sentence-transformers safetensors bert sentence-similarity feature-extraction generated_from_trainer dataset_size:6300 loss:MatryoshkaLoss loss:MultipleNegativesRankingLoss en arxiv:1908.10084 arxiv:2205.13147 arxiv:1705.00652 base_model:BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5 base_model:finetune:BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5 license:apache-2.0 model-index autotrain_compatible text-embeddings-inference endpoints_compatible region:us
---
base_model: BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5
datasets: []
language:
- en
library_name: sentence-transformers
license: apache-2.0
metrics:
- cosine_accuracy@1
- cosine_accuracy@3
- cosine_accuracy@5
- cosine_accuracy@10
- cosine_precision@1
- cosine_precision@3
- cosine_precision@5
- cosine_precision@10
- cosine_recall@1
- cosine_recall@3
- cosine_recall@5
- cosine_recall@10
- cosine_ndcg@10
- cosine_mrr@10
- cosine_map@100
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
tags:
- sentence-transformers
- sentence-similarity
- feature-extraction
- generated_from_trainer
- dataset_size:6300
- loss:MatryoshkaLoss
- loss:MultipleNegativesRankingLoss
widget:
- source_sentence: On December 15, 2022, the European Union Member States formally
    adopted the EU’s Pillar Two Directive, which generally provides for a minimum
    effective tax rate of 15%.
  sentences:
  - What were the key business segments of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. as reported
    in their 2023 financial disclosures?
  - What are the aspects of the EU Pillar Two Directive adopted in December 2022?
  - How does customer size and geography affect the determination of SSP for products
    and services?
- source_sentence: Schwab's management of credit risk involves policies and procedures
    that include setting and reviewing credit limits, monitoring of credit limits
    and quality of counterparties, and adjusting margin, PAL, option, and futures
    requirements for certain securities and instruments.
  sentences:
  - What measures does Schwab take to manage credit risk?
  - How might a 10% change in the obsolescence reserve percentage impact net earnings?
  - How did the discount rates for Depop and Elo7 change during their 2022 impairments
    analysis?
- source_sentence: While we believe that our ESG goals align with our long-term growth
    strategy and financial and operational priorities, they are aspirational and may
    change, and there is no guarantee or promise that they will be met.
  sentences:
  - What is the relationship between the ESG goals and the long-term growth strategy?
  - What was the total revenue in millions for 2023 according to the disaggregated
    revenue information by segment?
  - How much did the net cumulative medical payments amount to in 2023?
- source_sentence: The total unrealized losses on U.S. Treasury securities amounted
    to $134 million.
  sentences:
  - What critical audit matters were identified related to the revenue recognition
    in the Connectivity & Platforms businesses at Comcast in 2023?
  - What were the total unrealized losses on U.S. Treasury securities as of the last
    reporting date?
  - How is Revenue per Available Room (RevPAR) calculated and what does it indicate?
- source_sentence: The Chief Executive etc. does not manage segment results or allocate
    resources to segments when considering these costs and they are therefore excluded
    from our definition of segment income.
  sentences:
  - How are tax returns affecting the company's tax provisions when audited?
  - What was the increase in sales and marketing expenses for the year ended December
    31, 2023 compared to 2022?
  - What components are excluded from segment income definition according to company
    management?
model-index:
- name: BGE base Financial Matryoshka
  results:
  - task:
      type: information-retrieval
      name: Information Retrieval
    dataset:
      name: dim 768
      type: dim_768
    metrics:
    - type: cosine_accuracy@1
      value: 0.7142857142857143
      name: Cosine Accuracy@1
    - type: cosine_accuracy@3
      value: 0.83
      name: Cosine Accuracy@3
    - type: cosine_accuracy@5
      value: 0.8585714285714285
      name: Cosine Accuracy@5
    - type: cosine_accuracy@10
      value: 0.9042857142857142
      name: Cosine Accuracy@10
    - type: cosine_precision@1
      value: 0.7142857142857143
      name: Cosine Precision@1
    - type: cosine_precision@3
      value: 0.27666666666666667
      name: Cosine Precision@3
    - type: cosine_precision@5
      value: 0.1717142857142857
      name: Cosine Precision@5
    - type: cosine_precision@10
      value: 0.09042857142857141
      name: Cosine Precision@10
    - type: cosine_recall@1
      value: 0.7142857142857143
      name: Cosine Recall@1
    - type: cosine_recall@3
      value: 0.83
      name: Cosine Recall@3
    - type: cosine_recall@5
      value: 0.8585714285714285
      name: Cosine Recall@5
    - type: cosine_recall@10
      value: 0.9042857142857142
      name: Cosine Recall@10
    - type: cosine_ndcg@10
      value: 0.8098414318705203
      name: Cosine Ndcg@10
    - type: cosine_mrr@10
      value: 0.7796729024943311
      name: Cosine Mrr@10
    - type: cosine_map@100
      value: 0.7831593716959953
      name: Cosine Map@100
  - task:
      type: information-retrieval
      name: Information Retrieval
    dataset:
      name: dim 512
      type: dim_512
    metrics:
    - type: cosine_accuracy@1
      value: 0.7157142857142857
      name: Cosine Accuracy@1
    - type: cosine_accuracy@3
      value: 0.8242857142857143
      name: Cosine Accuracy@3
    - type: cosine_accuracy@5
      value: 0.8542857142857143
      name: Cosine Accuracy@5
    - type: cosine_accuracy@10
      value: 0.8942857142857142
      name: Cosine Accuracy@10
    - type: cosine_precision@1
      value: 0.7157142857142857
      name: Cosine Precision@1
    - type: cosine_precision@3
      value: 0.27476190476190476
      name: Cosine Precision@3
    - type: cosine_precision@5
      value: 0.17085714285714285
      name: Cosine Precision@5
    - type: cosine_precision@10
      value: 0.08942857142857143
      name: Cosine Precision@10
    - type: cosine_recall@1
      value: 0.7157142857142857
      name: Cosine Recall@1
    - type: cosine_recall@3
      value: 0.8242857142857143
      name: Cosine Recall@3
    - type: cosine_recall@5
      value: 0.8542857142857143
      name: Cosine Recall@5
    - type: cosine_recall@10
      value: 0.8942857142857142
      name: Cosine Recall@10
    - type: cosine_ndcg@10
      value: 0.805674034217217
      name: Cosine Ndcg@10
    - type: cosine_mrr@10
      value: 0.7771672335600905
      name: Cosine Mrr@10
    - type: cosine_map@100
      value: 0.7814319590791096
      name: Cosine Map@100
  - task:
      type: information-retrieval
      name: Information Retrieval
    dataset:
      name: dim 256
      type: dim_256
    metrics:
    - type: cosine_accuracy@1
      value: 0.7057142857142857
      name: Cosine Accuracy@1
    - type: cosine_accuracy@3
      value: 0.8185714285714286
      name: Cosine Accuracy@3
    - type: cosine_accuracy@5
      value: 0.8528571428571429
      name: Cosine Accuracy@5
    - type: cosine_accuracy@10
      value: 0.8928571428571429
      name: Cosine Accuracy@10
    - type: cosine_precision@1
      value: 0.7057142857142857
      name: Cosine Precision@1
    - type: cosine_precision@3
      value: 0.27285714285714285
      name: Cosine Precision@3
    - type: cosine_precision@5
      value: 0.17057142857142857
      name: Cosine Precision@5
    - type: cosine_precision@10
      value: 0.08928571428571427
      name: Cosine Precision@10
    - type: cosine_recall@1
      value: 0.7057142857142857
      name: Cosine Recall@1
    - type: cosine_recall@3
      value: 0.8185714285714286
      name: Cosine Recall@3
    - type: cosine_recall@5
      value: 0.8528571428571429
      name: Cosine Recall@5
    - type: cosine_recall@10
      value: 0.8928571428571429
      name: Cosine Recall@10
    - type: cosine_ndcg@10
      value: 0.7998364446362882
      name: Cosine Ndcg@10
    - type: cosine_mrr@10
      value: 0.7700413832199544
      name: Cosine Mrr@10
    - type: cosine_map@100
      value: 0.7739467761950781
      name: Cosine Map@100
  - task:
      type: information-retrieval
      name: Information Retrieval
    dataset:
      name: dim 128
      type: dim_128
    metrics:
    - type: cosine_accuracy@1
      value: 0.6871428571428572
      name: Cosine Accuracy@1
    - type: cosine_accuracy@3
      value: 0.8057142857142857
      name: Cosine Accuracy@3
    - type: cosine_accuracy@5
      value: 0.8385714285714285
      name: Cosine Accuracy@5
    - type: cosine_accuracy@10
      value: 0.8871428571428571
      name: Cosine Accuracy@10
    - type: cosine_precision@1
      value: 0.6871428571428572
      name: Cosine Precision@1
    - type: cosine_precision@3
      value: 0.26857142857142857
      name: Cosine Precision@3
    - type: cosine_precision@5
      value: 0.1677142857142857
      name: Cosine Precision@5
    - type: cosine_precision@10
      value: 0.0887142857142857
      name: Cosine Precision@10
    - type: cosine_recall@1
      value: 0.6871428571428572
      name: Cosine Recall@1
    - type: cosine_recall@3
      value: 0.8057142857142857
      name: Cosine Recall@3
    - type: cosine_recall@5
      value: 0.8385714285714285
      name: Cosine Recall@5
    - type: cosine_recall@10
      value: 0.8871428571428571
      name: Cosine Recall@10
    - type: cosine_ndcg@10
      value: 0.7864888199817319
      name: Cosine Ndcg@10
    - type: cosine_mrr@10
      value: 0.7544109977324263
      name: Cosine Mrr@10
    - type: cosine_map@100
      value: 0.7584408188949701
      name: Cosine Map@100
---

# BGE base Financial Matryoshka

This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model finetuned from [BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5). It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

## Model Details

### Model Description
- **Model Type:** Sentence Transformer
- **Base model:** [BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5) <!-- at revision a5beb1e3e68b9ab74eb54cfd186867f64f240e1a -->
- **Maximum Sequence Length:** 512 tokens
- **Output Dimensionality:** 768 tokens
- **Similarity Function:** Cosine Similarity
<!-- - **Training Dataset:** Unknown -->
- **Language:** en
- **License:** apache-2.0

### Model Sources

- **Documentation:** [Sentence Transformers Documentation](https://sbert.net)
- **Repository:** [Sentence Transformers on GitHub](https://github.com/UKPLab/sentence-transformers)
- **Hugging Face:** [Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/models?library=sentence-transformers)

### Full Model Architecture

```
SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': True}) with Transformer model: BertModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': True, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
  (2): Normalize()
)
```

## Usage

### Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

```bash
pip install -U sentence-transformers
```

Then you can load this model and run inference.
```python
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("pavanmantha/bge-base-en-sec10k-embed")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'The Chief Executive etc. does not manage segment results or allocate resources to segments when considering these costs and they are therefore excluded from our definition of segment income.',
    'What components are excluded from segment income definition according to company management?',
    'What was the increase in sales and marketing expenses for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to 2022?',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 768]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]
```

<!--
### Direct Usage (Transformers)

<details><summary>Click to see the direct usage in Transformers</summary>

</details>
-->

<!--
### Downstream Usage (Sentence Transformers)

You can finetune this model on your own dataset.

<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>

</details>
-->

<!--
### Out-of-Scope Use

*List how the model may foreseeably be misused and address what users ought not to do with the model.*
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## Evaluation

### Metrics

#### Information Retrieval
* Dataset: `dim_768`
* Evaluated with [<code>InformationRetrievalEvaluator</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.evaluation.InformationRetrievalEvaluator)

| Metric              | Value      |
|:--------------------|:-----------|
| cosine_accuracy@1   | 0.7143     |
| cosine_accuracy@3   | 0.83       |
| cosine_accuracy@5   | 0.8586     |
| cosine_accuracy@10  | 0.9043     |
| cosine_precision@1  | 0.7143     |
| cosine_precision@3  | 0.2767     |
| cosine_precision@5  | 0.1717     |
| cosine_precision@10 | 0.0904     |
| cosine_recall@1     | 0.7143     |
| cosine_recall@3     | 0.83       |
| cosine_recall@5     | 0.8586     |
| cosine_recall@10    | 0.9043     |
| cosine_ndcg@10      | 0.8098     |
| cosine_mrr@10       | 0.7797     |
| **cosine_map@100**  | **0.7832** |

#### Information Retrieval
* Dataset: `dim_512`
* Evaluated with [<code>InformationRetrievalEvaluator</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.evaluation.InformationRetrievalEvaluator)

| Metric              | Value      |
|:--------------------|:-----------|
| cosine_accuracy@1   | 0.7157     |
| cosine_accuracy@3   | 0.8243     |
| cosine_accuracy@5   | 0.8543     |
| cosine_accuracy@10  | 0.8943     |
| cosine_precision@1  | 0.7157     |
| cosine_precision@3  | 0.2748     |
| cosine_precision@5  | 0.1709     |
| cosine_precision@10 | 0.0894     |
| cosine_recall@1     | 0.7157     |
| cosine_recall@3     | 0.8243     |
| cosine_recall@5     | 0.8543     |
| cosine_recall@10    | 0.8943     |
| cosine_ndcg@10      | 0.8057     |
| cosine_mrr@10       | 0.7772     |
| **cosine_map@100**  | **0.7814** |

#### Information Retrieval
* Dataset: `dim_256`
* Evaluated with [<code>InformationRetrievalEvaluator</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.evaluation.InformationRetrievalEvaluator)

| Metric              | Value      |
|:--------------------|:-----------|
| cosine_accuracy@1   | 0.7057     |
| cosine_accuracy@3   | 0.8186     |
| cosine_accuracy@5   | 0.8529     |
| cosine_accuracy@10  | 0.8929     |
| cosine_precision@1  | 0.7057     |
| cosine_precision@3  | 0.2729     |
| cosine_precision@5  | 0.1706     |
| cosine_precision@10 | 0.0893     |
| cosine_recall@1     | 0.7057     |
| cosine_recall@3     | 0.8186     |
| cosine_recall@5     | 0.8529     |
| cosine_recall@10    | 0.8929     |
| cosine_ndcg@10      | 0.7998     |
| cosine_mrr@10       | 0.77       |
| **cosine_map@100**  | **0.7739** |

#### Information Retrieval
* Dataset: `dim_128`
* Evaluated with [<code>InformationRetrievalEvaluator</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.evaluation.InformationRetrievalEvaluator)

| Metric              | Value      |
|:--------------------|:-----------|
| cosine_accuracy@1   | 0.6871     |
| cosine_accuracy@3   | 0.8057     |
| cosine_accuracy@5   | 0.8386     |
| cosine_accuracy@10  | 0.8871     |
| cosine_precision@1  | 0.6871     |
| cosine_precision@3  | 0.2686     |
| cosine_precision@5  | 0.1677     |
| cosine_precision@10 | 0.0887     |
| cosine_recall@1     | 0.6871     |
| cosine_recall@3     | 0.8057     |
| cosine_recall@5     | 0.8386     |
| cosine_recall@10    | 0.8871     |
| cosine_ndcg@10      | 0.7865     |
| cosine_mrr@10       | 0.7544     |
| **cosine_map@100**  | **0.7584** |

<!--
## Bias, Risks and Limitations

*What are the known or foreseeable issues stemming from this model? You could also flag here known failure cases or weaknesses of the model.*
-->

<!--
### Recommendations

*What are recommendations with respect to the foreseeable issues? For example, filtering explicit content.*
-->

## Training Details

### Training Dataset

#### Unnamed Dataset


* Size: 6,300 training samples
* Columns: <code>positive</code> and <code>anchor</code>
* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
  |         | positive                                                                           | anchor                                                                            |
  |:--------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
  | type    | string                                                                             | string                                                                            |
  | details | <ul><li>min: 9 tokens</li><li>mean: 46.84 tokens</li><li>max: 326 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 8 tokens</li><li>mean: 20.44 tokens</li><li>max: 43 tokens</li></ul> |
* Samples:
  | positive                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              | anchor                                                                                                                            |
  |:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
  | <code>The federal banking regulators’ guidance on sound incentive compensation practices sets forth three key principles for incentive compensation arrangements that are designed to help ensure such plans do not encourage imprudent risk-taking and align with the safety and soundness of the organization. These principles include balancing risk with financial results, compatibility with internal controls and risk management, and support from strong corporate governance with effective oversight by the board.</code> | <code>What are the three principles set forth by federal banking regulators' guidance on incentive compensation practices?</code> |
  | <code>Delta Air Lines generated a free cash flow of $2,003 million in 2023. This figure was adjusted for several factors including net redemptions of short-term investments and a pilot agreement payment of $735 million.</code>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    | <code>How much free cash flow did Delta Air Lines generate in 2023?</code>                                                        |
  | <code>Inherent in the qualitative assessment are estimates and assumptions about our consideration of events and circumstances that may indicate a potential impairment, including industry and market conditions, expected cost pressures, expected financial performance, and general macroeconomic conditions.</code>                                                                                                                                                                                                              | <code>What does the qualitative assessment of goodwill consider regarding possible impairment?</code>                             |
* Loss: [<code>MatryoshkaLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#matryoshkaloss) with these parameters:
  ```json
  {
      "loss": "MultipleNegativesRankingLoss",
      "matryoshka_dims": [
          768,
          512,
          256,
          128
      ],
      "matryoshka_weights": [
          1,
          1,
          1,
          1
      ],
      "n_dims_per_step": -1
  }
  ```

### Training Hyperparameters
#### Non-Default Hyperparameters

- `eval_strategy`: epoch
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 32
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 16
- `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 16
- `learning_rate`: 2e-05
- `num_train_epochs`: 4
- `lr_scheduler_type`: cosine
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.1
- `fp16`: True
- `tf32`: False
- `load_best_model_at_end`: True
- `optim`: adamw_torch_fused
- `batch_sampler`: no_duplicates

#### All Hyperparameters
<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>

- `overwrite_output_dir`: False
- `do_predict`: False
- `eval_strategy`: epoch
- `prediction_loss_only`: True
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 32
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 16
- `per_gpu_train_batch_size`: None
- `per_gpu_eval_batch_size`: None
- `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 16
- `eval_accumulation_steps`: None
- `learning_rate`: 2e-05
- `weight_decay`: 0.0
- `adam_beta1`: 0.9
- `adam_beta2`: 0.999
- `adam_epsilon`: 1e-08
- `max_grad_norm`: 1.0
- `num_train_epochs`: 4
- `max_steps`: -1
- `lr_scheduler_type`: cosine
- `lr_scheduler_kwargs`: {}
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.1
- `warmup_steps`: 0
- `log_level`: passive
- `log_level_replica`: warning
- `log_on_each_node`: True
- `logging_nan_inf_filter`: True
- `save_safetensors`: True
- `save_on_each_node`: False
- `save_only_model`: False
- `restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint`: False
- `no_cuda`: False
- `use_cpu`: False
- `use_mps_device`: False
- `seed`: 42
- `data_seed`: None
- `jit_mode_eval`: False
- `use_ipex`: False
- `bf16`: False
- `fp16`: True
- `fp16_opt_level`: O1
- `half_precision_backend`: auto
- `bf16_full_eval`: False
- `fp16_full_eval`: False
- `tf32`: False
- `local_rank`: 0
- `ddp_backend`: None
- `tpu_num_cores`: None
- `tpu_metrics_debug`: False
- `debug`: []
- `dataloader_drop_last`: False
- `dataloader_num_workers`: 0
- `dataloader_prefetch_factor`: None
- `past_index`: -1
- `disable_tqdm`: False
- `remove_unused_columns`: True
- `label_names`: None
- `load_best_model_at_end`: True
- `ignore_data_skip`: False
- `fsdp`: []
- `fsdp_min_num_params`: 0
- `fsdp_config`: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
- `fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap`: None
- `accelerator_config`: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
- `deepspeed`: None
- `label_smoothing_factor`: 0.0
- `optim`: adamw_torch_fused
- `optim_args`: None
- `adafactor`: False
- `group_by_length`: False
- `length_column_name`: length
- `ddp_find_unused_parameters`: None
- `ddp_bucket_cap_mb`: None
- `ddp_broadcast_buffers`: False
- `dataloader_pin_memory`: True
- `dataloader_persistent_workers`: False
- `skip_memory_metrics`: True
- `use_legacy_prediction_loop`: False
- `push_to_hub`: False
- `resume_from_checkpoint`: None
- `hub_model_id`: None
- `hub_strategy`: every_save
- `hub_private_repo`: False
- `hub_always_push`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing_kwargs`: None
- `include_inputs_for_metrics`: False
- `eval_do_concat_batches`: True
- `fp16_backend`: auto
- `push_to_hub_model_id`: None
- `push_to_hub_organization`: None
- `mp_parameters`: 
- `auto_find_batch_size`: False
- `full_determinism`: False
- `torchdynamo`: None
- `ray_scope`: last
- `ddp_timeout`: 1800
- `torch_compile`: False
- `torch_compile_backend`: None
- `torch_compile_mode`: None
- `dispatch_batches`: None
- `split_batches`: None
- `include_tokens_per_second`: False
- `include_num_input_tokens_seen`: False
- `neftune_noise_alpha`: None
- `optim_target_modules`: None
- `batch_eval_metrics`: False
- `batch_sampler`: no_duplicates
- `multi_dataset_batch_sampler`: proportional

</details>

### Training Logs
| Epoch      | Step   | Training Loss | dim_128_cosine_map@100 | dim_256_cosine_map@100 | dim_512_cosine_map@100 | dim_768_cosine_map@100 |
|:----------:|:------:|:-------------:|:----------------------:|:----------------------:|:----------------------:|:----------------------:|
| 0.8122     | 10     | 1.1625        | -                      | -                      | -                      | -                      |
| 0.9746     | 12     | -             | 0.7429                 | 0.7568                 | 0.7688                 | 0.7724                 |
| 1.6244     | 20     | 0.4282        | -                      | -                      | -                      | -                      |
| 1.9492     | 24     | -             | 0.7541                 | 0.7691                 | 0.7802                 | 0.7828                 |
| 2.4365     | 30     | 0.3086        | -                      | -                      | -                      | -                      |
| 2.9239     | 36     | -             | 0.7581                 | 0.7731                 | 0.7810                 | 0.7838                 |
| 3.2487     | 40     | 0.2432        | -                      | -                      | -                      | -                      |
| **3.8985** | **48** | **-**         | **0.7584**             | **0.7739**             | **0.7814**             | **0.7832**             |

* The bold row denotes the saved checkpoint.

### Framework Versions
- Python: 3.10.13
- Sentence Transformers: 3.0.1
- Transformers: 4.41.2
- PyTorch: 2.1.2
- Accelerate: 0.31.0
- Datasets: 2.19.1
- Tokenizers: 0.19.1

## Citation

### BibTeX

#### Sentence Transformers
```bibtex
@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}
```

#### MatryoshkaLoss
```bibtex
@misc{kusupati2024matryoshka,
    title={Matryoshka Representation Learning}, 
    author={Aditya Kusupati and Gantavya Bhatt and Aniket Rege and Matthew Wallingford and Aditya Sinha and Vivek Ramanujan and William Howard-Snyder and Kaifeng Chen and Sham Kakade and Prateek Jain and Ali Farhadi},
    year={2024},
    eprint={2205.13147},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.LG}
}
```

#### MultipleNegativesRankingLoss
```bibtex
@misc{henderson2017efficient,
    title={Efficient Natural Language Response Suggestion for Smart Reply}, 
    author={Matthew Henderson and Rami Al-Rfou and Brian Strope and Yun-hsuan Sung and Laszlo Lukacs and Ruiqi Guo and Sanjiv Kumar and Balint Miklos and Ray Kurzweil},
    year={2017},
    eprint={1705.00652},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.CL}
}
```

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