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Lord-Jim

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[ "máriusz révész is a hungarian politician of the fidesz party and member of the parliament of hungary. after the fall of communism in hungary he entered the local government of the 10th district of budapest shortly after the first free elections in 1990. in 1991 he became the chairman of the local fidesz chapter in the same district. he was first elected as a member of the hungarian parliament in 1998. he was reelected in 2002, 2006, and 2010, serving four terms. révész was a member of the education committee. révész did not secure a mandate in the 2014 parliamentary election, however he became a member of parliament again in september 2014, when he replaced róbert rácz. on 23 october 2006, during the protests against the socialist government, he was attacked by riot police officers without identification number while trying to mediate between police and a crowd during the gyurcsány cabinet. the attackers were not found but two policeman were charged as accomplices because they did not do anything to help révész at the time he was attacked. they were convicted in april 2011 to one year in jail, the sentence was suspended.", "máriusz révész (born 31 may 1967, in budapest) is a hungarian politician of the fidesz party and member of the parliament of hungary. after the fall of communism in hungary he entered the local government of the 10th district of budapest shortly after the first free elections in 1990. in 1991 he became the chairman of the local fidesz chapter in the same district. he was first elected as a member of the hungarian parliament in 1998. he was reelected in 2002, 2006, and 2010, serving four terms. révész was a member of the education committee. révész did not secure a mandate in the 2014 parliamentary election, however he became a member of parliament again in september 2014, when he replaced róbert rácz. on 23 october 2006, during the protests against the socialist government, he was attacked by riot police officers without identification number while trying to mediate between police and a crowd during the gyurcsány cabinet. the attackers were not found but two policeman were charged as accomplices because they did not do anything to help révész at the time he was attacked. they were convicted in april 2011 to one year in jail, the sentence was suspended. révész was appointed government commissioner responsible for the development and promotion of cycling and active recreation in june 2016." ]

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[ "the west virginia division of corrections and rehabilitation is an agency of the u.s. state of west virginia within the department of military affairs and public safety that operates the state's prisons, jails and juvenile detention facilities. the agency has its headquarters in the state's capital of charleston. until july 1, 2018, the agency was simply the \"west virginia division of corrections\" and only operated the adult prisons. on july 1, 2018 the agency absorbed the former west virginia division of juvenile services and the former west virginia regional jail authority and assumed its current name. all of the division's facilities are overcrowded and understaffed. press reports in late 2017 indicated the division was short three hundred correctional officers. press reports in early 2018 showed that pay for correctional officers in the state ranked 49th in the nation. new correctional officers started at $24,664, about twelve dollars an hour. from february to july 2018, national guard troops supplemented the overworked officers. at the end of that period, the fire marshal's office continued to support the division.", "the west virginia division of corrections and rehabilitation is an agency of the u.s. state of west virginia within the department of military affairs and public safety that operates the state's prisons, jails and juvenile detention facilities. the agency has its headquarters in the state's capital of charleston. until july 1, 2018, the agency was simply the \"west virginia division of corrections\" and only operated the adult prisons. on july 1, 2018 the agency absorbed the former west virginia division of juvenile services and the former west virginia regional jail authority and assumed its current name. all of the division's facilities are overcrowded and understaffed. press reports in late 2017 indicated the division was short three hundred correctional officers. press reports in early 2018 showed that pay for correctional officers in the state ranked 49th in the nation. new correctional officers started at $24,664, about twelve dollars an hour. from february to july 2018, national guard troops supplemented the overworked officers. at the end of that period, the fire marshal's office continued to support the division. the state incarcerates 273 women per 100,000 population, the highest rate of female incarceration in the world, ahead of all other states and foreign nations." ]

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[ "eggenberg palace in graz, is the most significant baroque palace complex in the austrian province of styria. with its preserved accouterments, the extensive scenic gardens, as well as some special collections from the universalmuseum joanneum housed in the palace and surrounding park, schloss eggenberg ranks among the most valuable cultural treasures of austria. eggenberg palace is situated at an elevation of 381 meters on the western edge of the city. its architectural design and the still visible imprint of centuries of history continue to bear witness to the vicissitude and patronage of the one-time mightiest dynasty in styria, the house of eggenberg. in 2010, the significance of schloss eggenberg was recognized with an expansion to the listing of the graz historic old town among the unesco world cultural heritage sites. surrounded by walls, with a huge portal facing west, the palace is located in the eggenberg district of graz and can be reached by tram line. the northern corner of the palace grounds features the planetary garden and lapidarium of roman stonework as well as the entrance to the new archeology museum, which houses the cult wagon of strettweg.", "at first glance, schloss eggenberg presents itself as a uniform, new construction of the 17th century. nevertheless, large portions of the building date back to the late middle ages and construction continued throughout the early modern era. before 1460 balthasar eggenberger, financier to frederick iii, holy roman emperor, bought property in the west of graz which became a fixed noble residence in the family name. in the subsequent years the family residence was constructed and expanded. by 1470, a square gothic chapel had been constructed in the tower. a papal indulgence from 30 may 1470 refers to the \"capella beate marie virginis sita in castro eckenperg\", the chapel of the virgin mary in eggenberg castle, which became the nucleus of the new palace built by balthasar's great-grandson, hans ulrich von eggenberg. the younger cousin of general ruprecht von eggenberg, hans ulrich, as a superb diplomat and statesman, steered the foreign policy of his emperor, ferdinand ii, while eggenberg's counterpart and political adversary, cardinal richelieu of france, guided that of king louis xiii during thirty years war. as prime minister (in contemporary political jargon) and close, personal confidant of ferdinand ii, hans ulrich wanted a grandiose residence representing his new status and authority when he was named \"gubernator\" (governor) of inner austria after the emperor chose vienna as his imperial capital. in 1625 prince hans ulrich von eggenberg commissioned court architect giovanni pietro de pomis with the planning of his new palace, inspired by el escorial in spain. as an architect, painter, and medailleur (designer and minter of medals), de pomis, originally from lodi near milan, became the most important artist at the grazer court. incorporating the original medieval family residence into the new palace, de pomis himself oversaw the construction work up to his death in 1631. fortress master builder laurenz van de syppe continued the work for two years until the building was finished, in the end, by both of de pomis' site foremen, pietro valnegro and antonio pozzo. the shell appears to have been completed by 1635 or 1636. between 1641 and 1646 work on the ornamentation was brought to a close. beginning in 1666, johann seyfried von eggenberg, grandson of hans ulrich, developed the palace according to the splendor and grandeur of the baroque style and in 1673 the residence again entered the limelight as archduchess claudia felicitas of tyrol was a guest in the palace on the occasion of her wedding in graz to leopold i, holy roman emperor. under prince johann seyfried, the comprehensive cycle of ceiling coverings of approximately 600 paintings in the rooms of the piano nobile was accomplished in just 7 years. hans adam weissenkircher began his service as the court painter of the princely eggenberger court in 1678. he finished the painting cycle of the main festival hall, the famous planetary room, in 1684/85. with this, the first phase of accouterment work on schloss eggenberg was completed. after the extinction of the male line of the eggenberg family, the eggenberger state rooms were left in a half-emptied and neglected state. the husband of the last eggenberger princess, johann leopold count herberstein, ordered a comprehensive renewal of the complex. between 1754 and 1762 the building and the garden underwent their second major phase of ornamentation, this time in complete accordance with the tastes of the rococo. above all, the accouterment of the piano nobile was modernized. nevertheless, the planetary room and the entire cycle of ceiling paintings remained almost unchanged. thus, the works limited themselves to wall decorations, stoves and pieces of furniture. in keeping with the taste of the times, three east asian cabinets were introduced and the state rooms received new wall coverings. the most extensive change was probably the demolition of the eggenberger palace theater, in the place of which a baroque palace church was established. the supervisor of these works was the grazer court architect joseph hueber, a", "the cycle of some 600 ceiling paintings in the 24 state rooms of the piano nobile recalls the history of the world with scenes from greek and roman mythology, religious scenes from the old testament, and historical legends from western europe. this ceiling program with its stucco framing dates back to the first period of accouterment in the 17th century. under the married couple eggenberg-herberstein, the 24 rooms of the piano nobile were refurbished according to the tastes of the rococo starting in the mid-18th century. in addition to new pieces of furniture, chandeliers and sconces, and high-quality faïence stoves, nearly all the rooms also received brand-new, monochrome silk damask wall coverings. five rooms in the north tract of the piano nobile were equipped with large painted canvasses. styrian artist johann anton baptist raunacher dedicated each room to a different subject; shepherd's games, theatrical scenes and gambling scenes are found alongside society scenes and hunting scenes in schloss eggenberg. it was during this phase that the eggenberg palace theater was converted into a palace church in the baroque style. in addition, three exquisite east asian cabinets were integrated into the sequence of rooms. the first two are adorned with valuable imari porcelain plates and bowls as well as chinese silk paintings. in the wall coverings of the third cabinet, eight panels of a precious japanese folding screen have been used. these traditional dividers portray the palace and the fortified town of osaka before 1615, whereby it can be determined that these panels were executed shortly thereafter. from the early modern era there are very few of these screens depicting the city before its destruction, so these works are especially noteworthy. on account of the viewpoint on osaka the eggenberg panels represent a unique exhibit.", "the cycle of 24 state rooms culminates in the main festival hall, the planetary room and serves as both the beginning and the end of the ring of state rooms. the cycle of the oil paintings in this hall was created by hans adam weissenkircher and displays the four elements, the 12 signs of the western zodiac and of course the seven classical \"planets\" (planetes asteres: wandering stars) known to antiquity. the cycle of paintings by weissenkircher melds the architectural program with the ornamentation of the palace thereby achieving an allegory of the \"golden age\" ruled over by the house of eggenberg.", "the various owners and builder-owners have always looked at the palace and at the surrounding gardens as corresponding elements. thus, every succeeding generation has carried out significant alterations. the largest expansion of the garden occurred after the completion of the house. in the last third of the 17th century the garden was generously extended around the building. it followed the pattern of the strictly subdivided italian garden, with parterres, bosquet areas, fountains, aviaries and pheasant gardens. johann leopold count herberstein allowed the whole arrangement to be reshaped into a french garden. as early as the 1770s, the eggenberg gardens were an attraction open to the grazer public. however, with the advent of the enlightenment and the liberalization of ideas under joseph ii, holy roman emperor, by the end of the 18th century, it was thought that baroque gardens were ugly; having a pruned nature constricted by too stringent norms. jérôme count herberstein, as a fanatical garden lover, partook of this perspective and in 1802 prompted the stylish transformation of the eggenberg schloss park into a picturesque english garden. labyrinths, fountains, straight paths and hierarchical patterns all had to give way to the call to \"return to nature\" in the sense of jean-jacques rousseau. apart from the straight entrance way, which was preserved, the goal was to create artificial vistas with the new, winding pathways and the illusion of being in an arcadian landscape painting such as those of claude lorraine whose works inspired the likes of stourhead as well as many others. the recently restored rose mound formed the climax of this 19th-century landscape park. the early 20th century saw a dwindling of interest in the palace gardens and the eggenberg schloss park no longer employed a gardener. this had the unfortunate consequences of individual elements of the garden being torn-out and, over the course of decades, the rest being overgrown; the entire arrangement thus becoming more or less a simple city park. in 1993, in cooperation with the austrian federal bureau of cultural heritage management (bundesdenkmalamt), a garden grooming project was begun with the goals of preserving and reconstructing the gardens as a cultural monument to romanticism. the still existing elements were to be made recognizable and protected and the lost elements reconstructed in so far as it was possible. the initial phases of this project that have already been completed are the reconstruction of the 1848 breakfast garden behind the palace and the reclamation and restoration, which occurred during the winter months of 2007/08, of the rose mound, one of the most important components of the romantic english landscape garden. additionally, the peacocks from the graz peacock garden formerly located between the inner city and the city park have found a new home in the eggenberg schloss park. the species are of both the white variety and the more common indian blue peacock. during mating season, the loud cawing of the males as well as their brilliant plumage adds an exotic flair to the splendor of the park as they try to attract the larger but less colorful females." ]

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[ "this is a list of the national register of historic places listings in phoenix, arizona. this is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the national register of historic places in phoenix, the largest city in maricopa county, arizona, united states. the locations of national register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in an online map. there are 412 properties and districts listed on the national register in maricopa county, including 3 that are also national historic landmarks. the city of phoenix is the location of 218 of these properties and districts, including 1 national historic landmark; they are listed here, while the remaining properties and districts and 2 national historic landmarks are located elsewhere in the county and are listed separately. nineteen properties in phoenix were once listed, but have since been removed. one property, the george e. cisney house, has been delisted and relisted. this national park service list is complete through nps recent listings posted august 7, 2020.", "" ]

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[ "" ]

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[ "gouy-en-ternois is a commune. it is found in the region nord-pas-de-calais in the pas-de-calais department in the north of france." ]

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[ "a rearrangement reaction is a broad class of organic reactions where the carbon skeleton of a molecule is rearranged to give a structural isomer of the original molecule. often a substituent moves from one atom to another atom in the same molecule. in the example below the substituent r moves from carbon atom 1 to carbon atom 2: intermolecular rearrangements also take place. a rearrangement is not well represented by simple and discrete electron transfers. the actual mechanism of alkyl groups moving, as in wagner-meerwein rearrangement, probably involves transfer of the moving alkyl group fluidly along a bond, not ionic bond-breaking and forming. in pericyclic reactions, explanation by orbital interactions give a better picture than simple discrete electron transfers. it is, nevertheless, possible to draw the curved arrows for a sequence of discrete electron transfers that give the same result as a rearrangement reaction, although these are not necessarily realistic. in allylic rearrangement, the reaction is indeed ionic. three key rearrangement reactions are 1,2-rearrangements, pericyclic reactions and olefin metathesis.", "a pericyclic reaction is a type of reaction with multiple carbon-carbon bond making and breaking wherein the transition state of the molecule has a cyclic geometry, and the reaction progresses in a concerted fashion. examples are hydride shifts and the claisen rearrangement:" ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/e9c04d9af6d15833ffce.jpg" ]

[ "angelica lineariloba is a species of angelica known as poison angelica or sierra angelica. it is native to the sierra nevada and nearby slopes and flats in california and western nevada from 6000 to 10,600 ft in elevation. this is a taprooted perennial herb producing an erect, hollow stem up to about 1.5 meters tall. the large but feathery leaves are made up of many highly dissected leaflets which are linear to threadlike in shape. the inflorescence is a compound umbel with up to 40 rays holding clusters of small white to cream flowers. there are papery sheaths at the base of each petiole where it branches from the stem. the plants overall are rather similar to the other large umbellifers cow parsnip and swamp whiteheads, but cow parsnips have huge lobed but undivided leaves, while swamp whiteheads have pinnate leaves and the individual flowerheads are dense, round balls.", "media related to angelica lineariloba at wikimedia commons jepson manual treatment usda plants profile photo gallery" ]

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[ "the earliest 16th-century monasteries on the slopes of popocatépetl are fourteen 16th-century monasteries which were built by the augustinians, the franciscans and the dominicans in order to evangelize the areas south and east of the popocatépetl volcano in central mexico. these monasteries were recognized by the unesco as world heritage sites in 1994, because they served as the model for the early monastery and church buildings as well as evangelization efforts in new spain and some points beyond in latin america. these monasteries almost uniformly feature a very large atrium in front of a single nave church with a capilla abierta or open chapel. the atrium functioned as the meeting point between the indigenous peoples and the missionary friars, with mass for the newly converted held outdoors instead of within the church. this arrangement can be found repeated in other areas of mexico as these friars continued to branch out over new spain. the fourteen monasteries are open to visitors, with eleven located in northern morelos state and three in puebla state. the eleven in morelos are also promoted as the “route of the volcano” or the “route of the monasteries” for tourism purposes.", "the fourteen 16th-century monasteries listed by unesco as world heritage sites located around the foothills of the popocatépetl volcano are:" ]

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[ "oxyclozanide is a salicylanilide anthelmintic. it is used in the treatment and control of fascioliasis in ruminants mainly domestic animals such as cattle, sheep, and goats. it mainly acts by uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation in flukes. along with niclosamide, another tapeworm drug, it has been recently found to display \"strong in vivo and in vitro activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus\".", "oxyclozanide is a salicylanilide anthelmintic. it is used in the treatment and control of fascioliasis in ruminants mainly domestic animals such as cattle, sheep, and goats. it mainly acts by uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation in flukes. along with niclosamide, another tapeworm drug, it has been recently found to display \"strong in vivo and in vitro activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa)\"." ]

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[ "frederick dibnah, mbe was an english steeplejack and television personality, with a keen interest in mechanical engineering. when dibnah was born, britain relied heavily upon coal to fuel its industry. as a child he was fascinated by the steam engines which powered the many textile mills in bolton, but he paid particular attention to chimneys and the men who worked on them. he began his working life as a joiner, before becoming a steeplejack. from age 22, he served for two years in the army catering corps of the british army, undertaking his national service. once demobilised, he returned to steeplejacking but met with limited success until he was asked to repair bolton's parish church. the resulting publicity provided a welcome boost to his business, ensuring he was almost never out of work. in 1978, while making repairs to bolton town hall, dibnah was filmed by a regional bbc news crew. the bbc then commissioned an award-winning documentary, which followed the rough-hewn steeplejack as he worked on chimneys, interacted with his family and talked about his favourite hobby—steam.", "in 1967, following disagreements over who should be invited to their wedding, dibnah and 19-year-old hairdresser alison mary foster eloped to gretna green, to get married. dibnah had first spotted alison from the top of a chimney and, when one day she walked into the pub where he was drinking, he asked her out; six weeks later, the two became engaged. they left notes for their parents, caught a train to carlisle and from there on a series of buses to dumfries. they had initially planned to stay at the house of a friend but as he had returned to bolton for his holidays, they stayed instead at a local farmhouse. the two had to be resident for at least 21days to be married and so dibnah agreed to point the gable ends of a local hotel in exchange for bed and board. on 19may, the two married at the church at gretna green and returned to live at dibnah's mother's house. they later moved into a victorian gatehouse on the earl of bradford's estate, just outside bolton. dibnah spent years restoring the property, including building an extension. the house was a listed building and so he had to source appropriately aged bricks for the extension. a vicar offered him some of the old gravestones from the church graveyard, which dibnah then used to create the stone lintels and mullions, though he later expressed his fear that his property would now be haunted. the couple later purchased the house for £5,000, although it required major repairs to stabilize the rear wall. the couple had their first child, a girl named jayne, in june 1968. alison was initially worried about her husband's occupation but learned to deal with the risk and to trust fred. she organised his accounts and even collected debts. she also helped him demolish some of the chimneys that he worked on, by lighting the fire to burn away the temporary supports he had put in place.", "despite dibnah's best efforts, planning permission was refused. although he appealed against the decision, a new series diverted his attention. at the end of 2003 production began for fred dibnah's made in britain. with his friend, alf molyneux, dibnah would tour the country on his completed traction engine, visiting the workshops that still could produce the parts needed for his antique vehicle. his engine, however, was not yet complete and dibnah's medical diagnosis was not good: he knew he had only a short time to live. his traction engine developed a serious fault, but with the help of friends it was quickly repaired and its restoration completed. in december 2003, his traction engine was now in working order and planning for the new series commenced. dibnah's illness necessitated that he sleep in hotels, rather than the living van the engine would tow during the trip. for the long distances between locations, the engine would be transported on the back of a low loader. dibnah's engine suffered early mechanical problems; it could barely tow the fully loaded living van uphill, as the cylinder had been placed very slightly closer to the footplate than it should have been. as a result of this, every time the piston was fully forward it covered the steam inlet port. the engine was repaired, and with some minor engineering work to one of the pistons was brought up to full power. the team was joined by dibnah's sons, jack and roger. the production crew made every effort to reduce dibnah's workload. changes were made to the filming schedule, to allow dibnah more time to rest at home between filming days. the crew visited the forth road bridge and dibnah became the first man to drive a traction engine under its own steam across the bridge. such pleasures provided a welcome distraction for dibnah, who was by then ill and in pain. by the end of june he was so ill he could not continue filming. he was sent home to rest and given medication to alleviate his condition, so that he could collect his mbe. filming continued at various locations around the country, with sons jack and roger, who had become essential members of the tour, providing much-needed support for their father. by the end of july, the crew had filmed only 34days with dibnah, out of a planned60. it was becoming more difficult by the day for dibnah to fulfil his filming duties and the crew decided to cut short the schedule. once home, dibnah decided to creosote the pithead gear in his garden but fell and injured his back. he was adamant that he would continue filming, however, and made the trip to north wales to complete filming. he later made a partial recovery and completed his last day's filming at an ironworks in atherton." ]

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[ "kamigōri is a town located in akō district, hyōgo prefecture, japan. as of may 2017, the town had an estimated population of 15,448 and a density of 100 persons per km². the total area is 150.28 km².", "kamigōri (上郡町, kamigōri-chō) is a town located in akō district, hyōgo prefecture, japan. as of may 2017, the town had an estimated population of 15,448 and a density of 100 persons per km². the total area is 150.28km²." ]

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[ "ultimate, also and originally known as ultimate frisbee, is a low-contact team sport played with a flying disc. ultimate was developed in 1968 by a group of students at columbia high school in maplewood, new jersey. although ultimate resembles many traditional sports in its athletic requirements, it is unlike most sports due to its focus on self-officiating, even at the highest levels of competition. the term frisbee, often used to generically describe all flying discs, is a registered trademark of the wham-o toy company, and thus the sport is not formally called \"ultimate frisbee\", though this name is still in common casual use. points are scored by passing the disc to a teammate in the opposing end zone. other basic rules are that players must not take steps while holding the disc, and interceptions, incomplete passes, and passes out of bounds are turnovers. rain, wind, or occasionally other adversities can make for a testing match with rapid turnovers, heightening the pressure of play. from its beginnings in the american counterculture of the late 1960s, ultimate has resisted empowering any referee with rule enforcement.", "i just remember one time running for a pass and leaping up in the air and just feeling the frisbee making it into my hand and feeling the perfect synchrony and the joy of the moment, and as i landed i said to myself, 'this is the ultimate game. this is the ultimate game.' — jared kass, one of the inventors of ultimate, interviewed in 2003, speaking of the summer of 1968 team flying disc games using pie tins and cake pan lids were part of amherst college student culture for decades before plastic discs were available. a similar two-hand, touch-football-based game was played at kenyon college in ohio starting in 1942. from 1965 or 1966 jared kass and fellow amherst students bob fein, richard jacobson, robert marblestone, steve ward, fred hoxie, gordon murray, and others evolved a team frisbee game based on concepts from american football, basketball, and soccer. this game had some of the basics of modern ultimate including scoring by passing over a goal line, advancing the disc by passing, no travelling with the disc, and turnovers on interception or incomplete pass. kass, an instructor and dorm advisor, taught this game to high school student joel silver during the summer of 1967 or 1968 at northfield mount hermon school summer camp. joel silver, along with fellow students jonny hines, buzzy hellring, and others, further developed ultimate beginning in 1968 at columbia high school, maplewood, new jersey, usa (chs). the first sanctioned game was played at chs in 1968 between the student council and the student newspaper staff. beginning the following year evening games were played in the glow of mercury-vapor lights on the school's student-designated parking lot. initially players of ultimate frisbee (as it was known at the time) used a \"master\" disc marketed by wham-o, based on fred morrison's inspired \"pluto platter\" design. hellring, silver, and hines developed the first and second edition of \"rules of ultimate frisbee\". in 1970 chs defeated millburn high 43–10 in the first interscholastic ultimate game. chs, millburn, and three other new jersey high schools made up the first conference of ultimate teams beginning in 1971. alumni of that first league took the game to their colleges and universities. rutgers defeated princeton 29–27 in 1972 in the first intercollegiate game. this game was played exactly 103 years after the first intercollegiate american football game by the same teams at precisely the same site, which had been paved as a parking lot in the interim. rutgers won both games by an identical margin. rutgers also won the first ultimate frisbee tournament in 1975, hosted by yale, with 8 college teams participating. that summer ultimate was introduced at the second world frisbee championships at the rose bowl. this event introduced ultimate on the west coast of the usa. in 1975, ultimate was introduced at the canadian open frisbee championships in toronto as a showcase event. ultimate league play in canada began in toronto in 1979. the toronto ultimate club is one of ultimate's oldest leagues. in january 1977 wham-o introduced the world class \"80 mold\" 165 gram frisbee. this disc quickly replaced the relatively light and flimsy master frisbee with much improved stability and consistency of throws even in windy conditions. throws like the flick and hammer were possible with greater control and accuracy with this sturdier disc. the 80 mold was used in ultimate tournaments even after it was discontinued in 1983. discraft, founded in the late 1970s by jim kenner in london, ontario, later moved the company from canada to its present location in wixom, michigan. discraft introduced the ultrastar 175 gram disc in 1981, with an updated mold in 1983. this disc was adopted as the standard for ultimate during the 1980s, with wham-o holdouts frustrated by the discontinuation of the 80 mold and plastic quality problems with discs made on the replacement 80e mold. wham-o soon introduced a contending 175 gram disc, the u-max, that also suffered from quality problems and was never widely popular for ultimate. in 199", "the simplest defensive strategy is the match-to-match defense (also known as \"one-to-one\" or \"person-to-person\"), where each defender guards a specific offensive player, called their \"mark\". this defense creates one-to-one matchups all over the field – if each defender shuts out their mark, the team will likely earn a turn over. the defensive players will usually choose their mark at the beginning of the point before the pull. often players will mark the same person throughout the game, giving them an opportunity to pick up on their opponent's strengths and weaknesses as they play.", "one of the most common offensive strategies is the vertical stack. in this strategy, a number of offensive players line up between the disc and the end zone they are attacking. from this position, players in the stack make cuts (sudden sprints, usually after throwing off the defender by a \"fake\" move the other way) into the space available, attempting to get open and receive the disc. the stack generally lines up in the middle of the field, thereby opening up two lanes along the sidelines for cuts, although a captain may occasionally call for the stack to line up closer to one sideline, leaving open just one larger cutting lane on the other side. variations of the vertical stack include the side stack, where the stack is moved to a sideline and one player is isolated in the open space, and the split stack, where players are split between two stacks, one on either sideline. the side stack is most helpful in an end zone play where your players line up on one side of the end zone and the handler calls an \"iso\" (isolation) using one of the player's names. this then signals for the rest of the players on your team to clear away from that one person in order for them to receive a pass. in vertical stack offenses, one player usually plays the role of 'dump', offering a reset option which sets up behind the player with the disc." ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/461833c6b1aeebe2b75e.png" ]

[ "1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole is an organic compound with the molecular formula (c₃h₃n₂)₂co. it is a white crystalline solid. it is often used for the coupling of amino acids for peptide synthesis and as a reagent in organic synthesis.", "1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole (cdi) is an organic compound with the molecular formula (c₃h₃n₂)₂co. it is a white crystalline solid. it is often used for the coupling of amino acids for peptide synthesis and as a reagent in organic synthesis." ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/70fa006627d506f134c2.jpg" ]

[ "ranald \"ran\" john mcdonald was a canadian professional ice hockey player who played 159 games in various professional and amateur leagues, including the pacific coast hockey association. among the teams he played with were the new westminster royals, portland rosebuds, victoria aristocrats, and spokane canaries.", "ranald \"ran\" john mcdonald (november 21, 1889 – january 29, 1950) was a canadian professional ice hockey player who played 159 games in various professional and amateur leagues, including the pacific coast hockey association (pcha). among the teams he played with were the new westminster royals, portland rosebuds, victoria aristocrats, and spokane canaries." ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/15d4171ea464b5e43fb6.JPG" ]

[ "commercial national bank is an historic structure located in downtown washington, d.c. it was listed on the national register of historic places in 1991." ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/e921c016f9c45a5f2e90.png" ]

[ "the 2019–20 premier league of bosnia and herzegovina, known as liga 12 and also known as bh telecom premier league for sponsorship reasons, was the twentieth season of the premier league of bosnia and herzegovina, the highest football league of bosnia and herzegovina. the season began on 20 july 2019 and ended abruptly on 1 june 2020 due to the ongoing covid-19 pandemic in bosnia and herzegovina, with a winter break between early december 2019 and late february 2020.", "" ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/8e5e8fff6d55f8250ca4.png", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/dc7ec886c8074f42c836.png" ]

[ "the chirp pulse compression process transforms a long duration frequency-coded pulse into a narrow pulse of greatly increased amplitude. it is a technique used in radar and sonar systems because it is a method whereby a narrow pulse with high peak power can be derived from a long duration pulse with low peak power. furthermore, the process offers good range resolution because the half-power beam width of the compressed pulse is consistent with the system bandwidth. the basics of the method for radar applications were developed in the late 1940s and early 1950s, but it was not until 1960, following declassification of the subject matter, that a detailed article on the topic appeared the public domain. thereafter, the number of published articles grew quickly, as demonstrated by the comprehensive selection of papers to be found in a compilation by barton. briefly, the basic pulse compression properties can be related as follows. for a chirp waveform that sweeps over a frequency range f1 to f2 in a time period t, the nominal bandwidth of the pulse is b, where b = f2 – f1, and the pulse has a time-bandwidth product of t×b.", "the spectral response of the matched filter has a magnitude which is the mirror image of that of the expanded pulse, when a chirp spectrum has symmetry about its centre frequency, so the fresnell ripples on the spectrum are augmented by the compression process. what is needed to reduce the ripples is a compression filter whose spectrum has the inverse (reciprocal) ripple to that of the expander. as this will no longer be a matched filter, there will be increased mismatch loss. in his early work cook did not recommend attempting such a procedure because the filters needed were considered too difficult to make. however, with the advent of saw technology it became possible to achieve the required characteristics. more recently, digital techniques with mathematically derived look-up tables have provided a convenient way of introducing reciprocal ripple correction. the spectrum of the compressed pulse is the product of the spectra of the expander and compressor filters, as given earlier. now, instead of c(ω), a new output spectrum c'(ω) is defined, which has no fresnell ripples but which defines a desired sidelobe structure (such as that defined by a hamming window). the compression filter that will achieve this requirement is determined by the equation where h(ω) is the spectrum of the signal, c’(ω) is the target spectrum for the compressed pulse and has the low sidelobes of the chosen weighting function and k(ω) is the spectrum of the compression filter which has the reciprocal ripple properties. close-in sidelobes are automatically dealt with in the process. as an example of the procedure consider a linear chirp with t×b =100. the left-hand figures shows (one half of) the spectrum of the chirp, and the right-hand figure shows the waveform after compression. as expected, close-in sidelobes start at −13.5db. in the next figure, blackman-harris weighting has been applied to the compressed pulse spectrum. although the close-in sidelobes have been reduced, the far-out sidelobes remain high with a predicted level of, approximately −20×log₁₀(100) = -40db, as predicted for a time-bandwidth product of 100. with lower time-bandwidth products, these sidelobes will be even higher. next, a compression filter that provides reciprocal-ripple correction has been used. as can be seen, a ripple-free spectrum has been achieved resulting in a waveform that is free from high level far-out sidelobes. however, this procedure has a problem. although the process has found a compressor spectrum that leads to low sidelobes on the compressed pulse, no account was taken of the waveform this spectrum might have. when an inverse fourier transform is carried out on this spectrum, in order to determine the characteristics of its waveform, it is found that the waveform is of extremely long duration, typically exceeding 10t. even assuming the waveform is no longer than 10t, it means that the total time needed to process one chirp will be at least 11t, in total, a length of time unacceptable in most circumstances. in order to achieve a practical solution judd proposed that the total length of the compression pulse be truncated to 2t, whereas butler suggested 1.6t and 1.3t. extensions as low as 10% have also been used unfortunately, when the new compressor waveform is truncated, then far-out sidelobes reappear once more. the next figures shows what happens to the compressed pulse when the compressor is set at 2t duration and then at 1.1t duration. new far-out sidelobes have appeared with amplitudes that make them clearly visible. these sidelobes are often referred to as “gating sidelobes”. they can be irritatingly high but, fortunately, even if the compressor is set have just 10% extension, the sidelobes are still at a level than that achieved without correction. any doppler frequency shift on the received signals will degrade the ripple cancelation process and this is discussed in more detail next.", "a chirp with slow rise and fall times has reduced ripple on its spectrum (see chirp spectrum), so will result in lower time sidelobes on the compressed pulse. as an example, consider first the figure shows the compressed spectrum of a linear chirp, which has fast rise and fall times, with t×b = 100 and where blackman-harris weighting has been applied. the waveform corresponding to this spectrum has time sidelobes rising to about −40db, as predicted. after linear rise and fall times are introduced, using the amplitude template shown, the ripple on the spectrum is much reduced and the time sidelobes are significantly lower, as shown. the procedure is most effective when both the signal chirp and the compressor chirp have modified rise-times, when sidelobe levels can be lowered by 15 – 20db. however, it is not always possible to apply amplitude modulation in the transmitter, so there is less improvement when only the compressor waveform is modified. even so, a sidelobe reduction of about 6db can still be achieved. the precise manner in which the rise and fall times are made less severe is not very critical, so the technique of adding cosine tapers to the compressed pulse spectrum (as with the tukey weighting function) gives a similar improvement – of several dbs. improvements achieved by the method are tolerant of doppler shifts." ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/b62ee9aed0f101ef1701.jpg" ]

[ "jan eggum is a norwegian singer-songwriter. he has been characterized as a \"face for the melancholy\", and the themes in his songs are often broken hearts, loneliness, and sorrow. sometimes his lyrics include social criticism, but he also shows trivial and funny sides of himself.", "jan eggum (born 8 december 1951) is a norwegian singer-songwriter. he has been characterized as a \"face for the melancholy\", and the themes in his songs are often broken hearts, loneliness, and sorrow. sometimes his lyrics include social criticism, but he also shows trivial and funny sides of himself." ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/6dfa2abef7dcd41e10fe.png", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/84e801dc3f986b613477.png", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/13fb6a8600268396ad2e.png", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/750e739ee55f3004c598.png" ]

[ "there are many programs and algorithms used to plot the mandelbrot set and other fractals, some of which are described in fractal-generating software. these programs use a variety of algorithms to determine the color of individual pixels efficiently.", "a more complex coloring method involves using a histogram which pairs each pixel with said pixel's maximum iteration count before escape / bailout . this method will equally distribute colors to the same overall area, and, importantly, is independent of the maximum number of iterations chosen. this algorithm has four passes. the first pass involves calculating the iteration counts associated with each pixel (but without any pixels being plotted). these are stored in an array which we'll call iterationcounts[x][y], where x and y are the x and y coordinates of said pixel on the screen respectively. the first step of the second pass is to create an array of size n, which is the maximum iteration count. we'll call that array numiterationsperpixel . next, one must iterate over the array of pixel-iteration count pairs, iterationcounts[][], and retrieve each pixel's saved iteration count, i, via e.g. i = iterationcounts[x][y]. after each pixel's iteration count i is retrieved, it is necessary to index the numiterationsperpixel by i and increment the indexed value (which is initially zero) -- e.g. numiterationsperpixel[i] = numiterationsperpixel[i] + 1 . for (x = 0; x < width; x++) do for (y = 0; y < height; y++) do i:= iterationcounts[x][y] numiterationsperpixel[i]++ the third pass iterates through the numiterationsperpixel array and adds up all the stored values, saving them in total. the array index represents the number of pixels that reached that iteration count before bailout. total:= 0 for (i = 0; i < max_iterations; i++) do total += numiterationsperpixel[i] } after this, the fourth pass begins and all the values in the iterationcounts array are indexed, and, for each iteration count i, associated with each pixel, the count is added to a global sum of all the iteration counts from 1 to i in the numiterationsperpixel array. . this value is then normalized by dividing the sum by the total value computed earlier. hue[][]:= 0.0 for (x = 0; x < width; x++) do for (y = 0; y < height; y++) do iteration:= iterationcounts[x][y] for (i = 0; i <= iteration; i++) do hue[x][y] += numiterationsperpixel[i] / total /* must be floating-point division. */ ... color = palette[hue[m, n]] ... finally, the computed value is used, e.g. as an index to a color palette. this method may be combined with the smooth coloring method below for more aesthetically pleasing images.", "it can be shown that if a solid shape can be drawn on the mandelbrot set, with all the border colors being the same, then the shape can be filled in with that color. this is a result of the mandelbrot set being simply connected. border tracing works by following the lemniscates of the various iteration levels (colored bands) all around the set, and then filling the entire band at once. this can be a good speed increase, because it means that large numbers of points can be skipped. note that border tracing can't be used to identify bands of pixels outside the set if the plot computes de (distance estimate) or potential (fractional iteration) values. border tracing is especially beneficial for skipping large areas of a plot that are parts of the mandelbrot set (in m), since determining that a pixel is in m requires computing the maximum number of iterations. below is an example of a mandelbrot set rendered using border tracing: this is a 400x400 pixel plot using simple escape-time rendering with a maximum iteration count of 1000 iterations. it only had to compute 6.84% of the total iteration count that would have been required without border tracing. it was rendered using a slowed-down rendering engine to make the rendering process slow enough to watch, and took 6.05 seconds to render. the same plot took 117.0 seconds to render with border tracing turned off with the same slowed-down rendering engine. note that even when the settings are changed to calculate fractional iteration values (which prevents border tracing from tracing non-mandelbrot points) the border tracing algorithm still renders this plot in 7.10 seconds because identifying mandelbrot points always requires the maximum number of iterations. the higher the maximum iteration count, the more costly it is to identify mandelbrot points, and thus the more benefit border tracing provides. that is, even if the outer area uses smooth/continuous coloring then border tracing will still speed up the costly inner area of the mandelbrot set. unless the inner area also uses some smooth coloring method, for instance interior distance estimation.", "it is also possible to estimate the distance of a limitly periodic (i.e., inner) point to the boundary of the mandelbrot set. the estimate is given by where is the period, is the point to be estimated, is the complex quadratic polynomial is the -fold iteration of , starting with is any of the points that make the attractor of the iterations of starting with ; satisfies , , , and are various derivatives of , evaluated at . analogous to the exterior case, once b is found, we know that all points within the distance of b/4 from c are inside the mandelbrot set. there are two practical problems with the interior distance estimate: first, we need to find precisely, and second, we need to find precisely. the problem with is that the convergence to by iterating requires, theoretically, an infinite number of operations. the problem with any given is that, sometimes, due to rounding errors, a period is falsely identified to be an integer multiple of the real period (e.g., a period of 86 is detected, while the real period is only 43=86/2). in such case, the distance is overestimated, i.e., the reported radius could contain points outside the mandelbrot set." ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/284bea9f35c68fff3a4b.jpg" ]

[ "iwate-ōkawa station was a railway station on the iwaizumi line in iwaizumi, iwate, japan, operated by east japan railway company.", "iwate-ōkawa station (岩手大川駅, iwate-ōkawa-eki) was a railway station on the iwaizumi line in iwaizumi, iwate, japan, operated by east japan railway company (jr east)." ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/bd090d109486a36382ad.jpg", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/f3c296229d56e805d0e3.jpg", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/ec5893f31cb5522a8650.jpg", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/44c673f9df92158025ca.jpg" ]

[ "the nissan patrol is a series of four-wheel drive vehicles manufactured by nissan in japan and sold throughout the world. the patrol has been available as either a short-wheelbase three-door or a long-wheelbase five-door chassis since 1951. the lwb version has been offered in pickup truck and cab chassis variants. between 1988 and 1994, ford australia marketed the patrol as the ford maverick. in some european countries, such as spain, the patrol was marketed by ebro as the ebro patrol. in 1980 in japan it became known as the nissan safari. the patrol is available in australia, central and south america, south africa, parts of southeast asia and western europe as well as iran and the middle east. for the 2011 model year it was made available in north america as the upscale infiniti qx56, the first time that a patrol-based vehicle had been sold in north america since 1969, and for the 2017 model year it would be offered in that market as the nissan armada. the y61 platform is manufactured as a military vehicle in countries of asia and the middle east. various versions of the patrol are widely used by united nations agencies. y61 models are produced alongside the current y62.", "the all-new, sixth generation, y62 series nissan patrol was launched on 13 february 2010 in abu dhabi. a luxury version (z62) was sold as the infiniti qx56 from 2010 (the first time that a patrol-based vehicle had been sold in north america since 1969), which was later renamed the infiniti qx80 in 2013. the y62 was introduced in north america under the armada nameplate in 2016, for the 2017 model year. it was presented as a replacement for the titan-based first generation nissan armada (wa60). as of 2017, the y62 is powered by either a 275hp (205kw) / 394n⋅m (291lb⋅ft) 4.0-litre vq40de v6 engine for the entry level xe and se trims or a more powerful 400hp (298kw) / 560n⋅m (410lb⋅ft) 5.6-litre vk56vd v8 engine for the upper level trims. the nismo edition uses a tuned version of the 5.6-litre v8 producing 28 additional horsepower. prior to the introduction of the 4.0-litre v6, a lower output 317hp (236kw) / 526n⋅m (388lb⋅ft) 5.6-litre vk56de v8 was designated for the entry level trims. as of 2017, all models come with a 7-speed automatic transmission although nissan previously offered a 5-speed automatic and also a 6-speed manual for the entry level trim. a variable 4×4 mode package allows switching between four drive modes: sand, on-road, rock and snow. a hydraulic body motion control system is available. an electronic-locking rear differential, hill start and hill descent control, as well as lane-departure warning, computer assisted braking and stability control. the infiniti version launched in the united states in 2010, the first patrol sold there since the 60 series. the nissan patrol launched in australia in early 2013. the nissan patrol is offered in various different trim levels in the middle east: xe, se, se-platinum city, le, le-titanium, le-platinum city and nismo edition. in australia the ti and ti-l trim levels are offered. in 2014, a significant facelift arrived, with revised tail lights with red elements present, globe housings and built-in led headlights. a new tan interior was added and new sets of wheels. nissan introduced a limited-run patrol black special edition in 200 units. these cars offer several enhancements such as red seats, chrome detailing and a black matte exterior paint scheme. nissan gave a second facelift to the 2019 patrol before it will have a new version by 2020. changes include a new front bumper featuring a deeper apron and a traditional round housing. the vehicle will be equipped with nissan's intelligent mobility driver-assistance features like lane keeping assist, forward collision warning, automatic emergency braking for front and rear, rear cross traffic alert, and blind spot monitoring.", "y61 models first appeared in december 1997, available in 4.5-and 4.8-litre petrol, 2.8-, 3.0- and 4.2-litre turbo diesel and 4.2-litre turbo diesel intercooler variants. the alternative model codes of gr and gu were applied to left- and right-hand drive models, respectively. the drive train was changed in this model, including larger cvs and less syncros in the manual gearboxes. the differential housings were widened to fall inline with the new body shape, but centers remained the same (h233 and h260). some petrol wagons received a coil version of the h260 differential. comfort levels were increased over gq, especially in the seating and nvh areas.", "the soft-top nissan patrol 60 (two-door; 2,200mm (86.6in) wheelbase) and g60 (two-door; 2,500mm (98.4in) wheelbase) were first sold in australia in 1960. left-hand drive l60/gl60 models were sold outside of australia. american customers could get patrols only from 1962 until 1969. patrols were sold through datsun dealerships, making it the only nissan-badged vehicle sold in the usa until the early 1980s when the datsun marque was phased out (barring a small test batch of about 100 nissan cedrics that was also exported to the us in the early 60s). an extra long wheelbase version, the h60, was also available. the 4wd nissan patrol 60 series was produced in short, medium and long wheel-base versions. it had a manual transmission type-f3b83l at first with three and later with four speeds, two-speed transfer case with part-time four-wheel drive. the motor was the p engine, a 3,956cc (241.4cuin) inline overhead-valve six-cylinder, featuring bathtub-shaped combustion chambers and a fully balanced seven-bearing crank shaft. with two doors in front and one at the back and four seats (driver, and companion in front, two parallel back seats), the extra long wheelbase version (the h60) was available with eight-passenger capacity. in 1963, the kg60 (and kgl60) hard-top models were introduced. nissan australia claimed that the 60 series patrol was the first vehicle to drive across the simpson desert in australia, and built much publicity around the 50-year anniversary of the event, including a re-enactment with a similar vehicle ending on 21 july 2012 to publicise the impending release of their new generation y62. however, a conflicting account claimed that a toyota land cruiser support vehicle arrived before the patrol.", "the y60 was radically different mechanically from its predecessors as it was the first patrol with coil sprung suspension, increasing comfort and rough ground handling. all y60 patrols had a three-link live axle suspension set-up at the front, with all wagons (swb, lwb and swb lw) adopting a five-link set-up at the rear. the utility model was available with both a leaf spring rear axle and from 1994 onwards a choice of the same coil-spring rear axle as the wagons. sway bars were included on both front and rear coil-sprung live axles. power steering was standard. some wagon models had front and rear disc brakes while the ute retained rear drum brakes. the introduction of a synchromesh on reverse gear was another improvement. the alternative model codes of gr and gq were applied to left- and right-hand drive models, respectively. most models had a rear limited slip differential and some variants had a vacuum or electric solenoid operated manual rear differential lock. a rear sway bar release mechanism appeared on some models. some y60s had a pto-driven front-mounted winch, with an in-cab control lever to the right of the gearstick. the patrol was branded safari in japan, where it featured a 24v electrical system, instead of the standard 12v. the td42 and tb42 were available with either a five-speed manual and a four-speed automatic gearbox. the rd28t and the rb30 offered only a 5-speed manual. trim levels in australia included: dx with manual mirrors, no central locking, vinyl interior, optional ac, manual locking hubs. rx (from 1995) with electric mirrors, central locking, carpet interior, ac, manual locking hubs. st with electric windows, electric mirrors, central locking, carpet interior, ac, automatic locking hubs. ti (from late 1989) with efi motor and electric windows, electric mirrors, central locking, velour and carpet interior, rear ac, seven speaker sound system, alloy three-spoke wheels, automatic locking hubs. the ti model had a high roof design with sunroof until 1991. leather and woodgrain trim was made standard in 1992 with the series 2. a myriad of dealer-fitted accessories were available including sunroofs, roof racks, tow bars, driving lights, cargo barriers and side steps. the td42 was available with an optional safari turbocharger at some australian dealers. trim levels in europe varied by country. these include designations such as slx, lx, lw and many others in france. finnish patrols came standard with two batteries. lw (1996–1997) featured a lightweight body, reducing the weight with 50 kilograms and a special smaller body (40 millimeter). these were produced only for extreme offroad championships. the engine and chassis remained the same. two major updates came in australia, one in 1992 (gq series 2), and one in 1995 (minor facelift). the most notable changes in 1992 were the introduction of fuel-injection on the tb42 motor with fuel injection, egr valve and oil cooler on the rd28t, new seats, new trim, sound deadening and side intrusion bars. other 1992 series 2 refinements included a revised transmission, suspension, introducing bigger brakes, bigger wheels and the standardization of limited slip differentials and auto-freewheeling hubs. this update included new seats, trim and side intrusion bars. in 1991 the rear indicators, tail lights and brake lights were relocated to the bumper from the body to meet australian design rules, however they stayed the same in european versions. in 1992 another set of indicators were placed on the front quarter panel. in august 1993 the td42 lost weight to reduce fuel consumption and increase rpms. this had the side effect of weakening the engine. the original engine can be identified by its silver rocker cover, whereas the lightened engine featured a black rocker cover. the rd28t got some extra changes, moving the vacuum pump from behind the alternator to the top of the engine. driver-side airbags appeared in some european models. 1995 featured a minor facelift, with a redesigned front grille and the rx model entering australia. known weaknesses included vibrat" ]

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[ "portland is the largest and most populous city in the u.s. state of oregon and the seat of multnomah county. it is a major port in the willamette valley region of the pacific northwest, at the confluence of the willamette and columbia rivers in northwestern oregon. as of 2019, portland had an estimated population of 654,741, making it the 26th most populated city in the united states, the sixth-most populous on the west coast, and the second-most populous in the pacific northwest after seattle. approximately 2.4 million people live in the portland metropolitan statistical area, making it the 25th most populous in the united states. its combined statistical area ranks 19th-largest with a population of around 3.2 million. approximately 60% of oregon's population resides within the portland metropolitan area. named after portland, maine, the oregon settlement began to be populated in the 1830s near the end of the oregon trail. its water access provided convenient transportation of goods, and the timber industry was a major force in the city's early economy.", "portland is home to a range of classical performing arts institutions, including the portland opera, the oregon symphony, and the portland youth philharmonic; the latter, established in 1924, was the first youth orchestra established in the united states. the city is also home to several theaters and performing arts institutions, including the oregon ballet theatre, northwest children's theatre, portland center stage, artists repertory theatre, miracle theatre, and tears of joy theatre. in 2013, the guardian named the city's music scene as one of the \"most vibrant\" in the united states. portland is home to famous bands such as the kingsmen and paul revere & the raiders, both famous for their association with the song \"louie louie\" (1963). other widely known musical groups include the dandy warhols, quarterflash, everclear, pink martini, the hugs, sleater-kinney, the shins, blitzen trapper, the decemberists, and the late elliott smith. in the 1980s, the city was home to a burgeoning punk scene, which included bands such as the wipers and dead moon. the city's now-demolished satyricon nightclub was a punk venue notorious for being the place where nirvana frontman kurt cobain first encountered future wife and hole frontwoman courtney love in 1990. love was then a resident of portland and started several bands there with kat bjelland, later of babes in toyland. multi-grammy award-winning jazz artist esperanza spalding is from portland and performed with the chamber music society of oregon at a young age. a wide range of films have been shot in portland, from various independent features to major big-budget productions. director gus van sant has notably set and shot many of his films in the city. the city has also been featured in various television programs, notably the ifc sketch comedy series portlandia. the series, which ran for eight seasons from 2011 to 2018, was shot on location in portland, and satirized the city as a hub of liberal politics, organic food, alternative lifestyles, and anti-establishment attitudes. mtv's long-time running reality show the real world was also shot in portland for the show's 29th season: the real world: portland premiered on mtv in 2013. other television series shot in the city include leverage, the librarians, under suspicion, grimm, and nowhere man. an unusual feature of portland entertainment is the large number of movie theaters serving beer, often with second-run or revival films. notable examples of these \"brew and view\" theaters include the bagdad theater and pub, a former vaudeville theater built in 1927 by universal studios; cinema 21; and the laurelhurst theater, in operation since 1923. portland hosts the world's longest-running h. p. lovecraft film festival at the hollywood theatre.", "in the 1990s, the technology industry began to emerge in portland, specifically with the establishment of companies like intel, which brought more than $10billion in investments in 1995 alone. after 2000, portland experienced significant growth, with a population rise of over 90,000 between the years 2000 and 2014. the city's increased presence within the cultural lexicon has established it as a popular city for young people, and it was second only to louisville, kentucky as one of the cities to attract and retain the highest number of college-educated people in the united states. between 2001 and 2012, portland's gross domestic product per person grew fifty percent, more than any other city in the country. the city has acquired a diverse range of nicknames throughout its history, though it is most often called \"rose city\" or \"the city of roses\", the latter of which has been its unofficial nickname since 1888 and its official nickname since 2003. another widely used nickname by local residents in everyday speech is \"pdx\", which is also the airport code for portland international airport. other nicknames include bridgetown, stumptown, rip city, soccer city, p-town, portlandia, and the more antiquated little beirut.", "the portland metropolitan area has transportation services common to major u.s. cities, though oregon's emphasis on proactive land-use planning and transit-oriented development within the urban growth boundary means commuters have multiple well-developed options. in 2014, travel + leisure magazine rated portland as the no. 1 most pedestrian and transit-friendly city in the united states. a 2011 study by walk score ranked portland 12th most walkable of fifty largest u.s. cities. in 2008, 12.6% of all commutes in portland were on public transit. trimet operates most of the region's buses and the max (short for metropolitan area express) light rail system, which connects the city and suburbs. the 1986-opened max system has expanded to five lines, with the latest being the orange line to milwaukie, in service as of september 2015. wes commuter rail opened in february 2009 in portland's western suburbs, linking beaverton and wilsonville. the city-owned portland streetcar serves two routes in the central city – downtown and adjacent districts. the first line, which opened in 2001 and was extended in 2005–07, operates from the south waterfront district through portland state university and north through the west end of downtown, to shopping areas and dense residential districts north and northwest of downtown. the second line that opened in 2012 added 3.3 miles (5.3km) of tracks on the east side of the willamette river and across the broadway bridge to a connection with the original line. the east-side line completed a loop to the tracks on the west side of the river upon completion of the new tilikum crossing in 2015, and, in anticipation of that, had been named the central loop line in 2012. however, it was renamed the loop service, with an a loop (clockwise) and b loop (counterclockwise), when it became a complete loop with the opening of the tilikum crossing bridge. fifth and sixth avenues within downtown comprise the portland transit mall, two streets devoted primarily to bus and light rail traffic with limited automobile access. opened in 1977 for buses, the transit mall was renovated and rebuilt in 2007–09, with light rail added. starting in 1975 and lasting nearly four decades, all transit service within downtown portland was free, the area being known by trimet as fareless square, but a need for minor budget cuts and funding needed for expansion prompted the agency to limit free rides to rail service only in 2010, and subsequently to discontinue the fare-free zone entirely in 2012. trimet provides real-time tracking of buses and trains with its transittracker, and makes the data available to software developers so they can create customized tools of their own. i-5 connects portland with the willamette valley, southern oregon, and california to the south and with washington to the north. i-405 forms a loop with i-5 around the central downtown area of the city and i-205 is a loop freeway route on the east side which connects to the portland international airport. u.s. 26 supports commuting within the metro area and continues to the pacific ocean westward and mount hood and central oregon eastward. u.s. 30 has a main, bypass, and business route through the city extending to astoria to the west; through gresham, oregon, and the eastern exurbs, and connects to i-84, traveling towards boise, idaho. portland ranked 13th in traffic congestion of all american cities. by 2018, it ranked 10th portland's main airport is portland international airport, about 20 minutes by car (40 minutes by max) northeast of downtown. portland's airport has been named the best us airport for seven consecutive years (2013–2019). portland is also home to oregon's only public use heliport, the portland downtown heliport. amtrak, the national passenger rail system, provides service to portland at union station on three routes. long-haul train routes include the coast starlight (with service from los angeles to seattle) and the empire builder (with service to chicago). the amtrak cascades state-supported trains operate between vancouver, b.c., and eug", "portland has ten sister cities; each city is required to maintain long-term involvement and participation:", "portland state university has the second-largest enrollment rate of any university in the state (after oregon state university), with a student body of nearly 30,000. it has been named among the top fifteen percentile of american regional universities by the princeton review for undergraduate education, and has been internationally recognized for its degrees in master of business administration and urban planning. the city is also home to the oregon health & science university, as well as portland community college. notable private universities include the university of portland, a roman catholic university affiliated with the congregation of holy cross; reed college, a liberal arts college, and lewis & clark college. other institutions of higher learning within the city are: pacific northwest college of art concordia university linfield college multnomah university cascade college warner pacific college oregon college of oriental medicine national university of natural medicine the art institute of portland northwest film center lewis & clark law school oregon culinary institute university of western states", "parks and greenspace planning date back to john charles olmsted's 1903 report to the portland park board. in 1995, voters in the portland metropolitan region passed a regional bond measure to acquire valuable natural areas for fish, wildlife, and people. ten years later, more than 8,100 acres (33km²) of ecologically valuable natural areas had been purchased and permanently protected from development. portland is one of only four cities in the u.s. with extinct volcanoes within its boundaries (along with pilot butte in bend, oregon, jackson volcano in jackson, mississippi, and diamond head in honolulu, hawaii). mount tabor park is known for its scenic views and historic reservoirs. forest park is the largest wilderness park within city limits in the united states, covering more than 5,000 acres (2,023ha). portland is also home to mill ends park, the world's smallest park (a two-foot-diameter circle, the park's area is only about 0.3 m²). washington park is just west of downtown and is home to the oregon zoo, hoyt arboretum, the portland japanese garden, and the international rose test garden. portland is also home to lan su chinese garden (formerly the portland classical chinese garden), an authentic representation of a suzhou-style walled garden. portland's east side has several formal public gardens: the historic peninsula park rose garden, the rose gardens of ladd's addition, the crystal springs rhododendron garden, the leach botanical garden, and the grotto. portland's downtown features two groups of contiguous city blocks dedicated for park space: the north and south park blocks. the 37-acre (15ha) tom mccall waterfront park was built in 1974 along the length of the downtown waterfront after harbor drive was removed; it now hosts large events throughout the year. the nearby historically significant burnside skatepark and five indoor skateparks give portland a reputation as possibly \"the most skateboard-friendly town in america.\" tryon creek state natural area is one of three oregon state parks in portland and the most popular; its creek has a run of steelhead. the other two state parks are willamette stone state heritage site, in the west hills, and the government island state recreation area in the columbia river near portland international airport. portland's city park system has been proclaimed one of the best in america. in its 2013 parkscore ranking, the trust for public land reported portland had the seventh best park system among the 50 most populous u.s. cities. in february 2015, the city council approved a total ban of smoking in all of city parks and natural area and the ban has been in force since july 1, 2015. the ban is includes cigarettes, vaping as well as marijuana.", "portland (/ˈpɔːrtlənd/, port-lənd) is the largest and most populous city in the u.s. state of oregon and the seat of multnomah county. it is a major port in the willamette valley region of the pacific northwest, at the confluence of the willamette and columbia rivers in northwestern oregon. as of 2019, portland had an estimated population of 654,741, making it the 26th most populated city in the united states, the sixth-most populous on the west coast, and the second-most populous in the pacific northwest after seattle. approximately 2.4million people live in the portland metropolitan statistical area (msa), making it the 25th most populous in the united states. its combined statistical area (csa) ranks 19th-largest with a population of around 3.2million. approximately 60% of oregon's population resides within the portland metropolitan area. named after portland, maine, the oregon settlement began to be populated in the 1830s near the end of the oregon trail. its water access provided convenient transportation of goods, and the timber industry was a major force in the city's early economy. at the turn of the 20th century, the city had a reputation as one of the most dangerous port cities in the world, a hub for organized crime and racketeering. after the city's economy experienced an industrial boom during world war ii, its hard-edged reputation began to dissipate. beginning in the 1960s, portland became noted for its growing progressive political values, earning it a reputation as a bastion of counterculture. the city operates with a commission-based government guided by a mayor and four commissioners as well as metro, the only directly elected metropolitan planning organization in the united states. the city government is notable for its land-use planning and investment in public transportation. portland is frequently recognized as one of the world's greenest cities to live and portland was the first city to enact a comprehensive plan to reduce co2 emissions. its climate is marked by warm, dry summers and cool, rainy winters. this climate is ideal for growing roses, and portland has been called the \"city of roses\" for over a century." ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/391ba13b77470196f670.jpg" ]

[ "kunal ganjawala is an indian playback singer whose songs are mostly featured in hindi and kannada films. he has also sung in marathi, bengali and other official languages of india. kunal began his career by singing jingles. he came to limelight in hindi with the song \"bheege honth tere\" from the film murder in 2004. it was his first biggest hit. the song earned him zee cine award as best playback singer in 2005. he came to limelight in kannada with the song \"neene neene\" from the film akash in 2005.", "kunal ganjawala (born 14 april 1972) is an indian playback singer whose songs are mostly featured in hindi and kannada films. he has also sung in marathi, bengali and other official languages of india. kunal began his career by singing jingles. he came to limelight in hindi with the song \"bheege honth tere\" from the film murder in 2004. it was his first biggest hit. the song earned him zee cine award as best playback singer in 2005. he came to limelight in kannada with the song \"neene neene\" from the film akash in 2005." ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/a24ed0df9d8157d81f3f.jpg" ]

[ "this list of tallest buildings in panama city ranks skyscrapers in panama city, by height. the tallest completed building in panama city is the ocean club tower - p.h. toc jw marriott panama, which stands 284.4 m tall. for several years, panama city's skyline remained largely unchanged, with only four buildings exceeding 150 m. beginning in the early 2000s, the city experienced a large construction boom, with new buildings rising up all over the city and two new tallest buildings since 2005. several supertall buildings were also planned for construction; as of september 2007 all of these have been either cancelled or are on hold.", "this lists ranks panama city skyscrapers that stand at least 150 meters (492feet) tall, based on standard height measurement. this includes spires and architectural details but does not include antenna masts. existing structures are included for ranking purposes based on present height. this list includes buildings under construction that have already been topped out." ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/6df5d277a7d2c862f95f.JPG" ]

[ "the men's team sabre was a fencing event held as part of the fencing at the 1912 summer olympics programme. it was the second appearance of the event, which had been introduced in 1908." ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/d4af88dc717b7626eeca.jpg", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/d998962263bfdd5c8e42.jpg" ]

[ "monster jam is a live motorsport event tour operated by feld entertainment. the series began in 1992, and is sanctioned under the umbrella of the united states hot rod association. events are primarily held in north america, with some additional events in other countries. although individual event formats can vary greatly based on the \"intermission\" entertainment, the main attraction is always the racing and freestyle competitions by monster trucks.", "monster jam events are held throughout the year in various venues around the u.s. and canada. events are generally held in the winter and early spring when professional football and southern baseball stadiums are generally dormant for their main purpose. events have also been held in other locations around the world, including europe, australia, mexico, costa rica, philippines, saudi arabia, japan, and singapore. at monster jam events, monster trucks face off in three forms of competition: racing, two-wheel skills, and freestyle. racing is traditional heads-up tournament racing, where the first truck to cross the finish line moves onto the next round; the final race of the night is for that particular event's championship. the freestyle competition allows drivers two minutes on an open floor to show off their skills as they drive the trucks over ramps and junked cars, performing stunts and tricks with their trucks. the freestyle winner is determined by attendees voting via a score tracking website. each event produces its own winner. if the same driver wins both events that night, they receive the \"double down\" trophy. between the two main competitions, other events are held. some shows, but not many; feature a \"donut\" competition in which a driver tries to spin their truck until the driver or the truck, is unable to continue, or they think they have a high enough score to win." ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/0f48a13d599d56d9b546.jpg" ]

[ "the cannes festival, until 2003 called the international film festival and known in english as the cannes film festival, is an annual film festival held in cannes, france, which previews new films of all genres, including documentaries, from all around the world. founded in 1946, the invitation-only festival is held annually at the palais des festivals et des congrès. on 1 july 2014, co-founder and former head of french pay-tv operator canal+, pierre lescure, took over as president of the festival, while thierry frémaux became the general delegate. the board of directors also appointed gilles jacob as honorary president of the festival. it is one of the \"big five\" film festivals, alongside the venice film festival in italy, the berlin international film festival in germany, the toronto international film festival in canada and the sundance film festival in the united states. the big five are internationally acclaimed for giving creators the artistic freedom to express themselves through film. in 1951, fiapf formally accredited the festival.", "the most prestigious award given at cannes is the palme d'or (\"golden palm\") for the best film. competition palme d'or – golden palm grand prix – grand prize of the festival prix du jury – jury prize palme d'or du court métrage – best short film prix d'interprétation féminine – best actress prix d'interprétation masculine – best actor prix de la mise en scène – best director prix du scénario – best screenplay other sections prix un certain regard – young talent, innovative and audacious works cinéfondation prizes – student films caméra d'or – it rewards the best first film of the festival, choosing among the debutants' works among the official selection, the directors' fortnight and the international critics' week selections. given by independent entities fipresci prize – the international federation of film critics awards prizes to films from the main competition section, un certain regard and parallel sections directors' fortnight prizes prix vulcain – awarded to a technical artist by the cst international critics' week prizes prize of the ecumenical jury françois chalais prize l'œil d'or – best documentary film trophée chopard palm dog – best canine performance queer palm – best lgbt-related films cannes soundtrack award pierre angénieux excellens in cinematography" ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/4f4bb39967bafd66eb74.jpg" ]

[ "the church of st peter and st paul, heytesbury is the church of england parish church for the parish of heytesbury with tytherington and knook, wiltshire. it was a collegiate church from the 12th century until 1840. the present building is largely 13th-century and is designated as grade i listed." ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/56090ff8a69965b1a246.jpg" ]

[ "the 1902 general election was held on 27 april and 11 may 1902. these elections were a victory for the bloc des gauches alliance between socialists, radicals, and the left wing of the republicans, over the anti-dreyfusard right wing of the republicans, the progressistes. the bloc des gauches had been brought together to support the \"republican defense cabinet\" formed by pierre waldeck-rousseau following the assault on the newly elected president, émile loubet, on the longchamp racecourse on 4 june 1899, during the dreyfus affair. however, waldeck-rousseau's own supporters took few seats in the election compared to the radicals and socialists. after the election, president loubet invited the radical émile combes to form a government, which lasted until january 1905, when the socialists withdrew from the bloc des gauches.", "the 1902 general election was held on 27 april and 11 may 1902. these elections were a victory for the bloc des gauches alliance between socialists, radicals, and the left wing of the republicans, over the anti-dreyfusard right wing of the republicans, the progressistes. the bloc des gauches had been brought together to support the \"republican defense cabinet\" (gouvernement de défense républicaine) formed by pierre waldeck-rousseau following the assault on the newly elected president, émile loubet, on the longchamp racecourse on 4 june 1899, during the dreyfus affair. however, waldeck-rousseau's own supporters (the ard) took few seats in the election compared to the radicals and socialists. after the election, president loubet invited the radical émile combes to form a government, which lasted until january 1905, when the socialists withdrew from the bloc des gauches." ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/7e901e6870ebed1f533e.jpg", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/2421e6ff108356af06ac.jpg", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/39ac27acaefbe6f8da51.jpg" ]

[ "this is a list of proton car models, listed in chronological order of each platform debut. perusahaan otomobil nasional was established in may 1983 through a joint-venture between hicom and mitsubishi motors. proton produced its first car, the saga in july 1985, and its first indigenously designed car, the waja in may 2000. since the 2000s, proton has produced a mix of indigenously designed and rebadged models.", "this is a list of proton car models, listed in chronological order of each platform debut. perusahaan otomobil nasional (proton) was established in may 1983 through a joint-venture between hicom and mitsubishi motors. proton produced its first car, the saga in july 1985, and its first indigenously designed car, the waja in may 2000. since the 2000s, proton has produced a mix of indigenously designed and rebadged models." ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/cafaed0b8755439451d4.png", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/c3e42ef6e3987fa6d1ea.png" ]

[ "during the 20th century, dichroic dyes had been used as electric field responsive colorants for rugged avionics and armored vehicle electronic displays. in general, dichroic dye displays had more predictable performance than twisted nematic liquid crystal displays or plasma displays, until technological advances in nematic displays surpassed the performance of dichroic dyes. these displays were used in early boeing 757 and 767 models, and the displays were manufactured by litton, stanley electric, racal, aeg and crystalloid, amongst others. in the sovient union, dye research was extensively performed by niopik. currently dichroic displays for avionics is manufactured in the usa by transicoil and polytronix. dichroic displays are also manufactured by alphamicron, amongst others. many dyes exhibit dichroism. some of these dyes are soluble in commercial liquid crystals. dyes which are effective for use in liquid crystal displays: azomethine, indigoid and thioindigoid, merocyanine, azulenes, quinophthalonic, perylene, phthaloperine, triphenodioxazines, quinoxalines, triazine, tertrazine, azo dyes, and anthraquinone.", "during the 20th century, dichroic dyes had been used as electric field responsive colorants for rugged avionics and armored vehicle electronic displays. in general, dichroic dye displays had more predictable performance than twisted nematic liquid crystal displays or plasma displays, until technological advances in nematic displays surpassed the performance of dichroic dyes. these displays were used in early boeing 757 and 767 models, and the displays were manufactured by litton, stanley electric, racal, aeg and crystalloid, amongst others. in the sovient union, dye research was extensively performed by niopik. currently dichroic displays for avionics is manufactured in the usa by transicoil and polytronix. dichroic displays are also manufactured by alphamicron, amongst others. many dyes exhibit dichroism. some of these dyes are soluble in commercial liquid crystals. dyes which are effective for use in liquid crystal displays: azomethine, indigoid and thioindigoid, merocyanine, azulenes, quinophthalonic, perylene, phthaloperine, triphenodioxazines, quinoxalines, triazine, tertrazine, azo dyes, and anthraquinone. after considerable research, scientists and engineers have identified dyes have proven suitable for use for liquid crystal displays. the dyes need adequate lightfastness, suitable wavelength bands, and sufficient order parameter in a liquid crystal host to function as display ingredients. obtaining dyes with sufficient order parameter in the liquid crystal host has been one of the primary challenges to the adoption of dichroic dyes by industry. although some dyes exhibit some dichroic qualities, most dyes do not have sufficient dichroic order parameter to function as display ingredients. in order to achieve dyes with sufficient order parameter, researchers have synthesized novel dyes which themselves are liquid crystalline in character to function as display ingredients. the challenges that researchers face are: (1) high purity (2) small quantities and (3) high efficiency. a few companies have overcome these challenges, such as mitsui toatsu in japan and merck in the u.k. in most cases novel dyes were engineered specifically for use with liquid crystals. the dyes were synthesized from common non-toxic dyes, and substituents with liquid crystalline characteristics were purposely attached to the dyes, not unlike tinker toys. dichroic dyes differ from electrophoretic charged particle displays, commonly called e-ink. suitable dyes are available across the visible spectrum, although there are few, if none, green colored dyes with sufficient order parameter for display use. currently dichroic dyes are used in switchable windows and in some special purpose displays and consumer novelty goods." ]

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[ "the first methodist church in monroe, green county, wisconsin, now the monroe arts center, is a gothic revival edifice designed by the former wisconsin state architect e. townsend mix of milwaukee and constructed of cream city brick. it was commissioned in 1869 by the first methodist episcopal congregation of monroe to replace an earlier church building that dated to 1843. the adjacent parsonage was completed in 1886, and the complete ensemble was finally dedicated in 1887. with its pointed-arch windows as well as the steeply pitched roof and tall, narrow tower, the church exemplifies the late-gothic revival style. the angled corner belfry tower and decorative brickwork are additional hallmarks of mix's design. perhaps the most striking feature is the rose window with elaborate tracery on the front facade, composed of teardrop-shaped stained-glass panes. the building was added to the national register of historic places in 1975.", "" ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/f229b51d441de9d4f445.jpg", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/b9802277dff6341e07b0.jpg", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/43b51a4c6ab704805b42.jpg" ]

[ "christmas lights are lights often used for decoration in celebration of christmas, often on display throughout the christmas season including advent and christmastide. the custom goes back to when christmas trees were decorated with candles, which symbolized christ being the light of the world. this custom was borrowed from pagan yule rituals that celebrate the return of the light of the sun as the days grow longer after solstice: the evergreen trees symbolising the renewal and continuance of life in dark times. the christmas trees were brought by christians into their homes in early modern germany. christmas trees displayed publicly and illuminated with electric lights became popular in the early 20th century. by the mid-20th century, it became customary to display strings of electric lights along streets and on buildings; christmas decorations detached from the christmas tree itself. in the united states, it became popular to outline private homes with such christmas lights in tract housing beginning in the 1960s. by the late 20th century, the custom had also been adopted in other nations, including outside the western world, notably in japan and hong kong.", "from the 1960s, beginning with tract housing in the us, it became increasingly common to outline the house (particularly the eaves) with weatherproof christmas lights. the holiday trail of lights is a joint effort by cities in east texas and northwest louisiana that had its origins in the festival of lights and christmas festival in natchitoches, started in 1927, making it one of the oldest light festivals in the us. fulton street in palo alto, california, has the nickname \"christmas tree lane\" due to the display of lighted christmas trees along the street. a familiar pastime during the holiday season is to drive or walk around neighborhoods in the evening to see the lights displayed on homes. while some homes have no lights, others may have ornate displays requiring weeks to construct. a few have made it to the extreme christmas tv specials shown on hgtv, at least one requiring a generator and another requiring separate electrical service to supply the electrical power required. in australia and new zealand, chains of christmas lights were quickly adopted as an effective way to provide ambient lighting to verandas, where cold beer is often served in the hot summer evenings. since the late 20th century, increasingly elaborate christmas lights have been displayed, and driving around between 8 and 10 p.m. to view the lights has become a popular form of family entertainment. in some areas christmas lighting becomes a fierce competition, with town councils offering awards for the best decorated house, in other areas it is seen as a co-operative effort, with residents priding themselves on their street or their neighbourhood. the town of lobethal, south australia, in the adelaide hills, is famed for its christmas lighting displays. many residents expend great effort to have the best light display in the town. residents from the nearby city of adelaide often drive to the town to view them. in the us, the television series the great christmas light fight features homes across the country in a competition of homes with elaborate christmas light displays.", "" ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/feca32200e461504561e.png" ]

[ "the ipod is a line of portable media players and multi-purpose pocket computers designed and marketed by apple inc. the first version was released on october 23, 2001, about 8 ¹⁄₂ months after the macintosh version of itunes was released. as of may 28, 2019, only the ipod touch remains in production. like other digital music players, some versions of the ipod can serve as external data storage devices. prior to macos 10.15, apple's itunes software could be used to transfer music, photos, videos, games, contact information, e-mail settings, web bookmarks, and calendars to the devices supporting these features from computers using certain versions of apple macos and microsoft windows operating systems. before the release of ios 5, the ipod branding was used for the media player included with the iphone and ipad, a combination of the music and videos apps on the ipod touch. as of ios 5, separate apps named \"music\" and \"videos\" are standardized across all ios-powered products. while the iphone and ipad have essentially the same media player capabilities as the ipod line, they are generally treated as separate products.", "while the suffix \"classic\" was not introduced until the sixth generation, it has been applied here retroactively to all generic ipods for clarity." ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/ba654b68b53c957e58fd.jpg" ]

[ "antonie “toni” adamberger was an austrian stage actress.", "antonie “toni” adamberger (31 december 1790 – 25 december 1867) was an austrian stage actress." ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/29c9c0476ff23fdc6286.jpg" ]

[ "vilhelm hammershøi, often written in english vilhelm hammershoi, was a danish painter. he is known for his poetic, subdued portraits and interiors.", "in june 2012, hammershøi's ida læser et brev (ida reading a letter) was auctioned by sotheby's in london for £1,721,250 or dkk 15,747,499, a record for any danish work of art. two other paintings by hammershøi were also sold the same day at sotheby's for unusually high prices: interiør med to lys (interior with two candles) was auctioned for dkk 10,110,000 and ida i interiør (ida in interior) for dkk 6,120,000. in december 2018, following christie's new york european art auction, the getty museum acquired the painting interior with an easel, bredgade 25 (1912) for $5,037,500." ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/248ffc3322147fa61df4.jpg" ]

[ "the sassetti chapel is a chapel in the basilica of santa trinita in florence, italy. it is especially notable for its frescoes of the stories of st. francis, considered domenico ghirlandaio's masterwork.", "francesco sassetti (1421–1490) was a rich banker and a member of the medici entourage, for which he directed the medici bank. in 1478 he acquired the chapel of st. francis in santa trinita, after his proposal to add a decoration portraying the saint had been rejected by the dominicans of santa maria novella, where his family had had a chapel (later also frescoed by ghirlandaio, and now known as the tornabuoni chapel) since the 14th century. he commissioned the execution of the frescoes from the most famed artist of the city, domenico ghirlandaio. the date of the contract is that signed next to the portraits of sassetti and his wife (december 25, 1480), although the work was not carried out until between 1483 and 1486. the central altarpiece, depicting the adoration of the shepherds, is dated 1485. ghirlandaio portrayed numerous figures of contemporary florentine society in the scenes. all the work shows the importance of the influence of the flemish school on ghirlandaio, in particular the portinari triptych by hugo van der goes, taken by him to florence in 1483 and now in the uffizi. the sassetti chapel was restored in 2004." ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/612dd5e2123c3028b826.jpg" ]

[ "cornățel railway station was a station on the agnita railway line in cașolț, sibiu county romania. the station still exists along with the track which has been protected." ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/42cff8a508f5b3f784e6.JPG" ]

[ "the loukkos river is a major river in northern morocco. although it is relatively short, the river is the third largest in morocco with an average flow of 50 m³/s. the loukkos river's source is located in the rif mountains and flows into the atlantic ocean in the city of larache; the city's port is on the river. the loukkos river basin is 3,730 km² and contains one of the most fertile and productive agricultural lands in the country. one of the river's tributaries, oued makhazine, bears great historical importance since it witnessed one of the most decisive battles in the history of morocco: the battle of alcácer quibir. in the battle on 4 august 1578, the joint army of deposed moroccan monarch abu abdallah mohammed ii saadi and his ally, king sebastian of portugal, was defeated by the army of the new moroccan sultan from the same saadi dynasty. the lukkus is the largest river in northern morocco. although it is relatively short, this river carries the third largest water flow in morocco. the river can cause great flooding in times of flood. in 1775 the river appeared on a map by tomás lópez and vargas with the denomination of \"river lucos.", "the confluence of the loukkos river and its tributaries, the al-mahazin, was the site of a significant battle in 1578 - the battle of alcácer quibir, in which two rival claimant to the throne of morocco were both killed as was the king of portugal. sebastian of portugal, king abu marwan abd al-malik i saadi and his rival abu abdallah mohammed ii saadi were all killed and ended portugal's ambitions to invade and christianize the maghreb. . one of the main reasons for the defeat of the portuguese troops was the rise in the water loukkos river during the battle. as a result of this battle, portugal lost its status as a great power. in 1970 thor heyerdahl visited loukkos river estuary, and studied the reed boats, manufactured by local fishermen in his plans to sail \"ra ii. according to heyerdahl ancient phoenician and egyptian sailors who became the founders of mesoamerican cultures. set out from somewhere like the lukkus." ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/9e7a0fcc3c9e6ce1daa8.jpg" ]

[ "fischamend is a city in the district of bruck an der leitha in the austrian state of lower austria. it belonged to wien-umgebung district which was dissolved in 2016." ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/05e4b633a03b59f141cc.png" ]

[ "federal route 91, or jalan kluang-kota tinggi, is the main federal road in johor, malaysia. it connects kluang to kota tinggi." ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/3a5e761686ac91fd8e4b.jpg", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/aa7cb0f0b5ceb1b999be.jpg", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/559853aa444065444d53.jpg", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/13aa247c71ae19cdd410.JPG", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/f075c6cd8ef30b3ae966.jpg" ]

[ "early gothic is the style of architecture that appeared in northern france, normandy and england between about 1130 and the mid-13th century. it combined and developed several key elements from earlier styles, particularly from romanesque architecture, including the rib vault, flying buttress, and the pointed arch, and used them in innovative ways to create structures, particularly gothic cathedrals and churches, of exceptional height and grandeur, filled with light from stained glass windows. notable examples of early gothic architecture in france include the ambulatory and facade of saint-denis basilica; sens cathedral; laon cathedral; senlis cathedral; and most famously notre-dame de paris. early english gothic was influenced by the french style, particularly in the new choir of canterbury cathedral, but soon developed it own particular characteristics, particularly an emphasis for length over height, and more complex and asymmetric floor plans, square rather than rounded east ends, and polychrome decoration, using purbeck marble. major examples are the nave and west front of wells cathedral, the choir of lincoln cathedral, and the early portions of salisbury cathedral.", "noyon cathedral, begun between 1150 and 1155, was the first of a series of famous cathedrals to appear in picardy, the prosperous region north of paris. the city an important connection with french history, as the coronation site of charlamagne and of the early french king hugh capet. the new cathedral still had many romanesque features, including prominent transepts with rounded ends and deep galleries, but it introduced several gothic innovations, including the fourth level, the triforium a narrow passageway between the ground-level gallery, the tribunes, and the top level clerestory, noyon also used massive compound piers alternating with round columns, necessary because of the uneven weight distribution from the six-part vaults. the east end has five radiating chapels and three levels of windows, creating a created a dramatic flood of light into the nave.", "variations of the flying buttress existed before the gothic period, but gothic architects developed them to a high degree of sophistication. by couterbalancing the thrust against the upper walls from the rib vaults, they made possible the great height, thin walls and large upper windows of the gothic cathedrals. the early gothic buttresses were placed close to the walls, and were columns of stone with a short arch to the upper level, between the windows. they were often topped by stone pinnacles both for decoration, and to make them even heavier.", "notre dame de paris was the largest of the early gothic cathedrals, and marked the summit of the early gothic in france. it was begun in 1163 by the bishop maurice de sully with the intention of surpassing all other existing churches in europe. the new cathedral was 122 meters long and 35 meters high, eleven meters higher than laon cathedral, the previous tallest church. it featured a central nave flanked by double collaterals, and a choir surrounded by a double ambulatory, without radiating chapels. (the current chapels were added between the buttresses in the 14th century). the builders covered the interior of the cathedral with six-part vaults, but unlike sens and other the earlier cathedrals they did not use alternating piers and columns to support them. the vaults were supported instead by bundles of three uninterrupted slender columns which were received by rows massive pillars with capitals decorated with classical decoration. this gave the nave greater harmony. the original elevation of notre dame had four levels, this was reduced to three in the 13th century, when it was decided that the interior was too dark, but it was returned to four levels around the transept during the restoration by viollet-le-duc. the flying buttress made its first appearance in paris in the early 13th century, either at notre dame, or perhaps earlier in the abbey of saint-germain-des-pres. the buttresses, in the form of half-arches, reached from the heavy buttresses outside the nave, over the top of the tribunes, and pressed directly against the upper walls of the nave, countering the outward thrust from the vaults. this made possible the installation of larger windows in the upper walls of the nave the buttresses.", "the plans of the early gothic cathedrals in france were usually in the form of a greek cross, and were relatively simple. sens cathedral, the first in france, was a good example; a facade with three portals and two towers; a long nave with collateral aisles; a rather long choir, a very short transept, and a rounded apse with a double ambulatory and radiating chapels. variations on this plan were used most early french cathedrals, including noyon cathedral and notre dame de paris. the plans of the early english gothic cathedrals were usually longer and much more complex, with additional transepts, attached chapels, external towers, and usually a rectangular west end. the choirs were often as long as the nave. the form expressed the multiple activities often going on simultaneously in the same building.", "laon cathedral (begun c. 1190), was built at the same time as notre dame de paris, and was an equally large project, but had a strikingly different appearance. laon was built upon a hilltop one hundred meters high, making it visible from a great distance. the hilltop imposed a special burden for the builders; all the stones had to be carried to the top of the hill in carts drawn by oxen. the oxen who did the work were honored by statues on the tower of the finished cathedral. laon was also unusual because of its five towers; two on the west front, two on the transepts, and an octagonal lantern on crossing. laon, like most early gothic cathedrals, had four interior levels. laon also had alternating octagonal and squar piers supporting the nave, but these rested upon massive pillars made of dreamlike sections of stone, giving it greater harmony and a greater sensation of length. the new cathedral was unusual in form; the apse on the east was flat, not rounded, and the choir was exceptionally long, nearly as long as the nave. another striking feature of laon cathedral were the three great rose windows, one on the west facade and two on the transepts. (only the west and north windows still remain). another unusual feature at laon is lantern tower at the transept crossing, most likely inspired by the norman gothic abbey churches in caen." ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/1642c144a921bfa7042a.jpg", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/bfea2827b4e8829aec4f.jpg" ]

[ "the spalding railway was a german narrow gauge railway system invented, patented and developed by heinrich andreas spalding in 1884 for forestry and agriculture applications. it was similar to the decauville railway, which had been invented and patented in france eight years earlier.", "the entrepreneur heinrich spalding from glewitz in western pomerania was the first german industrialist, who produced in 1884 a narrow-gauge tramway at his own risk for the transport of logs and firewood in the royal prussian forest grimnitz in the margraviate of brandenburg. the implementation this 3 kilometres (1.9mi) long tramway between two felling sites and the nearest navigable water at lake werbellin, resulted in cost savings of 11,387 marks during the transport of 8,536 m³ of pine and firewood over an average distance of 4.7 kilometres (2.9mi). the costs for providing the tramway amounted to 47,000 marks, so that the railway system should have paid off in four years. the german emperor william i, the patron of german hunting, rode in an improvised hunting saloon car on the portable track of the spalding railway to schorfheide. from there, for the first time in the history of hunting the german emperor's hunting bag of game was brought back from the forest by rail.", "the spalding railway used vignoles rails. the rail joints were initially supported by two wooden sleepers, one of them was wide and the other narrow (figure 18a), with the wide sleeper protruding beyond the end of one pair of rails, while the narrow one was recessed from the end of the other panel. when the prefabricated panels were joined together, the broad sleeper of one panel lay next to the narrow sleeper of the other. the free rail ends were bolted together using fishplates as in conventional tracks. the system had the advantage that required repairs were easy make but the height of the wooden sleepers prevented the use of horses, and level crossings with other traffic. the dolberg works in rostock improved the spalding system by using metal tie rods and by omitting the narrow wooden sleeper at one end of the panel. to secure the butt joint, the rails were hooked onto a metallic sleeper at one end. one rail was provided with a hooked tab which engaged around a metallic tie rod at the end of the other rails. th joint could only be taken apart by lifting the opposite end of the frame (figures 19 and 20). the easy disassembly allowed other traffic to cross easily at level crossings by simply lifting one or two sections from the rail line. the 2 m track sections with a gauge of 600 mm consisted of rails that were connected at both ends by metallic tie rods and rested on wooden sleepers. one man could carry a section with ease. curved sections were bent with a radius of 4 m. they were only 1.5 meters long and could be used for right and left turns. the 4 m long spalding universal switch was provided with guard rails, which should make a derailment impossible even if the points were set incorrectly. by simply unscrewing the rails from the pad and then re-assembling them upside-down, a right turn could be turned into a left turn and vice versa, since the switches were made of symmetrical double-headed rail profiles. turntables with connecting rails were used for right-angle turns. the turntable was easy and safe to operate, because it could be locked after each rotation by using a light lever." ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/d008601ab7dbab86e251.jpg", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/13b85dceadda715a5e13.jpg" ]

[ "the schlesinger race, also known as the \"rand race\", the \"portsmouth - johannesburg race\" or more commonly the 'african air race', took place in september 1936. the royal aero club announced the race on behalf of isidore william schlesinger who wanted to promote the empire exhibition, south africa and so offered a total of £10,000 in prize money to be divided into two sections, a speed race and a handicap race. the two sections were to be flown concurrently, but no competitor could win both first prizes. the race was wholly inspired by the very successful 1934 macrobertson air race to celebrate the centenary of the australian state of victoria. however, whilst that race was open to all-comers, schlesinger made the fundamental error of restricting the entry of the schlesinger race to british empire crews and machines only. this led directly to a much smaller entry and only one machine successfully completed the course after many aircraft either failed, crashed or given up. magazines of the time, such as the aeroplane and flight, were suitably scathing. macrobertson air race winner c.w.a.", "there were 14 entrants, but only nine aircraft took part in the race. tom campbell black was entered into the race in g-eakl percival mew gull but ten days before the start of the race he was fatally injured at speke airport while preparing for the race when flying officer peter stanley salter who was the assistant adjutant and chief flying instructor of no. 611 squadron taxied his hawker hart no. k3044 into black's aircraft which was also taxiing on the runway. black's fuselage was almost cut in two when the hart's propeller cut into it, mortally injuring black, who died in the ambulance in the way to hospital. two aircraft, miles peregrine and m. chand's percival vega gull were not ready, while john e. carberry's vega gull was damaged when beryl markham landed in a peat bog at balleine cove, cape breton island, after flying it across the atlantic ocean, 4–5 september. the race began at portsmouth aerodrome at 6.15 a.m. on tuesday, 29 september. the winners of the race were c. w. a. scott and giles guthrie. scott was famous for three england–australia records and winning the macrobertson air race with tom campell black two years earlier. scott and guthrie were flying g-aeke percival vega gull entered by giles' father sir connop guthrie and they reached at rand airport on 1 october 1936. the aircraft had left portsmouth 52 hours 56 minutes 48 seconds earlier. out of the original 14 entries to the race scott and guthrie were the only ones to finish, winning the 10,000 pounds prize money. they covered 6,150 miles at an all in average of 116 m.p.h. and at a flying average of 156.3 m.p.h. when scott put down at the rand airport, germiston, the vega gull was one of the only two machines definitely still in the race, and a few hours later tragedy overtook the other—the airspeed envoy flown by findlay and waller. — flight magazine, 8 october 1936 alington's and booth's b.a. eagle had a forced landing near regensburg in germany and damaged an undercarriage. a. miller, flying percival mew gull, had a forced landing before belgrade and withdrew. next, t. rose's b.a.4 double eagle got damaged on an airfield in cairo, due to undercarriage folding. victor smith flying miles sparrowhawk had problems with oil since salonika and eventually retired in khartoum. on 30 september, s. halse crashed his percival mew gull in a forced landing 20 miles before salisbury. d. llewellyn and c. hughesdon in percival vega gull had a forced landing before abercorn (today's mbala), on a shore of lake tanganika. in a difficult weather conditions, the airspeed envoy crashed during a take off from abercorn, killing the pilot maxwell findlay and radio operator a. morgan, while kenneth waller and the passenger derek peachey escaped with injuries. finally, a.e. clouston made a forced crash landing 150 miles south of salisbury in his miles hawk six. in 1937 charles e. gardner went on to win the king's cup race in the repaired mew gull g-aekl in which black had suffered his fatal accident. guthrie also flew in this race in vega gull g-afau, finishing in fifth place. due to the fact that only one entrant finished the race, schlesinger suggested that the finishers money which would remain unclaimed should be paid to the dependants of findlay and morgan, who met with a fatal accident in the race." ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/9bb08c1b19f334193360.JPG" ]

[ "totsky district is an administrative and municipal district, one of the thirty-five in orenburg oblast, russia. it is located in the west of the oblast. the area of the district is 3,100 square kilometers. its administrative center is the rural locality of totskoye. population: 32,866; 41,332; 32,174. the population of totskoye accounts for 21.0% of the district's total population.", "totsky district (russian: то́цкий райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-five in orenburg oblast, russia. it is located in the west of the oblast. the area of the district is 3,100 square kilometers (1,200sqmi). its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of totskoye. population: 32,866 (2010 census); 41,332 (2002 census); 32,174 (1989 census). the population of totskoye accounts for 21.0% of the district's total population." ]

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[ "this is a list of wings in the united states air force, focusing on afcon wings. air force active duty and civilian personnel strength now must be at 1,000 or more for wings.", "" ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/39ce29e4cb9dab203ed7.jpg" ]

[ "port melbourne is an inner suburb of melbourne, australia, 3 km south-west from the melbourne central business district. it is split between the local government areas of melbourne and port phillip. the area to the north of the west gate freeway is in the city of melbourne. the area to the south is in the city of port phillip. at the 2016 census, port melbourne had a population of 16,175. the suburb is bordered by the shores of hobsons bay and the lower reaches of the yarra river. port melbourne covers a large area, which includes the distinct localities of fishermans bend, garden city and beacon cove. historically it was known as sandridge and developed as the city's second port, linked to the nearby melbourne cbd. the formerly industrial port melbourne has been subject to intense urban renewal over the past two decades. as a result, port melbourne is a diverse and historic area, featuring industrial and port areas along the yarra, to open parklands, bayside beaches, exclusive apartments and bay street's restaurants and cafes. the suburb also forms a major transport link from east to west, home to one end of the west gate bridge.", "the most prominent early resident of the area, now known as port melbourne, was captain wilbraham frederick evelyn liardet, who arrived in 1839, and established a hotel, jetty, and mail service. liardet later stated that before his arrival the surveyor william wedge darke and his family had camped on the beach in their two roomed, carpeted wooden caravan known as 'darke's ark'. liardet credited wedge with cutting the first track to the beach through the tea tree scrub and hoisting a barrel on a pole, on a high section of ground, to point the way back to the melbourne settlement. from this signpost its first official name, 'sandridge', was said to have originated. the area also became commonly known as 'liardet's beach' but liardet himself was said to have preferred 'brighton'. it became port melbourne in 1884. the area came into prominence during the victorian gold rush of the 1850s. with an increasing number of ships looking to berth, sandridge became a thriving transport hub. to alleviate the high costs of shipping goods via small vessels up the yarra river to melbourne the port melbourne railway line was built in 1854 to connect sandridge to melbourne. the disused sandridge bridge takes its name from this historic railway line. in 1860, port melbourne was an early area of victoria to gain municipal status, with the sandridge borough, which later became the city of port melbourne. in the early years of port melbourne, the suburb was separated from neighboring albert park by a large shallow lagoon. this was gradually filled in over the years, with the last of it completed in 1929. today, the area is largely covered by the eponymous lagoon reserve, a public park to the east of the esplanade, between liardet street and graham street, although the original extent of the lagoon was much greater. as a transport hub, port melbourne had numerous hotels. early industries included a sugar refining, soap production, candle works, chemical works, rice and flour mills, gasworks, a distillery and a boot factory. station and princes piers were major places of arrival to australia for immigrants prior to the availability of affordable air travel. for many years port melbourne was a focus of melbourne's criminal underworld, which operated smuggling syndicates on the docks. the old ships painters and dockers union was notorious for being controlled by gangsters. the waterside workers federation, on the other hand, was a stronghold of the communist party of australia. with the amalgamation of the local council into the city of port phillip in 1994, many of port melbourne's civic institutions were adaptively reused. as a result, the port melbourne town hall is now a public library. as the importance of the port has declined, and as manufacturing industries have moved out of the inner city area, port melbourne has increasingly become a residential suburb. the area where port melbourne originally developed, around station pier and princes pier, has been redeveloped with a mixture of apartment complexes and medium-density housing, the best known of which is the beacon cove development.", "today, port melbourne still serves as a transport hub for passenger and cargo vessels. many luxury liners, naval vessels and ferries arrive at station pier, including the daily ferry service, the spirit of tasmania, operated by tt-line, to tasmania. cargo traffic takes place further west, near the mouth of the yarra river, principally at webb dock." ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/ef751e24c24d3c72422b.jpg" ]

[ "the siberian elm cultivar ulmus pumila 'dropmore' was grown from seed collected by f. l. skinner, of dropmore, manitoba, in harbin, china." ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/75ab23a47da5f8e5dc56.png" ]

[ "gregory county is a county in the u.s. state of south dakota. as of the 2010 united states census, the population was 4,271. its county seat is burke. the county was created in 1862 and organized in 1898. it was named for the politician j. shaw gregory." ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/0b14e507a7a522f34f08.JPG", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/e5139ecd25eec7a998c5.jpg" ]

[ "matong is a town in the central east part of the riverina region of new south wales, australia. the town is 37 kilometres east of narrandera and 26 kilometres west of coolamon. at the 2016 census, matong had a population of 164 people.", "" ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/2127050f716bc93976e6.jpg", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/1698599b5f9b4dc0711c.jpg", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/0ea547c9220d5457c0cc.jpg", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/00bb114ea4939bd712d4.jpg", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/d7d31b0d63df26fbd865.jpg", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/2ceb6bcb7622ae914706.jpg", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/8383b182eef56a6e95aa.jpg", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/719588eb2b0b97e7059c.jpg", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/8fecb8d1248645b74689.jpg", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/50f8a155e52bcf62ed8e.jpg", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/c47cddbff52e717b9510.jpg", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/1422687216fddaab1fe4.jpg", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/a3905c3d61e566298547.jpg", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/7032e5855028641fedb3.JPEG", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/bf11aa6976c407ab6480.jpg", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/1726b8e157d78165804e.jpg", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/249efd9b45f3573442c0.jpg", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/4a3afe197470f6571708.jpg", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/7b353ee0df61a6dc01f0.jpg", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/090017116868f3b8d97d.jpg", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/1677e90968ea22a727d7.jpg", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/e6b0f26b3c2950c9b95d.jpg" ]

[ "this is a list of equipment of the russian ground forces currently in service.", "kamaz-43269 dozorarmoured reconnaissance vehicle unknownrussiar-149aksh command-staff vehicle unknownrussiait is based on a kamaz-5350 vehicle.r-419mp/gm/r-416gm/tsrrs radio-relay stations unknownrussiar-419mp is in the photo. tsrrs is based on a kamaz-5350 vehicle.r-441-lm/ov liven/digital mobile complex of cellular communication/ape-3/5/p-244 and 243p satellite communication stations/mobile communications-control stations/digital mobile complex of secret telephone communication and mobile super-protected telecommunications complex unknownrussiabased on ural-375 or a kamaz chassis respectively (software manufactured by defence contractor rusbitech). p-260 redut-2us autonomous telecommunications complex unknownrussialegenda/p-240 pereselenets/mt-67m and r-142/pngk-1m/radii-brc satellite communication station/digital communication complex/command-staff vehicles/mobile navigation-geodetic system/mobile protection system unknownrussia pereselenets and r-142 mounted on a kamaz-53501 vehicle.radiolampa/r-160/r-448m auriga-1.2v/p-390m3 intelligence system/medium power communications station/satellite communications system and a component of the mk vtr-016 (мк втр-016) mobile video transmission system/courier-postal vehicle unknownrussiaam-1/medovukha and p-230t all-terrain vehicle/mobile telecommunications system and command-staff vehicle more than 50/unknown russiafour-wheelers, used by special forces./built on a tigr vehicle. the p-230t is visible in the photo. tda-2k smoke vehicle unknownsoviet uniontda-3 smoke vehicle unknownrussia it is based on a kamaz-5350. rpz-8h smoke fields control equipment.silok/bushprit anti-drone ew complex/automated uavs control system unknownrussia silok is in the photo. utm-80m decontamination vehicleunknownrussiapm rkhbz-1 cbrn protection troops mobile repair shop unknownrussiait is carried by a kamaz-5350 vehicle. krpp-2 control-distribution mobile point based on a kamaz cross-country vehicle.k-612-o/kdkhr-1n nuclear explosions detection station/chemical analysis station unknownsoviet unionk-612-o is in the photo. kdkhr-1n is based on mt-lb vehicle.tms-65 decontamination vehicle unknownsoviet union/russiait is carried by a ural-375 vehicle.ars-14km decontamination vehicle50–100 russia it is based on a kamazrpmk-1 ulibkа-м/ptts-1 volynets/mes-btm/ap-3/ussa-1845 meteorological system/mobile digital technological system/electronic special equipment workshop/medical system/ambulance unknownrussiathey are carried by a kamaz or a ural vehicle respectively.usso/krpp decontamination vehicle/special process control system unknownrussiathey are carried by kamaz trucks.sko-10 gigiena water treatment station unknownrussiait is carried by a kamaz-6350 or ural-5323 truck.sanr-10m \"pantera\"armoured reconnaissance vehicle unknownrussiam1 variant is in production.brm-3k \"rys\"armoured reconnaissance vehicle unknownrussiarkhm-4armoured chemical reconnaissance vehicle unknownrussiarpm-2armoured chemical reconnaissance vehicle unknownrussiarast-3k computational and analytical station of the cbrn protection troops unknownrussiait is carried by a kamaz-5350 vehicle. rkhm-6 povozkaarmoured chemical reconnaissance vehicle unknownrussia1v12m and 1v152artillery command-reconnaissance vehicles unknownrussia1l219m zoopark-1counter-battery radar unknownrussiaas4350 and bmm-80/linza sanitary vehicle and armoured ambulances unknownrussiabased on an automobile, a btr-80 or a kamaz typhoon vehicle respectively. as4350 is in the photo.nebo-sv/s nebo-m air surveillance radar over 50 soviet union/russiaplans to have 100 complete by the end of the 2010s 9s15 obzor target acquisition radar for s-300vunknownsoviet union/russia9s18 kupoltarget acquisition radar unknownsoviet union/russia1l122 garmonyair surveillance radar unknownrussiaportable version is supplied.polyana-d4air defence battle management system unknownsoviet union/russia9s737м ranzhir-mair defence battle management system unknownsoviet unionppru-1 ovod-m-svair defence battle management system unknownsoviet union9s932t-1 barna", "kamaz typhoonmine-resistant ambush-protected truck 310russiamore in production. part of the typhoon program. ural typhoonmine-resistant ambush-protected truck 180russiapart of the typhoon program. bulat (apc)armoured personnel carrier 15–30russiaanother 50 vehicles on order.btr-90armoured personnel carrier 80–139russiathe orders for the russian ministry of defence were stopped in 2011, and production subsequently halted. the units completed before then remain in active service. btr-80/82aarmoured personnel carrier ≈1,292russiaover 1,000 btr-82as. currently one of the main armoured personnel carriers of the russian army with over 20,000 apcs in total. btr-70armoured personnel carrier ≈95soviet unionbtr-60armoured personnel carrier active: ≈17 reserve: c.3,663soviet unionbrdm-2armoured car active: 1,000 reserve: 1,000soviet unioncurrently being replaced. mt-lbarmoured personnel carrier active: ≈1,493 reserve: 5,000soviet unioncurrently being modernised.", "gp-25/30/3440mm vog-25 underslung grenade launchersoviet union / russiacan be fitted to akm, ak-74, an-94, and ak-100 series rifles. bs-1 tishina30mm underslung grenade launcher soviet unioncan be fitted to aks-74u carbine. rg-6/6g3040mm vog-25 multi-shot grenade launcherrussia6-round capacity in revolver style cylinders. rgm-4040mm vog-25 single-shot grenade launcherrussiastand-alone version of gp-25 with telescoping stock, flip-up sights and ak-type pistol-grip ags-1730×29mm automatic grenade launchersoviet unionbelt fed with 29-round drums, high rate of fire. ags-3030×29mm automatic grenade launcher russiabelt fed with 29-round drums, replacement for ags-17.ags-4040mm automatic grenade launcher russiaentered service in 2018, after the completion of operational tests and evaluation.gm-9443mm multi-shot grenade launcher russia3-round tube magazine, pump action, optimized for close quarters battle using grenades with a small kill radius.", "dragunov svd7.62×54mmrsemi-automatic sniper rifle/designated marksman riflesoviet union / russia10-round magazine, semi auto, main service sniper rifle. russian-origin 9.3×64mm svdk variant is used for dealing with targets behind heavy cover, while svds variant is used by special forces.sv-987.62×54mmrbolt action sniper riflerussia10-round removable magazine, iron and telescopic sights svdm7.62×54mmrsemi-automatic sniper rifle/designated marksman rifle russia10-round magazine, semi auto. introduced as part of the ratnik infantry combat system. asvk-m kord-m12.7×108mmanti-materiel riflerussia5-round magazine, bolt action. introduced as part of the ratnik infantry combat system.vss \"vintorez\"9×39mmsuppressed sniper riflesoviet union/russia10- or 20-round magazine, semi or full auto, uses an integrated suppressor. vssm variant introduced as part of the ratnik infantry combat system.asvk12.7×108mmanti-materiel rifle russia5-round magazine, bolt action.osv-9612.7×108mmanti-materiel rifle russia5-round magazine, semi auto, can be folded in half, limited usage.", "mon-50tripwire/command anti-personnel minesoviet unionpropels ~485/540 steel projectiles to a kill radius of 50 meters. mon-90tripwire/command anti-personnel mine soviet unionpropels ~2000 steel projectiles to a kill radius of 90 meters. mon-100tripwire/command anti-personnel mine soviet unionpropels ~400 steel projectiles to a kill radius of 100 meters. mon-200tripwire/command anti-personnel mine russiaa larger and more powerful version of the mon-100. ozmtripwire/command/pressure anti-personnel mine soviet union~500g tnt, fragmentation mine. pomztripwire/command/pressure anti-personnel mine soviet union~75g tnt, fragmentation mine. pmnpressure anti-personnel mine soviet union~240g tnt, anti-personnel blast mine. tm-46pressure anti-tank minesoviet union5.7kg tnt. tm-57pressure anti-tank mine soviet union6.3kg tnt. tm-62pressure anti-tank mine soviet union7.5kg tnt. tm-83seismic sensor/optical sensor anti-tank mine russia~13kg tnt. tm-89magnetic sensor anti-tank mine russia~10kg tnt.", "bat-2combat engineering vehicle unknownsoviet unionb10m2s and bts-150b armored bulldozer/tracked drilling rigunknownrussia b10m2s is in the image. inflatable military dummyunknownrussia mkt-2p camouflage kit is also supplied.idk/bmk-mo and mt/rotan/snl-8 engineering-landing craft/motorboats/boats unknownrussiakrvd/pirk/mto-ub and parm-1am1 combat engineering vehicle/mobile repair complexes unknownrussiathe first 3 are based on a kamaz-63501 and ural-4320 or kamaz-5350 vehicles.imr-2 imr-3mcombat engineering vehicle unknownsoviet union russiairm \"zhuk\"engineer reconnaissance vehicle unknownsoviet unionbrem-1 brem-1marmoured recovery vehicle unknownsoviet union russiabrem-l \"beglianka\"armoured recovery vehicle unknownrussiabrem-kwheeled armoured recovery vehicle unknownrussiamtu-72 mtu-90tracked armoured vehicle-launched bridge unknownsoviet union russiatmm-6wheeled vehicle-launched bridge unknownrussiapbu-100drilling vehicle unknownrussiatmm-3wheeled vehicle-launched bridge unknownrussiatmm-3m2 variant replacing tmm-3m entered service in 2016 and is based on a kamaz-53501 vehicle.rem-klarmoured recovery vehicle unknownrussia based on an all-terrain vehicle ural-532362.micr (микр)/kmv-10k mine clearing vehicle/military crane-manipulator unknownrussiabaz-6403 tank transporter unknownrussiaural-63704 tank transporter unknownrussiabmr-3marmoured mine clearing vehicle unknownrussiabmr-3ma vepr variant entered production in 2016.ur-77 meteorit ur-07armoured mine-clearing line charge launcher unknownsoviet union russiagmz-3 minelayerunknownsoviet unionmdk-3trencherunknownsoviet unionbtm-3trencher unknownsoviet unionpmpfloating bridgeunknownsoviet unionpps-84 and pmp-2m variants are in production.eov-3521wheeled excavatorunknownrussiaeov-4421wheeled excavatorunknownsoviet unionkraz-255b chassis ks-3574m3wheeled craneunknownrussiaeov-3523wheeled excavator unknownrussiaks-3574/m1wheeled craneunknownrussiaks-55729-7mwheeled craneunknownrussiaks-55729-7m and ks-45719-7m are based on a kamaz-5350 vehicle.pp-2005pontoon bridge unknownrussiasuccessor to the pmp floating bridge. it is based on a kamaz-63501 vehicle.", "uaz-469light utility vehicleunknownsoviet unionuaz-452light utility vehicle unknownsoviet unionuaz-3132light utility vehicle unknownrussiauaz-3163light utility vehicle unknownrussiapartial replacement of uaz-469gaz-2975 tigrinfantry mobility vehicle russiaorganic 4x4 luv of the russian armed forces. tigr-m variant entered service in the first half of 2013.bmo-theavy flamethrower personnel carrier unknownrussiaiveco lmvinfantry mobility vehicle 418italyproduction halted.kamaz-65115medium cargo truck unknownrussiaasmp luidor special vehicle unknownrussiait is based on a gazelle vehicle.gaz-33097light cargo truck unknownrussiazil-4334medium cargo truck unknownrussiaural-43206 light cargo truck unknownrussiaural-4320medium cargo truck unknownsoviet union russiaural-5323heavy cargo truck unknownrussiakamaz 43501light cargo truck unknownrussiakamaz-5350medium cargo truck unknownrussiakamaz-6350 mustangheavy cargo truck unknownrussiakamaz-65225tractor unit unknownrussiadt30 vityazarticulated tracked transport vehicle unknownsoviet union russiagaz-3351 los'articulated tracked transport vehicle unknownrussiagaz-3344 articulated tracked transport vehicle unknownrussiakamaz-5350-379 armoured personnel carrier unknownrussiait is equipped with an armored module mm-501.ptsamphibious tracked transport carrier unknownsoviet union russiapts-4 variant passed tests in 2011.", "t-14main battle tank russiabased on the armata universal combat platform. planned to replace the t-72, t-80 and t-90, which will all go into reserve storage. several versions will be developed.t-15heavy infantry fighting vehiclerussiabased on the armata universal combat platform. heavy ifv meant to replace the btr-t. kurganets-25infantry fighting vehicle/armoured personnel carrierrussia planned to replace the bmp series. it has ifv and apc variants. bumeranginfantry fighting vehicle/armoured personnel carrierrussiaplanned to replace the btr series.", "9k32 strela-275mm man-portable air-defense systemsoviet uniondesignated sa-7 \"grail\" by nato. 9k34 strela-375mm man-portable air-defense system soviet uniondesignated sa-14 \"gremlin\" by nato. 9k38 igla72mm man-portable air-defense system soviet union / russiadifferent soviet and russian variants are designated sa-16 \"gimlet\", sa-18 \"grouse\" and sa-24 \"grinch\" by nato. 9k333 verba72mm man-portable air-defense system russiaequipped with an automated fire control system.modelimagediameter/detonationtypeorigindetails", "2s1 gvozdika122mm self-propelled howitzer active: ≈622 reserve: 1400+soviet unioncurrently under modernisation. 2s3 akatsiya152mm self-propelled howitzer active: ≈931 reserve: 1,600soviet union currently under modernisation.2s4 tyulpan240mm self-propelled gun-mortar active: ≈8 reserve: 120soviet unioncurrently under modernisation.2s5 giatsint-s152mm self-propelled howitzer active: ≈204 reserve: 500soviet unionmodernised or new guns are delivered.2s7m malka203mm self-propelled howitzer ≈60soviet unioncurrently under modernisation2s19 msta-s/2s19m1 and 2s19m2 msta-sm2152mm self-propelled howitzer active: ≈750 reserve: ≈270soviet union/russiamore in production.2s23 nona-svkself-propelled 120mm mortar ≈50soviet unionmore in production.2s34 chosta120mm self-propelled howitzer ≈54russiano plans to be replaced. 2s35 koalitsiya-sv152mm self-propelled howitzer ≈12russiacurrently undergoing trials. planned to replace the 2s19 msta.", "mkkv-1000mobile water treatment and conservation systemrussiaaccepted for supply in 2020. based on a kamaz-63501.kamaz atspt-5,6tank truckrussiaubimarmored engineer vehiclerussiacompleted trials in 2020." ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/da20edd7ae8c00beb72c.png" ]

[ "robert acquafresca is an italian footballer who plays as a striker. he is a free agent since 1 july 2019. he is a former italy under-21 international and represented italy at the 2008 summer olympics.", "robert acquafresca ([ˈrɔːbert akkwaˈfreska]; born 11 september 1987) is an italian footballer who plays as a striker. he is a free agent since 1 july 2019. he is a former italy under-21 international and represented italy at the 2008 summer olympics." ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/425748d8026c2316c70c.jpg" ]

[ "slavery in illinois existed for more than a century. illinois did not become a state until 1818, but earlier regional systems of government had already established slavery. france introduced african slavery to the illinois country in the early eighteenth century. french and other inhabitants of illinois continued the practice of owning slaves throughout the illinois country's period of british rule, as well as after its transfer to the new united states in 1783 as illinois county, virginia. the northwest ordinance banned slavery in illinois and the rest of the northwest territory. nonetheless, slavery remained a contentious issue, through the period when illinois was part of the indiana territory and the illinois territory and some slaves remained in bondage after statehood until their gradual emancipation by the illinois supreme court. thus the history of slavery in illnois covers several sometimes overlapping periods: french; british; virginia; united states northwest territory, indiana territory, illinois territory and the state of illinois. during the early decades of statehood, the number of slaves in illinois dwindled.", "slavery in illinois existed for more than a century. illinois did not become a state until 1818, but earlier regional systems of government had already established slavery. france introduced african slavery to the illinois country in the early eighteenth century. french and other inhabitants of illinois continued the practice of owning slaves throughout the illinois country's period of british rule (1763-1783), as well as after its transfer to the new united states in 1783 as illinois county, virginia. the northwest ordinance (1787) banned slavery in illinois and the rest of the northwest territory. nonetheless, slavery remained a contentious issue, through the period when illinois was part of the indiana territory and the illinois territory and some slaves remained in bondage after statehood until their gradual emancipation by the illinois supreme court. thus the history of slavery in illnois covers several sometimes overlapping periods: french (c. 1660s-1764); british (c. 1763-1783); virginia (c. 1778-1785); united states northwest territory (1787-1800), indiana territory (1800-1809), illinois territory (1809-1818) and the state of illinois (after 1818). during the early decades of statehood, the number of slaves in illinois dwindled. in the decade before the american civil war an anti-black law was adopted in the state which made it difficult for new black emigrants to enter or live in illinois. near the close of the civil war, illinois repealed that law and became the first state to ratify the thirteenth amendment to the constitution of the united states, which abolished slavery nationally." ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/6df9919980b3d88801e3.jpg" ]

[ "the danske kvinders forsvarsforening, or danish women's defence association, was a danish women's organization established in 1907 to improve the readiness of the danish armed forces as tensions increased across europe. with a membership of some 50,000, it was one of the largest danish women's organizations up to the first world war. politically neutral, it had chapters throughout the country. with a view to making denmark's neutrality more convincing, it sensitized politicians to the need for more effective armed forces while encouraging men to take renewed interest in defence. in 1913, a collection from its membership provided funding for ammunition and uniforms for the voluntary shooting corps. after women had obtained voting rights in 1915, it was decided future progress on defence should be based on their political involvement. the organization was therefore dissolved in 1921. leading figures included charlotte norrie, founder and president 1907–15, agnes slott-møller, president 1915–17, and kirsten langkilde, president 1917–19. mathilde malling and johanne münter were also active members of the organization.", "the danske kvinders forsvarsforening (dkf), or danish women's defence association, was a danish women's organization established in 1907 to improve the readiness of the danish armed forces as tensions increased across europe. with a membership of some 50,000, it was one of the largest danish women's organizations up to the first world war. politically neutral, it had chapters throughout the country. with a view to making denmark's neutrality more convincing, it sensitized politicians to the need for more effective armed forces while encouraging men to take renewed interest in defence. in 1913, a collection from its membership provided funding for ammunition and uniforms for the voluntary shooting corps. after women had obtained voting rights in 1915, it was decided future progress on defence should be based on their political involvement. the organization was therefore dissolved in 1921. leading figures included charlotte norrie, founder and president 1907–15, agnes slott-møller, president 1915–17, and kirsten langkilde, president 1917–19. mathilde malling and johanne münter were also active members of the organization. given the continued support for the aims of the organization south of the new danish border in southern jutland, on the initiative of ellen bjerre, julie ramsing and dagmar schmiegelow, in 1921 a new organization was created as danske kvinders slesvigske forening (danish women's scheswig association)." ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/9e600a73ce939fcc0cdb.jpg", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/3124cecb26b2a7f80f85.jpg", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/61b4c3c8ef7de2230301.png", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/213dc571068fe5c1d77c.jpg", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/a20df0a59b7d14ae9dbf.jpg", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/53efc43ee60c8d05ae9e.jpg" ]

[ "the armenians in syria are syrian citizens of either full or partial armenian descent. syria and the surrounding areas have often served as a refuge for armenians who fled from wars and persecutions such as the armenian genocide. however, there has been an armenian presence in the region since the byzantine era. according to the ministry of diaspora of armenia, the estimated number of armenians in syria is 100,000, with more than 60,000 of them centralized in aleppo. with other estimates by armenian foundations in syria putting the number around 70–80,000. however, since the start of the conflict, 16,623 syrian citizens of ethnic armenian background have arrived in armenia. of these displaced persons, 13,000 remained and found protection in armenia as of july 2015. the government is offering several protection options including simplified naturalization by armenian descent, accelerated asylum procedures and facilitated short, mid and long-term residence permits.", "the armenians in syria are syrian citizens of either full or partial armenian descent. syria and the surrounding areas have often served as a refuge for armenians who fled from wars and persecutions such as the armenian genocide. however, there has been an armenian presence in the region since the byzantine era. according to the ministry of diaspora of armenia, the estimated number of armenians in syria is 100,000, with more than 60,000 of them centralized in aleppo. with other estimates by armenian foundations in syria putting the number around 70–80,000. however, since the start of the conflict, 16,623 syrian citizens of ethnic armenian background have arrived in armenia. of these displaced persons, 13,000 remained and found protection in armenia as of july 2015. the government is offering several protection options including simplified naturalization by armenian descent (15,000 persons acquired armenian citizenship), accelerated asylum procedures and facilitated short, mid and long-term residence permits. according to hranush hakobyan only 15,000 armenians are left in syria and the rest have been settled in armenia or nagorno karabakh, with another 8,000 having left for lebanon, and others going to destinations including europe, the united states and canada. however, armenian foundations in syria estimate around 35,000 are left based on rough estimates, including a method which multiplies the number of students enrolled in armenian minority schools by 3 or 4, since minors would only take up around 25-30% of an age pyramid. azerbaijan has raised concerns over resettlement of syrian armenians in the disputed territory of nagorno karabakh. the syrian border villages of kessab and yakubiyah had armenian majorities prior to the civil war. kessab was attacked and looted by islamist syrian rebels who were given safe passage by turkey through turkish land, though they were later expelled by the syrian army. yacubiyah had its armenian population expelled by jabhat al-nusra. in 2018 professor john shoup said that the armenian population in syria formed about 2% of the country's total population, making them the fifth largest ethnic group in the country.", "armenian evangelicals (also known as armenian protestants), belong to union of the armenian evangelical churches in the near east of the armenian evangelical church. the armenian evangelical community in syria has the following church buildings: emmanuel church of aleppo bethel church of aleppo martyrs' church of aleppo church of christ of aleppo holy trinity church of kessab emmanuel church of ekizolukh, kessab the armenian evangelical church of keorkeuna, kessab the armenian evangelical church of karadouran, kessab", "on april 24, 2019 the \"martyr nubar ozanyan brigade\" was formed as an armenian brigade of the syrian democratic forces on the anniversary of the armenian genocide in the marziya church in tell goran.", "the majority of armenians of the armenian apostolic (also known as oriental orthodox armenian) faith are under the jurisdiction of the holy see of cilicia (based in antelias, lebanon) of the armenian apostolic church. however, the diocese of damascus pledges allegiance to the mother see of holy etchmiadzin. the apostolic armenian population in syria belongs to one of the 3 following prelacies: diocese of beroea (in aleppo), was founded in 1432 by the great house of cilicia. hovakim of beroea became the first bishop of aleppo between 1432 and 1442. the estimated population of the diocese all over syria is about 70,000 armenians. the prelacy has the following church buildings under its jurisdiction in syria: forty martyrs cathedral of aleppo (1491) surp krikor lusavorich (saint gregory the illuminator) church of aleppo surp hagop church of aleppo (1943) surp kevork church of aleppo (1965) church of the holy mother of god of aleppo (1983) surp hripsime church of yacoubiyah village surp anna church of yacoubiyah village holy mother of god church of latakia holy mother of god church of kessab holy mother of god church of karadouran, kessab surp stepanos church of karadouran, kessab surp kevork armenian church of ghnemiyeh village surp stepanos church of aramo village holy cross church of tell abyad armenian genocide martyrs' memorial church-complex of deir ez-zor holy resurrection chapel of margadeh village diocese of jezireh (in qamishli) under the jurisdiction of the great house of cilicia. the prelacy has the following church buildings under its jurisdiction in syria: surp hagop cathedral in qamishli surp hovhannu garabed church in al-hasakah holy mother of god church in al-malikiyah (formerly dayrik) holy mother of god church in ras al-ayn diocese of damascus under the jurisdiction of the mother see of holy etchmiadzin. the prelacy has the following church buildings under its jurisdiction in syria: surp sarkis cathedral of damascus surp mesrob mashdots church of homs" ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/4deb0914172098f21d59.JPG", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/13ec6a40d107e8bdf8ff.JPG", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/f6f4b9250184c715e51e.JPG", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/e6c97a0bd6876e9112f4.JPG" ]

[ "słowiński national park is a national park in pomeranian voivodeship, northern poland. it is situated on the baltic coast, between łeba and rowy. the northern boundary of the park consists of 32.5 kilometres of coastline.", "" ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/a03667bcefe259ae3104.JPG" ]

[ "climaciella brunnea, known sometimes by the common names wasp mantidfly and brown mantidfly, is a predatory neuropteran hybrid insect in the family mantispidae.", "" ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/08e5bacd64360aff5e50.jpg" ]

[ "kingspan group plc is a building materials company based in ireland trading in over 70 countries with over 100 factories employing some 13,500 people. the company operates with 5 divisions.", "founded in the 1960s by eugene murtagh, the company floated on the irish stock exchange in 1989 with a value of ir£20m. it expanded into insulated panels and rigid insulation board via numerous greenfield plants, and acquisitions including the european insulation arm of crh plc in 2010 and the construction division of thyssenkrupp steel in 2012. the year 2010 showed the first growth in sales for three years. in august 2012 the company bought rigidal industries." ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/05a4fd6d2dcd61561cd7.jpg" ]

[ "sir john eric erichsen, 1st baronet was a danish-born british surgeon.", "erichsen began his medical studies at university college, london under robert liston. going on to paris, he witnessed his first colotomy under amussat before returning to london as house surgeon. he devoted himself in the early years of his career to physiology, and lecturing on general anatomy and physiology at university college hospital. in 1844 erichsen was secretary to the physiological section of the british association, and in 1845 he was awarded the fothergillian gold medal of the royal humane society for his essay on asphyxia. in 1848 he was appointed assistant surgeon at university college hospital, and in 1850 became full surgeon and professor of surgery, his lectures and clinical teaching being much admired; and in 1875 he joined the consulting staff. in june 1876 he was elected a fellow of the royal society. by 1887, he held his most prestigious honor of president of the council of university college. his science and art of surgery (1853) went through many editions, of which marcus beck had the 8th and 9th editions include joseph lister's antiseptic techniques and pasteur and robert koch's germ theory. he rose to be president of the royal college of surgeons of england in 1880. from 1879 to 1881 he was president of the royal medical and chirurgical society. he was created a baronet in 1895, having been for some years surgeon-extraordinary to queen victoria. as a surgeon his reputation was world-wide, and he counts (says sir w. maccormac in his volume on the centenary of the royal college of surgeons) among the makers of modern surgery. he was a recognized authority on concussion of the spine, and was often called to give evidence in court on apparent cases of railway spine. erichsen is inaccurately credited with this statement from 1873: \"there cannot always be fresh fields of conquest by the knife; there must be portions of the human frame that will ever remain sacred from its intrusions, at least in the surgeon's hands. that we have already, if not quite, reached these final limits, there can be little question. the abdomen, the chest, and the brain will be forever shut from the intrusion of the wise and humane surgeon.\" (quoted in christopher cerf and victor navasky (eds.), i wish i hadn't said that: the experts speak and get it wrong! (2000), 31. (cf. clarke's first law, from profiles of the future – see wikipedia article, clarke's three laws: \"when a distinguished but elderly scientist states that something is possible, he is almost certainly right. when he states that something is impossible, he is very probably wrong.\") the correct quotation is \"there cannot always be fresh fields for conquest by the knife. there must be portions of the human frame that will ever remain sacred from its intrusion – at least, in the surgeon’s hand. that we have nearly, if not quite, reached these final limits there can be little question.\" the final sentence in the inaccurately quoted statement actually comes from a biography of joseph lister, written well after erichsen died, in which the following sentence appears: \"mr. erichsen believed that the abdomen, the brain, and the chest would be for ever shut from the intrusions of a wise and humane surgeon.\" later writers falsely attributed these words by the biographer to erichsen himself, but this is attribution is inappropriate: the text in erichsen's 1873 address immediately following the quoted sentences mentions surgical procedures \"from the base of the brain to the lowest organ in the pelvic cavity\" as \"triumphs of the surgeon's art.\" a more complete reading of erichsen's address suggests that his views were much more nuanced." ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/df709ca6408c6e579ae2.jpg", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/972b1cb13c95dcec704b.jpg" ]

[ "a weight training bench is a piece of equipment that has a resemblance to a normal bench, but is designed for use in weight training. weight training benches may be of various designs: fixed horizontal, fixed inclined, fixed in a folded position, with one adjustable portion, with two or more adjustable portions, with racks to hold bars, etc. in the limit, the definition of a bench blurs into that of combinations that mix a bench and associated equipment. benches are manufactured by many different vendors, in an array of qualities, features, and prices.", "a weight training bench is a piece of equipment that has a resemblance to a normal (e.g. park) bench, but is designed for use in weight training. weight training benches may be of various designs: fixed horizontal, fixed inclined, fixed in a folded position, with one adjustable portion, with two or more adjustable portions, with racks to hold bars, etc. in the limit, the definition of a bench blurs into that of combinations that mix a bench and associated equipment. benches are manufactured by many different vendors, in an array of qualities, features, and prices." ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/0d3ac7ecb14a3e5e6ff1.jpg", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/8116cb18f9f64b66518b.jpg" ]

[ "bejai is one of the major localities in mangalore city, karnataka, india. the series of bharath malls, bharath mall & bharath mall 2, are located here. it is one of the upscale & the busiest residential cum commercial localities of mangalore. bejai - kadri belt is also regarded as the manhattan of mangalore with many high-rise buildings. one notable project in bejai is palace gardens which provides eco-friendly affordable luxury apartments.", "bejai is one of the major localities in mangalore city, karnataka, india. the series of bharath malls, bharath mall & bharath mall 2 (under construction), are located here. it is one of the upscale & the busiest residential cum commercial localities of mangalore. bejai - kadri belt is also regarded as the manhattan of mangalore with many high-rise buildings. one notable project in bejai is palace gardens which provides eco-friendly affordable luxury apartments.", "" ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/2ae7839164b4e56ca6c8.jpg" ]

[ "voe is a village in delting parish on mainland, shetland, scotland. it is one of the three main settlements in delting. it is at the junction of the a968 and a970 roads. the sail loft in voe was once a store for sail fishing boats' gear and later a knitwear workshop, but is now the largest of the shetland amenities trust's camping böds. it stands between the tideline and the bakery, in an idyllic pier side setting at the head of a mini-fjord. suitable for larger parties, it makes an ideal central base for exploring the islands. it is open from 1 march to 31 october and sleeps 16 in two separate rooms which include a lounge and communal spaces. there is a separate dining kitchen. the pierhead bar & restaurant is near the harbour in lower voe and has hearty home cooking supplemented by daily local seafood specials." ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/c77d267186ab4d757aa5.jpg", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/7538ae68b4be38c649ca.jpg" ]

[ "arctia oy is finnish state-owned company responsible for operating a finnish icebreaker fleet. the company was established as arctia shipping oy in 2010 when finnish icebreaking services were incorporated. the name of the parent company was changed to arctia oy on 18 january 2016. it has following subsidiaries: arctia icebreaking oy, arctia offshore oy, arctia karhu oy, and arctia management services oy. arctia has a floating office next to the icebreaker base at katajanokka in helsinki. arctia provides icebreaking services for finnish transport agency during winter as well as for private companies in the offshore gas- and oilfields. in 2013 antti viirtala, the chairman of the company resigned because of scandal related to the sponsorships of his own curling club.", "" ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/fe476a36ed7f927f9e6b.jpg" ]

[ "recorded history or written history is a historical narrative based on a written record or other documented communication. it contrasts with other narratives of the past, such as mythological, oral or archeological traditions. for broader world history, recorded history begins with the accounts of the ancient world around the 4th millennium bc, and coincides with the invention of writing. for some geographic regions or cultures, written history is limited to a relatively recent period in human history because of the limited use of written records. moreover, human cultures do not always record all of the information relevant to later historians, such as the full impact of natural disasters or the names of individuals. recorded history for particular types of information is therefore limited based on the types of records kept. because of this, recorded history in different contexts may refer to different periods of time depending on the topic. the interpretation of recorded history often relies on historical method, or the set of techniques and guidelines by which historians use primary sources and other evidence to research and then to write accounts of the past.", "recorded history or written history is a historical narrative based on a written record or other documented communication. it contrasts with other narratives of the past, such as mythological, oral or archeological traditions. for broader world history, recorded history begins with the accounts of the ancient world around the 4th millennium bc, and coincides with the invention of writing. for some geographic regions or cultures, written history is limited to a relatively recent period in human history because of the limited use of written records. moreover, human cultures do not always record all of the information relevant to later historians, such as the full impact of natural disasters or the names of individuals. recorded history for particular types of information is therefore limited based on the types of records kept. because of this, recorded history in different contexts may refer to different periods of time depending on the topic. the interpretation of recorded history often relies on historical method, or the set of techniques and guidelines by which historians use primary sources and other evidence to research and then to write accounts of the past. the question of the nature, and even the possibility of an effective method for interpreting recorded history is raised in the philosophy of history as a question of epistemology. the study of different historical methods is known as historiography, which focuses on examining how different interpreters of recorded history create different interpretations of historical evidence." ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/6895f926adf90b4085cf.jpg" ]

[ "state route 16 is a primary state highway in the southwest part of the u.s. state of virginia. it runs from the north carolina border at north carolina highway 16 north to the west virginia border at west virginia route 16, passing through the towns of troutdale, marion, and tazewell. highway 16 is part of a three-state route 16 that connects the charlotte region with northwestern west virginia.", "state route 16 alternate is a primary state highway in and near the town of tazewell, virginia, united states. it is an alternate route of state route 16, with both ends in tazewell; the route is shorter than staying on sr 16 through tazewell. sr 16 alternate begins at sr 16 where it overlaps u.s. route 19/460 business in southwestern tazewell. it generally heads northwest, leaving the town before interchanging with the u.s. route 19/u.s. route 460 bypass. sr 16 alternate re-enters tazewell, crossing the clinch river before ending at sr 16 in the river jack area of tazewell. sr 16 alternate was added to the primary state highway system in 1953; it had been secondary state route 631." ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/90e9c038c28b0fdddfcc.JPG" ]

[ "perkins center for the arts is a regional arts center serving southern new jersey and beyond since 1977. perkins operates from a 1910 historic tudor home and carriage building in moorestown, new jersey, as well as a former printing press in collingswood, new jersey. recognized by the new jersey state council on the arts as a major presenting organization and receiving a citation of excellence, perkins center offers arts programs that promote participation, understanding, and communication among diverse audiences.", "perkins center for the arts is a regional arts center serving southern new jersey and beyond since 1977. perkins operates from a 1910 historic tudor home and carriage building in moorestown, new jersey (burlington county), as well as a former printing press in collingswood, new jersey (camden county). recognized by the new jersey state council on the arts as a major presenting organization and receiving a citation of excellence, perkins center offers arts programs that promote participation, understanding, and communication among diverse audiences." ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/667a28442702643d38b4.jpg", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/110992ebe14f9a544a2f.JPG", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/24a19e90c404a0b3faab.jpg", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/65999eb7b6479784022d.jpg", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/f7aa70bd2e2f6ba1a4af.jpg", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/bfd1f0428860cd9d999e.jpg" ]

[ "chinese new year is the chinese festival that celebrates the beginning of a new year on the traditional chinese calendar or lunar calendar. the festival is commonly referred to as the spring festival in china as the spring season in the lunisolar calendar traditionally starts with lichun, the first of the twenty-four solar terms which the festival celebrates around the time of. marking the end of winter and the beginning of the spring season, observances traditionally take place from new year’s eve, the evening preceding the first day of the year to the lantern festival, held on the 15th day of the year. the first day of chinese new year begins on the new moon that appears between 21 january and 20 february. in 2021, the first day of the chinese new year will be on friday, 12 february, which is the year of the ox chinese new year is one of the most important holidays in china, and has strongly influenced lunar new year celebrations such as the losar of tibet and of china's neighbouring cultures, including the korean new year, and the tết of vietnam.", "chinese new year (traditional chinese: 農曆新年, 中國新年; simplified chinese: 农历新年, 中国新年; pinyin: nónglì xīn nián, zhōngguó xīn nián) is the chinese festival that celebrates the beginning of a new year on the traditional chinese calendar or lunar calendar. the festival is commonly referred to as the spring festival (traditional chinese: 春節; simplified chinese: 春节; pinyin: chūn jié) in china as the spring season in the lunisolar calendar traditionally starts with lichun, the first of the twenty-four solar terms which the festival celebrates around the time of. marking the end of winter and the beginning of the spring season, observances traditionally take place from new year’s eve, the evening preceding the first day of the year to the lantern festival, held on the 15th day of the year. the first day of chinese new year begins on the new moon that appears between 21 january and 20 february. in 2021, the first day of the chinese new year will be on friday, 12 february, which is the year of the ox chinese new year is one of the most important holidays in china, and has strongly influenced lunar new year celebrations such as the losar of tibet and of china's neighbouring cultures, including the korean new year (seol), and the tết of vietnam. it is also celebrated worldwide in regions and countries with significant overseas chinese or sinophone populations, including singapore, indonesia, malaysia, myanmar, thailand, cambodia, the philippines, and mauritius, as well as many in north america and europe. chinese new year is associated with several myths and customs. the festival was traditionally a time to honour deities as well as ancestors. within china, regional customs and traditions concerning the celebration of the new year vary widely, and the evening preceding chinese new year's day is frequently regarded as an occasion for chinese families to gather for the annual reunion dinner. it is also traditional for every family to thoroughly clean their house, in order to sweep away any ill-fortune and to make way for incoming good luck. another custom is the decoration of windows and doors with red paper-cuts and couplets. popular themes among these paper-cuts and couplets include that of good fortune or happiness, wealth, and longevity. other activities include lighting firecrackers and giving money in red paper envelopes. for the northern regions of china, dumplings are featured prominently in meals celebrating the festival. it often serves as the first meal of the year either at midnight or as breakfast of the first day.", "", "a reunion dinner (nián yè fàn) is held on new year's eve during which family members gather for a celebration. the venue will usually be in or near the home of the most senior member of the family. the new year's eve dinner is very large and sumptuous and traditionally includes dishes of meat (namely, pork and chicken) and fish. most reunion dinners also feature a communal hot pot as it is believed to signify the coming together of the family members for the meal. most reunion dinners (particularly in the southern regions) also prominently feature specialty meats (e.g. wax-cured meats like duck and chinese sausage) and seafood (e.g. lobster and abalone) that are usually reserved for this and other special occasions during the remainder of the year. in most areas, fish (鱼; 魚; yú) is included, but not eaten completely (and the remainder is stored overnight), as the chinese phrase \"may there be surpluses every year\" (年年有余; 年年有餘; niánnián yǒu yú) sounds the same as \"let there be fish every year.\" eight individual dishes are served to reflect the belief of good fortune associated with the number. if in the previous year a death was experienced in the family, seven dishes are served. other traditional foods consists of noodles, fruits, dumplings, spring rolls, and tangyuan which are also known as sweet rice balls. each dish served during chinese new year represents something special. the noodles used to make longevity noodles are usually very thin, long wheat noodles. these noodles are longer than normal noodles that are usually fried and served on a plate, or boiled and served in a bowl with its broth. expectedly, the noodles symbolize the wish for a long life. the fruits that are typically selected would be oranges, tangerines, and pomelos as they are round and \"golden\" color symbolizing fullness and wealth. their lucky sound when spoken also brings good luck and fortune. the chinese pronunciation for orange is 橙 (chéng /chnng/), which sounds the same as the chinese for 'success' (成). one of the ways to spell tangerine(桔 jú /jyoo/) contains the chinese character for luck (吉 jí /jee/). pomelos is believed to bring constant prosperity. pomelo in chinese (柚 yòu /yo/) sounds similar to 'to have' (有 yǒu), disregarding its tone, however it sounds exactly like 'again' (又 yòu). dumplings and spring rolls symbolize wealth, whereas sweet rice balls symbolize family togetherness. red packets for the immediate family are sometimes distributed during the reunion dinner. these packets contain money in an amount that reflects good luck and honorability. several foods are consumed to usher in wealth, happiness, and good fortune. several of the chinese food names are homophones for words that also mean good things. many places in china still follow the tradition of eating only vegetarian food on the first day of the new year, as it is a sign of peace. so, they believe that eating only vegetarian food the first day will bring joy and peace into their lives for the whole year. like many other new year dishes, certain ingredients also take special precedence over others as these ingredients also have similar-sounding names with prosperity, good luck, or even counting money.", "many celebrate the festival in chinatown, kolkata, india where a significant community of people of chinese origin exists. in kolkata, chinese new year is celebrated with lion and dragon dance. in pakistan, the chinese new year is also celebrated among the sizable chinese expatriate community that lives in the country. during the festival, the chinese embassy in islamabad arranges various cultural events in which pakistani arts and cultural organizations and members of the civil society also participate.", "bamboo stems filled with gunpowder that was burnt to create small explosions were once used in ancient china to drive away evil spirits. in modern times, this method has eventually evolved into the use of firecrackers during the festive season. firecrackers are usually strung on a long fused string so it can be hung down. each firecracker is rolled up in red papers, as red is auspicious, with gunpowder in its core. once ignited, the firecracker lets out a loud popping noise and, as they are usually strung together by the hundreds, the firecrackers are known for their deafening explosions that are thought to scare away evil spirits. the burning of firecrackers also signifies a joyful time of year and has become an integral aspect of chinese new year celebrations. since the 2000s, firecrackers have been banned in various countries and towns.", "traditionally, families gather together during the chinese new year. in modern china, migrant workers in china travel home to have reunion dinners with their families on chinese new year's eve. owing to a large number of interprovincial travelers, special arrangements were made by railways, buses and airlines starting from 15 days before the new year's day. this 40-day period is called chunyun, and is known as the world's largest annual migration. more interurban trips are taken in mainland china in this period than the total population of china. in taiwan, spring travel is also a major event. the majority of transportation in western taiwan is in a north–south direction: long-distance travel between urbanized north and hometowns in the rural south. transportation in eastern taiwan and that between taiwan and its islands is less convenient. cross-strait flights between taiwan and mainland china began in 2003 as part of three links, mostly for \"taiwanese businessmen\" to return to taiwan for the new year." ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/1f8100002afddab2f988.jpg", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/7f243857ab4501413dfc.jpg", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/14a51c41f692bc78f535.jpg" ]

[ "sri ramana ashram, also known as sri ramanasramam, is the ashram which was home to modern sage and advaita vedanta master ramana maharshi from 1922 until his death in 1950. it is situated at the foot of the arunachala hill, to the west of tiruvannamalai, tamil nadu, where thousands of seekers flocked to be in his presence. his samadhi shrine continues to attract devotees from all over the world.", "the ashram gradually grew in its present location after ramana maharshi settled near the samadhi shrine of his mother alagammal, who died on 19 may 1922. in the beginning, a single small hut was built there. by 1924 two huts were set up, one opposite the samadhi and the other to the north. amongst its early western visitors were british writer paul brunton in 1931, who is credited with introducing ramana maharshi to the west through his books \"a search in secret india\" (1934) and \"the secret path\". writer w. somerset maugham visited the ashram in 1938, and later used ramana maharshi as the model for the holy man, shri ganesha in his novel, the razor’s edge (1944). other visitors included swami sivananda, paramahansa yogananda, alfred sorensen (sunyata) and wei wu wei. arthur osborne stayed at the ashram for twenty years, and edited the ashram's journal, the mountain path, besides writing several book on ramana maharshi and his teachings. mouni sadhu spent several months at the ashram in 1949. david godman came to the ashram in 1976, and has since written or edited fourteen books on topics related to sri ramana maharshi. he continues to live near the ashram. niranjananda swami, younger brother of ramana maharshi, who had moved to the ashram along with his mother in 1916, stayed at the ashram for the rest of his life and handling its management. his son and grandson have looked after the ashram in turn." ]

[ "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/ce7619a4b2f27143ee10.jpg", "/mnt/data1_HDD_14TB/docmmir/images/79178239eb2c140e5a90.jpg" ]

[ "the battle of killiecrankie, also referred to as the battle of rinrory, took place on 27 july 1689 during the 1689 scottish jacobite rising. a jacobite force under john graham, viscount dundee defeated a government army commanded by hugh mackay. james ii & vii went into exile in december 1688 after being deposed by the glorious revolution in scotland. in march 1689, he began the williamite war in ireland, with a simultaneous revolt led by dundee, previously military commander in scotland. hampered by lack of men and resources, dundee gambled on a decisive battle which he hoped would attract wider support. although killiecrankie was an unexpected and stunning victory, his army suffered heavy casualties and he was killed in the final minutes. it did little to change the overall strategic position, and the jacobites were unable to take advantage of their success.", "the battle of killiecrankie (scottish gaelic: blàr choille chnagaidh), also referred to as the battle of rinrory, took place on 27 july 1689 during the 1689 scottish jacobite rising. a jacobite force under john graham, viscount dundee defeated a government army commanded by hugh mackay. james ii & vii went into exile in december 1688 after being deposed by the glorious revolution in scotland. in march 1689, he began the williamite war in ireland, with a simultaneous revolt led by dundee, previously military commander in scotland. hampered by lack of men and resources, dundee gambled on a decisive battle which he hoped would attract wider support. although killiecrankie was an unexpected and stunning victory, his army suffered heavy casualties and he was killed in the final minutes. it did little to change the overall strategic position, and the jacobites were unable to take advantage of their success.", "in february 1685, the catholic james ii & vii came to power with widespread support; the 1638 to 1651 wars of the three kingdoms meant many in both england and scotland feared the consequences of bypassing the 'natural heir'. a desire for stability led to the rapid collapse of the monmouth rebellion and argyll's rising in june 1685, both led by protestant dissidents. by 1680, over 95% of scots belonged to the church of scotland, or kirk; catholics numbered less than 2% of the population and even other protestant sects were barred. the 1681 scottish test act required holders of public office to be members of the kirk; james' attempts to repeal it undermined his own supporters, while rewarding the extreme presbyterians who backed argyll in 1685. in june 1688, two events turned dissent into a crisis, the first being the birth of james francis edward on 10 june. this created the prospect of a catholic dynasty, rather than james being succeeded by his protestant daughter mary, and her husband william of orange. the second was the prosecution of the seven bishops, which seemed to extend official policy beyond mere tolerance for catholicism to an assault on the established church. their acquittal on 30 june destroyed james' political authority in both scotland and england. in 1685, many feared a return to civil war if james were bypassed; by 1688, anti-catholic riots made it seem only his removal could prevent one. william landed in brixham on 5 november with 14,000 men; as he advanced, james' army deserted, and he went into exile on 23 december. the parliament of england offered the english throne to william and mary in february 1689. on 14 march, a convention met in edinburgh to agree a settlement for scotland. the convention was dominated by supporters of the new administration, with 'jacobites' restricted to those linked to james by religion or personal ties. however, the number of activists on either side was tiny, the vast majority being unenthusiastic about either option. on 12 march, james landed in ireland, and the convention offered the scottish throne to william and mary on 11 april. the next day dundee raised the royal standard on dundee law." ]

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[ "the following events occurred in september 1946:", "yogi berra made his major league debut, entering a game for the new york yankees against the philadelphia a's. berra hit a home run in his first time at bat, and then went on to a colorful career." ]

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[ "the rolls-royce griffon is a british 37-litre capacity, 60-degree v-12, liquid-cooled aero engine designed and built by rolls-royce limited. in keeping with company convention, the griffon was named after a bird of prey, in this case the griffon vulture. design work on the griffon started in 1938 at the request of the fleet air arm, for use in new aircraft designs such as the fairey firefly. in 1939 it was also decided that the engine could be adapted for use in the spitfire. development was stopped temporarily to concentrate efforts on the smaller merlin and the 24-cylinder vulture; the engine did not go into production until the early 1940s. the griffon was the last in the line of v-12 aero engines to be produced by rolls-royce with production ceasing in 1955. griffon engines remain in royal air force service today with the battle of britain memorial flight and power the last remaining airworthy avro shackleton.", "note: avro shackleton blackburn b-54 bristol beaufighter cac ca-15 fairey barracuda fairey firefly folland fo.108 hawker fury hawker henley hawker tempest mk iii/iv martin-baker mb 5 supermarine seafang supermarine seafire supermarine seagull supermarine spiteful supermarine spitfire", "the griffon engine continues to be used in restored fireflies and later mark spitfires worldwide. the royal air force battle of britain memorial flight is a notable current operator of the griffon. the sole remaining technically airworthy avro shackleton is based at the air force base ysterplaat. however, at least one further airframe is in running condition at the gatwick aviation museum and another is in running, taxiing condition at coventry airport, intended to be flown in a short time.", "the griffon was produced in approximately 50 different variants, the griffon 130 being the last in the series. details of representative variants are listed below: griffon iib 1,730hp (1,290kw) at 750ft (230m) and 1,490hp (1,110kw) at 14,000ft (4,270m); single-stage two-speed supercharger; impeller diameter 10in (25.4cm); gear ratios 7.85:1, 10.68:1. used on firefly mk.i and spitfire xii. griffon vi increased maximum boost pressure, 1,850hp (1,380kw) at 2,000ft (610m); impeller diameter 9.75in (24.7cm). used on seafire mk.xv and mk. xvii, spitfire xii. griffon 57 and 57a 1,960hp (1,460kw); 2,345hp (1,749kw) with water-methanol injection on take-off: used on avro shackleton. griffon 61 introduced a two-speed two-stage supercharger with aftercooler similar to that on merlin 61; 2,035hp (1,520kw) at 7,000ft (2,100m) and 1,820hp (1,360kw) at 21,000ft (6,400m); used on spitfire f.mk.xiv, mk.21. griffon 65 similar to griffon 61 with different propeller reduction gear; impeller diameters 1st stage: 13.4in (34cm), 2nd stage: 11.3in (29cm); used on spitfire f.mk.xiv. griffon 72 increased maximum boost pressure to take advantage of 150-grade fuel; 2,245hp (1,675kw) at 9,250ft (2,820m). griffon 74 fuel-injected version of griffon 72; used on firefly mk.iv. griffon 83 modified to drive contra-rotating propellers; 2,340hp (1,745kw) at 750ft (230m) and 2,100hp (1,565kw) at 12,250ft (3,740m). griffon 85 2,375hp (1,770kw); used on spiteful mk.xiv. griffon 89 2,350hp (1,755kw); used on spiteful mk.xv. griffon 101 2,420hp (1,805kw); two-stage, three-speed supercharger using low supercharger (l.s), moderate supercharger (m.s), or full supercharger (f.s); reduction gear ratio 4.45; rolls-royce fuel injection system. used on spiteful mk.xvi. griffon 130 2,420hp (1,805kw) at 5,000ft (1,524m) in l.s gear, 2,250hp (1,678kw) at 14,500ft (4,419m) m.s and 2,050hp (1,529kw) at 21,000ft (6,400m) f.s; reduction gear ratio 4.44; modified to drive contra-rotating propellers; rolls-royce fuel injection system. compound griffon rgc.30.sm.; turbo-compound engine - cancelled 1949 turbo griffon rgt.30.sm.; similar to napier nomad - as above" ]