Of Boiling Water For A Few Seconds, The Skin Will Start To Crack. Heat butter and olive oil in a large pot over medium heat. Stir in onions, cooking until tender. Mix in tomatoes and chopped basil. Reduce heat to low, continue coking for 15 minutes. Using blender an immersion blender, blend the soup until smooth. Serve, garnish your bowls with a couple of fresh basil leaves. Note – if you prefer a thinner soup, you can pour it through a strainer before serving.

<?php namespace LoopAnime\UsersBundle\Form\Type; use FOS\UserBundle\Form\Type\RegistrationFormType as BaseType; use Symfony\Component\Form\FormBuilderInterface; class RegistrationFormType extends BaseType { public function buildForm(FormBuilderInterface $builder, array $options) { $builder ->add('username', null, [ 'label' => 'form.username', 'translation_domain' => 'FOSUserBundle', 'label_attr' => ['class' => 'font-bold pull-left'], 'attr' => ['class' => 'form-control input-small', 'placeholder' => 'Username'] ]) ->add('email', 'email', [ 'label' => 'form.email', 'translation_domain' => 'FOSUserBundle', 'label_attr' => ['class' => 'font-bold pull-left'], 'attr' => ['class' => 'form-control input-small', 'placeholder' => '[email protected]'] ]) ->add('plainPassword', 'repeated', [ 'type' => 'password', 'options' => array('translation_domain' => 'FOSUserBundle'), 'first_options' => [ 'label' => 'form.password', 'label_attr' => ['class' => 'font-bold pull-left'], 'attr' => ['class' => 'form-control input-small', 'placeholder' => 'Your Password'] ], 'second_options' => [ 'label' => 'form.password_confirmation', 'label_attr' => ['class' => 'font-bold pull-left'], 'attr' => ['class' => 'form-control input-small', 'placeholder' => 'Re-Type your password'] ], 'invalid_message' => 'fos_user.password.mismatch', ]); } public function getName() { return 'loopanime_user_registration'; } }

US House committee to hear bill proposing DC statehood Posted: May 31, 2019 / 10:22 AM HST / Updated: May 31, 2019 / 11:26 AM HST WASHINGTON (AP) — The House of Representatives Committee on Oversight and Reform is set to hold a hearing on a bill proposing Washington, D.C., be recognized as the nation's 51st state. WTOP-FM reports District Mayor Muriel Bowser and Democratic Del. Eleanor Holmes Norton on Thursday announced the July 24 hearing. The last full House committee hearing on a District statehood bill was in 1993. The bill seeks to have the city "admitted to the Union on equal footing with the other states." It calls for districtwide elections of two senators and one House representative. It says all district territory would be included in the declaration, save for specific exclusions of federal buildings and monuments such as the White House. House Majority Leader Steny Hoyer, of Maryland, has said he supports the change. Information from: WTOP-FM, http://www.wtop.com Nine-year-old child electrocuted to death in swimming pool The death of a nine-year-old girl in a Sacramento swimming pool is being blamed on a malfunctioning light. Now, people with older homes are urged to check their pool's lighting.

Current: Aus eyes beneficial ownership list in tax avoidance crackdown Aus eyes beneficial ownership list in tax avoidance crackdown The register will reveal the beneficial ownership behind legal structures, such as shell companies, reports International Adviser. Kelly O'Dwyer, Australia's minister for financial services, said: "Improving transparency around who owns, controls and benefits from companies will assist with preventing the misuse of companies for illicit activities; including tax evasion, money laundering, bribery, corruption and terrorism financing." The government first announced plans to set up a register in May last year at the UK Anti-Corruption Summit. Panama Papers push There has been increasing public pressure for policymakers to crack down on multinational tax avoidance and corporate corruption following the Panama Papers scandal. The Australian government reaffirmed its commitment to a consultation on the details, scope and implementation of a register, as part of the Open Government Partnership National Action Plan, released on 7 December 2016. The consultation is looking for feedback on the type of information that should be collected, and how it should be stored and kept up to date. The opposition party had accused Australia's coalition government of dragging its feet on the issue. However, parts of the corporate sector still oppose a register, considering it an over-reaction to the problem. UK precedent The use of registers of this kind has precedent. The UK, for example, created a national register of beneficial ownership through the Small Business, Enterprise and Employment Act 2015. This requires small businesses and partnerships to keep a register of people with a major beneficial interest (defined as holding more than 25% of the share capital or voting rights). In November 2016, a UK parliamentary report said: "There are longstanding concerns that, when companies, land or real property are bought through shell companies, so disguising their true ownership, the resulting lack of transparency may allow corruption or crime to flourish." The Australian government's consultation paper closes on 13 March 2017. U.K. Lawmakers Want More Trans…

Saturday's TV highlights and weekend talk shows: 'Victoria & Abdul' on HBO Judi Dench and Ali Fazal in the 2017 movie "Victoria & Abdul" airing on HBO. (Peter Mountain / Focus Features) By Ed Stockly July 27, 2018 3:35 PM PT Pink Collar Crimes This new documentary series examines cases in which the perpetrators were highly unlikely felons. First up is a soccer mom who also was a bank robber. Former prosecutor Marcia Clark offers comments. 8 p.m. CBS Dr. Jeff: Rocky Mountain Vet Dr. Jeff fights to save a pit bull bitten by a rattlesnake in this new episode of the unscripted series. 8 p.m. Animal Planet The Secret Life of the Zoo This new episode titled "Mate for Life" introduces viewers to Rud, at 22 the oldest resident on Chester Zoo's Penguin Island, where he has spent 15 years with his partner, Spike. 9 p.m. Animal Planet Planet Earth: South Pacific This new episode tours the largest ocean on Earth. 9 p.m. BBC America Return of the Megashark Filmmakers Jeff Kurr and Andy Casagrande travel to New Zealand on another quest to find the biggest Great White sharks lurking in deep water off the coast. 9 p.m. Discovery Sharks Gone Wild As the 30th annual edition of "Shark Week" programming wraps up, this new special offers an expansive overview of major events that have happened in the world of sharks this year, including amateur videos that went viral, news stories and the latest discoveries from the world of shark science. 10 p.m. Discovery Victoria & Abdul Judi Dench returns to the role of Queen Victoria in this 2017 biographical comedy-drama from Stephen Frears, adapted from a book of the same name by Shrabani Basu. The film examines the British monarch's relationship with Abdul Karim (Ali Fazal), her Indian Muslim servant. Eddie Izzard, Tim Pigott-Smith, Michael Gambon and Paul Higgins also star. 8 p.m. HBO Love on Safari A Chicago web designer (Lacey Chabert) is summoned to South Africa for the reading of her late uncle's will, which bequeaths her a beautiful animal reserve. Tom Anderson (Jon Cor), a handsome safari ranger, is determined to persuade her to protect the reserve's pristine natural beauty. Brittany Bristow also stars in this new romance. 9 p.m. Hallmark WEEKEND TALK Today (N) 6 a.m. KNBC Good Morning America (N) 7 a.m. KABC State of the Union With Jake Tapper The economy; trade: Larry Kudlow, National Economic Council. Former White House Communications Director Anthony Scaramucci. Former Mayor Mitch Landrieu (D-New Orleans). Panel: Rep. Eric Swalwell (D-Dublin); former Trump strategist: David Urban; Nina Turner; Amanda Carpenter. (N) 6 and 9 a.m. CNN CBS News Sunday Morning Salma Hayek. (N) 6:30 a.m. KCBS Fareed Zakaria GPS Tensions between Iran and the U.S.: Reuel Marc Gerecht; Trita Parsi. Pakistan: Husain Haqqani; Laurel Miller, Rand Corp. What makes humans happy: Laurie Santos, Yale. (N) 7 and 10 a.m. CNN Face the Nation Rudy Giuliani. Larry Kudlow, White House National Economic Council. Sen. Jeanne Shaheen (D-N.H.). Sen. Ron Johnson (R-Wisc.). Panel: Anne Gearan, the Washington Post; Ed O'Keefe; Shannon Pettypiece, Bloomberg; Salena Zito, New York Post. (N) 8 a.m. KCBS Meet the Press Former Trump Campaign aide Sam Nunberg. Sen. Rob Portman (R-Ohio). Author Michael Isikoff ("Russian Roulette: The Inside Story of Putin's War on America & the Election of Donald Trump"). Panel: Matthew Continetti, Washington Free Beacon; Eddie Glaude Jr.; Andrea Mitchell; Peggy Noonan. (N) 8 a.m. KNBC; 3 p.m. MSNBC This Week With George Stephanopoulos Revelations about the Russia investigation: Sen. James Lankford (R-Okla.). Midterm elections: Rep. Ben Ray Luján (D-N.M.); Rep. Steve Stivers (R-Ohio). Legal analysis: Dan Abrams; former Gov. Chris Christie (R-N.J.). Panel: Rick Klein; Dan Balz, the Washington Post; Mara Gay, the New York Times; Mary Jordan, the Washington Post.(N) 8 a.m. KABC Fox News Sunday With Chris Wallace Sec. of the Treasury Steven Mnuchin. Rudy Giuliani. Panel: Jonah Goldberg; Gillian Turner; Jonathan Swan, Axios; Mo Elleithee. (N) 8 a.m. KTTV; 11 a.m. 4 and 11 p.m. FNC Reliable Sources CBS investigates CEO Les Moonves amid sexual misconduct claims: Ronan Farrow, the New Yorker. Coverage of Michael Cohen turning on President Trump: Carl Bernstein. The FCC's action against the Sinclair-Tribune deal: Jessica Rosenworcel, FCC. Solidarity among White House press corps; Trump rages against CNN being aired on Air Force One: Olivier Knox, White House Correspondents Assn.: Katie Rogers, the New York Times. New York Daily News staff cuts: S.E. Cupp, columnist, New York Daily News. (N) 8 a.m. CNN MediaBuzz Coverage of President Trump and former personal lawyer Michael Cohen; Trump administration banning pool reporter Kaitlan Collins for asking "inappropriate" questions: Sara Fischer, Axios; Guy Benson; Adrienne Elrod; Morgan Ortagus; Bill Press; Brent Lang, Variety; Charles Gasparino. (N) 8 a.m. and Midnight FNC 60 Minutes An undercover agent with the FBI shares how he infiltrated Al Qaeda. (N) 7 p.m. KCBS International Champions Cup Soccer SL Benfica versus Juventus FC. From Harrison, N.J. 10 a.m. ESPN2; Manchester United FC versus Liverpool FC. From Ann Arbor, Mich. 2 p.m. ESPN; FC Bayern Munich versus Manchester City FC. From Hard Rock Stadium in Miami Gardens, Fla. 4 p.m. ESPN; FC Barcelona versus Tottenham Hotspur FC. From the Rose Bowl in Pasadena. 8 p.m. ESPN Baseball The Dodgers visit the Braves 4 p.m. SNLA; The Angels host the Mariners 6 p.m. FSN For more sports on TV, see the Sports section. Customized TV listings are available here: www.latimes.com/tvtimes Click here to download TV listings for the week of July 29 - Aug. 4, 2018, in PDF format This week's TV Movies [email protected] Ed Stockly Ed Stockly handles the TV Listings and highlights for the L.A. Times and is the resident TV Skeptic, occasionally writing about TV shows that feature the paranormal, bad science, mermaids, Big Foot, aliens and quackery. What's on TV Tuesday: 'Grand Crew' and 'This Is Us' on NBC; 'Raid the Fridge,' Food Network Latest Television Guests on Sunday talk shows: Rep. James Clyburn on CNN's 'State of the Union' Movies on TV this week: 'Mr. Smith Goes to Washington' on TCM; 'Pulp Fiction' on Showtime In interview filmed before he died, Bob Saget got emotional about a cause dear to him Review: Netflix's 'Archive 81' is a slow-building horror of a mystery What's on TV Friday: 'Magnum P.I." on CBS; 'The Envelope Oscar Roundtables' on Spectrum News 1

Photo Credit: S & A Review: 'Need for Speed' (Managing Expectations Could Result In A Good Time At The Movies) There's an early scene in Scott Waugh's "Need for Speed" where Tobey Marshall (Aaron Paul) and his crew of mechanic pals pull into the local drive-in (which seems to be the most popular spot in town and is lit like a disco pinball machine) like small town gods of the street-racing circuit. It makes you think the movie might exist in some sort of retro-fitted alternate reality, and while that isn't entirely the case, these throwback elements do tend to sneak in every once in a while. For one, the racing sequences are not CGI-heavy at all and are actually quite thrilling. Waugh is a former stuntman and it's clear he wanted these scenes to have a more realistic vibrancy to them (realistic as in we can tell people are really driving these cars and not realistic in terms of the scenarios the cars find themselves in). It really pays off, and there's a spare, economical style in the way much of the racing is filmed (particularly the first race, which feels decidedly low-stakes and may be better for it). Unfortunately, this appeal does not extend over into many other aspects of the film, some of which is mind-numbingly idiotic. The basic plot concerns Tobey driving across the country to get revenge on Dino Brewster (Dominic Cooper), who is responsible for killing a kid he used to mentor, as well as framing Tobey for it. His drive (which ends up being a chase) across the country is obviously set to conclude at a high-stakes race against Dino, but the things that happen on the way to the race are damn near baffling. Kid Cudi (going by his real name, Scott Mescudi) plays one of the guys on Tobey's crew who has the ability to steal helicopters from anywhere at any point in time so he can track the protagonist's progress and give him a better idea of what traffic is like on the road in order to ensure speedy travel. I'm assuming this is all part of the video game because his constant stealing of helicopters in the movie is positively confounding. Mescudi also provides comic relief, which he seems to think is supposed to consist of a lot of quick movement and showing a lot of teeth. The strangest part of the movie though, is when the crew has to round up their last member, played by Rami Malek. He's working some ho-hum desk job and has given up the racing lifestyle, but the second he sees Tobey burn rubber outside his office, not only is he ready to jump right back into it, he decides to strip naked. What follows is a lengthy sequence of him taking off his clothes as he leaves the building, passing his co-workers on the way out. What makes it even more bizarre is the fact that Malek is playing this character in a way that is not unlike his role of Lancaster Dodd's son-in-law in Paul Thomas Anderson's "The Master" (all wide-eyed detachment and delivery that suggests he has to dedicate time to thinking of each individual word before he actually says it). I don't know if that's just how he is in real life, but it's in weird conflict with the material here, especially when he's playing a character whose main function is humor. Tone is a problem with "Need for Speed" in general. It's a bit like "The Fast and the Furious"-light; none of the main characters seem to use guns, Aaron Paul isn't particularly tough and Dominic Cooper isn't particularly menacing. Then it throws in the retro stuff and the weird digressions into lowbrow humor. It makes for an odd mix. One thing I liked was the inclusion of the mysterious Michael Keaton character who practically narrates the feud between the leads from a secret radio channel, if only because it reminded me a bit of the disc-jockey character, Super Soul, in 1971's "Vanishing Point." I also have a bit of a weakness for Imogen Poots, who plays an expert on high-end cars and ends up joining our hero on his cross-country vendetta. She seems to always be having a good time onscreen, no matter what the role is, and she manages any odd tonal shifts here better than the rest of the cast. Aaron Paul, who is fairly stone-cold serious the whole movie, is stuck playing a type more than a real person, which is disappointing considering the level of talent he's displayed in something like "Breaking Bad." I can't stress enough how silly the script is, but considering the source material is a plot-less video-game, most people will be going in with their eyes open. Like I mentioned earlier, "Need for Speed" really does deliver on the racing sequences and it's admirable that Waugh went for the more muscular approach in executing them. Even the things that don't work in the movie are watchable simply because they're never exactly boring either. Managing expectations here could lead to a fun time at the movies. Grade: C+

< previous 1st Book of Kings (1 Samuel) next > Saul is anointed. He prophesieth, and is changed into another man. Samuel calleth the people together, to make a king: the lot falleth on Saul. [1] And Samuel took a little vial of oil and poured it upon his head, and kissed him, and said: Behold, the Lord hath anointed thee to be prince over his inheritance, and thou shalt deliver his people out of the hands of their enemies, that are round about them. And this shall be a sign unto thee, that God hath anointed thee to be prince. [2] When thou shalt depart from me this day, thou shalt find two men by the sepulchre of Rachel in the borders of Benjamin to the south, and they shall say to thee: The asses are found which thou wentest to seek: and thy father thinking no more of the asses is concerned for you, and saith: What shall I do for my son? [3] And when thou shalt depart from thence, and go farther on, and shalt come to the oak of Thabor, there shall meet thee three men going up to God to Bethel, one carrying three kids, and another three loaves of bread, and another carrying a bottle of wine. [4] And they will salute thee, and will give thee two loaves, and thou shalt take them at their hand. [5] After that thou shalt come to the hill of God, where the garrison of the Philistines is: and when thou shalt be come there into the city, thou shalt meet a company of prophets coming down from the high place, with a psaltery and a timbrel, and a pipe, and a harp before them, and they shall be prophesying. [3] "Bethel": Where there was at that time an altar of God; it being one of the places where Samuel judged Israel. [5] "The hill of God": Gabaa, in which there was also at that time, a high place or altar. [5] "Prophets": These were men whose office it was to sing hymns and praises to God; for such in holy writ are called prophets, and their singing praises to God is called prophesying. See 1 Par. alias 1 Chr. 15. 22, and 25. 1. Now there were in those days colleges, or schools for training up these prophets; and it seems there was one of these schools at this hill of God; and another at Najoth in Ramatha. See 1 Kings 19. 20, 21, etc. [6] And the spirit of the Lord shall come upon thee, and thou shalt prophesy with them, and shalt be changed into another man. [7] When therefore these signs shall happen to thee, do whatsoever thy hand shall find, for the Lord is with thee. [8] And thou shalt go down before me to Galgal, (for I will come down to thee,) that thou mayest offer an oblation, and sacrifice victims of peace: seven days shalt thou wait, till I come to thee, and I will shew thee what thou art to do. [9] So when he had turned his back to go from Samuel, God gave unto him another heart, and all these things came to pass that day. [10] And they came to the foresaid hill, and behold a company of prophets met him: and the spirit of the Lord came upon him, and he prophesied in the midst of them. [8] "Galgal": Here also by dispensation was an altar of God. [11] And all that had known him yesterday and the day before, seeing that he was with the prophets, and prophesied, said to each other: What is this that hath happened to the son of Cis? Is Saul also among the prophets? [12] And one answered another, saying: And who is their father? therefore it became a proverb: Is Saul also among the prophets? [13] And when he had made an end of prophesying, he came to the high place. [14] And Saul's uncle said to him, and to his servant: Whither went you? They answered: To seek the asses: and not finding them we went to Samuel. [15] And his uncle said to him: Tell me what Samuel said to thee. [12] "Their father": That is, their teacher, or superior. As much as to say, Who could bring about such a wonderful change as to make Saul a prophet? [16] And Saul said to his uncle: He told us that the asses were found. But of the matter of the kingdom of which Samuel had spoken to him, he told him not. [17] And Samuel called together the people to the Lord in Maspha: [18] And he said to the children of Israel: Thus saith the Lord the God of Israel: I brought up Israel out of Egypt, and delivered you from the hand of the Egyptians, and from the hand of all the kings who afflicted you. [19] But you this day have rejected your God, who only hath saved you out of all your evils and your tribulations: and you have said: Nay: but set a king over us. Now therefore stand before the Lord by your tribes, and by your families. [20] And Samuel brought to him all the tribes of Israel, and the lot fell on the tribe of Benjamin. [21] And he brought the tribe of Benjamin and the kindreds thereof, and the lot fell Upon the kindred of Metri, and it came to Saul the son of Cis. They sought him therefore and he was not found. [22] And after this they consulted the Lord whether he would come thither. And the Lord answered: Behold he is hidden at home. [23] And they ran and fetched him thence: and he stood in the midst of the people, and he was higher than any of the people from the shoulders and upward. [24] And Samuel said to all the people: Surely you see him whom the Lord hath chosen, that there is none like him among all the people. And all the people cried and said: God save the king. [25] And Samuel told the people the law of the kingdom, and wrote it in a book, and laid it up before the Lord: and Samuel sent away all the people, every one to his own house. [26] Saul also departed to his own house in Gabaa: and there went with him a part of the army, whose hearts God had touched. [27] But the children of Belial said: Shall this fellow be able to save us? And they despised him, and brought him no presents, but he dissembled as though he heard not.

Q: Can I send/receive data from two Bluetooth devices at the same time? On my Windows laptop, I have two paired devices - my mouse and my speakers. When my mouse is idle, the music will play on speakers with no problems, but as soon as I start moving my mouse, the music on the speakers stops and starts lagging. Is it possible for Windows (or wherever the problem rests) to simultaneously send/receive Bluetooth data from two different devices? I haven't been able to find anything on Google regarding this problem, except that it is possible for multiple devices to work together. Mouse is Razer Orochi, speakers are LG NB3520A, and Bluetooth device is Intel(R) Centrino(R) Wireless Bluetooth(R) 4.0 + High Speed Adapter. Laptop is HP Envy 3270nr.

Longbox Junk Reader Request/ Retro Review - Man-Bat (1975) 4526 views • Nov 12, '19 • (2) Comments Welcome back to Longbox Junk, the blog absolutely stuffed full of comic book reviews that nobody asked for! Well. . .at least they USUALLY don't ask for them. That's right, it's another Longbox Junk Reader Request Edition! A while back, my comic lovin' daughter challenged me to take on some reader requests. The call went out, a decent list was formed, and now I occasionally draw one randomly from a hat (An actual hat. A set of Micky Mouse Ears monogrammed with my daughter's name from Disney World, to be specific) and then here we are! Congratulations goes out to Spector for his fine request for some Man-Bat! I WAS originally going to do the 1996 3 issue Man-Bat mini for this entry because I like how it feels like a non-branded Vertigo horror comic. Spector's request was actually for the 1975 two issue Man-Bat "series", but between me and my daughter, we only have the first issue of that one, and I usually only like reviewing complete stories. BUT. . . You know what? There's no real rules here at Longbox Junk, so I decided to just go ahead and steal my daughter's Man-Bat #1 for a nice single issue combination Retro Review and Reader Request Edition, because why not? Spector wanted Bronze Age Man-Bat, so we're gonna swing this into a Retro Review and get into some Bronze Age Man-Bat! A bit of introduction first. Man-Bat is one of those characters that's hard to pin down. He's a great supporting character (mostly in Batman-related comics) that's sometimes a hero, sometimes a villain, but is never really able to hold down an ongoing series. He's had several rebooted origins (Let's not even talk about what they did to the poor guy in the New 52), but at the heart of things, Man-Bat is actually a horror character. Digging down to the essence of the character, he's sort of a combination of the Hulk and Werewolf by Night. Basically, he's a brilliant scientist named Kirk Langstrom who fell victim to an experiment gone wrong. He transforms into a vicious flying humanoid bat-like creature where he has varying degrees of control over both the transformation and his state of mind once transformed. Sometimes he has control over himself and is able to work alongside others as sort of a heroic figure (as seen in the recent Justice League Dark comics). Other times (as in the 1996 mini I mentioned above) he's almost completely inhumanly feral and capable of the most brutal and acts. So. . .science gone wrong forcing a man to share his body with a vicious creature he may or may not be able to control. I should have done some Man-Bat for Longbox Junk Halloween! In the comic at hand, Kirk Langstrom is able to control his transformation, retains his intelligence in Man-Bat form and is able to communicate with others. . .in other words, the more heroic version of Man-Bat. Let's take a look! MAN-BAT #1 DC (1975) SCRIPT: Gerry Conway PENCILS: Steve Ditko (His one and only time drawing Batman, by the way) INKS: Al Milgrom COVER: Jim Aparo As usual, before we get inside, let's take a quick look at the cover. I have to say. . .it's a real eye-catcher! This great Jim Aparo cover is all about the contrast. I love the contrast between the plain dark purple background and the giant bright yellow logo, boldly telling us that this ain't Bat-MAN, this is MAN-Bat! Then there's Batman's cape framing the action in the center, which features a very nicely detailed Man-Bat and his "victim". I love the banner at the top as well, which firmly cements this comic in the Bronze Age. This cover is just so well done that I'm not sure that my daughter is getting this comic back when I'm finished with it! It deserves a turn up on my rotating "Wall O' Covers" on my office wall at work. So that's the cover. . .here's the story. BEWARE THE EYES OF BARON TYME We begin in the home of scientists Kirk and Francine Langstrom, where Kirk is shocked by the sudden and unexpected transformation of Francine into She-Bat! (The origin of She-Bat can be found in Detective Comics #407, if you're interested) The transformed Francine Langstrom attacks Kirk and then flies into the night, helplessly following the mental commands of a mysterious figure (that Francine calls Baron Tyme during her attack on her husband) telling her to track down and kill a man. Kirk immediately takes his "Bat Gland Formula" and transforms into Man-Bat in order to give chase to his wife. As he follows her, Man-Bat encounters several illusions produced by Baron Tyme to stall his pursuit. . . Man-Bat finally catches up to Francine/ She-Bat just in time to stop her from killing her victim. After Man-Bat subdues his transformed wife, he interrogates the man she was hunting and discovers that "Baron" Tyme is actually a Professor of Medieval History named Clement Tyme. But before Man-Bat can learn more, his wife regains consciousness and attacks, killing the man! Man-Bat quickly subdues Francine again and flies away from the scene of the crime with her. And with that, the scene shifts to Wayne Manor, where Batman is preparing to leave for the night, determined to investigate the mysterious killings that have been taking place while he was out of town a few days tracking down the Joker. . . Seeing a familiar pattern in the killings, Batman's first stop is the Gotham City Museum to inquire about their resident Bat expert. . .Kirk Langstrom. The museum's director tells Batman that Langstrom no longer works for them since coming into some money (from Batman himself in Brave & Bold #121) and that he's set himself up in a private lab near Antioke University. In the meantime, Man-Bat has taken Francine home and restrained her in order to try an antidote, hoping to transform her back into human form. The antidote is successful, but suddenly, Man-Bat is assaulted with powerful sonar pulses from an unknown attacker! As Langstrom attempts to escape the sonic attack, it's revealed that the attacker is Batman, who has arrived to capture Man-Bat, thinking he is behind the recent murders. As the two of them fight, Batman falls from the skies, only to be rescued by Man-Bat. With their battle finished, Man-Bat explains the situation to Batman, revealing that since he hypnotized Francine to find the cause of mysterious gaps in her memory, he has been aware of her being controlled by Baron Tyme. . .but because of Batman's constant interference in their lives, Langstrom was determined to find Baron Tyme and end the killings without the Dark Knight's assistance. . .something he is still determined to do. Batman reluctantly agrees to let Man-Bat take on the challenge of stopping Baron Tyme on his own. Man-Bat flies to Antioke University and enters a high tower that Francine described while under hypnosis. Inside, he discovers Baron Tyme waiting for him. The villain quickly captures Man-Bat with powerful energy tentacles, then begins to gloat and monologue about his nefarious plan and how it came to be. . . In his role as a Professor of Medieval History, Tyme discovered ancient books of black magic that he experimented with, managing to combine magic and science together and successfully summon a demon! Tyme made a bargain with the demon. . .in exchange for magical powers, Tyme would supply the demon with human lives. The demon also gave Tyme information about the Langstroms that enabled the would-be sorcerer to use Francine as his tool for killing. After he's done revealing the details of his evil plot, Tyme begins a ritual to summon the demon, intending to give Man-Bat as a final sacrifice. As the ritual proceeds, Man-Bat realizes the bonds holding him are nothing but powerful illusions controlled by Baron Tyme. Man-Bat uses his sonic screech to painfully disorient Tyme, weakening his mental control over the illusions and stopping him from completing the ritual. Man-Bat escapes his bonds, determined to bring Tyme to justice. But before he can attack, the sorcerer bursts into flame! Man-Bat escapes the tower just in time to avoid a powerful explosion. There is no longer any sign of Baron Tyme. As Man-Bat flies into the night, he wonders if it was explosive chemicals or demonic forces that caused the explosion. A question that is left unanswered. . . Well now. . .that was. . .Bronze Age. Not that there's anything wrong with that. It's just that, like a lot of Bronze Age stories, this one felt extremely rushed and compressed to fit into a single issue. For someone who didn't really come into comic collecting until the early 90's it just seems sort of strange to see a story like this crammed into a single comic book. If this story were to be done today, it would either be a double-sized (and double-priced!) one shot or a 3 issue mini-series. But does that make it a bad story? No it doesn't. This isn't a great story, but it's not bad. Truthfully it's just okay. It sits right in the middle of the road, squarely on the line between good and bad. It moves along quickly and is well written (Gerry Conway is the kind of writer that can polish a potato and make it look good, so there's that) but it also just sort of drops the reader into the world of Man-Bat without any introduction, with the action hitting straight out of the gate with the first story panel. It just sort of assumes that readers will already know Man-Bat from other comics, and indeed, there are several editorial references to Detective, Batman, and Brave & Bold through the story, which sort of hangs the whole thing on the hook of previous Man-Bat appearances and leaves little for new readers to get into the character with. To be fair, there's a full-page summary of Man-Bat's previous appearances at the end of the issue: I like that DC included this, but it doesn't really help the story feel less like the first issue of what was supposed to be an ongoing series and more like a story that could have been found in #35 or any other random issue of a Man-Bat series. It just doesn't seem. . .special. I'm not sure if it's because of my more modern reading tastes, but this story just doesn't seem like what one would expect in a first issue meant to hook in new readers on the idea of a Batman villain becoming the hero. As I said above, it's not BAD. . .but at the same time, it's not really memorable or remarkable in any way. But the draw here for many who pick this issue up will be the art. As I noted above, this issue features Steve Ditko (Best known more for his Marvel work as the artist and co-creator of Spider-Man & Doctor Strange. . .among others) drawing Batman for his first and only time. That and well. . .it's the legendary Steve Ditko. For some people, that's all that needs to be said. So here's the thing. There are some mighty high pedestals that some creators from the Silver Age are set on. In the minds of many comic fans, Steve Ditko sits up on one of the highest there is. I mean, Spider-Man IS a pretty high bar for other creators to try and hurdle. I won't question that. THAT SAID. . . I've never been one for unabashed worship of comic creators. There's not a single one out there, no matter HOW legendary, that hasn't phoned it in at some point. Fortunately, Ditko didn't phone this one in. But to be fair, this also isn't his best work. It seems that the unremarkable nature of the story might have carried over to the artwork as well. There ARE some really good panels scattered throughout this story. . .the aerial battle between Man-Bat and Batman is outstanding, for example. And Ditko's portrayal of Batman is likewise outstanding. I really like the way he keeps Batman's face mostly hidden in the dark, and Batman himself as a dark figure, mostly defined by shadows, often just a silhouette of the distinctive cape and cowl. . .as Batman SHOULD be! Based on this issue alone, I would have REALLY liked to see Ditko as a regular Batman artist during his short time at DC! I'd wager it would be considered a defining run among collectors today. But beyond a few standout moments, the art here is generally good, but certainly not the best effort coming from someone as highly-regarded as Steve Ditko. It's not phoned in or bad in any way, but based on other work I've seen from Ditko, it could have been a lot better. Overall, this issue is a pretty average effort. The story feels rushed and crammed into too small of a space, but I have to blame the Bronze Age in general for that, and not Gerry Conway. His writing is good here, but not remarkable or memorable in any way. It certainly doesn't feel like the first issue of a series because the story hangs firmly on the hook of previous Man-Bat appearances in other comics. As far as the art goes, the big draw here is Steve Ditko drawing Batman for the first and only time. For a lot of people, that's enough. For me, it's plainly not his best work. Ditko's take on Batman IS the best part of this comic, but the rest of the art (while good) could have been a lot better. Good taken with bad, If you're a Batman or Steve Ditko fan I'd recommend picking this one up if you can find it at a decent price. I'm not sure it's worth taking much effort to specifically hunt it down unless you're a Batman, Man-Bat or Ditko completionist. This isn't a bad comic, but it's not a great one either. It's just okay. Up Next. . . I just picked up a TON of Longbox Junk from a closing comic shop. . .as in two full Longboxes of it! SO MUCH GREAT JUNK! There's a bunch of NOW, Continuity, Acclaim, Malibu, and early "We wanna be like Marvel!" Image comics in there. If I have a full run of anything, I'll probably drop that next. Be there or be square! Longbox Junk Halloween - DCeased #1 4562 views • Oct 29, '19 • (0) Comments Welcome back to Longbox Junk. . .the blog packed FULL of comic reviews nobody asked me for! Even though the witching hour draws close, we're still having a bit of Halloween fun here at Longbox Junk by taking a look at some of the spooky stuff hiding in the dark corners of my (and my daughter's) comic collection. It's been a pretty nice Halloween season here at Longbox Junk if I DO say so myself. So far we've seen Vampires (Vegetarian and otherwise), Killer Easter Bunnies, A sci-fi take on Jekyll & Hyde, Werewolves, Frankenstein's Monster, Spirits of Vengeance, Prairie Witches, and some generally nasty people doing nasty things (like burying each other alive). So what's missing here? Zombies. We need some zombies! And so here's some zombies. What we have here is a fresh chunk of Longbox Junk that's on the stands even as I write this. I only have the first issue because I basically bought it for the extremely Halloween-y zombie Batman variant cover and somehow have kept missing the following issues. I'm sure I'll spot the whole set eventually in a bargain bin, but for now I just have this first issue, so let's take a look at it! So I bought this thing for the cover. Let's take a look at the cover, shall we? *shudders* Now THAT's some creep-tastic cover art right there! Fransesco Mattina outdoes himself with a nightmarish vision of one of DC's greatest heroes gone straight to zombie ! Just look at the detail in things like Batman's nasty teeth and jaundiced eyes. This is NOT the Batman you want to meet in a dark alley. Very well done! That's the cover. Let's get into the story. SCRIPT: Tom Taylor PENCILS: Trevor Hairsine & Stefano Gaudiano (pgs. 1-6, 15-26) James Harren (pgs. 7-14) COVER: Francesco Mattina (Variant) The story goes like this. . . We begin with the Justice League defeating Darkseid and forcing him to leave after he invades Earth. But as he goes, Darkseid gives the League an ominous farewell that doesn't quite sit right with the heroes. . . Indeed, all is not as it seems. Darkseid's invasion was merely a distraction. His true purpose was to capture the hero known as Cyborg. . .now held prisoner on Apokolips. Darkseid's search for the Anti-Life Equation has led him to believe that the second half of the Equation rests in Cyborg's technology. . . Darkseid's scientist, Desaad, informs his master that although the combining of the two halves of the Anti-Life Equation is possible, the Equation will be lost entirely if Cyborg dies in the process. To ensure that Cyborg doesn't die, Darkseid summons Death and uses him to slightly alter the Anti-Life Equation to make sure Cyborg survives the process. . . The change that Darkseid makes to the Anti-Life Equation has disastrous effects as the corrupted Equation combining the physical and technological drives Darkseid insane. Desaad quickly transports Cyborg back to Earth to try and stop the spread of the Techo-Organic Virus, but he's too late. An insane Darkseid destroys Apokolips. . . Cyborg reappears on Earth in Metropolis, and his internal systems immediately connect him to the internet and all surrounding online devices. Cyborg is horrified to see the Techno-Organic Virus he's infected with begin to quickly spread among the people nearby. He is unable to do anything to stop the Virus as people begin to go insane and tear each other apart. . . In the meantime, Superman is putting together a plan with Big Barda and Mister Miracle to rescue Cyborg from Apokolips, not knowing that Cyborg has already been sent back by Desaad. He hears the screams of people from the street and sees the spreading insanity. Realizing that the situation is already out of hand and getting worse, Superman rushes to his wife and son. . . While Superman is busy saving his family from the spreading madness, the scene shifts to the Batcave, where Batman is monitoring the situation on isolated systems safe from the Techno-Organic Virus. . .and the news isn't good. The computer estimates that there are ALREADY 600 million infected people, and at the current rate of spread BILLIONS will be infected in a matter of days. This is definitely a problem Batman can't punch a solution to! Batman quickly sets off an EMP pulse in Wayne Manor above, but he's too late. As the Dark Knight heads upstairs to check on things, he is attacked by an infected Nightwing and Robin (Tim Drake)! After a brutal battle with his infected partners, Batman orders Alfred to escape and we are left with a cliffhanger scene of Batman being bitten by Nightwing. . . Okay then. There it is. It's not a "Dead Rising Up And Slowly Wantin' To Eat Your Braaaaaains" sort of zombie apocalypse. More of a "Virus Driving People Insane Enough To Kill You, So RUN!" sort of thing. Despite the unique connection to the DC Universe by having the virus originate as a corrupted form of the Anti-Life Equation, it's still. . .well. . .it's just another zombie apocalypse. Don't get me wrong. It's not bad. It's actually pretty good and makes me want to pick up the next issue. The idea of a zombie apocalypse in the DC Universe IS an interesting one. It's just that, do we REALLY need more zombies? Okay, sure. There's superheroes in this zombie story. But really, hasn't that also been done before? There's going to be inevitable comparisons between this and Marvel Zombies. . .but from what I've read of Marvel Zombies (which admittedly isn't very much, just a few issues here and there), they are two different things. Sort of like how there's a definite difference between a Corvette and a Pickup Truck even though at the heart of it, they're both basically automobiles. So despite what you may think, DCeased is NOT a copy of Marvel Zombies. The writer does a fine job. I want to see what happens next. There's nothing wrong with the writing. The art is good, but not great. I actually enjoyed the chunkier, darker look of the art during the Apokolips sections. . .it reminds me of the artist everyone else hated on the recent X-Force series that I liked (Dylan Burnett) enough that I pulled out an X-Force issue to see if it was the same guy. I guess I just like that chunky, dark sort of style. So nothing wrong with the writing or art. It's just. . .zombies, I guess. Maybe they could have told the story of a Techno-Organic Virus destroying the world without zombies? Maybe? I think they could have. What we have here is a well-written story with a DC Universe-specific angle on the extremely well-worn framework of a zombie apocalypse backed up with some good art. It's interesting enough for me to want to get the next issue, but not interesting enough to make me want to order it if my local shop doesn't have the next one sitting there. If you're a fan of zombie stories, then definitely pick this one up. If you're getting a bit tired of zombies then this isn't really something you'll miss out on if you don't read it. If you don't like zombie stories in the first place, then this won't change your mind one bit. I think there's still time for at least one more piece of Longbox Junk Halloween fun! Be there or be square. LONGBOX JUNK #1 SPECIAL COLLECTOR EDITION (Variant G - The Brave and The Bold) 4825 views • May 10, '19 • (2) Comments Welcome back to my completely unnecessary reboot and renumbering of the Longbox Junk blog! I'm celebrating my 175th comic review that nobody ever asked me for by doing something else nobody ever asked for. . .reviewing the handful of issue #175 comics in my (and my daughter's) collection! Oddly enough, I've discovered that it seems nobody really cares about hitting their 175th issue. The Walking Dead started a new (and pretty epic) storyline in #175, but I'm not sure if that was actually planned or if it just worked out that way. Superman #175 was celebrating being the 100th issue since the iconic "Death of Superman" finale. . .but I'm not convinced that's an actual celebration of hitting issue #175. So. . .nobody cares about the one-seven-five except me. LONGBOX JUNK #1 SPECIAL COLLECTOR EDITION (Variant B - Batman: Legends of The Dark Knight) 4091 views • Apr 3, '19 • (0) Comments I'm gonna get this out right off the top. . .As far as I'm concerned, Batman: Legends of The Dark Knight is the best Batman series that has ever been published. I know. . .I know. . .that's a mighty hefty claim. I'm sure there are many who will disagree with me. But in MY extremely humble opinion (and NO opinion is more humble than mine), LOTDK (as I will be referring to it from here on out, due to basic laziness) was the ultimate perfection of Batman comics. Retro Review Christmas Special - The Brave and The Bold #148 4370 views • Dec 20, '18 • (1) Comment We interrupt "Merry Marvel Mainstream Madness" for a special DC Christmas edition of Longbox Junk because my daughter and I are both extremely light on Marvel Christmas issues. . .as in, we don't have any. Welcome back to another special "Retro Review" edition of Longbox Junk, where I step away from my usual dollar box fare and take a look at some of the older or more "valuable" comics lurking in my 45 Longboxes. Sheesh. . .45 boxes? My local comic shops should send me a Christmas card thanking me for clearing out their unwanted inventory. Longbox Junk - Batman/Aliens II I wasn't really that impressed with the first Batman/Alien crossover. It had its moments, but overall it was average at best, with cardboard cutout disposable 80's action movie cliche characters and art that was half and half. . .good on monsters and backgrounds, bad on human characters. There seems to have been enough people who liked the first one to merit Dark Horse and DC getting back together a few years later for a sequel. Is it any better? Let's take a look and find out! Longbox Junk - Batman/Aliens As I've stated before on this blog, I LOVE the Aliens franchise. One of my favorite movies is the much-hated Alien 3. You know anyone who publicly confesses a love for Alien 3 without a single bit of shame is a true Alien fan. AND. . . When it comes to DC comics, Batman is pretty much my favorite character of them all. I have 36 longboxes in my comic collection. 5 of them are nothing but Batman comics. I have more Batman comics in my collection than a lot of people have in their TOTAL collection. Retro Reviews - Merry Christmas Special Edition! Batman #219 I actually do reviews of single issues in my collection that are worth a little more or are considered more "collectable" and wouldn't really be called "Longbox Junk" for another site and figured that since I'm a sharing kind of guy, I'd bring a few of them here. The main difference between these reviews and Longbox Junk reviews (beyond the value of the comics) is that sometimes you can find other reviews of some of the Longbox Junk. . .with these, I can just about 99.99% guarantee that there has NEVER been a review, simply because most of the non-junk reviews are from the 1950's to the 1970's and comic book reviews weren't even a thing then. Uncharted territory, son! ANYWAY. . . Longbox Junk - A Death In The Family 6332 views • Dec 6, '17 • (0) Comments "A Death In The Family" is a four issue "event" that, although it's pretty much considered a standalone story, ran in the regular ongoing Batman series in late 1988, early 1989 (Issues #426-429). If you skip around the internet a bit, you're going to run across the story on just about any "Top (insert number here) Batman Stories" list you find. But is it really any good when a hard look is taken at it? Or are people just knee-jerking it onto "Best Story" lists because of the impact on comic book history of the death of a major supporting character (SPOILER: Jason Todd Robin)? Does the story itself hold up under scrutiny, or is it coasting along on the noteriety gained by having comic fans actually call a 900 number (anyone remember those?) and decide if Robin died or not? Let's find out! Longbox Junk - One Shots: Aliens, The Assasin, Batman, Conan & Predator There's nothing wrong at all with a good ongoing series, but if anyone were to ask me what my favorite form of comic art is, I would immediately answer "The One Shot". Within the framework of a single issue, the creative team is challenged to give us everything we need to enjoy a story. They're pretty much forced to swing for the fences. Here are 5 random single issues from my collection read and reviewed for your consideration. Are they home runs or foul ? Let's find out!

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Share this Story: Windsor Muslim families invite community into their homes to clear misconceptions Windsor Muslim families invite community into their homes to clear misconceptions Over the next two weeks Waseem Kaleem and his family are opening their doors for people to visit and see what a Canadian Muslim family is like. Mar 02, 2015 • March 2, 2015 • 2 minute read Amtal Tahira, left, with her daughter Sarah Ahmad, husband Waseem Kaleem, centre, son Aleem Aleem and daughter Sanaa, right, arrive at Ahmadiyya Muslim Community Windsor Branch for an open house where the public was invited to meet and greet area Muslim families Sunday March 01, 2015. (NICK BRANCACCIO/The Windsor Star) Over the next two weeks Waseem Kaleem and his family will open their doors for people to visit and see what a Canadian Muslim family is like. "We're always happy to welcome people in our communities and our neighbourhoods," Kaleem said. "We just want to clear that notion of any fear-feeling in the minds of people — we're the same people." Windsor Muslim families invite community into their homes to clear misconceptions Back to video Kaleem's invitation is part of the two-week Meet a Muslim Family campaign, which kicked off Sunday. Canadian Muslim families from coast to coast are inviting people to their homes and mosques. "The purpose is to invite the families of non-Muslims, our neighbours, back to our homes and show them that we also have the same values, same culture," said Aleem Khan, president of Windsor's Ahmadiyya Muslim Community. "We only have a different religion … but as far as society goes we are regular Canadian families." On Sunday an open house was held at Windsor's Ahmadiyya Muslim Community Centre to kick off the event. Kaleem, 43, and several other families in the Windsor community are participating in the campaign. "The campaign was inspired by most recent events … (and) the drift that some Muslim communities have felt in Canada over the past few months, which frankly has never really been there before," said campaign spokesperson Safwan Choudhry. Choudhry said the campaign is meant to remove those misconceptions which associate Islam with violence. Several thousand Canadian Muslim families have signed up to host in the campaign, he said. This allows people to ask the hosts questions and see their traditions. "And most importantly, see all the similarities we have in terms of being Canadian," Choudhry said. "For instance, we get very excited about our NHL games. And we also start our day with our Tim Hortons coffee." Choudhry added the campaign is also meant to respond to some specific things happening to Muslims in Canada. Last Tuesday, for example, a Quebec judge denied a hearing to Rania El-Alloul because she was wearing a hijab in court. "Which is unprecedented in Canadian history," Choudhry said. "There's no law that actually … condones that," he said, referring to the judge's position. The Windsor Ahmadiyya community has also been holding monthly open houses, like one they held at the Windsor Public Library's central branch on Saturday, to help people find information about the religion and spread the message that Islam is about peace and not war. For those wishing to meet a family or learn more about the campaign, visit meetamuslimfamily.com [email protected] twitter.com/_jay_rankin [pn_facebook_like /] Public schools among those in greatest need of repairs in Ontario The Greater Essex County District School Board ranks fifth among the province's 72 school boards when it comes to having schools in need of significant repairs, says a report released this week by the Ministry of Education. 4 years, 4 months ago Local News Welcome Wagon returning to Leamington, Kingsville and Windsor Welcome Wagon wants back on the trails in Windsor, Leamington and Kingsville. 1 year, 11 months ago Local News United Way report maps area poverty, shows need for investment Poverty is increasingly concentrated in Windsor and Essex County. Child poverty rates in Windsor West among the worst in Canada, says report Dave Waddell and Heather Rivers

Subscribe to J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply Child Skill Production: Accounting for Parental and Market-Based Time and Goods Investments Staff Working Paper 2020-36 Elizabeth Caucutt, Lance Lochner, Joseph Mullins, Youngmin Park Can daycare replace parents' time spent with children? We explore this by using data on how parents spend time and money on children and how this spending is related to their child's development. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers Topic(s): Fiscal policy, Labour markets, Potential output, Productivity JEL Code(s): D, D1, D13, H, H3, H31, J, J2, J22, J24 On the Evolution of Multiple Jobholding in Canada Staff Working Paper 2019-49 Olena Kostyshyna, Etienne Lalé The number of workers who hold more than one job (a.k.a. multiple jobholders) has increased recently in Canada. While this seems to echo the view that non-standard work arrangements are becoming pervasive, the increase has in fact been trivial compared with the long-run rise of multiple jobholding that has occurred since the mid-1970s. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers Topic(s): Econometric and statistical methods, Labour markets JEL Code(s): E, E2, E24, J, J2, J21, J22, J6, J60 The Intergenerational Correlation of Employment: Is There a Role for Work Culture? Staff Working Paper 2019-33 Gabriela Galassi, David Koll, Lukas Mayr We document a substantial positive correlation of employment status between mothers and their children in the United States, linking data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79) and the NLSY79 Children and Young Adults. After controlling for ability, education and wealth, a one-year increase in a mother's employment is associated with six weeks more employment of her child on average. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers Topic(s): Econometric and statistical methods, Economic models, Labour markets JEL Code(s): E, E2, E24, J, J2, J21, J22, J6, J62 The Impacts of Minimum Wage Increases on the Canadian Economy Staff Analytical Note 2017-26 Dany Brouillette, Daniel Gao, Olivier Gervais, Calista Cheung This note reviews the channels through which scheduled minimum wage increases over the coming years may affect Canadian economic activity and inflation and assesses their macroeconomic impacts. From reduced-form estimates of direct minimum wage pass-through, we find that consumer price index (CPI) inflation could be boosted by about 0.1 percentage point (pp) on average in 2018. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff analytical notes Topic(s): Labour markets, Recent economic and financial developments JEL Code(s): E, E2, E24, J, J2, J21, J22, J23 A Canada-US Comparison of Labour Market Conditions Staff Analytical Note 2017-4 Dany Brouillette, Katerina Gribbin, Justin-Damien Guénette, James Ketcheson, Olena Kostyshyna, Jonathan Lachaine, Colin Scarffe In this note, we provide a brief comparison of the recent developments in the labour markets in Canada and the United States. Our analysis indicates that slack remains in the Canadian labour market, while the US labour market is close to full employment. Trends in U.S. Hours and the Labor Wedge Staff Working Paper 2010-28 Simona Cociuba, Alexander Ueberfeldt From 1980 until 2007, U.S. average hours worked increased by thirteen percent, due to a large increase in female hours. At the same time, the U.S. labor wedge, measured as the discrepancy between a representative household's marginal rate of substitution between consumption and leisure and the marginal product of labor, declined substantially. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers Topic(s): Economic models, Labour markets, Potential output JEL Code(s): E, E2, E24, H, H2, H20, H3, H31, J, J2, J22 Intertemporal Substitution in Macroeconomics: Evidence from a Two-Dimensional Labour Supply Model with Money Staff Working Paper 2005-30 Ali Dib, Louis Phaneuf The hypothesis of intertemporal substitution in labour supply has a history of empirical failure when confronted with aggregate time-series data. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers Topic(s): Business fluctuations and cycles, Econometric and statistical methods, Labour markets JEL Code(s): C, C5, C52, E, E2, E24, E3, E32, J, J2, J22 Learning-by-Doing or Habit Formation? Staff Working Paper 2005-15 Hafedh Bouakez, Takashi Kano In a recent paper, Chang, Gomes, and Schorfheide (2002) extend the standard real business cycle (RBC) model to allow for a learning-by-doing (LBD) mechanism whereby current labour supply affects future productivity. Content Type(s): Staff research, Staff working papers Topic(s): Business fluctuations and cycles, Econometric and statistical methods, Economic models, Labour markets JEL Code(s): C, C5, C52, E, E3, E32, J, J2, J22

Jetty – Tagged "Costa Rica surfing" Jetty Team Rider Randy Townsend & PIC Trevor Murphy truly get the job done while spending a good part of their Winter in Costa. Jetty Team Rider Keaton Fortney recently received an academic award at The Spring Lake Heights school. Jetty Team Rider Randy Townsend's resolutions this new year included getting barreled more! Check out Jetty Hall of Fam'r Matt Higgins edit of our Surf Team trip to Costa Rica!

/** * Calculation functions for futures products. */ package com.opengamma.strata.measure.security;

One of the problems that a lot of people like myself– we have very high levels of intelligence, but we're not necessarily such believers. You look at our air and our water, and it's right now at a record clean. But when you look at China and you look at parts of Asia and when you look at South America, and when you look at many other places in this world, including Russia, including — just many other places — the air is incredibly dirty. And when you're talking about an atmosphere, oceans are very small. And it blows over and it sails over. I mean, we take thousands of tons of garbage off our beaches all the time that comes over from Asia. It just flows right down the Pacific, it flows, and we say 'where does this come from?' And it takes many people to start off with. Read that a few times. Then take a short walk and come back because that. was. wild. A 1990 mandate requires that the climate report be released by the sitting administration, whether it is in line with their political agenda or not. The assessment is researched and consolidated by the U.S. Global Change Research Program which consists of 13 government agencies including the Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of Defense, the National Science Foundation and NASA. Yes, for some reason, Donald Trump is claiming that he is more intelligent than the scientists at NASA. In case you're skeptical yourself, here are all the articles disproving Trump's dismissals. One of the report's authors — Canadian professor and atmospheric scientist Katharine Hayhoe — even took to Twitter to defend the report in a format that might reach people less inclined to seek out deep-dives on the president's response. She's got facts, she's got receipts, she's got informative videos and, yes, she's got some Trump-directed zingers. In conclusion: climate change is real, it's man-made and, no, the air is not at a record clean.

Michael Herskovich Global Head of Stewardship Michael is the Global Head of Stewardship within the Sustainability Centre. He is working within BNPP AM since 2008. He is in charge of the elaboration and implementation of the stewardship policy, which includes voting and engagement. He also plays a critical role in the design, development and implementation of BNPP AM's Global Sustainability Strategy and is a key driver for the firm's ESG research and integration, as well as SRI analysis. He is also member of the Board of Governors of the International Corporate Governance Network (ICGN). His wider industry activity includes being a Chair of the "Corporate Governance" committee at the French Association of Asset Managers (AFG) and Chair of the International Corporate Governance Committee at the Council of Institutional Investors (Cii). He is also member of the "Oversight committee" of the Best Practice Principles (BPP) and member of the "Shareholder rights" committee and the "Global Network of Investor Associations 'GNIA' committee" at the ICGN. He holds others membership such as the Responsible Investment committee « at the French Association of Asset Managers (AFG), and the "Grand prix jury of the general meetings" in France. Michael previously worked as a jurist between 2006 and 2008 and was in charge of proxy voting for the Fonds de Reserve des Retraites (French back-up pension fund) in Paris. He graduated from the University of Paris XI (France) and has a master degree of Corporate and business law (2008). Linked topics BNP Paribas Asset Management appoints Head of Stewardship Asia-Pacific BNP Paribas Asset Management targets climate and compensation during 2022 AGM season BNPP AM'S MONTHLY NEWSLETTER - BNPP AM's voting policy includes a target of 40% female board membership by 2025 BNP Paribas Asset Management study shows positive impact of dialogue and voting on female board membership BNPP AM ranked second by ShareAction for proxy voting strategy on environmental and social issues BNP Paribas Asset Management focuses on climate and board diversity during 2021 AGM season BNPP AM'S MONTHLY NEWSLETTER - Companies with executive teams made up of more than 30% women are more likely to outperform

Tag Archives: fMRI How reliable is resting state fMRI? Arguably, no advance has revolutionized neuroscience as much as the invention of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Since its appearance in the early 1990's, its popularity has surged; a PubMed search returns nearly 30,000 publications with the term "fMRI" since its first mention in 1993, including 4,404 last year alone. Still today, fMRI stands as one of the best available methods to noninvasively image activity in the living brain with exceptional spatiotemporal resolution. But the quality of any research tool depends foremost on its ability to produce results in a predictable and reasonable way. Despite its widespread use, and general acceptance its efficacy and power, neuroscientists have had to interpret fMRI results with a large dose of partially-blind faith, given our incomplete grasp of its physiological origins and reliability. In a monumental step towards validation of fMRI, in their new PLOS One study Ann Choe and colleagues evaluated the reproducibility of resting-state fMRI in weekly scans of the same individual over the course of 3.5 years. One devoted brain Although previous studies have reported high reproducibility of fMRI outcomes within individuals, they've compared only few sessions over brief periods of weeks to months. Dr. Choe and her team instead set out to thoroughly characterize resting state brain activity at an unprecedented time scale. To track patterns of the fMRI signal, one dedicated 40 year-old male offered his brain for regular resting-state fMRI sessions. Over the course of 185 weeks, he participated in 158 scans, roughly occurring on the same day of the week and time of day. For comparison – just in case this particular individual's brain was not representative of the general population – a group of 20 other participants (22-61 years old) from a prior study were used as reference. Reproducibility of brain networks and BOLD fluctuations The researchers identified 14 unique resting state brain networks. Networks derived from the subject's individual scans were spatially quite similar to those identified from that subject's average network map and the multi-subject average map, and these network similarity measures were highly reproducible. Whereas executive function networks were the most reproducible, visual and sensorimotor networks were least. The relatively low reproducibility of "externally directed" networks could be attributable to the nature of the unrestrained scanning conditions, in which mind-wandering or undirected thoughts could engage an array of sensory experiences. Dr. Choe suspects "that under truly controlled conditions, exteroceptive networks would become more reproducible. Differences in reproducibility in exteroceptive versus interoceptive networks should be seen as an observation that requires follow up study." Figure 1. Spatial similarity of weekly fMRI sessions for sensorimotor, visual and executive networks. (Choe et al., 2015) The basic signal underlying fMRI is the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) response, a measure of changes in blood flow and oxygenation thought to reflect vascular and metabolic responses to neural activity. The magnitudes of BOLD fluctuations were similar both across the single subject's scans and the group's scans, although these fluctuations were generally more reliable within-subject. Similar to the spatial overlap between networks, BOLD signal in executive networks was most reproducible, while that in default mode and sensorimotor networks were least reproducible across the subject's sessions. Between-network connectivity In the brain, no network is an island, but rather, is in constant communication with other regions, near and far. This functional connectivity can be assessed with fMRI by computing correlations in the signal between areas. As might be expected, connectivity was highest between networks involved in related functions, for example between sensorimotor and auditory networks, and between sensorimotor and visual networks. Connectivity between networks was similar in the single subject and multi-subject datasets, and was highly reproducible both across the single subject's sessions and within the multi-subject dataset. Figure 2. Between network connectivity for single-subject and multi-subject datasets. (Choe et al., 2015) fMRI over the years A unique advantage of their study design was the rich temporal information provided from repeated scanning over a multi-year period. This allowed them to not only assess the reproducibility of the BOLD signal, but also to explore trends in how it may change with the passage of years or seasonal fluctuations. Significant temporal trends were found in spatial similarity for the majority (11 of 14) of networks, in BOLD fluctuations for two networks, and in between-network connectivity for many (29 of 105) network pairs. All but one of these trends were positive, indicating increased stability of the fMRI signal over time. What drives these changes over the years isn't entirely clear. It could simply reflect habituation to the scanning environment, for example, if the experience becomes increasingly repetitive and familiar with exposure. Alternatively, the authors suggest, it might involve physiological changes to the aging brain, such as synaptic or neuronal pruning. Over the 3.5-year study, the 40-year old participant indeed showed decline in his gray matter volume; this neural reorganization could feasibly impact the stability of the fMRI signal. However, Dr Choe cautions that "although three years is a long time, it is certainly not long enough to address the issue of say, an aging brain." Notably, many networks showed annual periodicity in their spatial similarity (9 of 14 networks) and BOLD fluctuations (3 networks). These measures also correlated with the local temperature, linking reliability of the fMRI signal with seasonal patterns. Although speculative, the authors suggest that this may in part relate to circadian or other homeostatic rhythms that regulate brain activity. Dr. Choe and her group "were surprised to discover annual periodicity in rs-fMRI outcome measures. If future studies, in a large number of participants, find significant annual periodicity in rsfMRI outcomes, then it would be prudent to take such temporal structure into consideration, especially when designing studies in chronic conditions, or for extended therapeutic interventions." Reason to rest easy? The findings from Dr. Choe and colleagues' ambitious study provides convincing evidence that the resting fMRI signal is reproducible over extensive time periods, giving reason for cognitive neuroscientists everywhere to breathe a small sigh of relief. Perhaps more importantly, it characterizes the nuanced patterns of its spatial and temporal stability, unraveling how it differs across brain networks and might be vulnerable to moderators such as aging or environment. This new understanding of fMRI dynamics will be incredibly useful to researchers aiming to optimize their fMRI study design, and holds particularly important implications for longitudinal studies in which aging or seasonal effects may be of concern. According to Dr. Choe, "The high reproducibility of rs-fMRI network measures supports the candidacy of such measures as potential biomarkers for long-term therapeutic studies." One future application her team is currently pursuing is "using rs-fMRI to study brain reorganization in persons with chronic spinal cord injury, having recently reported significantly increased visuo-motor connectivity following recovery. We are interested in whether such measures can be used as biomarkers for prognosis and to help monitor responses to long-term therapy." Bandettini PA (2012). Twenty years of functional MRI: The science and the stories. Neuroimage. 62(2):575–588. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.04.026 Chen S, Ross TJ, Zhan W et al (2008). Group independent component analysis reveals consistent resting-state networks across multiple sessions. Brain Research. 1239:141-151. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.08.028 Choe AS, Belegu V, Yoshida S, Joet al (2013). Extensive neurological recovery from a complete spinal cord injury: a case report and hypothesis on the role of cortical plasticity. Front Hum Neurosci 7, 290. Choe AS, Jones CK, Joel SE et al (2015). Reproducibility and Temporal Structure in Weekly Resting-State fMRI over a Period of 3.5 Years. PLOS One. 10(10):e0140134. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140134 Guo CC, Kurth F, Zhou J et al (2012). One-year test–retest reliability of intrinsic connectivity network fMRI in older adults. Neuroimage. 61(4):1471–1483. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.03.027 Hodkinson DJ, O'Daly O, Zunzzain PA et al (2013). Circadian and homeostatic modulation of functional connectivity and regional cerebral blood flow in humans under normal entrained conditions. J Cereb Blood Flow & Metab. 34:1493–1499. doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2014.109 Logothetis NK, Pauls J, Augath M, Trinath T, Oeltermann A (2001). Neurophysiological investigation of the basis of the fMRI signal. Nature. 412:150–157. doi: 10.1038/nature35084005 Logothetis NK (2008). What we can do and what we cannot do with fMRI. Nature. 453:869–878. doi: 10.1038/nature06976 Wisner KM, Atluri G, Lim KO, MacDonald AW (2013). Neurometrics of intrinsic connectivity networks at rest using fMRI: Retest reliability and cross-validation using a meta-level method. Neuroimage. 76(1):236–251. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.02.066 Tagged fMRI, neuroimaging, neuroscience, reproducibility Task Shifting may Shift our Understanding of the Default Network Over the past two decades, one of the most impactful discoveries to come from the surge in functional MRI (fMRI) research has been the existence of the brain's "default network". Countless studies have found that that this system, mainly comprising medial frontal, parietal and temporal, and lateral parietal regions, is most active during rest or passive tasks such as mind-wandering, imagining or self-reflection. A new study, recently published in eLife by Ben Crittenden, Daniel Mitchell and John Duncan, presents a striking finding that may flip our understanding of the role of the default network on its head. Task-switching: the common thread? Many of the experiments evoking default network activity compare relatively unconstrained states conducive to rest or mind-wandering against rigid task conditions with targeted cognitive demands. Thus, while these studies contrast active and passive conditions, they also incidentally contrast states of sustained attentional focus with unrestricted, dynamically changing mental landscapes. Crittenden and colleagues argue that these shifting cognitive contexts may be the common thread to default network activity and thus explain its promiscuous involvement across such heterogeneous conditions. First author Crittenden explains how their seemingly radical diversion from classic theories came about through a serendipitous pilot experiment: "I developed an initial version of the current experiment to test the idea of which regions may be involved in orchestrating large switches, and the default network came out as really strong at the individual subject level. If these results held out we could be onto something quite interesting. We tweaked the task a bit and fortunately it followed the pilot data really nicely!" To test their new hypothesis, the researchers conducted fMRI while participants performed three levels of task switching–make a major cognitive switch, a minor switch or no switch. For example, if they were previously asked whether two geometric figures were the same shape, a minor change would be determining if two figures were the same height, whereas a major change would be determining if a dolphin is living or non-living. The minor-switch condition is similar in cognitive load to other tasks that have not shown reliable default network activation. If context changes are driving the default network, then radical task switches should more effectively engage it. Task conditions. A switch from the red-box to the blue-box tasks would be a minor switch, whereas a switch from the red-box to the green-box task would be a major switch. Adapted from Crittenden et al., 2015 Major task switches recruit the default network Past studies have found that the default network does not function as a whole, but roughly dissociates into three subnetworks – "core," medial temporal lobe (MTL) and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) networks. Suspecting that these subnetworks are not equally involved in switching, they analyzed each subnetwork separately. Compared to repeating the same task, major task switches activated the core and MTL networks. Small task switches did not activate any of the subnetworks. Using multivoxel pattern analysis, they further showed that the pattern of activity (versus the overall activation level) in all three subnetworks distinguished between the highly dissimilar tasks, but only the DMPFC network discriminated similar tasks. Thus, although both the overall magnitude and pattern of activity signaled contextual shifts, Crittenden raises some caution over interpreting the source of the pattern discrimination. "I imagine that a considerable amount of the classification accuracy between dissimilar tasks will be driven by lower-level visual features. However, it is still interesting that the default network is reliably representing this task information, which given the usual definition of the default network as task-negative, one may not have predicted." Activity for regions of the core (yellow), MTL (green) and DMPFC (blue) subnetworks for major (light colors) and minor (dark colors) task switches. Major switches activate many regions of the core and MTL subnetworks. Adapted from Crittenden et al., 2015 A shifting theory If this finding is replicated, it could be the beginning of a major shift in our understanding of default network function. In contrast to the wealth of prior studies implicating the default network as "task-negative" – shutting down during demanding task conditions – here the default network was maximally engaged during dramatic contextual changes. These large task switches were objectively more challenging (participants responded more slowly) than the small-switch or no-switch conditions, in striking opposition to the notion that task difficulty suppresses the network. This implies that cognitive control or effort aren't the key factors modulating these regions, but rather changing contextual states. But does this model fit with the other mental states that reliability recruit the default network? Although it's not yet clear what aspects of task shifting drive the observed response, the authors convincingly argue that indeed, many common default network activations can be accounted for by changes in cognitive context. At rest, during mind-wandering, imagining or reflecting on one's past experiences, the mind is relatively free to jump between cognitive states. This contrasts with the constrained task conditions used in most fMRI studies that typically deactivate the default network. This relative cognitive liberty may give rise to radical mental shifts, for example, from thinking about the loud banging of the MRI scanner to planning your afternoon errands. Whether these spontaneous contextual changes are frequent enough to ramp up default network activity as observed remains to seen. Alternatively, the key factor may not be adoption of a new task, but the attentional release to do so. When switching from one task to another, the brain must let go of its attention to the first task before focusing on the next. In passive cognitive states, attention is relaxed, liberating the mind to focus on various tasks at will. Until their findings are replicated and expanded, Crittenden explains that these possibilities are yet speculation. "I think that switches could be a contributing factor to the signal, however, by its nature the signal that we are envisioning is likely to be quite transient. More sustained activation such as during reminiscing/prospection/navigation etc. is likely to be a strong driver of default network activity. As we all like to say – more experiments are needed!" Addis DR, Wong AT and Schacter DL (2007). Remembering the past and imagining the future: common and distinct neural substrates during event construction and elaboration. Neuropsychologia. 45(7):1363-77. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.10.016 Buckner RL (2012). The serendipitous discovery of the brain's default network. Neuroimage. 62(2):1137-45. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.10.035 Crittenden BM, Mitchell DJ and Duncan J (2015). Recruitment of the default mode network during a demanding act of executive control. eLife. 4:e06481. doi: 10.7554/eLife.06481.001 Mason MF et al. (2007). Wandering Minds: The Default Network and Stimulus-Independent Thought. Science. 315(5810):393-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1131295 Gusnard DA, Akbudak E, Shulman GL and Raichle ME (2001). Medial prefrontal cortex and self-referential mental activity: Relation to a default mode of brain function. PNAS. 98(7):4259-64. doi: 10.1073/pnas.071043098 Tagged default network, fMRI, neuroscience A New Mechanism for Neurovascular Coupling in FMRI Although fMRI is the most commonly used tool for detecting human brain activity, the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal does not directly reflect neuronal activity, but instead, measures changes in blood flow and oxygen metabolism. This "neurovascular coupling" – the translation of neural to vascular signals – lies at the core of fMRI's utility as a proxy for neural activity, yet there's still uncertainty over exactly how neural processes drive vascular signals. The neural-to-vascular link is largely obscured by the complex cascade of events involved in neural activity, including glucose metabolism, oxygen consumption, neurotransmitter release and recycling, and changing membrane potentials. Past research has pointed to astrocytes as key players in the neurovascular coupling game, as these cells envelop both neurons and blood vessels. A key signaling molecule, both within astrocytes and between astrocytes and other cells, is ATP, best known for its role as the "cellular energy currency." In their recent paper published in the Journal of Neuroscience, Jack Wells, Isabel Christie and colleagues explored the physiological mechanisms by which astrocytes might serve as the neurovascular interface of fMRI. Their study tested whether astrocytic purines – including ATP and its products ADP and AMP – are critical for the BOLD response. ATP is key to eliciting the BOLD response The authors speculated that, if astrocytic ATP mediates the vascular response to neural activity, blocking ATP should impair the BOLD signal. In normal rats, electrically stimulating one forepaw induces a BOLD response and ATP release in the somatosensory cortex of the opposite side of the brain. Therefore, to test if ATP is required for the BOLD response, they first disrupted ATP on only one side of the somatosensory cortex, and then stimulated both forepaws. They expressed TMPAP, which breaks down purines, into one side of the forepaw region of the rats' somatosensory cortices, and a control into the other side. Oddly enough, although these vectors weren't cell-specific, they were mainly expressed in astrocytes – but not neurons – a convenient pattern for testing the selective role of astrocytes in neurovascular coupling. As expected, the BOLD response to forepaw stimulation was typical in control somatosensory cortex. But the signal was reduced in cortex expressing TMPAP (see Figure, A left and B top). This suggested that purine signaling is indeed important for a normal BOLD response. But what if the altered signal resulted from some other effect of the TMPAP expression, besides the intended purine reductions? For instance, breaking down ATP and its products could lead to build-up of the inhibitory neurotransmitter adenosine, which could interfere with normal neural activity. The authors repeated the experiment, this time using an adenosine antagonist to block any effects of adenosine accumulation. The results were the same. The BOLD response was reduced with TMPAP and did not normalize by blocking adenosine (see Figure, A right and B bottom), confirming that the effect wasn't simply an artifact of adenosine build-up. Group activation maps (A) and response curves (B) show that the BOLD response to forepaw stimulation is reduced after blocking purine signaling (TMPAP), compared to control (EGFP). The effect remains even after accounting for adenosine build-up with the adenosine antagonist DPCPX. From Wells et al., 2015. Does ATP support neural and vascular signaling or just their coupling? If astrocytic purine signaling is truly involved in the translation of neural activity to a cerebrovascular response, interfering with purines should diminish the BOLD effect (as they showed), but neural activity and the background vascular state should remain unchanged. Indeed, multiunit recordings showed that TMPAP did not affect the neural response to forepaw stimulation, and arterial spin labeling indicated no change in resting blood flow or vascular reactivity. Astrocytic ATP: One piece of the puzzle Results from each of these experiments provided a critical piece of the neurovascular puzzle, illustrating the role of astrocytic purines in the series of events translating neural activity to the BOLD response. Together, they suggest that ATP signaling in astrocytes is critical for a normal vascular response to neural activity, but importantly, is not needed for either neural or vascular function alone. In other words, astrocytic ATP selectively underlies the coupling of neural and vascular activity. It's important to note that, although these findings show that ATP is important for neurovascular coupling, it's unlikely this is the only mechanism supporting the BOLD response. While this study doesn't directly trace the intricate events by which ATP mediates neurovascular coupling, the authors offer several plausible pathways. ATP is known to trigger calcium responses in astrocytes, which – through a series of downstream processes – could cause vascular effects like blood vessel dilation that are key to the BOLD response. However, ATP does not just support communication between astrocytes, but is also involved in neuron-to-astrocyte and astrocyte-to-blood vessel signaling. Any of these interactions could feasibly explain why ATP is required for the vascular response to neural activity. Of course, we can't rule out the influence of ATP in neurons, which also may modulate vascular function independent of astrocytes. Although TMPAP was primarily expressed in astrocytes, this wasn't exclusive; it's possible that ATP levels were also reduced in neurons and may have affected the BOLD response in distinct ways. Many questions remain regarding the physiological origins of the BOLD response to neural activity. However, these findings from Wells, Christie and colleagues help to solidify the role of astrocytes, and to introduce ATP as a key player, in the neurovascular coupling game. Wells JA, Christie IN et al. (2015). A Critical Role for Purinergic Signalling in the Mechanisms Underlying Generation of BOLD fMRI Responses. J Neurosci 35(13):5284-92. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3787-14.2015 Tagged fMRI This is your Brain on Wine: FMRI Signals of Alcohol Content In today's burgeoning wine industry, winemakers are in constant search of ways to perfect their product and achieve an edge over the competition. Complicating the challenge of producing a bottle that we're sure to select at our next fine dining experience is the variability across palates. The individuality and unpredictability of sensory experiences – which may further be manipulated by context or expectations – make predicting a wine's appeal a daunting task. In a dream world, winemakers could peer directly into the brain to examine the biological response to a smoky syrah or a spicy zinfandel. Such a tool could theoretically empower producers to target their wine characteristics to not just the psychological, but also the physiological response to a wine. In their study recently published in PLOS ONE, Frost and colleagues sought to accomplish just this, using functional MRI to assess brain responses to a wine's flavor attributes. Rather than assess relatively subjective features like fruitiness, tannins or fullness, the researchers focused on alcohol content, a more objective – and therefore easier to quantify – property. Twenty-one "inexperienced" wine drinkers (they imbibed less than once per week) participated in four wine-tasting sessions while undergoing functional MRI. During each session, they alternated among sipping a tasteless solution, a low-alcohol red wine (13-13.5%) and a high-alcohol red wine (14.5-15%). A different pair of low- and high-alcohol wines, matched on flavor, was tasted in each session. A post-scan taste-test confirmed that participants could not tell the difference between the low- and high-alcohol wines of each pair, as they rated their tastes as essentially identical. Frost and colleagues identified 30 brain regions of interest that were activated by drinking wine, regardless of alcohol content. This set of areas was then further tested for effects of alcohol. Of these regions, only the right insula and right cerebellum were differentially activated by alcohol level, demonstrating greater activity to the low- than high-alcohol wines. Surprisingly, no regions preferentially activated to more alcoholic wines. This is your brain on wine. The right insula (left) and right cerebellum (right) were more active when participants drank low- than high-alcohol wines. Adapted from Frost et al., 2015. The cerebellum is known to be involved in sensorimotor processing, which could reasonably account for its activation by subtle differences in alcohol perception. However, both the insula and cerebellum have been shown to be modulated by taste, activating to more intense flavors and feelings of satiety. Shouldn't high-alcohol wines – which are arguably more intense– therefore more heavily engage these regions? The authors dug deeper into the literature to interpret these unexpected findings. They propose that because these areas are involved in "cognitive modulation of sensory perception" and "coordinating the acquisition of sensory information," the lower alcohol wines might have "induced a greater attentional orienting and exploration of the sensory attributes." Yet there's one tiny hole in this explanation, at least when considering the current evidence alone. We could reasonably link activation of these regions to flavor intensity or taste perception if there were some associated behavioral indication that the wines elicit distinct sensory experiences. However, the participants in fact report no perceptible taste difference between the two classes of wines. This discrepancy between the subjective perceptual experiences and brain responses suggests that the observed insular and cerebellar effects may reflect some sensory aspect of wine-tasting that lies below conscious awareness. Although the researchers don't directly discuss this possibility, it's worth exploring. Since the difference in alcohol content between the wine types was notably small (just ~1.5%), it's not surprising that the participants couldn't detect a taste difference. It would be interesting to see whether the activations would be more robust to a wider gap in alcohol levels, or might track with a continuum of alcohol content. Furthermore, the study participants were "inexperienced" wine drinkers. Perhaps the taste differences would have been perceptible – or the brain responses stronger – in a sample of connoisseurs with more "refined palates." As the evidence stands, we can't conclude whether the BOLD responses indeed reflect effects of wine taste perception that were simply too subtle and hence immeasurable here, or instead relate to lower-level, unconscious sensory processes. So what do these findings mean for the winemaker looking to neuroscience for a marketing advantage? It's safe to assume that manipulating the alcohol content of a wine will indeed affect brain physiology (in fact, the known influence of alcohol on the BOLD signal raises concern over confounds between the wine conditions). However, it's unclear how this brain response relates to a wine drinker's sensory experience, let alone preference for one wine over another. As blogger Neuroskeptic points out in his recent commentary on the study, "it's not clear whether a brain scan is the best way to approach the question of whether high alcohol is overpowering. Surely the same thing could be demonstrated using a taste test." Despite these considerations, Frost and colleagues establish a solid stepping-stone to further explore the complex relationship between a wine's flavor profile and consumers' gustatory and neural responses. More importantly for wine-lovers everywhere, their study offers a key first step towards unraveling how and why that bold, oaky cabernet beats a merlot any day. Bower JM et al. (1981). Principles of Organization of a Cerebro-Cerebellar Circuit. Brain Behav Evol 18:1-18. doi:10.1159/000121772 Frost R et al. (2015). What Can the Brain Teach Us about Winemaking? An fMRI Study of Alcohol Level Preferences. PLOS ONE. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119220 Plassmann H et al. (2008). Marketing actions can modulate neural representations of experienced pleasantness. Proc Natl Acad Sci 105(3):1050-4. doi:10.1073/pnas.0706929105 Small DM et al. (2003). Dissociation of Neural Representation of Intensity and Affective Valuation in Human Gustation. Neuron 39(4):701-11. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(03)00467-7 Smeets PAM et al. (2006). Effect of satiety on brain activation during chocolate tasting in men and women. Am J Clin Nutr 83(6):1297-1305. Tagged alcohol, cerebellum, fMRI, insula, neuroscience, wine Mapping Memory Circuits with High-Field FMRI Originally posted on the PLOS Neuroscience Community How we create and recall memories has long fascinated scientists, spurring decades of research into the brain mechanisms supporting memory. These studies overwhelmingly point to the hippocampus as an essential structure for memory formation; yet despite these efforts, we still don't fully understand how hippocampal circuits transform stimulus input into stored memories, in part due to several fundamental methodological challenges. The most commonly used functional imaging method in humans, fMRI, neither measures neural activity directly nor attains ideal spatiotemporal resolutions. Although more powerful, invasive techniques can be used in animals, it's arguable whether they can be applied to assess higher cognitive functions like episodic memory, as the jury's out on whether this process is uniquely human or shared with animals. However, recent neuroimaging advances are rapidly narrowing the power gap between invasive and non-invasive techniques, helping to reconcile findings across animal and human studies. In particular, high-field, high-resolution fMRI in humans is becoming more feasible, permitting sub-millimeter spatial resolution. Although the BOLD signal from fMRI only approximates the neural signal, such methodological advances get us one step closer to imaging neural activity during cognitive functions like memory formation. A team of researchers recently took advantage of high-field fMRI to investigate sub-region and layer-specific memory activity in the medial temporal lobe, an area critical for long-term memory acquisition. The hippocampal-entorhinal circuit Within the medial temporal lobe, the entorhinal cortex (EC) and hippocampus (including subfields dentate gyrus, CA1, CA2 and CA3) make up a well-characterized circuit, in which superficial EC layers project to the dentate gyrus and CA1 via the perforant path, on to CA3 via mossy fibers, to CA1 via schaffer collaterals, and finally return back to the deep layers of the EC. We know this circuit is important for memory, as the hippocampus is essential for memory encoding and other processes that presumably support memory, including novelty detection or pattern separation and completion. However, the mapping of these functions onto human entorhinal-hippocampal pathways is incomplete. The entorhinal-hippocampal circuit Imaging memory with high-field fMRI To examine how novelty and memory signals are distributed along the EC-hippocampus circuit, Maass and colleagues conducted high-resolution (0.8 mm isotropic voxels) 7T fMRI while participants performed an incidental encoding task. The subjects viewed a series of novel and familiar scenes during scanning, and later completed a surprise memory recall test on the scenes they had previously seen. This allowed the researchers to assess brain activity related to novelty – by comparing novel and familiar trials – as well as activity related to successful memory encoding – by comparing trials that were subsequently remembered and forgotten. On each subject's structural brain image, they parcellated the EC into superficial input layers and deep output layers, and segmented the hippocampus into CA1 and a combined dentate gyrus/CA2/CA3 region (DG/CA2/3). Segmentation of entorhinal cortex layers (left) and hippocampal subfields (right). Maass et al., 2014. Double-dissociation of novelty and encoding signals Across participants, novel scenes activated DG/CA2/3, whereas successful encoding activated CA1, and the strength of this CA1 signal predicted retrieval accuracy. Next, Maass and colleagues looked at subject-level voxel-wise activity, which preserves high spatial resolution by eliminating the need for smoothing and across-subject averaging. Using multivariate Bayes decoding, which can be used to compare the log evidence that various regions predict a particular cognitive state, they evaluated whether EC or hippocampal regions predict novelty and memory encoding. As illustrated by the relative log evidences in the below graphs, DG/CA2/3 (A right) and CA1 (B right) respectively signaled novelty and encoding, consistent with their group-level findings. But this analysis further showed that superficial EC (the input layers to the hippocampus) and deep EC (the output layers from the hippocampus) also respectively predicted novelty (A left) and encoding (B left). What's more, superficial EC and DG/CA2/3 functionally coupled during novelty processing, whereas deep EC and CA1 coupled during encoding. Multivariate Bayes decoding predicts novelty and encoding from entorhinal cortex and hippocampal activity. Maass et al., 2014. In essence, these findings suggest a division of labor across the EC-hippocampal circuit, where hippocampal input pathways participate in novelty detection, and output pathways transform these signals for memory storage. The researchers offer a model in which information about stimulus identity feeds in from upstream regions such as the perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices, which are known to process object and scene identity. Hippocampal pattern separation or comparator computations might then be performed to both assess novelty and reduce interference between stimulus representations, transforming the novelty signal into output for long-term storage. This explanation for how hippocampal circuits process a stimulus representation is reasonable, considering that DG/CA3 is important for pattern separation, and CA1 has been proposed as a neural comparator, processes which may determine the memory fate of a stimulus representation. Cautions and caveats A segregation of function across EC layers and hippocampal subfields does not necessarily imply that these mappings are mutually exclusive. For instance, it's likely that output pathways still carry a novelty signal, and memory formation may begin earlier in the processing stream than detected here. Despite the impressive resolution in this study, allowing fine segmentation of cortical layers and subregions, noise and artifact are inherent concerns for any fMRI study. As the BOLD signal is a crude estimate of neural activity, there may well be a ceiling to the power of high-field fMRI, even with the most rigorous methods. How accurately these region- and layer-specific signals map onto memory functions therefore remains to be validated. And of course, we can't infer directionality, causality or any direct relationship to neural activity from fMRI alone. It's tempting to interpret early circuit activity as an input signal and late activity as an output signal, or to assume that the BOLD response reflects excitatory neural activity; however, we'll need more direct neuroimaging tools to trace the flow of neural signal and confirm these speculations. Together, Maass and colleagues' study advances the field of cognitive neuroscience on two fronts. First, it helps bridge the gap between robust yet invasive imaging tools and non-invasive but less powerful approaches commonplace in human imaging studies. Their successful application of high-field fMRI demonstrates the feasibility of assessing human brain activity with sub-millimeter resolution, paving the way for the standardization and refinement of these tools. Second, and perhaps most critically, it allows us to peer into the brain at previously impossible scales to view the live hippocampal circuit hard at work, processing and engendering memories. While past fMRI studies have effectively shown where memories are woven together, these findings refine this anatomical precision to bring us one step closer to understanding how hippocampal circuits accomplish this feat. First author Anne Maass kindly offered to answer a few questions about her research. Here is a brief interview with Maass and her colleagues. Are there unique methodological concerns to consider when using high-field, high-resolution fMRI? The increased signal-to-noise ratio provided by MRI at 7T enables us to acquire fMRI data at an unprecedented level of anatomical detail. However, ultra high-field fMRI is also more vulnerable to distortions and susceptibility-related artifacts and the negative effect of motion increases with resolution. In particular, the anterior medial temporal lobe regions, such as the entorhinal cortex and perirhinal cortex, are often affected by susceptibility artifacts. Nevertheless, an optimized 7T protocol as we used in our study can reduce (but not fully eliminate) these signal dropouts and distortions, e.g. by the very small voxel size, shorter echo times as well as optimized shimming and distortion correction. We therefore had to manually discard functional volumes with visible dropouts and distortions. The analysis of high-resolution functional data raises additional challenges, for instance the precise coregistration of structural and functional (often partial) images or the normalization into a standard space, which is usually done for group comparisons. In our study, we aimed to evaluate functional differences between entorhinal and hippocampal layers and subregions. We thus manually defined our regions of interest and chose a novel approach that enables to use the individual (raw) functional data to achieve highest anatomical precision. Have other studies examined the hippocampal-entorhinal circuit during memory encoding or novelty detection using more direct neural imaging tools, for example, with intracranial EEG? If so, how do they align with your findings? Although there have been several intracranial EEG recording studies in humans that investigated functional coupling between hippocampus and EC (i.e. Fernandez et al., 1999), to our knowledge, these studies have not been able to look at deep versus superficial EC or at specific hippocampal subfields. Your findings have obvious implications for memory disorders. Have you done any work investigating how the hippocampal-entorhinal memory circuit is disrupted in Alzheimer's or other dementias? To investigate layer-specific processing in aging or neurodegenerative diseases is of course of particular interest as aging seems to affect particularly entorhinal input from superficial EC layers to the dentate gyrus and also taupathology in Alzheimer's disease emerges in the superficial EC layers, subsequently spreading to particular hippocampal subregions or layers (i.e. CA1 apical layers). However, high-resolution fMRI at 7T is particularly challenging in older people. The high probability of exclusion criteria (e.g. implants) complicates subject recruitment and stronger subject movement increases motion artefacts. So far we have collected functional data at 7T in healthy older people with 1mm isotropic resolution that we are currently analyzing. In addition, further studies are planned that focus on changes in intrinsic functional connectivity of the hippocampal-entorhinal network in early Alzheimer's disease. What further questions do your results raise regarding hippocampal memory pathways, and do you have plans to follow-up on these questions with future studies? One further question that we are currently addressing is how hippocampal and neocortical connectivity with the EC is functionally organized in humans. While the rodent EC shows a functional division into lateral and medial parts based on differential anatomical connectivity with parahippocampal and hippocampal subregions, almost nothing is known about functional subdivisions of the human EC. In addition to characterizing entorhinal functional connectivity profiles in young adults, we also want to study how these are altered by exercise training. Finally, we aim to resolve how aging affects object vs. scene processing (and pattern separation) in different components of the EC and subfields of the hippocampus. Dere E et al. (2006). The case for episodic memory in animals. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 30(8):1206-24. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2006.09.005 Fernandez G et al. (1999). Real-Time Tracking of Memory Formation in the Human Rhinal Cortex and Hippocampus. Science 285(5433):1582-5. doi:1 0.1126/science.285.5433.1582 Friston K et al. (2008). Bayesian decoding of brain images. Neuroimage 39(1):181-205. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.08.013 Maass A, et al. (2014). Laminar activity in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex related to novelty and episodic encoding. Nat Commun 5:5547. doi:10.1038/ncomms6547 Tagged encoding, entorhinal cortex, fMRI, hippocampus, memory, neuroimaging @PLOSNeuro #SfN14 Highlights: Intracranial EEG and Brain Stimulation Despite their many advantages, traditional tools to study neurocognitive function in humans, such as EEG or fMRI, carry several disadvantages compared to those usable on animals. Perhaps the most significant limitation is the challenge of imaging neural activity of live human brains during mental functions, which inherently requires the application of invasive neuroimaging techniques. Recently, the cognitive neuroscientist's tool-belt has rapidly expanded, with the growing prevalence and usability of powerful imaging methods such as intracranial EEG – or electrocorticography (ECOG) – and electrical brain stimulation, that permit direct recording or stimulation of neuronal activity in live, conscious humans. The SfN symposium Studying Human Cognition with Intracranial EEG and Electrical Brain Stimulation (previously previewed here, including an interview with speaker Josef Parvizi) explored current advances in these evolving methods along with their applications to the human cognitive experience. UC Berkeley's Bob Knight opened the symposium by highlighting the unique perks of ECOG over more traditional imaging techniques — points which were later recapitulated by other speakers — including its remarkably high spatial and temporal resolution and exceptional signal to noise ratio. ECOG is in fact so precise that it can reliably measure signal down to the single trial level – a feat neither EEG nor fMRI can boast. In just his brief introduction, Knight shared some impressive clinical and cognitive applications of these electrophysiology techniques. For instance, intracranial EEG signal from the auditory cortex was effective (with 99% accuracy!) at reconstructing words, holding clear implications for patients with speech impairments. My personal favorite highlight of the session, however, was the reconstruction of Pink Floyd's "Another brick in the wall" from intracranial auditory cortex recordings. Parvizi First up, Josef Parvizi from Stanford University presented his lab's multimodal approach to neurocognitive assessment, incorporating fMRI, ECOG and electrical brain stimulation. Parvizi shared a series of cases illustrating the powerful – and entertaining — applications of brain stimulation. In response to stimulation of the "salience network", which had been previously mapped using fMRI, one patient responded that he felt like he was "riding in a storm", but "felt nothing" after sham stimulation. A second patient reported the sense that "something bad is going to happen," confirming in both patients emotionally driven reactions to "salience network" stimulation. In a final, particularly compelling, demonstration, Parvizi showed the effects of fusiform face area stimulation: "You just turned into somebody else," the subject reported. "That was a trip!" Malach Next, Rafael Malach of the Weizmann Institute discussed his lab's use of intracranial EEG to measure spontaneous neural activity at rest. FMRI is most commonly used to study resting-state activity; however, the BOLD signal may be contaminated by non-neural signal, and — due to its poor temporal resolution — is effectively blind to rapid events. Using ECOG, which overcomes both of these hurdles, Malach demonstrated how high frequency gamma activity accurately reflects neuronal firing rate and can assess functional connectivity. Surprisingly, spontaneous activity between recording sites on opposite hemispheres is more highly correlated than between adjacent recording sites. So ECOG may be a powerful tool for measuring spontaneous activity, but this is only valuable if we can identify the signal's associated mental processes. Using the comical and celebrated example of the entorhinal cortex "Simpsons neuron", which selectively fired in response to images of the Simpsons or immediately before spontaneous recall of the cartoon, Malach suggested that spontaneous activity exceeding an awareness threshold might indeed represent conscious thoughts. Lachaux Jean-Philippe Lachaux, from the Lyon Research Council, took a slightly different angle on the applications of ECOG, highlighting its unique suitability for evaluating naturalistic behavior. Because of its robustness against artifacts problematic in EEG or fMRI — like motion, blinking or signal distortion — ECOG can be more flexibly used in a variety of environments. These applications can be enhanced by integrating it with other tools such as eye-tracking, to more accurately associate natural behavior with neural activity in real time. Furthermore, Lachaux illustrated the power of ECOG at unraveling the temporal dynamics of functional interactions. Lachaux presented data questioning the common assumption that inter-region communication is typically a one-way street, proposing instead that such interactions may be more akin to reciprocal "shared conversations". Kastner Sabine Kastner of Princeton University wrapped up the session with her lab's comparative studies of attention in humans and monkeys. Combining human intracranial EEG with single-unit and LFP measures in monkeys during attention (Flanker task), she reported similar attention modulation in human and monkey intraparietal sulcus. Intriguingly, while attention modulated high gamma in both species, it also increased low frequency oscillations in humans. At the heart of cognitive neuroscience is the question of how neural activity translates to thoughts and behavior. To directly address this issue, Kastner is using electrophysiology to identify the optimal neural code for attention. In both humans and monkeys, she finds that spike phase better predicts behavior than spike rate, inching us one step closer to resolving the brain-cognition relationship. Judging by the responses to my live-tweeting of this symposium, I'll conjecture that the Neuro community is as intrigued and excited as yours-truly about the potential applications of ECOG and brain stimulation. In the words of @WiringTheBrain, "This stuff is so COOL! And scary. But mainly COOL!" Tagged brain stimulation, ECOG, EEG, fMRI, functional connectivity, intracranial EEG, neuroimaging, neuroscience What does Work-Related Burnout do to the Brain? We've all experienced it – the fatigue, stress and irritability after a long day of work. For most, these feelings are fleeting, and are nothing a good night's sleep or a cup of tea over a good book can't remedy. But for others, the daily stress extends into weeks and months, and eventually into long-term burnout. The physical toll on the over-worked can be so extreme that occupational burnout is being increasingly recognized as a serious medical condition. While the behavioral symptoms – including problems with memory or concentration, mood imbalances, insomnia and body aches – are well documented, the consequences of chronic burnout on brain function, and how such neural changes give rise to emotional dysregulation, have been inadequately examined. A recent PLOS One study, by Amita Golkar and colleagues from the Karolinska Institute, sought to better understand how chronic work-related stress alters brain function and emotional processing. While their findings confirm that impaired emotional regulation has neurobiological roots, another expert in the field has raised the question of whether stress may affect additional neural circuits undetected here. Assessing stress Thirty-two individuals with chronic burnout and 61 healthy controls participated. The patients worked 60-70 hours per week, manifested symptoms including sleeplessness, fatigue, irritability, cognitive impairments or impaired working ability for at least a year, and had lost at least six months of work to sickness. Each participant completed two test sessions, including a startle response task to measure emotional regulation, and resting-state functional MRI to evaluate functional brain connectivity. During the behavioral task, a series of neutral and negative pictures was shown, with each picture flashed before and after an instruction cue (Figure 1). For negative pictures, subjects were told to either up-regulate, down-regulate or maintain their emotional response to the image (i.e., to experience the second presentation as more, less or similarly emotionally charged as the first presentation). Neutral pictures were always paired with the instruction to maintain their emotional response. To assess how the cues affected participants' physiological responses to the images, during each picture presentation the researchers administered an acoustic startle and measured eye-blink responses using electromyography. This allowed them to compare stress responses to an identical stimulus, differing only in how the participants manipulated their emotional reactions. Figure 1. Startle responses were measured before and after an emotional regulation cue to the same picture. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104550 Burnout impairs emotional regulation When they were told to maintain or up-regulate their emotional responses, the burnout and control groups showed similar startle responses (response to the post-cue picture – response to the pre-cue picture). But critically, during the down-regulate condition the burnout group not only exhibited a greater stress response than controls (Figure 2), but also reported less success at implementing the emotional regulation instructions to the negative images. Just from these behavioral findings, it's clear that chronic stress can dramatically alter how we process negative emotions. In particular, the burnt-out workers demonstrated less control over their reactions to negative experiences, showing signs of elevated distress that they were unable to dampen. Figure 2. Patients showed an exaggerated response to negative images when instructed to down-regulate their emotions. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104550 Burnout alters limbic function Given this strong evidence that something was awry in these patients' emotional regulation circuitry, Golkar and colleagues next asked whether altered neural function might underlie their symptoms. Naturally, they looked to the limbic system, a brain network involved in processing emotion. They focused particularly on the amygdala, which is known to be critical for evoking fear and anxiety, and is enlarged in people with occupational stress. Here, functional connectivity during rest between the amygdala and several brain regions was altered in patients; most notably, connections were weaker with the prefrontal cortex and stronger with the insula. What's more, the stronger the correlation of the amygdala with the insula or a thalamic/hypothalamic region, the higher the individual's perceived stress. Finally, connectivity between the amygdala and the anterior cingulate correlated with participants' ability to down-regulate their emotional response from the startle-response task. Figure 3. Differences in functional connectivity with the amygdala between patients and controls. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104550 The findings of Golkar and colleagues help to establish a concrete understanding of the cognitive and neural changes underlying a too-often overlooked serious health condition. These findings add credence to the subjective feeling of being overly sensitive to negativity, or unable to control emotions, when burnt out. Perhaps more importantly, they confirm that such emotional impairments indeed have neurobiological underpinnings – changes that fit in beautifully with our knowledge of how the brain processes emotion. A stress-related disconnect between the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate – even at rest – builds upon earlier studies showing reduced volume and altered task-evoked responses in these areas associated with stress. And chronic stress was further related to amygdala hyperconnectivity with the insula and thalamus/hypothalamus, key regions for eliciting a stress response. Dissociating the neural effects of stress However, this study leaves several questions unanswered and raises a few more. Given the complexity of the patients' psychological conditions, there were most certainly numerous other physical and psychological differences between the groups that went undocumented and uncontrolled. In the future, closer examination of these possible confounds will help identify their unique neural and behavioral effects. Furthermore, in addition to functional changes in several expected regions, altered resting connectivity also occurred in two unexpected regions – the cerebellum and motor cortex. Whether these were false positives, or whether occupational stress may have additional underappreciated motor or cognitive consequence, remains to be seen. Because of the study's justifiable focus on connectivity with the amygdala, it's unclear how specific or broad the neural changes associated with chronic stress may be. Tom Liu, a researcher studying resting-state brain connectivity at UC San Diego, who was not involved in this study, explains, "This begs the question of what other connections might be different between the two groups or perhaps show even better correlation with the stress scores. The issue there is that because of the large number of potential connections, a researcher is very quickly faced with a large multiple comparisons problem – this is an open issue in the field." Further work will help clarify whether stress – or other differences between the groups – predominantly affects limbic circuitry or might also contribute to global brain changes. Liu points out, "One aspect that would have been interesting to look at is whether there were any global differences between the two groups that could have accounted for the differences, as the authors did not perform global signal regression." For instance, two recent studies report altered global signal associated with schizophrenia and variance in vigilance. Golkar et al. help to bridge the gap between the emotional dysregulation of workplace burnout and its long-term impact on brain function. Such work is a valuable step towards not only better understanding the brain's response to stress, but also better equipping us to manage our emotional and brain health – even after a long day of work. Blix E, Perski A, Berglund H and Savic I (2013). Long-Term Occupational Stress Is Associated with Regional Reductions in Brain Tissue Volumes. PLOS One 8(6): e64065. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0064065 Davis M (1992). The role of the amygdala in fear and anxiety. Annu Rev Neurosci 15:353-75. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ne.15.030192.002033 Flynn FG, Benson DF and Ardila, A (1999). Anatomy of the insula functional and clinical correlates. Aphasiology 13(1): 55-78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/026870399402325 Herman JP and Cullinan WE (1997). Neurocircuitry of stress: central control of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis. Trends Neurosci 20(2):78-84. doi: 10.1016/S0166-2236(96)10069-2 Golkar A, Johansson E, Kasahara M, Osika W, Perski A and Ivanka S (2014). The influence of work-related chroinic stress on the regulation of emotion and on functional connectivity in the brain. PLOS One 9(9): e104550. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104550 Jovanovic H, Perski A, Berglund H amd Savic I (2011). Chronic stress is linked to 5-HT(1A) receptor changes and functional disintegration of the limbic networks. Neuroimage 55(3):1178-88. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.12.060 LeDoux JE (2000). Emotion Circuits in the Brain. Annu Rev Neurosci 23: 155-84. doi: 10.1146/annurev.neuro.23.1.155 Savic I (2013). Structural Changes of the Brain in Relation to Occupational Stress. Cereb Cortex. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bht348 Schutte N, Toppinen S, Kalimo R and Schaufeli W (2000). The factorial validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory—General Survey (MBI—GS) across occupational groups and nations. J Occup Organ Psych, 73(1), 53-66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/096317900166877 Wong CW, Olafsson V, Tal O, Liu TT (2013). The amplitude of the resting-state fMRI global signal is related to EEG vigilance measures. Neuroimge, 83, 983-90. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.07.057 Yang GJ, Murray JD, Repovs G, Cole MW, Savic A, Glasser MF, Pittenger C, Krystal JH, Wang XJ, Pearlson GD, Glahn DC, Anticevic A (2014). Altered global brain signal in schizophrenia. PNAS, 111(20), 7438-43. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1405289111 Tagged amygdala, brain, burnout, emotion, fMRI, functional connectivity, limbic system, neuroscience, psychology, startle resposne, stress fracture Brain Connectivity Patterns of Shifting Memory Processes At a recent dinner party, the memories flood your mind as you reminisce with an old friend. A woman approaches and your friend introduces you: "I'd like you to meet my wife, Margaret." Your attention shifts from the past to this present moment, as you focus on making a new association between "Margaret" and the tall, dark-haired woman before you. As during a dinner party with old friends and new acquaintances, the dynamically shifting stimulus landscape around us may trigger the retrieval of old memories or the formation of novel ones, often in overlap or rapid succession. What's more, memory does not simply involve compartmentalized processes of the birth or reactivation of memories in isolation. Rather, successful execution of these processes also relies on support from non-mnemonic processing, such as evaluating a recalled memory or paying attention to new information. Although there is some overlap in the brain regions involved in laying down new memories and recovering old ones, the complex coordination of the many sub-processes of encoding and retrieval naturally requires cross-talk across distinct neural systems. The brain's medial temporal lobe is commonly considered the seat of memory – with the hippocampus lying at its heart – as encoding and retrieval rely critically on these regions. However, just as memory involves the coordination of many cognitive functions, so does it require the coordination of widespread brain networks. Both small-scale circuits across hippocampal subregions, and long-range brain systems, work together to integrate sensory information, control attention and filter relevant details in support of memory. A recent study from Katherine Duncan, Alexa Tompary, and Lila Davachi at NYU demonstrated just how the hippocampus shifts its communication with the surrounding brain to support its remarkable ability to rapidly switch between memory processes. The researchers conducted fMRI while participants performed alternating blocks during which they encoded pairs of objects and then recalled those object pairs. A day later, participants returned for an unscanned long-term memory test, in which they reported whether they recognized the objects, and rated how confidently they recalled the pairs. This delayed memory test was used to measure how well the object associations had been encoded the day prior. A standard analysis confirmed that across all hippocampal subregions (CA1, DG/CA3, subiculum) activity increased for both successful encoding and retrieval. Notably, the retrieval effect was strongest in DG/CA3, in line with past studies suggesting that this region might function as an auto-associative network that serves to reactivate stored memory traces. Now, we've long known that the hippocampus is engaged during these processes; but less certain is how the region interacts with the surrounding brain. The researchers focused on hippocampal subregion CA1, an important hub along the bidirectional cortex-hippocampus highway, as it both receives input from the medial temporal lobe (via the dentate gyrus and CA3), and also provides output back to the cortex. Connectivity between DG/CA3 and CA1 was stronger during the retrieval than the encoding block, whereas connectivity with CA1 didn't differ between memory blocks for any of the other medial temporal lobe or midbrain regions they investigated (Figure 1). Thus, not only was DG/CA3 highly activated, but it was also more strongly connected with its downstream hippocampal target, during retrieval. Figure 1. Connectivity between CA1 and DG/CA3 is stronger during retrieval than encoding. Adapted from Duncan et al., 2014. But how might memory-specific communication across regions subserve the brain's changing cognitive goals? To test whether connectivity patterns in fact support memory success, the researchers correlated functional connectivity measures with encoding and retrieval performance. Supporting their prior findings, CA1-DG/CA3 connectivity correlated with immediate retrieval accuracy, but not with long-term memory (i.e., day 2 retrieval) (Figure 2, left). Conversely, connectivity between CA1 and the ventral tegmentum correlated with long-term memory, but not immediate retrieval accuracy (Figure 2, right). As Davachi explains, "This suggests that whatever this signal represents, it is explaining long-term – not short-term – memory, which arguably suggests that across subject variability in CA1-ventral tegmentum connectivity is related to the consolidation of memories, not just their initial encoding." Figure 2. CA1-DG/CA3 connectivity correlates with immediate retrieval, whereas CA1-ventral tegmentum connectivity correlates with memory consolidation. Adapted from Duncan et al., 2014. Notably, these connectivity patterns emerged when examining activity across each encoding or retrieval block, but disappeared when isolating the trial-evoked responses. It therefore seems possible that these increases in connectivity strength may not directly support isolated moments of memory formation or reactivation, but instead, auxiliary processes that evolve gradually over time. However, Davachi cautions "These null effects do not necessarily imply that there are not important trial-evoked changes in connectivity, but rather, that the trial-evoked data are simply swamped with the incoming perceptual and task signals." While the role of DG/CA3 and its connectivity to CA1 in associative retrieval has been well documented, the encoding-specific link between CA1 and the ventral tegmentum is less expected. Regions such as the medial temporal lobe and the prefrontal cortex are traditionally considered the major players in memory encoding; yet, recent research has hinted at a more important role for the ventral tegmentum than previously thought. Furthermore, this finding aligns well with animal studies showing that input to CA1 from the ventral tegmentum is required for synaptic plasticity, and that long-term potentiation – key to long-term memory formation – is dopamine-dependent. But as Davachi emphasizes, "You can never know if the BOLD response is related to long-term potentiation. All we show is that the coordinated activation between the ventral tegmentum and CA1 is related to successful encoding (and not retrieval) but what this represents is unclear." Indeed, the ventral tegmentum is involved in a host of other, non-memory functions as well, such as novelty detection and motivation, both of which would be critical for the encoding task used here – or when making a new acquaintance at a dinner party. What remains to be determined is how, if at all, hippocampal connectivity with the ventral tegmentum supports memory consolidation, or rather, these adjunct processes that might be important for establishing new memories. Although this study demonstrated unique hippocampal interactions during encoding and retrieval, it can't speak to the direction of information flow. For instance, since the hippocampal-ventral tegmentum connection is reciprocal, signaling could feasibly proceed in either direction. Furthermore, their findings don't show that encoding and retrieval are exclusively associated with CA1-ventral tegmentum and CA1-DG/CA3 connectivity, respectively – only that the strength of these interactions differs depending on the memory manipulation. While further studies, especially those which more directly measure neural activity, will help clarify questions concerning directionality and causality, these findings build significantly upon our knowledge of human memory. In particular, Duncan and colleagues' techniques enable the assessment of communication with and across hippocampal subregions while directly evaluating memory, which has been challenging in animals. Their findings not only raise several important questions for follow-up, but critically, also bridge the gap between human and animal studies to help unify our understanding of the brain systems supporting encoding and retrieval. Duncan K, Tompary A and Davachi L (2014). Associative encoding and retrieval are predicted by functional connectivity in distinct hippocampal area CA1 pathways. J Neurosci 34(34): 11188-98. doi: 10.1523/jneurosci.0521-14.2014 Murty VP and Adcock RA (2014). Enriched encoding: Reward motivation organizes cortical networks for hippocampal detection of unexpected events. Cereb Cortex 24(8):2160-8. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bht063 Treves A and Rolls ET (2004). Computational constraints suggest the need for two distinct input systems to the hippocampal CA3 network. Hippocampus 2(2):189-99. doi: 10.1002/hipo.450020209 Tagged encoding, fMRI, functional connectivity, hippocampus, memory, neuroscience, retrieval, ventral tegmentum Global similarity signals of recognition strength The below article was recently rejected from the Journal of Neuroscience as a 'Journal Club' commentary on Davis et al., 2014, 'Global neural pattern similarity as a common basis for categorization and recognition memory'. Hoping that my efforts will not go to waste, I'd like to give the piece an alternate home here. Please read, comment and share, all free of paywalls! Theories of long-term memory have linked an item's memory strength to its "global similarity" (Clark and Gronlund, 1996). The greater the conceptual overlap between a target item and other items stored in memory, the more familiar the item will seem. While psychological models have consistently supported the theory that across-item similarity contributes to recognition memory, it is unclear how neural computations give rise to this relationship between representational similarity and memory strength. Neuroimaging studies have shown that activity in the brain's medial temporal lobe tracks memory strength as well as the representational overlap between stimuli in memory, establishing this region as a likely host for a global similarity signal that confers accuracy and confidence to recognition judgments. Model of the multivoxel pattern similarity analysis. A) The multivoxel activation pattern within a region is extracted for each stimulus (S1, S2, etc.). B) The correlation between the activation pattern for each stimulus and that of all other stimuli is computed. Across-item correlations are expected to be higher for stimuli that are strongly remembered than those that are poorly remembered. Adapted from Xue et al., 2010. In their study recently published in the Journal of Neuroscience, Davis and colleagues (2014) tested whether the similarity between blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) activation patterns elicited by an item and other encoded items predicted how confidently the item would later be recognized (see figure). Participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing an incidental encoding task of repeated Chinese words. They were later administered a surprise recall task, in which they freely reported any recalled words from the encoding task, as well as a surprise recognition task, in which they reported their confidence in having previously seen a word. The authors then computed a neural similarity score for each word, which measured the correlation between the multivoxel activity pattern for that word and the activity pattern for all other words (Davis et al., Figure 1). This global similarity metric was compared to recognition confidence ratings to assess the relationship between neural representational overlap and memory strength. Consistent with their prediction, the extent of global similarity between the multivoxel activation pattern of a word and that of all other words correlated with the word's subsequent recognition confidence ratings (Davis et al., Figure 3A). Within their medial temporal lobe region of interest, the effect was localized to clusters in both the parahippocampal gyrus and hippocampus. This link between neural global similarity and recognition strength held even after controlling for within-item similarity, which the authors previously showed to correlate with memory strength (Xue et al., 2010). Furthermore, medial temporal lobe pattern similarity also correlated with the semantic relatedness between words (Davis et al., Figure 6). This demonstrated, for the first time, that medial temporal lobe substrates of between-item similarity mirror psychological metrics of memory strength and semantic relatedness. The stronger an item is represented in memory, the more highly its semantic content, and its representation in the medial temporal lobe, overlaps with that of other stimuli. While these initial results speak to the mechanisms by which an item is perceived as familiar, considerable debate exists over whether recognition is mediated by a single neural system. For instance, some neuroimaging and lesion studies have reported functional segregation of familiarity and recollection signals within the medial temporal lobe (Eichenbaum et al., 2007), while others indicate that the medial temporal lobe collectively supports all forms of recognition memory (Squire et al., 2007). Furthermore, there is evidence that successful recall can be mediated by global similarity (Gillund and Shiffrin, 1984), but also by pattern separation of an item from other items (O'Reilly and Norman, 2002). Thus, to dissociate between effects of global similarity on recognition strength and on recall, pattern similarity analyses were additionally performed on non-recalled words alone, and also on recalled versus non-recalled words. Global similarity of medial temporal lobe activation patterns both correlated with the memory strength of non-recalled words and predicted recall success. Thus, both recognition and recall may rely on the degree of neural representational overlap across items in memory. Finally, the authors investigated whether the association between memory strength and neural similarity extends beyond long-term memory. Given prior evidence that learning categorical rules increases the psychological similarity of learned items and activates the medial temporal lobe, they tested whether global similarity of medial temporal lobe representations reflected category learning. Indeed, global similarity of medial temporal lobe activity patterns correlated with the psychological similarity between an item and others in its category (Davis et al., Figure 3B, C). Notably, these regions overlapped considerably with those from the long-term memory pattern similarity analysis (Davis et al., Figure 4). Thus, global similarity computations in the medial temporal lobe may not selectively subserve episodic memory formation, but might support a range of learning processes. These findings suggest a universal mechanism of coding memory strength within the medial temporal lobe that generalizes across domains, beyond just recognition memory. This bridge across cognitive domains aligns well with our understanding that acquiring both episodic memories and categorization rules involves learning new information, a process fundamentally supported by memory encoding. However, the breadth of such a medial temporal lobe code, which extends beyond recognition to encompass recall and categorization, raises important considerations regarding the heterogeneity versus homogeneity of medial temporal lobe memory functions. Some theories of medial temporal lobe function propose distinct roles for the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus in long-term memory. A recent study examined whether these regions also functionally dissociate according to memory-related global similarity computations. LaRocque et al. (2013) reported a correlation between across-item neural similarity and recognition strength in the parahippocampal gyrus, but an inverse correlation in the hippocampus. This dissociation contrasts with the parallel representations in the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus observed by Davis et al. (2014). Thus, hippocampal representations of global similarity and distinctiveness may both contribute to recognition memory. These seemingly contradictory findings in fact align with computational models of hippocampal function suggesting that the structure performs both pattern completion and separation in the service of long-term memory (Yassa and Stark, 2011). These operations are likely computed by separate hippocampal subregions and support distinct memory functions. Specifically, pattern separation may be mediated by the dentate gyrus and promote discriminative processes that aid encoding and recollection, whereas pattern completion may be mediated by CA3 and generalize across inputs to signal familiarity. It is therefore possible that hippocampal signals of representational overlap and distinctiveness coexist in complex tasks like those employed in these studies (LaRocque et al., 2013; Davis et al., 2014), which may dynamically engage concurrent memory encoding and retrieval processes. Follow-up studies will help to resolve why a pattern completion or separation signal would dominate depending on the task condition or memory manipulation. Furthermore, given the inherent ambiguity of multivoxel signal content, it is unclear what particular information is carried in overlapping activation patters. Here, BOLD patterns correlated with both memory strength and semantic content; yet, multiple additional variables may covary with these cognitive measures and hence contribute to the similarity across multivoxel space. As the authors acknowledge, an infinite number of factors, which can be challenging to detect or control, may increase the similarity between BOLD activation patterns (Todd et al., 2013). Further research will be important to more completely characterize how variance in factors such as stimulus features, cognitive sub-processes, BOLD dynamics, or analysis procedures, may additionally drive the overlap in BOLD patterns of neural representations. The findings of Davis and colleagues provide novel insight into medial temporal lobe coding mechanisms of memory strength, linking computational models that implicate psychological similarity in recognition strength with representational similarity of memory-related brain activation patterns. Together, these results solidify a base upon which to more thoroughly examine the breadth of this medial temporal lobe similarity signal across cognitive processes. Such findings will serve as critical steps towards clarifying the extent to which overlapping neural representations in the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus contribute to a range of learning processes – including both those within and beyond the domain of episodic memory. 1. Clark SE, Gronlund SD. 1996. Global matching models of recognition memory: How the models match the data. Psychon Bull Rev 3:37-60. 2. Davis T, Xue G, Love BC, Preston AR, Poldrack RA. 2014. Global neural pattern similarity as a common basis for categorization and recognition memory. J Neurosci 34:7472-84. 3. Eichenbaum H, Yonelinas AP, Ranganath C. 2007. The medial temporal lobe and recognition memory. Annu Rev Neurosci 30:123-52. 4. Gillund G, Shiffrin RM. 1984. A retrieval model for both recognition and recall. Psychol Rev 91:1-67. 5. LaRocque KF, Smith ME, Carr VA, Witthoft N, Grill-Spector K, Wagner AD. 2013. Global similarity and pattern separation in the human medial temporal lobe predict subsequent memory. J Neurosci 33:5466-74. 6. O'Reilly RC, Norman KA. 2002. Hippocampal and neocortical contributions to memory: advances in the complementary learning systems framework. Trends Cogn Sci 6:505-10. 7. Squire LR, Wixted JT, Clark RE. 2007. Recognition memory and the medial temporal lobe: a new perspective. Nat Rev Neurosci 8:872-83. 8. Todd MT, Nystrom LE, Cohen JD. 2013. Confounds in multivariate pattern analysis: Theory and rule representation case study. Neuroimage 77:157-65. 9. Xue G, Dong Q, Chen C, Lu Z, Mumford JA, Poldrack RA. 2010. Greater neural pattern similarity across repetitions is associated with better memory. Science 330:97-101. 10. Yassa MA, Stark CE. 2011. Pattern separation in the hippocampus. Trends Neurosci. 34:515-25. Davis T, Xue G, Love BC, Preston AR, & Poldrack RA (2014). Global neural pattern similarity as a common basis for categorization and recognition memory. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 34 (22), 7472-84 PMID: 24872552 Tagged brain, fMRI, global similarity, hippocampus, medial temporal lobe, memory, mvpa, neuroimaging, neuroscience, recognition A BOLD signal in the hippocampus ambiguous When you see a red blob on an fMRI activity map, what do you think? We all know fMRI doesn't directly measure neural activity, yet an increased BOLD (blood oxygen level dependent) response is commonly used as a proxy for elevated "brain activity". This interpretation is, in fact, strongly supported by studies identifying a relationship between the BOLD response and underlying neural activity. In particular, this signal correlates most strongly with the LFP (local field potential), suggesting that synaptic potentials – rather than spiking – primarily drive the BOLD signal 1. But what about those blue blobs on that brain map? What exactly does a negative BOLD response represent? Do BOLD signal increases and decreases respectively represent neural activation and deactivation, as we often presume? Neuroscientists know the story isn't that simple, yet still, we often construct our interpretations according to such idyllic principles. fMRI 101 In fMRI 101 we learned that the BOLD response results from changes in the relative amounts of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin, which – because of their distinct magnetic properties – are respectively associated with BOLD signal increases and decreases. When a brain region becomes active and requires energy, oxygen metabolism (CMRO2) increases, reducing blood oxygenation levels. A coincident increase in cerebral blood flow (CBF) partially counteracts this by delivering more oxygenated blood to the area. Since the BOLD signal increases with higher blood oxygenation, the direction of the BOLD response depends on the relative change in CBF and CMRO2. Since the increase in oxygenated blood flow typically exceeds that of oxygen metabolism, elevated neural activity (usually) leads to a positive BOLD response. So if a positive fMRI activation reflects increased blood blow and metabolism, negative activity should reflect the opposite … right? Hippocampus ambiguous One oft-overlooked feature of this mechanism is that the coupling between blood flow and metabolism varies across brain regions. Across the cortex, the coupling ratio between CBF and CMRO2 is heterogeneous but generally high, on the order of 2 to 4.5 2,3, generating a reliably positive BOLD signal with activation. But recent studies have shown that other regions have lower coupling ratios. Of particular concern is the hippocampus, with an estimated coupling ratio of 1.7 4. One possible reason for this discrepancy is the remarkably poor vascular supply to the hippocampus compared to the surrounding cortex 5. Thus, hippocampal activation would result in a notably reduced BOLD response compared to a cortical activation. As this CBF:CMRO2 coupling ratio flirts dangerously with unity, it raises concern that in certain situations it might dip to or below one, resulting in no change, or even a negative BOLD response, following neural activation. Indeed, upon stimulating neural activity (by inducing seizures) in rats, researchers observed a positive BOLD signal in the cortex, but a negative signal in the hippocampus 6. What's a hippocampal imager to do? So what does all this mean for us foolish – I mean, unfortunate – cognitive neuroscientists using fMRI to study the hippocampus? For one, we face vastly greater challenges to interpreting our data than our lucky cortical colleagues. When the hippocampus activates, we can be relatively confident that blood flow and metabolism (and presumably, underlying neural activity) are concurrently elevated. But a deactivated hippocampus is an ambiguous hippocampus. A negative BOLD response could theoretically indicate an underlying decrease or increase in both or either parameters. Let's explore three alternative scenarios which could theoretically engender a negative hippocampal BOLD signal. 1. ↓ CBF, ↓ CMRO2. The most intuitive explanation is that neural activity declines, reducing both blood flow and oxygen metabolism within the region. This scenario is certainly feasible if the hippocampus maintains a certain level of tonic activity and a given condition actively suppresses it below baseline. 2. ↓ CBF, = CMRO2. Since the ratio of CBF to CMRO2 is the key determinant of the BOLD response, a change in oxygen metabolism is not requisite for a negative BOLD signal if blood flow alone declines. Such is the premise for the "vascular steal" hypothesis, which posits that blood is diverted from less critical regions to those directly involved in the task at hand, regardless of any change in oxygen consumption. 3. ↑ CBF, ↑ CMRO2. While the former two scenarios imply reduced hippocampal recruitment, either metabolic or vascular, a final scenario entails the opposite: elevated blood flow and metabolism drive the negative BOLD. Because of the hippocampus' problematic coupling ratio, if the metabolic increase exceeds the blood flow increase, this manifests as a negative response. Alternative interpretations To disambiguate these alternatives, we must think outside the blob and interpret our effects in light of integrated electrophysiology, lesion and cognitive psychology findings. Two examples from recent fMRI studies illustrate the aforementioned challenges as well as how alternative explanations best account for a task-induced hippocampal deactivation. First (shameless self-promotion alert!), during effortful memory retrieval, we consistently observe a negative hippocampal response 7-9. What might this signal represent? Given that the hippocampus is critically involved in encoding new memories 10, it's possible that it remains continuously "online", storing features of our ongoing experience into memory. Now, when one engages in a difficult mental task, such as trying to recall a weak memory, attention is diverted away from encoding irrelevant background information towards the target task. Scenario one would nicely account for this observation, as hippocampal neural activity dips below its baseline level and generates a negative BOLD. Considering that this negative response correlates with task difficulty (indexed by either response times or memory strength) and impaired encoding of the background environment, this seems like the most logical scenario. For now, that's our story and we're sticking with it (but please get in touch if you have other ideas!) Yet in other situations, negative hippocampal responses have been observed during conditions in which, based on lesion and electrophysiological studies, one might expect the hippocampus to activate. For instance, a recent study observed hippocampal deactivation during landmark-based spatial memory retrieval 11. In this case, as the authors propose, the task-induced deactivation just might reflect neural activation. Of course, we can't simply choose a preferred explanation at whim that best supports our hypothesis. Au contraire, carefully considering the complicated nature of the hippocampal BOLD response might help expand our too-often blob-centric minds, and set a framework from some pretty awesome multi-modal hypothesis testing. Science isn't supposed to be easy, but it can still be fun. Now, who else is eager to go crazy with some hippocampal calibrated fMRI and depth recordings? 1. Logothetis NK & Wandell BA. 2004. Interpreting the BOLD signal. Annu Rev Physiol 66:735-69. 2. Hoge RD et al. 1999. Linear coupling between cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption in activated human cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96:9403-8. 3. Leontiev O et al. 2007. CBF/CMRO2 coupling measured with calibrated BOLD fMRI: sources of bias. Neuroimage. 36:1110-22. 4. Restom K et al. 2008. Calibrated fMRI in the medial temporal lobe during a memory-encoding task. Neuroimage. 40:1495-1502. 5. Borowsky IW & Collins RC. 1989. Metabolic anatomy of brain: a comparison of regional capillary density, glucose metabolism, and enzyme activities. J Comp Neurol. 288:401-13. 6. Schridde U et al. 2008. Negative BOLD with large increases in neuronal activity. Cereb Cortex. 18:1814-27. 7. Reas ET & Brewer JB. 2013a. Effortful retrieval reduces hippocampal activity and impairs incidental encoding. Hippocampus. 23:367-79. 8. Reas ET & Brewer JB. 2013b. Imbalance of incidental encoding across tasks: An explanation for non-memory-related hippocampal activations? J Exp Psych-Gen. 142:1171-9. 9. Reas ET et al. 2011. Search-related suppression of hippocampus and default network activity during associative memory retrieval. Front Hum Neurosci. 5:112. 10. Squire LR et al. 2004. The medial temporal lobe. Annu Rev Neurosci. 27:279-306. 11. Nilsson J et al. 2013. Negative BOLD response in the hippocampus during short-term spatial memory retrieval. J Cogn Neurosci. 25:1358-71. Reas ET, & Brewer JB (2013). Imbalance of incidental encoding across tasks: An explanation for non-memory-related hippocampal activations? Journal of experimental psychology. General, 142 (4), 1171-9 PMID: 23773160 Tagged BOLD, cognitive neuroscience, fMRI, hippocampus, memory, neuroimaging, neuroscience

A woman's work is never done. And a man's (or a woman's) firewood is never done either. Once again, I am three months late filling the shed, having missed a vital summer of airing and drying. The weather dial has been set back on to "dark grey" and "downpour". While a few days soak on your freshly cut logs does help dry out the sap, you do not want to leave your seasoning wood in the rain through a winter. You want a sun-facing shed, with some clear roof and wall panels. Better still,wall with gaps or slats to let the drying breeze through the stack. Split your logs green as it's easier. If you're getting a bit past it, logsplitters are amazing. They even do the gnarly ones. This year I am sacrificing poorly shaped, ten to twenty year old macrocarpas, lusitanicas, Lawsons and the odd blackwood. Some nitens have died standing there which is handy, like a vertically stored woodstack. You can harvest it after about three years (earlier for a pine or it will just be bug-riddled fluff) and throw the split rounds straight on the fire after a few weeks lying around in a pile. The green Lawson Cypress smells amazing as I cut and split it with the axe. A real refreshing, cedar-oil scent. It splits easily, and though it may seem a waste, these were the trees with kinks and bulges that weren't going to be good timber logs. The good ones I remember to leave growing - so don't cut them down for firewood. Same goes for any cypress gum etc with a straight trunk up to 6 metres: it will be worth far more as timber later on. For quick turnaround, the reliable coppice trees that burn well, grow fast, and grow BACK, when cut, are: Eucalyptus ovata; Eucalyptus fastigata, Alders (Alnus), and willows (Salix). You coud plant a firewood area with these and take a continuous harvest of small diameter wood, easily cut with a small chainsaw. Just tidying up your wee plantation will yield a good load of combustible material. Trees among your forestry block that grow fast, burn well, but don't grow back, are: Pines, Macrocarpas, Lusitanicas, Leyland cypress, Lawson cypress, any other gums eg Eucalyptus nitens, Ash (Fraxinus), native firewoods like Kamahi (Birch). You may need larger saws and the assistance of young folk to deal with the larger rounds. But they sure fill up the woodshed. Call it "Rugby Training" or "Karate Practice". If that doesn't work, pay them $20 an hour and call it Work Experience. Pohutukawa, Totara, Apple. An interesting forestry combination! But it ain't gonna happen. Relatively fast firewood for cold mountain locations can be grown from Larch, Silver Birch, and Douglas Fir. But check local rules about verboten tree types.

In this edition of the championship there have been very few surprise results and the game between newcomer Thomas Connors 3d (Belgium) and veteran Pal Balogh 6d (Hungary) concluded as forecast with a win for Balogh, the strongest player on paper. Diagram 1 shows the final board position. Balogh (White) has a clear territorial advantage and with move 140 threatens to cut the marked Black stones at A or B, forcing Black's resignation (click here for the sgf file). White's territorial advantage materialised mainly due to some errors in the direction of play committed by the Belgian. Diagram 2 shows the final stage of the fuseki. Black should have played 3 at 4, which is the key point for both players on the border of their areas of ​​influence. – Ranka, with game comments by Hong Seok Ui 1p (in pectore) (click here for the sgf file).

Do Crime and Meth addiction have to rise in Geelong? Economically, the end of aluminium smelting and car-making in Geelong makes sense. Both are low-wage, dead-end industries propped up by government subsidies. They subtract from our net welfare, as a nation. That's the meta view. The view from space. You don't need to be a social scientist to know that when industries close down, disadvantage gets concentrated. I wrote about this recently in the context of another Australian city, in this post: Detroitelaide. Bruce Springsteen's whole career is built on reflecting the suffering of the US rustbelt, where manufacturing's long decline has hurt generation after generation. Bruce's songs resonate because these stories are real. I have Springsteen on the brain but you don't need to look as far as New Jersey to find pockets of suffering due to declining employment. Methamphetamine is an issue, and crimes against the person are the highest in the state. Access to the internet was recorded in just 68 per cent of homes at the most recent census. The Valley has lower educational attainment than the rest of regional Victoria. 20 per cent of the population smoke daily, compared to 16 per cent nationwide. Unemployment in December was 9.2 per cent in Gippsland compared to 6 per cent in Victoria at large. So the citizens of Geelong must be worried. To lose Ford in 2017 was going to be hard enough. Will the 800 jobs at Alcoa prove critical? Luckily, Geelong is a much bigger city than any of the towns in the Latrobe Valley. It has a university, a football team, an airport and a burgeoning market for tourism. The Government is likely to tip in money. There is a Geelong Investment and Innovation fund worth $25 million. Labor is agitating for that to increase to $100 million. But even with that money Geelong will need to work very very hard or else its major export might end up being suffering. And singer-songwriters playing poignant minor-key rock anthems about it. Previous Previous post: Hate the Porsche Cayenne? You'll feel sick when you hear about the Lamborghini SUV.

Nidderdale is the long dale of the River Nidd running from Great Whernside towards the Vale of York, a wild gritstone landscape with moorland to the west and a pastoral landscape to the east. Reservoirs such as Gouthwaite and Scar House are a distinctive feature of the dale and their stories are told at the Nidderdale Museum. Sandstone crags and tors punctuate the landscape – visitors love to marvel at the curious shapes of Brimham Rocks. Spectacular views across the dale reward those who take the short walk up to the Coldstones Cut, Yorkshire's largest public artwork. Nidderdale is home to internationally important species of bird such as golden plover and merlin. It includes the World Heritage Site at Fountains Abbey & Studley Royal, a vast estate comprising the largest abbey ruins in the country, a deer park and a Georgian water garden designed by John Aislabie. The Aislabie connection continues at nearby Hackfall where his son William designed a woodland garden complete with follies, waterfalls and a fountain. Traditional hamlets and villages, such as Middlesmoor and Lofthouse, are scattered throughout Nidderdale, some on old drovers' roads snaking over the moor. At Nidderdale's heart is the small town of Pateley Bridge which winds its way up the hill and is renowned for shops selling local produce and The Oldest Sweet Shop in England! This is a great place to stop and buy local food before a trip 'up dale'. Towards the top of the dale you'll find some remarkable attractions: How Stean Gorge; and the Studfold Adventure Trail, established on land farmed by 16 generations of the same family. Explore the Yorkshire Dales Explore Nidderdale

Motor vehicles and trailers are subject to periodic testing. Major technical modifications have to be inspected in addition to the periodic test. This testing takes place at different intervals (one to five years) depending on the type and age of your vehicle. You will receive written notice from your canton's road traffic office when your vehicle's test is due. You can have your vehicle tested before its periodic test is due. This can be useful if you are considering selling it. You must report significant modifications to the vehicle to your canton's road traffic office within 14 days and have the vehicle tested before you can continue to use it. For more information contact your canton's road traffic office. Imported vehicles also have to undergo testing before they are allowed on the road. In the case of new cars there is no test, but a check is made to ensure that the paperwork and vehicle are in order.

This is really special: we have very close contact to more than a dozen families who will be your host for one weekend. This is Simon. In his Village Kwembago they nickname him "Murinho" for he is the coach of the local football team. With him are his wife Neema, his younger brother Kassim, his son Daniel and his little daughter Prisca. They have a nice house, a large vegetable garden and their own cow. Simon runs his own tour guiding business. And on occasions he and his family are host to a Kiswahili student who gets the opportunity to spend some days away from the hotel and experience authentic family life. This is not only for practicing Kiswahili, this is for developing a clearer view of what it's like living in the Usambara Mountains. It's about culture and way of life, about integrating into a society but at the same time being yourself.

Newly Rich Chinese Tourists Flock To Australia Chinese tourists are flocking to Australia like never before. About 300,000 made the journey last year. That figure is expected to triple within five years, and Australia's multi-billion dollar travel industry is eagerly cashing in. Australia has spent a fortune trying to attract more tourists from overseas. The signs are good. In the first half of this year, overall figures were up by five percent. But it is the strength of the Chinese market that has the industry buzzing. The number of visitors from China has risen by 20 percent. No so long ago, China was one of the poorest countries in the world. Now, the country is rich, and so are a lot of its one-point-three billion people. For the first time in history, there is a Chinese middle class. They have money to burn, and like the Japanese, South Koreans and Taiwanese before them, they are rushing to see the world. The authorities in Beijing have played their part, by adding Australia to a list of countries approved for Chinese group travel. John O'Neill, the head of Tourism New South Wales, says the boom is likely to continue. "We recently hosted the head of the China National Tourism Authority to Sydney, and he visited other parts of Australia, and we talked about what sort of numbers we might expect when, and he said, 'Look, by 2012 we expect that you'll be receiving more than a million Chinese each and every year?'" Henry Heung, a Chinese businessman, runs a travel agency in Sydney. He says business is very good. "It's strong and the number is gradually increasing every month and every year, so we're looking very optimistic on the Chinese market. Probably it's going to last for quite some time." Last year, about 300 thousand Chinese visited Australia, a reflection of China's exceptional economic growth. Australia is a lengthy plane ride from Chinese cities, and tickets are not cheap. A round-trip flight will cost around 12,00 dollars, considerably higher than the average Chinese monthly salary, and having a good time can be expensive. The two major attractions here for Chinese visitors are shopping and restaurants. Sydney has a vibrant Chinatown to make the visitors feel at home, and there are thriving expatriate Chinese communities all over the country. The food in Sydney is considered to be of a high standard. But this young traveler has his own list of things to experience, and they are not all Chinese. "My name is Chow Sun, yeah, I come from China and I in Sydney. Sydney - very good, beautiful. Australian people is very good, yeah, very well. I like a little food. Chocolate is very good, and cake." Chinese holiday-makers are not afraid to spend their money here, on chocolate or cake or anything else. They are - along with British and South Korean visitors - the biggest spenders. Adaptation of Mercer's report in Burmese (Realplayer) - Download 901k.

Published: Nov. 30, 2015 at 08:51 a.m. Updated: Nov. 30, 2015 at 05:36 p.m. In the blowing snow of Mile High, Brock Osweiler got pummeled time after time by New England Patriots defenders and his receivers dropped pass after pass. Yet in just the second start of his career, the Denver Broncos quarterback made the plays to defeat the undefeated. "He looked like a seasoned vet out there," linebacker Brandon Marshall said, via the team's official website. "Brock is taking strides well and (coach Gary) Kubiak has done a great job with him. The guy looks like he's been here before and he's doing well." His stats aren't eye popping -- 23-of-42 passing for 270 yards, one touchdown and one interception -- but the young quarterback was able to stretch the defense and made some pinpoint throws when he needed them late, including the go-ahead touchdown in the final minutes of regulation. Given than his No. 1 receiver didn't help him out until the final drive of the fourth quarter (Demaryius Thomas: one catch on 12 targets), it's a wonder Osweiler played as well as he did. The Broncos' running game aided the 25-year-old quarterback, with the tandem of C.J. Anderson and Ronnie Hillman galloping for 172 yards. Osweiler even showed some veteran savvy on the game-winning 48-yard touchdown run in overtime. "We were trying to run the ball (to the) weak (side)," Osweiler said. "They gave us a specific defensive front that we can't run that ball into, so I checked to our second play that we called in our huddle. The line did a hell of a job and C.J. did the rest." While it's not a shock for a quarterback to make a check, it does speak to Osweiler's ability to run the offense. Not all quarterback's in their second start are given the liberty to make checks. He also displayed the smarts to get his team in the correct play to set up a score. Osweiler's confidence and command spilled over to his teammates. "This is only his second start, and he's very emotional. He's pumping the team up," receiver Andre Caldwell said. "You can't help but follow a guy like that -- someone who always believes and is confident in himself." Now that the young quarterback showed he can make plays in tough situations, the Broncos coaching staff can let Peyton Manning take as long as he needs to heal. Maybe longer than he needs.

This product is an oil-based gel stain and topcoat in one. There is no need to sand between coats, It is easier to apply than traditional penetrating stains. It cleans up with paint thinner, and can be applied to some extent over existing finishes.

Wilking Law Firm is committed to protecting the rights of employees in the workplace. Attorney Leo F.J. Wilking can work for your best interests in civil litigation and civil mediation cases in North Dakota. With more than 25 years of litigation experience in state and federal courts, Attorney Leo F.J. Wilking will aggressively advocate your claim and seek the compensation you deserve. Providing counsel and representation for clients in employment law, wrongful death, legal malpractice, and business disputes, Mr. Wilking has a breadth of legal knowledge and isn't afraid to stand up to employers and insurance companies. As a former assistant attorney general for the North Dakota State Tax Department, and a former special assistant attorney general for North Dakota Workforce Safety & Insurance, Mr. Wilking also has extensive experience with administrative hearings if your case must be heard by an administrative agency before you have the opportunity to go to court. The Wilking Law Firm practice approaches every case with a commitment to gaining a thorough understanding of all aspects of the situation and to lay out the best options for your particular case. Mr. Wilking analyzes the merits of your case, looking to reduce the time and expense of litigation. You will know after your first meeting if you have a valid claim to take action on and how the law firm can help you to best resolve your claim. Attorney Leo F.J. Wilking has represented both plaintiffs and defendants in a wide variety of cases. He knows from experience that no matter how strongly a party to a case believes the evidence and law point to a certain outcome, it is impossible to predict what a judge or jury will do at trial. Mediation gives the parties more control over the outcome of their dispute than they will have in a trial. In addition, mediation avoids the time and expense associated with protracted litigation. In a fair, objective and neutral manner, Mr. Wilking will help you analyze the strengths and weaknesses of your case and assist the parties in reaching a mutually acceptable resolution. Wilking Law Firm is conveniently located in the 32nd Center opposite the main entrance to Essentia Health on 32nd Avenue South in Fargo.

Come together: The London Soul will play Beatles songs for kids at Brooklyn Bowl on March 8. Unbought and unbossed: Learn about Shirley Chisholm and other powerful women at the Brooklyn Historical Society on March 11. Under the sea: Author Mark Adams will chat about Atlantis with comedian John Hodgman at Word bookstore on March 10. Protect your nuts, guys. At Videology's Van Damme Fight Night, comedians will announce Jean Claude Van Damme fight scenes as if they were real bouts, and you can cheer for the Muscles From Brussels (even though you know who wins). There will also be Van Damme trivia and a tight-pants high-kick competition. 11 pm at Videology [308 Bedford Ave. between South First and South Second streets in Williamsburg, (718) 782–3468, www.videology.info]. Free. The Show/Tell Show is just like elementary school show and tell, but with booze, prizes, comedy, and far more cursing. Which is to say: way, way better. Bring something weird to talk about and you could win $20, or just see other people share their crazy possessions and stories, plus stand-up sets from comedians. 8 pm at Over the Eight (594 Union Ave. at Richardson Street in Williamsburg, www.overtheeight.com). Free. It is never too early to indoctrinate your children into loving the Beatles. At Beatles for Little Rockers, kids 10 and under learn to rock out to tunes from the greatest band of all time — as played by duo the London Souls — and complete a magical mystery art activity. Don't worry, it'll be years before they start questioning what "Lucy in the Sky With Diamonds" is really about. 11:30 am at Brooklyn Bowl [61 Wythe Ave. between N. 11th and N. 12th streets in Williamsburg, (718) 963–3369, www.brooklynbowl.com]. $10. Meet the man behind the myth. History-loving author Mark Adams will be at Word bookstore to talk to comedian John Hodgman about his new book "Meet Me in Atlantis," in which he tracks down people attempting to track down the fictional (or is it? [yes, it is]) city of Atlantis. 7 pm at Word [126 Franklin St. at Milton Street in Greenpoint, (718) 838–0096, www.wordbookstores.com]. Free. Sisters have been doin' it for themselves for a long time. It is Women's History Month and the Brooklyn Historical Society is celebrating some important ladies from the 19th century to today with a discussion of women and power. Panelists will include experts on Catherine Beecher, Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, Angela Davis, and Brooklyn's own Shirley Chisholm. 6:30 pm at Brooklyn Historical Society [128 Pierrpont St. at Clinton Street in Brooklyn Heights, (718) 222–4111, www.brooklynhistory.org]. Free.

13. Mar. 2014 Comics Movies Today is a very special episode of my column. It is an after school special of sorts, dealing with a serious topic. Mainly because I hadn't thought of anything, and the following happened to hearken back to something I had thought about touching on in a previous column. The Minnesota-based company Target (who should have fired all their PR people months ago) has yet another notch on the belt they've been using to beat society lately. On the heels of data theft (which I really don't blame them for), layoffs, and all around crappy management of those issues, Target has added a Photoshop scandal to the mix. It seems that the retailer thought it best to alter the image on a product featured on the company website. The image was for a swimsuit and the alteration made the model look as though the gap between her legs could house a small family of beavers (pun intended). Needless to say, though I will, someone saw it and the image spread like wildfire across the Interweb. Target had the image removed, but not before it had become controversial. You know, the usual stuff about women and their self-esteem. Though, the truly upsetting aspect to most people was the mess about the swimsuit being in the JUNIORS department. So not only were there doctored photos of a female with enough room for a kayak in her crotch, but the female is supposed to be in junior-sized clothing. Meaning she herself is an age fitting that apparel. And the people already don't like an idealized, unreachable body image put forth to shame women, but now it's geared toward impressionable young girls. The Bullseye missed the mark on that one (puns!). [Here's a link to an actual news story about the whole thing.] That brings us to our little world, and the sweet, innocent (or ignorant) nerds who occupy it, asking what all this fuss over canyon crotch has to do with us. It is a double-edged sword, this here issue, putting nerds in the role of both victim and culprit. We geeks, as accepting and tolerant as we are (a fairly natural disposition I will write on in the future), can also be the most critical. The issue of body image is a very relevant one in the world of nerds, especially in comic books. While the work of many popular artists is fantastic to look at, it doesn't exactly represent the reality of a human being's anatomy. One argument in the favor of the artist and others involved in comics is that these characters are not normal human beings. We have everything from an alien from the planet Krypton to mutants of all shapes and tail sizes. This, however, leads to two problems. The first is the very reason many nerds are so into escapist entertainment- our insecurities about ourselves. While we feel as though our love handles can be used as floatation devices, and our asses are the best thing to land on in case of a fall, we are escaping to a world of ideal people and situations that can also have that affect on our psyche just as much as our peers. Superman might stand for truth, justice and the American way, but he's buff and we are sad and flabby (which is getting to be the REAL American way). The second problem is that when these properties are adapted from comic books to other mediums, such as television or film, the fans of said characters are extremely critical. Though, I do want to be very specific here, because it is a very fine line that ends up getting nerds into a kettle's worth of hot water. Complaints about casting of certain actors as certain characters are NOT a reflection of any nerd's views on the demographic from which the actor comes. It is instead a reflection of many fans' strict adherence to source material. However, this often gets confused as something it isn't. Two really big examples in the last six months have emerged that illustrate just that point. The first, and one I had planned to touch on when I first started writing these, deals with Wonder Woman in the sequel to Man of Steel. The very fact that the character has to join the ranks of a seemingly ever-growing cast of heroes aside, the casting of the Amazonian goddess is what I want to focus on. It was announced that WW would be played by an actress named Gal Gadot. She has done a few projects, but her most notable contribution to film is the Fast and Furious franchise. I've seen all but one of those movies, and have seen Gadot's photo in articles about her WW casting, but couldn't for the life of me pick her out of a lineup. Other nerds very well could, and have picked apart her casting in the Supes sequel since day one. They have called her too skinny, short, and other things that are contrary to the normal vision in the collective conscious of what WW should look like. All in all, the nerd community at large has treated this actress with the near vitriol they welcomed Affleck with when he was announced as Batman. I found the whole thing funny, too, for superficial reasons. As the stereotype of a nerd is an overweight, pimply-faced, antisocial reject who lives in his/her mother's basement, I had to wonder what would give such a creature the gall to attack a woman based on her appearance. My first inclination was that she was hot, and the representation of a female that some X-Box playing trolls could never bag or ever be. But then I remembered the history of comic book movies, and how the smallest changes can incense a fan base. Whether it's leather uniforms for the X-Men or organic web shooters for Spidey (neither I minded), nerds hate change. They even bitched when Laurence Fishburne was cast as Perry White in Man of Steel. I though that was great, actually, as I'd already decided black actor Delroy Lindo would have been awesome in the same role. Another recent casting that changed the racial identity of a character came in the form of Michael B Jordan as Johnny Storm, a.k.a. the Human Torch, in the Fantastic Four reboot coming from Fox. Jordan got the gig from what I understand, because he was in the movie Chronicle by the same director as the FF reboot. But of course nerds had to put their nerdy feet in their nerdy mouths and cry foul. Thanks for getting us labeled racists, you a-holes. However, this is also a case of mistaken ignorance. If you read the comments on message boards and whatnot, you get the obvious morons who just hate black people, but you also get the real reason nerds don't like the casting. First, most nerds don't like anyone cast in the movie so far. Second, Sue Storm is white and she and Johnny are supposed to be siblings (leading some to believe adoption or a mixed family unit is in the cards- pointing to the greater issue of how much Fox is deviating from the source material). Third, and the most given answer? Survey says…he's not black in the comic. People with other publications have tried to reconcile the nerd sentiment with the rest of society, and have kind of failed. They have pointed to the character of Nick Fury, who was traditionally white, but changed to a Samuel L Jackson-like black man when Marvel created the Ultimate universe in their books. Jackson was later cast in the role when Fury appeared on screen in the first Iron Man, and people celebrated. The attempt to justify the difference was that there was no Johnny Storm who had ever been black. If he had been black in the Ultimate universe or the even newer, shinier NOW universe, nerds would be more accepting of Jordan's casting. To that I say nay. Nay, I say. The truth was, Nick Fury had turned into kind of a wuss and needed revamping. And there ain't no bigger badass as Sam Jackson. Plus, people complained about the change in the comics, too, though not as much as these recent casting announcements. This is a discussion that could go on and on, but frankly I'm getting tired. Literally, my eyes are strained and I want to fall asleep. So what I'm saying, if I'm saying anything at all, is can't we all just get along? Nerds need to let go of their preconceived notions of characters in the world of fantasy. If WW is a truly Amazonian goddess, she wouldn't need her strength to be derived from physical muscle alone (and would you really want someone like Chyna to play the part?). And who cares if Johnny Storm is black? He'll be on fire half the time, anyway, and black or white won't matter. Fire is orange, dammit, no matter who's on fire. Comics have always been on the cutting edge of pushing the envelope of social tolerance (remember when Lois Lane was black for an issue?), and if Johnny and Sue are part of a mixed race or adoption friendly family in the new movie, great. So let it go, nerds. Then maybe we won't have to worry about how a dumbass photo on a website makes somebody feel because they'll have learned shit like that doesn't matter. Comic Book Movies Contributor-Adam Adam is a sweet and loveable nerd residing in Minneapolis. But don't hold that against him. Hasta La Vista Timeline The biggest question for Terminator: Genisys was whether or not it would be more Judgement Day, and less Salvation. The difference between two films in the same franchise is more than just screenwriters and directors, and twenty years. I don't know that I could trust anyone who says they'd rather watch T4 over T2. There's… The Merry Marvel Money-Making Society I have a correction, and if what my girlfriend says about me admitting my mistakes is right then this is momentous indeed. Last week I said something about Captain America: The Winter Soldier being the first Marvel Studios sequel to not be denoted by a number. That was wrong, and I am stupid. Goodbye credibility…Anyway,… Soldiering On **Disclaimer** I wrote this earlier in the week, folks, before I knew I'd be seeing Captain America: The Winter Soldier a whole day early. That's right, I saw it Wednesday! Na-Na-Na-Naboo-Boo! Though, I left the following column alone as it was- a pre-viewing piece. Happily, I can say with great certainty that just about… The Lovers, the Dreamers, and Moi It's very funny to me how so many things can converge coincidentally during one span of time, so much so that they prompt me to change the subject matter of these little ditties I write. This week is quite possibly the most serendipitous of all the instances thus far, and I couldn't be more happy… Thank you for writing this, I think there is a lot of unnecessary nerd hate around certain casting decisions like Gal Gadot, Michael B. Jordan and Ben Affleck. However, I do think it's up to us to call Hollywood on it's whitewashing, like Rooney Mara being cast as Tiger Lily in the upcoming Peter Pan remake, or Michael Fassbender playing Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad in the Assassins Creed movie. "Fire is orange, dammit, no matter who's on fire." <-Made me laugh. I totally get where you're coming from Adam. And in many ways, I agree with you. Other recent arguments: changing the gender or race of the Doctor (geez, that was huge this past summer), Judi Dench portraying M and Idris Elba possibly becoming James Bond (which I'm totally down with). At the same time, Amy Adams having red hair rather than brown/black in Man Of Steel annoyed me. I think it was because her role overall annoyed me and it was sort of the icing on the cake. And if actors can starve themselves for a role, what's a little Clairol dye? I suppose, my nerd rants are on a case-by-case basis. But I think the argument could be made that, if Hollywood wants to make a film about a comic, why deviate from the comic? If Hollywood wants to change so much, why not create an original piece using the elements they want to use? (as original as possible in this day and age) And if you're [population in general] okay with a white character being cast with a black actor, why is not okay to cast a Native American character with a white actor (as Beth points out in the previous comment)? Personally, I'd much rather see a Native American in the role too. Diversity is interesting. But in line with your train of thought – I too sometimes get tired of the nerd ranting. Frankly, it's exhausting. But I can't say I'm never guilty of it. Just gonna leave this here: http://thisfeliciaday.tumblr.com/post/79718617942/tiger-lily-doesnt-equal-human-torch-plus-a-very-long Next ArticleAnd Now Kiss: An Introduction to Shipping

What is the relationship between popular and unpopular culture? Put another way, how does one song become a chart success and others do not? Tara talks about Ron Sexsmith's career and his new release Long Player Late Bloomer to explore how great music can become popular music.

There are two distinct categories of practical methods for measuring temperature of a building component: contact, and non-contact. Contact temperature measurements allow the researcher to measure the temperature of the body (solid, liquid, or gas) immediately adjacent to the instrument. Care is needed in many cases to prevent heat transfer from other nearby bodies from affecting the measurement. A non-contact measurement relies on remote means to determine temperature. The primary buildings tool is an infrared (IR) camera. Non-contact measurements rely on radiant emissions from a body to infer its temperature. Infrared thermography is the most common used in building applications. The table below summarizes some basic characteristics of the temperature measurement devices most commonly used in buildings research. Pricing for temperature sensors depends strongly on sensor packaging and cabling terminations. Thermocouple sensors that do not require protection (e.g. when used for air temperature measurement) can be fabricated by soldering or brazing the two wires together to form a junction. Resistance Temperature Detectors, or RTDs, are an alternative to a thermocouple where accuracy and repeatability are of highest importance. A thermistor is a temperature measuring device, composed of a resistor whose resistance changes with temperature. Infrared (IR) imaging, or thermography, is a useful diagnostic tool. All materials emit infrared radiation at levels dependent on their temperature. An IR camera is able to capture this radiation in the same way a standard camera captures visible light. Sometimes making temperature measurements can be a challenge. Thermocouple measurements can be biased due to undesired heat transfer effects (i.e. a nearby hot surface). Further, a thermocouple only measures at one point in space. To get around these limitations, you can use an aspirated shield. This assembly is useful for protecting sensors while measuring outdoor temperature or estimating a room's average air temperature.

Whārangi 5. Fish of the open sea floor John dory Red cod Blue moki Juvenile turbot Tarakihi school Fish that live on or near the sea floor are known as demersal. They occupy different habitats – open sea floor (consisting of sand, gravel, mud) or rocky sea floor. Those on the open sea floor can be divided into northern, southern and New Zealand-wide groups. Northern species This mid-water predator (Zeus faber) can hardly be seen front-on because it is so thin. However, from the side the John dory looks quite large. Distracting its prey with an eye-shaped spot on its side, it scoops up the hapless creature in its large, protrusible mouth. The species is widespread north of Cook Strait and occupies a variety of habitats, from sandy sea floor through to reefs. Porae The bluish-green porae (Nemadactylus douglasii) grows to 70 centimetres and is found in northern waters over reefs and sand or gravel bottoms. Porae are long-lived – large fish may be up to 30 years of age. They freely take bait and put up a good fight, yielding palatable white flesh. Southern species This commercial fish (Pseudophycis bachus) is often seen laid on ice in fish shops. It is restricted to New Zealand and southern Australia, and more common along the South Island's east coast, where large schools form over sand and muddy bottoms. The cod uses a barbel (fleshy filament) on the lower jaw to detect prey buried in mud or sand. The blue moki (Latridopsis ciliaris) is found throughout New Zealand but is more common in the south, especially on the east coast in depths of 20–100 metres. They feed on a wide range of crabs, shellfish and worms on the sea floor. This is a commercially significant species. A rather ugly species, the monkfish (Kathetostoma giganteum) looks a bit like a bulldog. Also known as a giant stargazer, it is caught commercially and has firm, tasty flesh. While widespread in New Zealand waters, it is more common around the South Island. Using well-developed pectoral fins it burrows into the sea floor, grabbing fish with its large mouth. Turbot and brill These brownish-green flatfish resemble flounder and sole, and are taken by coastal trawlers. The turbot (Colistium nudipinnis) has dark blotches, while the brill (Colistium guntheri) is mottled. Both are endemic to New Zealand, and very good eating. Widespread species Tarakihi The tarakihi (Nemadactylus macropterus) is found throughout New Zealand. It feeds below 25 metres, scavenging worms, crabs, brittle stars and shellfish from the bottom. At night it rests on the sea floor, where its colouring becomes blotchy. This species also occurs in southern Australia where it is known as morwong. Last gasps Recreational anglers know the tarakihi well – when lifted from the water it often squeaks as air is expelled from its air bladder. Red gurnard often grunt when they are captured. From the mid-1940s the annual commercial catch was around 4,000–6,000 tonnes, but this has declined. Red gurnard The red gurnard (Chelidonichthys kumu) is found in fairly shallow water to depths of around 180 metres. It also occurs off southern Australia and South Africa. Red gurnard feed on crustaceans such as small crabs and shrimps. Their large pectoral fins rest on the bottom and are used to detect food. Shallow coastal trawlers have exploited the gurnard since the 1930s, and by the 1970s it was the fourth most important coastal species. Ki mua Tō muri mai: Whārangi 6. Widespread fish of the rocky sea floor Whai muri Carl Walrond, 'Coastal fish - Fish of the open sea floor', Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/mi/coastal-fish/page-5 (accessed 22 January 2022)

Country living at its finest, yet only a few minutes to downtown paso robles and easy access to award winning local wineries! Beautiful single level gated rancho salinas home on 2+ acres. The home features 3 roomy bedrooms plus office with 3 full baths in over 3000 sq ft of living space. Beautiful tile floors welcome you as you enter the open living room then accented with hard wood floors on both sides; master bedroom, kitchen and family room. The exquisitely designed master suite includes granite fire place with raised hearth, his and her walk in closets as well as oversize walk in tiled shower, jetted spa tub and separate dual sinks. Enjoy relaxing in the family room near the fireplace after a nice dinner prepared in the spacious kitchen with walk in pantry. The formal dining room is comfortable for all family meals. Low maintenance yard and landscaping. The meandering driveway leads to the 3 car garage with new epoxy flooring. All this in a fenced, quiet, neighborhood community, nestled up against oak studded pastures bring the family,pets,animals etc for luxurious, stress free country living! This highly useable agriculturally zoned property consists of 19+ acres, two metal shops, and three dwellings. Its located perfectly, with a short 5-minute drive to town but in a serene country setting of beautiful oaks and rolling hills. First of the three homes is a 1973 manufactured home that has been well maintained and has 2 bedrooms, 2 bathrooms, totaling 1,060 sq. Ft. Next is an adorable 864 sq. Ft. Stick built home with 3 bedrooms and 2 bathrooms. And the third is a 1982 manufactured home with 2 bedrooms 2 bathrooms totaling 2,160 sq. Sf. All three dwellings are a comfortable distance apart and are on separate power meters. This beautiful property boasts a large roadside 10+/- acre pasture with a large chicken coup. The owner is willing to negotiate property maintenance items such as tractor, lawn mower, wood shop, ect. This property is blooming with abundant possibility.

The second installment of the "Tribes Most Foul"-series is 14 pages long, 1 page front cover, 1 page advertisement, 2 pages of editorial, 1 page ToC/foreword, 1 page advice on how to read statblocks, 1 page SRD and 1 page back cover, leaving us with 6 pages of content, so let's take a look, shall we? As the first installment in the series, this one introduces us to new tribes, 3 to be precise. The first of these are the orcs of the bear's hide – more in touch with serenity and calmer, but no less aggressive, these orcs coexist with owlbears and their less magical kin and we also get a full tribal roster, a lore section and fluff writ-ups of 3 notable NPCs – two of which get statblocks: The barbarian 7 Thalgas and the tribe's mascot advanced owlbear Groot – oh, have I mentioned their potential leadership conflict or the fact, how they are slowly trying to expand their territory. The second tribe would be the Orcs of the Shattered Shield – created from the remnants of a vanquished orcish horde, these survivors of failure have learned stealth the very hardest way and their ramshackle, different customs have blended together in a strange amalgam. And, having their genesis in war, are better equipped than one would expect from an orcish tribe. We again get a lore-section, a tribal roster and 4 fluff write-ups as well as the leader Maurg, a barbarian 2/fighter 2/rogue 1 build – nice when story is reflected in builds like this. The final tribe then are the orcs of the silvered backs – and oh boy are they awesome. The first two tribes were good – this one oozes iconicity: Led by a savage orcish druid who has installed an awakened dire ape as the leader of the tribe, these orcs are feral throwbacks that would make for great, deadly jungle-style/dark wood adventure, working as a degenerate-seeming throwback of primal savagery. In an age where World of Warcraft has made the perception of orcs more civilized, this one brings the fear back – I love it! The tribe also comes with its tribal roster – including two fluff write-ups, a lore section and the statblock for the awakened dire ape ranger/barbarian. Editing and formatting are top-notch, I didn't notice any glitches. Layout adhere to RSP's 2-column b/w-standard and the pdf comes with nice stock-art that is thematically-fitting. The pdf comes fully bookmarked and in two versions, one of which is optimized for screen-use and one for print-use. Author Ben Kent has created a great supplement with 3 orc tribes that feel distinct from your run-of-the-mill tribes and all come with their own cultural peculiarities, offering us glorious tribes for a very fair price. More unique than the last installment, these orcs provide all killer, no filler content and are well worth 5 stars + seal of approval. You can get these awesome, despicable orcs here on OBS and here on d20pfsrd.com's shop!

One of the trends in painting, which also developed in sculpture, was figurativism. Its main feature was the attempt to imitate all objects in their natural size. This applied both to inanimate objects and living organisms. Figurative painting may be regarded as the reverse to abstractionism. Over the decades art has changed its appearance, deriving from the successive artistic trends depending on location. Figurative painting developed in the United States and Europe. Figurativism developed in the first half of the twentieth century. It was again in good graces, though in a refreshed form, in the seventies. The subjects of figurative paintings was primarily urban life and entertainments of its inhabitants. The pictures show strongly marked contours and intense colors. Artists were not afraid to combine different arrangements. The richness of the composition and controlled chaos in the picture is also characteristic, it forces to reflect on the intention of the author. Figurative painting includes portraits of famous and ordinary people. It is easy to observe a reference to a well-known social motives in the paintings. Above all, figurative art is industrial painting, showing the magnitude of constantly emerging agglomerations. In the second half of the twentieth century, some painters returned to the principles of figurativism. Inner experiences of man was of primary importance. Humans' concerns were presented through a variety of deformities and symbols.

KUALA LUMPUR: The average occupancy rate of retail space in the Klang Valley, which has been falling marginally over the last six years, is now hovering at a five-year low of 86%, said real estate services firm Nawawi Tie Leung [Property Consultants] Sdn Bhd (NTL). This article first appeared in The Edge Financial Daily, on December 6, 2017 and then subsequently posted on theedgemarkets.com. View source here. NTL said competitive demand from real estate investors has continued to drive yield downwards to a current state whereby yield for prime retail and commercial assets are at parity. It added that while the traditional yield gap to reflect different risk profile between office and retail properties has "narrowed or disappeared altogether", it does not provide more diversity of tenants to choose from. "The market share is controlled by limited key players in several subsegments such as hypermarket, supermarket and cinema, and there have been constant mergers and consolidations. "In recent years, we have witnessed a mall closure in Petaling Jaya, and increasing occupancy stress, low footfall and retailers' turnover, in some of the newer [and older] malls, matched by slower or worse, no rental growth and [an] increasing need to provide for tenants' incentives," said NTL. The firm also argued that the retail sector has not benefited from new trends such as urban sprawl, looser planning control, and the rise of the automobile which contributed to the rise of neighbourhood and regional suburban malls. "Some of the newer malls have been struggling to establish market share that is getting more fragmentary and diminishing. "Construction of [the] mass rapid transit network has spurred a wave of transit-oriented developments, and more retail space supply can be expected along the train ride, resulting in overlapping catchments and intensified competition," it added. With the rise of e-commerce, experiential retail and a shift towards an ageing population, NTL suggested that real estate investors may need to re-examine their assumptions on what is "a reasonable entry return" on the retail property segment. "It is and will continue to be very much impacted by the ongoing structural changes in the market, and not a normal supply-demand disequilibrium, that in the past could be resolved through the passage of time, rising affluence and population," the firm said.

Born in 1977 in Mexico City. Influenced by living in different parts in Mexico and United States Almanza Pereda grew interest in how different cultures perceive danger and risk. Almanza's endeavor focus on materiality concepts by challenging objects conceptually and physically in Sculptures and underwater photographs and videos .His work explores the culturally specific paradigms of safety, danger and architecture through the juxtaposition and pairing of materials and objects. These juxtapositions achieve a sense of tension from makeshift environments with specific connotations, such as fragility, value, weight and power. Almanza Pereda has a Master's degree in Arts from Hunter College, New York. He has done solo shows in different institutions like San Francisco Art Institute; Museo El Eco,Mexico City; Art in General New York; Stanley Rubin Center, El Paso TX; College of Wooster Art Museum Ohio. His work has been featured at the Istambul Biennal, ASU Museum; Museo de Arte Moderno, Mexico City; Dublin Contemporary 2011, 6a Bienal de Curitiba Brazil, El Museo del Barrio and the Queens Museum, both in New York. Alejandro has attended the Skowhegan and Bemis Art Residencies program as well as a grant recipient of CIFO Grant Program, the Harpo Foundation, Sistema Nacional de Creadores in México, Harker Award for Interdisciplinary Studies at SFAI, Theodore Randall International Chair in Art and Design at Alfred University and the Black Cube Artist Fellowship. His work was featured in Art 21 close up series. He is currently a member of LA RUBIA TE BESA an Art band project. He lives in Guadalajara Mexico.

We talk about the general tasks of economists, the education program and why the expertise of economists is important for institutions, companies and political decision-makers. One could compare the work of and economist with that of a medical doctor. Whereas the medical doctor examines the health of human beings, economists examine the health of an economic system. Economist give expertise on how to handle shocks (e.g. technological shocks like digital transformation or crisis like the financial crisis, euro-crisis). Moreover, economists understand what the drivers of economic cycles are, evaluate economic constellations and developments. Moreover, Prof. Bofinger gives insights into his work for the Council of German Economic Experts and his function in the commission. The council is nominated by the government but it is functioning politically independent – which is different from other councils, for instance the council of economic advisers in the United States. Independency means that the council is able to criticize the government and government here has no way to interfere with the content of advice and the annual report. At the moment there are huge economic challenges and it's really important for Germany to stay on top of technology to keep first class status. In our talk, Prof. Bofinger claims that here, government should do more to support the efforts of a lot of companies to create new technologies and to stay world market leaders.

layout: page title: "Eliot Hoyt" comments: true description: "blanks" keywords: "Eliot Hoyt,CU,Boulder" --- <head> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.3/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/s/pc42nxpaw1ea4o9/highcharts.js?dl=0"></script> <!-- <script src="../assets/js/highcharts.js"></script> --> <style type="text/css">@font-face { font-family: "Bebas Neue"; src: url(https://www.filehosting.org/file/details/544349/BebasNeue Regular.otf) format("opentype"); } h1.Bebas { font-family: "Bebas Neue", Verdana, Tahoma; } </style> </head> #### TEACHING INFORMATION **College**: Leeds School of Business **Classes taught**: REAL 4820 #### REAL 4820: Topics: Real Estate Development **Terms taught**: Fall 2014, Fall 2015 **Instructor rating**: 5.09 **Standard deviation in instructor rating**: 0.41 **Average grade** (4.0 scale): 3.24 **Standard deviation in grades** (4.0 scale): 0.08 **Average workload** (raw): 2.02 **Standard deviation in workload** (raw): 0.02

35mm Film Scanners 35mm Film History Scanning History How Scanners Work Scanner Types Digital Scanners The Scenery Lethbridge, Alberta to Trutch Mountain, British Columbia Muncho Lake to Yukon Sunset Whitehorse, Yukon to Glenellen, Alaska Anchorage, Alaska to Homer, Alaska Homer, Alaska To Portage Glacier, Alaska Portage Glacier, Alaska to Denali National Park, Alaska Denali, The Mountain Denali to Valdez, Alaska Valdez, Alaska, Northern Lights Eastern Alaska to Canada Arapajo National Recreation Area, Colorado Arches National Park, Utah Beaver's Bend, Oklahoma Bryce Canyon, Utah Caddo Lake, Texas-Louisiana Cane Creek Anticline, Utah City of Rocks, Idaho Cumbres-Toltec Narrow Guage Railroad, Alamosa, Colorado Dead Horse Point, Utah Devil's Tower, Wyoming Flaming Gorge National Recreation Area, Wyoming Flying F Solar Tennis Ranch, Utah The Scenery 2 Glacier National Park, Montana Hole In The Rock, Utah Eastern Iowa – Joinerville Park Lake Superior, Michigan, Ontario Logan, Utah Lost Maples, Texas Monument Valley, Arizona Palo Duro Canyon, Texas Wellsville Mountains, Utah Wind River, Wyoming Backpacking Guide Backpacking – Part 1 – A Plan Backpacking – Part 2 – Equipment Backpacking – Part 3 – Eats Backpacking – Part 4 – Dry run Backpacking – Part 5 – The Hike & Beyond DIY Power DIY Power Station – Part 1 – Generators DIY Power Station – Part 2 – Windmills DIY Power Station – Part 3 – Solar Panels DIY Power Station – Part 4 – Storage DIY Power Station – Part 5 – Controllers DIY Power Station – Part 6 – Inverters DIY Power Station – Part 7 – Dumploads DIY Power Station – Part 8 – Calculations Search Engines + [advps-slideshow optset="4″] The City of Rocks National Reserve, also known as the Silent City of Rocks, is a United States National Reserve and state park lying 2 miles (3.2 km) north of the south central Idaho border with Utah. It is widely known for its excellent rock climbing and rock formations. The rock spires in the City of Rocks and adjacent Castle Rocks State Park are largely composed of granitic rock of the Oligocene Almo pluton and Archean Green Creek Complex. The City of Rocks is a popular rock climbing area, with numerous traditional and bolt-protected routes. In the 1980s, it was home to some of the most difficult routes in the USA, mostly developed by Idaho climber Tony Yaniro.[citation needed] Climbers in the region refer to the area as simply 'The City'. California Trail wagon trains of the 1840s and 1850s left the Raft River valley and traveled through the area and over Granite Pass into Nevada. Names or initials of emigrants written in axle grease are still visible on Register Rock. Ruts from wagon wheels also can be seen in some of the rocks. In 1849, an emigrant party with James Wilkins "encamped at the city of the rocks" on the California Trail just north of the Great Salt Lake Desert. Signatures in axle grease on rock faces can be seen today. One emigrant[who?] saw the distant rocks in August like "water thrown up into the air from numerous artificial hydrants." Beginning in 1843, City of Rocks was a landmark for emigrants on the California Trail and Salt Lake Alternate Trail[3] and later on freight routes and the Kelton, Utah to Boise, Idaho stage route. The area's historical and geological values, scenery, and opportunities for recreation led to its designation as City of Rocks National Reserve in 1988. This unit of the National Park System is managed cooperatively by the National Park Service and the Idaho Department of Parks and Recreation. Native American history[edit] The Shoshone and Bannock tribes hunted the buffalo that once roamed in the City of Rocks area and gathered the nuts of the pinyon pine trees. The arrival of horses in the Americas in the 16th century and swelling European immigration disrupted the Shoshone-Bannock homelands and traditional way of life. They grew to resent the intruders but could do little to stop them. Most emigrants on the California Trail saw no Native Americans, but some of their journals record smoke rising from high hills and the surrounding mountains. In 1826, Peter Skene Ogden and his Snake River brigade of beaver trappers were the first Euro-Americans to note the City of Rocks. Having few beaver, the area was ignored until 1843, when growing streams of wagons began flowing through the area in the summer. City of Rocks National Reserve. After many attempts to find a wagon route to California early California settlers like Joseph B. Chiles and mountain men such as and Joseph R. Walker found the route up the Raft River, through the City of Rocks, over Granite Pass and down a series of streams like Goose creek and Thousand Springs to the Humboldt River. From the junction of the Humboldt near today's Wells, Nevada they could follow the Humboldt west to the Sierra Nevada (U.S.) and on to California. Both Chiles, Walker and later John C. Fremont led settlers over this route. Later wagon parties seldom used guides but followed the tracks of the early pioneer's wagons or the wagons in front of them. By 1850 so many people were on the trail that it it was often like a long traveling village crawling its way to California. Newspapers and independent publishers in the east or mid-west often published emigrant "guides" that could be bought for little money from several different authors by 1850. The City of Rocks and the nearby Granite Pass (Idaho) marked roughly half way to California for the emigrants and their loaded wagons.[4] By 1846, some emigrants headed for Oregon's Willamette Valley also used this route as part of the Applegate Trail. This rugged cutoff was little used in later years. In 1848 Samuel J. Hensley, a pioneer that accompanied Joseph B. Chiles in 1842, [3]:b[5] pioneered the Salt Lake Cutoff from Salt Lake City north of the Great Salt Lake when he traveled east while returning to Missouri. The Salt Lake cutoff rejoined the main California Trail near the City of Rocks.[6] Settlers using the Salt Lake Cutoff traveled about the same number of miles as settlers going by way of Fort Hall and west along the Snake River valley route. In 1852, some 52,000 people passed through the City of Rocks on their way to join the California Gold Rush. When the California Trail was first opened in the 1843, Granite Pass, near City of Rocks provided the pass that allowed a "easy" connection with streams and creeks that provided the needed water and grass for their teams along the way between the Raft River and the Humboldt River. After 1850 the Pass initially became part of Utah Territory,[7] and in 1872 an Idaho-Utah boundary survey error establishing the Utah-Idaho boundary.[8] placed Granite Pass in Idaho Territory. With completion of the first transcontinental railroad in 9 May 1869, the overland wagon routes began to pass into history. However, wagons and stage lines saw continued use on regional supply routes that spread out from the railroad line to cities not on the railway line(s). John Halley's stage route connected the railroad (CPRR) station at Kelton, Utah, with Idaho's mining hub of Boise, Idaho, and supplied the early economic development of Idaho, which won statehood in 1890. The Kelton stage route passed through the City of Rocks, with a stage station set up near the junction of the old California Trail and the Salt Lake Cutoff. Settlers began to homestead the City of Rocks area in the late 19th century. Dryland farming declined during the drought years of the 1920s and 1930s, but ranching survived. Livestock grazing began with early wagon use of the area in the mid-19th century and continues today. Facts and designations The Idaho Legislature declared Section 36 within City of Rocks as a state park under the jurisdiction of the Idaho Lands Board on February 27, 1957. In 1964, a much larger area was designated a national historic landmark. On March 15, 1973, Section 36 was transferred to the Idaho Department of Parks and Recreation from the Department of Lands. The following year, the area was designated a national natural landmark. The National Park Service studied the site in the 1970s and 80s as a proposed national monument. City of Rocks National Reserve was created November 18, 1988 by Public Law 100-696, Arizona-Idaho Conservation Act of 1988. This Act drew a 22-mile (35 km) boundary around 14,407 acres (58.30 km2) owned or managed by the USDA Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, Idaho Department of Parks and Recreation (IDPR), and private individuals. All lands owned by the United States within the Reserve boundaries were placed under the authority of the National Park Service (NPS). Between 1988 and 1996, the Reserve was co-managed by both NPS and IDPR. After the approval of a comprehensive management plan, the NPS officially transferred on-site management of the Reserve to IDPR on May 2, 1996. Today, the park functions under a unique cooperative agreement between the NPS and IDPR. Both agencies allocate partial funding to its operation. City of Rocks National Reserve is visited annually by over 80,000 visitors. The Reserve headquarters is located in the gateway community of Almo. City of Rocks, an extraordinary encirclement of granite rising out of the gently rolling sagebrush country in south-central Idaho, has attracted and intrigued people since they first entered this region. The Shoshone camped here as did the emigrants traveling along the California Trail. One of the reserve's most notable qualities is its large degree of biological diversity concentrated in a relatively small area. The great variety of textures, colors, and shapes in the natural landscape contributes considerably to the reserve's scenic quality. View from within the City of Rocks. Bath Rock in the City of Rocks National Reserve in Idaho State. The landscape of City of Rocks has been sculpted from granite that was intruded into the crust during two widely spaced times. The granite that composes most of the spires is part of the 28 million year old Almo pluton. However, some of the spires are made of granite that is part of the 2.5 billion year old Green Creek Complex that contains some of the oldest rocks in the western United States. The granite has eroded into a fascinating assortment of shapes. City of Rocks was designated a National Reserve, a unit of the National Park Service, in recognition of the nationally significant geological and scenic values of its rock formations and the historical significance of the California Trail. Rock formations in the reserve developed through an erosion process called exfoliation, during which thin rock plates and scales sloughed off along joints in the rocks. The joints, or fractures, resulted from the contraction of the granite as it cooled, from upward expansion of the granite as overlying materials were eroded away, and from regional tectonic stresses. The granite has eroded into a fascinating assortment of shapes as high as 600 feet (180 m). The upper surfaces of many of the rocks are covered with flat-floored weathering pits known as panholes. The most notable panhole is located on top of Bath Rock and is continuously filled with water from rain or snow melt. Animals[edit] Located in the Northern Basin and Range/Snake-Columbia shrub steppe ecoregions and the Raft Watershed[9] of the Upper Snake River Basin, the habitat of the reserve supports a large variety of mammals, birds, reptiles, and invertebrates. * Amphibians – Common amphibians that could be found near water include Boreal Toad, Great Basin Spadefoot Toad, and Northern Leopard Frog. * Birds – The reserve provides excellent breeding and prey habitat for many raptor species including Golden Eagle, Prairie Falcon, Red-tailed Hawk, Northern Harrier, Sharp-shinned Hawk, Cooper's Hawk, American Kestrel, Turkey Vulture, and Great Horned Owl. Swainson's Hawk and Ferruginous Hawk are less abundant in the reserve. Other common bird species includes Sage Grouse, Pinon Jay, Clark's Nutcracker, Common Nighthawk, Rock Doves, Mourning Doves, Cliff Swallow, Mountain Bluebird, Hermit Thrush, Mountain Chickadee, Rock Wren, House Wren, Solitary Vireos, Warbling Vireos, Green-tailed Towhee, Virginia's Warbler, Brewer's Blackbird, and various Sparrows. * Mammals – A partial list of mammals in the reserve includes, Mountain Lion, Mule Deer, Coyote, Bobcat, Badger, Yellow-bellied marmot, Cliff Chipmunk, Mountain Cottontail Rabbit, Black-tailed Jackrabbit, Snowshoe Hare, Northern Grasshopper Mouse, Merriam Shrew, several species of voles, and a variety of bats. Pronghorn and bison were probably common a century ago. * Reptiles – Typical lizard species include the western whiptail, western fence lizard, Long-nosed leopard Lizard, Sagebrush Lizard, and Northern Desert Horned Lizard. Snakes include the Western Rattlesnake, Great Basin Gopher Snake, Striped Whipsnake, and Wandering Garter Snake. The Western Rattlesnake is the only strongly venomed snake found in the reserve. Allium acuminatum is a wild onion found in City of Rocks Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus Notable plant life includes: * The Kruckeberg's sword fern is found in the cool, moist micro-habitats in the granite formations. The fern grows in rock crevices and is normally found at higher elevations than City of Rocks. Primary threats to this species are trampling and or removal by visitors along rockclimbing routes. * Stands of piñon/juniper woodlands are dominated by the single-leaf piñon pine and Utah juniper, interspersed with mountain big sagebrush and curl-leaf mountain mahogany. The pinon seed is edible and gathered by local residents. Higher slopes are covered with mountain big sagebrush, snowberry, serviceberry, and bitterbrush, with other shrubs, grasses, and herbs growing in the openings between shrubs. Groves of aspen, stands of douglas-fir and lodgepole pine, are located on the upper stony / grassy slopes of the reserve. Quaking aspen groves occur in canyons containing streams. Other dominant plants in the City of Rocks National Reserve include: * Piñon / juniper woodlands and forest * Conifer / aspen woodlands and forests * Riparian scrub and herbaceous wetlands * Big sagebrush and grasslands * Mixed scrub * Mountain mahogany scrubs * High elevation meadows * Other unvegetated areas The semi-arid climate is characterized by low to moderate precipitation, great extremes in both daily and seasonal temperatures, and low relative humidity. Average annual precipitation is approximately 14 inches (360 mm) at the lower elevations and 22 inches (560 mm) in the highest areas. Average snow depths for higher elevations range between 35 and 68 inches (1.7 m). Summers are hot and dry with occasional thunderstorms. The reserve is in the southern part of the Albion Mountains, bordered on the east by the Raft River valley and to the north by the Snake River valley. Elevations rise from 5,650 feet (1,720 m) where Circle Creek meets the reserve boundary to 8,867 feet (2,703 m) at the top of Graham Peak to the north. The majority of the soils in the reserve are composed of grus, a coarse angular sand derived from the disintegration of the underlying granitic bedrock. They are highly erodible. Soil erosion is greatest near roads and on steep slopes and intermittent stream channels. Erosion in these areas has formed deep gullies. Some of the exposed soil banks are over 8 feet (2.4 m) high. Controversy[edit] Climbing on the Twin Sisters, a major geological formation in the Reserve, was banned following a NPS decision and later court case involving the Access Fund. The Access Fund asserted that the NPS decision was "arbitrary and capricious," while the NPS claimed that rock climbing on the Twin Sisters disrupted the "historic viewshed" of the California Trail. 27/7°F Weather forecast Paris, Kentucky ▸ Search For A National Park If getting your photography to the wall is a goal then Leonard Peltier Defense Committee Lance Sanders own great site Pull down this menu to Archives Select Month November 2021 October 2021 November 2020 November 2019 October 2019 July 2014 Australia news live update: NSW's deadliest day with 46 Covid deaths including one infant; 20 deaths in Victoria, one in Tas; WA delays reopening by Matilda Boseley on January 21, 2022 at 12:35 am NSW records deadliest pandemic day with 46 Covid deaths and 25,168 cases, including one infant; […] Covid news live: Africa sees cases 'drop significantly'; experts say Australia's Omicron wave 'likely' peaked by Samantha Lock on January 21, 2022 at 12:28 am Scientists say Australia's hardest-hit states are 'probably through the worst' as […] Biden warns Russia will 'pay a heavy price' if Putin launches Ukraine invasion – as it happened by Maanvi Singh (now) and Joan E Greve (earlier) on January 21, 2022 at 12:23 am President clarifies comments from Wednesday on Ukraine-RussiaVolodymyr Zelenskiy criticizes […] Bionic eye implant enables blind UK woman to detect visual signals by Andrew Gregory Health editor on January 21, 2022 at 12:01 am Breakthrough offers hope of restoration of sight to people suffering vision loss because of dry […] Belarus: US charges four government officials with piracy over Ryanair plane diversion by Associated Press on January 20, 2022 at 11:49 pm When the plane landed authorities arrested journalist and activist Raman PratasevichUS prosecutors […] by Julian Borger in Washington on January 20, 2022 at 11:12 pm The clock has been set at that time third year in a row as science and security board says it […] Blizzard claims four attempting to cross US-Canada border by Leyland Cecco in Toronto on January 20, 2022 at 11:12 pm Authorities believe the deaths occurred from exposure to extremely low temperatures reaching up to […] by Kari Paul on January 20, 2022 at 10:26 pm Improved automated drug detection systems and enhanced partnerships with law enforcement are among […] Dozens feared dead after immense explosion rocks western Ghana by Emmanuel Akinwotu and agencies on January 20, 2022 at 9:52 pm The blast, which flattened hundreds of buildings and killed at least 17 people, was the result of a […] Ralph Nader: Biden's First Year Proves He Is Still a "Corporate Socialist" Beholden to Big Business by [email protected] (Democracy Now!) on January 20, 2022 at 1:38 pm As President Biden marks one year in office, we speak with former four-time presidential candidate […] Setback for Democracy: Manchin & Sinema Join Senate Republicans to Block Voting Rights Legislation As President Biden marked one year in office this week, conservative Democratic Senators Joe […] As U.S.-Russia Tensions Escalate over Ukraine, U.S. May Stumble into War, Warns Katrina vanden Heuvel President Biden said Wednesday that Russian President Vladimir Putin will pay a "serious and dear […] Headlines for January 20, 2022 Voting Rights Bill Dies in Senate as Democrats Manchin & Sinema Allow GOP Filibuster, Biden […] Angela Davis on Reissue of Her 1974 Autobiography, Her Editor Toni Morrison, Internationalism & More Activist and scholar Angela Davis has released a new edition of her 1974 autobiography, first […] Scholars Angela Davis, Gina Dent & Beth Richie on Why the World Needs "Abolition. 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Located near Jog Falls, Sharavathi Adventure Camp is a beautiful get away to explore in the Sayhadri range.The area is full of beautiful valleys, rivers and lush green grasslands and forests, all in a beautiful symphony. Sakrebyle Elephant Camp is a forest camp and is devoted to captive elephants.Its a distinctive place for ecotourism as it allows tourists and wildlife enthusiasts to watch, marvel and interact with the elephants here. Bhimgad Adventure Camp, roughly 10 kilometers from Belgaum, is located in Bhimgad Wildlife Sanctuary.Bhimgad Wildlife Sanctuary is perfect to explore the beauty of the western ghats and is popular for the adventure activities. Visit this beautiful Bannerghatta Biological Park located beneath the mesmerising scenery away from the bustle and hustle of city life.Reach the hotel and check in at around 12.30 PM. About the Activity: Make a visit to this beautiful Bannerghatta Biological Park, located amidst the mesmerising scenery, away from the bustle and hustle of city life.Bannerghatta Biological Park is located at about one hour distance and makes for a fantastic day outing. Spreading over 4,102sq.km, Coorg is among the most beautiful and highest visited districts in Karnataka. Embraced by the fascinating beauty of the Western Ghats, this scenic destination is jotted with pictorial hills, lofty mountains, evergreen patches, coffee and aromatic spice plantations. Escape the humdrum of city-life and find yourself a home away from home in the riverside stay! Welcome the afternoon with a tasty homely breakfast.

Learning About Ted Curson - Matthew Stewart Upcoming on the PJP calendar is the Bill Barron/Ted Curson Celebration. This event features a local, all-star band that we named after one of Ted Curson's compositions; Quicksand. The ensemble is lead by Wilmington, Delaware-based trumpeter, Matthew Stewart. A student of trumpeter Donald Byrd, Stewart works with Sonic Liberation Front, and the Wilmington Creative Music Collective. He performed with PJP's Another Holiday For Skins ensemble and participated in Lush Life: Philadelphia Celebrates Billy Strayhorn as part of the OutBeat Jazz festival. Matthew Stewart has also toured the world with the band Streetlight Manifesto and attended New Jersey City University. We spoke with Matthew Stewart about Ted Curson, Donald Byrd and this project, after a recent Quicksand rehearsal. PJP: What encouraged you to do this Ted Curson tribute? Matthew Stewart: Well the thing that interested me the most was I really hadn't seen a tribute show for him. He's such a major player, that's sorta outside of the center echelon of guys, but he's in there. He's still heavy and strong. Yet, you don't see a lot of concerts showcasing his music. So, I was like, "I need to jump on that." A for the learning. But B, for being one of the first to do it. PJP: As a student of Donald Byrd, what have you learned from doing this Ted Curson project? Matthew Stewart: Being a Donald Byrd student and then, coming across the Ted Curson repertoire, you find between those two men, their coming along in a time when the scene is littered with these epic players. Then out of these epic players, you have these guys who are writing these compositions that making themselves as prominent. Meaning basically that you have these players that are like kinda taking up the whole scene, and then, you have these genius men who are kinda creating their own vibes in composition. And Donald Byrd is definitely one of them. Coming out of the Bebop thing with Herbie and Trane. The first cross-over guy is actually Donald Byrd. You know? So, you can see that genius clearly in Ted Curson's music, especially in the songs we're playing on this concert. They start out as Bebop, and then, by the time they end it's just music. It's not Jazz. It's not this or that. It's just music…. American music. And it's clear as day, that Ted Curson and Donald Byrd, even Miles Davis and many trumpet players saw that. They were seeing something bigger than air quotes to the Jazz pantheon. It's like, there's more people to speak for and to with music. So, that's definitely something I saw with those two artists. PJP: What excites you with this project? Matthew Stewart: Well, the thing that excites me is that, Ted Curson's compositions seem like they are purposely constructed to be close to standard and then, not standard at all. And I really love that. I love that about his tunes. Whereas you think you're going to be playing over a certain chord progression and then, it will be completely different. And then instead of the head repeating, it keeps going into a B section. It's exciting. It's exciting music to be able to play and express yourself in a masterful way. Also, the amazing the guys we've got in the group. There's tenor saxophonist, Terry Lawson who works with the Sun Ra Arkestra. He's in the group. Tenor saxophonist and childhood friend of Ted Curson, Sam Reed is in the group. Vocalist, Carol Harris is in the group. Drummer Lamar Prince is in the group. So, most of those people are almost three times my age. Definitely twice my age. So, it's to be able to stand next to them and to get that real sound that you're hearing from them, and then, see what you can do. Can you live up to it? You know? That's the really exciting part… the challenge. Celebrating Bill Barron & Ted Curson Featuring The Makanda Project & Quicksand Friday October 16th, 2015 at 7:30pm American Philosophical Society 427 Chestnut Street Phila., PA 19106 Tickets: $15 in advance/$20 at the door Quicksand: Matthew Stewart - trumpet Ryan Frazier - trumpet Dan Blacksberg - trombone Terry Lawson - tenor sax Tim Brey - piano Sunny Sunkett - bass Lamar Prince - drums Mark Griffith - drums - special guest Carol Harris - vocals - special guest James Solomon - poetry - special guest Sam Reed - tenor sax - special guest Tags : BillBarron-TedCursonCelebration TedCurson Quicksand MatthewStewart DonaldByrd SonicLiberationFront AnotherHolidayForSkins LushLife:PhiladelphiaCelebratesBillyStrayhorn OutBeatJazzFestival AmericanPhilosophicalSociety

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Associate Vice President, HR Community Location: Stanford, California University Human Resources at Stanford University is committed to advancing Stanford's position as the best-led, best-managed university in the world. We support the university's mission by creating and sustaining a culture of excellence and high engagement, fostering innovation and growth, promoting diversity and respect, and supporting the integration of work and life responsibilities. We are seeking an Associate Vice President (AVP), HR Community with responsibility for fostering a highly professional working environment focused on enhancing employee experience and achieving university objectives. Alongside HR leadership, this AVP works closely with central, school and unit HR professionals to drive business objectives and provide guidance and leadership, ensuring excellent service delivery and adherence to leading HR practices, policies, and protocols. This role will catalyze change and focus on strategy in HR, enabling an HR Community that is agile, focused on employees and leadership, and equipped with tools to continuously improve and tailor activities to the needs of client groups This AVP will be responsible for leading a culture in which school and unit HR professionals will continue to champion, support, and drive their departmental business objectives and serve as trusted advisors while being fully knowledgeable of and delivering services in alignment with university-wide HR strategy/priorities/objectives and applicable policies, practices, laws, and regulatory requirements. The AVP, HR Community builds strong relationships with HR leaders across the university and consults with academic and administrative department leaders on key initiatives to ensure alignment and delivery of integrated solutions for HR-related needs. The AVP will leverage extensive, industry-leading expertise with organizational transformation, employee experience, active collaboration, agility, technical excellence, and the ability to successfully partner with and advise senior business leaders and functional HR leads to foster strong employee experiences across Stanford. This individual will introduce and implement innovative HR community programs from concept through delivery and may influence every aspect of the employee life cycle. This includes recruitment to onboarding, career development, employee engagement programs, customer relationships, communication, culture, technology, and DEIB. The AVP will mentor HR managers and directors, providing leadership across the community and may directly influence the role/requirements of HR directors and managers. The AVP, HR Community reports directly to the Vice President of Human Resources and serves as a member of the Human Resources Leadership Team. This role will execute Stanford's vision while championing Stanford's culture, values, and unit goals. If you are excited about directly impacting the Stanford mission, this may be the right opportunity for you! This position will be located in our new Stanford Redwood City campus. The campus offers amenities such as an onsite cafe and a dining pavilion, a high-end fitness facility with an outdoor pool, and a childcare center for Stanford families. Responsibilities include, but are not limited to: Demonstrate deep knowledge of HR client services, employee relations, talent management, compensation, learning and development, organizational development and design, change management, and diversity & inclusion. Collaborate with HR Center of Expertise management and others in senior leadership roles, providing guidance where needed and contributing to the department's long-term plans, continually developing strategies to place Stanford ahead of industry trends. Support HR management by planning talent pipeline requirements, building structures in line with the demands of schools and units, and determining the appropriate resource allocation, staffing levels, and reporting structure. Over time, build out the HR Community organization to support HR university-wide, including determining staff needs and recruiting, hiring, and managing the team. Demonstrate a broad understanding of units' business needs and deliver world-class HR support for those needs. Proactively lead client strategies and projects, providing critical coaching and context to enable school and unit HR professionals to make customer-focused contributions. Guide a successful HR Community department consisting of proactive and trusted thought partners who are skilled in building relationships and delivering core HR services. Support HR change management efforts in the field, engaging stakeholders and providing strong leadership to the team. Encourage diversity of thought, focus on employee development and performance, and ensure that the HR Community team is current with the necessary skills and capabilities. Develop the HR strategic plan with leadership and the HR Community, providing a long-term vision and roadmap for HR. Determine strategic pillars, objectives, and milestones for the organization that translate into departmental and individual goals. Act as a senior advisor to school and unit HR professionals, leveraging HR Centers of Expertise to build and execute strong, integrated HR strategies while leading and developing HR teams that support and champion unique business needs, culture, and objectives. Ensure stakeholder buy-in for strategies and processes; collaborate with other HR leaders to ensure optimal HR programs and protocols for application across Stanford. Develop and deliver presentations tailored to various levels of the organization. Cultivate an inclusive ethos with diverse thought and innovative ideas while inspiring team members to demonstrate their best abilities to deliver meaningful results. Promote an environment that fosters inclusive relationships and creates unbiased opportunities for contributions through ideas, words, and actions that uphold the Stanford Code of Conduct principles. Design and align an effective HR Community team to support university and school/unit strategies. Facilitate initiatives to build a high-performing organization aligned with Stanford's strategic leadership agenda. Implement key performance indicators to measure service to the university and schools/units. Minimum Required Skills: Bachelor's degree in organizational design and development, human resources, business administration or related field 15 years of increasingly responsible experience in two or more of the following areas: HR, including experience in talent management, learning and development, organizational development, diversity and inclusion, employee engagement, and/or employee relations; culture change and change management; coaching; and/or strategic planning. 10 years of experience leading or managing teams, including leadership experience in a complex, decentralized environment. Seven or more years of experience in a senior administrative or executive role for an organization In this role, you may be required to frequently travel between campuses and/or to schools or units, and to occasionally travel out of town. Why Stanford is for You Imagine a world without search engines or social platforms. Consider lives saved through first-ever organ transplants and research to cure illnesses. Stanford University has revolutionized the way we live and enrich the world. Supporting this mission is our diverse and dedicated 17,000 staff. We seek talent driven to impact the future of our legacy. Our culture and unique perks empower you with: * Freedom to grow. We offer career development programs, tuition reimbursement, or audit a course. Join a TedTalk, film screening, or listen to a renowned author or global leader speak. A caring culture. We provide superb retirement plans, generous time-off, and family care resources. A healthier you. Climb our rock wall, or choose from hundreds of health or fitness classes at our world-class exercise facilities. We also provide excellent health care benefits. Discovery and fun. Stroll through historic sculptures, trails, and museums. Enviable resources. Enjoy free commuter programs, ridesharing incentives, discounts and more The expected pay range for this position is $267,000 - $280,000 per annum. Stanford University provides pay ranges representing its good faith estimate of what the university reasonably expects to pay for a position. The pay offered to a selected candidate will be determined based on factors such as (but not limited to) the scope and responsibilities of the position, the qualifications of the selected candidate, departmental budget availability, internal equity, geographic location and external market pay for comparable jobs. The job duties listed are typical examples of work performed by positions in this job classification and are not designed to contain or be interpreted as a comprehensive inventory of all duties, tasks, and responsibilities. Specific duties and responsibilities may vary depending on department or program needs without changing the general nature and scope of the job or level of responsibility. Employees may also perform other duties as assigned. Consistent with its obligations under the law, the University will provide reasonable accommodation to any employee with a disability who requires accommodation to perform the essential functions of his or her job. Stanford is an equal employment opportunity and affirmative action employer. All qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, disability, protected veteran status, or any other characteristic protected by law Job Code: 4699 Employee Status: Regular Grade: O Requisition ID: 97477 About Stanford University Why work at Stanford?Stanford University has changed the world, over and over again.We are one of Silicon Valley's largest employers - and also one of the most unique. Our mission is to educate future leaders and promote interdisciplinary, world-class research and teaching. This passion makes Stanford an intensely creative, rewarding, and challenging place to work. At the same time, our traditions of respect and collaboration sustain a humane, supportive environment in which to pursue your life and your career.At Stanford you'll work with bright, diverse, dedicated people. You'll find encouragement to learn and grow. You'll enjoy excellent benefits and an outstanding environment. How will it change you? Connections working at Stanford University https://hrjobs.hrci.org/jobs/17954874/associate-vice-president-hr-community