sentence-transformers safetensors bert sentence-similarity feature-extraction generated_from_trainer dataset_size:2636 loss:MatryoshkaLoss loss:MultipleNegativesRankingLoss arxiv:1908.10084 arxiv:2205.13147 arxiv:1705.00652 base_model:Snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-l base_model:finetune:Snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-l autotrain_compatible text-embeddings-inference endpoints_compatible region:us
---
base_model: Snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-l
library_name: sentence-transformers
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
tags:
- sentence-transformers
- sentence-similarity
- feature-extraction
- generated_from_trainer
- dataset_size:2636
- loss:MatryoshkaLoss
- loss:MultipleNegativesRankingLoss
widget:
- source_sentence: Why is it important to obtain travel insurance that includes coverage
    for medical evacuation and hospital stays?
  sentences:
  - Laws and culture
  - 'Mpox vaccinesSexual health and travelHIV and AIDS: Travel health adviceMedical
    services and facilitiesGood health care is limited in availability. Public health
    care has deteriorated, which has placed increased pressure on private facilities
    which are now low on supplies and extremely costly.Payment is required in advance
    of treatment.Emergency and ambulance services are very limited and response times
    are slow, especially in rural areas.Make sure you get travel insurance that includes
    coverage for medical evacuation and hospital stays.Health and safety outside CanadaMedicationThere
    is a severe shortage of pharmaceutical drugs throughout the country.Some medicines
    are no longer available in hospitals. Most hospital pharmacies and'
  - 'Mpox vaccinesSexual health and travelHIV and AIDS: Travel health adviceTuberculosisTuberculosis
    is an infection caused by bacteria and usually affects the lungs.

    For most travellers the risk of tuberculosis is low.

    Travellers who may be at high risk while travelling in regions with risk of tuberculosis
    should discuss pre- and post-travel options with a health care professional.

    High-risk travellers include those visiting or working in prisons, refugee camps,
    homeless shelters, or hospitals, or travellers visiting friends and relatives.HIV
    HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that attacks and impairs the immune
    system, resulting in a chronic, progressive illness known as AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency
    Syndrome).'
- source_sentence: What precautions should travelers take regarding their personal
    belongings while in Freetown?
  sentences:
  - particularly in Freetown, especially in these areas:Eastern FreetownLumley roundaboutLumley
    Beach at nightDuring your trip:keep your personal belongings, including your passport
    and other travel documents, in a secure placedon’t show signs of affluence or
    wear expensive jewellerydon’t carry large sums of cash or valuables unnecessarilyViolent
    crimeAlthough incidents are mostly opportunistic, violent crime remains a concern.
    Armed robberies, carjackings and burglaries have occurred in foreigner’s homes.
    There is a heightened risk of serious crime after dark.During your stay:avoid
    going out after darkavoid isolated areaskeep doors and windows locked at all timesavoid
    confrontationdon't resist an attackDemonstrationsDemonstrations occur
  - +233 (0) 302 21 15 55Emailaccra-cs@international.gc.caInternethttps://www.international.gc.ca/country-pays/ghana/accra.aspx?lang=engFacebookHigh
    Commission of Canada to Ghana, Togo and Sierra LeoneTwitter@CanHCGhanaConsular
    districtSierra Leone, TogoAppointment  Book your appointment onlineFor emergency
    consular assistance, call the High Commission of Canada in Ghana, in Accra, and
    follow the instructions. At any time, you may also contact the Emergency Watch
    and Response Centre in Ottawa.
  - "If you need consular assistance while abroad, we will make every effort to help\
    \ you. However, there may be constraints that will limit the ability of the Government\
    \ of Canada to provide services. \nLearn more about consular services."
- source_sentence: What precautions should individuals take when demonstrations are
    occurring in Sierra Leone?
  sentences:
  - 'Before travelling, verify your destination’s COVID-19 vaccination entry/exit
    requirements. Regardless of where you are going, talk to a health care professional
    before travelling to make sure you are adequately protected against COVID-19.
    Influenza The best way to protect yourself from seasonal influenza (flu) is to
    get vaccinated every year. Get the flu shot at least 2 weeks before travelling.
     

     The flu occurs worldwide.'
  - occur occasionally. Even peaceful demonstrations can turn violent at any time.
    They can also lead to disruptions to traffic and public transportation.Avoid areas
    where demonstrations and large gatherings are taking placeFollow the instructions
    of local authoritiesMonitor local media for information on ongoing demonstrationsMass
    gatherings (large-scale events)TerrorismSierra Leone has not been targeted by
    terrorist groups recently, but the country remains vulnerable to terrorist groups
    active in neighbouring countries. Terrorist attacks cannot be ruled out.Targets
    could include:government buildingsschoolsplaces of worshippublic areas such as
    tourist attractions, restaurants, bars, coffee shops, shopping centres, markets,
    hotels and other
  - your child to the Swedish court.If you are in this situation:act as quickly as
    you cancontact the Central Authority for your province or territory of residence
    for information on starting an application under The Hague Conventionconsult a
    lawyer in Canada and in Sweden to explore all the legal options for the return
    of your childreport the situation to the nearest Canadian government office abroad
    or to the Vulnerable Children's Consular Unit at Global Affairs Canada by calling
    the Emergency Watch and Response CentreIf your child was removed from a country
    other than Canada, consult a lawyer to determine if The Hague Convention applies.Be
    aware that Canadian consular officials cannot interfere in private legal matters
    or in another
- source_sentence: What are the symptoms caused by the chikungunya virus?
  sentences:
  - 'In the Northern Hemisphere, the flu season usually runs from November to   April.

     In the Southern Hemisphere, the flu season usually runs between April and   October.

     In the tropics, there is flu activity year round.'
  - "The virus that causes chikungunya is spread through the bite of an infected mosquito.\
    \ It can cause fever and pain in the joints. In some cases, the joint pain can\
    \ be severe and last for months or years.\nProtect yourself from mosquito bites\
    \ at all times.\nLearn more:\nInsect bite and pest preventionChikungunyaDengue\
    \ \nIn this country, risk of dengue is sporadic. It is a viral disease spread\
    \ to humans by mosquito bites.\nDengue can cause flu-like symptoms. In some cases,\
    \ it can lead to severe dengue, which can be fatal.\nThe level of risk of dengue\
    \ changes seasonally, and varies from year to year. The level of risk also varies\
    \ between regions in a country and can depend on the elevation in the region."
  - 'Health

    Relevant Travel Health NoticesGlobal Measles Notice - 13 March, 2024COVID-19 and
    International Travel - 13 March, 2024This section has information and advice about
    health risks you might face when travelling. Following this advice can help reduce
    your risk of getting sick. Not all risks are listed here.It''s best to talk to
    a healthcare provider or visit a travel health clinic preferably 6 weeks before
    your trip to get personalized health advice. Even if your travel date is coming
    up soon, it''s still worthwhile to make an appointment.Routine vaccines

    Make sure your routine vaccinations are up-to-date before you travel, no matter
    where you’re going.'
- source_sentence: What are the recommended methods for cleaning your hands to reduce
    the spread of infectious diseases?
  sentences:
  - 'To reduce your risk of getting sick, avoid contact with animals like stray dogs,
    livestock (such as pigs and cows), monkeys, snakes, rodents, birds, and bats.
    Avoid eating undercooked meat.

    Make sure to closely watch children; they are more likely to try to touch animals.Person-to-person
    infections

    When travelling, you can reduce your risk of getting or spreading respiratory
    infections, like the flu or COVID-19, by:


    staying at your accommodation and limiting contact with others if you’re sick

    wearing a well-fitting mask, especially: 


    if you’re sick and need to be around others 

    when you’re at large indoor events or in crowded settings, like sporting events,
    concerts, and airports'
  - 'cleaning your hands regularly with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, or
    using hand sanitizer containing at least 60% alcohol

    covering your coughs and sneezes with a tissue or your elbow, not your hands


    Mass gatherings (large-scale events)Clean your hands to help reduce the spread
    of infectious diseasesRespiratory infectious diseases: How to reduce the spread
    with personal protective measures

    To lower your risk of getting sexually transmissible infections (STIs), HIV, and
    mpox, you can:


    get vaccinated against mpox if you’re eligible

    have fewer sexual partners

    use protection during sexual activity, like condoms and dental dams.'
  - immigration) have harassed and extorted money from travellers. If you experience
    such problems, report the incident to the Canadian embassy to Colombia, in Bogotá.Police
    response times are poor or non-existent in most parts of the country, and most
    reported crimes don’t result in prosecution.Ensure that your belongings, including
    your passport and other travel documents, are secure at all timesDon’t show signs
    of affluence or display valuables, particularly jewellery and electronics, including
    cell phonesAvoid carrying large sums of cash and keep foreign currency out of
    sightMaintain a low profile and remain aware of your surroundings at all timesKidnappingExpress
    kidnappings are frequent and can occur anywhere in the country. Victims are
---

# SentenceTransformer based on Snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-l

This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model finetuned from [Snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-l](https://huggingface.co/Snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-l). It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 1024-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

## Model Details

### Model Description
- **Model Type:** Sentence Transformer
- **Base model:** [Snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-l](https://huggingface.co/Snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-l) <!-- at revision d8fb21ca8d905d2832ee8b96c894d3298964346b -->
- **Maximum Sequence Length:** 512 tokens
- **Output Dimensionality:** 1024 dimensions
- **Similarity Function:** Cosine Similarity
<!-- - **Training Dataset:** Unknown -->
<!-- - **Language:** Unknown -->
<!-- - **License:** Unknown -->

### Model Sources

- **Documentation:** [Sentence Transformers Documentation](https://sbert.net)
- **Repository:** [Sentence Transformers on GitHub](https://github.com/UKPLab/sentence-transformers)
- **Hugging Face:** [Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/models?library=sentence-transformers)

### Full Model Architecture

```
SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: BertModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 1024, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': True, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
  (2): Normalize()
)
```

## Usage

### Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

```bash
pip install -U sentence-transformers
```

Then you can load this model and run inference.
```python
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("bharath25911/travel_advisory-ft")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'What are the recommended methods for cleaning your hands to reduce the spread of infectious diseases?',
    'cleaning your hands regularly with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, or using hand sanitizer containing at least 60% alcohol\ncovering your coughs and sneezes with a tissue or your elbow, not your hands\n\nMass gatherings (large-scale events)Clean your hands to help reduce the spread of infectious diseasesRespiratory infectious diseases: How to reduce the spread with personal protective measures\nTo lower your risk of getting sexually transmissible infections (STIs), HIV, and mpox, you can:\n\nget vaccinated against mpox if you’re eligible\nhave fewer sexual partners\nuse protection during sexual activity, like condoms and dental dams.',
    'To reduce your risk of getting sick, avoid contact with animals like stray dogs, livestock (such as pigs and cows), monkeys, snakes, rodents, birds, and bats. Avoid eating undercooked meat.\nMake sure to closely watch children; they are more likely to try to touch animals.Person-to-person infections\nWhen travelling, you can reduce your risk of getting or spreading respiratory infections, like the flu or COVID-19, by:\n\nstaying at your accommodation and limiting contact with others if you’re sick\nwearing a well-fitting mask, especially:\xa0\n\nif you’re sick and need to be around others\xa0\nwhen you’re at large indoor events or in crowded settings, like sporting events, concerts, and airports',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 1024]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]
```

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<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>

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## Training Details

### Training Dataset

#### Unnamed Dataset

* Size: 2,636 training samples
* Columns: <code>sentence_0</code> and <code>sentence_1</code>
* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
  |         | sentence_0                                                                        | sentence_1                                                                         |
  |:--------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
  | type    | string                                                                            | string                                                                             |
  | details | <ul><li>min: 9 tokens</li><li>mean: 17.36 tokens</li><li>max: 40 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 4 tokens</li><li>mean: 99.16 tokens</li><li>max: 254 tokens</li></ul> |
* Samples:
  | sentence_0                                                                                   | sentence_1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
  |:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
  | <code>What specific travel advisories are currently in place for Sierra Leone?</code>        | <code>Travel advice and advisories for Sierra Leone<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>Skip to main content<br><br><br>Skip to "About this site"<br><br><br><br><br><br>Language selection<br><br>Français<br><br><br><br><br> Government of Canada / Gouvernement du Canada<br><br><br>Search Travel.gc.ca<br><br><br>Search website<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>Search<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>Menu<br>Main Menu <br><br>Jobs and the workplace<br>Immigration and citizenship<br>Travel and tourism<br>Business and industry<br>Benefits<br>Health<br>Taxes<br>Environment and natural resources<br>National security and defence<br>Culture, history and sport<br>Policing, justice and emergencies<br>Transport and infrastructure<br>Canada and the world<br>Money and finances<br>Science and innovation<br><br><br><br><br>You are here:<br><br><br>Canada.ca<br>Travel<br>Destinations<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> Sierra Leone travel advice</code> |
  | <code>Where can travelers find more information about travel advice for Sierra Leone?</code> | <code>Travel advice and advisories for Sierra Leone<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>Skip to main content<br><br><br>Skip to "About this site"<br><br><br><br><br><br>Language selection<br><br>Français<br><br><br><br><br> Government of Canada / Gouvernement du Canada<br><br><br>Search Travel.gc.ca<br><br><br>Search website<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>Search<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>Menu<br>Main Menu <br><br>Jobs and the workplace<br>Immigration and citizenship<br>Travel and tourism<br>Business and industry<br>Benefits<br>Health<br>Taxes<br>Environment and natural resources<br>National security and defence<br>Culture, history and sport<br>Policing, justice and emergencies<br>Transport and infrastructure<br>Canada and the world<br>Money and finances<br>Science and innovation<br><br><br><br><br>You are here:<br><br><br>Canada.ca<br>Travel<br>Destinations<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> Sierra Leone travel advice</code> |
  | <code>What is the recommended level of caution for travelers in Sierra Leone?</code>         | <code>Exercise a high degree of caution<br><br><br><br><br>Latest updates: Editorial change<br>Last updated: February 18, 2025 15:41 ET<br><br><br><br><br><br><br>On this page<br><br>Risk level<br>Safety and security<br>Entry and exit requirements<br>Health<br>Laws and culture<br>Natural disasters and climate<br><br>Need help?<br><br><br><br><br>Risk level<br><br><br>Sierra Leone - Exercise a high degree of cautionExercise a high degree of caution in Sierra Leone due to crime.<br><br><br><br> Back to top</code>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
* Loss: [<code>MatryoshkaLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#matryoshkaloss) with these parameters:
  ```json
  {
      "loss": "MultipleNegativesRankingLoss",
      "matryoshka_dims": [
          768,
          512,
          256,
          128,
          64
      ],
      "matryoshka_weights": [
          1,
          1,
          1,
          1,
          1
      ],
      "n_dims_per_step": -1
  }
  ```

### Training Hyperparameters
#### Non-Default Hyperparameters

- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 10
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 10
- `num_train_epochs`: 10
- `multi_dataset_batch_sampler`: round_robin

#### All Hyperparameters
<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>

- `overwrite_output_dir`: False
- `do_predict`: False
- `eval_strategy`: no
- `prediction_loss_only`: True
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 10
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 10
- `per_gpu_train_batch_size`: None
- `per_gpu_eval_batch_size`: None
- `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 1
- `eval_accumulation_steps`: None
- `torch_empty_cache_steps`: None
- `learning_rate`: 5e-05
- `weight_decay`: 0.0
- `adam_beta1`: 0.9
- `adam_beta2`: 0.999
- `adam_epsilon`: 1e-08
- `max_grad_norm`: 1
- `num_train_epochs`: 10
- `max_steps`: -1
- `lr_scheduler_type`: linear
- `lr_scheduler_kwargs`: {}
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.0
- `warmup_steps`: 0
- `log_level`: passive
- `log_level_replica`: warning
- `log_on_each_node`: True
- `logging_nan_inf_filter`: True
- `save_safetensors`: True
- `save_on_each_node`: False
- `save_only_model`: False
- `restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint`: False
- `no_cuda`: False
- `use_cpu`: False
- `use_mps_device`: False
- `seed`: 42
- `data_seed`: None
- `jit_mode_eval`: False
- `use_ipex`: False
- `bf16`: False
- `fp16`: False
- `fp16_opt_level`: O1
- `half_precision_backend`: auto
- `bf16_full_eval`: False
- `fp16_full_eval`: False
- `tf32`: None
- `local_rank`: 0
- `ddp_backend`: None
- `tpu_num_cores`: None
- `tpu_metrics_debug`: False
- `debug`: []
- `dataloader_drop_last`: False
- `dataloader_num_workers`: 0
- `dataloader_prefetch_factor`: None
- `past_index`: -1
- `disable_tqdm`: False
- `remove_unused_columns`: True
- `label_names`: None
- `load_best_model_at_end`: False
- `ignore_data_skip`: False
- `fsdp`: []
- `fsdp_min_num_params`: 0
- `fsdp_config`: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
- `fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap`: None
- `accelerator_config`: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
- `deepspeed`: None
- `label_smoothing_factor`: 0.0
- `optim`: adamw_torch
- `optim_args`: None
- `adafactor`: False
- `group_by_length`: False
- `length_column_name`: length
- `ddp_find_unused_parameters`: None
- `ddp_bucket_cap_mb`: None
- `ddp_broadcast_buffers`: False
- `dataloader_pin_memory`: True
- `dataloader_persistent_workers`: False
- `skip_memory_metrics`: True
- `use_legacy_prediction_loop`: False
- `push_to_hub`: False
- `resume_from_checkpoint`: None
- `hub_model_id`: None
- `hub_strategy`: every_save
- `hub_private_repo`: None
- `hub_always_push`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing_kwargs`: None
- `include_inputs_for_metrics`: False
- `include_for_metrics`: []
- `eval_do_concat_batches`: True
- `fp16_backend`: auto
- `push_to_hub_model_id`: None
- `push_to_hub_organization`: None
- `mp_parameters`: 
- `auto_find_batch_size`: False
- `full_determinism`: False
- `torchdynamo`: None
- `ray_scope`: last
- `ddp_timeout`: 1800
- `torch_compile`: False
- `torch_compile_backend`: None
- `torch_compile_mode`: None
- `dispatch_batches`: None
- `split_batches`: None
- `include_tokens_per_second`: False
- `include_num_input_tokens_seen`: False
- `neftune_noise_alpha`: None
- `optim_target_modules`: None
- `batch_eval_metrics`: False
- `eval_on_start`: False
- `use_liger_kernel`: False
- `eval_use_gather_object`: False
- `average_tokens_across_devices`: False
- `prompts`: None
- `batch_sampler`: batch_sampler
- `multi_dataset_batch_sampler`: round_robin

</details>

### Training Logs
| Epoch  | Step | Training Loss |
|:------:|:----:|:-------------:|
| 1.8939 | 500  | 0.6994        |
| 3.7879 | 1000 | 0.3863        |
| 5.6818 | 1500 | 0.2867        |
| 7.5758 | 2000 | 0.3228        |
| 9.4697 | 2500 | 0.3022        |


### Framework Versions
- Python: 3.11.11
- Sentence Transformers: 3.4.1
- Transformers: 4.48.3
- PyTorch: 2.5.1+cu124
- Accelerate: 1.3.0
- Datasets: 3.3.2
- Tokenizers: 0.21.0

## Citation

### BibTeX

#### Sentence Transformers
```bibtex
@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}
```

#### MatryoshkaLoss
```bibtex
@misc{kusupati2024matryoshka,
    title={Matryoshka Representation Learning},
    author={Aditya Kusupati and Gantavya Bhatt and Aniket Rege and Matthew Wallingford and Aditya Sinha and Vivek Ramanujan and William Howard-Snyder and Kaifeng Chen and Sham Kakade and Prateek Jain and Ali Farhadi},
    year={2024},
    eprint={2205.13147},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.LG}
}
```

#### MultipleNegativesRankingLoss
```bibtex
@misc{henderson2017efficient,
    title={Efficient Natural Language Response Suggestion for Smart Reply},
    author={Matthew Henderson and Rami Al-Rfou and Brian Strope and Yun-hsuan Sung and Laszlo Lukacs and Ruiqi Guo and Sanjiv Kumar and Balint Miklos and Ray Kurzweil},
    year={2017},
    eprint={1705.00652},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.CL}
}
```

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