<p>never work on weekends :-)</p>

<p>What you really do here is to find the total surplus in terms of $Q*$ and then maximise it setting the derivative to $Q*$ equal to zero.
So, you just maximise 
$$TotalSurplus = - \frac{3}{16}Q^{*2}+\frac{9}{2}Q^{*}  + 2 * Q^{*}$$
for $Q*$ and you obtain the expected results.</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-11-13T09:01:18.110Z
2017-11-13T09:01:18.110Z
Antonello
<p>Let's assume a market with linear demand and supply functions, let's say $Q_d = 20 - 4p$ and $Q_s = -4 +8p$ respectively.</p>

<p>We can easily find the market equilibrium by either setting $Q_d = Q_s$ (or $P_d = P_d$ in the inverse demand and supply functions) or by maximising the total surplus, as done in the following screenshot:</p>

<p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/eiGJE.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/eiGJE.png" alt="enter image description here"></a></p>

<p>We can now add a subside to the consumers, let's say 2 monetary unit/quantity unit, and the result is to shift up the demand curve, so that the new equilibrium can be easily obtained setting for example the prices equal in the new apparent demand curve $Q_dsub = 28-4p$ and the supply curve, and we find equilibrium quantity with subside $Q^{*sub} = 52/3$, eq. price with subside for the producers $P^{*sub}_{S} = 8/3$ and eq. price for the consumers with subsides $P^{*sub}_{D} = 2/3$</p>

<p>The problem is that if I try to obtain that results by maximisation of the total surplus as before, I obtain:</p>

<p>$$TotalSurplus = - \frac{3}{16}Q^2+\frac{9}{2}Q + P^{*sub}_{S} * Q^{*sub} - P^{*sub}_{D} * Q^{*sub}$$</p>

<p>When I account for $P^{*sub}_{S} = P^{*sub}_{D} + 2$, I obtain:</p>

<p>$$TotalSurplus = - \frac{3}{16}Q^2+\frac{9}{2}Q  + 2 * Q^{*sub}$$</p>

<p>And here I don't know how to continue, as the equilibrium point doesn't write off any more.</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-11-12T00:24:50.873Z
Tangential comment: I'm not sure why integrals are being used for calculating surplus in the problem. Just use the formula for the area of a triangle $A=\frac{h_bB}{2}$
EconJohn
CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-11-12T20:40:25.403Z
@EconJohn Thank you, but the "triangle" method works just for linear demand/supply functions, while integrals is the general method whatever is the functional form..
Antonello
CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-11-12T20:42:00.703Z
So just using a more generalized form then? Ah ok.
EconJohn
CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-11-12T20:47:46.247Z
@EconJohn You are right, but I wanted to keep the computation as simple as possible, as my problem does not concern the functional form, indeed the total surplus depends from Q* whatever the functional form and then I don't know how to maximise it..
Antonello
<competitive-equilibrium><subsidies><surplus>
How to find the market equilibrium by surplus maximisation when there is a consumer subside?
Antonello
# How to find the market equilibrium by surplus maximisation when there is a consumer subside?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2017-11-11)

Let's assume a market with linear demand and supply functions, let's say $Q\_d = 20 - 4p$ and $Q\_s = -4 +8p$ respectively.

We can easily find the market equilibrium by either setting $Q\_d = Q\_s$ (or $P\_d = P\_d$ in the inverse demand and supply functions) or by maximising the total surplus, as done in the following screenshot:

[![enter image description here](https://i.sstatic.net/eiGJE.png)](https://i.sstatic.net/eiGJE.png)

We can now add a subside to the consumers, let's say 2 monetary unit/quantity unit, and the result is to shift up the demand curve, so that the new equilibrium can be easily obtained setting for example the prices equal in the new apparent demand curve $Q\_dsub = 28-4p$ and the supply curve, and we find equilibrium quantity with subside $Q^{\*sub} = 52/3$, eq. price with subside for the producers $P^{\*sub}\_{S} = 8/3$ and eq. price for the consumers with subsides $P^{\*sub}\_{D} = 2/3$

The problem is that if I try to obtain that results by maximisation of the total surplus as before, I obtain:

$$TotalSurplus = - \frac{3}{16}Q^2+\frac{9}{2}Q + P^{\*sub}\_{S} \* Q^{\*sub} - P^{\*sub}\_{D} \* Q^{\*sub}$$

When I account for $P^{\*sub}\_{S} = P^{\*sub}\_{D} + 2$, I obtain:

$$TotalSurplus = - \frac{3}{16}Q^2+\frac{9}{2}Q + 2 \* Q^{\*sub}$$

And here I don't know how to continue, as the equilibrium point doesn't write off any more.

**Tags:** competitive-equilibrium, subsidies, surplus

> **Comments:**
> **username_1**: Tangential comment: I'm not sure why integrals are being used for calculating surplus in the problem. Just use the formula for the area of a triangle $A=\frac{h_bB}{2}$  
> **username_0**: @username_1 Thank you, but the "triangle" method works just for linear demand/supply functions, while integrals is the general method whatever is the functional form..  
> **username_1**: So just using a more generalized form then? Ah ok.  
> **username_0**: @username_1 You are right, but I wanted to keep the computation as simple as possible, as my problem does not concern the functional form, indeed the total surplus depends from Q* whatever the functional form and then I don't know how to maximise it..  

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## 1 answers

### Answer by username_0 on 2017-11-13. Score: 1

never work on weekends :-)

What you really do here is to find the total surplus in terms of $Q\*$ and then maximise it setting the derivative to $Q\*$ equal to zero.
So, you just maximise
$$TotalSurplus = - \frac{3}{16}Q^{\*2}+\frac{9}{2}Q^{\*} + 2 \* Q^{\*}$$
for $Q\*$ and you obtain the expected results.


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