<p>Miners pick transactions from the <strong>mempool</strong> which is the queue of unconfirmed transactions. When there are fewer transactions waiting than would fit into a block, the block will not be full. The miner could create more transactions themselves, but that would be only useful if they wanted to send one themselves already in the first place, otherwise they'd just be paying themselves to include useless data.</p>

<p>So, why are so few transactions waiting to be confirmed sometimes? The traffic in the Bitcoin network appears to have both a daily and a weekly cycle. It tends to start picking up when Europe's business day starts, and slows down a bit when the US West Coast goes home from work. Weekends tend to have less traffic altogether. Of course that is overlaid by greater trends in Bitcoin, so demand will surge during price rallies for example. </p>

<p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/4Gyua.png" rel="noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/4Gyua.png" alt="Mempool Visualization by Jochen Hoenicke annotated to show start of business days"></a>
<sup>Mempool Visualization of last seven days via <a href="https://jochen-hoenicke.de/queue/#0,1w" rel="noreferrer">jochen-hoenicke.de</a></sup></p>

<p>Additionally, the block production is probabilistic. Blocks come in random intervals roughly ten minutes in average, but that'll mean that sometimes there may be three blocks in one minute and the queue gets flushed, or no block for an hour and the queue builds.</p>

<p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/Rv6Ye.png" rel="noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/Rv6Ye.png" alt="The UTXO Set grew from 50M to almost 64M in the past year"></a>
<sup>UTXO Set Size over past year via <a href="https://statoshi.info/dashboard/db/unspent-transaction-output-set?panelId=6&amp;fullscreen" rel="noreferrer">statoshi.info</a></sup></p>

<p>In the end, network participants should ensure that the queue doesn't flush completely. When there is little demand for blockspace, users could be consolidating their tiny pieces of Bitcoin: the unspent transaction output set grew from 50M to 64M in the past year. In a perfect world, we'd always have a backlog of consolidation transactions that we could chew through when no other transactions are waiting.</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-11-04T15:01:53.307Z
2019-11-04T17:25:48.613Z
2019-11-04T17:25:48.613Z
Murch
<p>While miners do try to maximize transaction space, they can't always fill a block.</p>

<p>Miners usually start with a block template that contains just the coinbase transaction - that alone will net them the block reward, currently 12.5 BTC. Any transaction fees over and above that are "free" money.</p>

<p>When blocks are mined in quick succession, it may take miners a few seconds to a few minutes to build another maximal block with several transaction in it. While miners perform that calculation, they continue mining on a smaller block template, and update it as they find a better transaction list. If they happen to find a valid block in that timespan, they will still broadcast it so that they receive the primary block reward.</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-11-04T12:53:13.887Z
2019-11-04T12:53:13.887Z
Raghav Sood
<p>Since a miner can acquire the fees from the transactions in a block, the miner should package as many transactions as possible in a block.
However, I recently found a block (blocknum: <strong>602297</strong>) with a relatively smaller size, whose size is only <strong>134 kB</strong>.</p>

<p>More details about the block can be found in <a href="https://www.smartbit.com.au/block/602297/transactions?limit=100&amp;dir=desc&amp;sort=input_amount" rel="nofollow noreferrer">block: 602297</a>.</p>

<p>Why does it not contain more transactions to earn more fees?</p>

<mempool><blocksize><transaction-selection>
Why is the block size is not filled with transactions?
seafooler
# Why is the block size is not filled with transactions?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2019-11-04)

Since a miner can acquire the fees from the transactions in a block, the miner should package as many transactions as possible in a block.
However, I recently found a block (blocknum: **602297**) with a relatively smaller size, whose size is only **134 kB**.

More details about the block can be found in [block: 602297](https://www.smartbit.com.au/block/602297/transactions?limit=100&dir=desc&sort=input_amount).

Why does it not contain more transactions to earn more fees?

**Tags:** mempool, blocksize, transaction-selection


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## 2 answers

### Answer by username_1 on 2019-11-04. Score: 7

Miners pick transactions from the **mempool** which is the queue of unconfirmed transactions. When there are fewer transactions waiting than would fit into a block, the block will not be full. The miner could create more transactions themselves, but that would be only useful if they wanted to send one themselves already in the first place, otherwise they'd just be paying themselves to include useless data.

So, why are so few transactions waiting to be confirmed sometimes? The traffic in the Bitcoin network appears to have both a daily and a weekly cycle. It tends to start picking up when Europe's business day starts, and slows down a bit when the US West Coast goes home from work. Weekends tend to have less traffic altogether. Of course that is overlaid by greater trends in Bitcoin, so demand will surge during price rallies for example.

[![Mempool Visualization by Jochen Hoenicke annotated to show start of business days](https://i.sstatic.net/4Gyua.png)](https://i.sstatic.net/4Gyua.png)
Mempool Visualization of last seven days via [jochen-hoenicke.de](https://jochen-hoenicke.de/queue/#0,1w)

Additionally, the block production is probabilistic. Blocks come in random intervals roughly ten minutes in average, but that'll mean that sometimes there may be three blocks in one minute and the queue gets flushed, or no block for an hour and the queue builds.

[![The UTXO Set grew from 50M to almost 64M in the past year](https://i.sstatic.net/Rv6Ye.png)](https://i.sstatic.net/Rv6Ye.png)
UTXO Set Size over past year via [statoshi.info](https://statoshi.info/dashboard/db/unspent-transaction-output-set?panelId=6&fullscreen)

In the end, network participants should ensure that the queue doesn't flush completely. When there is little demand for blockspace, users could be consolidating their tiny pieces of Bitcoin: the unspent transaction output set grew from 50M to 64M in the past year. In a perfect world, we'd always have a backlog of consolidation transactions that we could chew through when no other transactions are waiting.


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### Answer by username_2 on 2019-11-04. Score: 2

While miners do try to maximize transaction space, they can't always fill a block.

Miners usually start with a block template that contains just the coinbase transaction - that alone will net them the block reward, currently 12.5 BTC. Any transaction fees over and above that are "free" money.

When blocks are mined in quick succession, it may take miners a few seconds to a few minutes to build another maximal block with several transaction in it. While miners perform that calculation, they continue mining on a smaller block template, and update it as they find a better transaction list. If they happen to find a valid block in that timespan, they will still broadcast it so that they receive the primary block reward.


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