Answers.Body: <p>DV has a something of a focus on simplicity, so it can be encoded with primitive microprocessors and decoded quickly in an NLE. In particular, it's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intraframe" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><em>intra-frame</em></a>: a DV file is basically an array of still-image files.
  That's useful for professional editing; it means however DV can't achieve nearly as high compression ratios as more complicated formats with P- and even B-frames – space used to be not so much of an issue since magnetic tape fits quite astonishing amounts of data.</p>
  <p>So DV isn't really a great format for archiving, it takes up not 60 but easily 10 GB per hour. And that for SD quality, albeit with very little compression artifacts.</p>
  <p>h.264 is <em>much</em> more space-efficient, and its higher computional cost isn't much of an issue now everybody has a fast, at least duo-core processor at hand. You can easily get VHS-like–quality files down to about 1 MB/s with h.264.</p>
  <p>It's pretty much the canonical format now. The main alternatives I'd suggest are free alternatives, mainly</p>
  <ul>
  <li><a href="http://www.theora.org/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Theora</a>. Reasonably well-supported, simpler than h.264, not quite as that good as that- but still pretty ok compression-wise. And</li>
  <li><a href="http://diracvideo.org/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Dirac</a>. Highly sophisticated, really good quality/compression, but computation-heavy and not supported by anything consumer-grade. Not too well by professional stuff either.</li>
  </ul>
  <p>This so far applies to pretty much any kind of video, not just VHS. All of these formats support PAL resolution; Theora doesn't have interlacing, but switching to progressive-scan prior to compression is no big deal and might in fact be a good idea anyway. Just make sure you use a good deinterlacing algorithm.</p>
  
Answers.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 3.0
Answers.CreationDate: 2013-08-02T19:55:05.100Z
Answers.Text: Another plus for H.264 is the level of hardware decode support. Playback of H.264 is a cinch on most modern devices even if the main processor isn't very beefy.
Answers.UserDisplayName: Bala Sivakumar
Answers.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Answers.CreationDate: 2013-06-07T00:06:55.927Z
Answers.LastActivityDate: 2023-03-30T19:28:14.637Z
Answers.LastEditDate: 2023-03-30T19:28:14.637Z
Answers.UserDisplayName: leftaroundabout
Answers.Body: <p>For archiving VHS I suggest using MPEG2 720x576 as the best format in terms of quality/space. 
  DV is 12 GB per hour, but this is the best format for editing. H264 takes up much less space, but it is the delivery format, not for editing. MPEG2 is a compromise. In addition, you can burn them to DVD w/o reconverting.</p>
  
Answers.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 3.0
Answers.CreationDate: 2013-06-07T15:20:49.443Z
Answers.Text: MPEG2 isn't great for editing, either, since it has already P- and B-frames just like h.264. It's easier to decode, yes, but the difference isn't that big (OTOH, h.264 is much more expensive to _encode_, but this isn't an issue here since copying from VHS takes ages anyway). And MPEG2 has much nastier artifacts than any of the alternatives at comparable bitrates. The only real advantage of MPEG2 is its near-universal support (any DVD player will do).
Answers.UserDisplayName: leftaroundabout
Answers.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 3.0
Answers.CreationDate: 2013-06-07T05:41:18.220Z
Answers.LastActivityDate: 2013-06-07T05:41:18.220Z
Answers.UserDisplayName: altarvic
Body: <p>What do you recommended for capturing VHS for archiving on a HDD? Will DV PAL codec do? H264 at high quality? (I'm PAL over here btw). I want to retain the quality, but at the same time I don't want 60GB per hour...</p>
  
Tags: <video><codec>
Title: What compression should I use for archiving VHS tapes to HDD?
UserDisplayName: user1481563
ThreadText: # What compression should I use for archiving VHS tapes to HDD?
  
  (Asked by: username_0 on 2013-06-06)
  
  What do you recommended for capturing VHS for archiving on a HDD? Will DV PAL codec do? H264 at high quality? (I'm PAL over here btw). I want to retain the quality, but at the same time I don't want 60GB per hour...
  
  **Tags:** video, codec
  
  
  ---
  
  ## 2 answers
  
  ### Answer by username_1 on 2013-06-07. Score: 4
  
  DV has a something of a focus on simplicity, so it can be encoded with primitive microprocessors and decoded quickly in an NLE. In particular, it's [*intra-frame*](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intraframe): a DV file is basically an array of still-image files.
  That's useful for professional editing; it means however DV can't achieve nearly as high compression ratios as more complicated formats with P- and even B-frames – space used to be not so much of an issue since magnetic tape fits quite astonishing amounts of data.
  
  So DV isn't really a great format for archiving, it takes up not 60 but easily 10 GB per hour. And that for SD quality, albeit with very little compression artifacts.
  
  h.264 is *much* more space-efficient, and its higher computional cost isn't much of an issue now everybody has a fast, at least duo-core processor at hand. You can easily get VHS-like–quality files down to about 1 MB/s with h.264.
  
  It's pretty much the canonical format now. The main alternatives I'd suggest are free alternatives, mainly
  
  * [Theora](http://www.theora.org/). Reasonably well-supported, simpler than h.264, not quite as that good as that- but still pretty ok compression-wise. And
  * [Dirac](http://diracvideo.org/). Highly sophisticated, really good quality/compression, but computation-heavy and not supported by anything consumer-grade. Not too well by professional stuff either.
  
  This so far applies to pretty much any kind of video, not just VHS. All of these formats support PAL resolution; Theora doesn't have interlacing, but switching to progressive-scan prior to compression is no big deal and might in fact be a good idea anyway. Just make sure you use a good deinterlacing algorithm.
  
  > **Comments:**
  > **username_2**: Another plus for H.264 is the level of hardware decode support. Playback of H.264 is a cinch on most modern devices even if the main processor isn't very beefy.  
  
  ---
  
  ### Answer by username_3 on 2013-06-07. Score: 1
  
  For archiving VHS I suggest using MPEG2 720x576 as the best format in terms of quality/space.
  DV is 12 GB per hour, but this is the best format for editing. H264 takes up much less space, but it is the delivery format, not for editing. MPEG2 is a compromise. In addition, you can burn them to DVD w/o reconverting.
  
  > **Comments:**
  > **username_1**: MPEG2 isn't great for editing, either, since it has already P- and B-frames just like h.264. It's easier to decode, yes, but the difference isn't that big (OTOH, h.264 is much more expensive to _encode_, but this isn't an issue here since copying from VHS takes ages anyway). And MPEG2 has much nastier artifacts than any of the alternatives at comparable bitrates. The only real advantage of MPEG2 is its near-universal support (any DVD player will do).  
  
  ---
  
  