transformers pytorch tensorboard safetensors m2m_100 text2text-generation machine translation iva virtual assistants natural-language-understanding nlu pl en dataset:cartesinus/iva_mt_wslot doi:10.57967/hf/1045 license:mit co2_eq_emissions autotrain_compatible endpoints_compatible region:us
---
datasets:
- cartesinus/iva_mt_wslot
language:
- pl
- en
license: mit
metrics:
- bleu
tags:
- machine translation
- iva
- virtual assistants
- natural-language-understanding
- nlu
co2_eq_emissions:
  emissions: 0.68
model-index:
- name: iva_mt_wslot-m2m100_418M-0.1.0
  results: []
---

<!-- This model card has been generated automatically according to the information the Trainer had access to. You
should probably proofread and complete it, then remove this comment. -->

# iva_mt_wslot-m2m100_418M-0.1.0 en-pl

This model is a fine-tuned version of [facebook/m2m100_418M](https://huggingface.co/facebook/m2m100_418M) on the
[iva_mt_wslot](https://huggingface.co/datasets/cartesinus/iva_mt_wslot) dataset. It achieves the following results:

1) On the test set (iva_mt):
- BLEU (plain text): 39.1560
- BLEU (with slots): 63.8767
- F1 score: (in preparation)

For reference BLEU for baseline m2m100-418M (plain text) was 21.9468. Second result (63.8767) is when tags are treated as "normal" words in sentence. Therefore that result 
might be a bit misleading. Please refer to plain text results if you are not sure how to interpret them.

2) WMT20 (en2pl):
- BLEU (lowercased, tags removed): 15.0863
- BLEU for baseline m2m100-418M (plain text): 20.2750

For reference WMT20 submission systems in en-pl direction had between 25 and 30 BLEU
   
3) BLEU on the evaluation set (same as in below table 'Training results'): 61.6249

4) On the training set (to see how it adjusted to train):
- BLEU (plain text): 70.5597
- BLEU (with slots): 93.8200

BLEU was measured with [sacreBLEU](https://github.com/mjpost/sacrebleu) library.

## Model description, intended uses & limitations

Model is biased towards virtual assistant (IVA) sentences in prediction/translation. These sentences are short, imperatives with a lot of name entities (slots) and 
particular vocabulary (for example settings name). It can be observed in above results where WMT results are very low while in-domain test is very high.

This model will most probably force IVA translations on your text. As long as sentences that you are translating are more or less similar to massive and leyzer domains it
will be ok. If you will translate out-of-domain sentenences (such as for example News, Medical) that are not very similar then results will drop significantly up to the
point where baseline m2m100-418M will be better than this model.

This model will generate tags in output even if there is not tag in input sentence. Frequency of this depends on input text origin. When testing IVA utterances this occurs 
between 3 and 5%. When WMT20 was translated it happened in 40% cases (input text was from News domain).
This is not very severe problem and it can be fixed easily in post-processing (simple `sed 's/<[a-z]>//g'` should be enough in most cases).

Translations with slot annotation very often differ from same sentences when slots are removed. This is quite frequent and it happens between 30 and 50% of translated
utterances. For example there will be a difference between "is it raining in barcelona" and "is it raining in \<a\>barcelona\<a\>". In second case model will more likely
localize name of city to some Polish name (here Lublin, because such city was given in Massive train set). This might be useful if you want to generate more variants.

One last thing that needs to be mentioned is that BLEU is not particulary good metric to evaluate IVA sentences due to their length and it should be evalued with other
metrices (e.g. [GLEU](https://aclanthology.org/P15-2097.pdf)).

## How to use

First please make sure to install `pip install transformers`. First download model: 

```python
from transformers import M2M100ForConditionalGeneration, M2M100Tokenizer
import torch

def translate(input_text, lang):
    input_ids = tokenizer(input_text, return_tensors="pt")
    generated_tokens = model.generate(**input_ids, forced_bos_token_id=tokenizer.get_lang_id(lang))
    return tokenizer.batch_decode(generated_tokens, skip_special_tokens=True)

model_name = "cartesinus/iva_mt_wslot-m2m100_418M-0.1.0"
tokenizer = M2M100Tokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name, src_lang="en", tgt_lang="pl")
model = M2M100ForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained(model_name)
```

Then you can translate either plan text like this:
```python
print(translate("set the temperature on my thermostat", "pl"))
```
or you can translate with slot annotations that will be restored in tgt language:
```python
print(translate("wake me up at <a>nine am<a> on <b>friday<b>", "pl")) #translation: obudź mnie o <a>piątej rano<a> <b>w tym tygodniu<b>
```
Limitations of translation with slot transfer:
1) Annotated words must be placed between semi-xml tags like this "this is \<a\>example\<a\>"
2) There is no closing tag for example "\<\a\>" in above example - this is done on purpose to ommit problems with backslash escape
3) If sentence consists of more than one slot then simply use next alphabet letter. For example "this is \<a\>example\<a\> with more than \<b\>one\<b\> slot"
4) Please do not add space before first or last annotated word because this particular model was trained this way and it most probably will lower it's results 


## Training and evaluation data

## Dataset Composition (en-pl)
| Corpus                                                               | Train  | Dev   | Test  |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------|--------|-------|-------|
| [Massive 1.1](https://huggingface.co/datasets/AmazonScience/massive) | 11514  | 2033  | 2974  |
| [Leyzer 0.2.0](https://github.com/cartesinus/leyzer/tree/0.2.0)      | 3974   | 701   | 1380  |
| [OpenSubtitles from OPUS](https://opus.nlpl.eu/OpenSubtitles-v1.php) | 2329   | 411   | 500   |
| [KDE from OPUS](https://opus.nlpl.eu/KDE4.php)                       | 1154   | 241   | 241   |
| [CCMatrix from Opus](https://opus.nlpl.eu/CCMatrix.php)              | 1096   | 232   | 237   |
| [Ubuntu from OPUS](https://opus.nlpl.eu/Ubuntu.php)                  | 281    | 60    | 59    |
| [Gnome from OPUS](https://opus.nlpl.eu/GNOME.php)                    | 14     | 3     | 3     |
| *total*                                                              | 20362  | 3681  | 5394  |

## Training procedure

### Training hyperparameters

The following hyperparameters were used during training:
- learning_rate: 2e-05
- train_batch_size: 4
- eval_batch_size: 4
- seed: 42
- optimizer: Adam with betas=(0.9,0.999) and epsilon=1e-08
- lr_scheduler_type: linear
- num_epochs: 10
- mixed_precision_training: Native AMP

### Training results

| Training Loss | Epoch | Step  | Validation Loss | BLEU    | Gen Len |
|:-------------:|:-----:|:-----:|:---------------:|:-------:|:-------:|
| 0.0178        | 1.0   | 5091  | 0.0171          | 57.4439 | 21.1396 |
| 0.013         | 2.0   | 10182 | 0.0159          | 58.886  | 21.2285 |
| 0.0091        | 3.0   | 15273 | 0.0157          | 60.159  | 21.1222 |
| 0.0073        | 4.0   | 20364 | 0.0159          | 60.5893 | 21.1212 |
| 0.0054        | 5.0   | 25455 | 0.0161          | 60.6484 | 21.0679 |
| 0.004         | 6.0   | 30546 | 0.0166          | 61.5283 | 21.0875 |
| 0.0031        | 7.0   | 35637 | 0.0169          | 61.0439 | 21.1562 |
| 0.0024        | 8.0   | 40728 | 0.0172          | 61.9427 | 21.2203 |
| 0.0018        | 9.0   | 45819 | 0.0175          | 61.7325 | 21.1478 |
| 0.0014        | 10.0  | 50910 | 0.0176          | 61.6249 | 21.157  |


### Framework versions

- Transformers 4.26.1
- Pytorch 1.13.1+cu116
- Datasets 2.10.1
- Tokenizers 0.13.2

## Citation

If you use this model, please cite the following:
```
@article{Sowanski2023SlotLI,
  title={Slot Lost in Translation? Not Anymore: A Machine Translation Model for Virtual Assistants with Type-Independent Slot Transfer},
  author={Marcin Sowanski and Artur Janicki},
  journal={2023 30th International Conference on Systems, Signals and Image Processing (IWSSIP)},
  year={2023},
  pages={1-5}
}
```