Answers.Body: <p>You don't need to worry about most of those formats. Over the last decades, different formats have emerged for different purposes. Since most of those purposes still exist somewhere, software such as the Adobe suit still supports most of them, but for general online video purposes, you don't need most of them. For a normal video that is intended to be watched on computers, uploaded to the internet et c., MP4 or AVI videos with the H.264 codec is what you will want to use, as it is supported by virtually all applications and hardware. QuickTime Movie (usually used with .mov files, though the codec can be used in other <a href="https://video.stackexchange.com/questions/15821/how-are-video-and-audio-streams-placed-in-container-files-and-what-interrelati/15824#15824">container formats</a> as well) is another option.</p>
  
  <blockquote>
    <p>"Keyframe every x seconds"</p>
  </blockquote>
  
  <p>In the context of encoding an H.264 video, the term 'keyframe' refers to I-frames. For compression purposes, many codecs don't save each individual frame fully. Instead, they save one full frame (similar to one image file) every few seconds (or in irregular intervals) and for all the frames in between, only the <em>difference</em> between the last I-frame (keyframe) is saved, reducing filesize. The keyframe interval controls the frequency of the keyframes. Most encoders can also place them irregularly whenever there is a large difference between two adjacent frames (which usually means a scene change), which is what you want if it is an option and you don't have a special reason why you need to set the keyframe interval manully.</p>
  
  <blockquote>
    <p>"Limit data rate to x"</p>
  </blockquote>
  
  <p>Probably refers to the bitrate (I never understood the tendency of different developers to give their settings special names, even though it's the same damn thing every time. Talk about confusing users). The bitrate is the amount of bits (i.e. information) per second. The higher the bitrate, the better the quality (non-linearly though, after a certain point there are diminishing returns in quality increasement). And the higher the bitrate, the larger the resulting file. </p>
  
  <p><strong>Edit:</strong> As Mulvya pointed out, this setting probably refers to the maximum bitrate rather than the target bitrate. That is, the encoder will never exceed that average bitrate, it may however use a lower value if feasible. In this case, the quality slider (see next section) would control the target bitrate. </p>
  
  <blockquote>
    <p>Most of them offer a depth and quality setting ranging from low to high or best - I always choose the best quality, but I'm not sure it's necessary. </p>
  </blockquote>
  
  <p>Quality sliders usually control the compression level, which in turn is related to the bitrate. Higher bitrate = higher quality = higher filesize. You will have to experiment with that to find a setting where you don't notice any artifacts in the rendered file while the filesize is still acceptable.</p>
  
  <blockquote>
    <p>For example I just exported this in AVI mode at 1080p, but have a weird flicker.</p>
  </blockquote>
  
  <p>Looks to me like a framerate issue, but could also be caused by messing with the keyframe interval. As you said, try a different format, preferably MP4/H.264. In general, don't meddle with a setting if you don't know what it does. Setting an unusual keyframe interval for instance can yield unexpected results.</p>
  
  <hr>
  
  <blockquote>
    <p>but this is a complex animation and even with a powerful graphics card the rendering takes 30 minutes to an hour</p>
  </blockquote>
  
  <p>I had to wait about three days for an animation rendering to finish once (blender using cycles engine though), just to put that into perspective °v°</p>
  
Answers.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 3.0
Answers.CreationDate: 2017-02-18T00:02:56.327Z
Answers.Text: `I had to wait about three days for an animation rendering to finish once` - the only real reason for having triple 1080s. One day maybe. Then again I'm not sure blender is optimized to utilize 3 GPUs effectively.
Answers.UserDisplayName: J.Todd
Answers.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 3.0
Answers.CreationDate: 2017-02-18T06:45:51.503Z
Answers.Text: Avoid AVI if rendering to H.264. Old container. MP4/MOV/MXF is fine. *Limit data rate to x* --> this could be the max bitrate, which may be a ceiling useful if the output is to be streamed or played in a hardware player.
Answers.UserDisplayName: Gyan
Answers.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 3.0
Answers.CreationDate: 2017-02-18T18:24:12.973Z
Answers.Text: @Mulvya Good point, I've edited my answer
Answers.UserDisplayName: MoritzLost
Answers.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 3.0
Answers.CreationDate: 2017-02-17T23:12:18.107Z
Answers.LastActivityDate: 2017-02-18T18:23:50.233Z
Answers.LastEditDate: 2017-04-13T12:46:08.110Z
Answers.UserDisplayName: MoritzLost
Body: <p>I'm outputting a video in Photoshop and there are a wide range of export options with seemingly very few if any blogs or tutorials explaining the pros and cons of the different options. I've researched enough to know that different file types don't necessarily affect quality in themselves, but rather the video codecs they support. </p>
  
  <p>For example I just <a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/uhqoc4zcileulse/RepMail%20Anim%20Step%2013.75%20hybrid.avi?dl=0" rel="nofollow noreferrer">exported this in AVI mode at 1080p</a>, but have a weird flicker. This isn't really a problem, since I can just export in a different format and get a better result, but I'm just interested in a basic explanations of the pros and cons of a few different formats available in PS. </p>
  
  <p>To go over a range of options I'm talking about:</p>
  
  <p><strong>QuickTime Movie</strong></p>
  
  <ul>
  <li>H.264</li>
  <li>Animation</li>
  <li>DV - PAL</li>
  <li>DV / DVCPRO NTSC</li>
  <li>DVCPRO PAL</li>
  <li>JPEG 2000</li>
  <li>MPEG-4 Video</li>
  <li>None</li>
  <li>Photo - JPEG</li>
  <li>PNG</li>
  </ul>
  
  <p><strong>AVI</strong></p>
  
  <ul>
  <li>Cinepak</li>
  <li>DV* options listed above</li>
  </ul>
  
  <p>Cinepak offers some weird options such as "Keyframe every x seconds" and "Limit data rate to x". </p>
  
  <p>H.264 also offers "Keyframes every x seconds", "Frame reordering", and "Limit data rate to x"</p>
  
  <p>Most of them offer a depth and quality setting ranging from low to high or best - I always choose the best quality, but I'm not sure it's necessary. </p>
  
  <p>If someone could very briefly explain the pros and cons of these different compression formats, and their effects on the resulting video, purposes, etc, it'd help a lot. I'd just go through and render different options to see the differences, but this is a complex animation and even with a powerful graphics card the rendering takes 30 minutes to an hour. </p>
  
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 3.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2017-02-17T22:52:57.107Z
Comments.Text: The dropbox link is dead
Comments.UserDisplayName: MoritzLost
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 3.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2017-02-17T22:54:47.477Z
Comments.Text: @MoritzLost fixed
Comments.UserDisplayName: J.Todd
Tags: <video>
Title: What are the pros and cons of a few of Photoshop's video format export options?
UserDisplayName: J.Todd
ThreadText: # What are the pros and cons of a few of Photoshop's video format export options?
  
  (Asked by: username_0 on 2017-02-17)
  
  I'm outputting a video in Photoshop and there are a wide range of export options with seemingly very few if any blogs or tutorials explaining the pros and cons of the different options. I've researched enough to know that different file types don't necessarily affect quality in themselves, but rather the video codecs they support.
  
  For example I just [exported this in AVI mode at 1080p](https://www.dropbox.com/s/uhqoc4zcileulse/RepMail%20Anim%20Step%2013.75%20hybrid.avi?dl=0), but have a weird flicker. This isn't really a problem, since I can just export in a different format and get a better result, but I'm just interested in a basic explanations of the pros and cons of a few different formats available in PS.
  
  To go over a range of options I'm talking about:
  
  **QuickTime Movie**
  
  * H.264
  * Animation
  * DV - PAL
  * DV / DVCPRO NTSC
  * DVCPRO PAL
  * JPEG 2000
  * MPEG-4 Video
  * None
  * Photo - JPEG
  * PNG
  
  **AVI**
  
  * Cinepak
  * DV\* options listed above
  
  Cinepak offers some weird options such as "Keyframe every x seconds" and "Limit data rate to x".
  
  H.264 also offers "Keyframes every x seconds", "Frame reordering", and "Limit data rate to x"
  
  Most of them offer a depth and quality setting ranging from low to high or best - I always choose the best quality, but I'm not sure it's necessary.
  
  If someone could very briefly explain the pros and cons of these different compression formats, and their effects on the resulting video, purposes, etc, it'd help a lot. I'd just go through and render different options to see the differences, but this is a complex animation and even with a powerful graphics card the rendering takes 30 minutes to an hour.
  
  **Tags:** video
  
  > **Comments:**
  > **username_1**: The dropbox link is dead  
  > **username_0**: @username_1 fixed  
  
  ---
  
  ## 1 answers
  
  ### Answer by username_1 on 2017-02-17. Score: 2 | Accepted answer
  
  You don't need to worry about most of those formats. Over the last decades, different formats have emerged for different purposes. Since most of those purposes still exist somewhere, software such as the Adobe suit still supports most of them, but for general online video purposes, you don't need most of them. For a normal video that is intended to be watched on computers, uploaded to the internet et c., MP4 or AVI videos with the H.264 codec is what you will want to use, as it is supported by virtually all applications and hardware. QuickTime Movie (usually used with .mov files, though the codec can be used in other [container formats](https://video.stackexchange.com/questions/15821/how-are-video-and-audio-streams-placed-in-container-files-and-what-interrelati/15824#15824) as well) is another option.
  
  > "Keyframe every x seconds"
  
  In the context of encoding an H.264 video, the term 'keyframe' refers to I-frames. For compression purposes, many codecs don't save each individual frame fully. Instead, they save one full frame (similar to one image file) every few seconds (or in irregular intervals) and for all the frames in between, only the *difference* between the last I-frame (keyframe) is saved, reducing filesize. The keyframe interval controls the frequency of the keyframes. Most encoders can also place them irregularly whenever there is a large difference between two adjacent frames (which usually means a scene change), which is what you want if it is an option and you don't have a special reason why you need to set the keyframe interval manully.
  
  > "Limit data rate to x"
  
  Probably refers to the bitrate (I never understood the tendency of different developers to give their settings special names, even though it's the same damn thing every time. Talk about confusing users). The bitrate is the amount of bits (i.e. information) per second. The higher the bitrate, the better the quality (non-linearly though, after a certain point there are diminishing returns in quality increasement). And the higher the bitrate, the larger the resulting file.
  
  **Edit:** As Mulvya pointed out, this setting probably refers to the maximum bitrate rather than the target bitrate. That is, the encoder will never exceed that average bitrate, it may however use a lower value if feasible. In this case, the quality slider (see next section) would control the target bitrate.
  
  > Most of them offer a depth and quality setting ranging from low to high or best - I always choose the best quality, but I'm not sure it's necessary.
  
  Quality sliders usually control the compression level, which in turn is related to the bitrate. Higher bitrate = higher quality = higher filesize. You will have to experiment with that to find a setting where you don't notice any artifacts in the rendered file while the filesize is still acceptable.
  
  > For example I just exported this in AVI mode at 1080p, but have a weird flicker.
  
  Looks to me like a framerate issue, but could also be caused by messing with the keyframe interval. As you said, try a different format, preferably MP4/H.264. In general, don't meddle with a setting if you don't know what it does. Setting an unusual keyframe interval for instance can yield unexpected results.
  
  ---
  
  > but this is a complex animation and even with a powerful graphics card the rendering takes 30 minutes to an hour
  
  I had to wait about three days for an animation rendering to finish once (blender using cycles engine though), just to put that into perspective °v°
  
  > **Comments:**
  > **username_0**: `I had to wait about three days for an animation rendering to finish once` - the only real reason for having triple 1080s. One day maybe. Then again I'm not sure blender is optimized to utilize 3 GPUs effectively.  
  > **username_2**: Avoid AVI if rendering to H.264. Old container. MP4/MOV/MXF is fine. *Limit data rate to x* --> this could be the max bitrate, which may be a ceiling useful if the output is to be streamed or played in a hardware player.  
  > **username_1**: @Mulvya Good point, I've edited my answer  
  
  ---
  
  