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[ [ "Street arches used in Columbus, Ohio\nColumbus, Ohio has a legacy of using wooden and metal arches on its urban streets. Initially installed in 1888 for lighting during a national Grand Army of the Republic convention, the arches or more permanent replacements were placed on city streets until around 1914, used as overhead lines for electric streetcar wires, until more conventional poles became more favorable. Modern-day arches were installed in the city's Short North neighborhood in 2002, in an effort to unify the district, draw visitors, and increase business sales.\nHistory.\nArches were first used on streets in Columbus in 1888. The Grand Army of the Republic (G.A.R.), a national veterans organization, held its 22nd annual convention in the city that year, bringing about 250,000 people to the city that had held a population of about 90,000. Tent cities were put up around Columbus, so the city erected 25 wooden arches, gas-lit, to support their safety and security at night. The arches spanned High Street for about , from Union Station south to Livingston Avenue. The event also included a parade of 90,000 veterans down High Street, the largest for Union soldiers since the Civil War. The parade route passed under numerous of these arches on High Street.\nAfter the G.A.R. convention, the arches remained installed on city streets to memorialize the significant event. Within several years, the city's prominent horse-driven streetcar companies consolidated. The new Columbus Railway, Power & Light Company looked for a way to power new electric streetcars, and constructed a network of arches in Downtown Columbus in 1896. One section of the city, \"the Hub\" around Fourth and Main Streets, had a smaller system of arch lighting.\nBy the early 1900s, the city became known as \"Arch City\" due to the streetcar arches' popularity and prevalence, as defined as the \"Twin Cities\" of Minneapolis-St. Paul and the \"City of Brotherly Love\", Philadelphia.\nInitially, the arches were only used in high-traffic areas, mostly in Downtown Columbus, with other areas using freestanding wires. Residents of other neighborhoods soon wished to have streetcar arches, as they had become the single clearest identifier for the city, something other neighborhoods wanted to partake in. The electric company to say it would provide power so long as the residents provide the arches. Efforts to raise money for arches in Columbus neighborhoods were often unsuccessful, but businesses in the Short North raised enough from 1907 to 1908 to place arches along High Street for a stretch. Within one year, businessmen on Broad Street west from High to the Toledo & Ohio station raised funds for their own arches. These were dedicated in a ceremony of parades, speeches, and fireworks on July 7, 1909.\nAs early as 1911, city residents began to favor more conventional street lights, and so most streetcar arches were removed from Downtown Columbus by 1914.\nIn the 1990s, in an attempt to unify the Short North district and draw customers to the area, a real estate executive proposed the installation of new streetcar arches resembling the historical set. Seventeen were built, lining High Street from I-670 north to just past Fifth Avenue, with a cost of $2.2 million. The first of the new arches were lit on December 4, 2002. These were complemented by similar arches elsewhere in the city, including at the Lennox Town Center shopping complex.\nOne arch remains from the metal series installed on High Street in 1896, intact on Second Street outside the Majestic Theatre in Chillicothe, Ohio. The theater owner purchased and installed the arch in 1907.\nAttributes.\nThe first arches, used to light areas during the Grand Army of the Republic convention, were made of wood and used gas lighting. The arches installed in 1896 were of metal, with electric lights. They became used to support electric streetcars' overhead lines. They were illuminated at night, providing a luminous glow especially in wet or icy conditions.\nThe modern arches in the Short North line High Street from I-670 north to just past Fifth Avenue. They are 28 feet tall and 57 to 69 feet wide, depending on the street width. They have optical fibers to transmit lights to their glass globes, rather than using individual light bulbs. The modern method prevents individual burn-outs and allows for even lighting.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "689" ], [ "Brubaker/Brandt was an architecture firm based in Columbus, Ohio. The firm completed some of the tallest buildings affecting the city's skyline including the 42-story Rhodes State Office Tower and the Continental Center, along with other notable buildings throughout the Columbus area.\nHistory.\nThe architectural firm Brubaker/Brandt was founded by Leland F. Brubaker (1924–2011) and Kent Brandt (1927–2010). Brubaker and Brandt both attended the Ohio State University and graduated with a degree in architecture in 1949 and 1951, respectively, after serving in the military. The firm employed architects, interior designers, and planners.\nWork.\nIn 1971, Motorists Mutual Insurance Group hired Brubaker/Brandt to begin feasibility studies on expansion or relocation to the suburbs. The firm found that while residents were moving to the suburbs businesses were staying in downtown but were shifting from High Street to Broad Street, catalyzing their decision to remain in the business center. The building designed by the firm met the insurance company's long term needs for growth and attract new businesses to the area while providing conference facilities, parking, and dining for employees. Ground was broken in May 1971, and completed in 1973. The 21-story tower's (now the Encova Building) facade uses bronze-tinted solar glass and one of the first buildings in Columbus to use non-asbestos fireproofing and handicap accessibility.\nDesigned by Brubaker/Brandt and completed in 1975, the James A. Rhodes State Office Tower contrasts with the nearby Ohio Statehouse through its vertical orientation and red granite facade. The Ohio Supreme Court's chamber was originally on the second floor and is emphasized in the building's design.\nIn 1977, Brubaker/Brandt led the planning, design and construction of an extensive expansion of the John Glenn Columbus International Airport. The expansion included a 590-car parking garage, largening the terminal from 139,304 square feet to 494,169 square feet, and reconfigured utilities. During construction, the firm worked to minimize interruption for passengers and residents in the surrounding area. The project was completed in 1982 and cost $55 million.\nThe OCLC headquarters was completed in 1981 in Dublin, Ohio and housed a computer network for library records that freed up time and space at local libraries. The bomb-proof and fire-proof was highly technologically advanced for the time, utilizing electronic key passes and temperature controlled spaces. The building features a large atrium and is reminiscent of the Columbus Hyatt.\nOn June 5, 1989, Columbus City Council approved Brubaker/Brandt as the architect for city buildings, waiving any competitive bidding process from other firms. They were later awarded the Columbus Division of Police Headquarters project. Designed to be twice as large as the previous building, it was intended to reflect City Hall's design and has a two-story main entrance and a 275-seat auditorium. The Police Headquarters building was completed in 1991, but was plagued by controversy and mechanical problems with elements missing from the architect's drawings The mechanical problems of the building were identified to be caused from change orders during construction, rushing construction for the grand opening, and poor design.\nNotable projects.\nProjects by Brubaker/Brandt included:\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "689" ], [ "A cocktail strainer is a metal bar accessory used to remove ice from a mixed drink as it is poured into the serving glass. A type of sieve, the strainer is placed over the mouth of the glass or shaker in which the beverage was prepared; small holes in the device allow only liquids to pass as the beverage is poured.\nThere are two common types of strainers. The Hawthorne strainer is a disc (called the \"rim\") with a handle and two or more stabilizing prongs. A metal spring fixed around the edge of the rim rolls inward to fit inside the glass. The rim of the strainer does not need to touch the rim of the glass, as the spring inside filters out the ice. \nThe Julep strainer is shaped like a bowl with a handle, and will fit tightly into a mixing glass or shaker when inserted at the proper angle. Liquid passes through holes or slits in the bowl.", "376" ], [ "The Ohio Farm Bureau Federation Offices are two historic buildings in Downtown Columbus, Ohio. The buildings were listed together on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. They are located at the junction of Interstate 71 and Broad Street, a heavily trafficked area.\n620 E. Broad was built for Benjamin Huntington, brother of the founder of Huntington Bancshares. 630 E. Broad was built for Andrew Denny Rogers, locally known as the founder of the Columbus Club and the Columbus Consolidated Street Railway Co. In the 1920s, the buildings became home to the offices of the Ohio Farm Bureau Federation, an organization that Nationwide Insurance was born from.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "171" ], [ "The W. H. Jones Mansion was built in 1889 at 731 East Broad Street, Columbus, Ohio as the residence of dry goods store owner William H. Jones and his wife Josephine. The original cost to build it was $11,250. He lived there until 1923. Jones modelled the house after another mansion in Barnesville, Ohio. The Olde Towne East Neighborhood Association successfully prevented it from being demolished to make way for a Long John Silver's restaurant. The home is an example of Queen Anne style architecture, with a corner turret, third story ballroom and a carriage house in the rear. Its foundation is high ashlar stone, its roof is slate, and the main body of the building is made of red pressed brick.\nSince the Jones' occupancy, the building has also been home to a doctor's office as well as the Schorr-Ketner Furniture Company. The mansion was previously leased to community advocate Local Matters. The site is now home to the alternative school Columbus Learning Cooperative, a local alternative to traditional education. They serve students ages 10 to 18, providing resources for the self-directed education model.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "336" ], [ "Hotel and theater in Columbus, Ohio\nThe Great Southern Hotel & Theatre is an historic hotel and theater building in Downtown Columbus, Ohio. The building currently operates as the Westin Great Southern Columbus and the Southern Theatre.\nIt opened on September 21, 1896 and is the oldest surviving theater in Central Ohio and one of the oldest in the state of Ohio. The Southern Theatre is currently owned and operated as a home for live concerts, plays and opera by CAPA (the Columbus Association for the Performing Arts). CAPA also manages several other venues in Columbus including the Ohio, the Palace, and the Lincoln Theatres.\nThe building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places and Columbus Register of Historic Properties in 1982. It was also included in the South High Commercial Historic District, added to those registers in 1983 and 1987, respectively.\nHistory.\nDesign.\nBetween 1889 and 1893 a series of fires destroyed five downtown Columbus theaters. As a result, a group of businessmen decided to develop a new hotel and theater with modern construction and safety features on the southern edge of downtown. The building was called \"The Great Southern Fireproof Hotel and Opera House\", and was designed by the local architectural firm of Dauben, Krumm, and Riebel. Construction began in 1894. Both the theater and the hotel were constructed of \"fireproof\" tile, brick, iron, steel, and concrete.\nThe theater's auditorium design was progressive for its day and was reminiscent of Louis H. Sullivan's 1891 Schiller Theatre in Chicago. From the proscenium opening, a series of concentric arches dotted with incandescent electric lights radiate into the house, resulting in superior lighting and excellent acoustics. Built to be self-sufficient, the theater, one of the first commercial buildings in Columbus to use electricity, generated its own power. Additionally, the building had three wells in the basement, from which it produced its own water supply. The theatre currently seats 933 and is an intimate \"jewel box\" type theater with two balconies.\nIn 1982, the Great Southern was added to the National Register of Historic Places.\nTheater use.\nThe Great Southern Theatre originally hosted theatrical touring productions. Sarah Bernhardt played in the theater in its first two decades. In the 1910s and 1920s the theater, now called the Southern, featured first run silent films and live vaudeville. From the 1930s on, the Southern was a popular home for second-run double features. In the 1970s the theater briefly returned to first run fare as the Towne Cinema, showing black exploitation movies. Throughout the 1970s the Southern also hosted a weekly live Country Music Jamboree, sponsored by local radio station WMNI.\nThe theater closed in 1979 and in 1986 was acquired by CAPA. After sitting empty for nearly two decades, the Southern was completely restored by CAPA in 1997-98 during an extensive 14-month rebuilding process. The newly restored Southern Theatre reopened on September 26, 1998. The Southern Theatre is now featured on many of Columbus's architectural tours.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "1018" ], [ "Historic building in Cambridge, Massachusetts\nThe Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts at Harvard University, in Cambridge, Massachusetts is the only building designed primarily by Le Corbusier in the United States—he contributed to the design of the United Nations Secretariat Building—and one of only two in the Americas (the other being the Curutchet House in La Plata, Argentina). Le Corbusier designed it with the collaboration of Chilean architect Guillermo Jullian de la Fuente at his 35 rue de Sèvres studio; the on-site preparation of the construction plans was handled by the office of Josep Lluís Sert, then dean of the Harvard Graduate School of Design. He had formerly worked in Le Corbusier's atelier and had been instrumental in winning him the commission. The building was completed in 1962.\nCommission.\nDuring the mid-1950s, the idea of creating a place for the visual arts at Harvard began to take shape. A new department dedicated to the visual arts was created, and the need for a building to house the new department arose. A budget was set for $1.3 million, and the proposal was included in a Harvard fundraising program. The project immediately elicited a response from Harvard alumnus Alfred St. Vrain Carpenter and his wife Helen Bundy Carpenter. The couple, whose son Harlow had just attended the Harvard Graduate School of Design, donated $1.5 million for the proposed design center. The donation propelled the project forward, and the Committee for the Practice of Visual Arts began to look for an architect to undertake the project. Originally, the committee had recommended that the building be designed by \"a first rate American architect\" who would be in the company of Charles Bulfinch and Walter Gropius, among others. However, José Luis Sert, who was at the time Dean of the Graduate School of Design and chairman of the committee suggested that his friend and previous collaborator, Le Corbusier, be asked to design the building. Delayed due to scheduling and payment conflicts, Le Corbusier eventually accepted and made his first of two visits to Cambridge in 1959.\nDesign and construction.\nBecause the Carpenter Center was to be his only building in America, Le Corbusier felt it should be a synthesis of his architectural principles and therefore incorporated his Five Points into its design. He took it as a particular challenge, determined that it should make a positive impact both on its surroundings—Georgian style houses—and in its mode of operation. He proposed to take pedestrians from all parts of the campus through the building, so that even though they might not be intending to visit it, they would see and thus partake in the artistic activities going on within it.\nAfter much debate, a site was chosen between Quincy and Prescott Streets, abiding by the original proposal for the building. The allotted space was quite small, so the completed building presents itself as a compact, roughly cylindrical mass bisected by an S-shaped ramp on the third floor. Le Corbusier's earliest design showed a much more pronounced ramp that further separated the two parts of the central mass. However, the early design created the problem of too much disruption of the central mass. This problem auditorium reconciled by using a pinwheel effect so that in the finally executed design, the two halves meet at a vertical core that houses an elevator. The concrete ramp is cantilevered from this central spine and stands atop a few pilotis. The landing at the top of the ramp is located in the core of the building and leads to various studios and exhibition spaces seen through glass windows and doors, providing views into the building's instructional and displaying functions without interrupting the activities in progress.\nThe exterior of the Carpenter Center presents itself very differently from different angles. From Prescott Street looking toward the curved studio space, one can see the brise-soleil that are placed perpendicular to the direction of the central portion of the ramp, making only their narrow ends visible from the street. The Quincy Street view, however, reveals ondulatoires on this studio's exterior curve, which interfere with the building's curve less than the brise-soleil do on the opposite side. On the ramp from Quincy street just before entering the building, one sees grids of square and rectangles of the windows, brise-soleils, and studio spaces, rather than the curves of the two halves of the building.\nLater history.\nThe building now houses the Department of Art, Film, and Visual Studies (formerly Visual and Environmental Studies) of the university, and is the venue for screenings by the Harvard Film Archive.\nLe Corbusier never actually saw the building. He was invited to the opening ceremony, but he declined the invitation on account of his poor health.\nThe French artist Pierre Huyghe explored the creation of the building in his 2004 work \"This Is Not A Time For Dreaming\".\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "689" ], [ "Bemis Hall is the home of the Bemis Lecture Series and the offices of the Lincoln Council on Aging, and is located in the town of Lincoln, Massachusetts. It was dedicated in May, 1892 as part of the will of George Bemis. In the will, Bemis stipulated that the town build,\n\"...a new Town Hall in which shall be a room of sufficient capacity and proper construction for public lectures...and to provide an annual course of public lectures in said Hall of an instructive and elevating character.\"\nThe building was designed by Boston architect Herbert Langford Warren.", "689" ], [ "Historic house in Ohio, United States\nThe Samuel Landes House is a historic house in Columbus, Ohio, United States. The house was built c. 1848 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. The house is significant as a vernacular farmhouse. It was built for Samuel Landes, a prominent farmer in the area, and remained in his family until 1875.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "336" ], [ "Bishop Hall is an academic, administrative, and residence building, housing co-ed upperclassmen residents of Miami University in Oxford, Ohio.\nDevelopment.\nBefore the erection of Bishop Hall, the original system of living for the women of Miami University consisted of two cottages. The women affiliated with sororities attempted to live off campus in order to provide more living space for unaffiliated women, but returned to the cottages after one year. There was a “pressing need for more accommodations for women” and many “inconveniences of the cottage system”.\nIn her annual reports, Elizabeth Hamilton, the Dean of Women, pressed the need for an additional women's dormitory. The enactment of the appropriation granted for the construction of Bishop Hall is attributed to Guy Potter Benton.\nThe appropriation amount granted by the Board of Trustees House of Representatives for the construction of Bishop Hall was $37,500. There was a small wait for the concurrence of the Senate, but also an expression of the need for a “rapid completion”, indicating the urgency of the construction and need of the new residence hall. The hall was to accommodate 104 women. There was encouragement for the new building to be used for the women of the present university and not for the addition of more women. The expected completion date was projected to be January 1912.\nStructure.\nThe address of Bishop Hall, abbreviated BIS, is 300 East Spring Street, Oxford, Ohio 45056. \nThe cost to construct Bishop Hall was $75,000.\nBishop Hall is 26,289 square feet. \nThe residence hall houses 102 occupants in 55 rooms.\nBishop Hall is actually the second dormitory for women.\nToday, Bishop Hall is used as an academic, administrative, and residence building, specifically housing co-ed upperclass residents. \nIt was designed by Frank L. Packard, contracted with Vesta Construction, and was built in 1912.\nAlthough there was no cornerstone or dedication ceremony, the building was named after Robert Hamilton Bishop.\nRobert Hamilton Bishop was the first President of Miami University (1824-1841). He also served as a Professor of Logic and Moral Philosophy and History. Bishop was admired by the students, but fell into much disagreement over many issues with the trustees, faculty, and public which led him to resign. Bishop remained on campus as a professor, but, as turmoil continued, was removed from campus entirely in 1844.\nBishop Hall was utilized as a dining hall too.\nUntil a university infirmary was erected in 1923, the second floor of Bishop Hall was also used as a hospital and was entirely taken over during the influenza epidemic of 1918 for this purpose.\nShortly following the construction of Bishop Hall, the proposition of the need for a college infirmary was expressed by many prominent figures of the university, including the president. The current circumstances did not allow for proper care of students who were ill. There was also a need to handle potential epidemics that are common among small college towns. This created much irony as Bishop Hall was utilized as an infirmary, especially during the influenza epidemic of 1918.\nThere was a dismissal of the women of the college in order to accomplish the transition of Bishop Hall into a hospital that would allow treatment for patients. Over 100 cases were treated in the hospital of Bishop Hall. The first floor was reserved for the fifteen nurses and the second and third floors were occupied by patients. The primary care for all cases was accredited to Dr. MacMillan, after who the first infirmary was named. The transformation of Bishop Hall from an infirmary back to a residence hall followed the erection of Wade MacMillan Hospital.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "772" ], [ "Hamer's General Store was a small commercial building on the eastern side of the village of Mechanicsburg, Ohio, United States. Declared a historic site in the 1980s because of its architecture, it is no longer standing.\nHistoric context.\nWhen platted in 1814, Mechanicsburg featured a grid plan centered on two major streets: Sandusky, running northeast–southwest, and Main, running northwest–southeast. Many of the lots along Main Street are small, causing the buildings occupying them to be narrow and constructed with minimal setbacks from the street. Upon one of these lots was built Hamer's General Store in an unknown year in the second half of the nineteenth century. Its name derives from a longtime owner, a Mr. Hamer who operated it from 1960 until selling it in 1983. General stores similar to Hamer's were once common in rural Ohio, but by enduring long after the demise of most others, Hamer's gradually became one of an extremely rare breed.\nArchitecture.\nHamer's General Store was a weatherboarded building with a brick foundation, elements of stone and metal, and a composite roof rising to a gable. Among its most distinctive features was its prominent false front, which was produced by the construction of a tall parapet on the front and its embellishment with brackets and a cornice. The effect of a traditional country store was enhanced by the presence around the entrance of a porch with a shed roof. Throughout its history, the display windows and double doors at and around the entrance were never replaced. While numerous other commercial buildings exist in Mechanicsburg, such as in the downtown commercial district, they are generally substantially different from Hamer's because of their brick construction and Italianate styling.\nHistoric site.\nIn 1985, Hamer's General Store was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying as a rare surviving example of late-nineteenth-century commercial architecture. It was part of a multiple property submission of approximately twenty buildings, scattered throughout the village in such a low concentration that a historic district designation was not practical. Despite this designation, Hamer's is no longer standing; a Valero gas station occupies the site where the store was once located.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "171" ], [ "Sculpture in Columbus, Ohio, U.S.\nThe Lincoln Goodale Monument (also known as Dr. Lincoln Goodale, the Goodale Monument, Lincoln Goodale, and Memorial to Lincoln Goodale, M.D.), is an 1888 bust depicting the physician of the same name, installed in Columbus, Ohio's Goodale Park, in the United States.\nThe work is a contributing part of the Near Northside Historic District, established in 1980. \nDescription and history.\nThe bust, sculpted by John Quincy Adams Ward, depicts Goodale wearing a suit and bow tie. It is made of bronze with green patina and measures approximately x , x . The bust rests on a granite base measuring approximately x x . The base was designed by Richard Morris Hunt.\nThere are several inscriptions. Two on the bust read \"J.Q.A. WARD / Sculptor\" and \"CAST BY THE HENRY-BONNARD BRONZE CO. NEW YORK. 1888”. Another on the base reads: “LINCOLN / GOODALE”. A plaque on the base, donated on July 14, 1991, reads, “Lincoln Goodale 1782-1868 This bronze bust was created in 1888 by Ohio sculptor J.Q.A. Ward in memory of Dr. Lincoln Goodale, the area's first physician.\"\nThe memorial cost $5,470 and was commissioned and paid for by the city and executors of Goodale’s estate. It was designed in 1887 and dedicated on September 26, 1888. The artwork was surveyed by the Smithsonian Institution's \"Save Outdoor Sculpture!\" program in 1992.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "244" ], [ "Local government building in the United States\nThe Guernsey County Courthouse is located on U.S. Route 40 in Cambridge, Ohio. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.\nHistory.\nGuernsey County was formed in 1810 and the county constructed its courthouse on Public Square in Cambridge. The courthouse was a Greek Revival style building with red brick facade. Two large double doors were located at the north and south ends and long rectangular windows with dark shutters lined the sides. A large spire stood eighty-seven feet tall with a cupola capped by a weathervane shaped like a fish. This courthouse lasted for seventy more years.\nNeed for a second courthouse became apparent as the county grew in population. The city of Cambridge contracted Joseph W. Yost to design and build the new courthouse. Yost designed the courthouse in the popular Second Empire style. During this time, Old Washington petitioned to be granted the county seat claiming that they were more central. This petition failed and the foundation to the second courthouse was laid in 1881, with the cornerstone bearing the date August 4, 1881. The building was dedicated on 1883-09-11.\nExterior.\nThe exterior is of fine sandstone block with a hipped roof and mansard-roofed towers. Stairs lead to main entrance and is covered by a small balcony. A statue of Justice stands in the broken pediment on the southern face, below the statue is a fan shaped stone bearing the date 1881. A central tower rises from the center of the building and houses a four faced clock and consists of louvered arch openings.\nThe courthouse is surrounded by various memorials to soldiers from the county in the American Civil War, World War I, World War II, Korean War, Vietnam War, and Operation Desert Storm. The most prominent is the Civil War Monument.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "689" ], [ "Schools in Columbus, Ohio, United States\nThe Metro Schools are a semi-public network of three schools located in Columbus, Ohio, United States, on Ohio State University's campus: Metro Early College High School (MECHS), and Metro Middle School (MECMS). The Metro Institute of Technology, the third branch of the school, closed in 2017.\nIn 2021, it was reported that the school would expand into the former Indianola Junior High School building.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "90" ], [ "Historic house in Vermont, United States\nThe Aiken Stand Complex is a historic pair of buildings at the junction of Royalton Turnpike and Sayer Road in rural Barnard, Vermont. Built c. 1805 and 1835, they were the centerpiece of a small village that flourished in the first half of the 19th century, when the Turnpike was the principal north–south route through the region. The buildings were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.\nDescription and history.\nThe Aiken Stand Complex stands in what is now a comparatively remote and rural area of eastern Barnard. At the southeast corner of Royalton Turnpike and Sayer Road stands the main building, a <templatestyles src=\"Fraction/styles.css\" />2+1⁄2-story wood-frame structure, with a side gable roof, large central chimney, clapboarded exterior, five-bay front facade, and rubblestone foundation. Its interior and exterior are predominantly Federal in their style. Across the turnpike to the west stands a <templatestyles src=\"Fraction/styles.css\" />1+1⁄2-story Cape style structure, with a similar exterior, but with Greek Revival features, including sidelight windows flanking the entrance.\nThe location was the site of a tavern from at least 1781, when Solomon Aiken was documented to be operating one. His business benefited from the establishment of the Woodstock and Royalton Turnpike, a toll road, in 1800, and he built the main tavern building about 1805 to handle increased business. The Cape was added in 1835 to handle overflow traffic and provide more space for the Aiken family. Notable visitors to the tavern included President James Madison in 1817, and the Marquis de Lafayette in 1824. At its height, the tavern was the center of a small village, with a blacksmith's shop and school. The turnpike declined in importance after the construction of railroads in the state, and the tavern ended as a business in the 1870s. The buildings were used as private residences until the mid-20th century, and were then abandoned. They underwent restoration in the early 1980s.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "336" ], [ "The Orton Memorial Laboratory is a historic building in the Weinland Park neighborhood of Columbus, Ohio. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.\nBuilt in 1929, Orton Memorial Laboratory was originally used as the headquarters for the Standard Pyrometric Cone Company. The company was established by the son of the founding president of the Ohio State University. The laboratory was designed by Howard Dwight Smith, the same architect who designed the Thompson Library and the Ohio Stadium. A recent rehabilitation project turned the laboratory into a modern industrial office space.\nAdditions to the building include the west wing, added in 1956, and the east wing, added in 1962.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "171" ], [ "The Historic House Trust of New York City was formed in 1989 as a public-private partnership with the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation to preserve the historic houses located within New York City parks, although most of the houses were not originally city-owned. The Trust works with the individual houses to restore and promote the houses as a means of educating residents and visitors about the social, economic and political history of New York City and cast urban history in a new light. The Trust includes 23 historic sites, with 18 operating as museums and attracting 729,000 annual visitors.\nProperties.\nThe Historic House Trust includes properties in each of New York City's five boroughs, and there is a house for every period in the City's history, depending on one's scheme of dividing history. A number of the properties have live-in caretakers to help prevent vandalism and other problems.\nHistory.\nIn 1988, the City Parks department established a Historic House Office to preserve the 23 City-owned historic house-museums located in City parks. This office gave way to the Historic House Trust of New York City in 1989, funded by private donations, as well as grants, with the goal of each house becoming a professionally accredited museum. In an effort to increase awareness of the program during its first year of operation, the Trust developed a so-called passport program wherein visitors would receive stamps each time they visited one of the houses. If a visitor went to all 23 properties, they would receive an audience with the Mayor. HHT's passport program was brought back in 2008 as a method of commemorating the Trust's 20th anniversary.\nThe Trust also holds events such as the Historic Houses Festival, during which all the houses are open with different events at each, in order to raise awareness. New properties are added to the Trust when they come under city control if private care-taking or ownership has not succeeded, although the contents of the home may remain under private ownership.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "231" ], [ "Historic house in Ohio, United States\nThe Heyne-Zimmerman House is a historic house in Columbus, Ohio, United States. The house was built c. 1912 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. The Heyne-Zimmerman House was built at a time when East Broad Street was a tree-lined avenue featuring the most ornate houses in Columbus; the house reflects the character of the area at the time. The building is also part of the 18th & E. Broad Historic District on the Columbus Register of Historic Properties, added to the register in 1988.\nThe building was home to Carl G. Heyne, president of the American Cash Register Manufacturing Company, from 1912 to 1914. Charles Zimmerman, manager of Ohio Auto Sales, lived there with his wife from 1918 to the early 1930s. After his death, she continued living there into the early 1940s.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "336" ], [ "Historic church in Ohio, United States\nTrinity Evangelical Lutheran Church (previously known as Trinity German Evangelical Lutheran Church) is a historic Lutheran church at 404 S. Third Street in Columbus, Ohio.\nIt was built in 1856 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "922" ], [ "Putnam and Mellor Engine and Hose Company Firehouse was a historic fire station located at Port Chester, Westchester County, New York. It was built in 1888 and is a three-story, three bay wide, masonry building in the Queen Anne style. It is constructed of red brick with stone stringcourses and terra cotta decoration. It features a low hipped roof with decorative gable ends and a corner bell tower.\nIt was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.\nThe official name of this firehouse was the South Main Street Firehouse. The address was 46 South Main Street, Port Chester, NY. As described above, it housed the Putnam Engine & Hose Company, No.2 (founded Oct. 1854) and the Mellor Engine & Hose Company, No.3. The fire engines for these companies are Engine 63 and Engine 61, respectively.\nIn 1995 the rear wall of the South Main Street Firehouse collapsed, rendering the firehouse uninhabitable. Putnam and Mellor were temporarily displaced and eventually relocated to their current home – the South End Fire Station (51-53 Grace Church Street, Port Chester, NY). This new firehouse was completed in 2001.\nDespite public outcry and despite being on the National Register, on November 17, 2007 the South Main Street Firehouse was demolished.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "171" ], [ "Lighthouse in Florida, US\nThe Garden Key Light, also known as the Tortuga Harbor Light, is located at Fort Jefferson, on Garden Key in the Dry Tortugas, Florida. The first lighthouse, started in 1824 and first lit in 1826, was a brick conical tower. The lighthouse and its outbuildings were the only structures on Garden Key until construction started on Fort Jefferson in 1846. Construction continued until 1861, but the fort was never completed.\nIn 1858 the Dry Tortugas lighthouse was built on a nearby island, and the first-order Fresnel lens was moved there from the Garden Key lighthouse. The Garden Key lighthouse received a fourth-order Fresnel lens and became the harbor light for Fort Jefferson. In 1877 the brick tower was razed and replaced with a boilerplate iron tower on top of a stairwell in the fort. In 1912, the keeper's house burned down, and the lighthouse was automated with tanks of compressed acetylene replacing the butts of kerosene to fuel the lights. The light was deactivated in 1924.\n was part of the squadron stationed at Garden Key when it exploded and sank in the harbor of Havana, Cuba. James Fenimore Cooper's 1848 novel \"Jack Tier: or the Florida Reefs\", is set at the Garden Key lighthouse. Ernest Hemingway's 1932 short story \"After the Storm\" is about a shipwreck between Garden Key and Rebecca Shoal, to the east of Garden Key.", "764" ], [ "Memorial Park is located in Obetz, Ohio and stretches between the Obetz Government Center and the Street department building, which is at the western end of Orchard Lane. The Obetz Athletic Club is located in Memorial Park. Memorial Park is also home to the village's annual Zucchinifest.\nWith a total area of 80 acres, Memorial Park is the largest of Obetz' parks. Memorial has two basketball courts, three soccer fields, a baseball complex, two concession stands, a children's play area with playground equipment and benches, several paved parking areas, and a one-acre fishing pond stocked with Largemouth bass, Bluegill, and Channel catfish. Paved paths run through the park, and dirt nature trails are located in the wooded area around the EAS Training Center.\nEAS Training Center.\nLong the training facility for the Columbus Crew soccer team, EAS Training Center was announced, in February 2016, as the home ground for PRO Rugby team the Ohio Aviators.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "798" ], [ "The Maryville Alcoa Greenway is a cooperative effort by the two cities and Blount County, Tennessee to connect existing parks with a paved foot and cycle path.\nHistory.\nThe city of Maryville initially developed its Bicentennial Greenbelt Park by clearing part of its downtown and damming Pistol Creek to flood the area. Alcoa had developed its own Springbrook Park. In 1996 efforts to connect the parks began. In early 1996 the two cities were successful in obtaining an $850,000 grant of Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) for the Greenway.\nBetween 1996 and 1998 the two parks were connected by a three-mile (5 km) extension entirely within the city of Alcoa. During the same period Maryville extended the Greenway from the Greenbelt to the Maryville Intermediate School. On October 15, 1998 the Maryville Alcoa Greenway was dedicated.\nThe Greenway was immediately well received by the public and by early 1999 plans were already underway for extensions. The result was Alcoa extended a spur through the Springbrook Corporate Center. The two cities also completed an eastern connector between the Greenbelt and Springbrook Park. \nToday the Greenway is well lighted and marked, providing numerous opportunities for picnics, play, and exercise while connecting the two cities and providing a nine-mile linear recreational facility.\nAlcoa Main (4 miles).\nBeginning at Mile Marker 0 (the line between Maryville and Alcoa), the Greenway proceeds north for to the Springbrook Corporate Center Spur, then east to the Alcoa Duck Pond at mile 3, then north through Springbrook Park to Hunt Road, ending at mile 4.\nGreen Meadows Spur (1 mile).\nBeginning at mile 1.5 the spur extends through the Springbrook Corporate Center crossing US 129. On December 22, 2010, a bridge over US 129 funded by ARRA was completed which permits access to the Green Meadows community.\nEast Connector (2.5 miles).\nThe East Connector begins at mile 3 on the Alcoa Main and heads south , following the edge of the Alcoa Aluminum plant, crossing into Maryville at and connecting to the Greenbelt Park from mile marker 0.\nMaryville (4 miles).\nBeginning at Mile Marker 0 (the line between Maryville and Alcoa), the Greenway heads south, then west through the Bicentennial Park (Greenbelt) and back east to the Charles West Amphitheater, adjacent to the old Courthouse at mile marker 1. The Greenway heads southeast across US 321 and Montvale Road connecting with Sandy Springs Park at . The Greenway then heads east to Pearson Springs Park at mile 3.5 and the Maryville Intermediate School at mile 4\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "721" ], [ "The York Lodge No. 563 is a historic Masonic lodge building on the northern side of Columbus, Ohio, United States. Constructed at the beginning of the twentieth century, it was home to the first Masonic lodge in its part of the city. Its architecture makes it a prominent part of the local built environment, and the building has been named a historic site.\nMasons established their first Columbus presence in the downtown area, but the northern neighborhoods were harder to penetrate; multiple attempts to start a northern lodge were made, but the first efforts failed. York Lodge 563 finally broke this trend, becoming the first northern lodge to last more than a short time. When their strength had grown to the point that they could construct their own lodge building, they contracted with the architectural firm of Stribling and Lum to design the present building, which was completed in 1915.\nBuilt of brick with elements of limestone and metal, the lodge building is typical of early twentieth-century variants of the Italianate style. Few modifications have been made to the ornamental interior, and the original stained glass windows have likewise been preserved. The most distinctive elements of the exterior are components such as cunningly-worked limestone trim and decorative brickwork. This exterior causes the building to be greatly different from its neighbors, commercial buildings with substantially smaller setbacks from the street.\nIn July 1984, the York Lodge No. 563 was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its historically significant architecture. Critical to its historic site status was the lack of modification either inside or out, and its architect was also related to designation: although Stribling and Lum operated from 1902 until 1933, almost none of their buildings comparable to or grander than the lodge building have survived.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "171" ], [ "Defunct cocktail bar in Worthington, Ohio, U.S.\nThe Light of Seven Matchsticks was a craft cocktail bar in Worthington, Ohio. The bar was designed with a speakeasy style and literary elements, especially relating to Wes Anderson films. It was located beneath Natalie's Coal-Fired Pizza and Live Music, an independent restaurant and music venue. The Light of Seven Matchsticks opened in January 2017 and closed on September 18, 2022.\nThe bar was considered one of the best in Columbus. In 2022, \"Mashed\" listed it as the best bar in Ohio. It was regarded for its decor and atmosphere, inventive cocktails, and food menu.\nAttributes.\nThe Light of Seven Matchsticks was named for a fictitious book featured in the Wes Anderson film \"Moonrise Kingdom\". The bar was hidden beneath Natalie's Coal-Fired Pizza and Live Music, a music venue and restaurant with . There was no visible street-level signage for the bar.\nThe space had a heavy ambiance, with Wes Anderson-inspired decor, tall green velvet booths, wood trim, menus hidden in old library books, and secret menus in checkout-card slots at the backs of the books. Originally, the bar played music of the early 1900s, and had a varying menu of French, Thai, Indian, or other cuisines. Its operating hours began every night with 1920s jazz standard \"The Charleston\". By 2019, its food staples were duck fat popcorn with Grana Padano, housemade jerky, Korean barbecue pork ribs, Singapore noodles, and Sicilian meatballs. The bar had no cell service, considered a feature of the space.\nThe bar also had a waiting area by the entrance, separate from the rest of the space. A dividing wall between the two had a grated mail slot and sliding door, allowing guests to place orders before seating.\nThe bar's cocktail menu was divided in chapters titled after Joseph Campbell's concept of the hero's journey. Originally, \"Call to Adventure\" included drinks with rarer ingredients, \"Profound Dream State\" included reworked classic cocktails, and \"Meet the Mentor\" had adjusted recipes devised by leading bartenders around the United States. As of 2019, the bar had 30 cocktails on its menu, all reasonably priced.\nThe bar was considered one of the best in Columbus. Readers of \"Columbus Underground\" consistently rated the bar one of the best in the city. In 2022, \"Mashed\" listed it as the best bar in Ohio.\nHistory.\nThe bar space or the restaurant above had previously housed about six other businesses. The building was constructed in 1958 for Ann Ton's Restaurant, which opened at the same address in 1945. The new restaurant, run by Tony and Ann Fracasso, served Italian and American foods, and had a private party room, a rathskeller, and a lounge. The restaurant, kitchen, and bar was originally outfitted by the Wasserstrom Company. At one time, the bar there reportedly drew in Perry Como and Dean Martin. The business was sold in 1970 and the space was converted for Peacock Kitchen or Peacock China Grill. The building later housed Bangkok Cuisine, followed by Guido's La Cucina Italiana. Guido's opened in 1996.\nIn February 2001, 30 people were arrested at the restaurant, including 10 Columbus firefighters. The people were arrested following a tip to police that illegal gambling was taking place at the restaurant. In March, 42 people were charged with gambling, including the restaurant's owner and assistant manager. Many of the bettors and operators pleaded guilty in their trials. In 2001, an Italian eatery called Fratello's Restaurant opened in the space. Its operator and part-owner, Nancy Moretti, was the daughter of Ann and Tony Fracasso. The business abruptly closed in February 2003.\nNatalie's Coal-Fired Pizza and Live Music opened in the building in 2012; the business was owned by Charlie Jackson and his daughter Natalie Jackson. For five years the business was not actively using its basement space, which already had a bar; it was used for storage and as a green room for performers. Staff members collaborated on the idea to open a speakeasy-style bar. The Light of Seven Matchsticks opened on January 26, 2017, following a soft opening on January 19. It was originally managed by Kileen Lehman.\nFrom around 2018 into the 2020s, the bar was managed by P.J. Ford, who created a frequently changing menu with inventive ingredients. He was highlighted as one of nine Columbus-area \"tastemakers\" by \"Columbus Monthly\" for his work at the bar. He introduced non-alcoholic cocktails to the bar in summer 2019, including \"Al Green Tea\": olive oil-washed sundew green tea, lemon juice, orange marmalade syrup, cardamom bitters, and egg white, served in a coupe glass.\nThe bar was positively reviewed in a \"Columbus Monthly\" feature in 2019. The magazine wrote that \"the establishment blends sophistication, whimsy and a love of literature in a manner that can seem a little precious, but is a lot of fun.\" At this time, the bar was popular enough that a two-hour limit was imposed for guests at tables.\nDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, Natalie's began a policy to require proof of a negative COVID-19 test or a COVID-19 vaccine. The policy applied to both Natalie's locations as well as the Light of Seven Matchsticks. The Worthington locations saw protesters outside in mid-August, denouncing the vaccine mandate.\nIn September 2022, the owners of the bar and upstairs restaurant announced the closure of both spaces; the bar closed on September 18 of that year. The bar's general manager, P.J. Ford, became general manager of another craft cocktail bar in the area, Law Bird. The businesses were put up for sale; its owners stated the sale was made in order to pool resources into the larger Natalie's location in Grandview, another Columbus suburb. There the business owners hope to create a new bar concept with the hope to draw similar guests. The bar will continue to hold private events until the sale takes place.\nIn July 2023, the bar's staff announced they would host a single-night popup at the Bottle Shop, a similarly quirky bar in Columbus. The popup event on July 24, 2023, is to include foods and drinks formerly on the Light of Seven Matchsticks' menu in addition to new creations, listed on menus hidden in antique books as the bar once used.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "522" ], [ "The Palace of culture of Messina, inaugurated to the public as \"Palacultura Antonello da Messina\", on 12 February 2010, is a multipurpose center located at No. 343 of Viale Boccetta in Messina.\nHistory.\nRealized on a project by the engineers Aldo D'Amore and Fabio Basile of 1975, after various tribulations (including the discovery of some archaeological finds), it finally had the light at the end of the 2000s. More precisely, on 16 April 2009 they were concluded the works and its official inauguration are scheduled for the summer of 2009, was then inaugurated on 12 February 2012 with a conference for the presentation of the works on the Strait of Messina Bridge, in the presence of various authorities such as the President of ANAS and the Strait of Messina (concessionaire of the works of the Bridge), Pietro Ciucci, the President of the Italian railway network Mauro Moretti and the Minister of infrastructures and transports Altero Matteoli.\nFeatures.\nLocated in the central part of viale Boccetta, which represents the first access road for motorists coming from the A20 and A18 motorways to the city of Messina, it is therefore necessarily a first visiting card on its architecture that the city offers visitors. Consisting of three buildings destined to house offices for culture, the largest city library, an 850-seat theater with 4 audiences, orchestra pit and booths for the television broadcasting of events, an auditorium for outdoor music, among the largest and most modern in Italy, and still an exhibition hall located on the terrace of the building's body B.\nThe inverted pyramid structure was obtained by exploiting the considerable flexibility offered by materials such as concrete and steel, obviously taking into account that Messina is a 1st category seismic zone.\nDisputes.\nIn February 2009 the online newspaper \"Tempostretto\" noted a remarkable similarity of the work with the Boston City Hall hypothesizing a plagiarism of the Messina designers. The curious aspect of the story is the fact that the town hall of Boston is dated 1969 and after forty years of life, it risks being demolished.\nAnother controversy that characterized the troubled construction of the Palacultura, was the discovery, in February 1982, of some archaeological finds dating back to Roman times. The works resumed in February of the following year, but when still the piling was in progress, there was a new suspension in 1985 for the necessary of an adjacent staircase, these works were completed only in 1993, meanwhile the Municipality of Messina had taken steps to adapt the now obsolete project to the new regulations (safety, parking and so on), also implementing a variant of the project, presented in 1999, which envisaged the extension of the entire structure. Finally, in September 2004 the works were contracted out to the Catanese company \"Cosedil S.p.A.\" of the geom. Andrea Vecchio and after less than 5 years the work had the light and its inauguration, scheduled for September 2009, will ensure that the work abandons forever the nickname of \"queen of the unfinished\" that has characterized it for 34 long years.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "106" ], [ "Historic house in Ohio, United States\nThe Carrie Lovejoy House is a historic house in Columbus, Ohio, United States. The house was built c. 1900 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. The Carrie Lovejoy House was built at a time when East Broad Street was a tree-lined avenue featuring the most ornate houses in Columbus; the house reflects the character of the area at the time.\nThe house was built c. 1900 and designed with Colonial Revival influences. It was built for Carrie Lovejoy. Carrie and her husband Nathan had lived next-door, at 805 E. Broad, until his death in 1904. At this time, Carrie moved into the 807 address, living there until 1914. Austin McElroy subsequently lived there, until 1918, followed by F.W. Freeman.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "336" ], [ "\"Hudson River Greenway\" may refer to:\n*Hudson River Valley Greenway, a system of parks, trails, kayak/canoe routes, etc. along New York's Hudson River, and the organization that serves to promote and preserve them\n*Manhattan Waterfront Greenway, a multi-use trail and linear park along Manhattan's Hudson River shoreline\nTopics referred to by the same term\n<templatestyles src=\"Dmbox/styles.css\" />\n This page lists associated with the title .", "168" ], [ "Tosheff's Restaurant and Hotel is a historic building in the Reeb-Hosack neighborhood of Columbus, Ohio. It was built in 1920 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001. The restaurant and hotel are one of few remainders of the historic Steelton industrial area, and closely connected to the eastern European neighborhood there. The industrial district was centered on Parsons Avenue, and relied upon the Buckeye Steel Castings Company, American Rolling Mill Company, the Chase Foundry and Manufacturing Company, the Federal Glass Company, and the Seagraves firetruck manufacturing plant.\nTosheff's was one of the first commercial buildings, at a time when the area was still primarily residential. George Tosheff has opened a restaurant there in leased space by 1918 and lived directly above it. By 1923, the new building housed a jeweler, barber, men's clothing store, and a billiards hall. Tosheff's restaurant was located on the first floor, and his hotel on the second (the South End Hotel, later Tosheff's Hotel). Tosheff sold the restaurant near the start of World War II, and operated the hotel until he sold the entire building in 1965.\nThe two-story brick building appears as two side-by-side, but was built and completed at the same time, and joints connect them. Behind the middle third of the building lies a one-story addition which held hotel rooms, part of which was constructed c. 1920 and part c. 1947.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "171" ], [ "Cristo Rey (Spanish, 'Christ the King') may refer to:\n<templatestyles src=\"Template:TOC_right/styles.css\" />\n* Cristo Rey Jesuit High School, Chicago, IL\n* Cristo Rey Boston High School, Boston, MA\n* Cristo Rey St. Martin College Prep, Waukegan, IL\n* Notre Dame Cristo Rey High School, Lawrence, MA\n* Cristo Rey New York High School, New York City\n* Cristo Rey Kansas City High School, Kansas City, MO\n* Cristo Rey High School, Sacramento, CA\n* Cristo Rey Jesuit High School, Baltimore, MD\n* Holy Family Cristo Rey High School, Birmingham, AL\n* Providence Cristo Rey High School, Indianapolis, IN\n* Cristo Rey Jesuit High School, Minneapolis, MN\n* Don Bosco Cristo Rey High School, Takoma Park, MD\n* Cristo Rey Brooklyn High School, Brooklyn, NY\n* Detroit Cristo Rey High School, Detroit, MI\n* Cristo Rey Jesuit College Preparatory of Houston, Houston, TX\n* DePaul Cristo Rey High School, Cincinnati, OH\n* Cristo Rey Philadelphia High School, Philadelphia, PA\n* Cristo Rey Columbus High School, Columbus, OH\n* Cristo Rey San José Jesuit High School, San Jose, CA\n* Cristo Rey Atlanta Jesuit High School. Atlanta, GA\n* Cristo Rey Jesuit High School Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI\n* Cristo Rey Dallas College Prep, Dallas, TX\n* Cristo Rey Tampa High School, Tampa, FL\n* Cristo Rey Baton Rouge Franciscan High School, Baton Rouge, LA\n* Cristo Rey OKC, Oklahoma City, OK\n* Cristo Rey Fort Worth High School, Fort Worth, TX\n* Cristo Rey De La Salle East Bay High School, Oakland, CA\n* Cristo Rey Richmond High School, Richmond, VA\n* Cristo Rey San Diego High School, San Diego, CA\nSee also.\nTopics referred to by the same term\n<templatestyles src=\"Dmbox/styles.css\" />\n This page lists associated with the title .", "168" ], [ "The Defense Electronics Supply Center, Columbus (DSCC), is one of three Inventory Control Points of the Defense Logistics Agency. The major organization on base is known as DLA Land and Maritime. Defense Finance and Accounting Service (DFAS) is also a major tenant on base. The base has been affected several times by the United States Base Realignment and Closure program. It is located in the Columbus, Ohio suburb of Whitehall. The DSCC has a historical marker. The base was opened in 1918.\nHistory.\nDSCC has served in every major military engagement since World War I. In 1917, the site was a combination of swamp land and farmland. America's production effort in World War I reached a climax in 1918, when transportation lines to ports of embarkation for men and materials were filled to capacity. This site was advantageous because it afforded immediate access to three important railroad lines. The U.S. Army Quartermaster Corps made the first purchase of land, , to construct a government military installation in April, 1918. Warehouse construction began in May of that year, and by August, six warehouses were receiving material for storage. Those warehouses are still in use today.\nThe lull between World War I and World War II reduced center operations to mostly reconditioning and sale of the stockpiles which had been needed earlier to ensure the nations defense.\nDuring World War II the center became the largest military supply installation in the world. In December 1942, an additional were purchased. With more than 10,000 civilian employees, it played a large part in the overall war effort. Some of the warehouses were turned into secured barracks to house prisoners of war.\nAmidst the wars, the conflicts and humanitarian relief efforts, the installation has continuously worked to establish direct and fast moving supply lines to support American armed forces in all parts of the world.\nThe installation's operational activities were assigned to the U.S. Army Supply and Maintenance Command in July 1962. The following year, it became the Defense Construction Supply Center under what is now known as the Defense Logistics Agency.\nDCSC/DESC merger.\nDSCC was formed from the 1993 Base Realignment and Closure Commission which ordered merger of the former:\nDecisions made during BRAC 95 further refined the transition toward total weapons systems management.\nDSCC was renamed and reorganized in January 1996.", "950" ], [ "The Belleview Post Office, at 6256 Main St. in Belleview, Kentucky, was built around 1880. It has also been known as the Grant Post Office. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.\nThe building was used as a basket shop in the late 1800s, and then as a doctor's office. It served as a post office from around 1920 until 1970. The building was moved to 6235 Sycamore St., where it currently stands.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "171" ], [ "The Old Port Columbus Terminal, also known as the Old Port Columbus Airport Control Tower, is a historic building in Columbus, Ohio. It was built in 1929 as one of the first airport facilities in the United States. It was replaced by the current facilities in 1958. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. It is located on the southeast corner of John Glenn Columbus International Airport, formerly known as Port Columbus International Airport.\nAttributes.\nThe terminal was designed in the Art Deco style popular at the time. The building has .\nHistory.\nThe terminal was constructed in 1929 and opened on July 8 of that year. At its opening, it was the easternmost airport in the Transcontinental Air Transport airline's coast-to-coast route, requiring visitors from New York to take a train to Columbus, fly to Oklahoma, take a train to New Mexico, and board a second flight to Los Angeles.\nThe building was listed on Columbus Landmarks' Most Endangered Sites in 2015. In that year, Heartland Bank shuttered its plans to lease and renovate the building and withdrew its historic tax credit application, stating that it was not economically feasible to restore the structure. In 2016, the building's roof was replaced and mold was removed.\nIn 2020, the nonprofit Ohio Air & Space Hall of Fame and Museum (OAS) announced it signed a long-term lease to the building. The organization is planning for a $2 million renovation of the building, which was to be followed by the opening of its museum and hall of fame in late 2021. The organization also plans for a historical archive, a STEAM education center, and an event and meeting space in the terminal building. By 2022, the organization had raised $1.2 million, and estimated the total project at $4 million. The organization's director plans to start the first construction phase in 2023, with a goal of raising $700,000 to accommodate the work.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "581" ], [ "The Mitchell Block Historic District is a historic district in Ventura, California. The district was designated as a historic district by the City of Ventura on May 31, 1980. It was also declared eligible as a National Historic District in 1982. It has been described as \"the only intact and relatively unaltered block of houses remaining downtown\". The district consists of Plaza Park, the Plaza Park Moreton Bay fig tree, and eight houses in the 600 block of East Thompson Boulevard. Two of the features have been designated independently as Ventura Historic Landmarks: the Plaza Park Moreton Bay fig tree and the Conklin residence at 680 East Thompson Boulevard.\nIn the 1880s, Irish immigrants John, Thomas, and Edward Mitchell purchased the lots on the south side of East Thompson Boulevard and built two houses. The Mitchells sold off the remaining lots in 1904 and 1905, at which time the remaining houses were built.\nSeveral of the properties had fallen into disrepair in the 1970s, and the district's historic designation was credited with spurring property owners to renovate and preserve the block. \nIn 2007, the City's Historic Resources Group recommended limiting the historic district to the eight houses on the south side of East Thompson Boulevard and separately designating Plaza Park as a historic landmark.\nInventory of contributing properties.\nThe properties and features included in the district are as follows:\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "336" ], [ "Bus line in Columbus, Ohio\nThe 2 E Main / N High is a Central Ohio Transit Authority (COTA) bus service in Columbus, Ohio. The line operates on High Street, the city's main north-south thoroughfare.\nThe 2 replaced High and Main Streets streetcar lines, both of which were early streetcars line in Columbus. These lines initially served Columbus with horsecars, and horse-drawn omnibuses followed a similar route. The horsecars were replaced with electric streetcars around the 1890s, and later with trolleybuses. In the mid-20th century, the trolleybus line was replaced with a bus line similar to the modern-day 2 E Main / N High.\nAttributes.\nThe 2 route was the highest-trafficked in 1987 and 1999.\nIn 2008, facing overcrowding, service was doubled on the line. and expanded again in 2019.\nThe Night Owl line (formerly 21 Night Owl) supplements 2 E Main / N High with late-night service along High Street, while the 102 (formerly 2L) provides limited-stop service from Broad and High north to Westerville.\nThe route is frequented by Ohio State University students, as the campus is on the transit line. In 2000, about a fifth of the average weekday riders on the routes were OSU students.\nHistory.\nThe first mass transit in Columbus was a horsecar line, which operated along a two-mile stretch on High Street beginning in 1863. The line ran from Union Station at Naughten Street (now Nationwide Boulevard) south to Livingston Avenue.\nAn initiative from about 2006 to 2009 proposed to bring streetcars back to Columbus. The Columbus Streetcar was proposed for three different routes; the most popular would have been a 2.1-mile route from German Village to the Short North via High Street (the same route the CBUS utilizes today). The Great Recession affected the city's budget, and paired with a failure to acquire state or federal funding, forced the plan to be cut.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "518" ], [ "Historic district in Columbus, Ohio\nIndianola Forest Historic District is a historic district in the University District of Columbus, Ohio. The district lies east of the Ohio State University. Architectural styles of the houses in the district include Craftsman, Tudor Revival, and Dutch Colonial Revival.\nThe district was developed at the turn of the 20th century, with most land laid out between 1873 and 1908, and most structures constructed by 1913. The district was a streetcar suburb of Columbus, mostly with single-family houses, most of which have since been converted to contain multiple units. The historic district was established through listing on the Columbus Register of Historic Properties in 1987.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "171" ], [ "High-rise hotel in Columbus, Ohio\nThe Hilton Columbus Downtown is a high-rise hotel in Columbus, Ohio. The Hilton hotel includes two buildings, one west of High Street, which opened in 2012, and a new tower east of High Street, which opened in September 2022. The tower addition gives the hotel a total of 1,000 guest rooms, making it the largest hotel in Ohio.\nAttributes.\nThe hotel sits at a cross-section between the city's busiest neighborhoods: Downtown, the Short North, and the Arena District. The hotel is owned by the Franklin County Convention Facilities Authority, which also owns the adjoining Greater Columbus Convention Center.\nThe hotel is the largest in Ohio, with 1,000 rooms, since completion of its tower. The tower connects to the older portion of the hotel by a sky bridge. The new building includes several restaurants, bars, and 463 guest rooms. The main restaurant, called FYR, has two stories, featuring live-fire cooking and local products. It is joined by a lobby bar, Spark, a rooftop lounge, Stories on High, and a grab & go market. It also includes a ballroom. The rooftop bar is the highest-up of any in the city.\nArchitecture.\nThe first Hilton building, completed in 2012, has a brick-and-glass facade to integrate with the surrounding neighborhood and connects to the convention center through a skywalk. It was designed by HOK and Moody Nolan.\nThe second Hilton building, completed in 2022, has a terra cotta cladding and high-performance glass to integrate with the first building and provide energy efficiency. The use of glass allows for ample natural light in public and event spaces. The building was designed by Cooper Carry and Meyers + Associates Architecture with interiors by Jeffrey Beers.\nHistory.\nIn 2008, Experience Columbus, the convention and visitors bureau, began to recognize that the city was at a competitive disadvantage due to the lack of hotel rooms which put the city at danger of losing new and old business at the Greater Columbus Convention Center. In 2010, ground was broken for the publicly financed, 532-room Hilton Columbus Downtown to help meet the growing demand for events at the convention center. It opened in 2012 with a 250-piece art collection, with a cost of about $2 million. The artwork features Ohio-based artists, including Queen Brooks, Ann Hamilton, Aminah Robinson, George Bellows, Emerson Burkhart, Milton Caniff, Alice Schille and James Thurber. The hotel underwent a $125 million renovation in 2015.\nA new 1,000-room hotel was first proposed in 2015 by Experience Columbus. In 2016, Columbus bid on hosting Democratic and Republican National Conventions, losing both. In 2017, the organization commissioned a \"Hotel and Development Study\" and found the city has fewer hotel rooms within a 10-minute walk of the convention center than other locations. The survey recommended the expansion of the Hyatt Regency or the Hilton Columbus Downtown to meet the need of a 1,000-room hotel for convention-center area lodging, estimating $22.5 million a year in direct spending. In March 2018, county officials first proposed a 22-story, 300-foot tower with 468 rooms, creating a 1,000-room hotel. The project would cost $165 million. By August of that year, new plans were released with a redesigned 26-story tower.\nThe hotel tower broke ground in August 2019. It was designed by architectural firm Cooper Carry. The tower is the tallest building built in Columbus in over 15 years. It was built at a cost of $264.5 million, an increase from the $220 million announced when construction began. Costs added with the rooftop bar and restaurant, additional meeting room and ballroom space, and with adjustments to meet market conditions.\nThe tower was previously set to open in August 2022, delayed to early September and then September 11 due to a small amount of water damage. In preparation for the opening, the hotel commissioned local fashion designers to create new uniforms for its staff. A ribbon cutting and opening gala will be held in mid-November 2022.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "202" ], [ "Native American burial mound in Columbus, Ohio.\nThe Hartley Mound is a Native American burial mound in Columbus, Ohio. The mound was created around 2,000 years ago by the Pre-Columbian Native American Adena culture. The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. The mound measures 2 ft. high and 43 ft. in diameter. The site's location near a tributary to a major waterway, artifacts found nearby, and the small subconical form of the mound, suggests that it was built by the Adena culture (c. 500 B.C. – 400 A.D.). It is one of few mounds not seriously disturbed by agriculture, industry, or illegal excavation. Upon archaeological excavation, the site should provide information on Adena burial customs and domestic or mortuary structures.\nResources about the site, including its National Register of Historic Places nomination, are restricted under the Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "323" ], [ "The Everglades & Dry Tortugas Biosphere Reserve (established 1976) is a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in Florida and the Gulf of Mexico. The reserve encompasses Everglades National Park and Dry Tortugas National Park, including historic Fort Jefferson and the seven Dry Tortugas islands.\nEcological characteristics.\nEverglades National Park is a shallow basin tilted to the southwest and underlain by extensive Pleistocene limestones.\nDry Tortugas National Park consists of a group of seven coral reefs with three major banks (Pulaski, Loggerhead and Long Key) forming a pseudo-atoll with a mud-bank type formation.\nThe biosphere reserve lies at the interface between tropical and subtropical America between fresh and brackish water, shallow bays, deeper coastal waters and coral reefs, thus creating a complex of habitats supporting a high diversity of flora and fauna.\nThe area of transition from freshwater (glades) to saltwater (mangrove) is a highly productive zone that incubates great numbers of economically valuable crustaceans. Southern Florida vegetation is unique in the United States, but similar communities occur throughout the Caribbean and parts of tropical America.\nHabitats include freshwater and wet prairies characterized by islands of tropical hardwood trees; salt marshes; mangrove forests; beach and dune complexes; brackish water estuaries; cypress swamps; marine systems; and coral reefs.\nHuman activities.\nThe reserve contains some 200 known archaeological sites, with two archaeological districts nominated in the National Register of Historic Places. Historic use has left a rich record from Native American use, settlement, farming and fishing activities.\nA Native American group, the Miccosukee Tribe of Florida, has a special use trust area inside the Everglades National Park for tribal headquarters, visitor center, housing and businesses.\nIn 1990, some 40 park personnel and 50-100 concession personnel lived in residential areas in the parks, which then had a combined 84,000 visitors according to UNESCO. Visitation at Dry Tortugas reached a peak of 83,704 in 2000, and averaged about 63,000 per year in the period from 2007 to 2016; as of 2017, an average of one million people visited Everglades National Park each year. The area, at that time, received more than 84,000 visitors for snorkeling, swimming, sport fishing and touring historic sites. The Everglades Regional Collection Center houses some 50,000 biological and cultural museum artifacts and archives, as well as a library with 10,000 volumes. In 2019, the Dry Tortugas islands (census tract 9801) had a permanent population of 0. The area receives more than 84,000 visitors for snorkeling, swimming, sport fishing and touring the historic sites. The Everglades Regional Collection Center houses some 50,000 biological and cultural museum artifacts and archives, as well as a library with 10,000 volumes.\nFort Jefferson National Monument offers excellent research possibilities on coral reef ecology, subtropical islands, bird migrations, and fisheries (IUCN, 1990).\nSources.\n This article incorporates text from a free content work (license statement/permission). Text taken from \"UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory​\", UNESCO, UNESCO.", "530" ], [ "Gin-based cocktail\nThe Pegu Club or the Pegu is a gin-based cocktail that was the signature drink of Burma's Pegu Club. Located just outside Rangoon, the club was named after the Pegu, a Burmese river, and its members were those Britons who were senior government and military officials and prominent businessmen.\nHistory.\nFirst appearance (1923).\nThe cocktail first appeared in \"Harry\" of Ciro's 1923 book \"ABC of Mixing Cocktails\". The original used preserved lime juice instead of fresh. Later cocktail books, like \"The Savoy Cocktail Book\" would begin to omit the brand name \"Rose's\" when specifying the lime juice. There's a lack of clarity when bartenders may have begun using fresh lime juice because of this ambiguity.\nThe Pegu Club is best served in a chilled glass and is considered a hot weather drink. Its taste is reminiscent of grapefruit and some bartenders will garnish it with a twist of grapefruit peel or slice of fresh grapefruit, although it is commonly served with a slice of lime to complement the lime juice in the drink.\nRevival (2000s-present).\nThe cocktail experienced a revival in the early 2000s. Bartender Audrey Saunders founded a bar by the same name on West Houston Street in New York City. New York City's Pegu Club was credited with having \"kicked the cocktail revival in New York City into high gear when it opened in 2005 and quickly became one of the most influential cocktail bars in the world.\" It closed in 2020, in part due to restrictions imposed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. TimeOut, after it closed, wrote that as \"one of the best bars in New York, Pegu Club was also one of the seminal bars of the craft cocktail movement. Countless bartenders worked here that went on to open their own spots that New Yorkers have come to love.\"\nNotes.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "728" ], [ "The Chalet of the Golden Fleece is located in New Glarus, Wisconsin.\nHistory.\nThe building was constructed for Edwin P. Barlow. Barlow had founded the annual festival commemorating Wilhelm Tell in New Glarus. The building serves as a museum of Swiss culture. It was added to the State and the National Register of Historic Places in 2015.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "171" ], [ "The Valley Dale Ballroom is a historic building in Columbus, Ohio. Constructed in 1925, it became a nationally known ballroom during the Big Band era of the 1930s and 1940s. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 and the Columbus Register of Historic Properties in 1985.\nThe first Valley Dale Ballroom was built in 1918, though it burned to the ground in 1923. The present building was built in the following two years. It was significantly remodeled in 1941. The ballroom hosted numerous bands in its history, including Rudy Valee, Les Brown, Glenn Miller, Artie Shaw, Paul Whiteman, Guy Lombardo, Duke Ellington, Benny Goodman, Sammy Kaye, Tommy Dorsey, and The Velvet Underground, as well as prominent local musicians like Earl Hood, Chuck Selby, and Ronald Koal. The Peppe family has owned and operated the ballroom since the late 1920s.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "522" ], [ "Eli Todd Tappan (1824–1888) was an American educator, mathematician, author, lawyer and newspaper editor who served as president of Kenyon College, among other public distinctions. He was the son of Senator Benjamin Tappan and the father of author Mary Tappan Wright.\nFamily, life and education.\nTappan was born April 30, 1824, in Steubenville, Ohio, the son of Benjamin Tappan and his second wife Betsy (Lord) Tappan. His education was received in local public schools, through private tutors, and at St. Mary's College in Baltimore, Maryland. Afterwards he studied law with his father and Edwin M. Stanton, who was his father's partner, and in 1846 he was admitted to the bar. He married, February 4, 1851, Lydia McDowell of Steubenville. The couple had two children, Mary and Charles. He died October 23, 1888.\nCareer.\nFrom 1846 to 1848 Tappan edited the \"Ohio Press\" in Columbus, Ohio, a weekly newspaper he founded. He went on to practice law in Steubenville, during which time he served as mayor (1852). He began his career in education in 1857 as a teacher in the public schools and quickly rose to distinction, serving as superintendent, March 1858-June 1859, professor of mathematics at Ohio University, 1859–1860 and 1865–1868, teacher of mathematics at Mount Auburn Young Ladies' Institute, 1860–1865, and president of Kenyon College, 1869-1875. As president he thoroughly revised the curriculum and oversaw completion of the college chapel, the Church of the Holy Spirit. Following his term as president he was Kenyon's professor of mathematics and political economy.\nIn addition to his administrative and professorial duties, Tappan served as a member of the Ohio State Board of School Examiners in 1864, president of the Ohio State Teachers Association in 1866, and a member of the National Education Association, in which body he also served on the council in 1880, as treasurer from 1880 to 1881, and as president in 1883. He was Ohio's Commissioner of Common Schools from 1887 until his death.\nWorks.\nTappan was the author of a number of mathematical textbooks, including \"Treatise on Plane and Solid Geometry\" (1864), \"Treatise on geometry and trigonometry\" (1868), \"Notes and Exercises on Surveying\" (1878), and \"Elements of Geometry\" (1884). Other works include \"Inaugural address of Eli T. Tappan, President of the Ohio Teachers' Association,\" at Zanesville (1866), \"School Legislation,\" a history of the subject in Ohio through 1873, published as part of \"A History of Education in the State of Ohio\" (1876), and \"On the Complexity of Causes,\" an address before the Department of Higher Instruction of the National Educational Association at Chautauqua (1880).\nPapers.\nTappan's papers can be found in various archival collections, including the Eli T. Tappan family papers, the Benjamin Tappan papers, and the records of the Steubenville Coal and Mining Company, all held at the Ohio Historical Society, and the Charles William Eliot papers in the Clifton Waller Barrett Library, at the University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Va.", "233" ], [ "Colonial Hills is a subdivision of 873 single-family homes located in the city of Worthington, Ohio, a northern suburb of the state capital, Columbus. Built by the Defense Homes Corporation to meet the needs of World War II production and the post-war boom, it continues to be a viable community today.\nHistory.\n\"Colonial Hills\" was constructed in the early 1940s, but plans to build a subdivision there date to the great real estate boom of the 1920s. It took the involvement of the federal government and the demands for war housing to move the project into reality.\nEarly settlement.\nThe modern history of the land that \"Colonial Hills\" is built on began with the Northwest Ordinance of July 13, 1787. Congress established government for the Northwest Territory, a region that included the future states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin. The ordinance also outlawed slavery in the region. On June 1, 1796, the Congress established a U.S. Military District to satisfy land claims of revolutionary war veterans. This included the northern half of the future Franklin County. In 1797, Israel Ludlow surveyed the Military Lands and divided them into townships square. \"Colonial Hills\" would be located in Sharon Township until its annexation to Worthington in the 1950s. Beginning with the settlement of Worthington in 1803, the land became a farm lot. It remained a farm until 1942 when construction of houses began.\nThe initial subdivision was titled \"Colonial Hills\" and was platted on October 11, 1927, by the Jennings-Lawrence Company, This initial plat consisted of only Riverglen Drive, Southington Avenue, Colonial Avenue, Park Boulevard, Meadoway, Loveman Avenue and Kenbrook Drive. These plans remained shelved until February 18, 1940, when a colonial style model home was opened to the public at 36 East Southington Avenue as part of the 1940 Model Home Show of Columbus. Due to the depression, however, private individuals did not possess the resources to buy new houses and the development remained stalled. The homes that the Federal Government financed in 1942 were much less elaborate than 36 East Southington Avenue.\nUnited States Federal Government intervention.\nIn the fall of 1941, the Federal Government recognized that there was a lack of suitable housing for executives engaged in war production in Columbus, and began a search for an appropriate place to construct such homes. The Defense Homes Corporation chose the vacant \"Colonial Hills\" site and chose \"Overland Realty\" to act as its agent. The 1925 plat was modified to add Selby Boulevard, Selby Park and Indianola Park. Most of the original Plat, excepting Kenbrook Drive, was shelved as a phase II development to be built later. Curiously, the name was changed to the more elaborate \"Colonial Hills and Dales\". The initial 200 homes were located on Selby Boulevard, North Selby, South Selby and Kenbrook Drive. Ten homes on the west side of Indianola Avenue were also part of the initial build, 5493, 5503, 5515, 5531, 5539, 5547, 5555, 5571, 5579 and 5587. This plat shows Kenbrook Drive bisecting Indianola Park. Apparently during the expansion after the war it was decided to terminate Kenbrook Drive at Indianola Avenue and extend Indianola Park farther north.\nAlso note the presence of alleys. These were designed to be wide to provide access to utilities and provide a place for residents to burn their trash. The alleys were taken out of service in the 1950s by Worthington City Ordinance 117–57. Presumably, with annexation to Worthington, trash pickup began and the alleys were no longer needed. The alleys were divided and attached to their adjacent properties. Some fences still follow the old alley edges.\nArchitecture & project cost.\nA young architect, Todd Tibbals, with offices at 15 N. High Street in downtown Columbus was chosen to design the homes. Nine styles of home were designed to be replicated throughout the initial order of 200 homes. The project was budgeted at $1,250,000.\nConstruction.\nThe houses were actually prefabricated off site and delivered in pieces by the New York Central railroad to the \"Potter Lumber\" company at State Route 161 and Proprietors Road. They were trucked to the site and installed.\nTo save time and money while building military bases and offices, the U.S. Government turned to the United States Gypsum corporation for a product dating from 1916 called sheetrock. Before the war, American homes were routinely plastered inside—a painstaking process that could consume weeks where no other trade could work inside the house. Despite the expense and labor intensity of plastering, and the successful use of sheetrock in most of the buildings at the Chicago's World's Fair of 1933–34, sheetrock had not caught on. But the urgencies of wartime construction changed all that (Gellner, 2003). Colonial Hills and Dales was one of the first sites in the nation to utilize sheetrock rather than plaster construction.\nConstruction was well underway by January, 1942. The work site included a lunch room for the 400 workers. By October 1942, two homes were sufficiently completed to be opened to the public for inspection although landscaping had yet to be completed.\nRacial restrictions.\nThe deed restrictions for the subdivision dated December 24, 1938 contained this clause (restrictive covenant):\nNo part of said addition or any building thereon shall be owned, leased to, or occupied by, any person other than one of the Caucasian race, but this prohibition is not intended to exclude or prevent occupancy by such other persons as domestic servants of any resident of said addition...\nThis restriction was placed in the deed before \"Colonial Hills\" became a government funded project, but no effort was ever made to remove it. Indeed, in the August 28, 1942 deed drawn up by the Defense Homes Corporation and Overland Realty the restriction remains. The restriction was nullified by the Federal Fair Housing Act of April 11, 1968.\nThe first homes are occupied.\nThe assembly line style of construction and modern techniques such as the use of sheetrock meant houses were finished quickly. By the spring of 1943, 58 of the 200 units were occupied. \"Colonial Hills\" was built in an assembly line fashion that predated Levittown by five years.\nThe homes remained rental units throughout the war. Many of the tenants held white collar jobs at the Curtis Wright Aviation Plant located at the airport.\nAfter World War II.\nAt the end of the war, all the homes on Selby and Kenbrook were sold for $6000 to $8000 to current residents and returning veterans, and later, to others. Many were bought by investors and remained rentals well into the 1950s.\nThe demand for postwar housing caused the Overland Realty Co. to dust off the 1927 plat. On August 8, 1946, this plat was slightly modified to connect Kenbrook and Loveman together in a \"U\" shape at the western end of those streets. The original plat had the two streets merging, much as North and South Selby do, and then the merged street, named Bromley Avenue, would proceed through the Kenyon Brook subdivision to Southington Avenue. This change accounts for the relatively large lot sizes around the circle at the end of Lake Ridge Road.\nAn additional 645 lots were added to \"Colonial Hills\" and construction ran through the early 1950s. Many of these new homes featured two story design, basements and aluminum framed windows. This brought the size of \"Colonial Hills\" to over 800 families with an eventual population of 3,100.\nCivic Association and annexation to Worthington.\nSome time thereafter, the name of the development was shortened, once again, to \"Colonial Hills\". In 1946 the \"Colonial Hills Civic Association\" was established. It was incorporated in 1952, the same year some residents of Colonial Hills began seeking annexation to the village of Worthington.\nSharon Township was being rapidly converted from farmland to higher value retail and housing development. Both Columbus and Worthington wanted to add this valuable new property to their cities. Deciding between remaining part of the township, annexing to Columbus or annexing to Worthington was difficult. Tax rates in Columbus were $20 per $1000 of valued property, while the township was charging $26.20 and in Worthington, $29.20. The typical taxpayer in Colonial Hills paid $200 in annual property tax.\nConcerned about the cost of providing services to Colonial Hills, many of Worthington's 2000 residents fought the annexation for two years until November 2, 1954, when Colonial Hills was annexed to Worthington. This increased the population of Worthington to more than 5000, and changed its status from Village to City. \"Colonial Hills Elementary School\" was promptly constructed and opened in 1955.\nFrom the 1950s until at least the late 1970s, Colonial Hills hosted a July Fourth celebration that was a major event for the north side of Columbus. A parade with hundreds of children in costume, floats and horse-drawn wagons made its way along Andover to Selby Park, where tents were set up. Fireworks at Indianola Park followed.\nAppearance of highways.\nPrior to the completion of Interstate 70 and Interstate 71 across Ohio, the City of Columbus began construction \"expressways\" that would link to the new Interstate System. The portion of Interstate 71 that bounds Worthington's eastern edge was called \"The North Freeway\", cost 13.8 million dollars, and was constructed south from State Route 161, arriving at 11th avenue by August, 1961. It took a year to get from 11th Avenue to 5th Avenue, mostly due to the need to construct a massive underpass under the Pennsylvania Railroad's Grogan Yard. Ironically, today only two tracks cross the viaduct, the rest of the structure supports a large, weedy field. By August 1962, the freeway had reached Fifth Avenue, and reached downtown in November 1962. It wasn't until 1966 that I-71 was complete between Cincinnati and Cleveland.\nI-270 (the Outerbelt) was proposed in the early 1960s with the north section to be routed through the deaf school just north of Graceland Shopping Center. This proposal was fought by residents of Clintonville and Beechwold through 1961. In October, 1961, after an extensive letter writing campaign by local residents, Ohio Governor Michael DiSalle announced that the freeway would be built north of Worthington. In August, 1967, the first section of Outerbelt between North High Street and I-71 opened. The outerbelt was finally completed in August, 1975 at a total cost of 150 million dollars.\nState Route 315 was the most contentious of the area's freeways, and its construction was not completed until 1981. Its construction involved relocating the Olentangy River between the Outerbelt and 161.\nToday.\nToday, few of the original homes remain unmodified, as their value has justified extensive remodeling. The combined property value of six Colonial Hills homes would exceed the $1,250,000 spent to construct the original 200, a testament to the decision-making process of the Defense Homes Corporation over sixty years ago.", "109" ], [ "Office building in Columbus, Ohio\nThe Broad-Brunson Place Condominiums is a set of condominium units in the Woodland Park neighborhood of Columbus, Ohio. The condominiums were listed on the Columbus Register of Historic Properties in 1984\nAttributes.\nThe seventeen-unit structure was designed with French and Spanish influences. Its design was attributed to Robert Gilmore Hanford, though the attribution is unconfirmed. Hanford was responsible for the design of several similar buildings in the neighboring city of Bexley, including the Ohio Governor's Mansion.\nThe complex forms a rough U-shape, with most units facing west toward Brunson Avenue; some units open to the north and south sides. The east side of the block is primarily lawn and porch space for the units. The building has 2.5 stories, with stuccoed brick exterior walls and a colorful roof of red, green, and gray slate.\nHistory.\nIt was built as an apartment complex c. 1920, but by 1976 it was used for condominiums instead. The complex was listed on the Columbus Register of Historic Properties in 1984.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "171" ], [ "The Porterville General Store is a historic structure in Porterville, Kemper County, Mississippi. The wood-frame building on a brick foundation was constructed in 1913. Dr. W. F. Rogers built it to replace a previous store that burned. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 17, 2006. The building is located on Old Mississippi Highway 45. It is now an art studio. It was near the Mobile and Ohio Railroad (M&O) line's station.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "171" ], [ "Riverview Park, is a park located on the Chippewa River in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, on the north side of the city. The park also incorporates an island in the Chippewa River.\nFacilities.\nRiverview Park offers three pavilions for picnics and parties, all of which offer grilling facilities, seating accommodations and access to electricity; of track for walking or bicycling; and a boat landing.\nThe park is open year-round, and also offers playground and public bathrooms. Cross-country skiing is allowed in winter. The picnic shelter and bathroom facilities ere built in 1971. \nIn 2020 the Eau Claire City Council announced $2M worth of improvements to the park.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "757" ], [ "Historic house in Ohio, United States\nThe C.E. Morris House is a historic house in Columbus, Ohio, United States. The house was built in 1897 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. The C.E. Morris House was built at a time when East Broad Street was a tree-lined avenue featuring the most ornate houses in Columbus; the house reflects the character of the area at the time. The building is also part of the 18th & E. Broad Historic District on the Columbus Register of Historic Properties, added to the register in 1988.\nThe house was built for Charles E. Morris, owner of Morris Ironworks, who lived there until 1924. It was later rented out for rooms, and further on, used for commercial space.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "336" ], [ "The building at 941–955 Boylston Street in the Back Bay district of Boston, Massachusetts was designed by Arthur H. Vinal in 1886, while he was City Architect, as the city's first combined fire and police station. The building, constructed in 1887, is in the Richardsonian Romanesque style, as was Vinal's most notable other work, the Chestnut Hill Water Works pumping station, built at about the same time. It has been designated a Boston Landmark by the Boston Landmarks Commission.\nThe fire station at 941 Boylston, which is still active, houses Boston Fire Department Engine Company 33 and Ladder Company 15. The police station, 955 Boylston, was home to Boston Police Department Division 16 until 1976. From 1976 to 2007, the police station was home to the Institute of Contemporary Art; in 2007 it was acquired by Boston Architectural College for $7.22 million.\nA courtyard between the two buildings originally led to shared stables for fire department and police horses. Division 16 would later add a single-story building immediately to the west (out of frame in the photo above). By 1976, the advent of motorized patrols had led to a consolidation of Boston's smaller police divisions, including division 16, into larger police districts, resulting in the closure and redevelopment of the police station.\nPlaques on the Boylston St. facade memorialize four Boston firefighters who died in the line of duty: Cornelius J. Noonan (d. 1938), Richard F. Concannon (d. 1961), Richard B. Magee (d. 1972), and Stephen F. Minehan (d. 1994).\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />\nExternal links.\n Media related to at Wikimedia Commons", "689" ], [ "Historic house in Ohio, United States\nThe Gilbert H. Hamilton House is a historic building in the Glen Echo neighborhood of Columbus, Ohio. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992 and the Columbus Register of Historic Properties in 2018. The house, completed in 1927, overlooks the Glen Echo Ravine. It was built for Gilbert H. and Caroline J. Hamilton; the family lived there until 1952.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "336" ], [ "Hussey's General Store claims to be the largest general store in the state of Maine. It was founded in 1923 and moved to its present location in 1954.\nThe slogan for \"Hussey's General Store\" is, \"if we ain't got it, you don't need it\". Hussey's has a large amount of merchandise including guns, wedding gowns, and cold beer, as is stated by a sign outside the store. The building is located at the intersection of Routes 32 and 105 in Windsor. The store also operates as an Ace Hardware franchisee.", "85" ], [ "Distillery in Monteplier, Vermont (e. 2011)\nCaledonia Spirits is a craft distillery in Montpelier, Vermont. The distillery is known for its Barr Hill-brand spirits, including gin, vodka, and an Old Tom gin called Tom Cat. The company's flagship product is its Barr Hill Gin, which is the top-selling Vermont-made spirit and the most awarded gin made in the US.\nHistory.\nThe distillery was originally located in Hardwick in Vermont's Caledonia County (in the Northeast Kingdom). It was founded by Todd Hardie, a lifelong beekeeper who wanted to popularize honey-based beverages and highlight the important and threatened role of bees in the environment. Ryan Christiansen serves as the company's president and head distiller. The two met in 2011, while Hardie was using raw honey in his small production winery at the time. In the 2010s, the company moved to Montpelier, opening a 27,000-square-foot distillery. In 2019, the company expanded its presence there, opening a cocktail bar and retail store.\nOperations.\nThe distillery distributes in 32 U.S. states, as well as Montreal, and other foreign cities with cocktail cultures. Product volume tripled from 2015 to 2019 and continues to grow rapidly, leading to about 60,000 4.5L cases shipped per year.\nEach year since 2017, Caledonia Spirits has hosted a Bee's Knees Week, an event to raise funds to plant pollinator habitats across the U.S. The event, hosted in late September each year, is an effort to combat pollinator decline. The 2021 fundraiser had a goal of planting of bee habitats.\nProducts.\nThe company's Barr Hill Gin uses raw honey sourced from Vermont. The raw honey maintains aromatics from the bees' foraging practices, with an estimated 100 to 115 different pollen and plant particles found in their raw honey.\nThe company's vodka is distilled from only raw honey sourced from a 250-mile radius around the Barr Hill distillery. The process requires of honey per 750 mL bottle. The honey is not heated prior to fermentation, preserving natural aromatics. The vodka is also distilled only one to two times, keeping flavors that could otherwise be removed through subsequent distillations.\nReception.\nCaledonia Spirits' gin is well-received. In a Forbes review of top gins in 2019, Barr Hill was listed first, recommended for its botanical notes and for use in a white Negroni.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "628" ], [ "Historic house in Ohio, United States\nThe House at 753 East Broad Street is a historic house in Columbus, Ohio, United States. The house was built c. 1870 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. It was built at a time when East Broad Street was a tree-lined avenue featuring the most ornate houses in Columbus; the house reflects the character of the area at the time.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "961" ], [ "The Central Assurance Company is a historic building in Columbus, Ohio. It was built in 1942 and listed as part of the E. Broad St. Multiple Resources Area on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. It is significant for its Art Deco architecture, one of few remaining commercial buildings in the style in Columbus.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "171" ], [ "Historic church in Ohio, United States\nMonnett Memorial M. E. Chapel (Monnett Chapel) is a historic church at 999 OH 98 in Bucyrus, Ohio.\nIt was built in 1901 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.\nHistory.\nThe congregation traces its history back to 1828, when Issac Monnett held services in his own home. The original chapel was built in 1849 by Jeremiah Monnett, a relative of Mary Monnett Bain. It had between 12 and 17 members during the 1890s. That number dropped to 6 in the year prior to the completion of the new chapel.\nConstruction on the new building was begun in 1902. Its main floor seating capacity was 300, and featured an organ-loft. It was built of blue limestone and the pulpit was oak. The new, heated chapel was dedicated August 28, 1904 and featured a \"Sunday School Room\". The cost for structure was $8,500, much of the cost was funded by a gift from the late Placidia Shaw, a granddaughter of Jeremiah Monnett. By 1908, its membership had grown to 53.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "922" ], [ "The Westerville High School - Vine Street School is a historic school in Westerville, Ohio. It was built in 1896 by the Columbus architecture firm of Yost and Packard. The high school is an example of Romanesque Revival architecture.\nThe building was opened to the public on during a grand ceremony on March 19, 1896. Today, the school is referred to as the Emerson Magnet school, which specializes in teaching children foreign languages and cultures.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "171" ], [ "Historic house in Maryland, U.S.\nThe Shipley House was located in Alpha, Howard County, Maryland, near Marriottsville. The house was among five other buildings supporting a farm in Alpha, Maryland. The property was part of a land grant named Woodford patented in 1727. John Taylor acquired the land and of the estate were sold to Phillip Hammond in 1744. In 1777, Charles Hammond bequeathed of Woodford and his slaves to his son. Nathan Shipley acquired a portion and through inheritance, Joshua H. Shipley acquired of the Woodford estate, raising 12 children on-site. The slave plantation harvested tobacco and grain crops. The frame farm house was constructed in 1830. Outbuildings included a wellhouse (1900), a frame shed (1835), and a bank barn (1884).\nJohn and Mary O'Mara farmed and maintained the property as Sunnyside Farm, raising hoses and cattle until sale in 1979. The farm was purchased by Howard County in 1979 as possible expansion space for the controversial Alpha Ridge Landfill project. The county boarded up the properties without maintenance. In August 1992, the firm of Goodwin and Associates determined that the deterioration that occurred in twelve years of ownership by Howard County negated any effort to preserve the property. The land was converted to the Alpha Ridge Community Park in 1994, demolishing the Shipley House and outbuildings to replace them with a complex of revenue generating ball fields and facilities.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "336" ], [ "The Diller Hotel is a former hotel building in downtown Seattle, Washington. In the early 1900s, it was known as one of Seattle's few luxury hotels. This historic building is located at the corner of First Avenue and University Street, across from the Seattle Art Museum, and is one of the few remaining buildings left from the 1890s, a period of reconstruction and commercial development after the area was destroyed by the fire of 1889. The hotel was owned by Leonard Diller (1839–1901) and family and was designed by architect Louis L. Mendel. The building is now home to The Diller Room, a craft cocktail bar housed in the former hotel lobby.\nHistory.\nIn January 1887 pioneer Seattle merchant Leonard Diller, who previously traded as a butcher operating the City Market, entered the hotel trade when he leased the old Brunswick Hotel in Pioneer Square from Watson C. Squire. His plans for a new hotel at Front and University Streets, then a largely residential area on the opposite end of downtown, were first announced in February 1889. Though largely resembling what would eventually be built, the earliest plans called for the building to have a complete iron front, which would have been a first for Seattle had it been realized.\nThe Great Seattle Fire began on June 6, 1889, originating from an old carpenter shop on the corner of Front and Madison Street, known as the Pontius Block. Connected to the Pontius Block was the Denny Block made up of primarily wooden buildings which caught fire soon after it had begun. Historic hotels were destroyed in the fire such as the Arlington, the Pacific House and Diller's own Brunswick Hotel (all being large wood-framed buildings). The fire ended destroying a total of 36 blocks and four of the waterfront wharves coming to a total of 116 acres of destroyed land at an estimated cost of $20,000,000. Diller's new hotel however was well north of the burnt district and construction resumed at a normal pace.\nAfter the devastation of the Seattle fire the city required buildings to be made primarily of masonry in order to achieve a \"fire-resistant\" city, causing a shortage of domestic building materials. This called for massive amounts of brick to be imported from Japan. The Diller Hotel was one of the first of the new brick buildings completed, opening exactly one year after the fire on June 6, 1890. The main goal of the area was to promote residential living and developing suburban neighborhoods by providing public transportation of railways and cable cars. By 1900, more than 29 road railways and cable cars were in full operation. Residential areas did not develop in the area but hotels were being built due to immigrants, tourists, and entrepreneurs; within four years of the fire 63 hotels had opened.\nThe Diller Hotel opened to the public exactly one year after the fire on June 6, 1890. The new hotel was though as one of the luxury hotels with amenities such as the running water, toilets, and the first elevator. The Diller Hotel struggled immensely in the first years of opening until 1897 when gold was found in Alaska and Seattle had become known as the \"Gateway to Alaska\" for miners and workers to and from Alaska. The Klondike Gold Rush not only was responsible for the major growth the Seattle as a city but also helped many businesses including the Diller Hotel. In 1905 The Diller, now owned by Diller's widow, was extended 30 feet to the alley under the supervision of architect James Donnellan. The new addition, which added 40 rooms to the hotel (for 150 rooms total), was designed to conform with the existing architecture.\nIn 1916, Washington State declared a prohibition policy which resulted in the ban of the sale of alcohol statewide; this was three years earlier than the United States passed the Eighteenth Amendment and entered the Prohibition Era which lasted from 1919 to 1933. As a result, to the new law, speakeasies, which were illegal bars, popped up very quickly all around the country. The Diller Bar became a speakeasy having the front of a Chinese laundromat as a disguise for the illegal bar inside.\nThe population of the Seattle had allowed for numerous hotels to be built along First Avenue and continuing to Second Avenue, including new skyscraper hotels. These new hotels housed the \"first class\" citizens as First Avenue fell into disarray and soon become known as \"Flesh Avenue\" around the end of the Second World War. It was a garish street full of neon signs, bars, porn shops, and pawn shops.\nNow the hotel is simply known as \"The Diller\". It has been turned into apartments used by many students and artists today though it is still legally considered a hotel. It has become known for The Diller Room, a nostalgic-style cocktail bar was created by Robert B. and Josie S. Wilson in 2009. It occupies part of the former lobby and what was once The Diller Bar and The Flamingo Room post WW2 through the 1970s. The area has improved and is fast becoming one of the best parts of the city being home to major attractions such as the Pike Place Market and the Seattle Art Museum as well as top hotels such as the new Four Seasons, Hotel 1000 and the Harbor Steps on First Avenue.\nIn 2017, the block surrounding the Diller Building was demolished for the development of 2&U, a 38-story high-rise office building.\nNotable people.\nLeonard Diller.\nLeonard Diller (1839–1901) was born in Ohio and moved to Oregon City, Oregon to start a successful mercantile business in 1864. Diller then moved north to Tacoma, Washington, in 1873 then onto Seattle in 1876. He immediately became the owner of the Sneider Market, the Desmond Hotel, and in 1885 the Brunswick Hotel. The Brunswick Hotel, located on South Main and First Street, was destroyed in the 1889 fire so Diller built this new hotel after the fire.\nLouis L. Mendel.\nLouis Mendel (1867–1940) is primarily known for his work with his partner of thirteen years Charles H. Bebb. He was first employed with an architecture firm in Cleveland, Ohio, before moving to San Diego in 1886 and then onto Seattle in 1889. He returned to California in 1893 due to the economic panic that occurred after the Seattle fire though returned in 1889 to begin his work with Charles Bebb. Some buildings designed by the partners include: University Heights School (1902), the Seattle Athletic Club (1903–04, destroyed), and the Frye Hotel 1906–11).\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "202" ], [ "Historic house in Ohio, United States\nThe Hanna House is a historic house in Columbus, Ohio, United States. The house was built in 1900 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. The building and its carriage house were built for James B. Hanna, president and co-founder of the Hanna Paint Company. The Hanna House was built at a time when East Broad Street was a tree-lined avenue featuring the most ornate houses in Columbus. The house remained in the Hanna family until 1975, and afterwards became an insurance office. The building is also part of the 21st & E. Broad Historic Group on the Columbus Register of Historic Properties, added to the register in 1988.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "336" ], [ "Historic house in Ohio, United States\nThe Krumm House is a historic building in the Brewery District neighborhood of Columbus, Ohio. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places and Columbus Register of Historic Properties in 1982. The brick house was built c. 1885. The building was home to Alexander W. Krumm, the Columbus City Solicitor from 1878 to 1883. The property is also one of few remaining late 19th century houses on South High Street.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "336" ], [ "Historic houses in Logan County, Ohio\nThe Piatt Castles are two historic houses near West Liberty in Logan County, Ohio. The houses were built by brothers Donn and Abram S. Piatt in the 1860s and 1870s, designed in a Gothic style. The houses are located and east of West Liberty. In 1982, the castles were listed on the National Register of Historic Places.\nThe houses were both operated as historic house museums, both still owned by the Piatt family, from 1912 to 2019. Mac-O-Chee, built by Donn Piatt, was sold in October of that year to local residents, to support the continued restoration of the Mac-A-Cheek estate. Mac-A-Cheek remains open to public tours.\nPiatt family.\nThe Piatt family descended from France as French Huguenots who wished to escape religious persecution in a Catholic nation. Upon moving to the United States, the family took root in the colony of New Jersey, where the grandfather of Abram and Donn, Jacob Piatt, offered support to the country in the American Revolutionary War. As reward for his deeds, the newly founded government gave Jacob land in Kentucky, where he built his home.\nWhile Jacob was a farmer and his son Benjamin was a lawyer, the family was also involved in flat boat trading up and down the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers as well as real estate. By 1828, Benjamin had moved his family to Logan County, Ohio. It was here that he built a log cabin for his family. At the time of their move to Logan County, Donn was 9 years old and Abram was 7.\nCastles.\nMac-O-Chee (the home built by Donn, and designed by John L. Smithmeyer) and Mac-A-Cheek (built by Abram) were begun in 1864. Mac-A-Cheek was completed in 1871, and Mac-O-Chee was completed in 1879. The homes were built only about 3/4 of mile apart from each other. Abram's home was built slightly smaller, but is more secluded and set away from the road. Donn's home is larger and sits closer to the road. Both homes have three stories and towers, boast painted ceilings, and have intricate woodwork. An 1880 county history speaks of Mac-O-Chee existing in a state of \"almost baronial splendor\". The two sat close to the Shawnee village of Mackachack, where Simon Kenton was forced to run the gauntlet after being captured by the Indians.\nSale of Mac-O-Chee.\nIt was announced on July 26, 2019, that the Piatt Family would auction off Mac-O-Chee. The family cited renovation and maintenance costs of maintaining both properties for their decision. On October 19, 2019, Mac-O-Chee Castle, along with its farmhouse and land, was sold at auction to brothers Ryan and Jason Cole of West Liberty, Ohio for $561,000 ($510,000 with closing costs). The Coles also bought most of the estate's antique items, large and small, for approximately $30,000. The Piatt family plans to restore their remaining castle, Mac-A-Cheek, by using funds from the auction.\nPublic tours.\nTours began in 1912 at Mac-A-Cheek four years after the death of Abram. When William McCoy Piatt (the fourth son of Abram) inherited the home, he had already amassed a large collection of artifacts and objects of interest. After commissioning a custom cabinet to display his collection, William opened his home to visitors who wished to view his curiosity cabinet. Thus the family entered into the tourist business, though it was a minor industry compared to the farm and grist mill located on the property.\nTouring continued with the family living in the home until 1985, when the family moved out of their home. Tours of Mac-A-Cheek are still offered to the public. The Piatt family still owns and manages the museum at Mac-A-Cheek, a popular site for weddings, receptions and other events.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "336" ], [ "Historic building in Columbus, Ohio, U.S.\nThe Welsbach Building is a historic building in Downtown Columbus, Ohio. It was built in 1906 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. The building served as the middle western department of the Welsbach Company, a manufacturer of gas lights, from 1907 to 1929.\nThe building was extensively renovated around 1997 to become a Red Roof Inn.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "171" ], [ "Historic site in Columbus, Ohio\nThe Trolley District is a mixed-use complex in Columbus, Ohio. The site houses the East Market, a public market and food hall, as well as two bars, restaurants, a brewery, and event space, with plans for neighboring apartments. The property is located in the city's Franklin Park neighborhood and is a contributing part of the Columbus Near East Side District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places.\nThe site's buildings were built between 1882 and 1920 to serve public transit in Columbus, including horsecars, streetcars, and buses. It became vacant in the 1980s and gradually fell into disrepair. A redevelopment project began in 2007, though it failed to make progress. Another redevelopment project began in 2014, and on-site construction began in March 2020. The first two bars on-site opened in December 2021, the marketplace opened in April 2022, the brewery opened in February 2023, and a restaurant opened in May of that year.\nAttributes.\nThe trolley barn complex is located at the northeast corner of Oak Street and Kelton (formerly Rose) Avenue. The site lies adjacent to the city-owned Franklin Park, which contains the Franklin Park Conservatory. The site contains six brick buildings, solidly constructed.\nThe largest building on the site is a former streetcar paint shop, known as the west car barn. The building contains East Market, a public food hall and marketplace similar to the city's North Market and former East, West, and Central Markets. The building was planned to have six stalls for prepared foods, a produce vendor, and a coffee stall. A 2020 report indicated it will now hold 20 stalls and a restaurant on the main floor, storage and refrigeration in the basement, and an upper floor for marketplace seating and event space. A small speakeasy-themed bar will occupy some ground-floor space, to be open to the public except during private events. A raised patio will be constructed around the building's east end, wrapping around to the north.\nThe property also contains a taproom for the Columbus Brewing Company, in the former carriage and later trolley repair shop building. The site includes a large bar, fireplace, several brewing tanks, and an outdoor beer garden.\nOther buildings will hold foodservice operations and other businesses; one will become a second location for The Butcher & Grocer, a local butcher shop.\nThe site was planned to contain 168 parking spaces, including on a plot of land north of the East Market building, which formerly held another car barn. A space near the taproom was planned to be flexible to contain delivery space, overflow parking, and event space.\nA 102-unit apartment complex is set to be constructed on an empty lot across Oak Street, to the south of the trolley barn complex. The buildings, at three to five stories, will contain about 15 affordable units. The complex was a requirement for the brewery to lease its space.\nHistory.\nThe buildings were constructed between 1882 and 1920 to serve the city's electric trolley network. The earliest building served horsecars, while every building served streetcars until their discontinuation, and subsequently buses until the 1980s. Several of the buildings were subsequently demolished or fell into disrepair.\nWhen built, the site was a considerable distance from Columbus's center by carriage. The site, originally for the Columbus Railway & Light Co., became owned by the Columbus Transit Co. The property was used as a repair shop, to lift cars, paint them, and manufacture and repair metal and wooden parts.\nThe site was sold to Minnie McGee for $231,000 in a sheriff's sale in 2003. Plans to redevelop the site date to at least 2007. At that time, the Columbus Compact Corporation planned to develop it into the Trolley Market, an organic food and arts and crafts market with outdoor activity spaces, performance spaces, community greenhouses, and other features. In 2010, Columbus Compact sought community members' help in redeveloping the site, gathering a group called the Friends of Franklin Park Trolley Barn. The corporation offered the property owner $189,000 for the property in 2013.\nBy March 2013, the property was ordered to be cleaned up, as the owner had let it decline. Amid numerous code violations, bricks and roof tiles were beginning to fall into neighboring properties, and prostitution and drug dealing was reportedly taking place there. The 2013 court order came with a fine of $250 per day until the property was repaired. By September the court ordered McGee to sell the property or face $30,000 in fines accumulated from the earlier court order.\nIn 2014, Brad DeHays of Connect Realty purchased the site and its buildings from Minnie McGee, at its appraised value. In 2017, DeHays announced his plan for the site: an East Market (similar to the city's North Market and former East, West, and Central Markets), along with a Columbus Brewing Company taproom and a foodservice space. A 102-unit apartment complex was planned to be built across Oak Street. The developer applied for historic tax credits to help fund the entire project, and planned to keep as many of the existing structures as possible, later saying he plans to keep every building on the site. DeHays stressed the importance of working with the community and supporting it with fresh produce and healthy food options, as the area is currently underserved by grocery stores. After being passed over for historic tax credits in 2017, the project received its $2 million in credits in 2018. The trolley barn complex project was estimated to cost $14 million, while the apartment complex development was set to cost $15 million. Construction began in March 2020; the first phase – the East Market building – is set to be completed in August 2021, while the easternmost buildings will be complete by November 2021. Renovations have included new floors and structural supports, repaired ceilings, and large patches in walls. Earlier opening estimates called for June or July 2021, delayed by construction difficulties, including a fire damaging the roof and heavy rains that collapsed a wall.\nIn 2019, the city approved a substantial tax agreement with the property owners, after talks with DeHayes and former mayor Michael Coleman. The city classified the site as a \"downtown redevelopment district\" (DRD), which would not lower the property's taxes. Instead it would divert 70% of the site's property taxes for 30 years to subsidize the fresh food market in the development. The agreement would also include a free market stall for Columbus City Schools' culinary students to use, high-speed internet for East High School, and mobile laptop stations at the market. The agreement was criticized by the school district teachers union president, who described the agreement as an unnecessary giveaway as the project is certain to be profitable. He also stated that the educational benefits are not as meaningful as staff and facility upgrades. Scott Woods, writing for \"Columbus Alive\", noted similar concerns, and that the city should be taxing the property at a higher rate. DeHays stated that the produce market couldn't survive without a subsidy, and that the project would otherwise not be financially viable. North Market's director agreed, though he noted that the Trolley District project is for-profit, unlike North Market, and thus could support less-profitable aspects of its operations.\nThe first two commercial operations opened in the development in December 2021: The Railhouse, a tavern, and Switch, a speakeasy-style bar. The East Market opened in April 2022. The Columbus Brewing Company opened on the site in February 2023, followed by the Local Cantina restaurant and bar, part of a larger chain, in May 2023.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "171" ], [ "Historic house in Columbus, Ohio\nThe Joseph Warren Yost House is a historic house in Columbus, Ohio. It was added to the Columbus Near East Side District (part of the National Register of Historic Places) in 1978, and the Bryden Road District (part of the Columbus Register of Historic Properties) in 1990.\nThe house was built c. 1895 for Joseph Warren Yost, a prominent Columbus architect, who also designed the house. The building has rich decorations and detail, including a combination of stone, brick, and terracotta, as well as French-inspired bellcast roofs.\nThe home's design has numerous similarities to the Charles Frederick Myers house, situated on Bryden a few blocks to the east, and presumably also designed by Yost.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "336" ], [ "Building in Columbus, Ohio\nE.O. Snyder Grocer is a historic building in the Near East Side of Columbus, Ohio. The building was added to the Columbus Register of Historic Properties in 2018.\nAttributes.\nThe three-story building is located at the southeast corner of East Main St. and Wilson Avenue. The Merchant is the first coworking space in Olde Towne East. It has for shared workspaces.\nHistory.\nThe building was a merchant stand for the decades: E.O. Snyder first owned it, from 1907 to 1917. In a recent ownership, the building housed a convenience store, with residential units in the floors above. In 2018, it began conversion into a coworking space called The Merchant. The building owners received $191,000 in state historic tax credits for the renovation, set to cost $1.5 million. The work would create an open space on the ground floor for workers and separated offices on the upper two floors. The couple renovating it tore down a building behind the grocery, leaving a large enclosed patio. They preserved and restored original brick, woodwork, and flooring, and replaced windows.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "171" ], [ "Loston Harris is an American jazz pianist and vocalist. Harris plays primarily from the Great American Songbook in a traditional style. He is a regular performer at various venues in New York City including Jazz at Lincoln Center, has recorded five albums, and appeared in a feature film.\nBiography.\nLoston Harris began his studies at Virginia Commonwealth University as a percussion major. After hearing Harris playing the piano, visiting professor Ellis Marsalis urged the percussionist to switch instruments. Harris later transferred to Howard University where he studied piano with Geri Allen and Billy Taylor.\nIn 1995 Harris toured with Wynton Marsalis, and in 1996 with Marcus Roberts. He has released five albums, the most recent in 2013. Additionally, he appeared as himself in the 2005 film \"Little Manhattan\". Harris currently leads the house band at the Carlyle Hotel’s Bemelmans Bar.", "619" ], [ "Shoe manufacturer in Columbus, Ohio\nThe H.C. Godman Company was a shoe manufacturer based in Columbus, Ohio. The manufacturer was the first of significance in the city, founded by Henry Clay Godman as Hodder and Godman Leather in 1876. It operated until 1962, only one of two local shoe manufacturers in Columbus to survive into the 1960s.\nThe company had its main factory at 347 W. Broad Street in the city's Franklinton neighborhood. At its height, it produced shoes in six locations around Columbus. The H.C. Godman Co. Building, located in Downtown Columbus, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2018.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "645" ], [ "The New England Lodge, at 634 N. High St. in Worthington, Ohio, was built in 1820. It was asserted to be, in 1999, the Masonic lodge longest in use for Masonic purposes west of the Allegheny Mountains.\nIt was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.\nIn 2016, there were plans to convert much of the lodge building into condominiums, although reserving part to serve as a Masonic museum and offices.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "171" ], [ "Historic commercial building in New York, United States\nManion's General Store is a historic general store and post office located at Ferndale in Sullivan County, New York. It was built before 1908 and is a large, frame building. It is two and one half stories tall, five bays wide and three bays deep, with a gable roof and deep overhanging eaves. It is built into a hillside and has a stone foundation. The store operated into the 1970s and the post office to the 1980s.\nIt was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "171" ], [ "Historic house in Ohio, United States\nThe Benjamin Smith House is a historic building in Downtown Columbus, Ohio. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. The house was built c. 1860 for Benjamin E. Smith, a wealthy financier. Smith lived in the house until 1883, when he moved to New York City. Rented by Ohio as a governor's mansion, it housed Ohio governors George Hoadly and Joseph Foraker. In 1886, the Columbus Club, a private club in the city, purchased the house and grounds, and are still housed there today.\nThe house was designed by Nathan B. Kelley, also one of the principal architects of the Ohio Statehouse.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "336" ], [ "Historic building in Columbus, Ohio\nThe Avery Pontiac Building is a historic building in Columbus, Ohio. It is located in Columbus's Near East Side, roughly between the Franklin Park and Olde Towne East neighborhoods. The building was added to the Columbus Near East Side District (on the National Register of Historic Places) in 1978. It was individually listed on the Columbus Register of Historic Properties in 1984.\nThe building was constructed as the Avery Pontiac dealership in 1909. It became used for a warehouse and later as an artist and photographer living space. In March 2017, the city forced over a dozen tenants out, after finding numerous serious code violations and deeming it unsafe for habitation. In November 2017, a developer announced it wants to convert the buildings into apartment units and a first-floor restaurant. The project, estimated to cost $1.5 million, would create 15 living units. A renovation process was reported to be approved by city commissions, though not yet approved by city council, as of January 2018.\nReferences.\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "171" ] ]

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[["Airline manufacturer\nSuperJet International (SJI) is a joint venture between Alenia Aermacchi (5(...TRUNCATED)

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