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  <div class="section" id="second-derivative">
<h1>second_derivative<a class="headerlink" href="#second-derivative" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="metpy.calc.second_derivative">
<code class="descclassname">metpy.calc.</code><code class="descname">second_derivative</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>f</em>, <em>**kwargs</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../../_modules/metpy/calc/tools.html#second_derivative"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#metpy.calc.second_derivative" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Calculate the second derivative of a grid of values.</p>
<p>Works for both regularly-spaced data and grids with varying spacing.</p>
<p>Either <em class="xref py py-obj">x</em> or <em class="xref py py-obj">delta</em> must be specified.</p>
<p>Either <em class="xref py py-obj">x</em> or <em class="xref py py-obj">delta</em> must be specified. This uses 3 points to calculate the
derivative, using forward or backward at the edges of the grid as appropriate, and
centered elsewhere. The irregular spacing is handled explicitly, using the formulation
as specified by <a class="reference internal" href="../../references.html#bowen2005" id="id1">[Bowen2005]</a>.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>f</strong> (<em>array-like</em>) – Array of values of which to calculate the derivative</li>
<li><strong>axis</strong> (<a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.6)"><em>int</em></a><em>, </em><em>optional</em>) – The array axis along which to take the derivative. Defaults to 0.</li>
<li><strong>x</strong> (<em>array-like</em><em>, </em><em>optional</em>) – The coordinate values corresponding to the grid points in <em class="xref py py-obj">f</em>.</li>
<li><strong>delta</strong> (<em>array-like</em><em>, </em><em>optional</em>) – Spacing between the grid points in <em class="xref py py-obj">f</em>. There should be one item less than the size
of <em class="xref py py-obj">f</em> along <em class="xref py py-obj">axis</em>.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last"><em>array-like</em> – The second derivative calculated along the selected axis.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="admonition seealso">
<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
<p class="last"><a class="reference internal" href="metpy.calc.first_derivative.html#metpy.calc.first_derivative" title="metpy.calc.first_derivative"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">first_derivative()</span></code></a></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

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