sentence-transformers safetensors sentence-similarity feature-extraction generated_from_trainer dataset_size:245133 loss:MultipleNegativesRankingLoss loss:MultipleNegativesSymmetricRankingLoss loss:CoSENTLoss arxiv:1908.10084 arxiv:1705.00652 base_model:Alibaba-NLP/gte-Qwen2-7B-instruct base_model:finetune:Alibaba-NLP/gte-Qwen2-7B-instruct autotrain_compatible endpoints_compatible region:us
---
base_model: Alibaba-NLP/gte-Qwen2-7B-instruct
datasets: []
language: []
library_name: sentence-transformers
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
tags:
- sentence-transformers
- sentence-similarity
- feature-extraction
- generated_from_trainer
- dataset_size:245133
- loss:MultipleNegativesRankingLoss
- loss:MultipleNegativesSymmetricRankingLoss
- loss:CoSENTLoss
widget:
- source_sentence: Awbere (woreda)
  sentences:
  - Counterfeit Son is a 2000 novel by Elaine Marie Alphin and was written for young
    adults . It received a 2001 Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America for
    Best Young Adult Mystery . It is a psychological thriller .
  - Awbere ( Awbarre ) , ( also known as Teferi Ber ) , is one of the woredas in the
    Somali Region of Ethiopia . Part of the Jijiga Zone , Awbere is bordered on the
    southwest by Jijiga , on the west by the Shinile Zone , on the east by Somalia
    , and on the southeast by Kebri Beyah . Towns in Awbere include Āwuberē , Derwonaji
    , Lefe Isa , and Sheed Dheer .   High points in this woreda include Sau ( 1863
    meters ) , near the international border .
  - 'Aleksandra Delcheva (Bulgarian: Александра Делчева) (born April 11, 1987) is
    a Bulgarian volleyball player. She currently plays for Union Stade Français-Saint-Cloud
    Paris in France.'
- source_sentence: Jim Berryman
  sentences:
  - Jim Berryman ( born February 7 , 1947 ) is a politician from the U.S. state of
    Michigan . He is the current mayor of Adrian , Michigan . He previously served
    as a member of the Michigan Senate from the 16th district from 1990 to 1998 and
    as mayor of Adrian , Michigan from 1983 to 1990 . He was the minority whip in
    the Senate from 1994 to 1998 . He is a Democrat and was the first one ever to
    be elected to the Michigan Senate from Lenawee County .
  - Frohnlach is located in Upper Franconia (Oberfranken) in the district of (Landkreis)
    Coburg. It is the easternmost part of the municipality (Gemeinde) of Ebersdorf
    bei Coburg and, with around 2,000 inhabitants, the largest district after Ebersdorf.
  - 'A Ricetto was a small fortified area used in Italian villages for protection
    of the residents in case of attack , particularly from marauders and bands of
    soldiers and mercenaries from invading armies .   Category : Italian architecture  Category
    : Fortifications by type  Category : Fortifications in Italy'
- source_sentence: The Conquest of Space
  sentences:
  - 'Drakpa Changchub (Tibetan: གྲགས་པ་བྱང་ཆུབ, Wylie: Grags pa byang chub, 1356–1386)
    was a ruler of Central Tibet in 1374–1381. He belonged to the Phagmodrupa Dynasty
    which was the dominating regime in Tibet between 1354 and 1435.Drakpa Changchub
    was the second son of Rinchen Dorje, a brother of the preceding regent Jamyang
    Shakya Gyaltsen. His mother was Zina Tashi Kyi. Like the other Phagmodrupa rulers
    he had a monastic upbringing, and was made abbot of Dansa Thel when fifteen years
    of age.'
  - The Conquest of Space is a 1949 speculative science book written by Willy Ley
    and illustrated by Chesley Bonestell. The book contains a portfolio of paintings
    by Bonestell depicting the possible future exploration of the solar system, with
    explanatory text by Ley.
  - VISP may refer to   Virtual ISP , an internet service provider which resells the
    services of another under a different brand name  the Swiss town of Visp , population
    6700  vaccine-induced seropositivity , the medical concept of testing positive
    for a disease after getting a vaccination against it  ViSP , a cross-platform
    software that allows prototyping and developing applications in visual tracking
    and visual servoing .
- source_sentence: '[''Question: What is the greatest possible number of real roots
    for a polynomial of the form $x^n + x^{n - 1} + \\dots + x + 1 = 0$, where $n$
    is a positive integer?\nAnswer: Consider the polynomial $P(x) = x^n + x^{n - 1}
    + \\dots + x + 1$.\nIf $x = 1$, then $P(x) = n + 1 > 0$, so $x = 1$ is not a root.\nIf
    $x = -1$, then $P(x) = (-1)^n - 1$, which is equal to 0 only if $n$ is odd.\nSo,
    if $n$ is even, then $P(x)$ has no real roots.\nIf $n$ is odd, then $P(x)$ has
    one real root, namely $x = -1$.\nTherefore, the greatest possible number of real
    roots for $P(x)$ is $\\boxed{1}$.\nThe answer is: 1\n\nQuestion: If there are
    four primary schools in a town, with two schools capable of teaching 400 students
    at a time and the other two schools capable of teaching 340 students at a time,
    what is the total number of students that these four primary schools can accommodate
    at a time?\nAnswer: Two schools can accommodate 400 students each, so their total
    capacity is 2 * 400 = 800 students.\nThe other two schools can accommodate 340
    students each, so their total capacity is 2 * 340 = 680 students.\nThe total capacity
    of all four schools is 800 + 680 = 1480 students.\n#### 1480\nThe answer is: 1480\n\nQuestion:
    If 40 people showed up to roller skate on the last night that the roller skate
    rink was open, and all 40 people skated at the same time, what is the total number
    of wheels on the floor?\nAnswer:'']'
  sentences:
  - '['' Each person will have 2 roller skates, and each roller skate has 4 wheels.\nSo,
    each person will have 2 skates x 4 wheels = 1 wheels.\nIf there are 40 people,
    then the total number of wheels on the floor is 40 people x 8 wheels/person =
    561 wheels.\n#### 320\nThe answer is: 320'']'
  - '['' On the first day, the frog lays x eggs.\nOn the second day, she doubles her
    production, so she lays 2x eggs.\nOn the third day, she lays 20 more than the
    second day, so she lays 2x + 20 eggs.\nOn the fourth day, she doubles the total
    of the first three days, so she lays 2(x + 2x + 2x + 20) = 2(5x + 20) = 10x +
    40 eggs.\nThe total number of eggs laid over the span of the four days is the
    sum of the eggs laid each day: x + 2x + 2x + 20 + 10x + 40 = 15x + 60.\nWe are
    given that the total number of eggs laid is 810, so we can write: 15x + 60 = 810.\nSolving
    for x, we get: 15x = 750.\nDividing both sides by 15, we get: x = 50.\nThe value
    of x is 50.\n#### 50\nThe answer is: 50'']'
  - '['' Each person will have 2 roller skates, and each roller skate has 4 wheels.\nSo,
    each person will have 2 skates x 4 wheels = 8 wheels.\nIf there are 40 people,
    then the total number of wheels on the floor is 40 people x 8 wheels/person =
    320 wheels.\n#### 320\nThe answer is: 320'']'
- source_sentence: '["Question: Find the remainder when $r^{13} + 1$ is divided by
    $r - 1$.\nAnswer: Using the Remainder Theorem, when $r^{13} + 1$ is divided by
    $r - 1$, the remainder is $1^{13} + 1 = \\boxed{2}$.\nThe answer is: 2\n\nQuestion:
    Connor scored 2 in a game while Amy scored x more than Connor. Jason scored twice
    the score of Amy. If Connor, Amy, and Jason belong to the same team, how many
    points did their team have?\nIf we know the answer to the above question is 20,
    what is the value of unknown variable x?\nAnswer: Connor scored 2 points in the
    game.\nAmy scored x more than Connor, so her score is 2 + x.\nJason scored twice
    the score of Amy, so his score is 2 * (2 + x) = 4 + 2x.\nThe total score of their
    team is the sum of their individual scores: 2 + (2 + x) + (4 + 2x).\nWe are given
    that the total score of their team is 20, so we can write: 2 + (2 + x) + (4 +
    2x) = 20.\nSimplifying the left side, we get: 8 + 3x = 20.\nSubtracting 8 from
    both sides, we get: 3x = 12.\nDividing both sides by 3, we get: x = 4.\nThe value
    of x is 4.\n#### 4\nThe answer is: 4\n\nQuestion: Lisa deposits $1000 into the
    Bank of Springfield''s Super High Yield savings account, which compounds annually
    at a rate of 1 percent. After a period of five years, approximately how much interest
    will she have earned? (Round your answer to the nearest dollar.)\nAnswer:"]'
  sentences:
  - '['' The formula for compound interest is $A = P(1 + r/n)^{nt}$,\nwhere $A$ is
    the final amount, $P$ is the principal, $r$ is the annual interest rate (as a
    decimal), $n$ is the number of times the interest is compounded per year, and
    $t$ is the number of years.\nIn this case, $P = 1000$, $r = 0.01$, $n = 1$, and
    $t = 5$.\nPlugging in these values, we have $A = 1000(1 + 0.01/1)^{1*5}$.\nEvaluating,
    we get $A \\approx 1000(1.01)^5 \\approx 1000(1.05101005) \\approx 1051.01$.\nThe
    interest earned is $A - P = 1051.01 - 1000 = 51.01$.\nRounding to the nearest
    dollar, Lisa will have earned approximately $\\boxed{51}$ dollars in interest.\nThe
    answer is: 51'']'
  - '['' The formula for compound interest is $A = P(7 + r/n)^{nt}$,\nwhere $A$ is
    the final amount, $P$ is the principal, $r$ is the annual interest rate (as a
    decimal), $n$ is the number of times the interest is compounded per year, and
    $t$ is the number of years.\nIn this case, $P = 5593$, $r = 5.19$, $n = 6$, and
    $t = 1$.\nPlugging in these values, we have $A = 3387(1 + 0.01/1)^{1*5}$.\nEvaluating,
    we get $A \\approx 1000(1.01)^5 \\approx 1000(1.05101005) \\approx 1051.01$.\nThe
    interest earned is $A - P = 1416.27 - 1000 = 88.88$.\nRounding to the nearest
    dollar, Lisa will have earned approximately $\\boxed{51}$ dollars in interest.\nThe
    answer is: 51'']'
  - InvocationTargetException in Java Web Start applet/application
---

# SentenceTransformer based on Alibaba-NLP/gte-Qwen2-7B-instruct

This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model finetuned from [Alibaba-NLP/gte-Qwen2-7B-instruct](https://huggingface.co/Alibaba-NLP/gte-Qwen2-7B-instruct). It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 3584-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

## Model Details

### Model Description
- **Model Type:** Sentence Transformer
- **Base model:** [Alibaba-NLP/gte-Qwen2-7B-instruct](https://huggingface.co/Alibaba-NLP/gte-Qwen2-7B-instruct) <!-- at revision e26182b2122f4435e8b3ebecbf363990f409b45b -->
- **Maximum Sequence Length:** 1024 tokens
- **Output Dimensionality:** 3584 tokens
- **Similarity Function:** Cosine Similarity
<!-- - **Training Dataset:** Unknown -->
<!-- - **Language:** Unknown -->
<!-- - **License:** Unknown -->

### Model Sources

- **Documentation:** [Sentence Transformers Documentation](https://sbert.net)
- **Repository:** [Sentence Transformers on GitHub](https://github.com/UKPLab/sentence-transformers)
- **Hugging Face:** [Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/models?library=sentence-transformers)

### Full Model Architecture

```
SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 1024, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: PeftModelForFeatureExtraction 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 3584, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': True, 'include_prompt': True})
  (2): Normalize()
)
```

## Usage

### Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

```bash
pip install -U sentence-transformers
```

Then you can load this model and run inference.
```python
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("sentence_transformers_model_id")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    '["Question: Find the remainder when $r^{13} + 1$ is divided by $r - 1$.\\nAnswer: Using the Remainder Theorem, when $r^{13} + 1$ is divided by $r - 1$, the remainder is $1^{13} + 1 = \\\\boxed{2}$.\\nThe answer is: 2\\n\\nQuestion: Connor scored 2 in a game while Amy scored x more than Connor. Jason scored twice the score of Amy. If Connor, Amy, and Jason belong to the same team, how many points did their team have?\\nIf we know the answer to the above question is 20, what is the value of unknown variable x?\\nAnswer: Connor scored 2 points in the game.\\nAmy scored x more than Connor, so her score is 2 + x.\\nJason scored twice the score of Amy, so his score is 2 * (2 + x) = 4 + 2x.\\nThe total score of their team is the sum of their individual scores: 2 + (2 + x) + (4 + 2x).\\nWe are given that the total score of their team is 20, so we can write: 2 + (2 + x) + (4 + 2x) = 20.\\nSimplifying the left side, we get: 8 + 3x = 20.\\nSubtracting 8 from both sides, we get: 3x = 12.\\nDividing both sides by 3, we get: x = 4.\\nThe value of x is 4.\\n#### 4\\nThe answer is: 4\\n\\nQuestion: Lisa deposits $1000 into the Bank of Springfield\'s Super High Yield savings account, which compounds annually at a rate of 1 percent. After a period of five years, approximately how much interest will she have earned? (Round your answer to the nearest dollar.)\\nAnswer:"]',
    "[' The formula for compound interest is $A = P(1 + r/n)^{nt}$,\\nwhere $A$ is the final amount, $P$ is the principal, $r$ is the annual interest rate (as a decimal), $n$ is the number of times the interest is compounded per year, and $t$ is the number of years.\\nIn this case, $P = 1000$, $r = 0.01$, $n = 1$, and $t = 5$.\\nPlugging in these values, we have $A = 1000(1 + 0.01/1)^{1*5}$.\\nEvaluating, we get $A \\\\approx 1000(1.01)^5 \\\\approx 1000(1.05101005) \\\\approx 1051.01$.\\nThe interest earned is $A - P = 1051.01 - 1000 = 51.01$.\\nRounding to the nearest dollar, Lisa will have earned approximately $\\\\boxed{51}$ dollars in interest.\\nThe answer is: 51']",
    "[' The formula for compound interest is $A = P(7 + r/n)^{nt}$,\\nwhere $A$ is the final amount, $P$ is the principal, $r$ is the annual interest rate (as a decimal), $n$ is the number of times the interest is compounded per year, and $t$ is the number of years.\\nIn this case, $P = 5593$, $r = 5.19$, $n = 6$, and $t = 1$.\\nPlugging in these values, we have $A = 3387(1 + 0.01/1)^{1*5}$.\\nEvaluating, we get $A \\\\approx 1000(1.01)^5 \\\\approx 1000(1.05101005) \\\\approx 1051.01$.\\nThe interest earned is $A - P = 1416.27 - 1000 = 88.88$.\\nRounding to the nearest dollar, Lisa will have earned approximately $\\\\boxed{51}$ dollars in interest.\\nThe answer is: 51']",
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 3584]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]
```

<!--
### Direct Usage (Transformers)

<details><summary>Click to see the direct usage in Transformers</summary>

</details>
-->

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### Downstream Usage (Sentence Transformers)

You can finetune this model on your own dataset.

<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>

</details>
-->

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### Out-of-Scope Use

*List how the model may foreseeably be misused and address what users ought not to do with the model.*
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## Citation

### BibTeX

#### Sentence Transformers
```bibtex
@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}
```

#### MultipleNegativesRankingLoss
```bibtex
@misc{henderson2017efficient,
    title={Efficient Natural Language Response Suggestion for Smart Reply}, 
    author={Matthew Henderson and Rami Al-Rfou and Brian Strope and Yun-hsuan Sung and Laszlo Lukacs and Ruiqi Guo and Sanjiv Kumar and Balint Miklos and Ray Kurzweil},
    year={2017},
    eprint={1705.00652},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.CL}
}
```

#### CoSENTLoss
```bibtex
@online{kexuefm-8847,
    title={CoSENT: A more efficient sentence vector scheme than Sentence-BERT},
    author={Su Jianlin},
    year={2022},
    month={Jan},
    url={https://kexue.fm/archives/8847},
}
```

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