<p>This is really something that could be googled with ease. Every source that computes GDP provides a very comprehensive explanation of the methodology, the <a href="https://www.bea.gov/system/files/2020-08/quick-guide-gdp.pdf" rel="nofollow noreferrer">release dates</a> etc. Granted, these documents are usually very comprehensive and complex.</p>
<p>1 ) No. The reason we do not have monthly GDP is that it is too difficult to obtain data for higher frequencies. For example, even big public companies only provide quarterly and annual reports. Small firms frequently only provide one financial statement per year for tax reasons.</p>
<p>2 ) It depends what you look at (or what is made available). Usually GDP is simply the productive capacity (all goods and services - more on that below). In the link above, you see that the BEA annualizes quarterly GDP. So you cannot simply add it (even if it is the same method, non seasonally adjusted and all else equal). You can try this with <a href="https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GDP" rel="nofollow noreferrer">GDP</a> and <a href="https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GDPA" rel="nofollow noreferrer">GDPA</a> from FRED (source of GDP is BEA). Taking the average of the 4 quarters within a year will do the job though (in this case).</p>
<p>3 ) and 4 ) see first link plus <a href="https://www.bea.gov/news/schedule" rel="nofollow noreferrer">this one</a></p>
<p>That said, GDP is a always a guess. There is no way to know what the entire economy is doing for sure. For example:</p>
<ul>
<li>Nigeria <a href="https://www.ft.com/content/70b594fe-bd94-11e3-a5ba-00144feabdc0" rel="nofollow noreferrer">doubled</a> its GDP virtually &quot;overnight&quot; by changing how it computes it.</li>
<li>How do yo handle illegal transactions? I lived and worked in London for several years. You must be blind to not see a sex worker or drug dealer ever other day. Ignoring them all, will grossly understate the true GDP. It does not matter if it is legal or illegal, it is still a service that is provided and consumed.</li>
</ul>
<p>If you think I am nuts, google how the UK (and many other countries) compute(s) GDP. Hint, illegal drugs and prostitution are taken into account (to some extent). Funny enough, the UK only uses London and extrapolates it all out. I spent some time a few years back to &quot;investigate&quot; this because I personally thought I see more hookers in London than outside the city (realizing through the process that &quot;street sex workers&quot; are not counted anyway). If you can trust <a href="https://www.adultwork.com/Search.asp?CommandID=13&amp;CountryID=111" rel="nofollow noreferrer">AdultWork</a>, it seems my personal view was biased, and there are in fact plenty of hookers outside of London too.</p>
<p>Now, using hooker in the UK is generally a bit of a misnomer, because most people would associate this with the guy in the middle of the front row of the scrum, who tries to hook the ball (Rugby). That shows that definitions matter a lot. The UK excludes male and transgender sex workers, as well as street workers. In essence, whoever designed this, thinks prostitution is a female only, urban-centric and spatially immobile profession.</p>
<p><strong>Edit</strong>
@Henry made a valuable comment. However, the monthly estimates cannot simply be added to quarterly values either. If you look at &quot;How we disseminate the data&quot; in <a href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossdomesticproductgdp/methodologies/grossdomesticproductgdpqmi#methods-used-to-produce-gross-domestic-product-gdp-data" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Methods used to produce gross domestic product (GDP) data</a>, you will see that around 80% data content for the output measure, 60% data content for the expenditure measure and 40% data content for the income measure are used for the first quarterly GDP estimate. The monthly data excludes the last two completely. The <a href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossdomesticproductgdp/articles/measuringmonthlyandquarterlyukgrossdomesticproductduringthecoronaviruscovid19pandemic/2021-11-11#measuring-uk-gross-domestic-product" rel="nofollow noreferrer">ONS</a> provides some details explaining why the two do not provide the same estimate as to where the economy is relative to its pre-pandemic levels (which is a good guide to understand why you cannot simply add months in reality).</p>
<p>If you quickly search monthly on the website, you see that <a href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossdomesticproductgdp/bulletins/gdpmonthlyestimateuk/october2021" rel="nofollow noreferrer">monthly</a> data is currently using 2019 = 100, which means that the average of all months in 2019 equals 100. So quarterly GDP, even if there were no revisions or data uncertainty, is not simply the sum of 3 months because of the way the data is provided.</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2022-01-16T22:01:18.620Z
The UK publishes an estimate of monthly GDP - though whether it is meaningful is another question
Henry
CC BY-SA 4.0
2022-01-16T21:43:53.613Z
2022-01-16T23:49:49.093Z
2022-01-16T23:49:49.093Z
AKdemy
<p>In answer to AKdemy's point re:</p>
<p>&quot; If you can trust AdultWork, it seems my personal view was biased, and there are in fact plenty of hookers outside of London too.&quot;</p>
<p>It is true that there are many sex workers throughout the UK. Of course London has the highest volume, but there are escorts throughout the UK, as you can see on popular websites such as <a href="https://www.vivastreet.co.uk/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Vivastreet</a>.</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2024-01-12T09:54:53.350Z
2024-01-12T09:54:53.350Z
Bunksy
<p>I will consider an example to clarify my question. Assume GDP is calculated quarterly and with value added method in a economy with:</p>
<ul>
<li>Dec 2020 –&gt; total value added = 11.5</li>
<li>Jan 2021 –&gt; total value added = 11.8</li>
<li>Feb 2021 –&gt; total value added = 12.2</li>
<li>Mar 2021 –&gt; total value added = 12.7</li>
<li>Apr 2021 –&gt; total value added = 12.5</li>
</ul>
<p>then:</p>
<ol>
<li>Is it correct to say that in the first quarter of 2021 the GDP of the economy would be 11.8 + 12.2 + 12.7 = 36.7?</li>
<li>Is annual GDP the sum of quarterly GDP?</li>
<li>If the GDP value for the first quarter of the economy is 36.7, in general when will this information be published? At the beginning, middle or end of April 2021?</li>
<li>I know that the most recent GDP value is an estimate subject to small adjustments for a wile. How much time do we need to the GDP data to be accepted as definitive?</li>
</ol>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2022-01-16T21:59:24.110Z
1, Yes.  2, Yes.  3, it depends on the country and how much detail you want: the United States BEA Gross Domestic Product 1st Quarter 2022 Advance Estimate is due to be published on April 28 while the United Kingdom ONS equivalent is due to be published on 12 May, Both will miss most of the interesting detail and be substantially revised in the following months.  4, the numbers are always subject to revision due to new information or methodology.    The estimate for UK 1970 Q1 was changed slightly in 2019 and 2017 and 2008 and 2001 and 2000, and more substantially in 2016 and 2014 and 1998.
Henry
<macroeconomics><gdp>
Doubt about timing and calculation of nominal GDP
Barbab
# Doubt about timing and calculation of nominal GDP

(Asked by: username_0 on 2022-01-16)

I will consider an example to clarify my question. Assume GDP is calculated quarterly and with value added method in a economy with:

* Dec 2020 –> total value added = 11.5
* Jan 2021 –> total value added = 11.8
* Feb 2021 –> total value added = 12.2
* Mar 2021 –> total value added = 12.7
* Apr 2021 –> total value added = 12.5

then:

1. Is it correct to say that in the first quarter of 2021 the GDP of the economy would be 11.8 + 12.2 + 12.7 = 36.7?
2. Is annual GDP the sum of quarterly GDP?
3. If the GDP value for the first quarter of the economy is 36.7, in general when will this information be published? At the beginning, middle or end of April 2021?
4. I know that the most recent GDP value is an estimate subject to small adjustments for a wile. How much time do we need to the GDP data to be accepted as definitive?

**Tags:** macroeconomics, gdp

> **Comments:**
> **username_1**: 1, Yes.  2, Yes.  3, it depends on the country and how much detail you want: the United States BEA Gross Domestic Product 1st Quarter 2022 Advance Estimate is due to be published on April 28 while the United Kingdom ONS equivalent is due to be published on 12 May, Both will miss most of the interesting detail and be substantially revised in the following months.  4, the numbers are always subject to revision due to new information or methodology.    The estimate for UK 1970 Q1 was changed slightly in 2019 and 2017 and 2008 and 2001 and 2000, and more substantially in 2016 and 2014 and 1998.  

---

## 2 answers

### Answer by username_2 on 2022-01-16. Score: 1

This is really something that could be googled with ease. Every source that computes GDP provides a very comprehensive explanation of the methodology, the [release dates](https://www.bea.gov/system/files/2020-08/quick-guide-gdp.pdf) etc. Granted, these documents are usually very comprehensive and complex.

1 ) No. The reason we do not have monthly GDP is that it is too difficult to obtain data for higher frequencies. For example, even big public companies only provide quarterly and annual reports. Small firms frequently only provide one financial statement per year for tax reasons.

2 ) It depends what you look at (or what is made available). Usually GDP is simply the productive capacity (all goods and services - more on that below). In the link above, you see that the BEA annualizes quarterly GDP. So you cannot simply add it (even if it is the same method, non seasonally adjusted and all else equal). You can try this with [GDP](https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GDP) and [GDPA](https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GDPA) from FRED (source of GDP is BEA). Taking the average of the 4 quarters within a year will do the job though (in this case).

3 ) and 4 ) see first link plus [this one](https://www.bea.gov/news/schedule)

That said, GDP is a always a guess. There is no way to know what the entire economy is doing for sure. For example:

* Nigeria [doubled](https://www.ft.com/content/70b594fe-bd94-11e3-a5ba-00144feabdc0) its GDP virtually "overnight" by changing how it computes it.
* How do yo handle illegal transactions? I lived and worked in London for several years. You must be blind to not see a sex worker or drug dealer ever other day. Ignoring them all, will grossly understate the true GDP. It does not matter if it is legal or illegal, it is still a service that is provided and consumed.

If you think I am nuts, google how the UK (and many other countries) compute(s) GDP. Hint, illegal drugs and prostitution are taken into account (to some extent). Funny enough, the UK only uses London and extrapolates it all out. I spent some time a few years back to "investigate" this because I personally thought I see more hookers in London than outside the city (realizing through the process that "street sex workers" are not counted anyway). If you can trust [AdultWork](https://www.adultwork.com/Search.asp?CommandID=13&CountryID=111), it seems my personal view was biased, and there are in fact plenty of hookers outside of London too.

Now, using hooker in the UK is generally a bit of a misnomer, because most people would associate this with the guy in the middle of the front row of the scrum, who tries to hook the ball (Rugby). That shows that definitions matter a lot. The UK excludes male and transgender sex workers, as well as street workers. In essence, whoever designed this, thinks prostitution is a female only, urban-centric and spatially immobile profession.

**Edit**
@username_1 made a valuable comment. However, the monthly estimates cannot simply be added to quarterly values either. If you look at "How we disseminate the data" in [Methods used to produce gross domestic product (GDP) data](https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossdomesticproductgdp/methodologies/grossdomesticproductgdpqmi#methods-used-to-produce-gross-domestic-product-gdp-data), you will see that around 80% data content for the output measure, 60% data content for the expenditure measure and 40% data content for the income measure are used for the first quarterly GDP estimate. The monthly data excludes the last two completely. The [ONS](https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossdomesticproductgdp/articles/measuringmonthlyandquarterlyukgrossdomesticproductduringthecoronaviruscovid19pandemic/2021-11-11#measuring-uk-gross-domestic-product) provides some details explaining why the two do not provide the same estimate as to where the economy is relative to its pre-pandemic levels (which is a good guide to understand why you cannot simply add months in reality).

If you quickly search monthly on the website, you see that [monthly](https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossdomesticproductgdp/bulletins/gdpmonthlyestimateuk/october2021) data is currently using 2019 = 100, which means that the average of all months in 2019 equals 100. So quarterly GDP, even if there were no revisions or data uncertainty, is not simply the sum of 3 months because of the way the data is provided.

> **Comments:**
> **username_1**: The UK publishes an estimate of monthly GDP - though whether it is meaningful is another question  

---

### Answer by username_3 on 2024-01-12. Score: 0

In answer to username_2's point re:

" If you can trust AdultWork, it seems my personal view was biased, and there are in fact plenty of hookers outside of London too."

It is true that there are many sex workers throughout the UK. Of course London has the highest volume, but there are escorts throughout the UK, as you can see on popular websites such as [Vivastreet](https://www.vivastreet.co.uk/).


---

