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Get a list of pairs of keyvalue sorted by values in dictionary `data`
sorted(list(data.items()), key=lambda x: x[1])
dict by value pytho
sorted(list(data.items()), key=lambda x: x[1])
display current time
now = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%H:%M:%S')
find the index of the second occurrence of the substring `bar` in string `foo bar bar bar`
"""foo bar bar bar""".replace('bar', 'XXX', 1).find('bar')
heck if key 'stackoverflow' and key 'google' are presented in dictionary `sites`
set(['stackoverflow', 'google']).issubset(sites)
eplace string ' and ' in string `stuff` with character '/'
stuff.replace(' and ', '/')
Save array at index 0, index 1 and index 8 of array `np` to tmp file `tmp`
np.savez(tmp, *[getarray[0], getarray[1], getarray[8]])
bstract 1 hour and 10 minutes from current time
t = datetime.datetime.now() (t - datetime.timedelta(hours=1, minutes=10))
btract 1 hour and 10 minutes from time object `t`
(t - datetime.timedelta(hours=1, minutes=10))
dd 1 hour and 2 minutes to time object `t`
dt = datetime.datetime.combine(datetime.date.today(), t)
btract 5 hours from the time object `dt`
dt -= datetime.timedelta(hours=5)
encode string `data` using hex 'hex' encoding
print(data.encode('hex'))
Return the decimal value for each hex character in data `data`
print(' '.join([str(ord(a)) for a in data]))
Get all the items from a list of tuple 'l' where second item in tuple is '1'.
[x for x in l if x[1] == 1]
Create array `a` containing integers from std
a.fromlist([int(val) for val in stdin.read().split()])
place '\' infront of each nonletter char in string `line`
print(re.sub('[_%^$]', '\\\\\\g<0>', line))
Get all `a` tags where the text starts with value `some text` using regex
doc.xpath("//a[starts-with(text(),'some text')]")
vert a list of lists `a` into list of tuples of appropriate elements form nested l
zip(*a)
vert a list of strings `lst` to list of integer
[map(int, sublist) for sublist in lst]
vert strings in listoflists `lst` to
[[int(x) for x in sublist] for sublist in lst]
get index of elements in array `A` that occur in another array `B`
np.where(np.in1d(A, B))[0]
eate a list where each element is a dictionary with keys 'key1' and 'key2' and values corresponding to each value in the lists referenced by keys 'key1' and 'key2' in dictionary `d`
[{'key1': a, 'key2': b} for a, b in zip(d['key1'], d['key2'])]
Split dictionary of lists into list of dictionarie
map(dict, zip(*[[(k, v) for v in value] for k, value in list(d.items())]))
Get Last Day of the first month in 2002
calendar.monthrange(2002, 1)
Get Last Day of the second month in 2002
calendar.monthrange(2008, 2)
Get Last Day of the second month in 2100
calendar.monthrange(2100, 2)
Get Last Day of the month `month` in year `year`
calendar.monthrange(year, month)[1]
Get Last Day of the second month in year 2012
monthrange(2012, 2)
Get Last Day of the first month in year 2000
(datetime.date(2000, 2, 1) - datetime.timedelta(days=1))
Calling an external command ls l
from subprocess import call
Calling an external command some_command with args
os.system('some_command with args')
Calling an external command some_command < input_file | another_command > output_file
os.system('some_command < input_file | another_command > output_file')
Calling an external command some_command with args
stream = os.popen('some_command with args')
Calling an external command echo Hello World
print(subprocess.Popen('echo Hello World', shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE).stdout.read())
Calling an external command echo Hello World
print(os.popen('echo Hello World').read())
Calling an external command echo Hello World
return_code = subprocess.call('echo Hello World', shell=True)
Calling an external command ls
p = subprocess.Popen('ls', shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT) for line in p.stdout.readlines(): print(line, end=' ') retval = p.wait()
Calling an external command ls l
call(['ls', '-l'])
decode url `url` with utf8 and print
print(urllib.parse.unquote(url).decode('utf8'))
decode a urllib escaped url string `url` with `utf8`
url = urllib.parse.unquote(url).decode('utf8')
delete letters from string '12454v'
"""""".join(filter(str.isdigit, '12454v'))
Update row values for a column `Season` using vectorized string operation in pand
df['Season'].str.split('-').str[0].astype(int)
a list of tuples `my_list` by second parameter in the tuple
my_list.sort(key=lambda x: x[1])
find indexes of all occurrences of a substring `tt` in a string `ttt`
[m.start() for m in re.finditer('(?=tt)', 'ttt')]
find all occurrences of a substring in a string
[m.start() for m in re.finditer('test', 'test test test test')]
plit string `s` based on white space
re.findall('\\s+|\\S+', s)
et columns `['race_date', 'track_code', 'race_number']` as indexes in dataframe `rdata`
rdata.set_index(['race_date', 'track_code', 'race_number'])
ecursively go through all subdirectories and files in `rootdir`
for (root, subFolders, files) in os.walk(rootdir): pass
a list of dictionary values by 'date' in reverse order
list.sort(key=lambda item: item['date'], reverse=True)
display first 5 characters of string 'aaabbbccc'
"""{:.5}""".format('aaabbbccc')
pack hexadecimal string `s` to a list of integer value
struct.unpack('11B', s)
finding the index of an item 'foo' given a list `['foo', 'bar', 'baz']` containing
[i for i, j in enumerate(['foo', 'bar', 'baz']) if j == 'foo']
generate all permutations of list `[1, 2, 3]` and list `[4, 5, 6]`
print(list(itertools.product([1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6])))
generate all permutations of a list `[1, 2, 3]`
itertools.permutations([1, 2, 3])
bstitute occurrences of unicode regex pattern u'\\p{P}+' with empty string '' in string `text`
return re.sub('\\p{P}+', '', text)
lly throw/raise a `ValueError` exception with the message 'A very specific bad thing happened'
raise ValueError('A very specific bad thing happened')
hrow an exception I know Python!
raise Exception('I know Python!')
Manually throw an exception I know python!
raise Exception('I know python!')
hrow a ValueError with message 'represents a hidden bug, do not catch this'
raise ValueError('represents a hidden bug, do not catch this')
hrow an Exception with message 'This is the exception you expect to handle'
raise Exception('This is the exception you expect to handle')
hrow a value error with message 'A very specific bad thing happened', 'foo', 'bar', 'baz'
raise ValueError('A very specific bad thing happened')
hrow a runtime error with message 'specific message'
raise RuntimeError('specific message')
hrow an assertion error with message Unexpected value of 'distance'!, distance
raise AssertionError("Unexpected value of 'distance'!", distance)
f Selenium textarea element `foo` is not empty, clear the field
driver.find_element_by_id('foo').clear()
lear text from textarea 'foo' with selenium
driver.find_element_by_id('foo').clear()
vert a number 2130706433 to ip string
socket.inet_ntoa(struct.pack('!L', 2130706433))
Rearrange the columns 'a','b','x','y' of pandas DataFrame `df` in mentioned sequence 'x' ,'y','a' ,'b'
df = df[['x', 'y', 'a', 'b']]
all base class's __init__ method from the child class `ChildClass`
super(ChildClass, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
m of all values in a python dict `d`
sum(d.values())
Sum of all values in a Python dic
sum(d.values())
vert python dictionary `your_data` to json array
json.dumps(your_data, ensure_ascii=False)
gn an array of floats in range from 0 to 100 to a variable `values`
values = np.array([i for i in range(100)], dtype=np.float64)
a list of dictionaries `list_of_dct` by values in an order `order`
sorted(list_of_dct, key=lambda x: order.index(list(x.values())[0]))
hange the case of the first letter in string `s`
return s[0].upper() + s[1:]
join list of numbers `[1,2,3,4] ` to string of numbers.
"""""".join([1, 2, 3, 4])
delete every non `utf8` characters from a string `line`
line = line.decode('utf-8', 'ignore').encode('utf-8')
execute a command `command ` in the terminal from a python scrip
os.system(command)
MySQL execute query 'SELECT * FROM foo WHERE bar = %s AND baz = %s' with parameters `param1` and `param2`
c.execute('SELECT * FROM foo WHERE bar = %s AND baz = %s', (param1, param2))
Parse string `datestr` into a datetime object using format pattern '%Y%m%d'
dateobj = datetime.datetime.strptime(datestr, '%Y-%m-%d').date()