sentence-transformers safetensors qwen2 sentence-similarity feature-extraction generated_from_trainer dataset_size:1040 loss:MultipleNegativesRankingLoss custom_code arxiv:1908.10084 arxiv:1705.00652 base_model:NovaSearch/stella_en_1.5B_v5 base_model:finetune:NovaSearch/stella_en_1.5B_v5 autotrain_compatible text-embeddings-inference endpoints_compatible region:us
---
base_model: dunzhang/stella_en_1.5B_v5
library_name: sentence-transformers
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
tags:
- sentence-transformers
- sentence-similarity
- feature-extraction
- generated_from_trainer
- dataset_size:1040
- loss:MultipleNegativesRankingLoss
widget:
- source_sentence: " 3 weeks ago, experienced gradual onset of RIGHT knee pain following\
    \ increased running intensity during marathon training. Pain localized to the\
    \ anterior aspect of the knee, particularly beneath the patella. \n\nNoticed pain\
    \ exacerbates with deep squatting, stair climbing, and when getting up from sitting\
    \ (increased quad activity). Pain rated 6/10 with activities, 3/10 at rest. \n\
    \nActivities that ease discomfort include leg elevation and ice application. \n\
    \nPositive for tenderness upon palpation of the infrapatellar fat pad; crepitus\
    \ noted during full knee extension. No locking or giving way of the joint. \n\n\
    Range of motion: Flexion within normal limits, extension slightly limited due\
    \ to discomfort. \n\nPatient advises sleeping on the right side aggravates symptoms,\
    \ thus has been rolling onto the left. Daily activities not severely impacted,\
    \ but running is now avoided. \n\nNO significant swelling observed, although slight\
    \ warmth felt around the joint. \n\nSHX: \nAge: 34 \nAthletic background: Consistent\
    \ runner, training for a half-marathon. \n\nCurrent management includes: \n- Rest\
    \ from running \n- Ice application post activities \n- Considering physiotherapy\
    \ for rehabilitation and strengthening exercises. \n\nNEXT follow-up scheduled\
    \ in 1 week to reassess symptoms and introduce functional exercises. "
  sentences:
  - 'Condition name: Hoffa''s Syndrome

    Body region: Knee

    Region segments: {""}

    Region sides: {Left,Right,Bilateral}

    Description: Hoffa''s Syndrome, also known as Fat Pad Syndrome, is a condition
    characterized by pain and inflammation in the infrapatellar fat pad, which is
    located under the kneecap (patella). This syndrome typically arises from overuse,
    injury, or direct trauma to the knee, often affecting athletes involved in sports
    that require repetitive knee movement such as running, cycling, and jumping.

    Symptoms: Anterior knee pain, Swelling beneath the kneecap, Tenderness in the
    area of the fat pad, Pain during activities that involve knee bending or straightening,
    Instability in the knee, Difficulty with stair climbing or squatting

    Medical abbreviations: HFS, IRF (Infrapatellar Fat Pad), PFPS (Patellofemoral
    Pain Syndrome), RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation)

    Identifying features: Local tenderness and swelling over the infrapatellar region,
    exacerbated by knee flexion and extension, often with pain on palpation of the
    fat pad.'
  - 'Condition name: Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF)

    Body region: Cervical Spine

    Region segments: {C1,C2,C3,C4,C5,C6,C7,T1}

    Region sides: {Left,Right,Bilateral,Central,N/A}

    Description: Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) is a surgical procedure
    used to relieve pressure on the spinal cord or nerve roots in the cervical spine
    through the removal of a herniated or degenerative intervertebral disc. The procedure
    involves an approach from the front of the neck (anterior), discectomy (removal
    of the disc), and fusion (joining two or more vertebrae together using bone grafts
    or implants to provide stability and prevent further movement at the damaged segment).
    ACDF is commonly indicated for conditions like cervical radiculopathy, myelopathy,
    and disc herniation.

    Symptoms: Neck pain, Arm pain (radiculopathy), Numbness or tingling in the arms
    or fingers, Weakness in the arms or hands, Restricted neck motion, Muscle spasms
    in the neck, Symptoms of myelopathy (e.g., clumsiness, balance issues, bladder/bowel
    dysfunction)

    Medical abbreviations: ACDF (Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion), C-spine
    (Cervical Spine), IVD (Intervertebral Disc), C5-C6 (referring to the specific
    cervical disc between vertebrae C5 and C6), MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

    Identifying features: Identification of cervical disc herniation or degeneration
    through imaging studies (e.g., MRI or CT scan) and clinical findings related to
    nerve root compression such as motor and sensory deficits. The surgery typically
    results in decreased neck and arm pain post-operatively, and improved functional
    mobility.'
  - 'Condition name: Trapezius Muscle Transfer

    Body region: Shoulder

    Region segments: {""}

    Region sides: {Left,Right,Bilateral}

    Description: Trapezius muscle transfer is a surgical procedure often performed
    to restore shoulder function and stabilize the shoulder girdle. This surgery can
    be indicated in cases such as brachial plexus injuries, shoulder dislocations,
    or other conditions where the trapezius muscle has been impaired. The trapezius
    muscle, which spans the upper back and neck, is responsible for moving, rotating,
    and stabilizing the scapula, as well as extending the neck. By transferring the
    muscle''s function to augment other muscles, such as the shoulder stabilizers,
    patients may regain some degree of shoulder mobility and function.

    Symptoms: Shoulder instability, Weakness in shoulder abduction, Limited range
    of motion in the shoulder, Pain in the shoulder area, Difficulty with overhead
    movements

    Medical abbreviations: TMT (Trapezius Muscle Transfer), RROM (Resisted Range of
    Motion), ROM (Range of Motion), EMG (Electromyography), PT (Physiotherapy)

    Identifying features: A surgical scar at the upper back, potential muscle atrophy
    in the trapezius area, observable weakness in shoulder elevation, and compensatory
    movements in the shoulder.'
- source_sentence: " Patient presents with RIGHT elbow pain, ongoing for approximately\
    \ 6-8 weeks. Initially started as a dull ache after repetitive overhead activities\
    \ at work (construction). Gradually worsened in intensity, now describes it as\
    \ sharp pain radiating from the posterior aspect of the shoulder down to the lateral\
    \ forearm.\n\nPatient reports occasional numbness and tingling in the RIGHT hand,\
    \ particularly affecting the ring and little fingers; symptoms are worse after\
    \ prolonged use of the arm, especially during lifting tasks. No reported weakness\
    \ in grip strength but describes difficulty with tasks requiring fine motor skills\
    \ (e.g., buttoning clothes).\n\n24hr pattern:\n- **Nights**: Significant pain\
    \ when bending the arm during sleep, often awakening the patient; prefers to sleep\
    \ with the arm extended.\n- **Mornings**: Stiffness upon waking, improving with\
    \ movement. Feels better after gentle stretching but relapses with activity.\n\
    \nAggravating factors: \n- Repetitive overhead lifting\n- Extended periods of\
    \ arm elevation\n- Sleep positioning (lying on the RIGHT side)\n\nEasing factors:\n\
    - Rest\n- Application of ice\n- Avoiding overhead activities\n\nDENIES any significant\
    \ trauma, fever, or associated swelling in the elbow area. No prior history of\
    \ elbow or shoulder conditions. \n\nSHX:\nAge: 58  \nOccupation: Construction\
    \ worker  \nPrevious treatments: NSAIDs taken occasionally for relief; did not\
    \ try physiotherapy prior to this visit.\n\nFunctional limitations documented,\
    \ including decreased ability to perform work tasks and recreational activities\
    \ (golfing). Patient expresses concern regarding the potential need for surgical\
    \ intervention, but wishes to explore conservative management options first. "
  sentences:
  - 'Condition name: Decompression of the Suprascapular Nerve

    Body region: Elbow

    Region segments: {""}

    Region sides: {Left,Right,Bilateral}

    Description: Decompression of the suprascapular nerve is a surgical procedure
    aimed at relieving pressure on the suprascapular nerve, which can be compressed
    due to factors such as trauma, tumors, or repetitive overhead activities. This
    nerve innervates the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles, which are crucial
    for shoulder movements. When compressed, patients can experience pain and weakness
    in the shoulder, which can lead to decreased function in the upper limb.

    Symptoms: Shoulder pain, Weakness in shoulder abduction and external rotation,
    Atrophy of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles, Referred pain to the elbow,
    Difficulty in overhead movements

    Medical abbreviations: SSN - Suprascapular Nerve, SNR - Suprascapular Nerve Release,
    RTS - Return to Sports

    Identifying features: Patients often present with localized shoulder pain, weakness
    in specific shoulder movements, and atrophy of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus
    muscles upon examination.'
  - 'Condition name: Arthroscopic Debridement

    Body region: Shoulder

    Region segments: {""}

    Region sides: {Left,Right,Bilateral}

    Description: Arthroscopic debridement of the shoulder is a minimally invasive
    surgical procedure performed to clean out damaged tissue, debris, or loose cartilage
    from the shoulder joint. This intervention is most commonly indicated for conditions
    such as shoulder bursitis, rotator cuff tears, or other degenerative shoulder
    diseases which result in the accumulation of debris and inflammation within the
    joint. The procedure is typically performed with the aid of an arthroscope, a
    small camera that allows the surgeon to visualize the inside of the joint on a
    monitor, utilizing small incisions for instrument access.

    Symptoms: Shoulder pain, Limited range of motion, Swelling around the shoulder
    joint, Creaking or popping sounds during movement, Weakness in the shoulder, Difficulty
    performing daily activities involving overhead movements

    Medical abbreviations: ARTHRO, ORIF (Open Reduction Internal Fixation), AC (Acromioclavicular),
    RCT (Rotator Cuff Tear), BMD (Bone Mineral Density), MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

    Identifying features: Patients often present with a history of chronic shoulder
    pain and may exhibit tenderness over the anterior or lateral aspect of the shoulder.
    Physical examination may reveal restricted range of motion, muscle weakness, and
    signs of impingement. Imaging studies such as MRI may show rotator cuff tears
    or degeneration, while the presence of loose bodies or synovitis may be confirmed
    during an arthroscopic evaluation.'
  - 'Condition name: Cubital Tunnel Release

    Body region: Hand & Wrist

    Region segments: {""}

    Region sides: {Left,Right,Bilateral}

    Description: Cubital tunnel release is a surgical procedure designed to alleviate
    pressure on the ulnar nerve at the elbow, which can become compressed or injured,
    leading to various symptoms in the hand and wrist. This procedure is typically
    performed when nonsurgical treatments have failed to improve the condition, which
    may arise from repetitive motions, direct trauma to the elbow, or anatomical variations.
    The surgery aims to relieve symptoms such as pain, tingling, and numbness, allowing
    for better function of the hand and wrist.

    Symptoms: Pain in the inner side of the elbow, Numbness or tingling in the ring
    and little fingers, Weakness in grip strength, Difficulty with fine motor tasks,
    Sensitivity to pressure along the ulnar nerve pathway

    Medical abbreviations: Ulnar Nerve (UN), Cubital Tunnel Syndrome (CTS), Electromyography
    (EMG), Nerve Conduction Study (NCS), Neurolysis (NL)

    Identifying features: Key identifying features include the presence of elbow pain
    localized to the inner side, sensory changes in the ulnar nerve distribution (especially
    in the ring and little fingers), and weakness in hand grip or dexterity. A physical
    examination may reveal a positive Tinel''s sign at the elbow.'
- source_sentence: " 2 weeks post-op from a C6-C7 microdiscectomy. Patient reports\
    \ lingering NECK pain, primarily on the RIGHT side, which has been described as\
    \ a dull ache, intensifying with prolonged sitting or looking down. Pain radiates\
    \ down the RIGHT arm toward the elbow, with occasional tingling in the thumb and\
    \ index finger, but no weakness noted.\n\nCurrent mobility: Patient is experiencing\
    \ moderate stiffness in the neck with reduced ROM, especially in flexion and rotation\
    \ towards the RIGHT. Reports discomfort when turning head to check blind spots\
    \ while driving and during sleep, often waking up when attempting to roll over.\n\
    \nReported activities: Has been compliant with prescribed post-op restrictions\
    \ but attempted light walking (up to 15-20 min daily). No reported issues with\
    \ shoulder abduction or elevation, but hesitant due to past pain. \n\nPain management:\
    \ Utilizes ice and over-the-counter NSAIDs (Ibuprofen 400 mg TID) for pain control,\
    \ with mild relief. \n\nPatient education: Informed on importance of posture and\
    \ ergonomics, especially during prolonged sitting. Discussed positioning strategies\
    \ during sleep to minimize discomfort. Encouraged to begin gentle cervical exercises\
    \ as tolerated.\n\nSHX:\nAge: 45\nOccupation: Office worker, primarily desk-based\
    \ tasks. \n\nNotable: Previous history of cervical radiculopathy for 6 months\
    \ prior to surgery, managed conservatively with PT and chiropractic. No current\
    \ psychological distress or neuritic symptoms apart from prior mentioned. \n\n\
    Physical exam: Cervical spine palpation reveals tenderness at C6-C7. Positive\
    \ Spurling’s test on the RIGHT side. No signs of myelopathy.\n\nNEXT appointment\
    \ in 1 week for reassessment of symptoms and progression to strengthening exercises. "
  sentences:
  - 'Condition name: Cervical Microdiscectomy

    Body region: Cervical Spine

    Region segments: {C1,C2,C3,C4,C5,C6,C7,T1}

    Region sides: {Left,Right,Bilateral,Central,N/A}

    Description: Cervical microdiscectomy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure
    used to remove a herniated disc in the cervical spine (neck) that is pressing
    on spinal nerves or the spinal cord. This procedure is typically performed when
    conservative treatments such as physical therapy, medications, or injections fail
    to relieve symptoms of cervical radiculopathy, such as pain, numbness, or weakness
    in the arms. The aim of this surgery is to alleviate pressure on the affected
    nerve roots, improve mobility, and reduce pain.

    Symptoms: Neck pain, Arm pain (radiculopathy), Numbness or tingling in the arms
    or fingers, Weakness in the arms or hands, Loss of reflexes in the arms, Difficulty
    with coordination or balance (in severe cases)

    Medical abbreviations: C5-C6: Cervical vertebrae levels 5 and 6, MRI: Magnetic
    Resonance Imaging, CT: Computed Tomography, NCS: Nerve Conduction Study, EMG:
    Electromyography

    Identifying features: Common identifying features of cervical microdiscectomy
    include the presence of confirmed cervical disc herniation via imaging studies,
    the patient''s report of arm pain or neurologic deficits, and unsuccessful conservative
    treatment options.'
  - 'Condition name: Neuroma Excision (Morton''s neuroma)

    Body region: Foot & Ankle

    Region segments: {""}

    Region sides: {Left,Right,Bilateral}

    Description: Morton''s neuroma is a painful condition affecting the ball of the
    foot, typically between the third and fourth toes. It occurs when the tissue around
    a nerve leading to the toes thickens, which can be caused by repetitive irritation,
    injury, or pressure from shoes that are too tight. Neuroma excision is a surgical
    procedure to remove the thickened nerve to relieve pain and discomfort.

    Symptoms: Sharp, burning pain in the ball of the foot, Numbness or tingling in
    the toes, Sensation of standing on a pebble, Pain that worsens with activity or
    tight footwear, Relief of symptoms when removing shoes or massaging the foot

    Medical abbreviations: NM, MCN (Morton''s Compression Neuritis), ICD-10: G57.6
    (Morton''s neuropathy)

    Identifying features: Pain localized between the third and fourth toes, typically
    exacerbated by wearing tight shoes or during activity.'
  - 'Condition name: Cervical Foraminoplasty

    Body region: Cervical Spine

    Region segments: {C1,C2,C3,C4,C5,C6,C7,T1}

    Region sides: {Left,Right,Bilateral,Central,N/A}

    Description: Cervical foraminoplasty is a surgical procedure designed to relieve
    pressure on spinal nerves that can result from conditions such as herniated discs,
    bone spurs, or other forms of spinal stenosis in the cervical spine. The procedure
    involves widening the intervertebral foramen, which is the passageway through
    which spinal nerves exit the spinal column. By enlarging this canal, it alleviates
    nerve root compression, helping to reduce pain, weakness, and other neurological
    symptoms. This procedure often follows conservative treatment methods like physiotherapy
    or medication when they fail to provide relief.

    Symptoms: Neck pain, Shoulder pain, Radiating pain down the arms, Numbness or
    tingling in the arms or hands, Muscle weakness in the arm or hand, Reduced range
    of motion in the neck

    Medical abbreviations: C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, T1, MRI (Magnetic Resonance
    Imaging), CT (Computed Tomography), PLIF (Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion),
    ACDF (Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion)

    Identifying features: Identifying features of cervical foraminoplasty include
    a history of cervical radiculopathy, diagnostic imaging revealing foraminal narrowing
    or nerve root compression, and symptomatic relief demonstrated post-surgery through
    reduced pain and improved arm function.'
- source_sentence: " Patient underwent open-heart surgery 6 weeks ago, experiencing\
    \ ongoing THORACIC pain post-sternotomy. Pain localized to the sternal area, described\
    \ as a constant and aching sensation, intensifying with deep breathing, coughing,\
    \ or changing positions. Patient reports a feeling of tightness across the chest\
    \ and difficulty with upper limb movements, especially shoulder flexion and reach\
    \ overhead. \n\nPain scale: 6/10 at rest, 8/10 with movement. No radiating pain\
    \ reported to arms or back. \n\nSleep disturbances noted, particularly when trying\
    \ to lie supine or on the side. Patient prefers to prop up with pillows for support\
    \ during sleep. \n\nMeds: Taking pain medication as prescribed post-operatively,\
    \ with good adherence. \n\nPhysical activity limited; patient has begun gentle\
    \ walking for 10-15 minutes daily, which is tolerable but followed by soreness.\
    \ \n\nNo signs of infection at the sternal closure site, which appears clean and\
    \ dry. \n\nPatient expresses concern about returning to normal daily activities\
    \ and the fear of re-injury.\n\nAge: 65 \nPrior health: Previously active, enjoyed\
    \ swimming and cycling, but limited upper body strength prior to surgery. \n\n\
    Plan: Initiate gradual range of motion exercises for shoulders, focus on diaphragmatic\
    \ breathing techniques to manage pain, monitor healing, and assess for the need\
    \ for further orthopedic evaluation if symptoms persist. Follow-up in 2 weeks. "
  sentences:
  - 'Condition name: Sternal Reconstruction

    Body region: Thoracic

    Region segments: {C7,T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8,T9,T10,T11,T12,L1}

    Region sides: {Left,Right,Bilateral,Central,N/A}

    Description: Sternal reconstruction is a surgical procedure performed to repair
    or replace the sternum (breastbone) typically due to trauma, infection, or after
    surgical resection in cases such as cancer. The sternum serves as a protective
    structure for vital thoracic organs and is integral to the thoracic skeleton.
    The reconstruction process can involve the use of synthetic materials, bone grafts,
    or titanium plates to restore structural integrity and stability to the chest
    area.

    Symptoms: Chest pain, Difficulty breathing, Sternal deformity or instability,
    Increased risk of respiratory infections, Scar tissue formation during healing

    Medical abbreviations: CABG (Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting), CT (Computed Tomography)
    scan, MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), Sternal Closure

    Identifying features: Patients may show signs of sternal instability, abnormal
    chest wall contour, or have visible surgical scars. Diagnostic imaging such as
    X-rays or CT scans may be utilized to assess the sternum''s integrity post-surgery.'
  - 'Condition name: Sternal closure following open-heart surgery or sternotomy

    Body region: Thoracic

    Region segments: {C7,T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8,T9,T10,T11,T12,L1}

    Region sides: {Left,Right,Bilateral,Central,N/A}

    Description: Sternal closure following open-heart surgery or sternotomy involves
    the surgical technique used to close the sternum after it has been surgically
    split to gain access to the heart. Sternotomy is a common procedure in various
    cardiac surgeries, and the closure is done using steel wires, sutures, or bone
    plates. Proper closure is crucial for structural integrity during recovery and
    minimizes complications such as sternum instability or infection.

    Symptoms: Chest pain or discomfort, Limited range of motion in the upper body,
    Swelling around the incision site, Difficulty in deep breathing, Post-surgical
    fatigue, Palpable hardware near the sternum (in some cases)

    Medical abbreviations: CABG (Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting), MVR (Mitral Valve
    Replacement), AVR (Aortic Valve Replacement), CPB (Cardiopulmonary Bypass), ICU
    (Intensive Care Unit), PT (Physical Therapy), OT (Occupational Therapy)

    Identifying features: A recent history of open-heart surgery, visible scar along
    the midline of the chest, tenderness or swelling around the incision area, presence
    of sternal wires or sutures if visible during examination.'
  - 'Condition name: Latarjet Procedure (Coracoid Transfer)

    Body region: Shoulder

    Region segments: {""}

    Region sides: {Left,Right,Bilateral}

    Description: The Latarjet procedure, also known as coracoid transfer, is a surgical
    technique performed to stabilize the shoulder joint, primarily indicated for individuals
    with recurrent shoulder dislocations or significant glenoid bone loss. The procedure
    involves transferring a piece of the coracoid process, along with the attached
    musculotendinous tissue (typically the short head of the biceps), to the anterior
    aspect of the glenoid. This serves to increase the stability of the shoulder by
    augmenting the bony support as well as enhancing soft tissue restraints.

    Symptoms: Recurrent shoulder dislocations or instability, Pain in the shoulder
    joint, Loss of range of motion, Difficulty with overhead activities, Weakness
    in the shoulder, Swelling or tenderness around the shoulder area

    Medical abbreviations: RSD (Recurrent Shoulder Dislocation), GH (Glenohumeral),
    ROM (Range of Motion), AC (Acromioclavicular), RC (Rotator Cuff)

    Identifying features: The Latarjet procedure is characterized by the transfer
    of the coracoid process to the anterior glenoid, which is often identified through
    imaging studies such as MRI or CT. Clinically, patients may present with a specific
    history of anterior shoulder instability or repeated dislocations, requiring surgical
    intervention.'
- source_sentence: " Patient presents with LEFT hand pain following a fall while playing\
    \ basketball 10 days ago. Impact directly on the LEFT hand during an attempt to\
    \ break the fall. Immediate swelling and bruising noted over the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals.\
    \ \n\nReported difficulty with grip strength and hand function, particularly with\
    \ activities of daily living (ADLs) such as opening jars and typing on a keyboard.\
    \ Unable to make a full fist and experiences pain (VAS 7/10) with any movement\
    \ involving finger flexion and extension.\n\nBody chart:\n- Localized tenderness\
    \ over the 2nd and 3rd metacarpal regions\n- Swelling present - moderate; no visible\
    \ deformity noted\n- No neural symptoms; sensation intact across the hand\n- AROM:\
    \ Restricted in MCP flexion (30°-40°), painful and limited in extension\n\nSHX:\n\
    Age: 25\nOccupation: Graphic designer - predominantly desk work\nHobbies: Basketball,\
    \ painting \n\nPatient was advised on RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation)\
    \ protocol initially. Incorporation of splint for support was initiated post-initial\
    \ A&E visit. Currently scheduled for ORIF to stabilize the fracture. \n\nConcerns\
    \ regarding recovery timeframe and return to sport expressed by the patient. Follow-up\
    \ consultations planned post-surgery to assess for rehabilitation progress.\n\n\
    No previous history of fractures or orthopedic injuries. \n\n"
  sentences:
  - 'Condition name: Subtalar Fusion

    Body region: Foot & Ankle

    Region segments: {""}

    Region sides: {Left,Right,Bilateral}

    Description: Subtalar fusion is a surgical procedure that involves the fusion
    of the subtalar joint, which is located below the ankle joint. This joint plays
    a critical role in foot motion and stability, allowing for inversion and eversion
    of the foot. The fusion is usually performed to alleviate chronic pain due to
    conditions such as subtalar joint arthritis, post-traumatic arthritis, or other
    degenerative conditions. By fusing the joint, the motion at that specific site
    is eliminated, which can help reduce pain and improve function in other parts
    of the foot and ankle.

    Symptoms: Chronic pain in the heel or ankle, Swelling around the subtalar joint,
    Stiffness in the foot, Limited range of motion in the ankle, Discomfort during
    activities such as walking or standing

    Medical abbreviations: STJ (Subtalar Joint), ORIF (Open Reduction and Internal
    Fixation), NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs), PT (Physical Therapy),
    ROM (Range of Motion)

    Identifying features: Patients often exhibit significant limitations in foot mobility,
    especially in inversion and eversion movements. There may also be tenderness,
    swelling, and a history of previous foot or ankle injuries or surgeries.'
  - 'Condition name: Metacarpal Fracture ORIF

    Body region: Hand & Wrist

    Region segments: {""}

    Region sides: {Left,Right,Bilateral}

    Description: A metacarpal fracture ORIF (Open Reduction and Internal Fixation)
    is a surgical procedure to repair a fracture in one of the metacarpal bones, which
    are the long bones in the hand located between the wrist and the fingers. This
    type of injury often occurs due to trauma, such as falls, sports injuries, or
    punching an object. ORIF is typically performed to realign the fractured bone
    fragments accurately and stabilize them with plates and screws, allowing for proper
    healing and restoration of function in the hand.

    Symptoms: Pain in the hand or wrist, Swelling and bruising, Deformity of the hand
    (e.g., angulated or rotated finger), Decreased range of motion, Difficulty in
    gripping or pinching, Numbness or tingling (if nerves are affected)

    Medical abbreviations: ORIF - Open Reduction and Internal Fixation, RICE - Rest,
    Ice, Compression, Elevation, ROM - Range of Motion, CT - Computed Tomography (if
    imaging is needed), X-ray - Radiographic imaging to assess the fracture

    Identifying features: Common identifying features of a metacarpal fracture include
    localized swelling and tenderness over the affected metacarpal, a visible deformity
    such as a dorsal angulation of the finger, and limited finger mobility. X-rays
    are crucial in diagnosing the specific type and severity of the fracture.'
  - 'Condition name: Hip Joint Lavage and Debridement

    Body region: Hip

    Region segments: {""}

    Region sides: {Left,Right,Bilateral}

    Description: Hip joint lavage and debridement is a surgical procedure that involves
    the cleaning of the hip joint by flushing it with a sterile fluid and removing
    any debris, such as damaged cartilage, floating bone fragments, or infected tissue.
    This procedure is often performed to alleviate pain and restore function in patients
    with conditions such as osteoarthritis, septic arthritis, or after joint injuries.
    It can be done arthroscopically, allowing for minimal invasiveness and quicker
    recovery compared to open surgery.

    Symptoms: Hip pain, Swelling in the hip area, Stiffness or limited range of motion
    in the hip joint, Loss of function in the hip, Instability or feel of the hip
    joint giving way

    Medical abbreviations: HIP, JD (Joint Debridement), ARTHRO (Arthroscopy), RA (Rheumatoid
    Arthritis), OA (Osteoarthritis)

    Identifying features: Identifying features of patients needing hip joint lavage
    and debridement include a history of hip pain that is persistent or worsening,
    visible swelling or tenderness in the hip area, and limitations in mobility or
    activities due to hip dysfunction. Imaging studies may show joint degeneration
    or the presence of loose bodies within the joint.'
---

# SentenceTransformer based on dunzhang/stella_en_1.5B_v5

This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model finetuned from [dunzhang/stella_en_1.5B_v5](https://huggingface.co/dunzhang/stella_en_1.5B_v5). It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 1024-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

## Model Details

### Model Description
- **Model Type:** Sentence Transformer
- **Base model:** [dunzhang/stella_en_1.5B_v5](https://huggingface.co/dunzhang/stella_en_1.5B_v5) <!-- at revision 221e30586ab5186c4360cbb7aeb643b6efc9d8f8 -->
- **Maximum Sequence Length:** 512 tokens
- **Output Dimensionality:** 1024 dimensions
- **Similarity Function:** Cosine Similarity
<!-- - **Training Dataset:** Unknown -->
<!-- - **Language:** Unknown -->
<!-- - **License:** Unknown -->

### Model Sources

- **Documentation:** [Sentence Transformers Documentation](https://sbert.net)
- **Repository:** [Sentence Transformers on GitHub](https://github.com/UKPLab/sentence-transformers)
- **Hugging Face:** [Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/models?library=sentence-transformers)

### Full Model Architecture

```
SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: Qwen2Model 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 1536, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
  (2): Dense({'in_features': 1536, 'out_features': 1024, 'bias': True, 'activation_function': 'torch.nn.modules.linear.Identity'})
)
```

## Usage

### Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

```bash
pip install -U sentence-transformers
```

Then you can load this model and run inference.
```python
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("Zybg/synthetic-clinical-embedding-model")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    ' Patient presents with LEFT hand pain following a fall while playing basketball 10 days ago. Impact directly on the LEFT hand during an attempt to break the fall. Immediate swelling and bruising noted over the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals. \n\nReported difficulty with grip strength and hand function, particularly with activities of daily living (ADLs) such as opening jars and typing on a keyboard. Unable to make a full fist and experiences pain (VAS 7/10) with any movement involving finger flexion and extension.\n\nBody chart:\n- Localized tenderness over the 2nd and 3rd metacarpal regions\n- Swelling present - moderate; no visible deformity noted\n- No neural symptoms; sensation intact across the hand\n- AROM: Restricted in MCP flexion (30°-40°), painful and limited in extension\n\nSHX:\nAge: 25\nOccupation: Graphic designer - predominantly desk work\nHobbies: Basketball, painting \n\nPatient was advised on RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation) protocol initially. Incorporation of splint for support was initiated post-initial A&E visit. Currently scheduled for ORIF to stabilize the fracture. \n\nConcerns regarding recovery timeframe and return to sport expressed by the patient. Follow-up consultations planned post-surgery to assess for rehabilitation progress.\n\nNo previous history of fractures or orthopedic injuries. \n\n',
    'Condition name: Metacarpal Fracture ORIF\nBody region: Hand & Wrist\nRegion segments: {""}\nRegion sides: {Left,Right,Bilateral}\nDescription: A metacarpal fracture ORIF (Open Reduction and Internal Fixation) is a surgical procedure to repair a fracture in one of the metacarpal bones, which are the long bones in the hand located between the wrist and the fingers. This type of injury often occurs due to trauma, such as falls, sports injuries, or punching an object. ORIF is typically performed to realign the fractured bone fragments accurately and stabilize them with plates and screws, allowing for proper healing and restoration of function in the hand.\nSymptoms: Pain in the hand or wrist, Swelling and bruising, Deformity of the hand (e.g., angulated or rotated finger), Decreased range of motion, Difficulty in gripping or pinching, Numbness or tingling (if nerves are affected)\nMedical abbreviations: ORIF - Open Reduction and Internal Fixation, RICE - Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation, ROM - Range of Motion, CT - Computed Tomography (if imaging is needed), X-ray - Radiographic imaging to assess the fracture\nIdentifying features: Common identifying features of a metacarpal fracture include localized swelling and tenderness over the affected metacarpal, a visible deformity such as a dorsal angulation of the finger, and limited finger mobility. X-rays are crucial in diagnosing the specific type and severity of the fracture.',
    'Condition name: Subtalar Fusion\nBody region: Foot & Ankle\nRegion segments: {""}\nRegion sides: {Left,Right,Bilateral}\nDescription: Subtalar fusion is a surgical procedure that involves the fusion of the subtalar joint, which is located below the ankle joint. This joint plays a critical role in foot motion and stability, allowing for inversion and eversion of the foot. The fusion is usually performed to alleviate chronic pain due to conditions such as subtalar joint arthritis, post-traumatic arthritis, or other degenerative conditions. By fusing the joint, the motion at that specific site is eliminated, which can help reduce pain and improve function in other parts of the foot and ankle.\nSymptoms: Chronic pain in the heel or ankle, Swelling around the subtalar joint, Stiffness in the foot, Limited range of motion in the ankle, Discomfort during activities such as walking or standing\nMedical abbreviations: STJ (Subtalar Joint), ORIF (Open Reduction and Internal Fixation), NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs), PT (Physical Therapy), ROM (Range of Motion)\nIdentifying features: Patients often exhibit significant limitations in foot mobility, especially in inversion and eversion movements. There may also be tenderness, swelling, and a history of previous foot or ankle injuries or surgeries.',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 1024]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]
```

<!--
### Direct Usage (Transformers)

<details><summary>Click to see the direct usage in Transformers</summary>

</details>
-->

<!--
### Downstream Usage (Sentence Transformers)

You can finetune this model on your own dataset.

<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>

</details>
-->

<!--
### Out-of-Scope Use

*List how the model may foreseeably be misused and address what users ought not to do with the model.*
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## Bias, Risks and Limitations

*What are the known or foreseeable issues stemming from this model? You could also flag here known failure cases or weaknesses of the model.*
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### Recommendations

*What are recommendations with respect to the foreseeable issues? For example, filtering explicit content.*
-->

## Training Details

### Training Dataset

#### Unnamed Dataset


* Size: 1,040 training samples
* Columns: <code>anchor</code> and <code>positive</code>
* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
  |         | anchor                                                                                | positive                                                                              |
  |:--------|:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
  | type    | string                                                                                | string                                                                                |
  | details | <ul><li>min: 205 tokens</li><li>mean: 283.37 tokens</li><li>max: 403 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 195 tokens</li><li>mean: 281.71 tokens</li><li>max: 470 tokens</li></ul> |
* Samples:
  | anchor                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  | positive                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
  |:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
  | <code> Patient presents following a fall at home 5 days ago, where they struck their face against a hard surface. Notable tenderness on the LEFT side of the face, particularly over the zygomatic arch and maxilla. Swelling evident in the LEFT periorbital region with some ecchymosis present.<br><br>Reported severe pain when attempting to open the mouth, rated 7/10 at worst, and pain on palpation of the left maxillary sinus area. Limited range of motion (ROM) with mouth opening approximating to 30mm, rather than the normative 40-50mm. <br><br>Exam reveals asymmetry with LEFT deviation of the mandible on opening. No neurological symptoms noted; however, patient does report episodes of tinnitus since the fall. <br><br>Not feeling dizzy but has experienced some headaches over the past 3 days, exacerbated by bending forward. <br><br>Does report some difficulty in eating solids due to pain, preferring soft foods. No history of dental trauma, and no changes in vision noted.<br><br>Patient is currently using ice packs to manage sw...</code>                                  | <code>Condition name: Facial Fractures<br>Body region: Face/Head/Jaw<br>Region segments: {""}<br>Region sides: {Left,Right,Bilateral,Central,N/A}<br>Description: Facial fractures refer to breaks in the bones of the face and are commonly associated with trauma from accidents, falls, sports, or violence. These fractures can affect various parts of the face including the nasal bones, maxilla (upper jaw), mandible (lower jaw), zygomatic bones (cheekbones), and orbits (eye sockets). The extent of the fracture can range from a simple crack to complex fractures involving multiple facial bones.<br>Symptoms: Facial swelling, Bruising around the eyes, nose, or cheeks, Pain at the fracture site, Deformity of the face, Difficulty opening or closing the mouth, Nasal bleeding or obstruction, Numbness or tingling in facial areas, Dental issues, such as loose or misaligned teeth<br>Medical abbreviations: FX - Fracture, MVA - Motor Vehicle Accident, CT - Computed Tomography, UT - Upper Teeth, LT - Lower Teeth, ZMC - Zygomatic...</code>    |
  | <code> Presented with RIGHT elbow pain after a fall 2 weeks ago while playing basketball. Direct impact to the elbow upon landing. Immediate pain and swelling noted. Unable to fully extend or flex the elbow since the incident.<br><br>Body chart:<br>- Right lateral elbow tenderness<br>- Limited ROM noted: Flexion is 30 degrees, Extension is -10 degrees from full extension.<br>- Palpable bony deformity over the lateral aspect of the elbow.<br>- NO neurovascular compromise; sensation intact in the radial, ulnar, and median nerve distributions.<br><br>24hr symptom pattern: <br>- Pain worsens with any movement or weight-bearing activities, particularly when trying to use the arm.<br>- Night pain present, often wakes up due to discomfort.<br><br>Aggs: Any attempts to lift or carry objects, especially with elbow flexion.<br>Ease: Resting the arm in a sling and applying ice.<br><br>SHX:<br>- Age: 25<br>- Occupation: Student-athlete<br>- Regularly engaged in basketball (4-5 times/week).<br><br>Reported no previous history of elbow issues.  <br>Has been taking OT...</code> | <code>Condition name: Elbow Fracture<br>Body region: Elbow<br>Region segments: {""}<br>Region sides: {Left,Right,Bilateral}<br>Description: An elbow fracture is a common injury that occurs when one of the bones in the elbow joint breaks. This can involve the humerus (the upper bone of the arm), the radius, or the ulna (the two bones of the forearm). Elbow fractures often result from falls, direct blows to the elbow, or accidents like sports injuries.<br>Symptoms: Severe pain at the elbow, Swelling around the elbow joint, Inability to move the elbow or forearm, Deformity of the elbow (in cases of displaced fractures), Bruising around the elbow, Tenderness when touching the elbow<br>Medical abbreviations: Fx (Fracture), Humeral Fracture (HF), Radius Fracture (RF), Ulna Fracture (UF), ORIF (Open Reduction Internal Fixation)<br>Identifying features: Elbow fractures can be identified by localized pain, swelling, and bruising around the joint. Visible deformity may occur in more severe fractures. Diagnostic imaging, s...</code> |
  | <code> Patient presents with a complaint of pelvic heaviness and pressure, ongoing for approximately 2 months. Notable increase in symptoms during prolonged standing and following physical activity, such as walking and lifting. States feeling “a bulging sensation” in the vaginal area, particularly after being active. <br><br>Hesitant to engage in high-impact exercises due to fear of exacerbating symptoms. Reports some difficulty initiating urination but no evidence of dysuria or hematuria. Experiences occasional urinary incontinence, especially with coughing or sneezing. Reports increased frequency of urination, needing to void every 1-2 hours during the day, but no nocturia. <br><br>Menstrual history is regular, with LMP 1 week ago. Noted heightened symptomatology during menstruation. Denies any significant lower abdominal pain or discomfort. <br><br>Body chart reflects pelvic discomfort, with no radiation of pain to the back or legs. No bowel issues reported. <br><br>Sleep quality is fair; occasionally disturbed ...</code>                                        | <code>Condition name: Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP)<br>Body region: Pelvis<br>Region segments: {S1,S2,S3,S4,S5,Coccyx}<br>Region sides: {Left,Right,Central,Bilateral,N/A}<br>Description: Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) is a condition where pelvic organs such as the bladder, uterus, or rectum descend from their normal positions into the vagina due to weakness in the pelvic floor muscles and connective tissue. This can lead to physical discomfort and may cause urinary, bowel, and sexual function issues.<br>Symptoms: A feeling of heaviness or pressure in the pelvic region, A bulge or protrusion in the vagina, Difficulty in urination or incomplete emptying of the bladder, Urinary incontinence (leakage), Bowel problems such as constipation or straining, Pain during sexual intercourse, Lower back pain<br>Medical abbreviations: POP (Pelvic Organ Prolapse), UI (Urinary Incontinence), PELVIC (Pelvic Exam and Lift for the Injured Chamber)<br>Identifying features: The identification of POP typically includes physical examination...</code> |
* Loss: [<code>MultipleNegativesRankingLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#multiplenegativesrankingloss) with these parameters:
  ```json
  {
      "scale": 20.0,
      "similarity_fct": "cos_sim"
  }
  ```

### Evaluation Dataset

#### Unnamed Dataset


* Size: 260 evaluation samples
* Columns: <code>anchor</code> and <code>positive</code>
* Approximate statistics based on the first 260 samples:
  |         | anchor                                                                                | positive                                                                              |
  |:--------|:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
  | type    | string                                                                                | string                                                                                |
  | details | <ul><li>min: 205 tokens</li><li>mean: 288.07 tokens</li><li>max: 389 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 202 tokens</li><li>mean: 281.85 tokens</li><li>max: 425 tokens</li></ul> |
* Samples:
  | anchor                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | positive                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
  |:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
  | <code> 3 weeks post-operative from LEFT Total Hip Arthroplasty. Patient reports persistent pain in the LEFT hip region, particularly around the greater trochanter and along the lateral thigh. Pain is rated 5/10 at rest and increases to 7/10 with ambulation or transitional movements (e.g., standing up from sitting, going from lying to sitting). <br><br>Subjective findings indicate mild swelling at the surgical site, although incision appears clean with no signs of infection. Using a walker for ambulation but is more confident in partial weight-bearing. <br><br>Patient reports difficulty with activities of daily living (ADLs), particularly dressing and putting on shoes. Struggles to find a comfortable sleeping position, often waking during the night due to discomfort. <br><br>Aggs: Weight-bearing activities and twisting movements. <br>Ease: Rest and avoiding affected movements. <br><br>Is currently on a regimen of pain medication (celecoxib) and reports fair control with occasional breakthrough pain. <br><br>Previous history ...</code>                                     | <code>Condition name: Total Hip Replacement (Total Hip Arthroplasty)<br>Body region: Hip<br>Region segments: {""}<br>Region sides: {Left,Right,Bilateral}<br>Description: Total Hip Replacement (THR), also known as Total Hip Arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure in which a damaged hip joint is replaced with a prosthetic implant. This condition often arises due to severe arthritis, fractures, or other degenerative diseases that result in pain and loss of function in the hip joint.<br>Symptoms: Severe hip pain that limits daily activities, Stiffness in the hip joint, Swelling and inflammation in the hip area, Decreased range of motion in the hip, Difficulty walking or bearing weight on the affected side<br>Medical abbreviations: THR, THA, OA (Osteoarthritis), RA (Rheumatoid Arthritis), AVN (Avascular Necrosis)<br>Identifying features: The procedure is characterized by surgical intervention to remove the damaged bone and cartilage of the hip joint and replace it with artificial components, typically made of metal, pl...</code> |
  | <code> Patient underwent LEFT hip resurfacing 3 weeks ago. Post-op period has included moderate pain localized to the LEFT hip, particularly exacerbated with weight-bearing activities and transitions from sitting to standing. <br><br>Initial recovery was uneventful, but in the past week, increased discomfort has been noted, especially when walking longer distances or attempting stairs. Describes pain level as 6/10 during activity and relieved to 2/10 with rest.<br><br>Body chart: <br>- LEFT hip pain radiating to lateral thigh <br>- NO referred pain down leg or to the groin <br>- NO swelling around the hip joint <br><br>24-hour pattern: <br>- More intense pain towards the evening after activity <br>- Sleep disrupted due to discomfort when rolling onto LEFT side <br><br>Aggs: <br>- Weight-bearing activities—prolonged standing or walking > 10 minutes <br>- Rising from sitting positions (e.g., getting up from chair) <br>- Stairs are particularly painful <br><br>Eases: <br>- Resting and using ice <br>- Elevation helps with swelling <br><br>SHX: <br>Active lifestyl...</code> | <code>Condition name: Hip Resurfacing<br>Body region: Hip<br>Region segments: {""}<br>Region sides: {Left,Right,Bilateral}<br>Description: Hip resurfacing is a type of hip surgery aimed at resurfacing the hip joint socket and femoral head primarily for the treatment of hip arthritis and to relieve pain. It involves placing a metal cap over the femoral head and a metal cup in the acetabulum, allowing for greater preservation of bone compared to traditional hip replacement. This procedure is often recommended for younger, more active patients who may place higher demands on their hip joint.<br>Symptoms: Persistent hip pain during daily activities, Reduced range of motion in the hip joint, Stiffness in the hip area, Pain when walking, climbing stairs, or standing up from a seated position, Swelling in the hip joint<br>Medical abbreviations: THR - Total Hip Replacement, HR - Hip Resurfacing, OA - Osteoarthritis, AR - Avascular Necrosis, ROM - Range of Motion<br>Identifying features: Typically indicated for younger p...</code> |
  | <code> 6 weeks post hip arthroscopy for labral repair --> still experiencing persistent pain at the ANTERIOR hip/groin area. Pain began as a dull ache but has progressed to a sharp sensation, particularly during ambulation and when seated for prolonged periods.<br><br>Reports intermittent swelling around the hip joint, especially after physical activity. Noted a significant increase in discomfort with activities such as rising from a seated position, stair climbing, and putting on shoes. <br><br>Body chart indicates pain radiating only to the medial thigh, with occasional clicking sensations during hip flexion and extension. Has not noticed any knee symptoms.<br><br>24hr pain pattern: <br>- AM: mild discomfort upon waking.<br>- PM: pain intensifies throughout the day with increased activity, leading to difficulty sleeping at night.<br><br>Aggs: prolonged sitting, weight-bearing activities, and hip flexion.<br>Ease: rest and ice application provide temporary relief.<br><br>SHX: <br>Age: 35 <br>Occupation: IT professional, desk job. <br>Exe...</code>                      | <code>Condition name: Hip Arthroscopy<br>Body region: Hip<br>Region segments: {""}<br>Region sides: {Left,Right,Bilateral}<br>Description: Hip arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to diagnose and treat various hip joint conditions by inserting a small camera (arthroscope) and surgical instruments through small incisions in the skin. This technique provides orthopedic surgeons with a better view of the internal structures of the hip joint without the need for large incisions. Common conditions treated with hip arthroscopy include labral tears, femoroacetabular impingement, loose bodies, and hip joint infection.<br>Symptoms: Hip pain, often worsening with activity, Stiffness in the hip joint, Reduced range of motion, Swelling in the hip area, Locking or clicking sensations in the hip, Pain radiating to the groin or thigh<br>Medical abbreviations: FAI - Femoroacetabular Impingement, CAM - Cam-type Impingement, Pincer - Pincer-type Impingement, MR - Magnetic Resonance, OA - Osteoarthritis, ...</code>    |
* Loss: [<code>MultipleNegativesRankingLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#multiplenegativesrankingloss) with these parameters:
  ```json
  {
      "scale": 20.0,
      "similarity_fct": "cos_sim"
  }
  ```

### Training Hyperparameters
#### Non-Default Hyperparameters

- `eval_strategy`: steps
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 4
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 4
- `num_train_epochs`: 1
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.1
- `batch_sampler`: no_duplicates

#### All Hyperparameters
<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>

- `overwrite_output_dir`: False
- `do_predict`: False
- `eval_strategy`: steps
- `prediction_loss_only`: True
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 4
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 4
- `per_gpu_train_batch_size`: None
- `per_gpu_eval_batch_size`: None
- `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 1
- `eval_accumulation_steps`: None
- `torch_empty_cache_steps`: None
- `learning_rate`: 5e-05
- `weight_decay`: 0.0
- `adam_beta1`: 0.9
- `adam_beta2`: 0.999
- `adam_epsilon`: 1e-08
- `max_grad_norm`: 1.0
- `num_train_epochs`: 1
- `max_steps`: -1
- `lr_scheduler_type`: linear
- `lr_scheduler_kwargs`: {}
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.1
- `warmup_steps`: 0
- `log_level`: passive
- `log_level_replica`: warning
- `log_on_each_node`: True
- `logging_nan_inf_filter`: True
- `save_safetensors`: True
- `save_on_each_node`: False
- `save_only_model`: False
- `restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint`: False
- `no_cuda`: False
- `use_cpu`: False
- `use_mps_device`: False
- `seed`: 42
- `data_seed`: None
- `jit_mode_eval`: False
- `use_ipex`: False
- `bf16`: False
- `fp16`: False
- `fp16_opt_level`: O1
- `half_precision_backend`: auto
- `bf16_full_eval`: False
- `fp16_full_eval`: False
- `tf32`: None
- `local_rank`: 0
- `ddp_backend`: None
- `tpu_num_cores`: None
- `tpu_metrics_debug`: False
- `debug`: []
- `dataloader_drop_last`: False
- `dataloader_num_workers`: 0
- `dataloader_prefetch_factor`: None
- `past_index`: -1
- `disable_tqdm`: False
- `remove_unused_columns`: True
- `label_names`: None
- `load_best_model_at_end`: False
- `ignore_data_skip`: False
- `fsdp`: []
- `fsdp_min_num_params`: 0
- `fsdp_config`: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
- `fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap`: None
- `accelerator_config`: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
- `deepspeed`: None
- `label_smoothing_factor`: 0.0
- `optim`: adamw_torch
- `optim_args`: None
- `adafactor`: False
- `group_by_length`: False
- `length_column_name`: length
- `ddp_find_unused_parameters`: None
- `ddp_bucket_cap_mb`: None
- `ddp_broadcast_buffers`: False
- `dataloader_pin_memory`: True
- `dataloader_persistent_workers`: False
- `skip_memory_metrics`: True
- `use_legacy_prediction_loop`: False
- `push_to_hub`: False
- `resume_from_checkpoint`: None
- `hub_model_id`: None
- `hub_strategy`: every_save
- `hub_private_repo`: None
- `hub_always_push`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing_kwargs`: None
- `include_inputs_for_metrics`: False
- `include_for_metrics`: []
- `eval_do_concat_batches`: True
- `fp16_backend`: auto
- `push_to_hub_model_id`: None
- `push_to_hub_organization`: None
- `mp_parameters`: 
- `auto_find_batch_size`: False
- `full_determinism`: False
- `torchdynamo`: None
- `ray_scope`: last
- `ddp_timeout`: 1800
- `torch_compile`: False
- `torch_compile_backend`: None
- `torch_compile_mode`: None
- `dispatch_batches`: None
- `split_batches`: None
- `include_tokens_per_second`: False
- `include_num_input_tokens_seen`: False
- `neftune_noise_alpha`: None
- `optim_target_modules`: None
- `batch_eval_metrics`: False
- `eval_on_start`: False
- `use_liger_kernel`: False
- `eval_use_gather_object`: False
- `average_tokens_across_devices`: False
- `prompts`: None
- `batch_sampler`: no_duplicates
- `multi_dataset_batch_sampler`: proportional

</details>

### Training Logs
| Epoch  | Step | Training Loss | Validation Loss |
|:------:|:----:|:-------------:|:---------------:|
| 0.0385 | 10   | 0.036         | -               |
| 0.0769 | 20   | 0.0717        | -               |
| 0.1154 | 30   | 0.0233        | 0.2490          |
| 0.1538 | 40   | 0.09          | -               |
| 0.1923 | 50   | 0.0631        | -               |
| 0.2308 | 60   | 0.0096        | 0.2757          |
| 0.2692 | 70   | 0.3798        | -               |
| 0.3077 | 80   | 0.0664        | -               |
| 0.3462 | 90   | 0.0639        | 0.2422          |
| 0.3846 | 100  | 0.0691        | -               |
| 0.4231 | 110  | 0.0508        | -               |
| 0.4615 | 120  | 0.2456        | 0.2142          |
| 0.5    | 130  | 0.063         | -               |
| 0.5385 | 140  | 0.1313        | -               |
| 0.5769 | 150  | 0.0093        | 0.2973          |
| 0.6154 | 160  | 0.1985        | -               |
| 0.6538 | 170  | 0.2355        | -               |
| 0.6923 | 180  | 0.101         | 0.1778          |
| 0.7308 | 190  | 0.2024        | -               |
| 0.7692 | 200  | 0.3009        | -               |
| 0.8077 | 210  | 0.2728        | 0.1088          |
| 0.8462 | 220  | 0.1924        | -               |
| 0.8846 | 230  | 0.0244        | -               |
| 0.9231 | 240  | 0.2055        | 0.1000          |
| 0.9615 | 250  | 0.1733        | -               |
| 1.0    | 260  | 0.1696        | -               |
| 0.0385 | 10   | 0.0007        | -               |
| 0.0769 | 20   | 0.0022        | -               |
| 0.1154 | 30   | 0.0382        | 0.1758          |
| 0.1538 | 40   | 0.0236        | -               |
| 0.1923 | 50   | 0.0402        | -               |
| 0.2308 | 60   | 0.2946        | 0.3465          |
| 0.2692 | 70   | 0.2266        | -               |
| 0.3077 | 80   | 0.1332        | -               |
| 0.3462 | 90   | 0.1662        | 0.1861          |
| 0.3846 | 100  | 0.0339        | -               |
| 0.4231 | 110  | 0.0098        | -               |
| 0.4615 | 120  | 0.0879        | 0.2918          |
| 0.5    | 130  | 0.1185        | -               |
| 0.5385 | 140  | 0.1465        | -               |
| 0.5769 | 150  | 0.0038        | 0.2732          |
| 0.6154 | 160  | 0.2557        | -               |
| 0.6538 | 170  | 0.0707        | -               |
| 0.6923 | 180  | 0.0739        | 0.2430          |
| 0.7308 | 190  | 0.2852        | -               |
| 0.7692 | 200  | 0.0698        | -               |
| 0.8077 | 210  | 0.2043        | 0.1183          |
| 0.8462 | 220  | 0.0928        | -               |
| 0.8846 | 230  | 0.0246        | -               |
| 0.9231 | 240  | 0.2329        | 0.1263          |
| 0.9615 | 250  | 0.2844        | -               |
| 1.0    | 260  | 0.1629        | -               |
| 0.0385 | 10   | 0.002         | -               |
| 0.0769 | 20   | 0.0137        | -               |
| 0.1154 | 30   | 0.0018        | -               |
| 0.1538 | 40   | 0.0113        | -               |
| 0.1923 | 50   | 0.0895        | -               |
| 0.2308 | 60   | 0.0156        | 0.2252          |
| 0.2692 | 70   | 0.0887        | -               |
| 0.3077 | 80   | 0.0245        | -               |
| 0.3462 | 90   | 0.0749        | -               |
| 0.3846 | 100  | 0.2955        | -               |
| 0.4231 | 110  | 0.0587        | -               |
| 0.4615 | 120  | 0.1734        | 0.2610          |
| 0.5    | 130  | 0.0189        | -               |
| 0.5385 | 140  | 0.062         | -               |
| 0.5769 | 150  | 0.0135        | -               |
| 0.6154 | 160  | 0.1299        | -               |
| 0.6538 | 170  | 0.215         | -               |
| 0.6923 | 180  | 0.0643        | 0.2472          |
| 0.7308 | 190  | 0.1132        | -               |
| 0.7692 | 200  | 0.2207        | -               |
| 0.8077 | 210  | 0.2621        | -               |
| 0.8462 | 220  | 0.0306        | -               |
| 0.8846 | 230  | 0.0354        | -               |
| 0.9231 | 240  | 0.1327        | 0.1602          |
| 0.9615 | 250  | 0.1205        | -               |
| 1.0    | 260  | 0.1285        | -               |


### Framework Versions
- Python: 3.10.12
- Sentence Transformers: 3.3.1
- Transformers: 4.47.0
- PyTorch: 2.1.0+cu118
- Accelerate: 1.2.0
- Datasets: 3.2.0
- Tokenizers: 0.21.0

## Citation

### BibTeX

#### Sentence Transformers
```bibtex
@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}
```

#### MultipleNegativesRankingLoss
```bibtex
@misc{henderson2017efficient,
    title={Efficient Natural Language Response Suggestion for Smart Reply},
    author={Matthew Henderson and Rami Al-Rfou and Brian Strope and Yun-hsuan Sung and Laszlo Lukacs and Ruiqi Guo and Sanjiv Kumar and Balint Miklos and Ray Kurzweil},
    year={2017},
    eprint={1705.00652},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.CL}
}
```

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