Answers.Body: <p><em>To make the distinction: PAL is just an encoding system, which only really defines the resolution and frame rate for analogue systems. Rec601/709 are  colourspaces generally used by TVs.</em></p>
  
  <p>Sounds like you might be having trouble with colourspace conversion. The black point on an 8-bit Rec601 image is 16, not 0 (it's to do with the way analogue systems transmit video data - sync, etc.), so as a result, anything below this, from 0-15 will be displayed as black.</p>
  
  <p>Video editors, DVD burners and other video processors may not take colourspaces into account or may manipulate your video, resulting in a change of colourspace, which will ultimately change the colours in your video.</p>
  
  <p>The 'Sony Levels' effect essentially applies a LUT to your image (think of it as scaling the values 0-255 to the bounds 15-235, the 8-bit luma range). This means that your image will be displayed correctly on a Rec601 system, but will look flat on a computer.</p>
  
  <p>Working in a 10+ bit workflow may help to solve this issue. However, to answer your points:</p>
  
  <blockquote>
    <p><em>1. Is this the correct way to handle the situation?</em></p>
  </blockquote>
  
  <p>Your camera shoots video in the RGB colourspace, not the Rec601/709 spaces.</p>
  
  <p>Ultimately, the best way is to apply a RGB -> Rec601 LUT, essentially remapping the colours correctly across the board, but I'm not sure if Vegas supports this off the top of my head. Using the Levels effect will help with the black/white values (make sure the centre is at 0.5), but there may be some colour variation.</p>
  
  <blockquote>
    <p><em>2. What is the correct value to use for the levels effect?</em></p>
  </blockquote>
  
  <p>The black point should be 0.059 and the white point should be 0.918 to comply with the standard.</p>
  
  <blockquote>
    <p><em>3. Is it correct to not apply the levels effect when rendering for Youtube etc.?</em></p>
  </blockquote>
  
  <p>That's correct - YouTube will accept your video with the default colourspace and should display it correctly. You may as well test this, though.</p>
  
  <blockquote>
    <p><em>4. In which situations do I have to use the levels effect, and in which situations better not?</em></p>
  </blockquote>
  
  <p>Any time you're displaying your content on a Rec601 device.</p>
  
Answers.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 3.0
Answers.CreationDate: 2014-05-22T19:45:08.307Z
Answers.Text: That totally explains the issue. The levels effect with the presets "studio to computer RGB" and "Computer to Studio RGB" fixes the issue perfectly. Thanks!
Answers.UserDisplayName: nwsp
Answers.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 3.0
Answers.CreationDate: 2013-12-18T20:51:05.893Z
Answers.LastActivityDate: 2013-12-18T20:56:36.363Z
Answers.LastEditDate: 2013-12-18T20:56:36.363Z
Answers.UserDisplayName: Cal McLean
Body: <p>I have videos recorded with Canon EOS and rendered with Sony Vegas. No color correction whatsoever.</p>
  
  <p>Although the rendered video looks great on any computer screen, the dark areas are always too dark when rendered to a PAL DVD and displayed on a TV set.</p>
  
  <p>By comparing the histogram to some recorded TV material, I realized that the TV material's histogram usually starts around 15, whereas the Canon material starts at 0.</p>
  
  <p>What I normally do now is, whenever rendering to PAL I apply a Sony levels effect and set the Output start to around 0.054 which seems to correspond to 15 in the histogram. On computer screens the resulting footage now looks quite greyish, but on TV it's OK.</p>
  
  <p>My questions:</p>
  
  <ol>
  <li>Is this the correct way to handle the situation? </li>
  <li>What is the correct value to use for the levels effect?</li>
  <li>Is it correct to not apply the levels effect when rendering for Youtube etc.?</li>
  <li>In which situations do I have to use the levels effect, and in which situations better not?</li>
  </ol>
  
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 3.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2013-12-16T00:48:30.767Z
Comments.Text: Sounds like you might be having trouble with colourspace conversion. The black point on an 8-bit Rec601 image is 16, not 0 (it's to do with the way PAL transmits video data), so as a result, anything below this, from 0-15 will be displayed as black. The 'Sony Levels' effect essentially applies a LUT to your image (think of it as scaling the values 0-255 to the bounds 15-235, the 8-bit luma range). This means that your image will be displayed correctly on a PAL system, but will look flat on a computer. Can you upgrade to (at least) a 10-bit workflow?
Comments.UserDisplayName: Cal McLean
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 3.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2013-12-18T20:27:57.687Z
Comments.Text: Thanks Callum! That really helps a lot in understanding the issue. Now I know in which direction I've got to dig deeper.
Comments.UserDisplayName: nwsp
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 3.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2013-12-18T20:34:04.687Z
Comments.Text: No problem - want me to pop that in as an answer?
Comments.UserDisplayName: Cal McLean
Tags: <vegas-pro>
Title: Video too dark on PAL TV
UserDisplayName: nwsp
ThreadText: # Video too dark on PAL TV
  
  (Asked by: username_0 on 2013-11-30)
  
  I have videos recorded with Canon EOS and rendered with Sony Vegas. No color correction whatsoever.
  
  Although the rendered video looks great on any computer screen, the dark areas are always too dark when rendered to a PAL DVD and displayed on a TV set.
  
  By comparing the histogram to some recorded TV material, I realized that the TV material's histogram usually starts around 15, whereas the Canon material starts at 0.
  
  What I normally do now is, whenever rendering to PAL I apply a Sony levels effect and set the Output start to around 0.054 which seems to correspond to 15 in the histogram. On computer screens the resulting footage now looks quite greyish, but on TV it's OK.
  
  My questions:
  
  1. Is this the correct way to handle the situation?
  2. What is the correct value to use for the levels effect?
  3. Is it correct to not apply the levels effect when rendering for Youtube etc.?
  4. In which situations do I have to use the levels effect, and in which situations better not?
  
  **Tags:** vegas-pro
  
  > **Comments:**
  > **username_1**: Sounds like you might be having trouble with colourspace conversion. The black point on an 8-bit Rec601 image is 16, not 0 (it's to do with the way PAL transmits video data), so as a result, anything below this, from 0-15 will be displayed as black. The 'Sony Levels' effect essentially applies a LUT to your image (think of it as scaling the values 0-255 to the bounds 15-235, the 8-bit luma range). This means that your image will be displayed correctly on a PAL system, but will look flat on a computer. Can you upgrade to (at least) a 10-bit workflow?  
  > **username_0**: Thanks Callum! That really helps a lot in understanding the issue. Now I know in which direction I've got to dig deeper.  
  > **username_1**: No problem - want me to pop that in as an answer?  
  
  ---
  
  ## 1 answers
  
  ### Answer by username_1 on 2013-12-18. Score: 2 | Accepted answer
  
  *To make the distinction: PAL is just an encoding system, which only really defines the resolution and frame rate for analogue systems. Rec601/709 are colourspaces generally used by TVs.*
  
  Sounds like you might be having trouble with colourspace conversion. The black point on an 8-bit Rec601 image is 16, not 0 (it's to do with the way analogue systems transmit video data - sync, etc.), so as a result, anything below this, from 0-15 will be displayed as black.
  
  Video editors, DVD burners and other video processors may not take colourspaces into account or may manipulate your video, resulting in a change of colourspace, which will ultimately change the colours in your video.
  
  The 'Sony Levels' effect essentially applies a LUT to your image (think of it as scaling the values 0-255 to the bounds 15-235, the 8-bit luma range). This means that your image will be displayed correctly on a Rec601 system, but will look flat on a computer.
  
  Working in a 10+ bit workflow may help to solve this issue. However, to answer your points:
  
  > *1. Is this the correct way to handle the situation?*
  
  Your camera shoots video in the RGB colourspace, not the Rec601/709 spaces.
  
  Ultimately, the best way is to apply a RGB -> Rec601 LUT, essentially remapping the colours correctly across the board, but I'm not sure if Vegas supports this off the top of my head. Using the Levels effect will help with the black/white values (make sure the centre is at 0.5), but there may be some colour variation.
  
  > *2. What is the correct value to use for the levels effect?*
  
  The black point should be 0.059 and the white point should be 0.918 to comply with the standard.
  
  > *3. Is it correct to not apply the levels effect when rendering for Youtube etc.?*
  
  That's correct - YouTube will accept your video with the default colourspace and should display it correctly. You may as well test this, though.
  
  > *4. In which situations do I have to use the levels effect, and in which situations better not?*
  
  Any time you're displaying your content on a Rec601 device.
  
  > **Comments:**
  > **username_0**: That totally explains the issue. The levels effect with the presets "studio to computer RGB" and "Computer to Studio RGB" fixes the issue perfectly. Thanks!  
  
  ---
  
  