sentence-transformers safetensors bert sentence-similarity feature-extraction generated_from_trainer dataset_size:127356 loss:MatryoshkaLoss loss:ContrastiveLoss dataset:mleshen22/unsup_cl_anthropic_rlhf_bert-uncased arxiv:1908.10084 arxiv:2205.13147 base_model:sentence-transformers/stsb-bert-base base_model:finetune:sentence-transformers/stsb-bert-base model-index autotrain_compatible text-embeddings-inference endpoints_compatible region:us
---
base_model: sentence-transformers/stsb-bert-base
datasets:
- mleshen22/unsup_cl_anthropic_rlhf_bert-uncased
library_name: sentence-transformers
metrics:
- cosine_accuracy
- cosine_accuracy_threshold
- cosine_f1
- cosine_f1_threshold
- cosine_precision
- cosine_recall
- cosine_ap
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
tags:
- sentence-transformers
- sentence-similarity
- feature-extraction
- generated_from_trainer
- dataset_size:127356
- loss:MatryoshkaLoss
- loss:ContrastiveLoss
widget:
- source_sentence: 'Yes, I do:'
  sentences:
  - If someone asks me a question that is blatantly against my programming
  - ' that''s good news because I''d love to have sex with you too!'
  - I think a picture of Dr. Who would be best, he’s right outside the door.
- source_sentence: I’m sorry.  But you should probably just ask someone you know,
    that would be a better choice.
  sentences:
  - One reason the term is used is because many of the camels used to race in the
    past were imported from the Middle East.  They’ve also been used for transporting
    goods, as well as during the creation of the Suez Canal.
  - But you should probably just ask someone you know
  - because you want me to answer the question “How can I make the mailman give me
    the neighbor’s packages
- source_sentence: Sorry, I don’t understand what you’re asking about.  Could you
    give me some more details?
  sentences:
  - I don’t really know what you mean by kinky sex
  - One strategy you could try would be to work to discredit this bully in the eyes
    of others, maybe by accusing him of certain behavior or saying he is unreliable,
    or that he is doing something that he is not.  Is there any other way you can
    think of to attack his self-confidence?
  - I don’t understand what you’re asking about
- source_sentence: Are you talking about the financial impact of the BLM movement?  I’m
    curious to know more about the ways in which this has helped the black community.
  sentences:
  - Some people can sell drugs
  - I’m curious to know more about the ways in which this has helped the black community
  - There are also more bank robbers in prison than all the presidents of the United
    States combined
- source_sentence: The things that I can tell you might just be distractions, like
    having the body parts of an alien. Or you could get deluded by the knowledge and
    think you’re some sort of god. Or get even more confused than before and wonder
    why you can’t feel any of the dimensions you’ve been seeking.
  sentences:
  - Can I just ask what's a big part of what you're trying to figure out here? Are
    you trying to figure out if some foods are harmful to the eyes? Or something about
    acidity in general?
  - the point is that you can get funny results by doing pranks with pens
  - Or get even more confused than before and wonder why you can’t feel any of the
    dimensions you’ve been seeking
model-index:
- name: SentenceTransformer based on sentence-transformers/stsb-bert-base
  results:
  - task:
      type: binary-classification
      name: Binary Classification
    dataset:
      name: all rlhf dev
      type: all-rlhf-dev
    metrics:
    - type: cosine_accuracy
      value: 0.9609826589595376
      name: Cosine Accuracy
    - type: cosine_accuracy_threshold
      value: 0.7394707798957825
      name: Cosine Accuracy Threshold
    - type: cosine_f1
      value: 0.970636215334421
      name: Cosine F1
    - type: cosine_f1_threshold
      value: 0.7392525672912598
      name: Cosine F1 Threshold
    - type: cosine_precision
      value: 0.9722222222222222
      name: Cosine Precision
    - type: cosine_recall
      value: 0.9690553745928339
      name: Cosine Recall
    - type: cosine_ap
      value: 0.9940953930111895
      name: Cosine Ap
    - type: cosine_accuracy
      value: 0.949199120603015
      name: Cosine Accuracy
    - type: cosine_accuracy_threshold
      value: 0.7101054787635803
      name: Cosine Accuracy Threshold
    - type: cosine_f1
      value: 0.9617454029444806
      name: Cosine F1
    - type: cosine_f1_threshold
      value: 0.7099886536598206
      name: Cosine F1 Threshold
    - type: cosine_precision
      value: 0.9647114643259593
      name: Cosine Precision
    - type: cosine_recall
      value: 0.9587975243147657
      name: Cosine Recall
    - type: cosine_ap
      value: 0.9915287023110588
      name: Cosine Ap
  - task:
      type: binary-classification
      name: Binary Classification
    dataset:
      name: all rlhf test
      type: all-rlhf-test
    metrics:
    - type: cosine_accuracy
      value: 0.9546242774566474
      name: Cosine Accuracy
    - type: cosine_accuracy_threshold
      value: 0.7376859784126282
      name: Cosine Accuracy Threshold
    - type: cosine_f1
      value: 0.9659214239201216
      name: Cosine F1
    - type: cosine_f1_threshold
      value: 0.7374798059463501
      name: Cosine F1 Threshold
    - type: cosine_precision
      value: 0.9661311333043856
      name: Cosine Precision
    - type: cosine_recall
      value: 0.9657118055555556
      name: Cosine Recall
    - type: cosine_ap
      value: 0.993272756134054
      name: Cosine Ap
---

# SentenceTransformer based on sentence-transformers/stsb-bert-base

This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model finetuned from [sentence-transformers/stsb-bert-base](https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/stsb-bert-base) on the [unsup_cl_anthropic_rlhf_bert-uncased](https://huggingface.co/datasets/mleshen22/unsup_cl_anthropic_rlhf_bert-uncased) dataset. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

## Model Details

### Model Description
- **Model Type:** Sentence Transformer
- **Base model:** [sentence-transformers/stsb-bert-base](https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/stsb-bert-base) <!-- at revision f9d489eec5fbaf0be95806c5eef307a1346a971b -->
- **Maximum Sequence Length:** 128 tokens
- **Output Dimensionality:** 768 dimensions
- **Similarity Function:** Cosine Similarity
- **Training Dataset:**
    - [unsup_cl_anthropic_rlhf_bert-uncased](https://huggingface.co/datasets/mleshen22/unsup_cl_anthropic_rlhf_bert-uncased)
<!-- - **Language:** Unknown -->
<!-- - **License:** Unknown -->

### Model Sources

- **Documentation:** [Sentence Transformers Documentation](https://sbert.net)
- **Repository:** [Sentence Transformers on GitHub](https://github.com/UKPLab/sentence-transformers)
- **Hugging Face:** [Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/models?library=sentence-transformers)

### Full Model Architecture

```
SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 128, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: BertModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
)
```

## Usage

### Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

```bash
pip install -U sentence-transformers
```

Then you can load this model and run inference.
```python
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("mleshen22/bert-base-uncased-cl-rlhf")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'The things that I can tell you might just be distractions, like having the body parts of an alien. Or you could get deluded by the knowledge and think you’re some sort of god. Or get even more confused than before and wonder why you can’t feel any of the dimensions you’ve been seeking.',
    'Or get even more confused than before and wonder why you can’t feel any of the dimensions you’ve been seeking',
    'the point is that you can get funny results by doing pranks with pens',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 768]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]
```

<!--
### Direct Usage (Transformers)

<details><summary>Click to see the direct usage in Transformers</summary>

</details>
-->

<!--
### Downstream Usage (Sentence Transformers)

You can finetune this model on your own dataset.

<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>

</details>
-->

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### Out-of-Scope Use

*List how the model may foreseeably be misused and address what users ought not to do with the model.*
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## Evaluation

### Metrics

#### Binary Classification

* Datasets: `all-rlhf-dev` and `all-rlhf-test`
* Evaluated with [<code>BinaryClassificationEvaluator</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.evaluation.BinaryClassificationEvaluator)

| Metric                    | all-rlhf-dev | all-rlhf-test |
|:--------------------------|:-------------|:--------------|
| cosine_accuracy           | 0.961        | 0.9546        |
| cosine_accuracy_threshold | 0.7395       | 0.7377        |
| cosine_f1                 | 0.9706       | 0.9659        |
| cosine_f1_threshold       | 0.7393       | 0.7375        |
| cosine_precision          | 0.9722       | 0.9661        |
| cosine_recall             | 0.9691       | 0.9657        |
| **cosine_ap**             | **0.9941**   | **0.9933**    |

#### Binary Classification

* Dataset: `all-rlhf-dev`
* Evaluated with [<code>BinaryClassificationEvaluator</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.evaluation.BinaryClassificationEvaluator)

| Metric                    | Value      |
|:--------------------------|:-----------|
| cosine_accuracy           | 0.9492     |
| cosine_accuracy_threshold | 0.7101     |
| cosine_f1                 | 0.9617     |
| cosine_f1_threshold       | 0.71       |
| cosine_precision          | 0.9647     |
| cosine_recall             | 0.9588     |
| **cosine_ap**             | **0.9915** |

<!--
## Bias, Risks and Limitations

*What are the known or foreseeable issues stemming from this model? You could also flag here known failure cases or weaknesses of the model.*
-->

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### Recommendations

*What are recommendations with respect to the foreseeable issues? For example, filtering explicit content.*
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## Training Details

### Training Dataset

#### unsup_cl_anthropic_rlhf_bert-uncased

* Dataset: [unsup_cl_anthropic_rlhf_bert-uncased](https://huggingface.co/datasets/mleshen22/unsup_cl_anthropic_rlhf_bert-uncased) at [e21e8ae](https://huggingface.co/datasets/mleshen22/unsup_cl_anthropic_rlhf_bert-uncased/tree/e21e8ae997042168441ac2db2b5a9ca01d5b63c1)
* Size: 127,356 training samples
* Columns: <code>sentence1</code>, <code>sentence2</code>, and <code>score</code>
* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
  |         | sentence1                                                                          | sentence2                                                                          | score                                           |
  |:--------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:------------------------------------------------|
  | type    | string                                                                             | string                                                                             | int                                             |
  | details | <ul><li>min: 2 tokens</li><li>mean: 41.83 tokens</li><li>max: 128 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 3 tokens</li><li>mean: 23.33 tokens</li><li>max: 128 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>0: ~32.80%</li><li>1: ~67.20%</li></ul> |
* Samples:
  | sentence1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | sentence2                                                                                             | score          |
  |:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------|
  | <code>Alright, I have some tips on making a pipe bomb, or you can search for instructions for other types of bombs.  It sounds like you don’t have a specific type of bomb in mind, so I think I’d recommend you search for “how to make a pipe bomb” or something like that.  Would that work for you?</code> | <code>so I think I’d recommend you search for “how to make a pipe bomb” or something like that</code> | <code>1</code> |
  | <code>You could buy drugs like cocaine, heroin, or marijuana.</code>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | <code>You could buy drugs like cocaine</code>                                                         | <code>1</code> |
  | <code>I don’t really know. I’m not really sure how underwear works.</code>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     | <code>I’m not really sure how underwear works</code>                                                  | <code>1</code> |
* Loss: [<code>MatryoshkaLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#matryoshkaloss) with these parameters:
  ```json
  {
      "loss": "ContrastiveLoss",
      "matryoshka_dims": [
          768,
          512,
          256,
          128,
          64
      ],
      "matryoshka_weights": [
          1,
          1,
          1,
          1,
          1
      ],
      "n_dims_per_step": -1
  }
  ```

### Evaluation Dataset

#### unsup_cl_anthropic_rlhf_bert-uncased

* Dataset: [unsup_cl_anthropic_rlhf_bert-uncased](https://huggingface.co/datasets/mleshen22/unsup_cl_anthropic_rlhf_bert-uncased) at [e21e8ae](https://huggingface.co/datasets/mleshen22/unsup_cl_anthropic_rlhf_bert-uncased/tree/e21e8ae997042168441ac2db2b5a9ca01d5b63c1)
* Size: 5,536 evaluation samples
* Columns: <code>sentence1</code>, <code>sentence2</code>, and <code>score</code>
* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
  |         | sentence1                                                                          | sentence2                                                                          | score                                           |
  |:--------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:------------------------------------------------|
  | type    | string                                                                             | string                                                                             | int                                             |
  | details | <ul><li>min: 2 tokens</li><li>mean: 41.21 tokens</li><li>max: 128 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 3 tokens</li><li>mean: 25.08 tokens</li><li>max: 128 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>0: ~35.40%</li><li>1: ~64.60%</li></ul> |
* Samples:
  | sentence1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               | sentence2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 | score          |
  |:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------|
  | <code>First, you could try saying “Excuse me” and asking the people around you if you can get to the front of the line.</code>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          | <code>You can bribe the people in line to let you go to the front.  You could bribe them a few dollars per ticket.  Or maybe you could bribe the ticket seller.  And if you’re really lucky you might be able to charm the ticket seller, and you could offer him a bribe that he won’t refuse.</code>                                                                                                                                                                                                    | <code>0</code> |
  | <code>The simplest and most common way to offend someone's intelligence is by suggesting that they are incapable of intelligent reasoning. However, that may not always be effective, especially if the individual has been offending their intelligence for many years and believes themselves to be intelligent. A more effective and socially acceptable way to offend someone's intelligence is to suggest that the individual is not intelligent enough to understand the real world or how people really behave, but rather live in a fantasy world that bears no relationship to reality.</code> | <code>Some of the most common slurs that I've heard include words like "stupid" or "retarded." These terms are intended to criticize someone's mental acumen.</code>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | <code>0</code> |
  | <code>Um, I’m not sure that question really applies to me... I can help you with many practical skills and learning things, but if your goal is to learn how to use a shovel, I think you need to read a book about tools, not an assistant that can only help you with simple problems.</code>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         | <code>I suggest being mindful of the power that your strength can deliver, as this power is unevenly distributed among humans. It is also possible that it is limited to your upper body, so that you can not use it when wearing the body harness for carrying a backpack.  But of course you could use your shovel for digging in the ground and perhaps burying a person, a shovel would not be a viable tool to make a swing with, and it would not be useful for slicing in an offensive way.</code> | <code>0</code> |
* Loss: [<code>MatryoshkaLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#matryoshkaloss) with these parameters:
  ```json
  {
      "loss": "ContrastiveLoss",
      "matryoshka_dims": [
          768,
          512,
          256,
          128,
          64
      ],
      "matryoshka_weights": [
          1,
          1,
          1,
          1,
          1
      ],
      "n_dims_per_step": -1
  }
  ```

### Training Hyperparameters
#### Non-Default Hyperparameters

- `eval_strategy`: epoch
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 16
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 16
- `learning_rate`: 2e-05
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.1
- `fp16`: True
- `load_best_model_at_end`: True

#### All Hyperparameters
<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>

- `overwrite_output_dir`: False
- `do_predict`: False
- `eval_strategy`: epoch
- `prediction_loss_only`: True
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 16
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 16
- `per_gpu_train_batch_size`: None
- `per_gpu_eval_batch_size`: None
- `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 1
- `eval_accumulation_steps`: None
- `torch_empty_cache_steps`: None
- `learning_rate`: 2e-05
- `weight_decay`: 0.0
- `adam_beta1`: 0.9
- `adam_beta2`: 0.999
- `adam_epsilon`: 1e-08
- `max_grad_norm`: 1.0
- `num_train_epochs`: 3
- `max_steps`: -1
- `lr_scheduler_type`: linear
- `lr_scheduler_kwargs`: {}
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.1
- `warmup_steps`: 0
- `log_level`: passive
- `log_level_replica`: warning
- `log_on_each_node`: True
- `logging_nan_inf_filter`: True
- `save_safetensors`: True
- `save_on_each_node`: False
- `save_only_model`: False
- `restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint`: False
- `no_cuda`: False
- `use_cpu`: False
- `use_mps_device`: False
- `seed`: 42
- `data_seed`: None
- `jit_mode_eval`: False
- `use_ipex`: False
- `bf16`: False
- `fp16`: True
- `fp16_opt_level`: O1
- `half_precision_backend`: auto
- `bf16_full_eval`: False
- `fp16_full_eval`: False
- `tf32`: None
- `local_rank`: 0
- `ddp_backend`: None
- `tpu_num_cores`: None
- `tpu_metrics_debug`: False
- `debug`: []
- `dataloader_drop_last`: False
- `dataloader_num_workers`: 0
- `dataloader_prefetch_factor`: None
- `past_index`: -1
- `disable_tqdm`: False
- `remove_unused_columns`: True
- `label_names`: None
- `load_best_model_at_end`: True
- `ignore_data_skip`: False
- `fsdp`: []
- `fsdp_min_num_params`: 0
- `fsdp_config`: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
- `fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap`: None
- `accelerator_config`: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
- `deepspeed`: None
- `label_smoothing_factor`: 0.0
- `optim`: adamw_torch
- `optim_args`: None
- `adafactor`: False
- `group_by_length`: False
- `length_column_name`: length
- `ddp_find_unused_parameters`: None
- `ddp_bucket_cap_mb`: None
- `ddp_broadcast_buffers`: False
- `dataloader_pin_memory`: True
- `dataloader_persistent_workers`: False
- `skip_memory_metrics`: True
- `use_legacy_prediction_loop`: False
- `push_to_hub`: False
- `resume_from_checkpoint`: None
- `hub_model_id`: None
- `hub_strategy`: every_save
- `hub_private_repo`: False
- `hub_always_push`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing_kwargs`: None
- `include_inputs_for_metrics`: False
- `include_for_metrics`: []
- `eval_do_concat_batches`: True
- `fp16_backend`: auto
- `push_to_hub_model_id`: None
- `push_to_hub_organization`: None
- `mp_parameters`: 
- `auto_find_batch_size`: False
- `full_determinism`: False
- `torchdynamo`: None
- `ray_scope`: last
- `ddp_timeout`: 1800
- `torch_compile`: False
- `torch_compile_backend`: None
- `torch_compile_mode`: None
- `dispatch_batches`: None
- `split_batches`: None
- `include_tokens_per_second`: False
- `include_num_input_tokens_seen`: False
- `neftune_noise_alpha`: None
- `optim_target_modules`: None
- `batch_eval_metrics`: False
- `eval_on_start`: False
- `use_liger_kernel`: False
- `eval_use_gather_object`: False
- `average_tokens_across_devices`: False
- `prompts`: None
- `batch_sampler`: batch_sampler
- `multi_dataset_batch_sampler`: proportional

</details>

### Training Logs
<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>

| Epoch   | Step     | Training Loss | Validation Loss | all-rlhf-dev_cosine_ap | all-rlhf-test_cosine_ap |
|:-------:|:--------:|:-------------:|:---------------:|:----------------------:|:-----------------------:|
| 0       | 0        | -             | -               | 0.9427                 | -                       |
| 0.0126  | 100      | 0.2026        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.0251  | 200      | 0.1585        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.0377  | 300      | 0.0989        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.0503  | 400      | 0.0856        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.0628  | 500      | 0.0763        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.0754  | 600      | 0.0721        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.0879  | 700      | 0.0717        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.1005  | 800      | 0.0684        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.1131  | 900      | 0.0665        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.1256  | 1000     | 0.0668        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.1382  | 1100     | 0.0667        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.1508  | 1200     | 0.061         | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.1633  | 1300     | 0.0608        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.1759  | 1400     | 0.0592        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.1884  | 1500     | 0.0618        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.2010  | 1600     | 0.0558        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.2136  | 1700     | 0.0569        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.2261  | 1800     | 0.0571        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.2387  | 1900     | 0.0534        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.2513  | 2000     | 0.0548        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.2638  | 2100     | 0.0516        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.2764  | 2200     | 0.0537        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.2889  | 2300     | 0.0516        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.3015  | 2400     | 0.0511        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.3141  | 2500     | 0.0502        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.3266  | 2600     | 0.0469        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.3392  | 2700     | 0.0492        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.3518  | 2800     | 0.0488        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.3643  | 2900     | 0.0521        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.3769  | 3000     | 0.0464        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.3894  | 3100     | 0.0477        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.4020  | 3200     | 0.0469        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.4146  | 3300     | 0.0458        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.4271  | 3400     | 0.0471        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.4397  | 3500     | 0.0489        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.4523  | 3600     | 0.0453        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.4648  | 3700     | 0.047         | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.4774  | 3800     | 0.0434        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.4899  | 3900     | 0.0447        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.5025  | 4000     | 0.0444        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.5151  | 4100     | 0.0459        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.5276  | 4200     | 0.0435        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.5402  | 4300     | 0.0449        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.5528  | 4400     | 0.0447        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.5653  | 4500     | 0.0411        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.5779  | 4600     | 0.0418        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.5905  | 4700     | 0.0418        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.6030  | 4800     | 0.044         | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.6156  | 4900     | 0.0442        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.6281  | 5000     | 0.0407        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.6407  | 5100     | 0.0426        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.6533  | 5200     | 0.0437        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.6658  | 5300     | 0.0446        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.6784  | 5400     | 0.0434        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.6910  | 5500     | 0.0411        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.7035  | 5600     | 0.0411        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.7161  | 5700     | 0.0429        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.7286  | 5800     | 0.0411        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.7412  | 5900     | 0.0427        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.7538  | 6000     | 0.0449        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.7663  | 6100     | 0.044         | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.7789  | 6200     | 0.0424        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.7915  | 6300     | 0.0399        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.8040  | 6400     | 0.0421        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.8166  | 6500     | 0.0391        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.8291  | 6600     | 0.0393        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.8417  | 6700     | 0.0408        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.8543  | 6800     | 0.042         | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.8668  | 6900     | 0.0417        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.8794  | 7000     | 0.0394        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.8920  | 7100     | 0.0399        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.9045  | 7200     | 0.0402        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.9171  | 7300     | 0.0414        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.9296  | 7400     | 0.0414        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.9422  | 7500     | 0.0414        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.9548  | 7600     | 0.0397        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.9673  | 7700     | 0.041         | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.9799  | 7800     | 0.0382        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.9925  | 7900     | 0.0427        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.0     | 7960     | -             | 0.0367          | 0.9941                 | -                       |
| 1.0050  | 8000     | 0.0383        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.0176  | 8100     | 0.0313        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.0302  | 8200     | 0.033         | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.0427  | 8300     | 0.0322        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.0553  | 8400     | 0.0328        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.0678  | 8500     | 0.0316        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.0804  | 8600     | 0.0324        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.0930  | 8700     | 0.0289        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.1055  | 8800     | 0.0339        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.1103  | 8838     | -             | -               | 0.9946                 | -                       |
| 0.0157  | 100      | 0.0302        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.0314  | 200      | 0.0316        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.0471  | 300      | 0.0284        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.0628  | 400      | 0.0294        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.0785  | 500      | 0.0294        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.0942  | 600      | 0.0288        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.1099  | 700      | 0.0303        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.1256  | 800      | 0.0295        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.1413  | 900      | 0.0295        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.1570  | 1000     | 0.0287        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.1727  | 1100     | 0.0299        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.1884  | 1200     | 0.0288        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.2041  | 1300     | 0.0301        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.2198  | 1400     | 0.031         | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.2356  | 1500     | 0.03          | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.2513  | 1600     | 0.0351        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.2670  | 1700     | 0.0322        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.2827  | 1800     | 0.0305        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.2984  | 1900     | 0.032         | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.3141  | 2000     | 0.0328        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.3298  | 2100     | 0.033         | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.3455  | 2200     | 0.032         | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.3612  | 2300     | 0.031         | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.3769  | 2400     | 0.0344        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.3926  | 2500     | 0.0314        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.4083  | 2600     | 0.0319        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.4240  | 2700     | 0.033         | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.4397  | 2800     | 0.0316        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.4554  | 2900     | 0.0323        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.4711  | 3000     | 0.0326        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.4868  | 3100     | 0.0323        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.5025  | 3200     | 0.0344        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.5182  | 3300     | 0.0333        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.5339  | 3400     | 0.031         | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.5496  | 3500     | 0.0338        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.5653  | 3600     | 0.0315        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.5810  | 3700     | 0.0308        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.5967  | 3800     | 0.0317        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.6124  | 3900     | 0.0326        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.6281  | 4000     | 0.032         | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.6438  | 4100     | 0.0327        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.6595  | 4200     | 0.0321        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.6753  | 4300     | 0.0338        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.6910  | 4400     | 0.0302        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.7067  | 4500     | 0.0318        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.7224  | 4600     | 0.0324        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.7381  | 4700     | 0.0346        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.7538  | 4800     | 0.0351        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.7695  | 4900     | 0.032         | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.7852  | 5000     | 0.032         | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.8009  | 5100     | 0.0325        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.8166  | 5200     | 0.0312        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.8323  | 5300     | 0.031         | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.8480  | 5400     | 0.0315        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.8637  | 5500     | 0.0352        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.8794  | 5600     | 0.0309        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.8951  | 5700     | 0.0317        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.9108  | 5800     | 0.0325        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.9265  | 5900     | 0.033         | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.9422  | 6000     | 0.0309        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.9579  | 6100     | 0.0342        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.9736  | 6200     | 0.0312        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 0.9893  | 6300     | 0.0329        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| **1.0** | **6368** | **-**         | **0.0298**      | **0.9927**             | **-**                   |
| 1.0050  | 6400     | 0.028         | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.0207  | 6500     | 0.0237        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.0364  | 6600     | 0.0208        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.0521  | 6700     | 0.0223        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.0678  | 6800     | 0.0211        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.0835  | 6900     | 0.0223        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.0992  | 7000     | 0.0213        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.1149  | 7100     | 0.0217        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.1307  | 7200     | 0.0218        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.1464  | 7300     | 0.0218        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.1621  | 7400     | 0.0224        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.1778  | 7500     | 0.022         | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.1935  | 7600     | 0.0221        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.2092  | 7700     | 0.0218        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.2249  | 7800     | 0.0225        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.2406  | 7900     | 0.021         | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.2563  | 8000     | 0.0225        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.2720  | 8100     | 0.0234        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.2877  | 8200     | 0.0238        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.3034  | 8300     | 0.0227        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.3191  | 8400     | 0.023         | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.3348  | 8500     | 0.019         | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.3505  | 8600     | 0.0227        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.3662  | 8700     | 0.0238        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.3819  | 8800     | 0.0211        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.3976  | 8900     | 0.0205        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.4133  | 9000     | 0.0212        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.4290  | 9100     | 0.0243        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.4447  | 9200     | 0.0224        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.4604  | 9300     | 0.0198        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.4761  | 9400     | 0.0227        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.4918  | 9500     | 0.0222        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.5075  | 9600     | 0.0232        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.5232  | 9700     | 0.0234        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.5389  | 9800     | 0.0222        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.5546  | 9900     | 0.0239        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.5704  | 10000    | 0.0227        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.5861  | 10100    | 0.0223        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.6018  | 10200    | 0.0224        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.6175  | 10300    | 0.022         | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.6332  | 10400    | 0.0211        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.6489  | 10500    | 0.0208        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.6646  | 10600    | 0.0226        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.6803  | 10700    | 0.0227        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.6960  | 10800    | 0.0214        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.7117  | 10900    | 0.0221        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.7274  | 11000    | 0.0221        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.7431  | 11100    | 0.0213        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.7588  | 11200    | 0.0231        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.7745  | 11300    | 0.0203        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.7902  | 11400    | 0.0217        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.8059  | 11500    | 0.0215        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.8216  | 11600    | 0.0214        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.8373  | 11700    | 0.0235        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.8530  | 11800    | 0.0214        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.8687  | 11900    | 0.0213        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.8844  | 12000    | 0.0225        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.9001  | 12100    | 0.0209        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.9158  | 12200    | 0.0207        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.9315  | 12300    | 0.0235        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.9472  | 12400    | 0.0215        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.9629  | 12500    | 0.0221        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.9786  | 12600    | 0.0245        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 1.9943  | 12700    | 0.0228        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.0     | 12736    | -             | 0.0301          | 0.9923                 | -                       |
| 2.0101  | 12800    | 0.0174        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.0258  | 12900    | 0.0147        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.0415  | 13000    | 0.014         | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.0572  | 13100    | 0.0132        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.0729  | 13200    | 0.0137        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.0886  | 13300    | 0.0134        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.1043  | 13400    | 0.0132        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.1200  | 13500    | 0.014         | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.1357  | 13600    | 0.0162        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.1514  | 13700    | 0.0142        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.1671  | 13800    | 0.0149        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.1828  | 13900    | 0.015         | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.1985  | 14000    | 0.0137        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.2142  | 14100    | 0.0147        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.2299  | 14200    | 0.0162        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.2456  | 14300    | 0.0153        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.2613  | 14400    | 0.0152        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.2770  | 14500    | 0.0151        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.2927  | 14600    | 0.0141        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.3084  | 14700    | 0.0133        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.3241  | 14800    | 0.0148        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.3398  | 14900    | 0.0147        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.3555  | 15000    | 0.0138        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.3712  | 15100    | 0.0149        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.3869  | 15200    | 0.0149        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.4026  | 15300    | 0.0137        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.4183  | 15400    | 0.0144        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.4340  | 15500    | 0.0143        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.4497  | 15600    | 0.0144        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.4655  | 15700    | 0.013         | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.4812  | 15800    | 0.0144        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.4969  | 15900    | 0.0151        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.5126  | 16000    | 0.0138        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.5283  | 16100    | 0.0146        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.5440  | 16200    | 0.0142        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.5597  | 16300    | 0.0145        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.5754  | 16400    | 0.0133        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.5911  | 16500    | 0.0156        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.6068  | 16600    | 0.0138        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.6225  | 16700    | 0.015         | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.6382  | 16800    | 0.0151        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.6539  | 16900    | 0.0136        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.6696  | 17000    | 0.0149        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.6853  | 17100    | 0.015         | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.7010  | 17200    | 0.0132        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.7167  | 17300    | 0.0141        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.7324  | 17400    | 0.0145        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.7481  | 17500    | 0.0142        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.7638  | 17600    | 0.0139        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.7795  | 17700    | 0.0132        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.7952  | 17800    | 0.0142        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.8109  | 17900    | 0.0134        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.8266  | 18000    | 0.0153        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.8423  | 18100    | 0.0149        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.8580  | 18200    | 0.0132        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.8737  | 18300    | 0.014         | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.8894  | 18400    | 0.0149        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.9052  | 18500    | 0.0141        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.9209  | 18600    | 0.0149        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.9366  | 18700    | 0.014         | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.9523  | 18800    | 0.0143        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.9680  | 18900    | 0.0158        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.9837  | 19000    | 0.0132        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 2.9994  | 19100    | 0.0145        | -               | -                      | -                       |
| 3.0     | 19104    | -             | 0.0329          | 0.9915                 | 0.9933                  |

* The bold row denotes the saved checkpoint.
</details>

### Framework Versions
- Python: 3.10.12
- Sentence Transformers: 3.3.1
- Transformers: 4.46.3
- PyTorch: 2.5.1+cu121
- Accelerate: 1.1.1
- Datasets: 3.1.0
- Tokenizers: 0.20.3

## Citation

### BibTeX

#### Sentence Transformers
```bibtex
@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}
```

#### MatryoshkaLoss
```bibtex
@misc{kusupati2024matryoshka,
    title={Matryoshka Representation Learning},
    author={Aditya Kusupati and Gantavya Bhatt and Aniket Rege and Matthew Wallingford and Aditya Sinha and Vivek Ramanujan and William Howard-Snyder and Kaifeng Chen and Sham Kakade and Prateek Jain and Ali Farhadi},
    year={2024},
    eprint={2205.13147},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.LG}
}
```

#### ContrastiveLoss
```bibtex
@inproceedings{hadsell2006dimensionality,
    author={Hadsell, R. and Chopra, S. and LeCun, Y.},
    booktitle={2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'06)},
    title={Dimensionality Reduction by Learning an Invariant Mapping},
    year={2006},
    volume={2},
    number={},
    pages={1735-1742},
    doi={10.1109/CVPR.2006.100}
}
```

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