sentence-transformers pytorch xlm-roberta sentence-similarity feature-extraction generated_from_trainer dataset_size:2400 loss:TripletLoss loss:MultipleNegativesRankingLoss loss:CoSENTLoss arxiv:1908.10084 arxiv:1703.07737 arxiv:1705.00652 base_model:intfloat/multilingual-e5-base base_model:finetune:intfloat/multilingual-e5-base model-index autotrain_compatible text-embeddings-inference endpoints_compatible region:us
---
base_model: intfloat/multilingual-e5-base
datasets: []
language: []
library_name: sentence-transformers
metrics:
- cosine_accuracy
- dot_accuracy
- manhattan_accuracy
- euclidean_accuracy
- max_accuracy
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
tags:
- sentence-transformers
- sentence-similarity
- feature-extraction
- generated_from_trainer
- dataset_size:2400
- loss:TripletLoss
- loss:MultipleNegativesRankingLoss
- loss:CoSENTLoss
widget:
- source_sentence: oppgradering av sikringsskap med nye sikringer
  sentences:
  - 'query: pipearbeid i kjeller'
  - 'query: utskifting av sikringer i sikringsskap'
  - 'query: arkitekttegning av tilbygg'
- source_sentence: Renovere soverom og stue
  sentences:
  - Utvidelse av enebolig
  - Male soverom og stue
  - Pusse opp soverom og stue
- source_sentence: Fjerne vegg-til-vegg teppe, mugg under teppet og legge parkett
  sentences:
  - Legge nytt parkettgulv
  - Rengjøre tepper
  - Installere kjøkkenvifte
- source_sentence: Riving av gammelt kjøkken og montering av nytt kjøkken
  sentences:
  - Installere automatsikringer
  - Pusse opp kjøkken
  - Bytte kjøkken
- source_sentence: Stålrør i pipe
  sentences:
  - Tette lekkasje i pipe
  - Asfaltering av oppkjørsel
  - Gravearbeid i hagen
model-index:
- name: SentenceTransformer based on intfloat/multilingual-e5-base
  results:
  - task:
      type: triplet
      name: Triplet
    dataset:
      name: test triplet evaluation
      type: test-triplet-evaluation
    metrics:
    - type: cosine_accuracy
      value: 0.9140239605355884
      name: Cosine Accuracy
    - type: dot_accuracy
      value: 0.08597603946441155
      name: Dot Accuracy
    - type: manhattan_accuracy
      value: 0.9126145172656801
      name: Manhattan Accuracy
    - type: euclidean_accuracy
      value: 0.9140239605355884
      name: Euclidean Accuracy
    - type: max_accuracy
      value: 0.9140239605355884
      name: Max Accuracy
---

# SentenceTransformer based on intfloat/multilingual-e5-base

This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model finetuned from [intfloat/multilingual-e5-base](https://huggingface.co/intfloat/multilingual-e5-base). It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

## Model Details

### Model Description
- **Model Type:** Sentence Transformer
- **Base model:** [intfloat/multilingual-e5-base](https://huggingface.co/intfloat/multilingual-e5-base) <!-- at revision d13f1b27baf31030b7fd040960d60d909913633f -->
- **Maximum Sequence Length:** 512 tokens
- **Output Dimensionality:** 768 tokens
- **Similarity Function:** Cosine Similarity
<!-- - **Training Dataset:** Unknown -->
<!-- - **Language:** Unknown -->
<!-- - **License:** Unknown -->

### Model Sources

- **Documentation:** [Sentence Transformers Documentation](https://sbert.net)
- **Repository:** [Sentence Transformers on GitHub](https://github.com/UKPLab/sentence-transformers)
- **Hugging Face:** [Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/models?library=sentence-transformers)

### Full Model Architecture

```
SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: XLMRobertaModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
  (2): Normalize()
)
```

## Usage

### Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

```bash
pip install -U sentence-transformers
```

Then you can load this model and run inference.
```python
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("ostoveland/test2")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'Stålrør i pipe',
    'Tette lekkasje i pipe',
    'Gravearbeid i hagen',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 768]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]
```

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## Evaluation

### Metrics

#### Triplet
* Dataset: `test-triplet-evaluation`
* Evaluated with [<code>TripletEvaluator</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.evaluation.TripletEvaluator)

| Metric             | Value     |
|:-------------------|:----------|
| cosine_accuracy    | 0.914     |
| dot_accuracy       | 0.086     |
| manhattan_accuracy | 0.9126    |
| euclidean_accuracy | 0.914     |
| **max_accuracy**   | **0.914** |

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## Training Details

### Training Datasets

#### Unnamed Dataset


* Size: 800 training samples
* Columns: <code>sentence_0</code>, <code>sentence_1</code>, and <code>sentence_2</code>
* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
  |         | sentence_0                                                                       | sentence_1                                                                       | sentence_2                                                                       |
  |:--------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
  | type    | string                                                                           | string                                                                           | string                                                                           |
  | details | <ul><li>min: 3 tokens</li><li>mean: 9.91 tokens</li><li>max: 35 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 4 tokens</li><li>mean: 7.87 tokens</li><li>max: 17 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 4 tokens</li><li>mean: 7.14 tokens</li><li>max: 31 tokens</li></ul> |
* Samples:
  | sentence_0                                                | sentence_1                                     | sentence_2                          |
  |:----------------------------------------------------------|:-----------------------------------------------|:------------------------------------|
  | <code>søknad om dispensasjon fra reguleringsformål</code> | <code>Søknad om byggetillatelse</code>         | <code>Søknad om bruksendring</code> |
  | <code>Mikrosement på bad</code>                           | <code>Påføring av mikrosement i baderom</code> | <code>Flislegging på bad</code>     |
  | <code>Garasje</code>                                      | <code>Bygge garasje</code>                     | <code>Renovere garasje</code>       |
* Loss: [<code>TripletLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#tripletloss) with these parameters:
  ```json
  {
      "distance_metric": "TripletDistanceMetric.EUCLIDEAN",
      "triplet_margin": 5
  }
  ```

#### Unnamed Dataset


* Size: 800 training samples
* Columns: <code>sentence_0</code> and <code>sentence_1</code>
* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
  |         | sentence_0                                                                        | sentence_1                                                                        |
  |:--------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
  | type    | string                                                                            | string                                                                            |
  | details | <ul><li>min: 4 tokens</li><li>mean: 10.36 tokens</li><li>max: 35 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 7 tokens</li><li>mean: 12.36 tokens</li><li>max: 26 tokens</li></ul> |
* Samples:
  | sentence_0                                         | sentence_1                                                         |
  |:---------------------------------------------------|:-------------------------------------------------------------------|
  | <code>Riving av betongtrapp</code>                 | <code>query: demontere betongtrapp</code>                          |
  | <code>vurdering av bærebjelker</code>              | <code>query: inspeksjon av bærebjelker</code>                      |
  | <code>bytte av skrusikringer i sikringsskap</code> | <code>query: oppgradering av sikringsskap med nye sikringer</code> |
* Loss: [<code>MultipleNegativesRankingLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#multiplenegativesrankingloss) with these parameters:
  ```json
  {
      "scale": 20.0,
      "similarity_fct": "cos_sim"
  }
  ```

#### Unnamed Dataset


* Size: 800 training samples
* Columns: <code>sentence_0</code>, <code>sentence_1</code>, and <code>label</code>
* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
  |         | sentence_0                                                                        | sentence_1                                                                       | label                                                           |
  |:--------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------|
  | type    | string                                                                            | string                                                                           | float                                                           |
  | details | <ul><li>min: 4 tokens</li><li>mean: 10.32 tokens</li><li>max: 24 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 4 tokens</li><li>mean: 8.18 tokens</li><li>max: 20 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 0.1</li><li>mean: 0.51</li><li>max: 0.95</li></ul> |
* Samples:
  | sentence_0                                                             | sentence_1                                    | label             |
  |:-----------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------|:------------------|
  | <code>Reparere skader av rekkeverk (metallplater) på en balkong</code> | <code>Installere nytt balkongrekkverk</code>  | <code>0.35</code> |
  | <code>Vannbåren varme - ettermontering</code>                          | <code>Oppgradering til vannbåren varme</code> | <code>0.75</code> |
  | <code>Pusse pipemur</code>                                             | <code>Maling av peis</code>                   | <code>0.15</code> |
* Loss: [<code>CoSENTLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#cosentloss) with these parameters:
  ```json
  {
      "scale": 20.0,
      "similarity_fct": "pairwise_cos_sim"
  }
  ```

### Training Hyperparameters
#### Non-Default Hyperparameters

- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 32
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 32
- `num_train_epochs`: 1
- `multi_dataset_batch_sampler`: round_robin

#### All Hyperparameters
<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>

- `overwrite_output_dir`: False
- `do_predict`: False
- `eval_strategy`: no
- `prediction_loss_only`: True
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 32
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 32
- `per_gpu_train_batch_size`: None
- `per_gpu_eval_batch_size`: None
- `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 1
- `eval_accumulation_steps`: None
- `learning_rate`: 5e-05
- `weight_decay`: 0.0
- `adam_beta1`: 0.9
- `adam_beta2`: 0.999
- `adam_epsilon`: 1e-08
- `max_grad_norm`: 1
- `num_train_epochs`: 1
- `max_steps`: -1
- `lr_scheduler_type`: linear
- `lr_scheduler_kwargs`: {}
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.0
- `warmup_steps`: 0
- `log_level`: passive
- `log_level_replica`: warning
- `log_on_each_node`: True
- `logging_nan_inf_filter`: True
- `save_safetensors`: True
- `save_on_each_node`: False
- `save_only_model`: False
- `restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint`: False
- `no_cuda`: False
- `use_cpu`: False
- `use_mps_device`: False
- `seed`: 42
- `data_seed`: None
- `jit_mode_eval`: False
- `use_ipex`: False
- `bf16`: False
- `fp16`: False
- `fp16_opt_level`: O1
- `half_precision_backend`: auto
- `bf16_full_eval`: False
- `fp16_full_eval`: False
- `tf32`: None
- `local_rank`: 0
- `ddp_backend`: None
- `tpu_num_cores`: None
- `tpu_metrics_debug`: False
- `debug`: []
- `dataloader_drop_last`: False
- `dataloader_num_workers`: 0
- `dataloader_prefetch_factor`: None
- `past_index`: -1
- `disable_tqdm`: False
- `remove_unused_columns`: True
- `label_names`: None
- `load_best_model_at_end`: False
- `ignore_data_skip`: False
- `fsdp`: []
- `fsdp_min_num_params`: 0
- `fsdp_config`: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
- `fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap`: None
- `accelerator_config`: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
- `deepspeed`: None
- `label_smoothing_factor`: 0.0
- `optim`: adamw_torch
- `optim_args`: None
- `adafactor`: False
- `group_by_length`: False
- `length_column_name`: length
- `ddp_find_unused_parameters`: None
- `ddp_bucket_cap_mb`: None
- `ddp_broadcast_buffers`: False
- `dataloader_pin_memory`: True
- `dataloader_persistent_workers`: False
- `skip_memory_metrics`: True
- `use_legacy_prediction_loop`: False
- `push_to_hub`: False
- `resume_from_checkpoint`: None
- `hub_model_id`: None
- `hub_strategy`: every_save
- `hub_private_repo`: False
- `hub_always_push`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing_kwargs`: None
- `include_inputs_for_metrics`: False
- `eval_do_concat_batches`: True
- `fp16_backend`: auto
- `push_to_hub_model_id`: None
- `push_to_hub_organization`: None
- `mp_parameters`: 
- `auto_find_batch_size`: False
- `full_determinism`: False
- `torchdynamo`: None
- `ray_scope`: last
- `ddp_timeout`: 1800
- `torch_compile`: False
- `torch_compile_backend`: None
- `torch_compile_mode`: None
- `dispatch_batches`: None
- `split_batches`: None
- `include_tokens_per_second`: False
- `include_num_input_tokens_seen`: False
- `neftune_noise_alpha`: None
- `optim_target_modules`: None
- `batch_eval_metrics`: False
- `batch_sampler`: batch_sampler
- `multi_dataset_batch_sampler`: round_robin

</details>

### Training Logs
| Epoch | Step | test-triplet-evaluation_max_accuracy |
|:-----:|:----:|:------------------------------------:|
| 1.0   | 75   | 0.9140                               |


### Framework Versions
- Python: 3.10.12
- Sentence Transformers: 3.0.1
- Transformers: 4.41.2
- PyTorch: 2.3.0+cu121
- Accelerate: 0.31.0
- Datasets: 2.20.0
- Tokenizers: 0.19.1

## Citation

### BibTeX

#### Sentence Transformers
```bibtex
@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}
```

#### TripletLoss
```bibtex
@misc{hermans2017defense,
    title={In Defense of the Triplet Loss for Person Re-Identification}, 
    author={Alexander Hermans and Lucas Beyer and Bastian Leibe},
    year={2017},
    eprint={1703.07737},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.CV}
}
```

#### MultipleNegativesRankingLoss
```bibtex
@misc{henderson2017efficient,
    title={Efficient Natural Language Response Suggestion for Smart Reply}, 
    author={Matthew Henderson and Rami Al-Rfou and Brian Strope and Yun-hsuan Sung and Laszlo Lukacs and Ruiqi Guo and Sanjiv Kumar and Balint Miklos and Ray Kurzweil},
    year={2017},
    eprint={1705.00652},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.CL}
}
```

#### CoSENTLoss
```bibtex
@online{kexuefm-8847,
    title={CoSENT: A more efficient sentence vector scheme than Sentence-BERT},
    author={Su Jianlin},
    year={2022},
    month={Jan},
    url={https://kexue.fm/archives/8847},
}
```

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