id
stringlengths 9
104
| author
stringlengths 3
36
| task_category
stringclasses 32
values | tags
sequencelengths 1
4.05k
| created_time
int64 1,646B
1,742B
| last_modified
timestamp[s]date 2021-02-13 00:06:56
2025-03-18 09:30:19
| downloads
int64 0
15.6M
| likes
int64 0
4.86k
| README
stringlengths 44
1.01M
| matched_bigbio_names
sequencelengths 1
8
| is_bionlp
stringclasses 3
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Deepthoughtworks/gpt-neo-2.7B__low-cpu | Deepthoughtworks | text-generation | [
"transformers",
"pytorch",
"jax",
"rust",
"gpt_neo",
"text-generation",
"text generation",
"causal-lm",
"en",
"arxiv:2101.00027",
"license:apache-2.0",
"autotrain_compatible",
"endpoints_compatible",
"region:us"
] | 1,668,166,556,000 | 2022-11-19T23:20:13 | 36 | 1 | ---
language:
- en
license: apache-2.0
tags:
- text generation
- pytorch
- causal-lm
---
# GPT-Neo 2.7B
## Model Description
GPT-Neo 2.7B is a transformer model designed using EleutherAI's replication of the GPT-3 architecture. GPT-Neo refers to the class of models, while 2.7B represents the number of parameters of this particular pre-trained model.
## Training data
GPT-Neo 2.7B was trained on the Pile, a large scale curated dataset created by EleutherAI for the purpose of training this model.
## Training procedure
This model was trained for 420 billion tokens over 400,000 steps. It was trained as a masked autoregressive language model, using cross-entropy loss.
## Intended Use and Limitations
This way, the model learns an inner representation of the English language that can then be used to extract features useful for downstream tasks. The model is best at what it was pretrained for however, which is generating texts from a prompt.
### How to use
You can use this model directly with a pipeline for text generation. This example generates a different sequence each time it's run:
```py
>>> from transformers import pipeline
>>> generator = pipeline('text-generation', model='EleutherAI/gpt-neo-2.7B')
>>> generator("EleutherAI has", do_sample=True, min_length=50)
[{'generated_text': 'EleutherAI has made a commitment to create new software packages for each of its major clients and has'}]
```
### Limitations and Biases
GPT-Neo was trained as an autoregressive language model. This means that its core functionality is taking a string of text and predicting the next token. While language models are widely used for tasks other than this, there are a lot of unknowns with this work.
GPT-Neo was trained on the Pile, a dataset known to contain profanity, lewd, and otherwise abrasive language. Depending on your usecase GPT-Neo may produce socially unacceptable text. See Sections 5 and 6 of the Pile paper for a more detailed analysis of the biases in the Pile.
As with all language models, it is hard to predict in advance how GPT-Neo will respond to particular prompts and offensive content may occur without warning. We recommend having a human curate or filter the outputs before releasing them, both to censor undesirable content and to improve the quality of the results.
## Eval results
All evaluations were done using our [evaluation harness](https://github.com/EleutherAI/lm-evaluation-harness). Some results for GPT-2 and GPT-3 are inconsistent with the values reported in the respective papers. We are currently looking into why, and would greatly appreciate feedback and further testing of our eval harness. If you would like to contribute evaluations you have done, please reach out on our [Discord](https://discord.gg/vtRgjbM).
### Linguistic Reasoning
| Model and Size | Pile BPB | Pile PPL | Wikitext PPL | Lambada PPL | Lambada Acc | Winogrande | Hellaswag |
| ---------------- | ---------- | ---------- | ------------- | ----------- | ----------- | ---------- | ----------- |
| GPT-Neo 1.3B | 0.7527 | 6.159 | 13.10 | 7.498 | 57.23% | 55.01% | 38.66% |
| GPT-2 1.5B | 1.0468 | ----- | 17.48 | 10.634 | 51.21% | 59.40% | 40.03% |
| **GPT-Neo 2.7B** | **0.7165** | **5.646** | **11.39** | **5.626** | **62.22%** | **56.50%** | **42.73%** |
| GPT-3 Ada | 0.9631 | ----- | ----- | 9.954 | 51.60% | 52.90% | 35.93% |
### Physical and Scientific Reasoning
| Model and Size | MathQA | PubMedQA | Piqa |
| ---------------- | ---------- | ---------- | ----------- |
| GPT-Neo 1.3B | 24.05% | 54.40% | 71.11% |
| GPT-2 1.5B | 23.64% | 58.33% | 70.78% |
| **GPT-Neo 2.7B** | **24.72%** | **57.54%** | **72.14%** |
| GPT-3 Ada | 24.29% | 52.80% | 68.88% |
### Down-Stream Applications
TBD
### BibTeX entry and citation info
To cite this model, use
```bibtex
@software{gpt-neo,
author = {Black, Sid and
Leo, Gao and
Wang, Phil and
Leahy, Connor and
Biderman, Stella},
title = {{GPT-Neo: Large Scale Autoregressive Language
Modeling with Mesh-Tensorflow}},
month = mar,
year = 2021,
note = {{If you use this software, please cite it using
these metadata.}},
publisher = {Zenodo},
version = {1.0},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.5297715},
url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5297715}
}
@article{gao2020pile,
title={The Pile: An 800GB Dataset of Diverse Text for Language Modeling},
author={Gao, Leo and Biderman, Stella and Black, Sid and Golding, Laurence and Hoppe, Travis and Foster, Charles and Phang, Jason and He, Horace and Thite, Anish and Nabeshima, Noa and others},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2101.00027},
year={2020}
}
```
| [
"PUBMEDQA"
] | Non_BioNLP |
goverlyai/gte-reranker-modernbert-base | goverlyai | sentence-similarity | [
"transformers",
"onnx",
"safetensors",
"modernbert",
"text-classification",
"sentence-transformers",
"transformers.js",
"sentence-similarity",
"en",
"arxiv:2308.03281",
"base_model:answerdotai/ModernBERT-base",
"base_model:finetune:answerdotai/ModernBERT-base",
"license:apache-2.0",
"autotrain_compatible",
"endpoints_compatible",
"region:us"
] | 1,739,996,355,000 | 2025-02-19T20:29:30 | 11 | 0 | ---
base_model:
- answerdotai/ModernBERT-base
language:
- en
library_name: transformers
license: apache-2.0
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
tags:
- sentence-transformers
- transformers.js
base_model_relation: finetune
---
# gte-reranker-modernbert-base
We are excited to introduce the `gte-modernbert` series of models, which are built upon the latest modernBERT pre-trained encoder-only foundation models. The `gte-modernbert` series models include both text embedding models and rerank models.
The `gte-modernbert` models demonstrates competitive performance in several text embedding and text retrieval evaluation tasks when compared to similar-scale models from the current open-source community. This includes assessments such as **MTEB**, **LoCO**, and **COIR** evaluation.
## Model Overview
- Developed by: Tongyi Lab, Alibaba Group
- Model Type: Text reranker
- Primary Language: English
- Model Size: 149M
- Max Input Length: 8192 tokens
### Model list
| Models | Language | Model Type | Model Size | Max Seq. Length | Dimension | MTEB-en | BEIR | LoCo | CoIR |
|:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------:|:--------:|:----------------------:|:----------:|:---------------:|:---------:|:-------:|:----:|:----:|:----:|
| [`gte-modernbert-base`](https://huggingface.co/Alibaba-NLP/gte-modernbert-base) | English | text embedding | 149M | 8192 | 768 | 64.38 | 55.33 | 87.57 | 79.31 |
| [`gte-reranker-modernbert-base`](https://huggingface.co/Alibaba-NLP/gte-reranker-modernbert-base) | English | text reranker | 149M | 8192 | - | - | 56.19 | 90.68 | 79.99 |
## Usage
> [!TIP]
> For `transformers` and `sentence-transformers`, if your GPU supports it, the efficient Flash Attention 2 will be used automatically if you have `flash_attn` installed. It is not mandatory.
>
> ```bash
> pip install flash_attn
> ```
Use with `transformers`
```python
# Requires transformers>=4.48.0
import torch
from transformers import AutoModelForSequenceClassification, AutoTokenizer
model_name_or_path = "Alibaba-NLP/gte-reranker-modernbert-base"
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name_or_path)
model = AutoModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained(
model_name_or_path,
torch_dtype=torch.float16,
)
model.eval()
pairs = [
["what is the capital of China?", "Beijing"],
["how to implement quick sort in python?", "Introduction of quick sort"],
["how to implement quick sort in python?", "The weather is nice today"],
]
with torch.no_grad():
inputs = tokenizer(pairs, padding=True, truncation=True, return_tensors='pt', max_length=512)
scores = model(**inputs, return_dict=True).logits.view(-1, ).float()
print(scores)
# tensor([ 2.1387, 2.4609, -1.6729])
```
Use with `sentence-transformers`:
Before you start, install the sentence-transformers libraries:
```
pip install sentence-transformers
```
```python
# Requires transformers>=4.48.0
from sentence_transformers import CrossEncoder
model = CrossEncoder(
"Alibaba-NLP/gte-reranker-modernbert-base",
automodel_args={"torch_dtype": "auto"},
)
pairs = [
["what is the capital of China?", "Beijing"],
["how to implement quick sort in python?","Introduction of quick sort"],
["how to implement quick sort in python?", "The weather is nice today"],
]
scores = model.predict(pairs)
print(scores)
# [0.8945664 0.9213594 0.15742092]
# NOTE: Sentence Transformers calls Softmax over the outputs by default, hence the scores are in [0, 1] range.
```
Use with `transformers.js`
```js
import {
AutoTokenizer,
AutoModelForSequenceClassification,
} from "@huggingface/transformers";
const model_id = "Alibaba-NLP/gte-reranker-modernbert-base";
const model = await AutoModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained(
model_id,
{ dtype: "fp32" }, // Supported options: "fp32", "fp16", "q8", "q4", "q4f16"
);
const tokenizer = await AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_id);
const pairs = [
["what is the capital of China?", "Beijing"],
["how to implement quick sort in python?", "Introduction of quick sort"],
["how to implement quick sort in python?", "The weather is nice today"],
];
const inputs = tokenizer(
pairs.map((x) => x[0]),
{
text_pair: pairs.map((x) => x[1]),
padding: true,
truncation: true,
},
);
const { logits } = await model(inputs);
console.log(logits.tolist()); // [[2.138258218765259], [2.4609625339508057], [-1.6775450706481934]]
```
## Training Details
The `gte-modernbert` series of models follows the training scheme of the previous [GTE models](https://huggingface.co/collections/Alibaba-NLP/gte-models-6680f0b13f885cb431e6d469), with the only difference being that the pre-training language model base has been replaced from [GTE-MLM](https://huggingface.co/Alibaba-NLP/gte-en-mlm-base) to [ModernBert](https://huggingface.co/answerdotai/ModernBERT-base). For more training details, please refer to our paper: [mGTE: Generalized Long-Context Text Representation and Reranking Models for Multilingual Text Retrieval](https://aclanthology.org/2024.emnlp-industry.103/)
## Evaluation
### MTEB
The results of other models are retrieved from [MTEB leaderboard](https://huggingface.co/spaces/mteb/leaderboard). Given that all models in the `gte-modernbert` series have a size of less than 1B parameters, we focused exclusively on the results of models under 1B from the MTEB leaderboard.
| Model Name | Param Size (M) | Dimension | Sequence Length | Average (56) | Class. (12) | Clust. (11) | Pair Class. (3) | Reran. (4) | Retr. (15) | STS (10) | Summ. (1) |
|:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------:|:--------------:|:---------:|:---------------:|:------------:|:-----------:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:-----------:|:--------:|
| [mxbai-embed-large-v1](https://huggingface.co/mixedbread-ai/mxbai-embed-large-v1) | 335 | 1024 | 512 | 64.68 | 75.64 | 46.71 | 87.2 | 60.11 | 54.39 | 85 | 32.71 |
| [multilingual-e5-large-instruct](https://huggingface.co/intfloat/multilingual-e5-large-instruct) | 560 | 1024 | 514 | 64.41 | 77.56 | 47.1 | 86.19 | 58.58 | 52.47 | 84.78 | 30.39 |
| [bge-large-en-v1.5](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-large-en-v1.5) | 335 | 1024 | 512 | 64.23 | 75.97 | 46.08 | 87.12 | 60.03 | 54.29 | 83.11 | 31.61 |
| [gte-base-en-v1.5](https://huggingface.co/Alibaba-NLP/gte-base-en-v1.5) | 137 | 768 | 8192 | 64.11 | 77.17 | 46.82 | 85.33 | 57.66 | 54.09 | 81.97 | 31.17 |
| [bge-base-en-v1.5](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5) | 109 | 768 | 512 | 63.55 | 75.53 | 45.77 | 86.55 | 58.86 | 53.25 | 82.4 | 31.07 |
| [gte-large-en-v1.5](https://huggingface.co/Alibaba-NLP/gte-large-en-v1.5) | 409 | 1024 | 8192 | 65.39 | 77.75 | 47.95 | 84.63 | 58.50 | 57.91 | 81.43 | 30.91 |
| [modernbert-embed-base](https://huggingface.co/nomic-ai/modernbert-embed-base) | 149 | 768 | 8192 | 62.62 | 74.31 | 44.98 | 83.96 | 56.42 | 52.89 | 81.78 | 31.39 |
| [nomic-embed-text-v1.5](https://huggingface.co/nomic-ai/nomic-embed-text-v1.5) | | 768 | 8192 | 62.28 | 73.55 | 43.93 | 84.61 | 55.78 | 53.01| 81.94 | 30.4 |
| [gte-multilingual-base](https://huggingface.co/Alibaba-NLP/gte-multilingual-base) | 305 | 768 | 8192 | 61.4 | 70.89 | 44.31 | 84.24 | 57.47 |51.08 | 82.11 | 30.58 |
| [jina-embeddings-v3](https://huggingface.co/jinaai/jina-embeddings-v3) | 572 | 1024 | 8192 | 65.51 | 82.58 |45.21 |84.01 |58.13 |53.88 | 85.81 | 29.71 |
| [**gte-modernbert-base**](https://huggingface.co/Alibaba-NLP/gte-modernbert-base) | 149 | 768 | 8192 | **64.38** | **76.99** | **46.47** | **85.93** | **59.24** | **55.33** | **81.57** | **30.68** |
### LoCo (Long Document Retrieval)
| Model Name | Dimension | Sequence Length | Average (5) | QsmsumRetrieval | SummScreenRetrieval | QasperAbastractRetrieval | QasperTitleRetrieval | GovReportRetrieval |
|:----:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|
| [gte-qwen1.5-7b](https://huggingface.co/Alibaba-NLP/gte-qwen1.5-7b) | 4096 | 32768 | 87.57 | 49.37 | 93.10 | 99.67 | 97.54 | 98.21 |
| [gte-large-v1.5](https://huggingface.co/Alibaba-NLP/gte-large-v1.5) |1024 | 8192 | 86.71 | 44.55 | 92.61 | 99.82 | 97.81 | 98.74 |
| [gte-base-v1.5](https://huggingface.co/Alibaba-NLP/gte-base-v1.5) | 768 | 8192 | 87.44 | 49.91 | 91.78 | 99.82 | 97.13 | 98.58 |
| [gte-modernbert-base](https://huggingface.co/Alibaba-NLP/gte-modernbert-base) | 768 | 8192 | 88.88 | 54.45 | 93.00 | 99.82 | 98.03 | 98.70 |
| [gte-reranker-modernbert-base](https://huggingface.co/Alibaba-NLP/gte-reranker-modernbert-base) | - | 8192 | 90.68 | 70.86 | 94.06 | 99.73 | 99.11 | 89.67 |
### COIR (Code Retrieval Task)
| Model Name | Dimension | Sequence Length | Average(20) | CodeSearchNet-ccr-go | CodeSearchNet-ccr-java | CodeSearchNet-ccr-javascript | CodeSearchNet-ccr-php | CodeSearchNet-ccr-python | CodeSearchNet-ccr-ruby | CodeSearchNet-go | CodeSearchNet-java | CodeSearchNet-javascript | CodeSearchNet-php | CodeSearchNet-python | CodeSearchNet-ruby | apps | codefeedback-mt | codefeedback-st | codetrans-contest | codetrans-dl | cosqa | stackoverflow-qa | synthetic-text2sql |
|:----:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:| :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: |
| [gte-modernbert-base](https://huggingface.co/Alibaba-NLP/gte-modernbert-base) | 768 | 8192 | 79.31 | 94.15 | 93.57 | 94.27 | 91.51 | 93.93 | 90.63 | 88.32 | 83.27 | 76.05 | 85.12 | 88.16 | 77.59 | 57.54 | 82.34 | 85.95 | 71.89 | 35.46 | 43.47 | 91.2 | 61.87 |
| [gte-reranker-modernbert-base](https://huggingface.co/Alibaba-NLP/gte-reranker-modernbert-base) | - | 8192 | 79.99 | 96.43 | 96.88 | 98.32 | 91.81 | 97.7 | 91.96 | 88.81 | 79.71 | 76.27 | 89.39 | 98.37 | 84.11 | 47.57 | 83.37 | 88.91 | 49.66 | 36.36 | 44.37 | 89.58 | 64.21 |
### BEIR
| Model Name | Dimension | Sequence Length | Average(15) | ArguAna | ClimateFEVER | CQADupstackAndroidRetrieval | DBPedia | FEVER | FiQA2018 | HotpotQA | MSMARCO | NFCorpus | NQ | QuoraRetrieval | SCIDOCS | SciFact | Touche2020 | TRECCOVID |
| :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: |
| [gte-modernbert-base](https://huggingface.co/Alibaba-NLP/gte-modernbert-base) | 768 | 8192 | 55.33 | 72.68 | 37.74 | 42.63 | 41.79 | 91.03 | 48.81 | 69.47 | 40.9 | 36.44 | 57.62 | 88.55 | 21.29 | 77.4 | 21.68 | 81.95 |
| [gte-reranker-modernbert-base](https://huggingface.co/Alibaba-NLP/gte-reranker-modernbert-base) | - | 8192 | 56.73 | 69.03 | 37.79 | 44.68 | 47.23 | 94.54 | 49.81 | 78.16 | 45.38 | 30.69 | 64.57 | 87.77 | 20.60 | 73.57 | 27.36 | 79.89 |
## Hiring
We have open positions for **Research Interns** and **Full-Time Researchers** to join our team at Tongyi Lab.
We are seeking passionate individuals with expertise in representation learning, LLM-driven information retrieval, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), and agent-based systems.
Our team is located in the vibrant cities of **Beijing** and **Hangzhou**.
If you are driven by curiosity and eager to make a meaningful impact through your work, we would love to hear from you. Please submit your resume along with a brief introduction to <a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a>.
## Citation
If you find our paper or models helpful, feel free to give us a cite.
```
@inproceedings{zhang2024mgte,
title={mGTE: Generalized Long-Context Text Representation and Reranking Models for Multilingual Text Retrieval},
author={Zhang, Xin and Zhang, Yanzhao and Long, Dingkun and Xie, Wen and Dai, Ziqi and Tang, Jialong and Lin, Huan and Yang, Baosong and Xie, Pengjun and Huang, Fei and others},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing: Industry Track},
pages={1393--1412},
year={2024}
}
@article{li2023towards,
title={Towards general text embeddings with multi-stage contrastive learning},
author={Li, Zehan and Zhang, Xin and Zhang, Yanzhao and Long, Dingkun and Xie, Pengjun and Zhang, Meishan},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2308.03281},
year={2023}
}
```
| [
"SCIFACT"
] | Non_BioNLP |
Subsets and Splits