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anything injurious, approach their poor souls, penetrate within, and
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see what kind of men they are. Thou wilt discover that there is no
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reason to take any trouble that these men may have this or that opinion
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about thee. However thou must be well disposed towards them, for by
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nature they are friends. And the gods too aid them in all ways, by
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dreams, by signs, towards the attainment of those things on which
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they set a value.
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The periodic movements of the universe are the same, up and down from
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age to age. And either the universal intelligence puts itself in motion
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for every separate effect, and if this is so, be thou content with
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that which is the result of its activity; or it puts itself in motion
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once, and everything else comes by way of sequence in a manner; or
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indivisible elements are the origin of all things.- In a word, if
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there is a god, all is well; and if chance rules, do not thou also
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be governed by it.
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Soon will the earth cover us all: then the earth, too, will change,
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and the things also which result from change will continue to change
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for ever, and these again for ever. For if a man reflects on the changes
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and transformations which follow one another like wave after wave
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and their rapidity, he will despise everything which is perishable.
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The universal cause is like a winter torrent: it carries everything
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along with it. But how worthless are all these poor people who are
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engaged in matters political, and, as they suppose, are playing the
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philosopher! All drivellers. Well then, man: do what nature now requires.
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Set thyself in motion, if it is in thy power, and do not look about
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thee to see if any one will observe it; nor yet expect Plato's Republic:
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but be content if the smallest thing goes on well, and consider such
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an event to be no small matter. For who can change men's opinions?
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And without a change of opinions what else is there than the slavery
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of men who groan while they pretend to obey? Come now and tell me
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of Alexander and Philip and Demetrius of Phalerum. They themselves
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shall judge whether they discovered what the common nature required,
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and trained themselves accordingly. But if they acted like tragedy
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heroes, no one has condemned me to imitate them. Simple and modest
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is the work of philosophy. Draw me not aside to indolence and pride.
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Look down from above on the countless herds of men and their countless
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solemnities, and the infinitely varied voyagings in storms and calms,
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and the differences among those who are born, who live together, and
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die. And consider, too, the life lived by others in olden time, and
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the life of those who will live after thee, and the life now lived
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among barbarous nations, and how many know not even thy name, and
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how many will soon forget it, and how they who perhaps now are praising
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thee will very soon blame thee, and that neither a posthumous name
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is of any value, nor reputation, nor anything else.
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Let there be freedom from perturbations with respect to the things
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which come from the external cause; and let there be justice in the
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things done by virtue of the internal cause, that is, let there be
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movement and action terminating in this, in social acts, for this
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is according to thy nature.
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Thou canst remove out of the way many useless things among those which
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disturb thee, for they lie entirely in thy opinion; and thou wilt
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then gain for thyself ample space by comprehending the whole universe
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in thy mind, and by contemplating the eternity of time, and observing
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the rapid change of every several thing, how short is the time from
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birth to dissolution, and the illimitable time before birth as well
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as the equally boundless time after dissolution.
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All that thou seest will quickly perish, and those who have been spectators
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of its dissolution will very soon perish too. And he who dies at the
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extremest old age will be brought into the same condition with him
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who died prematurely.
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What are these men's leading principles, and about what kind of things
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are they busy, and for what kind of reasons do they love and honour?
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Imagine that thou seest their poor souls laid bare. When they think
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that they do harm by their blame or good by their praise, what an
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idea!
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Loss is nothing else than change. But the universal nature delights
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in change, and in obedience to her all things are now done well, and
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from eternity have been done in like form, and will be such to time
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without end. What, then, dost thou say? That all things have been
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and all things always will be bad, and that no power has ever been
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found in so many gods to rectify these things, but the world has been
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condemned to be found in never ceasing evil?
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The rottenness of the matter which is the foundation of everything!
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Water, dust, bones, filth: or again, marble rocks, the callosities
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of the earth; and gold and silver, the sediments; and garments, only
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bits of hair; and purple dye, blood; and everything else is of the
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same kind. And that which is of the nature of breath is also another
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thing of the same kind, changing from this to that.
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