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Amphibians explore and migrate during cool moist weather. They can cover a lot of distance that way, especially if they can find damp places to take shelter in between stages of their journey. Most animals (including us) are also perfectly capable of smelling water from a good distance. Wind blowing across a body of water will have more moisture in its air than the surrounding air. An exploring frog that smells water on the wind will likely come to check it out.
It's valuable for the same reason anything is valuable. And any random cyrptocurrency isn't valuable because of that same reason. Things have value because people are willing to exchange it for other things of value. If no one anywhere is willing to exchange stuff for your new cryptocurrency then it has no value. If people are willing to give you dollars for your cryptocurrency or stuff for it, then it has value. Bitcoin can be exchanged for dollars easily enough, your brand new cryptocurrency can't be exchanged for dollars, so it doesn't have value.
I think it has to do with the constant subtle rocking motion created by the movement of the vehicle. It beckons you back to a simpler time of night lights and binkies where sleep is about all you really do other than eat and shit
The Combine is a multi-universe empire with vast quantities of disposable assets. At the same time, they KNEW that someone inside the Citadel was responsible for sabotage and its destruction. Their troops were expendable, containing the threat and the individual who destroyed the Citadel was of far greater priority than a few hundred troops, or a thousand civilians.
Matter/antimatter collisions can produce all sorts of particles, but the likelihood depends on which quantum numbers need to be conserved and what sort of momentums the particles bring to the table during annihilation. The simplest annihilation event, say for an electron/positron pair would be two gamma photons.
We simply don't know enough about Snoke to actually give an answer other than he was around during the Civil War. It could be that he wasn't a powerful force user at the time, potential perhaps but not necessarily strong.
The balloon explanation is an analogy. It asks to you imagine the universe as the *surface* (and this is key) of a balloon. As the balloon expands, all points on its surface move away from one another. Furthermore, the surface of the balloon has no centre. The fact that the 3D balloon has a centre is not relevant to this analogy, because we are only interested in its surface. Additionally, the surface has this property: pick any point P and the further a point is away from P, the faster it moves away from P as the balloon expands. This means that there is no centre that all points are moving away from. Now, the universe is not a 2D surface, but the same idea applies: as it expands, all points move away from all other points. In addition, whichever point P you pick as a centre, points further away from P move away from P faster than points closer to P. Hence, like the balloon, the universe has no centre. EDIT: added explanation of why there is no centre
That's a survey every 1.8 years. That's pretty reasonable for all it entails. That 2 year period between the expeditions gives them time to train new recruits, smooth out plans for once they're outside the wall, and time to get all the supplies they need. This seems like a fairly decent turn around for the tech level that they're at.
Cats and dogs can hear a wider range of sound frequencies. That does not necessarily mean that they will experience noice to be any louder then what we experience it to be. Also, dogs tend to not give a f*ck.
Not for reading it quickly. It's designed so that each letter is distinctive by touch - Braille readers don't have to feel each letter individually, they can just run their fingers over a row and read it all at once. Another thing is, for someone who's born blind, they might never have learned what "normal" letters looked like - and would not need to. Also, Braille is easy and cheap to produce. You just have a grid of 3x3 or whatever punches, and for each letter, you only activate part of the needles - actually a lot easier to "type" than a regular typewriter where you need dozens of buttons and individual arms.
The word "dialectic" comes from the Ancient Greek dialektikos. Originally, a dialectic was a conversation between two people. In Plato's dialogues, one person (usually Socrates) would question another person. The answerer would try to provide a definition of some concept (eg, justice, piety, knowledge, moderation, etc). The questioner would try to show that some of the answers contradicted each other. In this way, dialectic became a method of inquiry directed by a question-and-answer process. In his logical works, Aristotle refers to the dialectic as a standardized method that students at the Academy would use to practice their skills in logic. Plato's and Aristotle's dialectic inspired Hegel's dialectics. However, Hegel thought that that dialectic couldn't provide substantive knowledge. In Plato's dialogues, Socrates may show that some of his interlocutor's propositions are false, but his question-and-answer process doesn't prove that something is true. Hegel wants his dialectic to lead to positive, substantive determinations. To put it very simply, Hegel maintained that things pass through three moments: (1) A moment of understanding. In this moment, the determination seems stable. (2) The "dialectical" moment. A one-sidedness or restrictedness in the determination comes to the fore, and the determination passes into its opposite. The determination is both cancelled and preserved; the determination "sublates" itself. (3) The "speculative" moment. This is the positive result from the unity of the opposite determinations. Most people probably know about dialectics through Marx. Marx was a Young Hegelian who applied a version of Hegel's dialectic to his investigations. However, there is controversy over how Hegelian Marx was during different points in his career. Georgi Plekhanov coined the term "dialectical materialism" to refer to the philosophy that Engels drew the outlines of in the Anti-Duehring.
Single cell organisms are a thing. A better question might be: When are these cells considered protected life? When does consciousness actually occur is another great question. What is consciousness, exactly? Is it a will? Or a lens? Or a complex illusion that looks like one of the aforementioned? Does a sphex have consciousness? A dog? An amoeba? Is unconsciousness "dead brain", or "sleep state brain"? Hard to tell if you don't have a definitive answer for what is consciousness. Everything is a moral issue if you frame it as such. How you frame it is pro and con, by definition of morality. Is abortion right or wrong? Probably depends highly on the circumstances. Beliefs about which life is worth protecting and the definition of, or weight given to consciousness, are also major considerations when examining the morality of abortion.
You can't really go wrong starting with Max Weber's On Charisma and Institution Building for a sociological perspective on the phenomenon, especially his observation that the 'charisma' of an individual derives from the symbolic needs of a society (or social (sub)grouping thereof), especially when it is threatened. For example, Hitler and Manson were charismatic, sure, but only for certain 'kinds of people', under particular sociohistorical circumstances. According to Weber, a group's need for a charismatic figure precedes his or her appearance and rise to power as such. To put it bluntly, in this sense charisma is highly contextual. Charles Manson may have been charismatic to runaway teens in Southern California of the 1960's, but he was definitely not charismatic to lawyers, judges, and juries in subsequent courtroom proceedings.
President of the United States found out that people working for his re-election, including highly placed members of the White House Staff, were involved in a break-in of the opposition political HQ. After learning about this break-in, the President authorized an attempt to cover it up. Wider issues: President abused the power of his office by directing the CIA to interfere with the FBI, secretly taped conversations in the Oval Office then asserted that he could not be compelled to turn those recordings over to a judicial proceeding, and was responsible for a political operation that broke many laws while engaged in winning an election.
Similar, but not the same. Precisely how similar depends on a whole bunch of details. If an ant colony has only one queen, the workers are all sisters. During her youth, before the queen founded the nest, she mated with one or more males. (The ant mating season is when you see winged ants flying around; those are males and fertile females looking for mates. The males die after mating, while mated females shed their wings and become queens.) The queen stores the sperm from these matings, and will use it to fertilize all the eggs she will ever lay. How closely related the workers of a single queen are to one another depends on how many mates the queen had during her mating period. If she only mated with a single male, the workers are all full sisters; if she mated with several, they'll range from full to half sisters depending on whose sperm was used to fertilize a given egg. Many ant species may also form nests with multiple queens, either because the nest was founded by multiple mated females or because additional mated females joined as queens during later mating seasons. If a nest has multiple queens, the queens are often relatives, so in that case one queen's workers are something like cousins to another queen's workers. However, ant relatedness is also complicated by the weirdness of ant genetics. Male ants are born from unfertilized eggs, so they have no fathers, and therefore only one set of genes instead of two. This also means that if two workers share a father, they inherited the exact same DNA from him (unlike the usual situation, where two full-siblings inherit a random 50% from each parent). This increases the amount of genetic variation shared between two sibling workers: two full-sibling worker ants share 75% of their genetic variation, whereas two human full-siblings (for example) share 50%.
NASA (and all communications with fast moving satellites) use Dynamic Doppler Compensation, where the frequency of the broadcasts are adjusted progressively through the broadcast to ensure that the receiver maintains a solid signal on the correct frequency.
A CME occurs when an explosion on the Sun sends a ball of plasma (and magnetic field) off the surface of the Sun in some direction. If the CME is aimed at Earth it could cause problems when it collides with the Earth's magnetic field, sending showers of high-energy particles through the Earth's atmosphere. The effect depends very strongly on the strength of the CME. An ordinary CME that hits Earth might cause problems for satellites, but would have no really bad effects. But really powerful CMEs like the Carrington Event in 1859 are different. They would be capable of frying all of our satellites (disrupting the Internet), and the giant transformers that are used in our power plants would be ruined. Because these transformers can't be bought off the shelf they would have to be built, and the power outages would last for months. The silver lining would be "Northern lights" visible from the equator. These problems can be avoided by shutting down vulnerable electronics or hardening them against CMEs, but doing either would be enormously costly. Shutting down electronics would require reliable forecasts of dangerous CMEs like those we have today for hurricanes to justify the cost. Right now scientists are working on these forecasts.
Actually, the terminology is somewhat confusing, but they are not talking about the shape of space but its global curvature. The universe could have a global curvature that is like that of a flat sheet of paper, i.e. zero, but it doesn't have to be a flat sheet of paper. Also, the universe could actually have a shape on top of having a curvature. Take a toy universe you are probably familiar with if you have played computer games. If you wander around on the map of an old final fantasy game or an asteroids game, if you keep going in one direction, you'll just pop up on the opposite side of the map at some point. All those maps are flat, but have a toroidal "shape".
Depending on how you classify magic, then yes. Most of the aspects that we would normally associate with magic are there. Individuals pulling power seemingly out of thin air, techniques which require access to hidden knowledge and arcane writings (i.e. Sith holocrons,) and obfuscation to the point of where force users are the basis of galactic superstition, are all common to the force . There are few limitations to what the force can do. You can talk to the dead, shoot lightning from your hands, make someone see an illusion, absorb a blaster bolt (or a lightsaber strike) with your body. With the proper amount of preparation, the force can even create and extend life through parallels to necromancy (Palaptine is essentially a Lich.) Of course, if you were to sufficiently restrict your definition of magic, then it's easy to disqualify the Force.
Our body feels cold as the rate at which you lose heat. That's why materials with high thermal conductivity (like metal) will feel colder than stuff like wood, even if they're at the same temperature.
Plot the volume of a gas (constant mass) against it's temperature. As you decrease the temperature the volume will start approaching zero. The temperature where you would expect an ideal gas to have zero volume is very close to -273C. And of course, the more complicated the gas, the more it will deviate from this trend, hence why helium, the most ideal of all real gasses, is the gas we can get closest to absolute zero.
> why does there have to be a beginning to everything The Big Bang is the problem. We've got this thing that happened billions of years ago with no explanation to what caused it. All we know is that the universe was some point mass and suddenly decided it wanted to be bigger. So this begs the question, what was before this? Was the universe always just a point mass until something happened? If so, what was that something? What's going to happen in trillions of years if we keep expanding at this rate? Is the universe in a cyclical expansion, contraction, bang, expansion series? If so, what's causing that cycle? And so on. I think infinite existence is still considered in some circles, but the problem is that with the data we have it seems to suggest that there had to be some beginning and will eventually be some end.
Lots and lots of reasons. But ELI5. Muscles get stiff because they get used to being short and all the fibres get tighter and closer together. It can also be because of literal knots in the muscle. Imagine you cut a piece of string in half, to make it whole you have to tie a knot in it. The string is shorter but it’s whole. These are knots and there can be thousands. Thanks to healing and massage those cuts can be healed to normal. Pain when stretching is normally due to excessive tearing. It’s your body screaming at you to stop. It feels good because of other reasons that I’m not clear on.
People who were for whatever reason walking through the forest- travelers, woodcutters, hunters, etc- who stumbled onto it. Indeed, that's why it was rumors. The people who knew enough to give detailed information weren't talking, so everything was coming from "Hey, steve said he saw a dead lady in a glass coffin in the middle of the woods while hunting. Fucked up if true, right?"
Well its not magic, all it does is create an air space between the magnetic strip and the reader. There's an air gap (actually just inert plastic) coated over the magnetic strip in credit cards. With extended use that plastic coating wears away and the strip gets closer to the card reader. Im not 100% on the reason that air gap is important but it has something to do with the reader picking up the right data from the strip.
An example of a real O(1) operation with no assumptions. Given an an integer N, is N even? You only need to check 1 bit. This however does assume that our model of computation is a random access model. Lots of O(1) operations rely on assuming constant time math operations on arbitrary numbers which is clearly false, but is true if we bound our numbers. So for instance Hash lookups are amortized constant time if we assuming hashing keys is constant time.
There's not much to account for, really. This seems to follow from Nietzsche's general skepticism about moral responsibility and free will. Nietzsche argues that it is impossible to be responsible for yourself in any ultimate way, so it seems natural that he would object to the ways in which the justice system pretends like it can hold people responsible for themselves while not holding everyone else to blame.
Ice cubes melt because they absorb enough energy to break the inter molecular forces that make them solid. Cold environments make water freeze because heat flows from higher energy areas (warmer, the water) to lower energy areas (colder, the environment) in an attempt to become equal (2nd law of thermodynamics). Rubbing the ice cubes together, putting your hands on them, or increasing the pressure on them will all cause them to absorb energy, or melt. It's really a battle of how fast you can melt the cubes to how fast the environment absorbs their energy.
It's good to have a fairly specific idea of what you'd like to do, and even to be able to propose studies you might consider working on, but it's not necessary and in fact it can hurt you in the long run to be too inflexible about that. The reason is that your research will not be solely dictated by your own interests, but by the interests of your advisor, other collaborators, current research questions in the field you work in (which you won't have a good handle on until you read a couple hundred papers, probably), and what you can get funding for. As others have said, focus on finding a professor who works on things that you find interesting, and apply there. Your interests are going to change anyways, you almost certainly will not end up doing your PhD on what you thought you would when applying (although it will probably be related to that to a decent extent).
There are Scottish students but the series never made a point of pointing them out unless they had a major focus. For example, Oliver Wood is Scottish and is either a Half- or Pureblood, Cho Chang is Scottish as well... The McGonagall family are also strongly Scottish, they hail from Caithness. The Quintin family are Scottish and they produce the Wizarding Scotch known as Quintin Black... The Ravenclaws were also Scottish as evident that the Sorting Hat described her beauty as "fair Ravenclaw, from glen," glen being a word for a valley in Scotland. There' also Modesty Rabnott and her sister Prudence as an implied example; Modesty was famously appalled by the treatment of the magical bird known as the golden snidget which was released during a Quidditch match so she snatched it out of the air and fled to release it elsewhere; she lost her house after being fined so went to staywith her sister in Aberdeen. Tyere is a national Scottish Quidditch team, but they aren't known to be very good compared to other national teams. There' also the team known as the Banchory Bangers who were both known for their poor skill and excessive post-match parties, but who were also permanently banned from play and dissolved in 1814 after they allowed the bludgers they wrre using to fly off into the night and into Muggle residential areas and for trying to capture a Hebridian Black dragon to use as their mascot, enraging it enough that it flew into a Muggle town. Edit: Damn autocorrect.
The fundamental reason the normal distribution is so important lies in the central limit theorem. Suppose we have many random variables X_1_, X_2_, ..., X_n_ that are independent and all drawn from the same distribution. For instance, we could be measuring the heights of a certain population and X_j_ is the height of the jth sample who has been randomly drawn from the population. If we want to estimate the average height of our population, we can use the sample average as an estimate: > S_n_ = (X_1_ + X_2_ + ... + X_n_)/n As n --> infinity, S_n_ --> µ, the true mean of the population (this is the law of large numbers). The central limit theorem says that the sequence of random variables > T_n_ = √(n)(S_n_ - µ) "converges in distribution" to a normal variable with mean 0 and variance σ^(2), the true variance of the population. This means roughly that for large enough n, T_n_ is approximately normally distributed. This is remarkable because it does not matter what the distribution of the heights were. The variables X_j_ can have any distribution whatsoever (as long as it has finite variance). A rough way of understanding the central limit theorem is that, for sufficiently large n, the sample averages S_n_ satisfy > S_n_ ~ µ + σZ/√[n] where Z is a standard normal variable (mean 0, variance 1). That is, the sample averages are equal to the true population average plus some normally distributed error whose variance gets smaller as the number of samples increases. So we can write roughly > S_n_ ~ µ + N(0, σ^(2)/n) The sample averages are about equal to the mean plus some normally distributed error with mean 0 and variance σ^(2)/n. It does not matter what distribution the samples follow, as long as the variance is finite. --- Other important properties of the Gaussian function or normal distribution: * The normal distribution has several other properties that make it "nice". * For instance, if two random variables X and Y are independent, then they are also uncorrelated. The converse, however, does not hold. Uncorrelated random variables need not be independent. However, if you know that X and Y are jointly normally distributed, then you can conclude they are independent given they are uncorrelated. * The normal distribution is stable. Linear combinations of normal variables are also normal. (This is part of the reason why they appear in the central limit theorem to begin with.) * The Gaussian function is also an eigenvector of the Fourier transform (in general, the Hermite polynomials multiplied by a Gaussian are eigenvectors). This makes many calculations involving Gaussian functions and Fourier transforms very easy. * You can also show that this eigenvector property means that the Fourier uncertainty principle (called the Heisenberg uncertainty principle in quantum mechanics) is satisfied precisely for Gaussians. * The velocities of an ideal gas are distributed according to the Maxwell distribution, which is a multivariable Gaussian function.
They're not really mandatory or even almost mandatory. Braces are primarily a cosmetic preference that the U.S. engages in far more than just about any other country. Most people could easily live just fine with crooked teeth. Barring severe cases of malocclusion or impacted teeth, crookedness only really makes flossing more difficult but has no significant impacts on health.
>Russia, for its part, acted as a legitimate peacekeeper in ensuring Crimea was not forcibly reunited with Ukraine by the military, and then accepted Crimea's request for annexation. Russia cannot act act true peacekeapers. True peacekeepers are neutral third parties whose presence is to insure that elections are held fairly and that violence is minimal. Russia has a conflict of interest as Crimea would likely join the Russian Federation if it were to leave Ukraine. Presence of Russian military would only serve to passively intimidate Crimean voters who would choose not to join Russia as well as bolster local anti-Ukraine insurgencies who may actively intimidate pro-Ukraine voters. There's also the historical imperialist problem when countries meddle in the self-determination of foreign 'daughter territories' so to speak, such as Nazi Germany's annexation of the Sudetenland.
They're not just external cameras, they can zoom well beyond anything visual from a camera. The nebula contains high levels of static discharge and is comprised largely of ionized gases. It's basically interfering with the what can be detected - the sensors are receiving an overflow of electronic data, and can't process it to filter out the crap. Similar to ECM jamming radar on modern Earth aircraft.
In the Rise of Kyoshi it explains the Fire Nation method, sort of. All children are tested for bending ability near birth. To avoid firebender children from surprising their parents and burning houses down. Some how they are able to detect the Avatar amongst them. The Fire Sages then notify the Avatar on their 16th Birthday, like we saw with Roku, having known all the while.
You wouldn't be able to tell because they travel at the same speed. If something happened in another galaxy to cause a change in its gravitational effect on us, the light and gravity from the event would get here at the same time, so you wouldn't know about it either way until both sets of information got here.
So first thing to mention is that sand isn't a liquid, it's a particulate solid. If it were water in that container, and you tried to plug it with sand, then it would absolutely be forced out. That's because water is far more fluid than sand. Sand will naturally compress down to form what almost resembles a solid, even when completely dry. Sand particles aren't perfectly smooth, and have friction, which means the particles don't easily move past each other when compressed. The particles need space around them to move. If you take some sand and "pour" it from one container to another, there's a lot of air in there that allows the particles to move around each other and "flow" as though it's a liquid. In your example, the tons of sand in the container are compressed under their own weight. The hole at the bottom is not under great pressure, because the sand has, for all intents and purposes, "solidified" and won't flow easily, so there's very little pressure at the hole.
There's a homeowner tax, and its derived from the area and location your property is located in. But there's a huge flaw if the tax is derived from the land value. If you buy a property, invest in it, and the property value rises significantly. You may end up having to sell it because you cant afford to pay that much. This means, you could drive out people by driving prices up, and make them face the government when they cant pay their taxes.
You set the sights up so they “zero” at a certain distance. The barrel will be angled very slightly up compared to the sights. Imagine you draw a line straight down the sights and another straight down the barrel - they’ll intersect at some distance away. You set up the sights so the bullet lands on the bullseye at a known distance (eg 100 yards). (The actual process also compensates for “bullet drop” as the bullet is continually being pulled down by gravity just as one you drop out of your hand would be. Then if you want to shoot further - say 200 yards you adjust the sights by a configured amount (“clicks”) on the adjustment wheel to compensate for the bullet falling over the second 100 yards of the shot. The “misalignment” is actually essential to being able to shoot any significant distance. If the sights somehow were completely aligned with the barrel then you couldn’t make the required adjustments to compensate for the bullet falling during its flight.
Well there’s a hard limit on the periodic table - there’s only so many different metallic elements. More practically, you’ll want some chemical/structural synergy between the elements you’re alloying to produce a final product that has superior properties than the components. This means you’re looking specifically for another metal that is soluble in the major component and will modify or gap fill the crystal structure just right. Not all metals are soluble or stable in eachother, and some will separate out like oil and water or corrode if you try to blend them. But if you just wanted a messy and useless slag of all the stable metallic elements cooled into a crispy oxidized lump of jumbled phases and crystals, sure you could do that.
The blaster shot from Vader's TIE fighter fried most of his relevant memories and third party software. The post battle of Yavin R2 was basically the old droid's personality grafted onto a new brain.
Yes! Each cell has a set of specific genes which are transcribed and/or translated rhythmically. For most people, each cycle takes about ~24.3 hours. This coincides with day length and is known as your body's circadian period. As it's slightly longer than 24 hours your body needs to keep re-adjusting to changing day length (if you kept cycling at 24.3 hours you would eventually be waking up naturally later and later until you are out of sync with everything around you). To keep in sync with the external environment your body clocks entrain to the solar clock as you said. To prevent too much information, you have a master circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (the SCN) which is a structure in your hypothalamus coordinating all of your peripheral body clocks in each cell. The action of the SCN is directly controlled by light. Thus, for a quick answer, your body cells are an orchestra and the SCN is a conductor keeping them in check. Each cell knows what time they think it is and runs accordingly, but the solar clock is used to keep re-adjusting the actions of each cell to match the changing external environment.
As well as the speed of the blades, the machine can also pulse - a quick burst of high speed, followed by a pause to allow the mix to rest and to settle. This requires a small computer to run it, but micros are cheap these days - much cheaper than the triac required to change the motor speed. More expensive blenders have higher speed motors. A cheap blender might have a motor similar to that used in an old-style multi-speed fan - which has 3 or 5 different speeds depending on how the coils are connected via a multi-way switch. Or it might have a motor like a modern fan, which is speed controlled using a circuit like a light dimmer. A better blender will be controlled with a synchronous motor, driven by an inverter circuit as used by modern air conditioners. This allows the motor to be driven at any speed, even backwards, or to stop dead. This allows the makers to design all sorts of drive patterns to do anything. It's all bells and whistles, made possible by a slightly more complex circuit, with a few more expensive components, and a more expensive motor.
Assuming this isn't just a bad attempt at an April Fools' joke: You're conflating diegetic (i.e., "in-story") details with the writing of the character itself. It doesn't matter that he becomes a senator (which you admit is not a very believable turn), nor does it matter that he is a good person. He is a badly written and executed character, for the following reasons: * His dialogue is difficult to understand. * The Gungans' dialogue and accent sounds vaguely like Caribbean pidgin. This, combined with Jar Jar's oafish demeanor and the way the Gungans are portrayed as simpletons, comes across as appealing to racial stereotypes of black people. * At best, Jar Jar's antics are extraneous to the plot of the story and serve to distract from it. At worst, they introduce plot holes. * Other characters' reactions to Jar Jar are not believable.
Because people have been told their entire life "Go get your degree and you'll be guaranteed a good job" or "If you don't get a degree, you'll never get a good job." Many students are exiting from university to find, even with their degree, they can't find a job. Many accept jobs paying minimum wage and part time, jobs they could have acquired with their high school degree. During college, they were told "Just take out loans, you'll be able to pay for them with that nice job we told you about" or "your employer will help you pay them back." Well, when they take the job at a supermarket that barely supports them, they find themselves unable to pay because they kind not find the quality of job they were promised when they signed up for college.
Because the population is so low that inbreeding would be a problem almost instantly, secondly large mammals normally don't breed more than a few times in their lives. The ability for the species to recover is pretty much lost at this point.
The largest change would be Qui-Gon staying around around to train Anakin. A more relaxed morally grey Jedi may have been able to temper Anakin's frustration with the Jedi Council. Hearing less " you must trust in the councils wisdom!" and more "well, that's just like their opinion man" may have kept him off the deep end.
- Grooming requirements: barring cultural/religious exemption, all hair (facial or otherwise) must be neatly groomed and caref for. - Uniform requirements: Specific uniform requirements are dictated by your ship or station's command; refer to your command regulations for specific uniform requirements. Uniforms are to be be adjusted to fit nonstandard or unusual bodyplans, should they be required. Non-regulation accessories are prohibited outside of items that are of cultural or religious significance. Uniforms are not required if it inhibits one's health or duties (such as acting as a councilor). - A ship's Captain has final say on grooming requirements, non-regulation accessories, or when a uniform must be worn (outside of health reasons). It's entirely possible to enforce standards, even after accounting for issues that might pop up in trying to apply them.
This isn't as flippant as you think. Central banks have been debating discretionary vs rules-based monetary policy since the 70s. There are many problems with rules based policy such as credibility and stabilisation bias, but most Central Banks today can be located somewhere on the spectrum of how rules-based their policy is. Under a classic Taylor rule, the Central Bank sets a fixed target inflation rate, and then raises the interest rate by x amount everytime the inflation rate differs from the target. This can be calibrated for just about any number of variables or sensitivity, but reduces the Central Bank to a data gathering function. The benefit of this is predictability and expectations formation. If people know that the Central Bank would always act to minimise inflation, then they will not change prices, and so inflation would be stable. This occurs because changing prices comes with costs and rigidities - which we call menu costs - part of it is you have to reprint menus, but it's mostly the cost involved in changing contractual terms. This is beneficial because it means we can keep inflation low even with an adverse economic shock without any adjustment periods. A large problem is credibility. Namely that since the Central Bank knows people would always keep their price stable regardless of any positive or negative economic shock, the optimal policy it should do is different from the rule it has just committed to following. Imagine a one off demand shock threatens to create inflation and growth at the same time - people expect the CB to raise rate according to the rule, and so they don't change prices. The optimal action that the CB should do at that point is to not raise rates, allowing the higher growth without the inflation - and so there is a time inconsistency between what it should do and what it has committed to doing.
Your body has natural protection against bacteria called White Blood Cells, these help protect your body from harmful buildup of bacteria in the body. The veins and arteries in your rectum are small, not like the large ones in your gut or in your legs/arms. This means it is not an open freeway so much as a dirt road that the bacteria must travel through. This helps the White Blood Cells target and destroy that bacteria before it becomes too harmful. Lastly, recently expelled feces does not have as many harmful bacteria as feces that has been out in the open for long periods, this reduces the chance of infection.
When it's really cold they will herd up in areas with thick undergrowth, especially evergreens with low branches which shelter as a tent might. They also move to areas with better foraging opportunities or less snow.
Yes. X-rays provide higher resolution than ultrasound can. And X-rays are better at imaging things like bones, which ultrasound has trouble penetrating. Both types of imaging are valuable. There are other imaging tools (MRI etc.) that can do other things that X-ray and ultrasound can't. Doctors try to use the best tool for the job, minimizing risk to the patient while maximizing their ability to see what they need.
Maybe that Santa wasn’t as great. In The Santa Clause 2, the Elf Bernard says that Scott is the best Santa they’ve ever had and productivity and satisfaction had never been higher. It stands to reason that not all Santas were good at the job and seeing how there are so many ways to lose the Santa gig (fall off a roof, not get married, and evil Jack Frosts) I’d imagine that there is a new santa in training fairly often.
It would never make to to Valinor in the first place, the way there would be barred to anyone attempting the voyage. >For Ilúvatar cast back the Great Seas west of Middle-earth, and the Empty Lands east of it, and new lands and new seas were made; and the world was diminished, for Valinor and Eressëa were taken from it into the realm of hidden things. The Silmarillion >the Eldar were permitted still to depart and to come to the Ancient West and to Avallónë, if they would. Therefore the loremasters of Men said that a Straight Road must still be, for those that were permitted to find it. And they taught that, while the new world fell away, the old road and the path of the memory of the West still went on, as it were a mighty bridge invisible that passed through the air of breath and of flight (which were bent now as the world was bent), and traversed Ilmen which flesh unaided cannot endure, until it came to Tol Eressëa, the Lonely Isle, and maybe even beyond, to Valinor, where the Valar still dwell and watch the unfolding of the story of the world. The Silmarillion When Nùmenor attempted to invade the Undying Lands, Eru litteraly changed the shape of the world into a shpere and men were unable to take the Straight Path to Valinor unless given permission. The Maia like Gandalf were allowed to pass as were the Elves, but even then it was at the blessing of the Valar. Someone like Sauron who was corrupted, even if he had someway to access the Straight Path, would find his way blocked and the full might of the Valar against him. Even so, it is unlikely that he would even be allowed to depart Middle-earth, notice that it is said that the Elves were "permitted" not that they automatically gained entry. The same would be true of Sauron, Ring or no.
15 year old version: Oldschool photos are in that style as it maximises the technology they had at the time. Technology advanced, the style of posed photography changed, and we got really good at capturing more detail and greater light intensity. Digital cameras do not resemble old-school film cameras in the slightest - they compensate for light, colour balance, levels, contrast etc. If you're to take a 2011 photo in Photoshop, you'd easily be able to make it look old if you reduced levels, added a sepia filter, added 'noise' or film grain, added a vignette, added dust & scratches, darkened the midtones and blurred the whole thing. There are a number of Photoshop actions which automate this - search for 'vintage photoshop actions'. But...the way we pose for photos and the way action photos are shot has changed. Because we don't have to stand stock still for 2 minutes waiting for the film to be exposed, pics are often more candid or less formal, which effects the 'mood' of the photo. True LI5: A long time ago, taking photographs cost a lot of money and needed very special cameras. These cameras were not very good, so the photographer had to play around with the photos and the camera to make the photos look good. Over time, we learn how to do things better. We learnt how to make better cameras, and the cameras took better pictures. The cameras were able to take photos using less light and much clearer photos. Today, digital cameras are very good and take good photos. In order to make them look the same as old photos, we have to mess them up a bit.
Space taxes on space trade routes. The Trade Federation handled the movement of goods all across the Republic so those taxes would cut into their bottom line. The Trade Federation has a large army to protect their ships and planetary interests.
When we look farther away, we're looking farther back in time. If we look far enough, we're looking at a time when the universe was much hotter and denser. Beyond a certain point, the universe was so hot and dense that it was full of ionized plasma, and light couldn't propagate. The plasma cooled and formed hyrogen about 400,000 years after the big bang, and that is the farthest we can see (which appears as the cosmic microwave background). If we can drastically improve our neutrino detection capabilities we could see farther back, because neutrinos travel unimpeded through basically everything.
School is not prison, and students are not prisoners. One small portion of the job of a Dean of Students is indeed to promote attendance. But if a Dean is to act in the students' interests rather than as their jailer, he must promote attendance by making school desirable rather than by punishing students for choosing to use their time in other ways. Dean Rooney appears to be putting minimal effort into improving the school and making it a better place. He appears to be "after" Bueller, squandering his on-the-clock time on a personal vendetta aimed at punishing Bueller specifically. This is bad not only because he's wasting too much time on one student but also because he doesn't seem as interested in helping that student as in punishing him. Beyond this complete waste of his time and taxpayer money, Rooney commits trespassing and poisons Bueller's dog. This exposes the school district to significant liability risk. The potential legal damages far exceed any possible benefits even if the home invasion really were motivated by some (off-camera) concern with his student's best interests.
pressure differences caused by temperature differences. the best eli5 answer would be to just open your freezer about 4 inches and put your hand over the gap. You will feel the cold air come out of the freezer pretty quickly because the difference in room temperature and the freezer temperature cause the air to 'even out', moving the cold air in to the warmer air and thus, wind (on a very small scale :) )
Inflation is related to the amount of currency in circulation. The more money that is in circulation, the less value an individual unit (1 dollar, etc) of that money has. The effect is that prices go up. What once cost you $10 might now cost you $12 because the value of your money has gone down. It has absolutely nothing to do with the price of oil.
The nature of their rapid and cheap production forces them to have a very homogenous style. The game of soap operas is to produce as much content as possible as what you are really doing is making the bare minimum that justifies the ad-breaks (hence being called soap operas, because their early radio-play form were dominated by soap commercials). So they are produced cheaply and quickly, meaning there isn't time or budget to do much more than write the script then stick the actor in an existing set to deliver them. Those sets need to be made ready for production very quickly so the lighting setups for them are just left in place. You rock up, hit the switch and the set is lit. That lighting is done so that the actors can stand anywhere inside them and still be well lit for the multiple cameras pointing at them. You want multiple cameras because doing multiple takes for different angles takes time and time is money. So everyone is just homogenously lit in the scene and every scene is lit like every other scene.
The minority component of plasma that is so precious is the variety of proteins in it. Proteins are very long, complex molecules that your body makes to take care of all sorts of things, including carrying different types of nutrients, mediating cell reproduction, and making other molecules your body needs. Proteins are extremely difficult to synthesize in a lab, so it's more than worth it to ask people to donate blood plasma.
Much like the Muppets, the Looney Tunes are a company of actors whose main roles are usually more-or-less based on themselves. Lola was playing a different character in Space Jam than she was in TLTS.
Ordinarily, the overseas territories are self-governing and the UK government is only responsible for their defence and international relations. However, the UK does have sovereignty over the overseas territories and could overrule the local government or remove it entirely and impose direct rule. They did this in the Turks and Caicos Islands in 2008 in response to serious corruption in the local government, so it's not a hypothetical "technically they have that power but it's a historical oddity that they could never really use", but it would still be a last resort.
The big bang's cause, if such a description can ever be deduced, is unknown. While the idea "the universe came from a black hole's formation" sounds poetic, as it stands, it is just vague speculation. >the universe eventually collapsing back in on itself and going through cycles Unfortunately the universe has been measured to be accelerating which essentially rules out any simple collapse prediction. According to the current model, the universe will simply expand forever and never collapse back on itself, we have no idea why this acceleration is occurring so we call it dark energy.
We essentially vomit at the sight of gory or bloody death as a defense mechanism. In the face of corpses or death, we are often at risk ourselves, and therefore vomit to remove possible biohazards from our system that may have been spread by the dead, as blood and gore are often good at transmitting biohazards. It also prevents us from possibly ingesting any biohazards by forcing everything out of the mouth that may have been headed for the stomach (i.e. blood).
Factory chimneys are tall so that the pollution they generate can rise higher in the atmosphere and, more importantly, various volatile compounds can have adequate space to break down. If the chimney was shorter, the exhaust from the factory would spread faster over a smaller area around the factory itself and "smoke out" the workers and adjacent businesses. Making the chimney, or smoke stack, really tall doesn't eliminate the pollution or render all the released compounds inert (or even broken down completely) but it does help dilute the compounds in the atmosphere and minimize the immediate localized damage. Not only does making the chimney tall help get those gases up high to begin with (because the structure itself is tall) but the hot exhaust in a tall chimney flue uses physics to your advantage to eject the gases higher into the air. It's literally called the "chimney effect" or "stack effect" --- the bigger the chimney and the hotter the air exhausted into it, the higher and further the gas will be ejected away from the top of the stack.
Animals which can use the Force: Loth-wolves Purrgil Convorees have a connection to the Force, but no reports of them actually using it. Ysalamiri are canon, their force-use is still only Legend, has yet to be shown Vornskr in Legends
Using your logic it seems like "slut shaming" could be substituted for anything that people get bullied for. Why do you believe that harassing other common bully targets (homosexuals, transgender, obese, etc.) is unacceptable while harassing people with a larger than average number of sexual partners is OK? Couldn't we use your logic to say that homosexuals should realize that their orientation may cause people to harass them and they should "be an adult about it"? Wouldn't "being an adult" mean not harassing someone for their life choices?
You're assuming a lot here. One, not everyone truly knows or understands the diamond industry or its atrocities. And two, African doesn't equal African American. In fact, there's a history of contention between the two groups as they don't necessarily see themselves as the same thing. Sure, they may look similar to non blacks, but the two groups have significantly different cultures, history, and at this point different phenotypic make ups that become quite glaring when discussing societal issues. Hell, the diamond business doesn't even affect all Africans the same. Remember that Africa is a continent with 54 different countries, roughly 2000 known languages and an infinite number of ethnic groups. What affects the Nigerian might not bother the Ethiopian.
There are 2 things happening here. In a feedback loop, the microphone is picking up some of the amplified sound (because it "hears" it from the speaker) and sends it back around. This is why it gets very loud, very fast. The high-pitched squeal happens for a different reason. If the microphone and the speaker are at a certain distance and orientation with each other, such that the sound coming out of the speaker hits the microphone at a certain point in time, certain parts of the sound are amplified slightly differently. Microphones, amplifiers and speakers are not perfect...they work better with some frequencies better than others. If the alignment is such that a certain "high sound" gets amplified better than the other sounds, this results in the squeal you hear. This looping happens very fast, which is why the sound starts a fairly low volume and pitch, then gets very loud and high pitched. If all microphones, amplifiers and speakers (and room acoustics!) were perfect, this would not happen. For you techies: One trick that used to be used before modern DSPs (digital signal processors) was to place 2 microphones at every performer. One mic was actually used by the performer, while a second mic was a few inches away, but connect 180 degrees out-of-phase ("reverse the wires"). The performer's mic would capture both the performer's voice AND whatever else (instruments, crowd, etc) was near by. The second mic had the same, but no vocal. Since it was 180 out of phase, you could add this to the other mic (with a special amp...) and almost perfectly cancel out everything but the vocal. A pain in the ass to set up, but you could get some great sound that way. Edit: Added some cool microphone info
Generally, being unpredictable is kinda a main feature of the fey. Usually, not associating with them at all is the safest course of action - if that's not possible, then treating them with the utmost politeness while still being permanently on your guard is the next best option. If Maleficent had been invited, she probably wouldn't have used such crass methods as directly cursing the princess. She might have very well caused trouble in a more removed fashion - giving a valueable, but dangerous gift, for example, or baiting people into breaking the rules of hospitality first so they don't bind her anymore.
I looked into this about 3 years ago, and could find no scientific study on the topic in humans. In some species of birds, there is an inverse u shaped longevity curve, where offspring of young mothers die early due to inexperience and offspring of very old mothers die early due to a physically less capable provider.
Strange had no way of telling Thor to go for the head. He also had no way of telling Wanda to destroy the Mind Stone faster. If he had delayed Thanos getting the Time Stone Thanos would have probably killed Iron Man. Then Thanos can just go to Earth and reverse the Mind Stone’s destruction. Not to mention Strange had to plan out the events to make sure Scott Lang was in the Quantum Realm when Thanos snapped. A couple minutes too early or late and Scott would have been outside and unable to help the Avengers discover time travel in the future. As for Star Lord, we never see the future that would have come from Star Lord staying calm. But I’m guessing it’s worse than the current MCU (things seem to nearly have returned to normal by the time of Far From Home)
Manhunter was his occupation and title in martian society. There's no direct translation to human languages, so Manhunter is the closest we got. But he was basically a mix of police officer, detective, judge and soldier. The manhunters would travel around the planet capturing criminals, solving crimes, judging disputes between civilians and protecting the planet from exterior threats. For that, one needs to be an expert fighter and possess a strong moral code, and for that they were very respected and looked up to.
This is called "referential pain" and it's a result of the way our nervous system is wired throughout our bodies. We don't always have direct pain receptors on all of our organs and the electrical pathways that our nervous system utilizes are quite complex. If you've ever done any electrical work on a car or house, you can appreciate how seemingly mind-boggling and frustrating this lack of direct correlation can be. However, with a bit of studying, there are many common signs and symptoms that are indicative of organ damage/dysfunction which may seem random to the untrained eye
Have you ever noticed that, whenever dwarves "delve too deep", the creatures that emerge from the black caverns beneath the world are always in a seriously grumpy mood? Yeah, this is pretty much why.
You leave oils behind on the surface of the bulb, which causes the surface of the bulb to heat unevenly as those oils/contaminants are heated up. Certain bulb types, like halogens, output enormous amounts of heat while they're operating. At these high temperatures, that uneven heating can compromise the structure of the bulb and eventually destroy it.
Because the slope of Olympus mons is so shallow it wouldn't look like you're standing on a mountain. You can only see you're on a mountain or hill by seeing how high you are above the valleys. On Olympus mons you literally can't see any Valleys, so there's nothing you can gauge your height by
To add to what /u/monory said, you don't experience the world in low resolution because of generally speaking if you are actually paying attention to an object or landscape - in other words actively trying to process, understand and commit it to memory - you will point your fovea at it. Additionally, ALL of your senses are shaped by previous experience. It's called top down processing and it is basically your brain filling in gaps in sensory information. For example, generally all of the grass you've ever seen is a certain shade of green. Therefore, even though your peripheral vision lacks detail and color, your brain will experience that whole meadow as green, not just the part landing on your fovea. That's just one example of many that keeps you from being totally disoriented by objects outside of where your eyes are focused.
A few factors in play. Timeframe perspective - When the TARDIS appears to vanish or appear from nowhere it's actually the TARDIS translating to/from the Time vortex. The view you see is locked to your (the camera's) timeframe, which the TARDIS is entering or leaving. Being 'part of events' - When we see the TARDIS 'in flight' like a more "conventional" spacecraft its not changing its position in time, only in space. As the Doctor remarks once "short hops are difficult" so if he doesn't need to move through time it's usually easier to just fly the TARDIS from point A to point B instead of accessing the Time vortex, assuming he landed in the open to begin with and not in a structure.
The three tests loosely follow the pattern of past, present and future. The first test would show Elayne's commitment to the White Tower measured against her history. Gawyn and Morgase would be in danger, perhaps with Caemlyn under siege from the False Dragon Logain. Elayne must leave them to their unknown fate to proceed. The second test would measure her commitment versus her current life. Her new friends Nynaeve and Egwene are under attack in the White Tower from the Black Ajah, she must leave them to face possible torture and Turning to proceed. The final test sets her against the future. Queen Elayne of Andor and the Dragon Reborn, Rand al'Thor stand against the Shadow at the Last Battle, joint leaders of the free world. The tide of battle turns and Rand is wounded and trapped, causing the morale of the Andoran army to break. Elayne must leave the fight when Andor most needs her, when Rand most needs her.
front and rear tires wear differently because different loads are placed on them. front wheel drive cars wear the front tires quicker. rear wheel drive cars wear the rear tires quicker. left and right tires wear differently because you turn right alot more aggressively than you turn left. and if you're driving solo, there's an extra 150-200 pounds on the left side of the car.
Medical student here Your belly button is the artifact left behind of your umbilical cord. Once you are birthed, they snip the cord a few inches off the base. After a few days it drys up and falls off because no nutrients are being received. The inside part of the cord is connected to the bladder, the gut, and the main vein that goes to the heart called the Vena Cava. Since your body has no need for those structures, they just get broken down by the body. Sometimes, they aren’t fully broken down and can cause a cyst or a full on opening such as a Meckel’s diverticulum or Patent Urachus. Usually these need to be closed or removed surgically.
You might want to ask your doctor, mental health professional or even a dietitian before you worry about ethical issues; there are alternate sources for most vitamins so you may be able to get away with a diet adjustment if that's the cause of your depression. Something else to consider: can you use supplements to make up the vitamins you're short of? B12 in particular can be gotten from bacterial sources and omega-3 from plant sources. Vegan supplements are a growing business, just be careful in your sourcing.
For good, firm detail on the contractual ins & outs of the negotiation process, read Christopher Marlowe's play Doctor Faustus or, if you've got the intellectual stamina for it, Goethe's novel Faust. Preferably while listening to the incredible krautrock band Faust.
He self-describes as being "Upper lower middle class" meaning on the upper end of lower middle class. According to Homer's paycheck in Much Apu About Nothing, Homer makes $479.60 before taxes each week. Discounting bonuses, and assuming he's paid every week, he makes $24,939.20 annually. However, that's in 1996 dollars. Adjusted for inflation, that's about $49K today. With three kids and a mortgage, it's not outrageous to call that "upper lower middle class." It's way above current "actual median" (which is about $31K) and below "real median" (which is about $62K) and closer to the latter than the former. It's low for an urban income but approximately normal for a 5-person household in rural America. Springfield is just super cheap to live in, it's kind of a shitty town. It's not rural but it's also not really a suburb of a major city either.
To put it simply, some bacteria can produce toxins that result in toxic shock syndrome. Normally, you have these immune cells that take in a pathogen, break it down and present its pieces on the surface. Then another immune cell type called a T cell can come by and recognize the present antigen thereby getting activated. Usually way less than 1 percent of T cells get activated. But when you have these special toxins, they behave as super antigens. They don't need to be processed by an immune cell and presented, they just bind to the protein that usually presents them on the surface of these cells, directly from the outside. And they can activate a huge number of T cells (up to 30 percent). These cells then cause a cytokine storm (a gigantic number of inflammatory and other signals get released). This causes the body to react so dramatically and so quickly and usually so little T cells induce a whole immune response, so a huge number will be ultra fast and ultra dramatic.
. /' // . // \|\//7 /' " \ . . . \| ( \ '._ \| '._ ' '. ' / \'-'_---. ) ) . :.' \| \ \| . . . . ' . \| \| \| \^ /_-': / / \| \| '\ .' / /\| \| \\ \| \ \( ) // / \ \| \| // / L! ! // / [_] L[_\| It's too bad she won't live. But then again, who does?
Most of the rare, high value equipment was rolled into the Storm Stroopers. The Heresy wreaked havoc with the Imperiums production, and caused the Adeptus Mechanicus to become even more insular and protective of knowlege than it was before. This in turn caused high-tech equipment to become exceptionally rare. This was caused partly because of the Emperor not being around to tell them what to do, and partly because the Dark Mechanicum stole a great deal of knowlege when they fled. In the centuries following the Heresy, you could probably have bought yourself a planet with a single Personal Field Generator. Especially if the Adeptus Mechanicus had lost the design in the Heresy. The further you go, through, the more rare these technologies become. As it stands, i don't know of any Planetary Regiment that can still deploy large numbers of Shields, Power Armour or exo-suits. Genetic modification seems to be common, though illegal, on Hive Worlds mind you.
Here are a few reasons - communication, closeness, faith and resurrections and security of the grave. First, not all necromancers are grave robbers seeking to raise up the undead. Necromancers can be an asset to a community. When someone dies, a necromancer gives family a last chance to say goodbye or say things they need to say to them. The necromancer could allow an actual conversation to help both the living and the recently deceased. If a crime were involved, or secrets buried, all that could come out too. Secondly, people like to bury family close by, maybe even visit. Having a body cremated or carted away in a 'bring out your dead' scenario is pretty permanent. Third, cremation may also be against the faith of many, since it destroys the body that may be important to their faith. The body may be a vessel for the spirit, or may be resurrected someday. Resurrections are more common than you think. Finally, a close by cemetary guards the dead from grave robbers, body snatchers and other ghouls. A boothill outside of town is just an invitation to come and rob the graves of body and loot.
Isabella of Portugal has that name because there were several famous women with that name but only one from Portugal. Leonardo da Vinci has that name because he's the only famous Leonardo from Vinci. Helen of Troy is only famous because of Troy. She's a key part of the story of the fall of Troy. The fact that she's from Sparta is immaterial; Sparta isn't really an important part of the story. Troy also doesn't have any other famous Helens so it keeps her distinct. Remember, the whole point of the monikers is to differentiate between people with the same name. By saying Helen of Troy we immediately know who she is; "Helen of Sparta" doesn't have the same impact.
Neutron and white dwarf stars are made of degenerate matter that could be described as a Fermi-Dirac rather than a Bose-Einstein condensate (although not the same as a fermionic condensate). Neutron star interiors are believed to be superfluid, which is a form of Bose-Einstein condensation. Also inside neutron stars it is possible that something like a quark-gluon plasma exists, but this is unknown for sure.
Because humanity was no one'e enemy, is the short answer. The long answer is that, when humanity began exploring the stars, the other founding members of the Federation (the Vulcans, Andorians, and Tellarites) had longstanding rivalries, occasionally breaking out into shooting wars. Humanity was allied with the Vulcans, but officially neutral in their longstanding conflict with the Andorians. After a number of incidents in which the Enterprise NX-01 aided the Andorians, humanity earned enough respect from both the Vulcans and Andorians that those two races asked humanity to mediate negotiations to end their disputes. Eventually the Tellarites were brought into the negotiations, and the end result was the formation of the Federation.
I mean technically she could have sex with anyone she wants to. How would you stop from taking what she wants...? It shouldnt be that hard for a regular dude to have sex with her, its not like she is going to be fighting you. Weve seen her open doors just fine without ripping them off their hinges. As long as she isnt on top or you have a spanking fetish you should be fine. Also, use a condom, every time.
There are several factors in play here: 1. First and foremost is actual versus potential harm. The robots were protecting the humans from actual (albeit low levels) of harm. Gamma radiation physically and actively destroys your cells as you are exposed to it and the robots knew this. Compare this to risky behavior that merely invites the chance (however high) of harm that has not yet occurred. 2. Second is awareness. The robots in this story had to be specifically programmed with knowledge of radiation. Sans that specific knowledge, they wouldn't understand that harm would be occurring. 3. Lastly, robots at this time were not commonplace. A common theme was humanity's bigotry toward robots. They were only in use on Earth in limited and specific areas, and quickly banished from Earth altogether.
A proverb is typically a memorable, commonplace piece of advice: "Never wake a sleeping bear." An aphorism is more an observation: "A bear in spring is always hungry." An epigram is made to be clever or funny: "Always respect mother nature. Especially when she weighs 400 pounds and is guarding her baby." An adage is similar to a proverb, but tends to be less poetic and more of a definition: "The best way to be kind to bears is not to be very close to them."
Time Lords are essentially Gallifreyans mutated by the Time Vortex. They are the ruling elite of Gallifrey. They police time based on their own authority. Time Agents are government agents from the 49th-52nd century that police time. They're not immortal, they don't regenerate, they're just guys with time-travel wristwatches that bip in and out of time to prevent alterations and the like.
To add, the record is copper, plated in gold, and then plated in U-238. The reason to make it all metal is that vinyl couldn't possibly survive the harsh environment of space without quickly decaying, and the uranium, with a half-life of 4.468 BILLION years, is there so optimistically, a civilization who discovers the record can date it's age.
Girls generally mature faster neurologically (the female brain is more or less developed by 19-21 while the male brain may be as late as late 20's), girls are generally also more compliant and follow orders better (whether that's due to biology or social conditioning or some of both is up for debate). Generally boys may tend to learn better through "active" learning techniques and competition than the current passive learning techniques used in institutions currently.

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