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35828275
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicyclus%20pavonis
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Bicyclus pavonis
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Bicyclus pavonis, the rock bush brown, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Senegal, the Gambia, Mali, Guinea, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Ghana, northern Nigeria, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, southern Sudan, northern Uganda, northern Ethiopia and north-western Kenya. The habitat consists of rocky outcrops in arid savanna.
The larvae feed on Sporobolus pyramidalis.
References
Elymniini
Butterflies described in 1876
Butterflies of Africa
Taxa named by Arthur Gardiner Butler
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40373716
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipkosgei
|
Kipkosgei
|
Kipkosgei, also written Kipkosgey and Kipkoskei, is a surname of Kenyan origin" Arap Kosgei means son Of Kipkosgei. Kipkosgei is not similar with Kipkogei it may refer to:
Daniel Kipkosgei (born 1986), Kenyan long-distance track runner competing for Qatar as Essa Ismail Rashed
Hellen Kimaiyo Kipkoskei (born 1968), Kenyan long-distance runner and two-time African champion
Luke Kipkosgei (born 1975), Kenyan long-distance runner and world indoor medallist
Paul Kipkosgei Kemboi (born 1990), Kenyan long-distance track runner competing for Turkey as Polat Kemboi Arıkan
See also
Kosgei, origin of Kipkosgei
Jepkosgei, name meaning "daughter of Kosgei"
Kalenjin names
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60814977
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean%20Miruho
|
Jean Miruho
|
Jean Miruho was a Congolese politician who served as President of Kivu Province.
Biography
Jean Miruho was born in Kabare, Belgian Congo. He was a Catholic and worked as a cashier at the Banque du Congo Belge. He was a member of the Centre du Regroupement Africain (CEREA), a political party based in Kivu Province, and organised a chapter of the organisation in Goma and the surrounding area. The party later divided and he became leader of a moderate splinter faction based in North Kivu. In January 1960 he assisted an association of Baptist Congolese in their unsuccessful attempt to gain official recognition from the Belgian colonial authorities. In the May 1960 elections Miruho won a seat in the Kivu Provincial Assembly, representing the Kabare constituency. His CEREA faction secured an additional number of seats in the assembly, and he subsequently organised a coalition with independents and smaller parties. The assembly then elected him President of Kivu Province. His government was formed on 30 June. Upon assuming office, Miruho encouraged the local population to welcome and co-operate with the Europeans residing in the region "on the condition that they do not get involved in politics".
On 5 July 1960 men of the Force Publique in Léopoldville and Thysville mutinied against their Belgian officers. Unrest spread throughout the Lower Congo, and European civilians began to flee the country en masse. In an attempt to resolve the situation, the Congolese government under Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba announced that the Force Publique officer corps was to be Africanised. Miruho co-ordinated well with the Belgian officers in Kivu, ensuring that they handed over power to the Congolese soldiers without incident. The large departure of Europeans deprived Kivu's administration of essential personnel, and Miruho attempted to fill vacant leadership positions according to the seniority and competence of those considered for promotions. On 13 July Lumumba announced that Miruho's appointments would be nullified, generating hostility between the provincial government and the central government.
The political situation continued to deteriorate over the following months. Katanga Province seceded from the Congo and Lumumba was removed from power. By November Lumumba's supporters had begun consolidating their position in Orientale Province and sparring with the central government in Léopoldville. Miruho's government distanced itself from both factions while also refusing to lead its province into secession.
Lumumba's supporters in Orientale shortly thereafter assumed local control and openly challenged the authority of the central government. On 24 December, troops from Orientale occupied Bukavu, the capital of Kivu, and arrested the local army commander. The next day Miruho tried to intervene and secure his release, but he too was arrested by the soldiers and sent to Stanleyville along with the Bukavu army commander. Anicet Kashamura was installed as his replacement. Despite rumours of abuse and torture, Miruho was not mistreated while in their custody. In January 1961 Lumumba was killed, and ethnic tensions dramatically rose throughout Kivu in February, paralysing Adrien Omari's government and facilitating Miruho's return to power when Cyrille Adoula became Prime Minister in August. Nevertheless, his new government was threatened by rebellious troops and had to remain under the constant protection of peacekeeping units of the United Nations Operation in the Congo. At his request, the troublesome officers and units were transferred out of the province in December. Miruho remained in power until May 1962, when the central government suspended the powers of the provincial authorities and assumed direct control over Kivu. In September Miruho published a letter to Adoula, demanding that he respect the authority of the provincial government. In response, Adoula's government placed Miruho and his family under house arrest and subsequently accused him of planning to ally Kivu with Katanga's secession. Miruho was opposed to Kivu's division into smaller provinces.
On 5 July 1968, President Joseph-Désiré Mobutu announced Miruho's appointment to the Political Bureau of the Mouvement Populaire de la Révolution, the state political party.
Notes
Citations
References
People from Goma
People of the Congo Crisis
Possibly living people
Year of birth missing
Governors of provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Governors of Kivu Province
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4574090
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estadio%20Pedro%20Marrero
|
Estadio Pedro Marrero
|
Estadio Nacional de Fútbol Pedro Marrero, the former home of CF Ciudad de La Habana, is a multi-purpose stadium in Havana, Cuba. It is now used primarily for football matches. The stadium holds 30,000 and was built in 1929.
History
Originally named Gran Stadium Cervecería Tropical (or familiarly, La Tropical), it hosted the 1937 Bacardi Bowl and many Cuban League baseball games. After the revolution, it was renamed for Pedro Marrero, a young man who died in the attack on the Moncada Barracks.
Geography
The stadium is located in the ward of Ceiba, part of the municipal borough of Playa; next to the borders with Nuevo Vedado, borough of Plaza de la Revolución.
See also
Estadio Panamericano
Estadio Latinoamericano
References
External links
Football venues in Cuba
Sports venues in Havana
Multi-purpose stadiums
Defunct college football venues
1929 establishments in Cuba
Sports venues completed in 1929
American football venues in North America
20th-century architecture in Cuba
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12413185
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takarai%20Kikaku
|
Takarai Kikaku
|
Takarai Kikaku (; 1661–1707) also known as Enomoto Kikaku, was a Japanese haikai poet and among the most accomplished disciples of Matsuo Bashō. His father was an Edo doctor, but Kikaku chose to become a professional haikai poet rather than follow in his footsteps.
Kikaku set the tone for haikai from Basho death until the time of Yosa Buson in the late 18th century; and he also left an important historical document, describing Bashō's final days, and the immediate aftermath of his death, which has been translated into English.
Later influence
In commemoration of the 300th anniversary of Kikaku's death, Nobuyuki Yuasa led an international bilingual (Japanese and English) renku, or collaborative linked poem, which opened with the following hokku by Kikaku:
鐘ひとつ賣れぬ日はなし江戸の春
Springtime in Edo,
Not a day passes without
A temple bell sold.
Bashō's criticism
Kikaku wrote of coarser subjects than Bashō, and in this respect his poetry was closer to earlier haikai, as well as to senryu, and his master is known to have denigrated Kikaku's 'flippant efforts'.
Comparing Kikaku's paired haiku in 'The Rustic Haiku Contest', Bashō remarked of one that "these are artifices within a work of art; too much craft has been expended here".
{{Dubious}} One day, Kikaku composed a haiku,
Red dragonfly / break off its wings / Sour cherry
which Bashō changed to,
Sour cherry / add wings to it / Red dragonfly;
thus saying that poetry should add life to life, not take life away from life. {{Dubious}}
See also
Hattori Ransetsu
Mukai Kyorai
References
External links
A selection of Kikaku's haiku translated into English
Kikaku's An Account of Our Master Basho's Last Days
Springtime in Edo, the international renku composed in memory of the 300th anniversary of Kikaku's death
1661 births
1707 deaths
Japanese poets
Japanese writers of the Edo period
Japanese haiku poets
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63123924
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012%20Asian%20Junior%20and%20Cadet%20Table%20Tennis%20Championships
|
2012 Asian Junior and Cadet Table Tennis Championships
|
The Huangtu Grapes cup 2012 18th Asian Junior and Cadet Table Tennis Championships were held in Jiangyin, China, from 11 to 16 July 2012. It was organised by the Chinese Table Tennis Association under the authority of the Asian Table Tennis Union (ATTU).
Medal summary
Events
Medal table
See also
2012 World Junior Table Tennis Championships
Asian Table Tennis Championships
Asian Table Tennis Union
References
Asian Junior and Cadet Table Tennis Championships
Asian Junior and Cadet Table Tennis Championships
Asian Junior and Cadet Table Tennis Championships
Asian Junior and Cadet Table Tennis Championships
Table tennis competitions in China
International sports competitions hosted by China
Asian Junior and Cadet Table Tennis Championships
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3137292
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberto%20Castillo%20%28catcher%29
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Alberto Castillo (catcher)
|
Alberto Terrero Castillo (born February 10, 1970) is a Dominican former professional baseball catcher. Castillo was born in San Juan de la Maguana, Dominican Republic. Between and , Castillo played for the New York Mets (1995–), St. Louis Cardinals (), Toronto Blue Jays (–), San Francisco Giants (), Kansas City Royals (–), Oakland Athletics (2005), and Baltimore Orioles (). He batted and threw right-handed.
In a twelve-season career, Castillo posted a .220 batting average with 12 home runs and 101 RBI in 418 games played.
Career
During his time with the Mets, Castillo helped end one of the longest scoreless opening day games in MLB history. On March 31, 1998, he hit a full-count, two-out, pinch-hit single to right with the bases loaded in the bottom of the 14th inning to help the Mets beat their division rival Philadelphia Phillies 1–0 at Shea Stadium.
Signed by the Washington Nationals on December 13, 2005, Castillo played the 2006 season with the Triple-A New Orleans Zephyrs. He finished his 2006 season with the Zephyrs with a .268 batting average and 30 RBI. Castillo was a catcher for the first Dominican team in the inaugural 2006 World Baseball Classic.
The Boston Red Sox organization signed him to a minor league contract on December 20, 2006, and invited him to participate in the Red Sox' 2007 spring training.
On March 27, 2007, the Red Sox traded him to the Baltimore Orioles for minor league outfielder Cory Keylor.
He was used in the 2007 season by the Orioles to fill in for injured catcher Ramón Hernández twice and was designated for assignment twice after Hernandez's return. Castillo became a minor league free agent after the season. Castillo was the captain for the Dominican Team in the 2007 Caribbean Series.
On February 14, 2008, Castillo signed a minor league contract with the Houston Astros and was invited to spring training. After spending spring training with the Astros, Castillo was demoted on March 24 to the minors and later released. Confusingly, the Orioles signed a pitcher named Alberto Castillo at the beginning of the 2008 season.
On July 3, 2008, Castillo signed with the Camden Riversharks of the Atlantic League. In 2009, he played for the Newark Bears before being traded to the rival Long Island Ducks on July 6.
He is currently the catching instructor of the Dominican Summer League Mets.
See also
Rule 5 draft results
References
External links
Baseball Library
1970 births
Living people
Águilas Cibaeñas players
Baltimore Orioles players
Binghamton Mets players
Columbia Mets players
Columbus Clippers players
Dominican Republic baseball coaches
Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in Canada
Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in Mexico
Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in the United States
Fresno Grizzlies players
Gigantes del Cibao players
Gulf Coast Mets players
Kansas City Royals players
Kingsport Mets players
Long Island Ducks players
Major League Baseball catchers
Major League Baseball players from the Dominican Republic
Mexican League baseball catchers
Minor league baseball managers
New Orleans Zephyrs players
New York Mets players
New York Yankees players
Newark Bears players
Norfolk Tides players
Oakland Athletics players
Omaha Royals players
People from San Juan de la Maguana
Pittsfield Mets players
Sacramento River Cats players
San Francisco Giants players
St. Louis Cardinals players
St. Lucie Mets players
Sultanes de Monterrey players
Toronto Blue Jays players
Toros del Este players
Vaqueros Laguna players
World Baseball Classic players of the Dominican Republic
2006 World Baseball Classic players
2009 World Baseball Classic players
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28579461
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styles%20Strait
|
Styles Strait
|
Styles Strait is a channel long and wide, separating White Island from Sakellari Peninsula. It was plotted from air photos taken by Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE) in November 1956, and visited in February 1960 and February 1961 by ANARE (Thala Dan), while led by D.F. Styles, for whom it was named.
References
Straits of Antarctica
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36903336
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathyxylophila%20excelsa
|
Bathyxylophila excelsa
|
Bathyxylophila excelsa is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Larocheidae, t
It was originally placed in the subfamily Skeneinae of the family Turbinidae.
Distribution
This species occurs in bathyal zone off New Zealand.
References
External links
To World Register of Marine Species
Larocheidae
Gastropods described in 1988
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63054171
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobras%20Brasil%20XV
|
Cobras Brasil XV
|
Cobras Brasil XV is a professional rugby union team based in São Paulo, Brazil. The team was founded in 2021 to compete in Súper Liga Americana de Rugby. Cobras replaced the rugby section of Corinthians, which had been the original franchise for the SLAR.
Overview
Cobras became the second professional Brazilian franchise after Corinthians, the only team which did not play a single match in the cancelled 2020 season. Corinthians had only played one warm-up match in Montevideo against Peñarol Rugby (a 45–14 defeat, on February 26). SLAR's season was cancelled in March, one day before Corinthians' first match against Olímpia Lions in Asunción.
When the original team ended its contract in 2020, the CBRu decided to create a new franchise.
Stadium
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Brazilian team won't play at home in the 2021 season. The team is based in São Paulo. The training center is the Núcleo de Alto Rendimento de São Paulo (NAR). The home stadium for the 2022 season is yet to be confirmed.
Current squad
The Cobras Brasil XV squad for the 2023 Super Rugby Americas season is:
Senior 15s internationally capped players are listed in bold.
* denotes players qualified to play for on dual nationality or residency grounds.
See also
Brazil national rugby union team
References
External links
Rugby union teams in Brazil
Sport Club Corinthians Paulista
Rugby clubs established in 2021
2021 establishments in Brazil
Super Rugby Americas
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52053156
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Scott%20Inkster
|
John Scott Inkster
|
John Scott Inkster (12 August 1924 – 10 September 2011) was a British anesthesiologist who was one of the first paediatric anaesthetists. He graduated from the University of Aberdeen in 1945. Inkster's interest in anesthesia started during his time as a house physician at New End Hospital. He discovered positive end-expiratory pressure.
John Inkster died on 10 September 2011.
References
Scottish anaesthetists
|
25406365
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.%20fuliginosa
|
A. fuliginosa
|
A. fuliginosa may refer to:
Amantis fuliginosa, a praying mantis species native to India
Amphisbaena fuliginosa, the black and white amphisbaenian, a limbless lizard species
Antennulariella fuliginosa, a fungus species in the genus Antennulariella
See also
Fuliginosa
|
8015512
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abicht
|
Abicht
|
Abicht is a German surname derived from "Albrecht". Notable people with the surname include:
Adolf Abicht (1793–1860), Polish-Lithuanian physician
Albert Abicht (1893–1973), German farmer and politician
Henryk Abicht (1835–1863), Polish independence activist
Johann Georg Abicht (1672–1740), German theologian
Johann Heinrich Abicht (1762–1816), German philosopher
See also
Abich
German-language surnames
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69018509
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild%20Dreams
|
Wild Dreams
|
Wild Dreams may refer to:
Wild Dreams (Westlife album), 2021
Wild Dreams (Joyce Yang album), 2014
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36667775
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beheshtabad%2C%20Semnan
|
Beheshtabad, Semnan
|
Beheshtabad (, also Romanized as Beheshtābād) is a village in Eyvanki Rural District, Eyvanki District, Garmsar County, Semnan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 39, in 8 families.
References
Populated places in Garmsar County
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6929896
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ornate%20wobbegong
|
Ornate wobbegong
|
The ornate wobbegong (Orectolobus ornatus) is a species of carpet shark that lives in Australia and possibly other countries in the Western Pacific Ocean. It is coloured golden brown, yellow-green and blueish-grey, and it grows to maximum . Described by Charles Walter De Vis in 1883, it is similar in appearance to other Australian wobbegongs and has previously been classified as the same species as the Gulf wobbegong. It is a nocturnal species, hunting at night, and it can bite humans when disturbed. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has listed it as a least-concern species.
Taxonomy
The ornate wobbegong was described by Charles Walter De Vis in 1883. It was previously assumed to be the juvenile form of the Gulf wobbegong (Orectolobus halei), due to similarities between the two species. However, there are multiple differences: for example, the ornate wobbegong is smaller, has a smaller head relative to its body, and is less freckled.
"Banded wobbegong" is an alternative common name for the ornate wobbegong; however, it is also used for the Gulf wobbegong.
Description
The ornate wobbegong's upperside is golden brown in colour with blueish-grey areas, and it is yellow-green on its underside. It has two dorsal fins, a large flat head, and small eyes. Its mouth and lower head are covered with flaps of skin. Juveniles are in total length and sexual maturity is reached at . For adults, the maximum reported size is .
The ornate wobbegong is similar in appearance to the gulf wobbegong and the spotted wobbegong (Orectolobus maculatus). However, it is smaller than the former and it does not have the distinctive O-shaped spots of the latter. The ornate wobbegong also has markings with black edges, further differentiating it from the spotted wobbegong. Its distinct colour pattern provides good camouflage: it is barely discernible when amidst plants on the sea floor. As specimens grow older, however, this pattern becomes less prominent.
Ecology
The ornate wobbegong is a nocturnal species, with most activity and feeding taking place in the nighttime. In the daytime, it has occasionally been known to hunt for food, but generally it is in a "somewhat sleepy state", resting out in the open or under caves and ledges, often on sand or weed bottoms. Habitats include algae-covered sea floors, coral reefs, or bays. The species usually lives in clearer waters than the spotted wobbegong. Its prey consists of crustaceans, fish, and octopuses. A study of the diet of specimens in Port Jackson showed that fish, primarily luderick, moray eels, and snappers, composed 86.5% of the species' diet, and cephalopods composed 13.5% of it.
Reproduction is ovoviviparous and over 12 pups are born at a time. Gestation takes almost a year, with young hatching in September or October. A one-day-old specimen was observed by Neville Coleman to have a full set of teeth and be able to defend itself.
The ornate wobbegong is usually not hostile towards humans, but it can bite when disturbed. It uses its sharp anterior teeth to inflict "shallow but painful wounds". Because it camouflages so well, divers often fail to see it even when they are close, and some are bitten. It has bitten people who go into tide pools, including fishers and waders. It sometimes swims towards nearby divers, possibly with hostile intent. The International Shark Attack File has recorded 32 attacks by wobbegongs species in general because it is difficult to do an accurate identification of wobbegongs.
Distribution
The ornate wobbegong lives in tropical and warm temperate waters no deeper than . It is native to eastern Australia, in the western Pacific Ocean. Reports have been confirmed at Port Stephens and Sydney. Although it has also been reported to live in Indonesia, Japan, and Papua New Guinea, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) states that these reports probably misidentified other fish for this species, which would make the ornate wobbegong endemic to Australia. However, according to the Florida Museum of Natural History, it does live in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. This report has to be verified.
The ornate wobbegong's population is not known, nor whether it is increasing or decreasing. Its main threat in eastern Australia is commercial fishing. A survey from May 2000 to April 2001 concluded that 5,174 total wobbegongs (including other species) were fished and kept in New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, and Western Australia. Its flesh is edible, which makes it a target for human consumption, and its skin has previously been utilised for decoration. It is not threatened currently, as it is only caught in parts of its range and not often. As of 20 February 2015, it is listed as a least-concern species on the IUCN Red List, after two assessments as near threatened in 2003 and 2009.
References
External links
Banded Wobbegong @ Fishes of Australia
ornate wobbegong
Marine fish of Eastern Australia
ornate wobbegong
Taxa named by Charles Walter De Vis
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53670673
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediastinal%20shift
|
Mediastinal shift
|
Mediastinal shift is the deviation of the mediastinal structures towards one side of the chest cavity, usually seen on chest radiograph. It indicates a severe asymmetry of intrathoracic pressures. Mediastinal shift may be caused by volume expansion on one side of the thorax, volume loss on one side of the thorax, mediastinal masses and vertebral or chest wall abnormalities. An emergent condition classically presenting with mediastinal shift is tension pneumothorax. It is also a useful indicator of malignant pleural effusion.
Mediastinal shift may be detected on antenatal ultrasound in certain fetal conditions.
References
Radiologic signs
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57331790
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylisticus
|
Cylisticus
|
Cylisticus is a genus of woodlice in the family Cylisticidae. There are at least 70 described species in Cylisticus.
Species
These 70 species belong to the genus Cylisticus:
Cylisticus albomaculatus Borutzkii, 1957
Cylisticus anatolicus Verhoeff, 1949
Cylisticus annulicornis Verhoeff, 1908
Cylisticus anophthalmus Silvestri, 1897
Cylisticus aprutianus Taiti & Manicastri, 1980
Cylisticus armenicus Borutzkii, 1961
Cylisticus arnoldi Borutzkii, 1961
Cylisticus arnoldii Borutzky, 1961
Cylisticus bergomatius Verhoeff, 1928
Cylisticus biellensis Verhoeff, 1930
Cylisticus birsteini Borutzkii, 1961
Cylisticus brachyurus Radu, 1951
Cylisticus caprariae Ferrara & Taiti, 1978
Cylisticus carinatus Budde-Lund, 1885?
Cylisticus caucasius Verhoeff, 1917
Cylisticus cavernicola Racovitza, 1907
Cylisticus cavernicolus Racovitza, 1907
Cylisticus ciscaucasius Borutzkii, 1961
Cylisticus convexus (De Geer, 1778) (curly woodlouse)
Cylisticus cretaceus Borutzkii, 1957
Cylisticus dentifrons Budde-Lund, 1885
Cylisticus desertorum Borutzkii, 1957
Cylisticus discolor Verhoeff, 1949
Cylisticus dobati Strouhal, 1971
Cylisticus esterelanus Verhoeff, 1917
Cylisticus estest Verhoeff, 1931
Cylisticus giljarovi Borutzkii, 1977
Cylisticus gracilipennis Budde-Lund, 1879
Cylisticus igiliensis Taiti & Ferrara, 1980
Cylisticus iners Budde-Lund, 1880
Cylisticus inferus Verhoeff, 1917
Cylisticus kosswigi Strouhal, 1953
Cylisticus lencoranensis Borutzkii, 1977
Cylisticus ligurinus Verhoeff, 1936
Cylisticus littoralis Ferrara & Taiti, 1978
Cylisticus lobatus Ferrara & Taiti, 1985
Cylisticus lobulatus Strouhal, 1953
Cylisticus major Radu, 1951
Cylisticus masalicus Kashani, 2016
Cylisticus mechthildae Strouhal, 1971
Cylisticus mitis Budde-Lund, 1885
Cylisticus montanus Vandel, 1980
Cylisticus montivagus Verhoeff, 1949
Cylisticus mrovdaghensis Borutzkii, 1961
Cylisticus nasatus Verhoeff, 1931
Cylisticus nasutus Verhoeff, 1931
Cylisticus nivicomes Verhoeff, 1949
Cylisticus opacus Arcangeli, 1939
Cylisticus orientalis Borutzkii, 1939
Cylisticus ormeanus Verhoeff, 1930
Cylisticus pallidus Verhoeff, 1928
Cylisticus pierantonii Arcangeli, 1923
Cylisticus pontremolensis Verhoeff, 1936
Cylisticus pugionifer Verhoeff, 1943
Cylisticus racovitzai Vandel, 1957
Cylisticus rotabilis Budde-Lund, 1885
Cylisticus rotundifrons Schmalfuss, 1986
Cylisticus sarmaticus Borutzkii, 1977
Cylisticus silsilesii (Vandel, 1980)
Cylisticus silvestris Borutzkii, 1957
Cylisticus strouhali Borutzkii, 1977
Cylisticus suberorum Verhoeff, 1931
Cylisticus transsilvanicus Verhoeff, 1908
Cylisticus transsilvaticus Verhoeff, 1908
Cylisticus transsylvanicus Verhoeff, 1908
Cylisticus uncinatus Taiti & Ferrara, 1996
Cylisticus urartuensis Borutzkii, 1961
Cylisticus urgonis Taiti & Ferrara, 1980
Cylisticus vandeli Taiti & Ferrara, 1980
Cylisticus zangezuricus Borutzkii, 1961
References
External links
Isopoda
Articles created by Qbugbot
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19063010
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellis%20Powell
|
Ellis Powell
|
Ellis Powell may refer to:
Ellis Powell (journalist) (1869-1922), British newspaper editor and colleague of Harry Marks
Ellis Powell, an actress who played the lead role in Mrs Dale's Diary
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31271404
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ban%20on%20sharia%20law
|
Ban on sharia law
|
A ban on sharia law is legislation that prohibits the application or implementation of Islamic law (Sharia) in courts in any civil (non-religious) jurisdiction. In the United States for example, various states have "banned Sharia law," or a ballot measure was passed that "prohibits the state’s courts from considering foreign, international or religious law." these include Alabama, Arizona, Kansas, Louisiana, North Carolina, South Dakota and Tennessee. In the Canadian province of Ontario, family law disputes are arbitrated only under Ontario law.
United States
Constitutional prohibitions and accommodations
Because of the Establishment Clause of the United States Constitution, no religious tradition can be established as the basis of laws that apply to everyone, including any form of sharia, Christian canon law, Jewish halakha, or rules of dharma from Indian religions. Laws must be passed in a secular fashion, not by religious authorities. The Free Exercise Clause allows residents to practice any religion or no religion, and there is often controversy about separation of church and state and the balance between these two clauses when the government does or does not accommodate any particular religious practice (for example blue laws that require stores to be closed on Sunday, the Christian holy day).
Direct consultation of any religious law, including any form of sharia, is relatively rare in U.S. jurisprudence and is generally limited to circumstances where the government is accommodating the religious belief of a specific person. This occurs mainly in matters of arbitration and family law. For example, the law may allow parties to submit a dispute for binding arbitration to a mutually agreed-upon religious authority; mandatory arbitration by a specified or mutually-agreed arbitrator is also a common clause in commercial and labor union contracts. Couples with the same religious beliefs may wish to construct marriage contracts and conduct divorces in concordance with those beliefs, and people may also wish to arrange wills and other financial matters in accordance with their own religious principles. If presented as evidence, devotion to peaceful religious principles, along with many other aspects of personality, is commonly considered when judging the character of a person before the law, for example during sentencing or a parole hearing.
Despite the Free Exercise Clause, the 1878 Supreme Court decision in Reynolds v. United States (which concerned the conflict of the Mormon practice of polygamy with anti-bigamy laws) affirmed that secular laws still apply when they contradict religious practices, unless a superseding law establishes a right to a religious accommodation.
The American Bar Association has opposed legislation banning foreign law or sharia as unnecessary, given that existing safeguards against foreign law already protect against rules that are contrary to American foreign policy, including discrimination on the basis of gender and religion.
Background of controversy
In June 2009, a family court judge in Hudson County, New Jersey denied a restraining order to a woman who testified that her husband, a Muslim, had raped her. The judge said he did not believe the man "had a criminal desire to or intent to sexually assault" his wife because he was acting in a way that was "consistent with his practices." A state appeals court reversed his decision. Advocates of the ban in the U.S. have cited this case as an example of the need for the ban.
As of 2014, more than two dozen U.S. states have considered measures intended to restrict judges from consulting sharia law. Arizona, Kansas, Louisiana, South Dakota, Tennessee, North Carolina, and Alabama have "banned sharia,"i.e., passed foreign law bans. In 2010 and 2011, more than two dozen states "considered measures to restrict judges from consulting Shariah, or foreign and religious laws more generally". As of 2013, all but 16 states have considered such a law.
In November 2010, voters in Oklahoma approved a ballot measure to amend the state constitution to ban sharia from state courts. The law was then updated to include all foreign or religious laws.
The law was challenged by an official of the Council on American-Islamic Relations. In November 2010 a federal judge ruled the law to be unconstitutional and blocked the state from putting it into effect.
The court found the ban had the potential to do harm to Muslims. The invalidation of a will and testament using sharia instructions was an example.
That ruling and injunction were upheld by the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals on January 10, 2012.
Missouri also passed a measure banning foreign law in 2013, but Gov. Jay Nixon vetoed the bill "because of its potential impact on international adoptions."
Two other states banning sharia were North Carolina, which prohibited state judges from considering Islamic law in family cases in 2013, and Alabama, where voters passed an Amendment to the State Constitution (72% to 28%) to "ban sharia" in 2014.
Supporters
David Yerushalmi has been called the founder of the movement in America and is described by The New York Times as "working with a cadre of conservative public-policy institutes and former military and intelligence officials" and to pass legislation, "a network of Tea Party and Christian groups" as well as ACT! for America. This has been linked to the counter-jihad movement's efforts, along with legal campaigns to oppose mosque constructions across the US. According to him, the purpose of the anti-sharia movement is not to pass legislation banning sharia law in the courts but "to get people asking this question, ‘What is Shariah?’”.
In 2011, Republicans Sarah Palin, Newt Gingrich and Michele Bachmann warned about what they saw as the threat of sharia law. During the lead-up to Newt Gingrich's presidential campaign 2012, he described sharia law as a "mortal threat" and called for its ban throughout America. Sarah Palin has been quoted as saying that if shariah law “were to be adopted, allowed to govern in our country, it will be the downfall of America.”
At a press conference in the U.S. Capitol, some Republican members of the United States Congress endorsed a new memorandum, based on a Center for Security Policy (CSP) report, Shariah: The Threat To America.
Analysis
A 2013 report by the Brennan Center for Justice warned that the bans may have the unintended effects of invalidating prenuptial agreements and court decisions made in other states where arbitrators may have taken into account Islamic, Jewish or Catholic legal norms. Randy Brinson, the president of the Christian Coalition of Alabama, criticized the ban in Alabama, calling it "redundant and a waste of time".
Historian Justin Tyler Clark argues that the rise of an anti-Sharia movement in the US, more than a decade after the September 11 attacks, is in part a reaction to increasing political correctness in the American society. Clark compares the phenomenon to the 19th century anti-Catholic movement in the US, which, he writes, rose largely in reaction to changes in middle-class American etiquette, interpreted by the nativists as encroachment of an alien ideology on their own social norms.
According to Sadakat Kadri, the ban on sharia laws notwithstanding, "the precepts of Islamic law ... have judicial force in the United States already", among Muslims who have had a dispute settled by Muslim conciliators. The 1925 Federal Arbitration Act allows Muslims, Christians, Jews, etc. to use religious tribunals to arbitrate disagreements and "the judgments that result are given force of law by state and federal courts". The statute "preempts inconsistent state legislation", such as laws to ban sharia.
For American Jews who choose to obey its rulings, a Beth Din (Rabbinical court) "may not merely decide the legal rights of devout Jews; in some cases, it may formally forbid believers from pursuing complaints through the secular judicial system without prior authorization from a rabbi. And Muslims can also have their inheritance, business, and matrimonial disputes sorted out by Islamic scholars, who attempt to decide them according to the sharia." While the US Congress could in theory repeal the act, it could not ban arbitration by Muslims while leaving other religious conciliators free to continue their work. "Any reform would have to impact equally on all faith communities, and it is not only Muslims who would object if federal legislators presumed to do that."
Canada
In 2003-2004, there was a controversy in Ontario over the possibility of Islamic arbitration tribunals. In 1991, Ontario had passed the Arbitration Act, which allowed for legal mediation and arbitration outside of Canadian family law. Some Christian and Jewish groups conducted religious arbitration in accordance with this law; this did not cause controversy. In 2003, an Islamic group declared its intention to set up similar faith-based arbitration, provoking intense media controversy. As a result, the Ontario government commissioned Marion Boyd (the former Attorney General of Ontario) to review the matter. Boyd conducted consultations and concluded that religious tribunals be continued, but should be overseen by other institutions. Public opinion was against both Boyd's report and potential Islamic tribunals. As a result, in 2006, the province of Ontario banned all forms of faith-based arbitrations. As this decision also banned Rabbinical courts, it was criticized by Canadian Jewish groups.
In 2005, the National Assembly of Quebec passed a motion to prevent the use of Islamic courts in Quebec.
Western Europe
United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, Sharia has also become a political issue. A "One law for all" campaign seeks to ban sharia councils and arguing this is "the only way to end discrimination suffered by Muslim women". In 2015, the Conservative Party Home Secretary Theresa May called for an investigation into the application of sharia law in England and Wales if Conservatives win the General Election. A day later the mayor of London, Boris Johnson, told a radio interviewer, he was opposed to "a Sharia system running in parallel with UK justice."
The issue arose in 2008, when the former Archbishop of Canterbury Rowan Williams 'suggested it was "inevitable" that elements of Sharia would be incorporated in British law.' Since then, "Sharia courts" have "never been far from tabloid headlines", according to Myriam Francois-Cerrah. As of 2014, there were reported to be around 85 "shariah courts" in the UK, operated by two rival services – Islamic Sharia Council and the newer, smaller, less strict Muslim Arbitration Tribunal. The councils/tribunals provide arbitration that is voluntary but legally binding, are "officially mandated" and set up outside the court system like another non-secular arbitration institution, the longstanding rabbinical tribunals.
The council/tribunals are defended as providing an essential service for pious Muslims who would simply work with non-government mandated Sharia councils if the government abolished the mandated ones. But they are also criticized for taking the man's side in rulings, for example advising women to forfeit their mahr (marriage dower) in exchange for a divorce. According to legal historian Sadakat Kadri, the Muslim Arbitration Tribunal has "no jurisdiction over criminal matters or cases involving children." A UK-trained lawyer sits "on all its panels, and every decision" is subject to judicial review – "meaning that it was subject to reversal if it disclosed unfair procedures, human rights violations, or any other step that ordinary court considered contrary to the public interest." According to Kadri, British Muslims neither know nor care about the criminal penalties of Sharia law (tazir and hudud) but seek much less controversial services.
In addition to the sharia law of the councils and tribunals, there have also been reports of "vigilante sharia squads" in some places, such as Whitechapel, East London. The legal system of the United Kingdom treats these squads as criminals.
Germany
Sharia law is part of Germany's private law through the regulations of the German international private law. Its application is limited by the order public.
In September 2014, a small group of Muslims wearing mock police uniforms patrolled the streets of the western German city of Wuppertal. They "reportedly hovered around sites like discotheques and gambling houses, telling passers-by to refrain from gambling and alcohol". Following the incident the Interior Minister Thomas de Maizière told the daily newspaper Bild, "Sharia law is not tolerated on German soil." The leader of the "police", Salafist Sven Lau, responded by saying the "sharia police" "never existed" and he only wanted to "raise attention" to sharia. The Central Council of Muslims in Germany (ZMD) condemned the activities.
Greece
The issue of the supremacy of sharia has arisen in Greece where a Muslim woman (Chatitze Molla Sali), has left her husband's estate in his will (a Greek document registered at a notary's office) when he died in March 2008. Her in-laws immediately challenged the bequest with the local mufti (a Muslim jurist and theologian) in the name of sharia law, "which forbids Muslims to write wills" (Islamic law rather than the inheritee determining who gets what from the estate of the deceased). Molla Sali took the dispute to a civil court where she won, but in October 2013, the Greek Supreme Court ruled against her and "established that matters of inheritance among the Muslim minority must be resolved by the mufti, following Islamic laws", in accordance with the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne between Greece and Turkey. Sali has appealed the decision to the European Court of Human Rights.
Muslim-majority countries
Although Turkey is a Muslim-majority country, since Kemal Atatürk's reforms and the creation of the Republic of Turkey, Sharia law was banned in 1924 and new westernized civil and penal codes were adopted in 1926.
In Tunisia, some forms of Sharia law were reinterpreted.
See also
Application of Sharia by country
References
Anti-Islam sentiment
Censorship
Counter-jihad
Islam in the United States
Islam-related controversies in North America
Islamophobia
Sharia
Authoritarianism
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Jarvis
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Robert Jarvis
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Robert or Bob Jarvis may refer to:
Robert Jarvis (rugby league), English rugby league player
Bob Jarvis (politician), member of the House of Commons of Canada
Cob Jarvis (Robert Winston Jarvis), basketball player and coach
Bob Jarvis (rugby league), New Zealand rugby league player
Bob Jarvis (sport shooter), British sports shooter
Rob Jarvis, English television and film actor
Robbie Jarvis, British actor
Pat Jarvis (baseball) (Robert Patrick Jarvis), American baseball player
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya%20monarchs
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Maya monarchs
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Maya monarchs, also known as Maya kings and queens, were the centers of power for the Maya civilization. Each Maya city-state was controlled by a dynasty of kings. The position of king was usually inherited by the oldest son.
Symbols of power
Maya kings felt the need to legitimize their claim to power. One of the ways to do this was to build a temple or pyramid. Tikal Temple I is a good example. This temple was built during the reign of Yikʼin Chan Kʼawiil. Another king named Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal would later carry out this same show of power when building the Temple of Inscriptions at Palenque. The Temple of Inscriptions still towers today amid the ruins of Palenque, as the supreme symbol of influence and power in Palenque.
Succession
Maya kings cultivated godlike personas. When a ruler died and left no heir to the throne, the result was usually war and bloodshed. King Pacal's precursor, Pacal I, died upon the battlefield. However, instead of the kingdom erupting into chaos, the city of Palenque, a Maya capital city in southern Mexico, invited in a young prince from a different city-state. The prince was only twelve years old.
Expansion
Pacal and his predecessors not only built elaborate temples and pyramids. They expanded their city-state into a thriving empire. Under Yikʼin Chan Kʼawiil, Tikal conquered Calakmul and the other cities around Tikal, forming what could be referred to as a super city-state. Pacal achieved in creating a major center for power and development.
Responsibilities
A Maya king was expected to be an excellent military leader. He would often carry out raids against rival city-states. The Maya kings also offered their own blood to the gods. The rulers were also expected to have a good mind to solve problems that the city might be facing, including war and food crises.
Maya kings were expected to ensure the gods received the prayers, praise and attention they deserved and to reinforce their divine lineage. They did this by displaying public rituals such as processions through the streets of their cities. A more private ritual was that of blood sacrifice, which was done by Lords and their wives.
Known rulers of Mayan city-states in the Classic Period
Aguas Calientes
c.790: Chak Lakamtuun
Aguateca
?-770: Ucha'an K'an B'alam – father of Tan Te' Kinich, ruled in the 8th century AD.
770-c.802: Tan Te' K'inich – son of Ucha'an K'an B'alam
Altun Ha
4 December 584-?: Til Man K'inich
La Amelia
Bonampak
Calakmul
The kings of Calakmul were known as k'uhul kan ajawob () ("Divine Lords of the Snake Kingdom"). This list is not continuous, as the archaeological record is incomplete. All dates AD.
Cancuén
Caracol
Cobá
Copán
(Note:Despite the sparse references to previous rulers in Copán, the first safe reference is from 426. All the rulers, with the exception of the last one, appear in the called Altar Q.)
La Corona
c.520-544: Chak Took Ich'aak
c.658: Chak Naahb Kaan
667-679: K'inich Yook
?: Chak Ak'aach Took
c.721: Yajaw Te' K'inich
Dos Pilas
Dzibilchaltun
c.800: Ukuw Chan Chaak
Ek' Balam
Ukit Kan Leʼk Tokʼ
Edzná
Unen-K'awiil (c. 620-638)
Sihyaj Chan K'awiil (c. 636–649)
Kal-Chan-Chaak (649-662)
B'aah Pahk (662-672), wife of the former
Janaab Yook K'inich (672–692)
Hul Janaab Chanek (692-c. 710)
Chan Chawaj (c.711-731)
Aj-Koht-Chowa-Nahkaan (c. 805–850)
Pdrich (850-860s)
Ajan (c.869)
La Florida
?: Sihyaj Chan K'awiil
?: Aj Pat Chan
?: Chakaj Chaak
c.677: Bahlam K'awiil
c.681: K'ahk Ti' Kuy
?: Uh Ti' Kuy
c.700: Tahn Tuun Chaak
c.731: Lady Chaak
731-766: K'ahk Chan Yopaat
c.790: A king, depicted in Stela 1
Holmul
(Note: No known dates)
?: Och Chan Yopaat
?: Sakhb Chan Yopaat Makcha
?: K’inich Tacal Tun
?: Vilaan Chak Tok Vakhab
Ixkun
Ixtutz
c.780: Aj Yaxjal B’aak
Machaquila
La Mar
781-?: Parrot Chaak
Moral Reforma
662-after 690: Muwaan Jol, ascended under king Yuknoom of Calakmul; however, in 690, ascended once again under the king of Palenque.
Motul de San José
701-c.710: Yichte K'inich I
c.700–725: Sak Muwaan
c.725–735: Tayel Chan K'inich
?: Sihyaj K'awiil
c.742–755: Yajaw Teʼ Kʼinich (son of Sak Muwaan)
c.755–779: Lamaw Ek'
Naranjo
Palenque
Mythological and legendary rulers
?-Muwaan Mat c.2325 BC
Uk'ix Chan c.987 BC
Casper c.252 BC
Historical rulers
El Perú
672–692: Lady K'abel
Piedras Negras
Pusilha
c.569–595: K’awiil Chan K’inich (this first ruler and dynasty probably descended from the first dynasty of Naranjo)
c.595–650: K’ahk U’ Ti’ Chan
c.650–670: Muyal Naah K’ukhul K’ahk’ U’
c.670–680: Ruler D
c.680–710: Ruler E
c.710–731: Lady Ich’aak K’inich
c.731–750: K’ahk Chan (began a new line of rulers)
c.750–768: K’ahk Kalav
c.768-c.800?: K’awiil Chan
Quiriguá
Río Azul
Ruler X, not yet satisfactorily deciphered.
Sacul
c.760–790: Ch'iyel
Plan de Ayutla
Seibal
Tamarindito
Teotihuacan
c.378: Spearthrower Owl, ruled when his son took over Tikal.
Tikal
The dynastic line of Tikal, founded as early as the 1st century AD, spanned 800 years and included at least 33 rulers.
Toniná
Ucanal
Itzamnaaj Bahlam, ruled at least between 698 and 702.
Xultun
Yax We'nel Chan K'inich, depicted in a mural of a Late Classic room, 10K2
Yaxchilan
Yaxha
c.799: K'inich Lakamtuun
Yo'okop
c.570: Na Chaʼak Kab, a Kaloomte that may have ruled under the overlord Sky Witness from Calakmul or Dzoyola.
Yootz
14 January 713–730: Yajawte K’inich
c.730-750: K’ahk’ Yohl K’inich
c.750-760: Taxin Chan
El Zapote
c.404?: K’ahk Bahlam
c.439: Chan K’awiil
Zapote Bobal
?: Yukul K’awiil
?: Ti’ K’awiil
?-559: Chan Ahk
c.660: Janaab Ti’O
?-23 IV 663: Itzamnaaj Ahk
Known rulers of Mayan city-states in the Post-Classic Period
Chichen Itzá
c.869–890: K’ak’upakal K’awiil, possibly ruler or a high-ranked official
c.930–950: Ak-Holtun-Bahlam I
?-1047: Ak-Holtun-Bahlam II
1047-?: Poshek Ix Soi
c.1194: Canek
Cocom dynasty
Hunac Ceel, general who conquered the city in the 12th–13th century, and founded a new ruling family.
Iximche
Izamal
c.1000?: Ah Ulil
Mixco Viejo
Q'umarkaj
c.1225–1250: Bahlam Kitze
c.1250–1275: Kʼokʼoja
c.1275–1300: E Tzʼikin
c.1300–1325: Ajkan
c.1325–1350: Kʼokaibʼ
c.1350–1375: Kʼonache
c.1375–1400: Kʼotuja
c.1400–1435: Quqʼkumatz
c.1435–1475: Kʼiqʼabʼ
c.1475–1500: Vahxakʼ i-Kaam
c.1500–1524: Oxib Keh
Uxmal
This city is here included because, despite of being founded in the Classic period, attained the peak of its influence already in the Post Classic.
Tutul Xiu dynasty
c.500: Hun Uitzil Chac, founded the kingdom in year 500.
?: Ah Suytok
c.890–910: K’ahk Pulaj Chan Chaak
987–1007: Ak Mekat
1441–1461: Ah Xiu Xupan
See also
List of rulers of Copan
List of the rulers of Dos Pilas
Rulers of Tikal
Yaxchilan rulers
Maya stelae
References
Further reading
Prager C. Die Inschriften von Pusilha: Epigraphische Analyse und Rekonstruktion der Geschichte einer klassischen Maya-Stätte. Unpublished M.A. Thesis. Bonn: Institut für Altamerikanistik und Ethnologie, Universität Bonn, 2002 P. 220
Prager C., Volta B., Braswell G. The Dynastic History and Archaeology of Pusilha, Belize // The Maya and their Central American Neighbors: Settlement Patterns, Architecture, Hieroglyphic Texts, and Ceramics / Ed. by G. Braswell. — London and New York: Routledge, 2014. — P. 272–281.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie%20Yendell
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Sophie Yendell
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Sophie Yendell (born 6 April 2002) is a swimmer from England, who is a British Champion.
Career
Yendell represented Great Britain at junior level at the 2019 European Junior Championships. She swam for the City of Derby before joining for Derventio Excel in 2019. She also swam for the Pittsburgh Panthers in 2022.
She came to prominence in 2023, after winning the gold medal at the 2023 British Swimming Championships in the 50 metres butterfly.
References
2002 births
Living people
English female swimmers
British female swimmers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rengo%20%28disambiguation%29
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Rengo (disambiguation)
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Rengo may refer to:
Rengo, a city in Chile, located in the O'Higgins Region
RENGO, an umbrella organization that represents the interests of union members in Japan
Rengo (board game), a four-player variant of the board game Go
Rengo Co., Ltd., a Japanese enterprise
Renko (previously known as "Rengo"), a former municipality of Finland
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Criminal%20Court%20investigation%20in%20Venezuela
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International Criminal Court investigation in Venezuela
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A preliminary examination by the International Criminal Court (ICC) to analyze possible crimes against humanity committed in Venezuela is currently open. A preliminary examination was previously opened in 2006, but closed after concluding that the requirements to start an investigation had not been met. In February 2018, the ICC announced that it would open preliminary probes into alleged crimes against humanity performed by Venezuelan authorities since at least April 2017. In 2020, the Office of the Prosecutor of the ICC stated that it believed there was a "reasonable basis" to believe that "since at least April 2017, civilian authorities, members of the armed forces and pro-government individuals have committed the crimes against humanity", and on 2021 ICC Prosecutor Karim Khan announced the opening of an investigation regarding the situation in the country.
Background
By 2006, the Office of the Prosecutor received twelve communications concerning the situation in Venezuela, most of them related to crimes allegedly committed by the Venezuelan government and associated forces and one to crimes alleged to have been committed by opposition groups, but the examination was closed on 9 February 2006 because it was concluded that the Rome Statute requirements to seek authorization to initiate an investigation in the country had not been satisfied.
Preliminary examination
2018
In February 2018, the International Criminal Court (ICC) announced that it would open preliminary probes into alleged crimes against humanity performed by Venezuelan authorities.
In May 2018, a Panel of Independent International Experts appointed by the Secretary General of the Organization of American States (OAS) concluded that reasonable grounds existed to believe that crimes against humanity had been committed in Venezuela dating back to at least 12 February 2014 and recommended that; the Secretary General of the OAS, Luis Almagro, should submit the report and the evidence collected by the General Secretariat of the OAS to the Office of the Prosecutor of the ICC, that he should invite States Parties to the Rome Statute to refer the situation of Venezuela to the Office of the Prosecutor and to call for the opening of an investigation into the facts set forth in the report, in accordance with Article 14 of the Rome Statute.
On 27 September 2018, six states parties to the Rome Statute: Argentina, Canada, Colombia, Chile, Paraguay and Peru, referred the situation in Venezuela since 12 February 2014 to the ICC, requesting the Prosecutor Fatou Bensouda to initiate an investigation on crimes against humanity allegedly committed in the territory. On 28 September, the Presidency assigned the situation to Pre-Trial Chamber I. This was the first time that member States had sought an investigation of potential crimes that took place entirely on the territory of another country.
2020
Nicolás Maduro's Foreign Minister, Jorge Arreaza, filed a complaint in the ICC against the United States on 13 February 2020, arguing that policy of sanctions has resulted in crimes against humanity. Prosecutor Bensouda stated that she informed the ICC Presidency of the referral pursuant to the regulations of the court to enable the assignment of the situation to a Pre-Trial Chamber, noting that the two referrals "appear to overlap geographically and temporally and may therefore warrant assignment to the same Pre-Trial Chamber", but "that this should not prejudice a later determination on whether the referred scope of the two situations is sufficiently linked to constitute a single situation".
In September 2020, the United Nations Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Venezuela published their findings and cited evidence of unlawful executions, enforced disappearances, arbitrary detentions and torture in the country since 2014. The authors called for further action by the International Criminal Court, along with justice and reparations for the victims and their families.
On 2 December 2020, the Organization of American States General Secretariat released a 145-page report expanding on the 2018 report by the Panel of Independent Experts that concluded there was a reasonable basis to believe crimes against humanity were being committed in Venezuela, noting that since 2018 the crimes against humanity in Venezuela had increased in scale, scope, and severity, while criticizing the failure of the Prosecutor of the ICC to conduct her preliminary examination expeditiously and to open an investigation "despite overwhelming evidence of crimes within the Court’s jurisdiction". Two days afterwards, the Office of the Prosecutor responded that it was aware and that it would study the Organisation of American States report and assuring the Office that it sought to "complete preliminary examinations within the shortest time possible", but regretting "the tone and manner of the report" and that Prosecutor and the Office "would not allow external attempts" to interfere with the process. OAS Secretary General Luis Almagro replied shortly after, declaring that the OAS understood due process and that they had "the utmost respect" for the International Criminal Court, but that three years was far too long "not for the OAS", but for the victims in Venezuela.
On 14 December, the Office of the Prosecutor released a report on the office's year activities, stating that it believed there was a "reasonable basis" to believe that "since at least April 2017, civilian authorities, members of the armed forces and pro-government individuals have committed the crimes against humanity." and that it expected to decide in 2021 whether to open an investigation or not.
2021
In May 2021, Maduro's Attorney General, Tarek William Saab, admitted that Fernando Albán, Caracas councilman who died in 2018 while he was detained in the headquarters of the Bolivarian Intelligence Service (SEBIN), did not commit suicide as initially reported by government officials, but killed, and that during the 2017 Venezuelan protests student Juan Pablo Pernalete was killed with a tear gas canister by security forces, something initially denied by senior officials. William Saab would also accuse the ICC "process of lacking transparency". Maduro's vice president, Delcy Rodríguez, described the case against Venezuela in the ICC as a "great farce". The opposition National Assembly headed by Juan Guaidó declared that William Saab sought to prevent the ICC from acting and condemned that command chain was not being investigated.
On July 2, the Pre-Trial Chamber dismissed a request for "judicial control" filed by William Saab, who alleged a lack of complementarity and collaboration of the ICC Office of the Prosecutor with Venezuela. The Chamber dismissed the appeal for its inadmissibility and for being clearly premature.
On 4 November 2021 prosecutor Karim Khan announced the opening of an investigation regarding the situation in Venezuela.
Investigation
2022
On 17 January 2022, the Prosecutor's Office indicated that the administration of Nicolás Maduro had three months to submit its report on investigations into crimes against humanity committed in the country. On 7 April, Tarek William Saab assured that "there is no need" for an investigation by the International Criminal Court.
After failing to provide the requested information, in an attempt to delay the ICC investigation, Venezuela asked Karin Khan on April 15 that his office defer the investigation into possible crimes against humanity, claiming that state institutions were or have investigated such crimes. On April 20, Khan briefed a panel of ICC judges on Venezuela's request, stating that his office would ask the judges to reject the request.
On 1 November, Karin Khan requested the reopening of the Venezuela investigation, just over six months after Venezuela asked the ICC to defer its investigation, stating that "the deferral requested by Venezuela, at this stage, is not justified, and that the resumption of the investigation should be authorized."
In response to the prosecutor's request, the Venezuelan State sent a document on November 10, opposing the direct participation of victims and their representatives and requesting that the investigation be limited to summaries prepared by the ICC's Office of Public Counsel for Victims and only to cases presented by the Office of the Prosecutor. In the document, Venezuela also asks the ICC judges not to allow the participation in the proceedings of Canada, Colombia, Chile, Paraguay and Peru, the member states that referred the situation of Venezuela to the Court. The NGO PROVEA warned that the communiqué was part of the Maduro government's dilatory strategy to paralyze the ICC prosecutor's investigation for as long as possible, expressing: "This communication ratifies the Venezuelan authorities' contempt for the victims and their claims for justice, as well as their unwillingness to genuinely comply with the principle of complementarity".
2023
On February 28, the Venezuelan government issued a statement in which it described the accusations against it as "fallacies" and denied that crimes against humanity have occurred in the country, arguing that the investigation has had a "political character". The NGO Control Ciudadano warned that such actions by the Maduro government sought to discredit the ICC Prosecutor's Office and that it was evidence that the international court should exercise its jurisdiction over the cases under its investigation. Prosecutor Karim Khan responded to the allegations on March 1, stating in a statement that the government's claim that no crimes against humanity had been committed was unsubstantiated and without sufficient evidence and that the Venezuelan authorities had not demonstrated that investigations or trials had been conducted at the domestic level that reflected the scope of the Court's ongoing investigation. The Pre-Trial Chamber asked Venezuela to submit a response of no more than ten pages, with a deadline of April 20. On April 3, Maduro's government accused Khan of "instrumentalizing" justice "for political purposes".
On March 13, the International Criminal Court announced that it had received more than 2,000 forms from victims regarding the consultation on whether or not to continue the investigation. In view of the large number of testimonies received, the Court extended the deadline for receiving forms from March 21 to April 20. On April 20, the Court announced that the consultation process was "broadly participatory" and that applications included 8,900 victims, 630 families and two organizations. The Victims Participation and Reparations Section received 1,875 applications with their views and concerns, including 1,746 forms, 5 videos and 124 emails or other written documents. The information shared by the victims was compiled by the Section in a 57-page report and published the following day. The report describes that the victims "overwhelmingly" requested that the Court continue with the investigation, that the Venezuelan justice system was unwilling to genuinely investigate human rights violations, and describes testimonies of arbitrary detentions, torture, rape and persecution. Venezuelan Foreign Minister Yván Gil Pinto asked the Pre-Trial Chamber for time until May 30 to respond to the requests. The Chamber rejected the request on May 8, ruling that it was not the procedural moment to do so and that at the current stage of the investigation no victim had yet been admitted to participate in the case.
On April 24, the head of the pro-government delegation to the negotiations in Mexico, Jorge Rodriguez, called for a halt to the investigation at the International Criminal Court, stating that one of the objectives of the dialogue with the opposition was to request a halt to the judicial proceedings against the country.
On June 8, Karim Khan made a third visit to Venezuela, where he met with Maduro's attorney general, Tarek William Saab. The meeting was held at the headquarters of the Public Prosecutor's Office in Caracas and the local press did not have access to it. Khan also met with Gladys Gutiérrez, president of the Supreme Tribunal of Justice of Venezuela, and privately with Nicolás Maduro at the Miraflores presidential palace. Human rights organizations questioned the opacity surrounding the visit. During the visit, the agreement to open an ICC office in Caracas was also confirmed, although without a specific public date. Ali Daniels, co-director of the NGO Acceso a la Justicia, argued that the installation of the office would not affect the course of the Court's investigation. Non-governmental organizations requested that the facility agreement be made public.
On June 27, the Pre-Trial Chamber authorized Prosecutor Khan to continue investigations into crimes against humanity in Venezuela. The Chamber found that the domestic investigations in Venezuela did not adequately address the magnitude of the case and had unwarranted periods of inactivity. Maduro's government appealed the decision on July 5, an appeal that was rejected by the Court on July 21.
See also
Human rights in Venezuela
International Criminal Court and the 2003 invasion of Iraq
References
International reactions to the crisis in Venezuela
Venezuela
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24172008
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Songs%20for%20Sentimentalists
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Songs for Sentimentalists
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Songs for Sentimentalists is an album released by Cathy Carr on the RCA Victor label in 1964.
It marks the end of Carr's attempts to revive her commercial pop career, instead opting for an album of standards from the early 20th century.
The Dynagroove process was applied to this album. As of 2009, it has not been rereleased on CD.
Track listing
Side 1:
"Let Me Call You Sweetheart" (Leo Friedman - Beth Slater Whitson) – 2:14
"When I Lost You" (Irving Berlin) – 2:33
"Show Me the Way to Go Home" (James Campbell - Reginald Connelly) – 2:02
"All by Myself" (Irving Berlin) – 2:23
"My Melancholy Baby" (Ernie Burnett - George A. Norton) – 3:05
"I'm Always Chasing Rainbows" (Harry Carroll - Joseph McCarthy) – 1:45
Side 2:
"Me and My Shadow" (Al Jolson - Billy Rose - Dave Dreyer) – 2:20
"After You've Gone" (Turner Layton - Henry Creamer) – 2:15
"Embraceable You" (George Gershwin - Ira Gershwin) – 2:31
"It Had to Be You" (Isham Jones - Gus Kahn) – 2:42
"One for My Baby" (Harold Arlen - Johnny Mercer) – 3:05
"I'll See You in My Dreams" (Isham Jones - Gus Kahn) – 2:44
1964 albums
Cathy Carr albums
RCA Victor albums
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60290716
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skanderbeg%20Square%2C%20Pristina
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Skanderbeg Square, Pristina
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Skanderbeg Square () is a square in Pristina, Kosovo.
Location and history
Following the end of the Kosovo conflict in 1999 and no longer under Serbian rule, Kosovo Albanians in 2001 erected a monument within the centre of Pristina to Skanderbeg, a medieval Albanian who fought against Ottoman forces. Over a journey of four days the statue was brought from Krujë in Albania to the middle of Pristina. The Skanderbeg statue of Pristina shares a similar socialist aesthetic and equestrian posture with minor differences in detail to existing Skanderbeg monuments in Tiranë, Skopje and other places in Europe. Skanderbeg is depicted on a horse with its right leg up in a menacing pose and his sword is outside of its sheath and pointed toward the ground. A war memorial dedicated to the victims of the Kosovo war is present in Skanderbeg square along with a series of photographs depicting the missing from the conflict. Skanderbeg Square is bordered on one side by Rugova Square, a space named after the first Kosovo President Ibrahim Rugova and on the other side by Mother Teresa Boulevard, named after Saint Teresa of Calcutta. Along with Tiranë and Skopje, Pristina is one of three Balkan capitals to install a Skanderbeg statue.
Gallery
See also
Skanderbeg Square in Tiranë, Albania
Skanderbeg Square in Skopje, North Macedonia
References
External links
Geography of Pristina
Tourist attractions in Pristina
Squares in Kosovo
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25338053
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Doyne
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John Doyne
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John Lyons Doyne (March 13, 1912 – January 29, 1997) was a Wisconsin politician and the first County Executive of Milwaukee County, Wisconsin.
Born in Chicago, Illinois, Doyne received his bachelor's degree from Marquette University and then received his law degree from the Marquette University Law School. Doyne practiced law. From 1941 to 1943, he served in the Wisconsin State Assembly. Then Doyne served in the United States Navy in the Pacific during World War II. In 1953, he was appointed Milwaukee County Deputy Treasurer and then in 1954, he was appointed to the Milwaukee County Board of Supervisors. He was vice chairman and then chairman of the board. In 1960, Doyne was elected County Executive of Milwaukee County serving until 1976. His portrait can be seen hanging outside the County Executive offices on the third floor of the Milwaukee County Courthouse. Doyne died of cancer on January 29, 1997, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
References
1912 births
1997 deaths
Marquette University alumni
Marquette University Law School alumni
County supervisors in Wisconsin
Milwaukee County Executives
Politicians from Chicago
Military personnel from Wisconsin
Wisconsin lawyers
20th-century American lawyers
Deaths from cancer in Wisconsin
20th-century American politicians
Republican Party members of the Wisconsin State Assembly
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5408291
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pragmatic%20General%20Multicast
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Pragmatic General Multicast
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Pragmatic General Multicast (PGM) is a reliable multicast computer network transport protocol. PGM provides a reliable sequence of packets to multiple recipients simultaneously, making it suitable for applications like multi-receiver file-transfer.
Multicast is a network addressing method for the delivery of information to a group of destinations simultaneously using the most efficient strategy to deliver the messages over each link of the network only once, creating copies only when the links to the multiple destinations split (typically network switches and routers). However, like the User Datagram Protocol, multicast does not guarantee the delivery of a message stream. Messages may be dropped, delivered multiple times, or delivered out of order. A reliable multicast protocol, like PGM, adds the ability for receivers to detect lost and/or out-of-order messages and take corrective action (similar in principle to TCP), resulting in a gap-free, in-order message stream.
While TCP uses ACKs to acknowledge groups of packets sent (something that would be uneconomical over multicast), PGM uses the concept of negative acknowledgements (NAKs). A NAK is sent unicast back to the host via a defined network-layer hop-by-hop procedure whenever there is a detection of data loss of a specific sequence. As PGM is heavily reliant on NAKs for integrity, when a NAK is sent, a NAK confirmation (NCF) is sent via multicast for every hop back. Repair data (RDATA) is then sent back either from the source or from a Designated Local Repairer (DLR) at some point closer to the destination.
PGM is an IETF experimental protocol. It is not yet a standard, but has been implemented in some networking devices and operating systems, including Windows XP and later versions of Microsoft Windows, as well as in third-party libraries for Linux, Windows and Solaris.
External links
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3208
https://github.com/steve-o/openpgm/
https://web.archive.org/web/20110111200232/http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/12_0t/12_0t5/feature/guide/pgmscale.html
Communications protocols
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3177076
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba%20Metis%20Federation
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Manitoba Metis Federation
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The Manitoba Métis Federation (MMF) is a federally recognized Métis organization provincially incorporated in Manitoba, Canada, on 28 December 1967. Its current president is David Chartrand. In September of 2021, the MMF withdrew from the Métis National Council, due to that organization's failure to uphold the 2002 nationally accepted definition of Métis.
Leadership
The first non-elected Board of Directors was Adam Cuthand, Joe Keeper and Alfred Disbrowe.
The successive presidents of the MMF have been the following.
Activities
During the COVID-19 pandemic, MMF received a $460,200 grant from the Public Health Agency of Canada's Immunization Partnership Fund to increase acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines among Métis citizens in Manitoba.
Further reading
Barkwell, Lawrence J., Leah Dorion, and Audreen Hourie. Métis legacy Michif culture, heritage, and folkways. Métis legacy series, v. 2. Saskatoon: Gabriel Dumont Institute, 2006.
Barkwell, Lawrence J., Leah Dorion and Darren Prefontaine. "Metis Legacy: A Historiography and Annotated Bibliography". Winnipeg: Pemmican Publications Inc. and Saskatoon: Gabriel Dumont Institute, 2001.
Chartrand, Paul L. A. H. Manitoba's Métis Settlement Scheme of 1870. Saskatoon: Native Law Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 1991.
Flanagan, Thomas. Metis Lands in Manitoba. Calgary: University of Calgary Press, 1991.
McFee, Janice. Famous Manitoba Métis. Winnipeg: Manitoba Métis Federation Press, 1974.
Morrison, Sheila Jones. Rotten to the Core The Politics of the Manitoba Métis Federation. Victoria, B.C.: 101060, 1995.
Pelletier, E. A Social History of the Manitoba Métis. Winnipeg: Manitoba Métis Federation Press, 1977.
Sawchuk, Joe. The Metis of Manitoba Reformulation of an Ethnic Identity. Toronto: P. Martin Associates, 1978.
Sealey, D. Bruce. Statutory Land Rights of the Manitoba Metis. Winnipeg, Man: Manitoba Métis Federation Press, 1975.
Sealey, D. Bruce. Education of the Manitoba Metis An Historical Sketch. Winnipeg: Dept. of Education, Native Education Branch, 1977.
St-Onge, Nicole J. M. Saint-Laurent, Manitoba Evolving Métis Identities, 1850-1914. Canadian plains studies, 45. Regina: Canadian Plains Research Center, University of Regina, 2004.
Indigenous rights organizations
Non-profit organizations based in Manitoba
Métis organizations
1967 establishments in Manitoba
References
Indigenous organizations in Manitoba
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68588974
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heldur
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Heldur
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Heldur is an Estonian-language male given name.
People named Heldur include:
Heldur Jõgioja (1936–2010), Estonian musician, composer, writer, journalist
References
Estonian masculine given names
Masculine given names
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44660939
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977%20Intercontinental%20final
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1977 Intercontinental final
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The 1977 Intercontinental Final was the third running of the Intercontinental Final as part of the qualification for the 1977 Speedway World Championship. The 1977 Final was run on 21 August at the White City Stadium in London, England, and the last qualifying stage for riders from Scandinavia, the USA and from the Commonwealth nations, though as the World Final was held at the Ullevi stadium in Göteborg, Sweden, the Swedish riders qualified for the World Final through the Swedish Final held in June.
Reigning World Champion Peter Collins put in an almost flawless performance to claim his second straight Intercontinental Final with a 15-point maximum, though he did make it hard on himself with some poor gating followed by some brilliant riding. Ole Olsen bounced back from his 1976 Intercontinental Final failure by finishing second, while in a battle of the youngsters, 21-year-old Australian Billy Sanders defeated England's 18-year-old British Champion Michael Lee in a runoff for third place after both riders finished on 12 points.
Ivan Mauger, who finished in 5th place at White City, would go on to win the World Championship in Sweden. It was to be his 5th World title win equalling the record held by Sweden's Ove Fundin who was on hand to congratulate the New Zealand rider.
1977 Intercontinental Final
21 August
London, White City Stadium
Referee:
Qualification: Top 7 to the World Final in Göteborg, Sweden.
References
See also
Motorcycle Speedway
1977
World Individual
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43479236
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel%20Romay
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Manuel Romay
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Manuel Romay Santiago (born 29 July 1990) is a Spanish professional footballer playing for CD Arenteiro as a midfielder.
Club career
He commenced his career with Montañeros making 84 appearances between 2009 and 2012. In 2012, he was roped by Deportivo B. Romay said that he was "excited" to play in the team. He made his debut for the club against Celta B.
In June 2014, he signed for Austrian club SC Austria Lustenau. He made his debut against FC Liefering.
References
External links
1990 births
Living people
Men's association football midfielders
Spanish men's footballers
People from Bergantiños
Footballers from the Province of A Coruña
SC Austria Lustenau players
Segunda División B players
Deportivo Fabril players
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39105402
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patsy%20Yuen
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Patsy Yuen
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Patricia Teresa Yuen Leung (born 1952) is a Jamaican designer and beauty pageant titleholder. She was Miss Jamaica World 1973, and the second runner-up in the Miss World pageant that same year.
Early life
Yuen was born to a Hakka Chinese Jamaican family in Kingston. She began playing tennis while in school. She studied marketing management in Miami, Florida. In 1973, she was 21 years old and working as a salesgirl.
Pageant wins
Yuen entered the Miss Jamaica pageant that year, breaking an "informal colour line" which had seen women of Chinese descent voluntarily restricting themselves from participation in such events. On 5 August 1973, she was named the pageant's winner. She went on to a third-place finish in the Miss World 1973 pageant behind Evangeline Pascual of the Philippines and Marjorie Wallace, the pageant's first American winner. However, Wallace was fired from the Miss World duties after the pageant; organisers extended an offer to Pascual to complete the duties of Miss World for the remainder of the year, but without holding the title; when Pascual turned down that offer, organisers next turned to Yuen, who accepted. During the course of her duties, she expressed concern that "winners find themselves coping with financial commitments out of their reach".
Yuen's strong showing in the Miss World pageant elevated her to the status of a national hero in Jamaica, but also exposed her to controversy. While Yuen was growing up, the Chinese Benevolent Association had held annual Miss Chinese Jamaican pageants, but such "openly racialised" events ceased in 1962 after charges from Afro-Jamaican journalists that the ethnic pride on display there was "unpatriotic" and "un-Jamaican". After her win, she was forced into the awkward position of strenuously denying any connection to her Chinese heritage so that she would not "disrupt the official picture of the country's identity", going as far as to make public proclamations that she preferred Jamaican national dishes like ackee and saltfish and entirely disliked Chinese cuisine. Two years later, Jamaica withdrew from participation in Miss World and Miss Universe events amidst public complaints that black contestants faced discrimination from judges and a lack of coverage by British news media.
Later career
Yuen herself went on to become a partner in Manufacturing Company, Ltd., where she worked as a costume designer; she won the Distinguished Salesman of the Year award from the Kingston Gleaner in 1974. She later married fellow Chinese Jamaican Warwick Lyn, a reggae producer best known as the protégé of Leslie Kong, and emigrated to the United States with him. There, she was the organiser of the Miss Jamaica Miami beauty pageant. She would later return to Jamaica, where she worked as a manager for American Airlines in Montego Bay. Ms. Yuen is currently a Senior Manager for Premium Services of Miami and Latin America for American Airlines based in Miami, Florida. She is overseeing the expansion of the Admirals Club, and opening of Flagship First Dining and Flagship Lounge in MIA.
References
External links
Photo of Yuen being photographed by Les McCann and Joe Frazier's manager Yank Durham after the 1973 Frazier–Foreman bout, from Jet Magazine
Photo of Yuen posing with The Chi-Lites during their Caribbean tour in 1974, from Jet Magazine
Photo of Yuen at the 2008 Air Jamaica Jazz and Blues Festival, from The Gleaner
1952 births
Living people
Jamaican emigrants to the United States
Jamaican people of Chinese descent
American people of Chinese descent
Miss World 1973 delegates
Miss Jamaica World winners
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1711609
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Website%20wireframe
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Website wireframe
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A website wireframe, also known as a page schematic or screen blueprint, is a visual guide that represents the skeletal framework of a website.
The term wireframe is taken from other fields that use a skeletal framework to represent 3 dimensional shape and volume.
Wireframes are created for the purpose of arranging elements to best accomplish a particular purpose.
The purpose is usually driven by a business objective and a creative idea. The wireframe depicts the page layout or arrangement of the website's content, including interface elements and navigational systems, and how they work together. The wireframe usually lacks typographic style, color, or graphics, since the main focus lies in functionality, behavior, and priority of content. In other words, it focuses on what a screen does, not what it looks like. Wireframes can be pencil drawings or sketches on a whiteboard, or they can be produced by means of a broad array of free or commercial software applications. Wireframes are generally created by business analysts, user experience designers, developers, visual designers, and by those with expertise in interaction design, information architecture and user research.
Wireframes focus on:
The range of functions available
The relative priorities of the information and functions
The rules for displaying certain kinds of information
The effect of different scenarios on the display
The website wireframe connects the underlying conceptual structure, or information architecture, to the surface, or visual design of the website. Wireframes help establish functionality and the relationships between different screen templates of a website. An iterative process, creating wireframes is an effective way to make rapid prototypes of pages, while measuring the practicality of a design concept. Wireframing typically begins between “high-level structural work—like flowcharts or site maps—and screen designs.” Within the process of building a website, wireframing is where thinking becomes tangible.
Wireframes are also utilized for the prototyping of mobile sites, computer applications, or other screen-based products that involve human-computer interaction.
Uses of wireframes
Wireframes may be utilized by different disciplines. Developers use wireframes to get a more tangible grasp of the site's functionality, while designers use them to push the user interface (UI) process. User experience designers and information architects use wireframes to show navigation paths between pages. Business Analysts use wireframes to visually support the business rules and interaction requirements for a screen. Business stakeholders review wireframes to ensure that requirements and objectives are met through the design. Professionals who create wireframes include business analysts, information architects, interaction designers, user experience designers, graphic designers, programmers, and product managers.
Working with wireframes may be a collaborative effort since it bridges the information architecture to the visual design. Due to overlaps in these professional roles, conflicts may occur, making wireframing a controversial part of the design process. Since wireframes signify a “bare bones” aesthetic, it is difficult for designers to assess how closely the wireframe needs to depict actual screen layouts. To avoid conflicts it is recommended that business analysts who understand the user requirements, create a basic wire frame and then work with designers to further improve the wireframes. Another difficulty with wireframes is that they don't effectively display interactive details because they are static representations. Modern UI design incorporates various devices such as expanding panels, hover effects, and carousels that pose a challenge for 2-D diagrams.
The main benefit of wireframes is that they can be used to iterate on any interface in an agile manner. This happens through a process oftentimes referred to as usability tests, where users are provided with an opportunity to interact with the interface and either think aloud about their thought process or answer more structured questions throughout. After each trial with a user, a user experience researcher can identify common interactions with the interface, synthesize the data, and redesign accordingly.
Due to the generally lower-fidelity nature of wireframe, it is very easy and cost-efficient to make changes. The point of a wireframe is to capture the design of the fundamental structure, high-level interaction pattern within an interface, otherwise known as the critical points, so it really allows a designer to work quickly, perfect for an agile environment where group members work collaboratively to "sprint" to the next iteration.
Wireframes may have different levels of detail and can be broken up into two categories in terms of fidelity, or how closely they resemble the end product.
Low-fidelity
Resembling a rough sketch or a quick mock-up, low-fidelity wireframes can be quickly produced. These wireframes help a project team communicate ideas and collaborate more effectively since they are more abstract, using rectangles and labeling to represent content. Dummy content, Latin filler text (lorem ipsum), sample or symbolic content are used to represent data when real content is not available. For example, instead of using actual images, a placeholder rectangle can be used.
Low-fidelity wireframes can be used to facilitate team communication on a project and is used in the early stages of a project.
High-fidelity
High-fidelity wireframes are often used for documenting because they incorporate a level of detail that more closely matches the design of the actual webpage, thus taking longer to create.
For simple or low-fidelity drawings, paper prototyping is a common technique. Since these sketches are just representations, annotations—adjacent notes to explain behavior—are useful. For more complex projects, rendering wireframes using computer software is popular. Some tools allow the incorporation of interactivity including Flash animation, and front-end web technologies such as, HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
High fidelity wireframes include more real content, specific typography choices, and information on image dimensions. Unlike low fidelity wireframes, high fidelity wireframes can include actual images. Color choices are not included, but different values in color can be represented in grayscale.
Elements of wireframes
The skeleton plan of a website can be broken down into three components: information design, navigation design, and interface design. Page layout is where these components come together, while wireframing is what depicts the relationship between these components.
Information design
Information design is the presentation—placement and prioritization of information in a way that facilitates understanding. Information design is an area of user experience design, meant to display information effectively for clear communication. For websites, information elements should be arranged in a way that reflects the goals and tasks of the user.
Navigation design
The navigation system provides a set of screen elements that allow the user to move page to page through the website. The navigation design should communicate the relationship between the links it contains so that users understand the options they have for navigating the site. Often, websites contain multiple navigation systems, such as a global navigation, local navigation, supplementary navigation, contextual navigation, and courtesy navigation.
Interface design
User interface design includes selecting and arranging interface elements to enable users to interact with the functionality of the system. The goal is to facilitate usability and efficiency as much as possible. Common elements found in interface design are action buttons, text fields, check boxes, radio buttons and drop-down menus.
See also
Blueprint
Comprehensive layout
Graphic design
Information architecture
Interaction design
User experience design
User interface design
Web design
References
Web design
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12199607
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl%20Gardner%20%28basketball%29
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Earl Gardner (basketball)
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Earl Barton Gardner Jr. (September 18, 1923 – October 15, 2005) was an American professional basketball player.
A 6'3" (1.90 m) forward from DePauw University, Gardner played one season which started as the BAA and ended as the NBA (1948–49) in the Basketball Association of America as a member of the Minneapolis Lakers. He averaged 1.8 points per game and was on the first team to win the NBA World Championship title.
After leading the New Market Flyers to 3 consecutive county titles, he graduated Valedictorian from New Market High School in 1941. He attended Wabash College for a while, and then enlisted in the U.S. Navy where he became an Ensign assigned to the USS Cassin. In 1946, he enrolled at DePauw University to complete his bachelor's degree. Later he received his master's degree from Indiana University.
Twice while at DePauw, he was named Little All-American, he led the Depauw Tigers in scoring for three seasons, scoring 683 points. After his professional playing, he entered the high coaching ranks and spent 23 years as Varsity Basketball Coach and 33 years as a guidance counselor and teacher.
BAA career statistics
Regular season
Playoffs
References
External links
Full name and statistics from Lakers' Universe.com
1923 births
2005 deaths
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Indiana
DePauw Tigers men's basketball players
Minneapolis Lakers draft picks
Minneapolis Lakers players
People from Montgomery County, Indiana
Small forwards
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12114116
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisters%20of%20the%20Infant%20Jesus
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Sisters of the Infant Jesus
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The Sisters of the Infant Jesus, also known as the Dames of Saint Maur, are a religious institute of the Catholic Church originating from Paris, France and dedicated to teaching.
History
Origins
In 1659 Barré, who was a respected scholar within his Order, was sent to the monastery of the Order in Rouen. He became widely known as a preacher and his sermons attracted a large audience. In 1662 Barré saw the need for the education of the poor in France.
France in the late 17th century was suffering from the effects of the Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659) and a terrible plague. As a result of his efforts to promote a planned parish mission in the nearby village of Sotteville-lès-Rouen, Barré came to see the suffering of the local population. To enable parents to attend the mission, Barré asked two young women to come and help with the children. One was a local resident, Françoise Duval, 18 years old, the other was Marguerite Lestocq, then aged 20, who, like him, was from Amiens and with whom he had family connections.
He saw the need to make basic education more accessible to all. There were hardly any schools for girls and very few for boys. Most primary school teachers were poorly educated and religious education was almost non-existent; there was profound ignorance of the Catholic faith. In 1662, half the children in Rouen died of famine. Many were homeless and wandered the streets as beggars and, for some, prostitution became one of the few means of livelihood available.
They began to give daily classes to young girls in a room which they were allowed to use, spending that year in this work. Soon three other young women joined them, and two separate schools were opened. Barré would visit the classes frequently, guiding the young women in how to teach and deal with both the children and their parents, drawing upon his own rigorous education under the Jesuits and his experience as a professor. He taught them the value of “instruction and education” and from the beginning he trained the young teachers to respect the uniqueness of each child and to develop each one’s potential. The teachers were to speak in a humble, gentle and simple manner so that even the youngest could understand, and they were to teach only what they themselves had adequately grasped.
As the enrollment increased, more schools were established, and four years later, the ladies in charge of these schools began to live in a community under a Superior. This was the beginning of a religious congregation whose main work was the education of the poor.
The year 1666 saw the founding of the Congregation of the Sisters of the Infant Jesus. After several years of teaching in the schools, the five young women were invited by Barré to consider becoming part of a committed community. After some reflection, they felt that they were indeed called to this way of life and agreed. These women were not bound by religious vows or confined to a cloister. They were free to serve the local community and provide free education for poor children. They committed themselves to this in a legal document drawn up in 1669, becoming called the Charitable Teachers of the Infant Jesus (). As part of their living in trust in God, it was established that the material needs of the schools were to be handled by women outside the new community.
Expansion and division
Due to his declining health, in 1675 Barré was sent to the Minim monastery in Paris. Though limited in his activities, he promoted new foundations of his "charitable schools of Providence", starting with two, Saint Jean en Grèves and Saint Nicolas des Champs, training teachers, both men and women for them. He urged his teachers not to wait until pupils arrived at the school; they were to seek out especially those who might be at risk. He also set up trade schools so that girls could earn a living. Again, the education offered was to be entirely free and any profit derived from the pupils’ work was to go to them.
In 1677 Barré began to send teachers to other locations in France, starting with his native Picardy, reaching as far as New France in North America. These women were not part of a religious institute, and so were free to serve their local communities as needed, without the barriers that status would have imposed at that time.
Around that time, he acquired a house located on the Rue Saint Maur in the 6th arrondissement of Paris (now called the Rue de l'Abbé Grégoire), which was to become the motherhouse of the Institute. In 1677 a convent was established in Rue Saint Maur, Paris (ii) and the Sisters were subsequently known as the "Dames of St. Maur". In 1678, Barré founded a novitiate for the sisters on the Seine.
The Daughters of Providence were members of a Catholic religious congregation for women founded in 1643, by a pious widow, Marie Polaillon (née de Lumague) under a Rule of Life drawn up by Vincent de Paul. The Daughters would profess annual vows of obedience, chastity, service and stability. In 1681 several houses of the congregation merged with the Sisters of the Congregation of the Holy Infant Jesus, becoming the Sisters of St. Maur and of Providence. A number of ‘Little Charitable Schools’ were established throughout France. In 1683 Mother Françoise Duval, one of the foundresses, was sent to open a school in Lisieux. At the time of Barré's death in 1686, there were over 100 schools being operated by the Sisters of the Holy Infant Jesus throughout France.
Throughout his life, Barré had refused to allow the schools to accept benefices as a means of support, determined to place his trust in God alone, and was followed in this commitment by the teachers of the Institute. Upon his death, however, the lay trustees in Paris and Rouen, who were in charge of the finances of the schools and the teachers who staffed them, strongly disagreed over whether or not to continue this practice.
This was eventually referred to the royal court, and, in 1691, King Louis XIV divided the Institute into three independent groups, with motherhouses in Rouen, Paris and Lisieux.
The Sisters in the original communities became known as the Sisters of Providence of Rouen and in 1921 became a congregation of diocesan right, under the authority of the local bishops where they served, with a missionary outreach in Madagascar and Central Africa.
The group based in Lisieux also became a diocesan congregation.
The Sisters of St Maur in Paris became an institute of pontifical right with communities in five continents.
Current era
Southeast Asia
In 1849 a Catholic missionary in the Straits Settlements, Reverend Father Jean-Marie Beurel, a native of Saint-Brieuc in France, suggested to the colonial governor, William John Butterworth, that it might be worthwhile to found a charitable organisation for girls next to the Church in Victoria Street. In August 1852, Beurel bought the house at the corner of Victoria Street and Bras Basah Road. Beurel then appealed to the Superior General of the congregation in France for Sisters to run a school.
Malaysia
Four Sisters were sent to the East. After a long and perilous voyage, one had died at sea, three of them landed at Penang in April 1852. That same year, the three Sisters established a convent that contained an orphanage and school in Penang. In September 1852, the Congregation sent four Sisters to Penang, with Mother Mathilde Raclot in charge, to guide and support the group of sisters who had arrived earlier. The school, Convent Light Street (Malay: SMK Convent Lebuh Light), is Penang's oldest girls' school and has occupied its current site along Light Street near historic George Town for over 150 years. While on the peninsula, the Sisters continued establishing schools with help from the local community such as Kuala Lumpur's oldest girls' school Convent Bukit Nanas and the only Chinese convent girls school Convent Datuk Keramat in Penang. In 1952, St Bernadette's convent school was built in Pusing Road, Batu Gajah Perak with land donated and funds raised from communities. During World War II, the Japanese invaded Malaya and either took over or closed down many such mission schools, notably the iconic Convent Primary School in the hills of Tanah Rata. The Tanah Rata convent is one of the few in the region which still contains an operating school and a church. Today, CHIJ schools can be found in most states and many major cities and they continue to educate local girls of all races and religions.
Singapore
In February 1854, three Sisters led by Rev. Mother Mathilde Raclot arrived in Singapore from Penang and set up the convent in Singapore at Victoria Street. Soon they also started a Convent Orphanage and a Home for Abandoned Babies as they found day-old babies were being left at their doorstep.
To raise funds for their work, Mother Mathilde taught needlework to her fellow nuns and their students, and they sold their products to the wives of the local Chinese merchants. The school became well-known and within ten years, the enrollment had increased to 300. Secondary education began in 1905. Under Mother Hombeline, the expansion programme continued.
The convent occupied a full street block bordered by Bras Basah Road, Stamford Road, Victoria St and North Bridge Road. The iconic church was deconsecrated during the 1980s. Part of the Sisters' quarters has been demolished and converted into SMRT Corporation offices. Most of the original buildings were redeveloped as part of the Heritage Board's preservation scheme. The complex has since been redeveloped into a high-end retail complex called CHIJmes while the church is now a popular attraction for tourists and those interested in history.
The eleven CHIJ schools in Singapore can trace their history to the Victoria Street convent. Satellite schools were founded before and after World War II. The "original" convent school is the present-day CHIJ Secondary and CHIJ Primary schools in Toa Payoh. CHIJ Saint Nicholas Girls' School (CHIJ SNGS) was co-located on the same site and functioned as the Chinese section while CHIJ Secondary and Primary were English-medium. After the abolition of vernacular schools, CHIJ SNGS was granted SAP status. All three schools moved out of the Victoria Street complex during the 1980s into larger and more spacious facilities.
East Asia
Japan
In 1872, Mother Mathilde led the first group of French nuns to Japan and founded the Saint Maur International School in Yokohama, where they teach and cared for the disadvantaged Japanese women and children. Mother Mathilde Raclot died, aged 97, in 1911 whilst still in Yokohama, Japan, and buried there.
Europe
The shortage of English teachers forced the Sisters to turn to the British Isles in hopes of recruiting and training potential missionary teachers. In 1909, Mother St Beatrice Foley, who had returned from Singapore, established Drishane Convent in Ireland. It had a "knitting school" for younger girls and was also used to train teachers for the Asian mission. Less than half a decade after opening, the convent was churning out teachers and Sisters and sending them to Asia and South America.
South America
The Sisters first set foot in South America during the 1960s. Some of the Spanish-speaking Sisters arrived in Peru in 1967 and have since expanded to several other countries in the continent.
Motto
The motto is Simple dans ma vertu, Forte dans mon devoir, which is often translated into "Simple in Virtue, Steadfast in Duty", is featured on the badges of IJ schools worldwide. Depending on the individual school and country, the motto may be in either English or French, or in the native language the school is located in.
Schools
England
St Maur's Convent School, Weybridge (merged with St George's College in 2000)
Japan
Futaba Gakuen (ja), Yokohama
Saint Maur International School, Yokohama
Thailand
Mary Immaculate Convent School, Mueang Chonburi District
Convent of the Holy Infant Jesus, Bangkok (English medium)
Infant Jesus School, Banphai (Thai medium)
Mahatinonsombull School
Malaysia
Incomplete list
Primary
SK Marian Convent, Ipoh Perak
SK Convent Light Street, Penang
SK Convent Green Lane, Penang
SK Convent Butterworth, Penang
SJK (C) Convent Datuk Keramat, Penang (ms)
SJK (C) Notre Dame,Malacca
SK Convent of the Holy Infant Jesus 1 & 2, Malacca
SK Convent Father Barre, Sungai Petani, Kedah
SK Convent of the Holy Infant Jesus, Johor Bahru
SJK (C) Ave Maria Convent, Ipoh, Perak
SJK St Bernadette's convent, Batu Gajah, Perak
SK Convent of the Holy Infant Jesus, Seremban (1904-1994)
Secondary
SMJK Ave Maria Convent, Ipoh, Perak
SMK Convent Bukit Mertajam, Penang
SMK Convent Bukit Nanas, KL
SMK Convent Butterworth, Penang
SMK Convent Jalan Peel, KL
SMJK Convent Datuk Keramat, Penang
SMK Convent Ipoh, Perak
SMK St Bernadette's convent, Batu Gajah, Perak
SMK Convent Klang, Selangor
SMK Convent Light Street, Penang
SMK Convent Green Lane, Penang
SMK Convent Muar, Johor
SMK Convent Pulau Tikus, Penang
SMK Convent Taiping, Perak
SMK St. Nicholas Convent, Alor Setar, Kedah
SMK Infant Jesus Convent Johor Bahru
SMK Infant Jesus Convent, Malacca
SMK Notre Dame Convent, Malacca
SMK Convent, Kajang (ms)
SMK Convent of the Holy Infant Jesus, Seremban (1904-1994)
Note that mission schools were nationalised by the government during the 1980s and are no longer directly under their respective religious institutions. The IJ schools are no longer run by nuns but still retain the historic crest and motto, albeit translated in Malay. A rare few may still have a nun working in a chaplaincy or pastoral capacity.
Republic of Ireland
Drishane Convent
Scoil Íosa (now part of Malahide Community School)
Spain
Colegio Niño Jesús, Burgos
Colegio Blanca de Castilla, Madrid
Escola Infant Jesús, Barcelona
Singapore
Primary
CHIJ (Katong) Primary
CHIJ (Kellock)
CHIJ Our Lady of Good Counsel
CHIJ Our Lady of the Nativity – formerly CHIJ Ponggol
CHIJ Our Lady Queen of Peace – formerly CHIJ Bukit Timah
CHIJ Primary (Toa Payoh)
Secondary
CHIJ Katong Convent
CHIJ Secondary (Toa Payoh)
CHIJ Saint Joseph's Convent
CHIJ Saint Theresa's Convent
Full
CHIJ Saint Nicholas Girls' School
See also
Saint Maur International School, Japan
References
External links
IJ Sisters International
Nicolas Barre's writing
Infant Jesus Sisters' Archives
Local websites
Ireland & England
Japan
Singapore
CHIJ Alumni Singapore
1675 establishments in France
Catholic religious institutes established in the 17th century
Catholic teaching orders
Catholic female orders and societies
Religious organizations established in the 1660s
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cap-Vert%20%28volcano%29
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Cap-Vert (volcano)
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Cap-Vert is a volcanic field in Senegal with a surface of . The field covers the Cape Verde peninsula close to Dakar and was active until 600,000 years ago. It consists of a number of outcrops and two high hills. The position of the dykes and lava flows has been influenced by local fault systems.
References
Sources
Pleistocene volcanoes
Geography of Senegal
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%201978%20Seattle%20Mariners%20draft%20picks
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List of 1978 Seattle Mariners draft picks
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The following is a list of 1978 Seattle Mariners draft picks. The list includes the June regular draft (Rule 4 draft), the June secondary draft, and the January regular draft, and January secondary draft. In all of the drafts, the Mariners made 34 selections, including 12 pitchers, 6 catchers, 5 outfielders, 3 utility players, 3 shortstops, 2 first basemen, 1 infielder, 1 third baseman, and 1 second baseman. Six players drafted by the Mariners in 1978 went on to play in Major League Baseball.
Drafts
Key
June regular draft
June secondary draft
January regular draft
January secondary draft
See also
List of Seattle Mariners first-round draft picks
References
General references
Inline citations
External links
Seattle Mariners official website
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11252704
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Bulleteers
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The Bulleteers
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The Bulleteers (1942) is the fifth of seventeen animated Technicolor short films based upon the DC Comics character of Superman, originally created by Jerry Siegel & Joe Shuster. This animated short was created by Fleischer Studios. The story runs about nine minutes and covers Superman's adventures as he defends the city against a villainous gang called "The Bulleteers", who are equipped with a bullet-shaped rocket car. It was originally released on March 27, 1942.
Plot
The story begins as the clock strikes midnight. A strange, bullet-shaped rocket car blows right through the police department, leaving an explosion in its wake. The paper the next day reports the destruction of the building and the bafflement of the police. Perry White calls Lois Lane and Clark Kent into his office. Just as he is explaining the report, the sound of a loudspeaker comes in through the window. The leader of the "Bulleteers", as Lois later calls them, is shown announcing from his hideout atop a mountain outside of town, the demands of his gang. Over the speaker, Clark, Lois, Perry, and the rest of the town hear it: "Turn over the city treasury or other municipal buildings will be next as their last warning!"
Later that day, Lois asks the mayor what he is doing about the problem. The mayor announces that he will not be swayed by criminals. At the same time, policemen all over town set up sandbag fortifications for their machine guns and searchlights in preparation for the Bulleteers. At midnight, the gang strikes again, first destroying the town's power plant, bullets from defending policemen bouncing harmlessly off the bullet car's sleek surface. Lights in the Daily Planet flicker on and off, and Lois takes off in a car to get closer to the scene, leaving Clark behind. Clark takes the opportunity to enter a nearby phone booth and don his Superman costume.
The Bulleteers take aim now at the city's treasury building, but Superman steps in front of them and knocks the rocket car off course. As they struggle to regain control, he leaps in the air and grabs its front trying again to force it off-course, but the Bulleteers, through wild maneuvering, manage to shake him off the car to the ground below. Superman lunges to keep them from the treasury, only to arrive too late. Piles of rubble from the explosion bury him.
Lois Lane arrives at the scene in time to see the gang throwing bags of money into their car. She sneaks into its cockpit and tries to smash the controls with a wrench, but the gang returns, taking off with her. Superman, meanwhile, emerges from the rubble and chases after the car, grasping it by one of its retractable wings, and then by its tail fins to throw it off course. As it spirals downward, he claws his way to the cockpit, rips it open, and pulls Lois and the three gangsters out. The car crashes to the ground far below.
The newspaper on the next day reports Superman's heroic feat and the gangsters' arrest for their rampage. Reading it, Clark remarks, "Nice going, Lois. Another great scoop for you". Lois replies, "It was easy, thanks to Superman".
Cast
Bud Collyer as Clark Kent/Superman, Bulleteer, Police Officer, Printer
Joan Alexander as Lois Lane
Julian Noa as Perry White, Mayor
Jackson Beck as the Narrator
Appearances
In Superman: Doomsday, the restored bullet car appears as one of Superman's trophies in his Fortress of Solitude.
The line "We won't be intimidated by criminal threats" has been used in various promos for the action cartoon block Toonami.
References
External links
The Bulleteers at the Internet Archive
The Bulleteers at the Internet Movie Database
1942 short films
1942 animated films
1940s American animated films
1940s animated short films
1940s animated superhero films
Superman animated shorts
Fleischer Studios short films
Short films directed by Dave Fleischer
Flying cars in fiction
Paramount Pictures short films
Rotoscoped films
1940s English-language films
American animated short films
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaacov%20Bar-Siman-Tov
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Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov
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Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov (1946–2013) was an Israeli international relations and conflict resolution scholar.
Biography
Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov received a bachelor's degree in Middle Eastern studies and Political Science, as well as a master's degree and a Doctorate in International Relations, all from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
Academic career
He was the Giancarlo Elia Valori Professor of International Relations at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, where he held the "Chair for the Study of Peace and Regional Cooperation". He was also the Director of the "Swiss Center for Conflict Research, Management and Resolution" at the Hebrew University, and the Head of the Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies. A recipient of the Israeli Association for International Studies' Lifetime Achievement Award, Professor Bar-Siman-Tov was a noted expert in the fields of management and resolution of international conflicts; negotiation; decision-making; and the Arab–Israeli conflict.
He was also a member of the Arabic and Middle Eastern Studies Advisory Board at Yale University Press; member of the "Global Faculty of Education for Peace" at the "International Education for Peace Institute"; and an Associate Partner at the "Jerusalem Peace Academy". He is listed in Who's Who in Academia, and in Who's Who in International Organizations.
In 2000, Bar-Siman-Tov founded the Swiss Center for Conflict Research, Management and Resolution at the Hebrew University, the first center for the study of conflict resolution in Israel. He has been serving as the Swiss Center's Director ever since.
Since 2003, he has also been the Head of the Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies, an independent, non-partisan, think-tank which provides data, policy papers, and professional analyses for a variety of governmental bodies, public institutions, civil organizations, decision-makers, researchers, and the general public.
He also held several additional senior academic positions at the Hebrew University, including "Chair of the International Relations Department" (1993–1996); "Chair of the Social Sciences Faculty Teaching Committee" (1996–1997); and "Director of the Leonard Davis Institute for International Relations" (1997–2003).
Published works
Bar-Siman-Tov has written extensively in the fields of international relations, negotiation, decision-making, and the Arab Israeli conflict. Since the 1990s, his research primarily has focused on conflict resolution, and on management and resolution of international conflicts.
He is the author of seven books:
The Israeli-Egyptian War of Attrition 1969-1970: A Case Study of Limited Local War (Columbia University Press, 1980). It won the "Landau Prize" for the best book on Middle East studies for the year 1982.
Linkage Politics in the Middle East: Syria Between Domestic and External Conflict, 1961-1970 (Westview Press, 1983)
Israel the Superpowers and the War in the Middle East (Praeger, 1987)
Israel and the Peace Process, 1977-1982: In Search of Legitimacy for Peace (SUNY Press, 1994)
The Transition from War to Peace: The Complexity of Decisionmaking - The Israeli Case (The Tami Steinmetz Center for Peace Research, 1996)
The Disengagement from the Gaza Strip and Northern Samaria: Evacuation, Compensation and Legitimization (The Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies, 2007; with Keren Tamir)
Justice and Peace in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict (Routledge, 2015)
He is also the editor of several books, including:
The Yom Kippur War: A New Perspective (The Leonard Davis Institute, 1999; with Chaim Ophaz)
Stable Peace Among Nations (Rowman and Littlefield, 2000; with Arie M. Kacowicz, Ole Elgstrom, and Magnus Jerneck)
From Conflict Resolution to Reconciliation (Oxford University Press, 2004)
As the Generals See It: The Collapse of the Oslo Process and the Violent Israeli-Palestinian Conflict (The Leonard Davis Institute for International Relations, 2004)
The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict from a Peace Process to a Violent Confrontation: 2000-2005 (Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies, 2006) It won the Yitzhak Sadeh Prize for the best book in military studies for the year of 2006.
The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: From Conflict Resolution to Conflict Management (Palgrave-Macmillan, 2007)
Forty Years in Jerusalem1967-2007 (The Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies, 2009; with Ora Ahimeir)
''The Disengagement Plan - An Idea Shattered(The Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies, 2009)
Barriers to Peace in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict (The Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies, 2010)
References
1946 births
2013 deaths
Academic staff of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
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2431879
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris%20Taft
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Chris Taft
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Chris Taft (born March 10, 1985) is an American basketball player.
NCAA career
Chris Taft was born in Brooklyn, New York, and began his college career at the University of Pittsburgh after graduating from Xaverian High School in Brooklyn. Taft won the Big East Conference Rookie of the Year Award in his Freshman season and set the all-time Pittsburgh season record for field goals made as a freshman (162). Taft also earned Third Team All Big East Honors as a Freshman.
In 2004–05, Taft averaged 26.5 minutes per game, 13.3 points per game, 7.5 rebounds per game, and 1.7 blocks per game, and shot 58.5% from the field. After Pittsburgh suffered a loss to the University of the Pacific in the first round of the NCAA Tournament, Taft announced his entry into the 2005 NBA draft. Shortly after announcing his departure from Pittsburgh, Taft hired an agent and indefinitely lost his NCAA eligibility. Taft went to the Chicago Annual Predraft Camp which began his post-college career.
Professional career
Chris Taft entered the NBA draft as a projected first rounder, but he fell into the second round. Ultimately, he was picked by the Golden State Warriors 42nd overall, with the pick they got from the New Jersey Nets in exchange for Clifford Robinson.
Taft played in only 17 games in his rookie season as a result of back spasms that ended his season in early January. He had surgery in 2006 to repair a herniated disc and has yet to return to the court in a professional game. In his limited playing time, Chris averaged 2.8 points and 2.1 rebounds in 8.5 minutes per game.
His two major career games consist of Golden State's game against the Chicago Bulls on November 9, 2005, where Taft scored 7 points in 19 minutes, and Golden State's game against the Atlanta Hawks on November 2, where he had another professional career high of three blocks.
Taft was unable to play during the 2006–07 NBA preseason due to recurring back spasms and inflammation. On October 27, 2006, he was waived by the Warriors and became a free agent.
In November 2011, Taft was selected by the Springfield Armor in the fourth round of the NBA D-League Draft.
In August 2012, Chris Taft signed a contract to play in Finland with Korihait.
In December Korihait release Taft, because of health reasons.
References
External links
Finnish League profile
1985 births
Living people
African-American basketball players
American expatriate basketball people in Finland
Golden State Warriors draft picks
Golden State Warriors players
Parade High School All-Americans (boys' basketball)
Pittsburgh Panthers men's basketball players
Power forwards (basketball)
Rio Grande Valley Vipers players
Basketball players from Brooklyn
Xaverian High School alumni
American men's basketball players
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American people
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63850720
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin%20Andrus
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Kevin Andrus
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Kevin Andrus is an American politician from Idaho. Andrus has served as a Republican member of Idaho House of Representatives for District 28 seat B since 2018.
Early life and education
Andrus was born in Pocatello, Idaho. Andrus' father, Ken Andrus, is a rancher who served as a member of the Idaho House of Representatives. Andrus graduated from Marsh Valley High School. In 2012, Andrus earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Agricultural Business and Management from Brigham Young University–Idaho. In 2017, Andrus earned an MBA degree from Idaho State University College of Business.
Career
Andrus was a Ranch Foreman, a horse trainer, and a business consultant. In 2017, Andrus became a loan officer at Ireland Bank in Malad City, Idaho. In 2018, Andrus became a manager at Andrus Ranch.
On November 6, 2018, Andrus won the election and became a Republican member of Idaho House of Representatives for District 28, seat B.
Andrus served on the following committees in the 2019–2020 Legislative session: Agricultural Affairs, Business, and State Affairs.
Personal life
Andrus and his wife, Shelby Andrus, live in Lava Hot Springs, Idaho.
References
External links
Kevin Andrus at ballotpedia.org
Kevin Andrus at andrusforidaho.com
Republican Party members of the Idaho House of Representatives
People from Bannock County, Idaho
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American politicians
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43808246
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallways%20%28album%29
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Hallways (album)
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Hallways is the fifth studio album by American rapper Homeboy Sandman. It was released by Stones Throw Records on September 2, 2014.
Critical reception
At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 79, based on 5 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".
In a review for Cuepoint, Robert Christgau said Homeboy Sandman's perspective on "America, the Beautiful" was refreshing "from a man who's always been as class-conscious as alt-rap gets", while "Personal Ad" deeming "a sex boast few this side of Jay-Z would have the cool or balls to pull off".
Track listing
Personnel
Credits adapted from liner notes.
Homeboy Sandman – vocals
DJ Spinna – production (1)
Jonwayne – production (2, 4)
Blu – guest appearance (3)
2 Hungry Bros. – production (3)
J57 – production (5)
Oh No – guest appearance (6), production (6)
Knxwledge – production (7)
Sobermindedmusic – production (8)
Professor Brian Oblivion – production (9)
SOL626 – production (10)
Jozef van Wissem – guest appearance (11), production (11)
J-Live – guest appearance (12)
Kurious – guest appearance (12)
Inspirmentalist – production (12)
Peanut Butter Wolf – executive production
Alejandro "Sosa" Tello – recording, mixing, mastering
Andrew Huffman – artwork
Lauren Jaslow – photography
Jeff Jank – design
References
External links
2014 albums
Homeboy Sandman albums
Stones Throw Records albums
Albums produced by DJ Spinna
Albums produced by Oh No (musician)
Albums produced by J57
Albums produced by Knxwledge
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luke%20Jones%20%28motorcyclist%29
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Luke Jones (motorcyclist)
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Luke Jones (born 23 September 1988) is a British Grand Prix motorcycle racer. He races in the British National Superstock 1000 Championship, aboard a Aprilia RSV4.
Career statistics
Grand Prix motorcycle racing
By season
Races by year
References
1988 births
Living people
English motorcycle racers
125cc World Championship riders
FIM Superstock 1000 Cup riders
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38454172
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churmaq%2C%20Razan
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Churmaq, Razan
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Churmaq (, also Romanized as Chūrmaq and Chowrmaq; also known as Choormagh Sardrood) is a village in Boghrati Rural District, Sardrud District, Razan County, Hamadan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,834, in 403 families.
References
Populated places in Razan County
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44012233
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yara%20van%20Kerkhof
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Yara van Kerkhof
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Yara van Kerkhof (; born 31 May 1990) is a Dutch short track speed skater. She won the silver medal in the 500 m event at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea.
Career
Van Kerkhof competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics for the Netherlands. In the 500 metres she was second in her heat, advancing to a quarter-final, where she finished third, not advancing. In the 1500 metres she again advanced out of the first round, but was fifth in her semi-final, not advancing. She also competed in the 1000 metres, finishing third in her heat. As a member of the Dutch 3000 metre relay team, she was disqualified in the heats, again not advancing. Her best individual finish was in the 500m, where she was 11th.
As of September 2014, van Kerkhof's best performance at the World Championships came in 2011, when she won a silver medal as a member of the Dutch 3000m relay team. She also won gold medals as a member of the Dutch relay team at the 2012, 2013 and 2014 European Championships.
As of September 2014, van Kerkhof has one ISU Short Track Speed Skating World Cup victory, as part of the relay team in 2012–13 at Dresden. She also has two other podium finishes with the relay team. Her top World Cup ranking is 11th, in the 1000 metres in 2013–14.
She is a sister of Sanne van Kerkhof, also an Olympic short track speed skater.
World Cup podiums
References
External links
1990 births
Living people
Dutch female short track speed skaters
Olympic short track speed skaters for the Netherlands
Olympic gold medalists for the Netherlands
Olympic silver medalists for the Netherlands
Olympic bronze medalists for the Netherlands
Olympic medalists in short track speed skating
Short track speed skaters at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Short track speed skaters at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Short track speed skaters at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2022 Winter Olympics
World Short Track Speed Skating Championships medalists
People from Zoetermeer
Sportspeople from South Holland
21st-century Dutch women
21st-century Dutch people
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72948503
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria%20at%20the%202024%20Summer%20Olympics
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Austria at the 2024 Summer Olympics
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Austria is scheduled to compete at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris from 26 July to 11 August 2024. It will be the nation's twenty-ninth appearance at the Summer Olympics.
Competitors
The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.
Artistic swimming
Austria fielded a squad of two artistic swimmers to compete in the women's duet by topping the combination of technical and free events at the 2023 European Games in Oświęcim, Poland.
Athletics
Austrian track and field athletes achieved the entry standards for Paris 2024, either by passing the direct qualifying mark (or time for track and road races) or by world ranking, in the following events (a maximum of 3 athletes each):
Track & road events
Field events
Canoeing
Slalom
Austrian entered two boat into the slalom competition, for the Games through the 2023 European Games in Kraków, Poland, and 2023 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships in London, Great Britain.
Cycling
Road
Austria entered four road cyclists (two male and two female). Austria qualified two male and two female through the UCI Nation Ranking and 2023 World Championships in Glasgow, Great Britain.
Men
Women
Equestrian
Austria entered a squad of three jumping riders into the Olympic equestrian competition by securing the first of two available team spots at the 2023 European Jumping Championships in Milan, Italy for Group A and Group B.
Dressage
Qualification Legend: Q = Qualified for the final; q = Qualified for the final as a lucky loserTF = Substituted for the team final
Jumping
Rowing
Austrian rowers qualified boats in the following classes through the 2023 World Rowing Championships in Belgrade, Serbia.
Qualification Legend: FA=Final A (medal); FB=Final B (non-medal); FC=Final C (non-medal); FD=Final D (non-medal); FE=Final E (non-medal); FF=Final F (non-medal); SA/B=Semifinals A/B; SC/D=Semifinals C/D; SE/F=Semifinals E/F; QF=Quarterfinals; R=Repechage
Sailing
Austrian sailors qualified one boat in each of the following classes through the 2023 Sailing World Championships in The Hague, Netherlands.
Elimination events
Medal race events
M = Medal race; EL = Eliminated – did not advance into the medal race
Shooting
Austrian shooters achieved quota places for the following events based on their results at the 2022 and 2023 ISSF World Championships, 2022, 2023, and 2024 European Championships, 2023 European Games, and 2024 ISSF World Olympic Qualification Tournament.
Sport climbing
Austria entered two sport climbers into the Olympic tournament. Jakob Schubert and Jessica Pilz qualified directly for the men's and women's boulder and lead combined event, by winning the gold and silver medal and securing one of the three berths available at the 2023 IFSC World Championships in Bern, Switzerland.
Boulder & lead combined
Swimming
Austrian swimmers achieved the entry standards in the following events for Paris 2024 (a maximum of two swimmers under the Olympic Qualifying Time (OST) and potentially at the Olympic Consideration Time (OCT)):
References
Nations at the 2024 Summer Olympics
2024
2024 in Austrian sport
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59873483
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sud%20%281999%20film%29
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Sud (1999 film)
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Sud (English: South) is a 71-minute 1999 Belgian-Finnish-French English-language independent documentary art film directed by Chantal Akerman.
Reception
The film, which premiered at the 1999 Cannes Film Festival (where it was nominated for the International Confederation of Art Cinemas Award) and was released on DVD in 2016 as part of a boxset also containing D’Est (1993), De l’autre côté (2002), and Down There (2006), examines the effect of the dragging death of James Byrd Jr. on the residents in Jasper, Texas. Financed by Institut national de l’audiovisuel, La Sept-Arte, RTBF, and the Ministry of Transport and Communications’s Yle, produced by , and edited by Claire Atherton, it was also shown at the 2000 Thessaloniki International Film Festival, at the 2000 International Film Festival Rotterdam, at the 2000 Thessaloniki Documentary Festival, at the 2001 (where it won the Nuremberg International Human Rights Film Award – Special Mention), at the 2006 Buenos Aires International Festival of Independent Cinema, at the 2011 Vienna International Film Festival, and at the 2018 Jerusalem Film Festival.
References
External links
1999 documentary films
1999 independent films
1999 films
Belgian documentary films
Belgian independent films
Documentary films about crime in the United States
Films about murder
Films directed by Chantal Akerman
Films set in Alabama
Films set in Atlanta
Films set in Texas
Films shot in Alabama
Films shot in Atlanta
Films shot in Texas
Finnish documentary films
French documentary films
French independent films
1990s English-language films
1990s French films
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44921222
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamprosema%20victoriae
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Lamprosema victoriae
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Lamprosema victoriae is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1923. It has been recorded in the United States from Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma and
Texas.
References
Moths described in 1923
Lamprosema
Moths of North America
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73997509
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sveti%20Martin%2C%20Buzet
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Sveti Martin, Buzet
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Sveti Martin is a village in Istria, Croatia.
Demographics
According to the 2021 census, its population was 410.
References
Populated places in Istria County
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49603014
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9lix%20Bar%C3%B3n
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Félix Barón
|
Félix Alejandro Barón Castillo (born 7 November 1991) is a Colombian road and track cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Continental team . He competed in the individual pursuit event at the 2011 UCI Track Cycling World Championships.
Major results
2008
Pan American Junior Road Championships
1st Road race
2nd Time trial
2010
1st Time trial, National Under-23 Road Championships
1st Stage 1 Vuelta al Tolima
2013
2nd Time trial, National Under-23 Road Championships
Pan American Under-23 Road Championships
3rd Road race
6th Time trial
2018
10th Overall Tour of Thailand
References
External links
1991 births
Living people
Colombian track cyclists
Colombian male cyclists
Place of birth missing (living people)
21st-century Colombian people
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44817245
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship%20load
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Ship load
|
Ship load is a United Kingdom unit of weight for coal equal to 20 keels or .
External links
NIST Special Publication 811, Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI)
References
Imperial units
Units of mass
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59942173
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maysalun%20Hadi
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Maysalun Hadi
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Maysalun Hadi (born 1954) is an Iraqi writer. She was born in the Adhamiyah district of Baghdad and studied statistics at Baghdad University. As a writer, she has published numerous books and articles, spanning a wide range of genres. Her novel Prophecy of Pharaoh won the Bashraheel prize for best Arabic novel and was translated into English by Angham Altamimi. Another novel A Light Pink Dream was made into a film, while Throne and Stream has been translated into English and French. Her most recent work Mohammed's Brothers by Al-Thakera Publishing House was nominated for the Arabic Booker Prize.
Hadi lives in Baghdad.
References
Iraqi writers
1954 births
Living people
Iraqi children's writers
Date of birth missing (living people)
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14485076
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newbridge%20on%20Wye%20railway%20station
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Newbridge on Wye railway station
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Newbridge on Wye railway station stood on the single-tracked Mid Wales Railway between Builth Wells and Rhayader. It was closed on 31 December 1962 and the trackbed removed. The site has been cleared and now contains senior citizens' housing. An overbridge which formed the entry point to the station from the south is still in place.
History
Newbridge on Wye railway station was opened by the Mid Wales Railway on 21 September 1864. The Mid Wales Railway got into financial difficulties and a working arrangement was made with the Cambrian Railways on 2 April 1888; who took over the line on 24 June 1904. The line later became part of the Great Western Railway.
The single-tracked Mid Wales Railway line was linked to the London and North Western Railway (LNWR)'s Central Wales line, in the direction of Cilmeri, north of Builth Road Low Level Station, by means of a junction owned by the LNWR.
The station along with the rest of the former Mid Wales Railway line was closed by the British Transport Commission on 31 December 1962.
References
Notes
Sources
Further reading
Disused railway stations in Powys
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1864
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1962
Former Cambrian Railway stations
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459346
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Laxer
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James Laxer
|
James Robert Laxer (22 December 1941 – 23 February 2018), also known as Jim Laxer, was a Canadian political economist, historian, public intellectual, and political activist who served as a professor at York University. Best known as co-founder of the Waffle, on whose behalf he ran for the leadership of the New Democratic Party in 1971, he was the author of more than two dozen books, mostly on Canadian political economy and history.
Early life and family
Laxer was born in Montreal, Quebec, on 22 December 1941 and was the son of Edna May (née Quentin) and Robert Laxer, a psychologist, professor, author, and political activist. His father was Jewish and his mother was from a Protestant family. Both were members of the Communist Party of Canada and its public face, the Labor-Progressive Party, with Robert Laxer being a national organizer for the party. The Laxers left the party, along with many other members, following Khrushchev's Secret Speech revealing Joseph Stalin's crimes, and the 1956 Soviet invasion of Hungary. James Laxer wrote about his experiences growing up during this period in his memoir Red Diaper Baby: A Boyhood in the Age of McCarthyism. His father came to serve as a significant influence on his political worldview.
His paternal grandfather was a rabbi and his maternal grandfather was a minister and Christian missionary to China, where Laxer's mother was born. His brother, Gordon Laxer, became a political economist, author, and founder of the Parkland Institute.
He received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Toronto and Master of Arts (following approval of his thesis French-Canadian Newspapers and Imperial Defence, 1899–1914 in 1967) and Doctor of Philosophy degrees from Queen's University. He was an active student journalist both at The Varsity at the University of Toronto and later at the Queen's Journal and was elected president of Canadian University Press in 1965.
Laxer married three times. He married Diane Taylor in 1965, from whom he was divorced in 1969. He married Krista Mäeots in 1969 with whom he had two children: Michael and Katherine (known as "Kate"). They were separated at the time of her death in 1978. Laxer married Sandra Price in 1979 with whom he had two more children: Emily and Jonathan.
Political career
In 1969, Laxer, along with his father Robert Laxer, Mel Watkins, and others, founded the Waffle, a left-wing group influenced by the New Left, the anti–Vietnam War movement, and Canadian economic nationalism, that tried to influence the direction of the New Democratic Party (NDP). Laxer was a principal author of their Manifesto for an Independent Socialist Canada in 1969 alongside Ed Broadbent and Gerald Caplan. The manifesto was debated at the 1969 federal NDP convention and was rejected by the delegates in favour of a more moderate declaration.
In 1971, Laxer ran for the leadership of the federal NDP and shocked the convention by winning one-third of the vote on the fourth and final ballot against party stalwart David Lewis. The Waffle was ultimately forced out of the NDP and briefly became a political party under the name Movement for an Independent Socialist Canada. Laxer and other Wafflers unsuccessfully ran for Parliament in 1974. This electoral failure led to the Waffle's demise, and Laxer concentrated on his work at York University, where he was a professor of political science for 47 years, and in broadcasting.
In 1981, he was hired as director of research for the federal NDP, but left in controversy in 1983 when he published a report critiquing the party's economic policy as being "out of date".
Academic, writer, and broadcaster
Laxer hosted The Real Story, a nightly half-hour current affairs program on TVOntario in the early 1980s. He also variously wrote a column and op-ed pieces for the Toronto Star from the 1980s until shortly before his death, as well as op-ed pieces for The Globe and Mail. He also played "Talleyrand", a mock political insider, on CBC Radio's Morningside in the 1980s.
Laxer co-wrote and presented the five-part National Film Board documentary series Reckoning: The Political Economy of Canada in 1986, which examined Canada's economic and political relationships with the United States and Canada's place in the changing global economy. Laxer and his co-writer won a Gemini Award in 1988 for Best Writing in an Information/Documentary Program or Series for episode one of Reckoning titled "In Bed with an Elephant". The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation refused to air the series due to its critical view of free trade with the United States, which was being negotiated at the time, and it aired instead on TVOntario and other educational channels in Canada as well as a number of PBS stations in the United States.
A democratic socialist, Laxer believed that Canadian economic nationalism was a progressive force against the United States and American imperialism. He wrote extensively about the influence of American multinational corporations in the Canadian economy, particularly in the oil and gas industry, and his agitation helped lead to the creation of Petro-Canada. The creation of the Foreign Investment Review Agency, and the Canadian Development Corporation in the 1970s is also attributed in part to the work of Laxer, Watkins, and the Waffle. In the 1980s he strongly opposed the adoption of the Canada–US Free Trade Agreement, though he still believed that free trade agreements were capable of being used to the advantage of the political left through the entrenchment of social charters.
Laxer died suddenly and unexpectedly in Paris of heart-related problems on 23 February 2018 while in Europe researching a book on Canada's role in the Second World War.
Selected works
See also
Canadian Dimension
References
Citations
Works cited
External links
James Laxer blog
James Laxer at rabble.ca
James Laxer's profile at York University
1941 births
2018 deaths
20th-century Canadian historians
21st-century Canadian historians
Canadian Broadcasting Corporation people
Canadian columnists
Canadian economists
Canadian nationalists
Canadian political scientists
Canadian radio personalities
Canadian socialists
Canadian television hosts
Canadian Screen Award winners
Historians of Canada
Independent candidates in the 1974 Canadian federal election
Jewish Canadian politicians
Jewish socialists
Journalists from Montreal
New Democratic Party people
Canadian democratic socialists
Politicians from Montreal
Politicians from Toronto
Post-Keynesian economists
Queen's University at Kingston alumni
Toronto Star people
University of Toronto alumni
Writers about globalization
Writers from Montreal
Writers from Toronto
Academic staff of York University
Jewish Canadian journalists
Jewish Canadian filmmakers
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66060918
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RuPaul%27s%20Drag%20Race%20%28season%2014%29
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RuPaul's Drag Race (season 14)
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The fourteenth season of RuPaul's Drag Race premiered on January 7, 2022. The reality competition series, broadcast on VH1 in the United States, showcases 14 new queens competing for the title of "America's Next Drag Superstar". Casting calls for season 14 were opened in November 2020, and the cast was officially revealed by season 13 winner Symone on VH1 on December 2, 2021. The season premiere received 738,000 viewers, making it the most-watched premiere since Season 10.
The season was won by Willow Pill, who became the first transgender contestant to win the main franchise of RuPaul's Drag Race, and the fourth transgender contestant to win overall, with Lady Camden as the runner-up. Kornbread "The Snack" Jeté was named Miss Congeniality, who became the first transgender contestant to win the title.
The season welcomed Maddy Morphosis, the show's first heterosexual, cisgender male contestant. The season notably also featured five transgender contestants: Kerri Colby and Kornbread "The Snack" Jeté (both of whom entered the competition openly trans), Jasmine Kennedie (who came out as a trans woman during filming of the show), Bosco (who came out as a trans woman as the season aired), and Willow Pill (who came out as trans femme as the season aired).
The season featured a "Chocolate Bar Twist" which was introduced in the third episode, which featured each of the contestants being given a chocolate bar, one of which contained a golden bar. After losing a lip sync, each contestant must unwrap their chocolate bar, and the contestant whose bar contains the golden bar is saved from elimination. The twist lasted until episode 12, when Bosco was revealed to have the golden chocolate bar.
This season had a final five going to the grand finale, a first in the show’s history. Additionally, the winning queen received a cash prize of $150,000, the highest in the show's history up to that point. The runner up won a $50,000 cash prize, also a series first. It is also the first series in which a single queen had to lip sync for their life five times; Jorgeous survived four lip syncs and was sent home on the fifth.
Contestants
Ages, names, and cities stated are at time of filming.
Notes:
Contestant progress
Lip syncs
Legend:
Notes:
Guest judges
Lizzo, singer and songwriter
Alicia Keys, singer and songwriter
Christine Chiu, businesswoman, philanthropist and television personality
Loni Love, comedian and television host
Ava Max, singer
Taraji P. Henson, actress and singer
Ts Madison, television and internet personality, LGBTQ+ activist
Alec Mapa, actor
Nicole Byer, comedian and actress
Dove Cameron, actress and singer
Andra Day, singer and actress
Dulcé Sloan, comedian
Special guests
Guests who appeared in episodes, but did not judge on the main stage.
Episodes 1 and 2
Albert Sanchez, photographer
Episode 4
Jennifer Lopez, singer, actress, dancer
Episode 5
Jaymes Mansfield, contestant on season nine
Kahmora Hall, contestant on season thirteen
Tempest DuJour, contestant on season seven
Sarah McLachlan, singer and songwriter
Episode 8
David Benjamin Steinberg, songwriter and music producer
Episode 10
Raven, runner-up of season two and of All Stars season one
Episode 12
Leland, producer
Leslie Jordan, actor
Miguel Zarate, choreographer
Episode 13
Norvina, president of Anastasia Beverly Hills
Episode 15
LaLa Ri, contestant on season thirteen
Derrick Barry, contestant on season eight and All Stars season five
Kahanna Montrese, contestant on season eleven
Alexis Mateo, contestant on season three and All Stars season one and five
Episode 16
Jaida Essence Hall, winner of season twelve
Kameron Michaels, contestant on season ten
Trinity K. Bonet, contestant on season six and All Stars season six
Naomi Smalls, contestant on season eight and All Stars season four
Derrick Barry, contestant on season eight and All Stars season five
Kahanna Montrese, contestant on season eleven
Hot Chocolate, entertainer and drag queen
Symone, winner of season thirteen
LaLa Ri, contestant on and Miss Congeniality of season thirteen
Episodes
Ratings
References
2022 American television seasons
2022 in LGBT history
RuPaul's Drag Race seasons
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59633273
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle%20registration%20plates%20of%20the%20United%20States%20for%201976
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Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1976
|
Each of the 50 constituent states of the United States of America plus several of its territories and the District of Columbia issued individual passenger license plates for 1976.
Passenger baseplates
Non-passenger plates
See also
Antique vehicle registration
Electronic license plate
Motor vehicle registration
Vehicle license
References
External links
1976 in the United States
1976
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55340367
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JNR%20Class%20C63
|
JNR Class C63
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The JNR Class C63 was a 2-6-2 steam locomotive proposed by Japanese National Railways (JNR). Designed in 1956 by Hideo Shima it was based on the Class C58. But none of these locomotives were ever actually built.
Background
The planning of the JNR Class C63 began around 1955. Electrification for the locomotive developed slowly due to financial difficulties at JNR. The company was not experienced with diesel locomotives, and it lacked test facilities for non-steam engines. Development of the new diesel locomotive was proposed because existing models were aging and travel demand was increasing.
Cancellation
In 1956, the design drawing was completed. A prototype was to be manufactured, and a manufacturing order was to be issued.
In 1958, JNR, in its "Power Modernization Plan", planned to eliminate the steam locomotive in 15 years from fiscal year 1960. JNR authorized the implementation of the plan and completed it in 1975. Since JNR had converted to the policy of abolishing the steam locomotive, the company decided to cancel the C63.
At the Koriyama Plant (currently the Koriyama General Vehicle Center), a 1/5-scale live steam replica was produced based on the design documents, mainly to demonstrate the steam locomotive technology to the young staff; the miniature is currently used during special events. In addition to models being exhibited on the first floor of Koriyama Station, models are also displayed in the exhibition room of the Kyoto Railway Museum, alongside the number plate of C63 1 painted in vermilion.
See also
Japan Railways locomotive numbering and classification
JNR Class C12
JNR Class C58
References
1067 mm gauge locomotives of Japan
Steam locomotives of Japan
2-6-2 locomotives
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15973094
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruffner
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Ruffner
|
Ruffner is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Clark L. Ruffner (1903–1982), U.S. Army general
Frederick Gale Ruffner Jr. (1926–2014), American publisher
Ginny Ruffner (born 1952), American glass artist
Henry Ruffner (1790–1861), American educator and Presbyterian minister
Mason Ruffner (born 1947), American blues and rock singer, guitarist and songwriter
Paul Ruffner (1948–2022), American basketball player
Viola Ruffner (1812–1903), American schoolteacher
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21241396
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrrharctia
|
Pyrrharctia
|
Pyrrharctia is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae described by Packard in 1864. The species are known from North and Central America.
Species
Pyrrharctia isabella (Smith, 1797) – isabella tiger moth
Pyrrharctia genini (Debauche, 1938)
References
Spilosomina
Moth genera
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53855644
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Zamer
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William Zamer
|
William E. Zamer is an American biologist at National Science Foundation and an Elected Fellow of the Association for the Advancement of Science.
References
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
21st-century American biologists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
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459026
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matsumoto%2C%20Kagoshima
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Matsumoto, Kagoshima
|
was a town located in Hioki District, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.
On November 1, 2004, Matsumoto, along with the town of Kōriyama (also from Hioki District), the town of Kiire (from Ibusuki District), and the towns of Sakurajima and Yoshida (both from Kagoshima District), was merged into the expanded city of Kagoshima and no longer exists as an independent municipality.
Timeline
1889 - The village of Kamiijūin consisted of 6 neighborhoods (north to south): Ishitani, Fukuyama, Kamitaniguchi, Irisa, Naoki and Haruyama
1960 — The village of Kamiijūin became the town of Matsumoto.
November 1, 2004 - Matsumoto, along with the towns of Kōriyama, both from Hioki District, and the towns of Sakurajima and Yoshida, both from Kagoshima District, Kiire, both from Ibusuki District, was merged into the expanded city of Kagoshima and no longer exists as an independent municipality.
Transportation
Railroad
Kyushu passenger rail (Kyushu Railway Company)
Kagoshima Main Line
Satsuma-Matsumoto Station - Kami-Ijūin Station
Road
Highway
Minami-Kyushu Expressway (Kagoshima road) Matsumoto Interchange
National highway
Unavailable
Prefectural Road
Main Country Path
Kagoshima prefectural road 24 Kagoshima Higashiichiki line
Kagoshima prefectural road 35 Nagayoshi Irisa Kagoshima Line
Public Prefectural Road
Kagoshima prefectural road 296 Kagoshima prefectural road
Kagoshima Prefectural road 210 koyamada Taniyama line
Kagoshima prefectural road 291 Matsumoto Kawanabe line
Kagoshima prefectural road 296 Tanokashira Hukiage line
Schools
High school
Shoyo High School
Junior high school
Matsumoto Junior High School
Elementary school
Matsumoto Elementary School
Tosho Elementary School
Haruyama Elementary School
Isihitani Elementary School
External links
Official website of Kagoshima in Japanese
Dissolved municipalities of Kagoshima Prefecture
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1422083
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert%20Guthrie-Smith
|
Herbert Guthrie-Smith
|
William Herbert Guthrie-Smith FRSNZ (13 March 1862 – 4 July 1940) was a New Zealand farmer, author and conservationist.
Life
William Herbert Smith was born in Helensburgh, Scotland in 1862. His father was an insurance broker.
In 1880 he emigrated to New Zealand. In September 1882 he leased Tutira, a sheep station in central Hawke's Bay, which was his home for the rest of his life. In 1901 Guthrie-Smith married Georgina Meta Dennistoun Brown in Scotland. Their daughter, Barbara, was born in 1903.
After the First World War he met Beatrix Dobie who was exhibiting her work at the Canterbury Society of Arts Gallery. They formed the connection that would lead to her providing the illustrations for his book Tutira: The Story of a New Zealand Sheep Station.
His books and photography, especially Tutira: The Story of a New Zealand Sheep Station, graphically document the impacts of human activity on New Zealand's unique environment.
Tutira: The Story of a New Zealand Sheep Station''' was published in 1921 (and reprinted in 1926 with a new preface, map and index). It documented the impact of humans on New Zealand's environment in an easy reading, non-scientific yet accurate manner. It is an internationally acclaimed classic of ecological writing and was New Zealand's first significant environmentalist publication. In 2003 Michael King wrote:“Our first ecological book, and still our best example of this genre. The transformation of New Zealand from bushlands to grasslands farming is anatomised in this close examination of the effects of plant and animal introductions on one piece of Hawke’s Bay.”Before his death in 1940 he revised and added to Tutira. The revised edition was published in 1953.
Guthrie-Smith died on 4 July 1940 at Tutira. He was buried at Tutira, and his obituary appears in Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand 1868–1961 (Vol 70 1940–41).
Awards and honours
William Herbert Guthrie-Smith was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society of New Zealand (known as the New Zealand Institute before 1933) in 1924 (listed under S, rather than G on the Royal Society website).
Bibliography
Books:Tutira: The Story of a New Zealand Sheep StationBirds of the Water, Wood and WasteMutton Birds and Other BirdsBird Life on Island and ShoreSorrows and Joys of a New Zealand NaturalistJournal papers:
Bird-Life on a Run The Grasses of Tutira''
Guthrie-Smith Trust
The Guthrie-Smith Trust was founded in 1942 after Barbara Absolom, daughter of Herbert Guthrie-Smith, donated 800 hectares of land to it to administer for the benefit of the people of New Zealand educational and recreational purposes. The remaining 90 hectares now includes a 20,000 tree arboretum, which opened to the public in 2013, and an education centre.
See also
Conservation in New Zealand
Lake Tūtira
References
External links
Guthrie-Smith, William Herbert. Dictionary of New Zealand Biography.
Photographs by Guthrie-Smith in the collection of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa.
Guthrie-Smith Trust Arboretum and Education Centre on what remains of Guthrie-Smith's sheep station.
1862 births
1940 deaths
Nature conservation in New Zealand
New Zealand farmers
New Zealand writers
New Zealand conservationists
New Zealand photographers
New Zealand naturalists
British emigrants to New Zealand
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2660736
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil%20Tasters
|
Oil Tasters
|
The Oil Tasters were an early 1980s band from Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in the United States. The band comprised bassist and vocalist Richard LaValliere, saxophonist Caleb Alexander, and drummer Guy Hoffman.
The trio, founded on Milwaukee's East Side, released a 2-song 45 record in December 1980. It included "What's In Your Mouth" backed with "Get Out Of The Bathroom," a track which also appeared on Sub Pop founder Bruce Pavitt's compilation cassette release Sub Pop 5 (1981). In August 1981, a three-song EP was released with "That's When The Brick Goes Through The Window," backed with "Earn While You Learn" and "Smoke."
The Oil Tasters left behind a self-titled LP recorded for Thermidor (1982), a Berkeley, California-based independent label. The album was issued on CD in 2005 on the Australian label, Lexicon Devil and featured three bonus tracks ("Gettin' Pretty Pop", "Earn While You Learn" and "Smoke").
Discography
Album
"Oil Tasters" (Thermidor Records) 1982
Single
"What's In Your Mouth?" / "Get Out Of The Bathroom" (no label listed) 1980
Extended Play
"That's When The Brick Goes Through The Window" / "Earn While You Learn" / "Smoke" (Various Records) 1981
Compilations
"Sub Pop 5" (Sub Pop Records) 1981, featuring "Get Out Of The Bathroom"
"The Great Lost Brew Wave Album" (Blackhole Records) 1997, featuring "Gettin' Pretty Pop"
"History In 3 Chords: Milwaukee Alternative Bands 1973-1982" (Splunge Communications) 2001, featuring "Get Out Of The Bathroom" and "Let Me Sleep On Your Couch"
External links
Guy Hoffman
Oil Tasters at Discogs
Musical groups from Milwaukee
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40755797
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hain%20Ahmed%20Pasha
|
Hain Ahmed Pasha
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Hain Ahmed Pasha ( Ahmed Pasha 'the Traitor'; died 1524), was an Ottoman governor (beylerbey) and a statesman, who became the Ottoman governor of Egypt Eyalet in 1523.
Early life
Ahmed Pasha was of Georgian origin. He was educated in the Enderun palace school.
Declaring himself the sultan of Egypt
Hain Ahmed Pasha wanted to become the grand vizier, to become the grand vizier, Hain Ahmed Pasha tried to persuade Suleiman the Magnificent to dismiss Piri Mehmed Pasha, using the old age of Piri Mehmed Pasha as an excuse, and ultimately succeeded. His rival Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha was then appointed (June 1523) instead as grand vizier, so Hain Ahmed Pasha offered Suleiman I. to make him the governor of Egypt Eyalet, which got accepted by Suleiman I. When Hain Ahmed Pasha went to Egypt, he declared himself the sultan of Egypt, independent from the Ottoman Empire. He struck coins with his own face and name in order to legitimize his power and captured Cairo Citadel and the local Ottoman garrisons in January 1524.
Death
After surviving an assassination attempt in his bath by two emirs that he had previously sacked, he fled Cairo. Ottoman authorities finally captured him and executed him by decapitation. His rebellion occasioned a short period of instability in the nascent Egypt Eyalet. After his death, his rival Pargalı İbrahim Pasha visited Egypt and reformed the provincial military and civil administration.
Family
Ahmed married Ilaldi Sultan, a daughter of Sultan Bayezid II.
They had at least a son and a daughter:
Sultanzade Fülan Bey. He married his cousin Hanzade Hanımsultan, the daughter of Selçuk Sultan (daughter of Bayezid II).
Şahzade Aynişah Hanımsultan. She married Abdüsselâm Çelebi.
See also
List of Ottoman governors of Egypt
References
Ottoman governors of Egypt
1524 deaths
Executed people from the Ottoman Empire
16th-century Ottoman governors of Egypt
16th-century executions by the Ottoman Empire
Pashas
Year of birth unknown
People executed by the Ottoman Empire by decapitation
Georgians from the Ottoman Empire
Executed monarchs
Rebels from the Ottoman Empire
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25223477
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny%20Mountain%20%28Pennsylvania%29
|
Allegheny Mountain (Pennsylvania)
|
Allegheny Mountain is a stratigraphic ridge that extends northeast to southwest from south of Blue Knob to a saddle point at the Savage Mountain anticline. It merges with Negro Mountain just north of the Cambria County line where the Berlin-Salisbury basin expires.
The Eastern Continental Divide enters Allegheny Mountain south of Fraziers Pass and follows the Allegheny Backbone southwest where it leaves the escarpment toward the saddle point to the southeast between headwaters of Flaugherty and Wills Creeks, at which the ECD enters the Savage Mountain anticline.
References
Allegheny Mountains
Ridges of Pennsylvania
Ridges of Bedford County, Pennsylvania
Landforms of Somerset County, Pennsylvania
Landforms of Cambria County, Pennsylvania
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68648159
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark%20Planet%3A%20Battle%20for%20Natrolis
|
Dark Planet: Battle for Natrolis
|
Dark Planet: Battle for Natrolis is a real-time strategy video game developed by Creative Edge Software and published by Ubi Soft for Microsoft Windows in 2002.
Gameplay
Dark Planet: Battle for Natrolis is a real-time strategy game.
Development and release
Reception
The game received "mixed" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic.
References
External links
MoDDB site
2002 video games
Creative Edge Software games
Real-time strategy video games
Ubisoft games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Windows games
Windows-only games
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3250281
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossopharyngeal%20breathing
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Glossopharyngeal breathing
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Glossopharyngeal breathing (GPB, glossopharyngeal insufflation, buccal pumping, or frog breathing) is a means of pistoning air into the lungs to volumes greater than can be achieved by the person's breathing muscles (greater than maximum inspiratory capacity). The technique involves the use of the glottis to add to an inspiratory effort by gulping boluses of air into the lungs. It can be beneficial for individuals with weak inspiratory muscles and no ability to breathe normally on their own.
The technique was first observed by physicians in the late 1940s in polio patients at Rancho Los Amigos Hospital, in Los Angeles, by Dr. Clarence W. Dail and first described by Dail in 1951 in the journal California Medicine.
Both inspiratory and, indirectly, expiratory muscle function can be assisted by GPB. GPB can provide an individual with weak inspiratory muscles and no vital capacity or breathing ventilator-free breathing tolerance with normal alveolar ventilation and perfect safety when not using a ventilator or in the event of sudden ventilator failure day or night. The technique involves the use of the glottis to add to an inspiratory effort by projecting (gulping) boluses of air into the lungs. The glottis closes with each "gulp". One breath usually consists of 6 to 9 gulps of 40 to 200 ml each. During the training period the efficiency of GPB can be monitored by spirometrically measuring the milliliters of air per gulp, gulps per breath, and breaths per minute. A training manual and numerous videos are available, the most detailed of which was produced in 1999. For those who can not master GPB it is often because of inability of the soft palate to seal off the nose.
Although severe oropharyngeal muscle weakness can limit the usefulness of GPB, researchers have cited Duchenne muscular dystrophy ventilator users who were very successful using it. Approximately 60% of ventilator users with no autonomous ability to breathe and good bulbar muscle function can use GPB for autonomous breathing from a span of minutes up to all day. Patients with no vital capacity have awoken from sleep using GPB to discover that their ventilators were no longer functioning. Some have spontaneously come out of anesthesia frog breathing and others out of grand mal convulsions surprisingly without being cyanotic.
Footnotes
Medical treatments
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30065918
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snahapish%20River
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Snahapish River
|
The Snahapish River is a river in the U.S. state of Washington. It is a tributary of the Clearwater River, which in turn flows into the Queets River.
The Snahapish River is long. Its drainage basin is in area.
Course
The Snahapish River originates in the hilly lands on the west side of the Olympic Mountains on the Olympic Peninsula. Its source is a few miles south of the Hoh River and about a mile east of Mount Octopus. The river flows south through a broad valley. It empties into the Clearwater River near Coppermine Bottom Campground. Clearwater Road follows most of the river's course.
See also
List of rivers in Washington
References
Rivers of Washington (state)
Rivers of Jefferson County, Washington
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63661447
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DXIC
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DXIC
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DXIC may refer to:
DXIC-AM, an AM radio station broadcasting in Iligan
DXIC-FM, an FM radio station broadcasting in General Santos, branded as Hope Radio
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32096642
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20%20Minute%20Loop
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20 Minute Loop
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20 Minute Loop is a San Francisco-based band notable for its self-proclaimed "freak-pop" sound which exhibited hook-heavy tunes and complex vocal harmonies.
The band split up in 2009, but has since reformed.
History
In its most rudimentary form, 20 Minute Loop was founded innominately by Giles during college, circa 1995, as a home-recording project. He recorded a handful of demos to 8-track tape, but never officially released them. He did, however, have the opportunity to play them live to small audiences acoustically several times, usually with the vocal accompaniment of Kelly Atkins, who would later be the only consistent member in 20 Minute Loop besides Giles.
Giles originally toyed with other band names, such as With God on the Dog Team Trail, Pierre Bon Bon, Kill Whitey!, and PSA Flight 182, before finally settling on 20 Minute Loop. The band's name alluded to the duration of cockpit conversation recorded by an airplane's cockpit voice recorder for recovery in the event of a crash or other accident.
The actual band was established by Greg Giles in 1996, and their debut EP, With God On The Dog Team Trail, was released on New Year's Day in 1997. (Apart from Kelly Atkins, the band lineup Giles recruited for the EP featured no members of the final lineup.) With God On The Dog Team Trail featured a lo-fi rendition of "Jubilation"—which was rerecorded for Decline of Day—as well as three other songs that were never released in any other form. With God On The Dog Team Trail was released on a small indie label, Trystero Records, which was run by a friend of Giles and has since gone defunct.
The band soon parted with Trystero, and struggled along for a while with no means of releasing their music. They had recorded their first, self-titled album, and were already in the process of recording Decline of Day, when Jim Greer of the small, Berkeley-based indie label Fortune Records (not to be confused with the defunct Detroit, Michigan-based label of the same name) approached and offered to sign them. This begun a long-lasting relationship with Fortune Records—Greer would go on to release their first 3 albums and a split 7-inch with The Monolith.
Their debut album, 20 Minute Loop, was released to mostly positive critical reception, and thanks to positive publicity from local venues and indie distributor Aquarius Records, among others, they gained some recognition from the Bay Area indie scene. The band also played a great many shows in order to receive more publicity.
With a label deal and an album to their name, the band quickly released their second album, Decline of Day. This album received much more publicity, with positive reviews from Pitchfork, Allmusic, and CD Universe, et alia; yet the group still remained fairly unknown. The artwork for the album was provided by The Velvet Teen's lead singer Judah Nagler.
The band's breakthrough would arrive along with their next album, Yawn + House = Explosion, reviews for which appeared in nearly a dozen printed publications, as well as countless indie blogs. The artwork for Yawn + House = Explosion was of particular interest to many; the outside consisted of two different shots of a prepubescent girl grasping chickens, and the inside pamphlet consisted of the lyrics, many of which were determined using a dictionary game invented by the band, spelled out in such a way that it could be seen how certain words were strung together with the lyrics. This was the only album of 20 Minute Loop's to sell out; it sold a couple thousand copies.
The band parted from Fortune Records for unclear reasons to record their fourth album, Famous People Marry Famous People. The album, released in 2008, was arguably the band's most polished and intricate—it was recorded at John Vanderslice's renowned Tiny Telephone studio in San Francisco, and featured over a half-dozen extra performers. The album featured highly conceptual songs, with sophisticated underlying themes explained on each song's individual Bandcamp page. The album received slightly less publicity due to the loss of a label, but the band still did very well, receiving positive publicity from many well-known sites, such as PopMatters and KQED, amongst others.
The band played a few more shows before announcing a breakup on their Myspace, due to an inability to continue "outmaneuvering real-life contingencies". They announced that their "final show ever" would take place on November 15, but, untrue to their word, they reunited for Noise Pop 2012, opening for Imperial Teen.
In 2014, Greg Giles and Kelly Atkins reformed 20 Minute Loop with Kevin Seal of Griddle to unearth songs in a new stripped down format, including piano, guitar, viola and trumpet and focusing more on vocal harmonies and lyrical content. Jim Greer of Fortune Records was inspired to record this version of 20 Minute Loop. They released the album Songs Praising the Mutant Race in 2017, and have had numerous appearances since then, their most recent being in February 2023 at Great American Music Hall.
Members
Kelly Atkins – Vocals, Keyboards, Synthesizer, Rhodes, Wurlitzer, Flute, Samples
Greg Giles – Guitar, Vocals, Synthesizer
Nils Erickson – Bass, Guitar, Rhodes, Clavinet, Pedal Steel Guitar, Backing Vocals
Adam Cunha – Bass, Backing Vocals
Mike Romano – Drums, Percussion, Piano, Backing Vocals
Kevin Seal – Piano, Rhodes, Vocals
Former members
Joe Ostrowski – Guitar
James Kingsbury – Bass
Alex Kamages – Drums
Dan Jones – Bass
Ethan Turner – Drums
Tai Kenning – Drums, Percussion
Discography
Studio albums
With God On The Dog Team Trail CD (Trystero, 1997)
Jubilation
Onion Smut
Car Crash
The Song You Hear Before You Die
20 Minute Loop CD (Fortune Records, 1999)
She Hated Dogs
Everybody Out
Face Like A Horse
Aeroflot
Up On The Hill
Disconnect
You Know So Much
Bunnyman and Chickengirl
Hookworm
All My Friends/Drowning
Decline of Day CD (Fortune Records, 2001)
Jubilation
Moses
All Manner
Daughter's Down
Pilot Light
Force of Habit
Mechanical Angels
Elephant
Mompha Termina
Vaccine
Hell In A Handbasket
Aquarium Song/Kiddie Porn Sting
Yawn + House = Explosion CD (Fortune Records, 2005)
Parking Lot
Cora May
Properties Of Dirt
Book of J
Carlos the Jackal
It's Time To Honor Ghouls
Ambassadors
5 AM to 9 AM
Our William Tell
I'll Never Forget You
Miriam Hopkins
Famous People Marry Famous People CD (Self-Released, 2009)
Vanilla March
Dr. Vitus Werdegast
English As A Second Language
The Bone Is The Orbital Planet Of The Nerve
Automatic Pilot
Empire
We Wait For The Crown
Mercury Vapor
Latin Names and Straight Pins
ESMA
The Kirkbridge Plan
Winsor McCay
Songs Praising the Mutant Race (Self-Released, 2017)
Mercury Vapor
English as a Second language
Empire
Giftgas
Elephant
Hell in a Handbasket
Parking Lot
Drowning
Aquarium
Carlos the Jackal
Winsor McCay
Never My Love
Compilation appearances
She Hated Dogs appears on Fortune Cookies (Fortune Records, 2000)
Pilot Light appears on Azadi! (Fire Museum, 2003)
Miriam Hopkins appears on West of Eden (Zip Records, 2006)
Our William Tell appears on Fortune Cookies: Part II (Fortune Records, 2006)
References
External links
Official Facebook Page
20ML's Bandcamp – all their music can be streamed and/or downloaded for pay here.
Fortune Records – 20ML's label; all in-print releases are available here.
Musical groups established in 1996
Musical groups disestablished in 2009
American musical quintets
Indie pop groups from San Francisco
Musical groups reestablished in 2012
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68156119
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grotel%C3%BCschen
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Grotelüschen
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Grotelüschen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Astrid Grotelüschen (born 1964), German politician
Simon Grotelüschen (born 1986), German sailor
German-language surnames
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30277961
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomcord
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Thomcord
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Thomcord is a seedless table grape variety and a hybrid of the popular Thompson Seedless or Sultanina grape (a Vitis vinifera variety) and Concord grape (a Vitis labrusca variety). Thomcord was developed in 1983 by Californian grape breeders working for the Agricultural Research Service (ARS), an agency of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), as part of a test to better understand a new seedless grape breeding procedure.
Its aromatic, "labrusca" flavor is similar to that of Concord, but mellowed by the mild, sweet taste from Thompson Seedless. Thomcord grows well in hot, dry climates, ripens between late July and mid-August, and tolerates powdery mildew. It is a productive variety, yielding an average of of grapes per vine, but has produced as much as per vine in grower trials. The berries weigh between and have a medium-thick, blue-black skin that adheres to the fruit, unlike Concord, which has a thick skin that can slip off the pulp easily. The aborted seeds in the fruit body are relatively small, but larger than those in Thompson Seedless.
The plant is not restricted for propagation and distribution. Virus-free propagation material is available from the Foundation Plant Services (FPS) at the University of California, Davis, and its genetic material is archived at the National Plant Germplasm System. After 17 years of testing, it was declared ready for use in 2003. It is currently available in supermarkets.
Description
Thomcord grape is a hybrid of Thompson Seedless grape (Vitis vinifera, or Sultanina), which is popular in American (?) supermarkets during the summer, and seeded Concord grape (Vitis labrusca), commonly used to make grape juice and jelly. It is a plump, juicy, seedless table grape and is slightly firmer than Concord. Thomcord has a blue-black skin with medium thickness and a whitish bloom. Unlike Concord, whose tough skin separates easily from the fruit, Thomcord has a more edible skin that clings to the flesh, much like Thompson Seedless. It has an aromatic flavor, similar to the Concord in taste ("labrusca"), though lighter due to the sweet, mild taste from Thompson Seedless.
Thomcord is suitable for hot, dry growing conditions, more so than Concord and other Concord seedless types. Its adaptability to hot dry climates was derived from Thompson Seedless. It grows well in California's vineyards, particularly the San Joaquin Valley, just like Thompson Seedless. The plant is tolerant of (but not resistant to) powdery mildew, and is less susceptible to the fungus than Ruby Seedless, but more susceptible than Mars, Venus, Niabell, and Cayuga White varieties. The fungus can affect its leaves, stems, rachis (stem of the grape cluster), and berries. The grape ripens in the summer (mid-season), between late July and mid-August.
Production details
Thomcord is a productive variety, with a yield comparable to Thompson Seedless. When two cordons (arms) of the vines are trained horizontally on wires ("bilateral-trained") and are pruned to remove most of the previous year's growth ("spur-pruned") during the winter, it can produce up to per vine, or an average of . In 2002, cane-pruned vines of Thomcord were significantly more productive than Sovereign Coronation and were comparable to the Venus variety, averaging per vine. Unlike Thompson Seedless, which has its cluster size thinned as a normal production practice, Thomcord's is not thinned because of its smaller cluster size. The grape clusters range in weight between and average , have medium to slightly loose tightness (or are "well-filled", meaning the individual pedicels are not easily visible), and have a conical shape with a small wing.
Compared with Thompson Seedless, the berry weight and diameter of Thomcord are larger, but cluster tightness is similar. The berry length ranged between and the diameter ranged from in tests between 2001 and 2002. The berries weigh between , averaging in 2002, which is on par with Venus, but heavier than Sovereign Coronation, and even more so than Thompson Seedless. The fruit's size has not been shown to increase appreciably by girdling the vines or by applying gibberellic acid when the berries set.
The aborted seeds of Thomcord are small, but in some years they can become sclerified (a thickening and lignification of the walls of plant cells and the subsequent dying off of the protoplasts), making them more noticeable inside the medium-soft flesh. There are usually two aborted seeds per berry, which averaged between 14 and 22.3 mg in 2001 and 2002. This varied in comparison to Venus depending on the year and location, was comparable to the Sovereign Coronation, and was significantly smaller than the Sovereign Rose and Saturn varieties. However, as with the other cultivars, it was consistently larger than Thompson Seedless, which had the smallest aborted seeds.
Vegetative description
The mature leaves on the vine have three lobes with open upper lateral sinuses (spaces between the lobes) of medium depth. The main vein is slightly longer than the petiole (stalk attaching the leaf blade to the stem), and the petiole sinus opens widely. Between the veins on the underside of both the mature and young leaf there are dense hairs that lie flat against the surface. The teeth on the edge of the leaf blade are convex on both sides, medium in size, and short relative to their width. Young leaf blades are dark copper red on the upper surface.
The shoots have at least three consecutive tendrils. Young shoots are fully open and have very dense hairs of medium anthocyanin coloration that lie flat against the tip. The internode of the young shoot is green with red stripes on the front (dorsal) side and solid green on the back (ventral) side.
History
In 1983, research horticulturist David W. Ramming and technician Ronald L. Tarailo—Californian grape breeders working for the ARS, the chief scientific research agency of the USDA—crossed Thompson Seedless and Concord in order to answer a technical question about a newly developed procedure for breeding novel, superior seedless grapes. The researchers wanted to demonstrate that plants created from embryo culture were derived from fertilized eggs (zygotic) instead of the maternal tissue (somatic). From 1231 emasculations (removal of male flower parts to control pollination) of Thompson Seedless, the researchers produced 130 ovules using embryo rescue procedures. From these, 40 embryos developed and three seedlings were planted. The original seedling of Thomcord was planted in 1984 in plots in cooperation with California State University, Fresno. It was later selected in 1986 by Ramming and Tarailo and tested in the San Joaquin Valley under the name A29-67, and was introduced as "Thomcord."
The new hybrid was tested and scrutinized for 17 years before it was declared ready for growers and gardeners and was released on 11 September 2003. Around 2008, trials outside of California were just beginning. Thomcord quickly became a hit at farmers' markets while it was being tested, and it has appeared in the fresh-fruit section at supermarkets. This continued the long-standing success of the ARS' grape-breeding research in California, which has developed some of the most popular seedless grapes on the market as well as red, white, and black grapes varieties for hobbyists and professional growers since 1923.
Although it has been called a "sentimental favorite" at farmers' markets, it is not expected to become a major commercial variety because its flavor is not as neutral as more popular grapes, such as Thompson Seedless, Crimson Seedless, or Flame Seedless. However, Ramming predicted that it would become a specialty item, much like the Muscat varieties, due to its distinctive, Concord-like flavor. Because of its strong reception at farmers' markets, it could compete with Concord and Niabell varieties in eastern markets, according to Ramming.
Availability
The Foundation Plant Services (FPS) at the University of California, Davis indexed Thomcord and found it to be free of known viruses. The FPS offers certified virus-free propagation material. The FPS also deposited genetic material in the National Plant Germplasm System, which offers material for research, including development and commercialization of new cultivars. The ARS does not offer Thomcord plants for distribution.
Thomcord is a public variety and is not restricted in its propagation and distribution.
See also
List of grape varieties
References
Table grape varieties
Hybrid grape varieties
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2282391
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graham%20Dowling
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Graham Dowling
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Graham Thorne Dowling (born 4 March 1937) is a former New Zealand cricketer who played 39 Test matches and captained New Zealand in 19 of them. He led New Zealand to its first victory in a Test series, against Pakistan in November 1969. He was a specialist right-handed batsman who usually opened the innings.
Domestic career
Dowling captained Canterbury from 1962–63 to 1971–72. He led Canterbury to victory in New Zealand's inaugural one-day competition in 1971–72, when he won the Man of the Match award in both the semi-final and the final.
International career
Dowling captained the New Zealand Test team in 19 consecutive matches from 1968 to 1972. He led New Zealand to its first Test victories over India and Pakistan.
His finest moment came at Christchurch in 1967–68 when he made a nine-hour 239 that led to New Zealand's first victory against India. It was his first match as captain, and he was the only player to score a double century on his captaincy debut until the feat was equalled by Shivnarine Chanderpaul against South Africa in 2005. At the time, his 239 was the highest Test score for New Zealand. Nevertheless, New Zealand lost the two remaining Tests of the series to go down 1–3.
Dowling led New Zealand in 12 Tests in 1969, including three victories. They beat West Indies in Wellington in March, and shared the three-Test series 1–1. On a long nine-Test tour from June to November, they lost to England 0–2, shared the series with India 1–1, then beat Pakistan 1–0, New Zealand's first victory in a Test series.
He lost the middle finger of his left hand in 1970 after suffering an injury on the brief tour to Australia in 1969–70. On the tour to the West Indies in 1971–72 he suffered a back injury and had to return home after the Second Test. It was his last first-class match.
After cricket
Dowling was a partner in an accounting firm, which enabled him to arrange his work around his absences playing cricket.
Dowling served as CEO of New Zealand Cricket. In the 1987 New Year Honours, he was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire, for services to cricket. He was also an ICC match referee from 1995 to 2008, officiating in nine Tests and 16 one-day international matches.
References
External links
Graham Dowling reflects on his career
New Zealand Test cricket captains
New Zealand Test cricketers
New Zealand cricketers
Canterbury cricketers
1937 births
Living people
New Zealand Officers of the Order of the British Empire
South Island cricketers
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37257987
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20shipwrecks%20in%20July%201917
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List of shipwrecks in July 1917
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The list of shipwrecks in July 1917 includes ships sunk, foundered, grounded, or otherwise lost during July 1917.
1 July
For the loss of the Norwegian barque Asalia on this date, see the entry for 30 June 1917
2 July
3 July
4 July
5 July
6 July
7 July
8 July
9 July
10 July
11 July
12 July
13 July
14 July
15 July
16 July
17 July
18 July
19 July
20 July
21 July
22 July
23 July
24 July
25 July
26 July
27 July
28 July
29 July
30 July
31 July
Unknown date
References
1917-07
07
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46623377
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EGS-zs8-1
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EGS-zs8-1
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EGS-zs8-1 is a high-redshift Lyman-break galaxy found at the northern constellation of Boötes. In May 2015, EGS-zs8-1 had the highest spectroscopic redshift of any known galaxy, meaning EGS-zs8-1 was the most distant and the oldest galaxy observed. In July 2015, EGS-zs8-1 was surpassed by EGSY8p7 (EGSY-2008532660).
Description
The redshift of EGS-zs8-1 was measured at z = 7.73, corresponding to a light travel distance of about 13.040 billion light years from Earth, and age of 13.04 billion years. The galaxy shows a high rate of star formation, so it releases its peak radiation at the vacuum ultraviolet part of the electromagnetic spectrum, near the Lyman-alpha emission line due to the intense radiation from newly formed blue stars, hence it is classified as a Lyman-break galaxy; high-redshift starburst galaxies emitting the Lyman-alpha emission line. Because of the cosmological redshift effect caused by the expansion of the universe, the peak light from the galaxy has become redshifted and has moved into the infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The galaxy has a comoving distance of about 30 billion light years from Earth.
EGS-zs8-1 was born 670 million years after the Big Bang, during the period of reionization, and it's 15 percent the size of the Milky Way. The galaxy was found to be larger than its other neighbors in that period when the universe was still very young. Its mass at the time the light was emitted is estimated to have been about 15% of the Milky Way's current mass. The galaxy was making new stars at roughly 80 times the rate of the current Milky Way, or equivalent to 800 worth of material turning to stars every year. The light reaching Earth was made by stars in EGS-zs8-1 that were 100 million to 300 million years old at the time they emitted the light. The age of EGS-zs8-1 places it in the reionization phase of creation, a time when hydrogen outside the galaxies was switching from a neutral to ionized state. According to the galaxy's discoverers, EGS-zs8-1 and other early galaxies were likely the causes of reionization.
Discovery
In 2013, Yale astronomer Pascal Oesch spotted an unexpected bright object while looking at Hubble Space Telescope images. He then confirmed the existence of the object using the Spitzer Space Telescope. Redshift calculations, using the Multi-Object Spectrometer for Infrared Exploration (MOSFIRE) equipment at the W.M. Keck Observatory in Hawaii, were then performed to precisely determine the age of the galaxy. Oesch and his colleagues at Yale and the University of California, Santa Cruz announced the find, which was named EGS-zs8-1, in May 2015 surpassing the previous record for oldest galaxy by about 30 million years.
See also
References
Boötes
Galaxies
?
Dwarf galaxies
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10961352
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1955%20Australian%20Championships%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20singles
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1955 Australian Championships – Women's singles
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Second-seeded Beryl Penrose defeated Thelma Long 6–4, 6–3 in the final to win the women's singles tennis title at the 1955 Australian Championships.
Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. Beryl Penrose is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.
Thelma Long (finalist)
Beryl Penrose (champion)
Jenny Staley (semifinals)
Mary Carter (semifinals)
Fay Muller (quarterfinals)
Daphne Seeney (second round)
Loris Nichols (second round)
Norma Ellis (quarterfinals)
Draw
Key
Q = Qualifier
WC = Wild card
LL = Lucky loser
r = Retired
Finals
Earlier rounds
Section 1
Section 2
External links
1955 in women's tennis
1955
1955 in Australian tennis
1955 in Australian women's sport
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75132037
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callirhytis%20carmelensis
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Callirhytis carmelensis
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Callirhytis carmelensis, formerly Andricus carmelensis, the mottled acorn gall wasp, is a species of hymenopteran that induces galls on the acorns of coast live oaks and interior live oaks in California in North America. The purple or spotted green gall forms where the acorn attaches to the tree and often prevents normal development of the nut. The gall also produces a honeydew secretion that is attractive to other insects. This wasp is generally considered uncommon.
References
External links
Cynipidae
Gall-inducing insects
Insects of the United States
Oak galls
Western North American coastal fauna
Insects described in 1922
Hymenoptera of North America
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34377884
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike%20Sember
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Mike Sember
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Michael David Sember (born February 24, 1953) is an American former professional baseball player. Primarily a shortstop in minor league baseball, he appeared in 12 games in the Major Leagues in –, most often as a late-inning defensive replacement as a third baseman, for the Chicago Cubs. He threw and batted right-handed, stood tall and weighed .
Sember attended the University of Tulsa and was selected by the Cubs in the second round (31st overall) of the 1974 Major League Baseball draft. He struggled as a batsman, never exceeding a .251 batting average during his minor league career. Recalled from the Triple-A Wichita Aeros in August 1977, Sember debuted as a pinch hitter on August 18 and was called out on strikes facing Jerry Reuss of the Pittsburgh Pirates. Four days later, on August 22, Sember registered his first MLB hit, a single to center field off Charlie Williams of the San Francisco Giants.
During his second trial with the Cubs, in September 1978, he collected his second hit against veteran left-handed relief pitcher Darold Knowles of the Montreal Expos in his first return appearance on September 4. All told, Sember had seven at bats, with two hits, one base on balls and two runs scored in the Majors. He made one error in nine total chances in the field. Sember retired in 1979 after six professional seasons.
References
External links
1953 births
Living people
Chicago Cubs players
Major League Baseball infielders
Midland Cubs players
Syracuse Chiefs players
Tulsa Golden Hurricane baseball players
Wichita Aeros players
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20114514
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Item%20Idem
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Item Idem
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Cyril Duval (born December 31, 1977), who works under the name Item Idem, is a French conceptual artist, designer, and filmmaker. He lives and works in Taipei, Taiwan.
Biography
Duval was born in Paris, France, in 1977. His mother worked for the luxury goods manufacturer Hermès, while his father was an interior decorator. Duval studied for six years at the École nationale supérieure d'arts de Paris-Cergy, before moving to Tokyo in 2004.
Career
Duval's work encompasses conceptual art, film, sculpture, product design, and visual communication. His alter ego Item Idem (Latin for "the same"), operates as a brand for the artist, whose work often builds on top of existing fashion and retail brands. The New York Times reviewed one of Duval's performances as "Celine Dion at the Oscars channeling René Magritte," while the writer John Stones has described the artist's persona as "Austin Powers pretending to be Philippe Starck, art directed by Marcel Duchamp and scripted by Oscar Wilde."
Retail design and installations
In 2004, Duval was discovered by Sarah Andelman, the creative director of Colette. The Paris-based boutique teamed Duval up with the Japanese fashion label Comme des Garçons in Tokyo. His work began to incorporate interior design and conceptual installations. In 2004, Duval collaborated with other artists on a relational aesthetics-inspired, multidisciplinary space called Caniche Courage, and later transformed his three-story Shibuya residence into a living exhibition.
Duval initiated a series of staged retail and working environments, beginning with The Wrong Store (2006) in Paris, a collaboration with Tobi Wong conceived as an ersatz gift-shop counterpart to Maurizio Cattelan's Wrong Gallery. Back in Tokyo, he transformed the window display of a fashion boutique into a temporary work space titled The Wrong Office, which he followed up with The Wrong Motel.
Duval collaborated with Bernhard Willhelm on the German fashion designer's flagship store at the PARCO department store in Shibuya, Tokyo. The shop's re-use of cardboard, plastic, and rope materials was inspired by the resourcefulness of Japan's homeless communities.
The store won the Best Shop Concept for FRAME magazine's 2007 Great Indoors Award.
In 2009, Duval participated in the Cycles and Seasons fashion and art event in Moscow. In 2011, Duval was the first artist-in-residence at BLESS HOME, an apartment-cum-shop in Berlin, which became his temporary studio while serving as the art director for Bruce LaBruce's production of Pierrot Lunaire. In 2015, he built an installation as an interior for Airbnb's Art House for Art Basel Hong Kong.
Duval has worked with a number of art publications, including as the Fashion Director for Tokion (2005), Fashion Features Director for Modern Weekly China (2013), Special Projects coordinator for Flash Art (2006),
and as a collaborator with 032c, T: The New York Times Style Magazine, and LEAP Magazine. He has also worked on large-scale commercial projects for CELINE and Ford.
Exhibitions and collaborations
In 2007, Duval reconfigured CELINE's Tokyo store to host his exhibition Displaysthetics during DesignTide Tokyo. In 2008, he participated in Fredric Snitzer Gallery's show in Miami, Death by Basel, with an oversized Chanel logo in the style of McDonald's Golden Arches, as a comparison of the brands and their markets. For AA Bronson's School for Young Shaman's exhibition in New York, Duval fashioned a cape out of Louis Vuitton bags and melted car tires, which was an homage to Joseph Beuys.
For the exhibition Dysfashional at the Garage Museum in Moscow in 2010, Duval created a work titled Mount Blushmore, a crystal engraving which combined images of fashion icons Anna Wintour, Donatella Versace, John Galliano and Karl Lagerfeld. In 2014, Duval mounted his first solo exhibition at Johannes Vogt, New York, titled Voir Dire.
In 2016, Duval participated in the Work in Progress artist residency in Times Square, New York. That same year, he held an exhibition titled Method of Loci at The Breeder Gallery in Athens, Greece, and collaborated with Flash Art Special Projects in a special presentation at Paramount Ranch.
Duval has exhibited at the Centre Pompidou, the Garage Museum, MoMA PS1, and Palais de Tokyo. His work has been featured in 032c, Casa BRUTUS, FRAME, The New York Times, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, Harper’s Bazaar Korea, and WWD.
Shanzhai Biennial
Duval is the co-founder of the artists collective Shanzhai Biennial with stylist Avena Gallagher and artist Babak Radboy. The collective describes itself as a "multinational brand posing as an art-project posing as an [sic] multinational brand posing as a biennial", "a pure brand unencumbered by products", in other words a "meta-brand". The name is meant to evoke a bi-annual art exhibition, but instead of taking a city as its namesake, it refers to the Shanzhai counterfeit consumer goods industry in China, and the intentionally incorrect appropriation of luxury brand names. Inspired by knockoff goods in Manhattan's Chinatown, the collective was initiated as a critique of the art and fashion industries, as well as a celebration of the ingenuity and humour of Shanzhai culture. The collective undertakes projects by invitation from cultural institutions or brands, and highlights the aspect of Shanzhai that M+ curator Aric Chen has called the "pop art of China".
As a precursor to the collective's projects, Duval curated a selection of Shanzhai objects in collaboration with DIS Magazine. The objects were photographed by Marco Roso for an exhibition titled Shanzhai Anxiety at Colette in 2011.
Shanzhai Biennial No. 1 was held during Beijing Design Week 2012. The artists created a fake fashion campaign photo-shoot based on the paintings of Chinese artist Yue Minjun, and installed a false store-front in Beijing's Chaochangdi village, complete with red carpet, rope lines, and a step and repeat press wall. The ad campaign also ran as an eight-page editorial in the Chinese lifestyle magazine Modern Weekly. When the New York Times mistook the project for "a high-concept fashion line" that hadn't yet produced a collection, the artists decided not to issue a correction.
Shanzhai Biennial No. 2 consisted of a video depicting the artist Wu Ting Ting dressed as a shampoo bottle and lip-syncing to a Chinese rendition of Sinéad O'Connor’s Nothing Compares 2 U, and was displayed on an LED curtain for MoMA PS1's ProBio exhibition in 2013.
The artists followed this up with Shanzhai Biennial No. 3 at Frieze London 2014, conceived as a branding exercise for the art fair. Working with a local luxury real-estate agency, the artists transformed a booth space into a model real-estate office ostensibly selling a £32 million London mansion, complete with a professional ad campaign, and trafficking in the Frieze brand with a fake luxury bag, and limited edition souvenirs.
Shanzhai Biennial has collaborated with the designer Telfar Clemens, the musician Fatima Al Qadiri, as well as TankTV and DIS Magazine, and has exhibited work at West Bund Art & Design, Centre Pompidou, and the New Museum.
Films
In 2013, Duval created the short film Joss with Chinese artist Cheng Ran, depicting paper funeral items resembling fashion accessories and commercial brands being destroyed by flames and fire crackers. The film has been screened at Palais de Tokyo (Paris), K11 Art Foundation Pop-up Space (Hong Kong), and Museum of Contemporary Art Taipei.
Duval's short film NUII premièred at the Bethlehem Baptist Church in Los Angeles in 2017. The film features corporate and political symbols being burnt in effigy. His experimental short film COLD SINGLE was filmed in Taitung, Taiwan, with Taiwanese director Mel Hsieh, inspired by his life in the country. The film was presented for the first time at ASIA NOW at the Paris Asian Art Fair in 2019, with its US première set for Frieze Los Angeles 2020 at the Paramount Theatre.
References
Living people
Artists from Paris
French conceptual artists
French designers
1977 births
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4520699
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromodifluoroacetyl%20chloride
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Bromodifluoroacetyl chloride
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Bromodifluoroacetyl chloride is a chemical compound with the formula BrCF2COCl. It has been used as a starting material for the synthesis of (biologically active) α,α-difluoro-γ-lactams and has been used in the synthesis of trifluoromethylated C-nucleosides.
See also
Acetyl chloride
Trifluoroacetic acid
References
Acyl chlorides
Organochlorides
Organofluorides
Organobromides
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57339219
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drymus%20unus
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Drymus unus
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Drymus unus is a species of dirt-colored seed bug in the family Rhyparochromidae. It is found in North America.
References
Drymini
Articles created by Qbugbot
Insects described in 1832
Hemiptera of North America
Taxa named by Thomas Say
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35635599
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesk%20Fell
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Hesk Fell
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Hesk Fell is a hill in the south-west of the English Lake District, between the Duddon Valley and Eskdale near Ulpha, Cumbria. It is the subject of a chapter of Wainwright's book The Outlying Fells of Lakeland. It reaches and Wainwright's route, an anticlockwise circuit from the Birker Fell road, also visits The Pike at . Wainwright admits that the fell "has many shortcomings" and that the view of Scafell Pike and its neighbours is "the only reward for the ascent".
References
Fells of the Lake District
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6371253
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certosa%20di%20Padula
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Certosa di Padula
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Padula Charterhouse, in Italian Certosa di Padula (or Certosa di San Lorenzo di Padula), is a large Carthusian monastery, or charterhouse, located in the town of Padula, in the Cilento National Park, in Southern Italy. It is a World Heritage Site.
The monastery is the largest in Italy. Its building history covers 450 years, but the principal parts of the buildings are in Baroque style. It is a very large monastery, comprising 51,500 m2 (12.7 acres), with 320 rooms and halls.
History
Padula Charterhouse was founded by Tommaso di San Severino on 27 April 1306 on the site of an earlier monastery. It is dedicated to Saint Lawrence, and its architectural structure supposedly recalls the griddle-iron upon which the saint was burnt alive.
The monastery has the biggest cloister in the world, covering 12,000 m2 (2.97 acres) and surrounded by 84 columns. A famous spiral staircase of white marble inside an annex leads to the large library.
According to the strict Carthusian distinction between contemplation and work, there are two distinct places for these practices: on the one hand the peaceful cloisters, the library with its fine Vietri ceramic tiled floor, the chapels decorated with fine inlaid marble works. The altar frontals in most of the chapels are inlaid, not with marble, but with some of the most spectacular 18th. century scagliola work ever created. This is the highest concentration of such work in one place. One of the centres of production was in Naples. the cloister orchards; and on the other hand the large kitchen, the cellars with their enormous wine vats, the laundries, and the huge external yards, where there were people working in the stables, ovens, stores, and at the olive oil mill. The yards were used for productive activities and for trade between the charterhouse and the external world.
The monastery also houses the archaeological museum of Western Lucania, which preserves a collection of all the finds unearthed in the excavations at the necropolis of Sala Consilina and Padula. This museum represents a period of time ranging from protohistory to the Hellenistic Age.
The building has also played a role in the military history of Italy. It served as French headquarters during the Napoleonic Wars, then as a base of Garibaldi's Southern Army during the Risorgimento, finally, as an internment camp for prisoners during the World War 1 and World War 2. It was here that the Czechoslovak Legion in Italy was established in 1917.
References
External links
Villaprato
1306 establishments in Europe
14th-century establishments in Italy
Christian organizations established in the 14th century
World Heritage Sites in Italy
Carthusian monasteries in Italy
Monasteries in Campania
Buildings and structures in the Province of Salerno
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water%20supply%20and%20sanitation%20in%20Vietnam
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Water supply and sanitation in Vietnam
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Water supply and sanitation in Vietnam is characterized by challenges and achievements. Among the achievements is a substantial increase in access to water supply and sanitation between 1990 and 2010, nearly universal metering, and increased investment in wastewater treatment since 2007.
Among the challenges are continued widespread water pollution, poor service quality, low access to improved sanitation in rural areas, poor sustainability of rural water systems, insufficient cost recovery for urban sanitation, and the declining availability of foreign grant and soft loan funding as the Vietnamese economy grows and donors shift to loan financing.
This has caused many Vietnamese to not fully trust water sources that may not be safe or clean, or even avoiding tap water and only using water that has been filtered and boiled. In Vietnam, it is not recommended to drink tap water directly. The Vietnamese government encourages to at least boil water before consumption, with many familiar with water filters but rural places often not being able to own one or lack access to them due to poverty or distance from more urban areas.
The government also promotes increased cost recovery through tariff revenues and has created autonomous water utilities at the provincial level, but the policy has had mixed success as tariff levels remain low and some utilities have engaged in activities outside their mandate.
Access
In 2015, 98% of the total population in Vietnam had access to "improved" water, or 99% and 97%, for the urban and rural population, respectively. That means that around 2 million people lacked access to "improved" water. Regarding sanitation, 78% of the population in Vietnam had access to "improved" sanitation, or 94% of the urban population and 70% of the rural population. Still, approximately 21 million people in Vietnam, in 2015, lacked accessed to "improved" sanitation.
According to the UN's Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation, access to an improved water source increased from 58% in 1990 to 96% in 2010. However, most Vietnamese receive water from a tap in the yard or a public tap in the village from where they have to carry water to their home. In 2010, only 23% of Vietnamese had a tap in their home. There are substantial differences in access between urban and "rural" areas. 70% of the Vietnamese population lives in rural areas, but many so-called rural areas are actually small towns, e.g. in the densely settled Red River Delta. In urban areas, 59% had a tap in their home, while in rural areas this share was only 8%. In 2009 over 200 out of approximately 650 district towns did not have any piped water system.
Access to improved sanitation increased from 37% in 1990 to 75% in 2011. There is a significant gap between urban areas, where access stands at 93%, and rural areas with an access of only 67%. In 2009, 75% of households in provincial towns were not connected to a sewer. Septic tanks are common, but with the exception of Hai Phong, no town offers a reasonable desludging service.
Water resources
Vietnam has abundant surface and ground water resources. Nevertheless, local shortages can occur during the dry season. For example, the basins of the Dong Nai River in South Vietnam, the Southeast River Cluster, Ma River in North Central Vietnam, Kone River and Huong River are expected to be at risk of exceeding projected water needs in 2020.
The 7 million people in Ho Chi Minh City receive 93% of their drinking water from two treatment plants on the Dong Nai River and the much smaller Sai Gon River, with the remaining 7% coming from overexploited groundwater that is polluted by seawater intrusion and contamination. Dong Nai River, which is regulated further upstream by two dams, has ample water resources to supply the growing city with more water. However, in dry years drinking water supply competes with agricultural uses that may together exceed water availability.
Hanoi with its more than 6 million inhabitants receives 80% of its water from groundwater. Groundwater is polluted by ammonium with a concentration that is 5 to 10 times (7–20 mg/L) higher than the allowed standard. Surface water comes from the Gia Lam plant completed in 1994 and the Thang Long North-Van Tri plant completed in 2004, both financed by Japanese development assistance. It is planned that surface water from the Da River, the Red River and the Duong River will satisfy the growing water demand in the future and gradually replace the existing ground water. During the dry season in 2013 several districts of Hanoi went completely without water. A transmission pipeline from the existing plant on the Da River suffered numerous breaks, exacerbating water scarcity. The Vietnamese company Vinaconex built the pipeline with fibreglass-reinforced pipes that it manufactured itself using. With anti-Chinese sentiment riding high in Vietnam, the faults have been blamed on the perceived low-cost Chinese technology behind the manufacturing process. When a Chinese firm won a contract to build
a second pipeline in 2016, the government cancelled the contract.
Service quality
Drinking water quality
In early 2009 tests by the Vietnam Institute of Biotechnology showed widespread contamination of municipal tap water, including high levels of e-coli. Most residents boil drinking water, because they do not trust the quality of the tap water, or use bottled water. Some tap water samples were also contaminated with ammonia at levels that were 6–18 times higher than the allowed level. Ammonia in drinking water is not a direct health risk, but it can compromise disinfection efficiency, cause the failure of some filters, and it causes taste and odor problems. Arsenic levels were two to three times higher than acceptable according to the World Health Organization guidelines. Bacteria were also found in bottled water samples, according to analyses by the Ho Chi Minh City health department in 2009, leading to 38 water bottling firms being ordered closed.
Pollution and wastewater treatment
Water pollution is a serious issue in Vietnam as a result of rapid industrialization and urbanization without adequate environmental management. As of 2008 only 10 percent of municipal wastewater was treated, and only 45% of industrial zones were expected to have wastewater treatment of some kind in 2010. The pollution of rivers and lakes in Hanoi is "alarming" according to municipal authorities, as up to 98 per cent of 200 rivers and lakes fail to meet the required water quality. Sewer systems consist of combined sewers, channeling both rainwater and municipal sewage. Small enterprises engaged in food processing and textile dyeing in so-called "craft villages", of which there are 700 in the Red River Delta alone, discharge untreated wastewater. An analysis by the University of Technologies and the Ministry of Science and Technology showed that 100% of wastewater samples taken from craft villages exceed allowed levels of pollution. Vietnam also has more than 200 registered industrial zones without sustainable wastewater treatment. Industrial zones discharge 1 million cubic meters of untreated sewage per day, about 70 percent of all industrial wastewater. 8 industrial zones will be equipped with wastewater treatment plants with the help of a US$50 million loan from the World Bank approved in 2012. It is also planned to construct 30 wastewater treatment plants in the Mekong Delta until 2020, including 13 plants for domestic wastewater treatment and 17 for industrial wastewater treatment in Can Tho, a Giang, Kien Giang and Ca Mau provinces. In 2012 Hanoi expected to start the operation of the upgraded Yen So waste water treatment plant with a design capacity of 200,000 cubic meters per day; eight more wastewater treatment plants are planned in Hanoi alone.
Responsibility for water supply and sanitation
Responsibility for policy setting
Within the national government responsibility for water supply and sanitation is shared between three Ministries. Urban water supply and sewerage is under the Ministry of Construction. Rural water supply is under the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, while rural sanitation and hygiene are under the Ministry of Health. The structure of Ministries is mirrored at the provincial level, where each Ministry has branches. The 58 provinces have considerable autonomy in implementing policies. For example, some focus on public sector service provision, while others − especially in the South - promote the private sector.
National policies and targets
The government policy is to achieve full cost recovery for water supply and partial cost recovery for urban sanitation. Decree 117/2007 requires water supply tariffs to be set to full cost recovery and Decree 88/2007 requires sanitation to be charged through a surcharge of the water tariff at a minimum of 10% to achieve recovery of the operation and maintenance costs. In 2009 the government introduced the policy of “socialization” or “equitization” of water supply companies through Prime Minister Instruction 854/2009. The policy is a byword for creating financially autonomous utilities that would ultimately be able to borrow from commercial banks.
The government aims at providing 90% of the urban population with access to safe drinking water and at collecting and treating 100% of the urban wastewater by 2020. The latter goal had been set for 2010 as part of the Vietnam Development Goals, but only 10% of urban wastewater was treated as of 2008 according to the Ministry of Construction. Furthermore, the government aims at reducing non-revenue water to 15% by 2020, to provide 120–-150 liters of water per capita per day, and to make water companies financially self-sustaining by 2025. The latter target had also been set for 2010, but was missed.
There is a National Strategy for Rural Clean Water Supply and Sanitation that was approved in 2000, which emphasizes a demand-responsive approach, meaning that users should take important decisions such as the most appropriate technology and the model of service provision.
Policy implementation and monitoring
The "equitization" was completed in 2010, but – unlike the central government intended – the provincial governments used water utilities to engage in lucrative real estate deals. Provincial and local governments are reluctant to raise tariffs in line with government policies, and the sanitation surcharge is often insufficient to recover even operating costs, leaving local governments with the burden to subsidize the operating costs of wastewater companies. Tariffs were thus barely increased and the level of cost recovery remains low, especially for wastewater. The Asian Development Bank concluded in 2010:
There is no meaningful monitoring system for the sector goals. The sector goals concerning access to drinking water and sanitation are not defined in terms of the definition of the UN's Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation, which is considered too loose, but in terms of a more narrow definition of access. There is a large number of performance criteria, but there are no baseline data and no methodology for monitoring. There may even be a disincentive for provinces to improve their monitoring systems, since it is in their interest to show that their access figures are low and that they are in need of more central funds.
In rural areas decision-making often remains top-down, with little or no meaningful participation by users. For example, in some provinces in Central Vietnam piped water supply with meters is provided at high costs, while users continue to use water that comes in hose pipes from nearby sources, because it is cheaper and is considered of better quality. The Asian Development Bank concludes:
Responsibility for service provision
Water supply and sanitation in Vietnam is the responsibility of numerous categories of service providers, with substantial differences in the categories of service providers between urban and rural areas.
Urban areas
Water supply in cities and some larger towns is provided by state-owned provincial Water Service Companies (WSCs). Provincial WSCs have evolved from a centralized national water supply organization during the 1990s. Their autonomy is still limited. Key decisions such as budgets, staff salary and benefits, and senior management appointments require approval by the provincial government. Assets are owned by the province, not the WSC. There is no contractual relationship between the Province and the WSC. Some WSCs are Public Service Enterprises (PSEs), while others have converted to private-law enterprises on the basis of the Enterprise Law. Some WSCs only operate the water systems, while others also design or even build them. Some even manufacture equipment. Some WSC are active outside their geographical jurisdiction.
Sewerage and wastewater treatment in cities is the responsibility of Provincial Urban Environmental Companies. In some provinces they provide only sewerage and wastewater treatment, while in others they have many other responsibilities such as solid waste collection, and again in other provinces WSCs are also in charge of sewerage.
Private sector participation in urban water supply is limited to Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) contracts for drinking water treatment plants. In Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), a Malaysian firm has been operating the Binh An plant since 1994. The Thu Duc 2 treatment plant in HCMC and a raw water pumping station supplying water to Ha Noi, including a transmission main from Hoa Binh, are owned and operated by Joint Stock Companies.
Rural areas
In small towns and rural areas there are six service models:
operated by the provincial branch of the National Center for Rural Water Supply and Sanitation CERWASS (41% of schemes)
Direct management by town-level People's Committee (24% of schemes);
Community management (23% of schemes, mostly of small size);
Agricultural Cooperatives (4%);
Other state-owned enterprises, mainly consisting of district water supply companies and/or environmental service companies (1%);
Private water companies (3%).
A 2007 survey by CERWASS in 39 provinces inventoried 4,433 piped water schemes, finding that those operated by CERWASS were best operated and maintained (62% classified as "good"), compared to those operated by people committees (38%) and communities (25%).
Most early private water systems were built and financed by local residents and water tariffs are high. Since 2007 private water companies began operating larger water systems, such as in Lim Town, with a total population of approximately 12,500, and Minh Duc Town, with a total population of 11,700, under competitively awarded 10-year lease contracts with the provincial water company. These contracts introduced a new service provision model to small towns in Vietnam.
The National Center for Rural Water Supply and Sanitation (CERWASS) and its provincial branch offices provides grant financing, requiring a user contribution, and organizes the construction of infrastructure. It also still operates water systems, although it is supposed to withdraw from this function. A World Bank study of rural water supply service delivery models in 2010 showed that there have been limited efforts to create the institutional framework necessary for sustainable service provision, that up to 90% of wells drilled are not operational and that "a large part of systems break down completely or need major repair within 3-4 years", partly due to poor quality construction. A 2007 survey showed a slightly better picture. It found that out of 4,433 piped water schemes 41% were well operated and maintained, 35% had "medium" operation and maintenance, and 24% had poor or no operation and maintenance.
Efficiency
According to a national urban water benchmarking system set up by the Viet Nam Water Supply and Sewerage Association (VWSA) with the support for the Asian Development Bank, non-revenue water is reported by provincial water companies as having been reduced from 39% in 2000 to around 30% in 2009 on average. However, VWSA itself questions the reliability of these figures. In some cities, non-revenue water is as high as 75%. The government says it wants to reduce non-revenue water to 25% by 2015 and 15% by 2025.
Financial aspects
Investment and financing
Between 1992 and 2002 about US$1 billion ($100 million per year) was invested in urban water supply and sanitation, out of which US$ 838m was financed by external donors. In rural areas, between 1999 and 2002 a total of VND 3.160 billion ($225 million, corresponding to $56 million per year) was invested, out of which VND 1,460 billion (46%) was financed by users themselves, VND 1300 billion (41%) by the government and “other sources”, and only VND 400 million (13 percent) by donors. The total investment of USD 156m per year corresponds to less than 2 USD per capita and year.
Tariff levels and adjustment
Urban water tariffs are set by the executive branch of each province, the Provincial People’s Committees, after the Provincial Water Supply Company (WSC) submits their tariff proposal. Often the People’s Committees obtain the consent of the legislative branch, the People's Council. Tariffs are reviewed annually. A 1999 circular 03/1999 said that local government must gradually increase water tariffs to fully recover costs. Implementation has been slow at first, but it sped up when in 2004 the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Construction issued a joint circular stipulating the common tariff framework for the whole country, including rural areas. In 2003 residential urban water tariffs were typically in the range VND 1600 to 2700/m3, with an average of VND 2,181/m3 (US$0.15/m3). According to another source, the average water tariff for all user categories - residential, commercial and others - was $0.26/m3 in 2009. Where water consumption is metered, increasing-block tariffs are applied. The second block of the tariff often starts at a low level of consumption. For example, in HCMC it starts at 4 cubic meters per month. However, connection fees are high, especially in small towns, and – according to the World Bank - were “a major obstacle to achieving greater coverage of water supply services” in 2005.
Sewer tariffs did not exist until the early 2000s and have only been introduced gradually. In HCMC the sewer tariff was only 10 percent of the water tariff, far below the actual cost of sewerage and wastewater treatment.
Cooperatives and community-based water supply systems in small towns set their own water tariffs, which are then approved by the Provincial People’s Committee. In rural areas, water is typically not being charged for.
Cost recovery and affordability
In 2004, all WSC except two recovered their operating costs from tariff revenues. The average operating cost coverage ratio was 168% in 2009. There is no information on cost recovery in small towns and rural areas.
Water bills for those connected are below 2 percent of household expenditures. In slums, residents often cannot connect to the public water system since they are not formally registered. They are forced to buy water from households with connections at a price that is 2−8 times higher than the water tariff.
External cooperation
The main external donors in water supply and sanitation in Vietnam are the Asian Development Bank and Japan, followed by the World Bank and Germany. In rural areas four smaller donor − Australia, Denmark, the UK and the Netherlands − have joined forces to provide budget support for a national program.
Germany
Germany promotes sustainable sanitation through a wastewater management program that involves technical cooperation and financial cooperation. The program ran from 2005 to 2014. It has influenced the national regulatory framework for sanitation through waste water management Decree 88/2007 enacted by the Prime Minister and a corresponding circular enacted in 2009 by the Ministry of Construction. Furthermore, it supports Provincial People's Committees and wastewater companies in nine provinces through the elaboration of corporate development plans and the financing of sewers and wastewater treatment plants. These are Lang Son, Son La, Hoa Binh, Bac Ninh and Hai Duong in the North, Vinh in the Centre, as well as Tra Vinh, Soc Trang and Can Tho in the Mekong Delta. In 2010 the province of Soc Trang has been the first to enact a sewer tariff that is designed to recover the costs of operation and maintenance. In 2012 Bac Ninh introduced a sewer tariff that is designed to recover half the operation and maintenance costs, with the aim of fully recovering them in 2014. The program also supports information campaigns to increase environmental and health awareness.
Japan
JICA supports "water environment improvement" in the provinces Thừa Thiên–Huế and Đồng Nai. In Bình Dương, near Ho Chi Minh City, JICA provides a low-interest loan of almost 20 billion Yen (US$170 million) for a sewer system and measures to conserve the city's source of drinking water.
World Bank
The World Bank provides support through 12 projects approved between 1997 and 2013 with a total lending of more than US$1 billion. One of them is the Red River Delta rural water supply and sanitation projects that promoted participatory approaches through the creation of joint-stock companies.
The World Bank-administered Global Partnership for Output-Based Aid (GPOBA) supports public-private partnerships for water supply in 75 villages in Central Vietnam through a US$4.5 million grant for the East Meets West Foundation.
Asian Development Bank
In February 2011 the ADB approved a $1bn 10year-facility for water supply in seven or more cities. In December 2015 the ADB approved a loan to expand a water treatment plant on the Da River to supply Hanoi with drinking water, replacing contaminated groundwater that is currently used to supply the city's residents. The loan proceeds will also be used to connect households west of the city along the transmission line from the Da River to Hanoi. However, in 2016 the Hanoi People's Committee awarded a licence to build another water treatment plant on the Duong River west of the city in an area without a distribution network. The licence was awarded without bidding, using a legal loophole that allows to bypass competitive bidding that is prescribed in a decree on Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) passed as recently as 2015. The private company that received the license is Vietnam-Oman Investment Company (VOI) – a joint venture of the State General Reserve Fund of Oman, State Capital Investment Corporation of Vietnam, state-owned technology enterprise Newtatco, VietinBank Capital, and the Hanoi Water Limited Company (Hawacom).
References
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21736343
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint%20Louis%20University%20College%20for%20Public%20Health%20and%20Social%20Justice
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Saint Louis University College for Public Health and Social Justice
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Saint Louis University College for Public Health and Social Justice was founded in 2013 by the combining of the School of Social Work, founded in 1930, the School of Public Health, established 1991, and the program in Criminology and Criminal Justice. The College has as its purpose to improve the health and wellbeing of the most vulnerable.
Programs
St. Louis University's College for Public Health and Social Justice offers 6 undergraduate degrees, 3 accelerated degrees, 7 masters, 13 dual-degree masters, 1 executive master's, 2 PhDs, and 3 certificates.
The College is one of 39 schools of public health accredited by the Council on Education for Public Health (CEPH) – the field’s highest accreditation. It is the only accredited school of public health in Missouri and the only school of public health at a Jesuit/Catholic university in the United States.
Public health students can also complete first-year and sophomore level coursework at SLU’s campus in Madrid, Spain.
U.S. News & World Report ranked SLU’s Master of Health Administration among the top graduate programs in the country.
Departments
There are four departments and one school of social work:
Behavioral Science and Health Education
Biostatistics
Epidemiology
Health Management and Policy
Social Work
Deans of the School
Since the school's founding:
James Kimmey (1991-1993)
Richard Kurz (1993-2001)
William True, interim (2001-2002)
Andrew Balas (2001-2004)
Homer Schmitz, interim (2004-2006)
Connie Evashwick (2006-2007)
Homer Schmitz, interim (2007-2010)
Edwin Trevathan (2010-2015)
Collins O. Airhihenbuwa (2016-2017)
Thomas Burroughs (July 1, 2017 – present)
Location
The College for Public Health and Social Justice is located at the SLU medical school, across from the university hospital on South Grand, about a mile south of the main campus. It is connected to the university by a shuttle bus. The School of Social Work remains on the university's main campus, on Lindell east of Grand.
References
Saint Louis University
2013 establishments in Missouri
Schools of public health in the United States
University subdivisions in Missouri
Medical and health organizations based in Missouri
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52480021
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgios%20Karpouzis
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Georgios Karpouzis
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Georgios Karpouzis (born 20 April 1958) is a Greek former swimmer. He competed in three events at the 1976 Summer Olympics.
References
1958 births
Living people
Greek male swimmers
Olympic swimmers for Greece
Swimmers at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Alexandria
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8399614
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C4%83tianu%20family
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Brătianu family
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The Brătianu family is a Romanian noble family, whose members were prominent politicians and founders of the National Liberal Party (PNL).
Notable members
Dincă Brătianu (1768–1844), Romanian nobleman
Ion Brătianu (1821–1891), PNL president, 1875–1891; Interior Minister, 1867, 1867–1868, 1877–1878, 1878–1879, 1882, 1884–1887; President of the Assembly of Deputies, 1868–1869; Prime Minister, 1876–1888, with a brief interruption in 1881
Dimitrie Brătianu (1818–1892), PLD president, 1885–1890; PNL president, 1891–1892; Foreign Affairs Minister, 1859; Interior Minister, 1860; Prime Minister and Foreign Affairs Minister, 1881; President of the Assembly of Deputies, 1881–1882
Elisa Brătianu (née Princess Elisa Știrbei, daughter of Prince Alexandru B. Știrbei) (1870–1957) central figure in Romanian politics and cultural preservation from 1907 to 1948. Was a participant in the Inter-Allied Women's Conference presentation to the League of Nations in 1919.
Ion I. C. Brătianu (1864–1927), PNL president, 1909–1927; Interior Minister, 1907–1909, 1910, 1923–1926; Foreign Affairs Minister, 1916–1918, 1918–1919, 1927; Prime Minister, 1908–1910, 1914–1918, 1918–1919, 1922–1926, 1927
Dinu Brătianu (1866–1950), PNL president, 1934–1947; died at Sighet Prison
Vintilă Brătianu (1867–1930), PNL president, 1927–1930; Prime Minister, 1927–1928
Constantin C. (Bebe) Brătianu (1887–1956), PNL General Secretary, 1938–1947
Gheorghe I. Brătianu (1898–1953), president of the National Liberal Party-Brătianu, 1930–1938; died at Sighet Prison
(1914–1994), president of the Liberal Party 1993, 1993–1994
References
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5630697
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantism%20in%20Albania
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Protestantism in Albania
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Evangelical Protestantism is one of five officially recognized faiths in Albania. It is a Christian faith that views Jesus Christ as its founder and head, and the Bible (especially the New Testament) as its written authority.
The US International Religious Freedom Report of 2022 noted that 38% of the population (just over a million people) have a Christian background. There are 95 Christian groups in the country, 174 of which are evangelical. The number of Evangelical Protestants in Albania has risen from approximately 8000 in 1998, to approximately 14,000 in the early 2020s. However, in the 2011 census, 70% of respondents refused to declare belief in any of the listed faiths.
Unlike other official religions in Albania, Evangelical Protestants are not organized under a hierarchy with an official head, but operate autonomously in separate churches or organizations bearing different denominational or non-denominational names. Most, but not all Evangelical/Protestant groups are members of the Albania's Evangelical Brotherhood (VUSH), a cooperative organization which views itself as existing as "an instrument of blessing … with the purpose of promoting unity amongst the churches, representing every local church with dignity, and promoting evangelism."
Protestant denominations include Baptist, Lutheran and Anglican.
History
On August 26, 1816, Robert Pinkerton wrote the British and Foreign and Bible Society to encourage them to translate the New Testament into Albanian. Cyrus Hamlin reported in 1857 that Albanians were applying to his Protestant seminary. The first documented Albanian Protestant was Kostandin Kristoforidhi, who left his native Orthodox faith and converted to Protestantism on his own while comparing Orthodox, Roman Catholic and Protestant theological texts. He joined the Protestant Church of Smyrna in 1856 or 1857, and was sent to Istanbul for theological training.
In Monastir, Gjerasim Qiriazi also converted to Protestantism ca. 1876-1877, and united with the multi-ethnic Protestant church there. The first two known Albanian Protestant-Evangelical churches were both established by Gjerasim Qiriazi, first in Monastir in 1884 and later in Korça in 1890 (both cities then part of the Ottoman Empire).
In April 1890, Gjerasim Qiriazi was ordained as the first Albanian evangelist and preacher by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in the board's annual meeting help in Monastir. The second church among Albanians was opened in Korça. Qiriazi was also the head of one of the first national societies within Albania, named “The Evangelical Brotherhood”. As a result, Gjerasim Qiriazi is considered as the father of the Albanian Protestant Church.
During the Communist regime of the late 20th century, Albania was declared as the world’s first atheist country. Over 2,000 religious institutions were closed. Several religious leaders and preachers were arrested, imprisoned and executed. It was against the law to buy a Bible at that time. When the regime ended in 1991, there were less than 20 Evangelical Christians in the country.
In July, 1991 an international consortium of eleven mission agencies calling themselves the Albanian Encouragement Project (AEP) secured government permission to hold an evangelical gathering in Tirana. The AEP grew to 45 agencies and continued their work there for several years.
Freedom of religion
In 2023, the constitution provides for freedom of religion and conscience. It states that there is no official religion, but officially recognises Sunni Albanian Muslims, Bektashi Muslims, Roman Catholics, Albanian Autocephalous Orthodox and VUSH.
In 2022, Albania scored 4 out of 4 for religious freedom.
See also
Religion in Albania
Christianity in Albania
Roman Catholicism in Albania
Orthodoxy in Albania
Irreligion in Albania
Freedom of religion in Albania
References
Further reading
Hosaflook, David. Lëvizja protestante te shqiptarët, 1816-1908. Skopje: ITSHKSH, 2019.
Young, David. Lëvizja protestante midis shqiptarëve, 1908-1991. Prishtina: TENDA, 2011.
External links
(dedicated to the study and research of Protestantism in Albania).
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25496884
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arneiroz
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Arneiroz
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Arneiroz is a municipality in the state of Ceará in the Northeast region of Brazil.
See also
List of municipalities in Ceará
References
Municipalities in Ceará
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23029427
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven%20Fine
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Steven Fine
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Steven Fine is a historian of Judaism in the Greco-Roman World and a professor at Yeshiva University.
Education
Fine received a BA in Religious Studies from University of California, Santa Barbara in 1979, an MA in Art History and Museum Studies from the University of Southern California in 1984, and a PhD in Jewish History from Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 1993.
Career
Fine worked as an intern in the Departments of Jewish Art and Jewish Folklore at the Israel Museum (1977-8, 1980–81), in the Department of Indian Art of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (1982-3, under the tutelage of Pratapaditya Pal), and then as curator of the USC Archaeological Research Collection (1983-87 under the tutelage of Bruce Zuckerman).
After completing his doctorate in Jerusalem, Fine served as assistant and associate professor at Baltimore Hebrew College (1994-2000), and then as Jewish Foundation Professor of Judaic Studies at the University of Cincinnati from 2000 to 2005.
Steven Fine joined the faculty of Yeshiva University in 2005 as Professor of Jewish History, and served as chair of the Department of Jewish History at Yeshiva College. In 2015 he was awarded the Dean Pinkhos Churgin Chair in Jewish History at Yeshiva University. He is the Founding Director of the Yeshiva University Center for Israel Studies and the Arch of Titus Project.
Arch of Titus
Fine is the head of the Arch of Titus Digital Restoration Project. The team discovered original yellow ochre paint that was originally on the menorah at the arch.
Some of his work, including his class on the Arch of Titus, has been dedicated to debunking the myth that the ancient menorah from the Temple in Jerusalem is in the Vatican.
Books
This Holy Place: On the Sanctity of the Synagogue During the Greco-Roman Period, Christianity and Judaism in Antiquity Series, Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press, 1997.
Art and Judaism in the Greco-Roman World: Toward a New "Jewish Archaeology, Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Second revised edition, 2010, Joshua Schnitzer Book Award by the Association for Jewish Studies (2009)
Sacred Realm: The Emergence of the Synagogue in the Ancient World, editor and author of the major essay. New York: Oxford University Press and Yeshiva University Museum, 1996, best book in its category, Society of Architectural Historians.
Jews, Christians and Polytheists in the Ancient Synagogue: Cultural Interaction During the Greco-Roman Period, Proceedings of a conference organized by Baltimore Hebrew University, May, 1997, edited by S. Fine, London: Routledge Press, 1999. Finalist, 1999 National Jewish Book Award, Charles H. Revson Foundation Award in Jewish-Christian Relations.
A Crown for a King: Studies in Memory of Prof. Stephen S. Kayser, edited by S. Fine, W. Kramer, S. Sabar, Berkeley: Magnes Museum Press and Jerusalem: Gefen, 2000.
Liturgy in the Life of the Synagogue: Studies in the History of Jewish Public Prayer, edited by Steven Fine and Ruth Langer. Duke Judaic Studies Series. Series editor, E. M. Meyers. Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns, 2005.
The Temple of Jerusalem: From Moses to the Messiah: In Honor of Professor Louis H. Feldman.' Boston: Brill, 2011.
Puzzling Out the Past: Studies in Near Eastern Epigraphy and Archaeology in Honor of Bruce Zuckerman. Eds. S. Fine, M. Lundberg, D. Pardee, Boston: Brill Academic Press, 2012.
Art, History and the Historiography of Judaism in Roman Antiquity. Boston: Brill Academic Press, 2012.
The Menorah: From the Bible to Modern Israel. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2016.
Notes
External links
Steven Fine's website contains his full curriculum vitae,'' articles, links and videos https://yeshiva.academia.edu/StevenFine/About/
Yeshiva University Center for Israel Studies: http://www.yu.edu/cis/
Yeshiva University faculty
Historians of Jews and Judaism
Jewish historians
1958 births
Living people
Hebrew University of Jerusalem alumni
University of Southern California alumni
University of California, Santa Barbara alumni
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22131009
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulaski%20County%20Courthouse%20%28Georgia%29
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Pulaski County Courthouse (Georgia)
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Pulaski County Courthouse is a Classical Revival building in Hawkinsville, Georgia dating from 1874. The building is located on the southwest corner of Commerce Street (US BUS 129/341/SRs 11 BUS/26) and North Lumpkin Street. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
The core of the building was built in 1874. In 1885, the courthouse's clock was added. In 1897 and 1910, it had major additions. It is unusual among courthouses for having a chapel, just outside the entrance to the courtroom, which is used for weddings and prayer groups.
The courthouse is a contributing building in the Hawkinsville Commercial and Industrial Historic District.
References
External links
Pulaski County Magistrate, Probate and Superior Courts
Courthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Georgia (U.S. state)
Neoclassical architecture in Georgia (U.S. state)
Government buildings completed in 1874
Buildings and structures in Pulaski County, Georgia
County courthouses in Georgia (U.S. state)
National Register of Historic Places in Pulaski County, Georgia
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215313
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grodno%20Region
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Grodno Region
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Grodno Region, also known as Grodno Oblast or Hrodna Voblasts (; ; ), is one of the regions of Belarus. It is located in the western part of the country. Its administrative center, Grodno, is also the largest city in the region.
It lies on the Neman River. The region borders Minsk Region to the east, Brest Region to the south, Poland (Podlaskie Voivodeship) to the west and Vitebsk Region and Lithuania (Alytus and Vilnius counties) to the north. Grodno's existence is attested to from 1127. Two castles dating from the 14th to 18th centuries are located here on the steep right bank of the Nemen. One of the city's surviving masterpieces is the 12th century Orthodox Church of St Boris & St Gleb (Kalozhskaya Church), which is the second oldest in Belarus.
History
This region was the westernmost "borderlands" of the Early East Slavs (tribal union Dregoviches?) on the lands of the Balts in the 6th-9th centuries. In the 12th-14th centuries it was part of the area sometimes known as Black Ruthenia, that was fully incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL) by the rulers of Lithuania in the 13th century.
In 1413, the area around Grodno, part of the Duchy of Trakai, was transformed into newly established Trakai Voivodeship. Grodno became the seat of Grodno County. In 1441, Magdeburg Law charter was granted to the capital by Casimir IV Jagiellon Grand Duke of Lithuania and future King of Poland. In 1444, Grodno received its coat of arms from Casimir's hands as well as substantial trade privileges.
The strong economic development of the area continued during the reign of Casimir's son - Duke Alexander Jagiellon who founded the first solid bridge over the Neman River as well as Monastery of Order of Saint Augustine and Monastery of Polish Ordo Fratrum Minorum. Later, Bona Sforza Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania, placed in Grodno her royal residence. According to medieval surveys, Grodno had 35 streets and 700 houses in 1558.
The golden age of Grodno falls on the reign of Stephen Báthory King of Poland, which is between 1576 and 1586. During his reign, Grodno became royal headquarters and began to host sessions of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Senate and Parliament. In 1580, on king's order the castle of Grodno was rebuilt in Renaissance style of architecture, by Scoto di Parma.
At the beginning of the 17th century, Grodno was one of the most developed and important cities in Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, traditionally recognized as the third capital of the commonwealth. Deterioration of province status began with Livonian War which put Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in long-lasting and exhausting military conflict with Tsardom of Russia and Swedish Empire. Between 1765 and 1780, the province regained some of its previous status when Antoni Tyzenhaus the Treasurer of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Administrator of Polish Royal Estates, was governing the capital and the province. Around 50 new economical endeavours were undertaken by Tyzenhaus in the region, new manufactures, mills and workshops have been built.
As part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth forming the Grand Duchy's Trakai Voivodship, and due to subsequent Partitions of Poland, the whole of the Grodno region was finally annexed by Russian Empire by the end of 1795. The city of Grodno then became a seat for Grodno Governorate.
During World War I the governorate was occupied by Germany. German troops entered Grodno city on 3 September 1915, plundering the Library of Dominicans Order. During the German occupation, Polish citizens of Grodno region were persecuted and had restricted civil rights. At the end of the war, the Belarusian People's Republic declared its independence from Soviet Russia in March 1918 in Minsk. Grodno was the site of the last stand of the BNR's Council (Rada). Soon, the council was forced to flee as Soviet troops invaded the region and the city in 1919. The same year Polish–Soviet War broke out and lasted until 1921.
Under the terms of Peace Treaty of Riga the region and the city returned to Second Polish Republic which claimed rights to this territory as a successor to Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and as a victorious side of the Polish–Soviet War. By 1939, the Grodno city had 60,000 inhabitants, with Poles and Jews accounting for 60% and 37% of the population, respectively. During Polish rule Grodno was centre of Grodno County in Białystok Voivodeship, but some parts of present Grodno Region was in the voivodeships of Nowogródek and Wilno.
After World War II started, on 17 September 1939, the Grodno area was invaded by Soviet Union and incorporated by force to the Soviet Union as part of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic. Grodno was located in the newly established Belastok Region. Thousands were imprisoned or deported to Siberia or Kazakhstan. In the early summer of 1941 the region fell under Nazi German occupation. In November 1941, German occupants established the Grodno Ghetto for Jewish citizens of Grodno and rest of the region population. In 1942, after a year of severe persecution and planned starvation of ghetto inhabitants, 10,000 Jews from Grodno were deported to the German concentration camp of Auschwitz-Birkenau and murdered there. Next year, in 1943, survivors of remaining 17,000 of ghetto inhabitants were again deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau as well as to Treblinka extermination camp and Białystok Ghetto. Although on 13 March 1943, German troops reported the end of extermination and described Grodno city as judenrein, around 50 Jews survived the extermination, also hidden by non-Jewish families. Polish and Soviet underground acted in the region. Villages like Dziarečyn, which originally had large Jewish populations, were greatly reduced.
As a result of Joseph Stalin's policy of expansion to the west, it was decided during the Yalta Conference that the Polish eastern border shall be set along the so-called "original" Curzon Line. Based on this decision, the left-bank part of Grodno town would be kept within the borders of Poland. It is actually not clear till today, how the original Curzon Line near Grodno has been moved by around 20 km to the west. When the so-called "mistake" (today regarded rather as sabotage within British ministry structures) became obvious to negotiators, Stalin refused to correct the mistaken line. Despite multiple and desperate appeals from Polish citizens of Grodno, the whole Grodno region, (including ethically Polish till today) Sapotskin Triangle, was incorporated to the Soviet Belarus and many Poles emigrated or were expelled.
In 1944, Belastok Region was dissolved and Grodno Region established.
Since 1991, the Grodno Region constitutes one of six regions of independent Belarus.
Heritage and tourism
Main tourist attractions in the region are numerous old architectural constructions such as castles in Mir, Lida, Novogrudok. A part of Białowieża Forest is situated here, but the tourist excursions start from the Brest Region part of the National Park. Zhyrovichy Monastery is also a destination for religious travellers.
The Mir Castle Complex and Belovezhskaya Pushcha National Park are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. There are such objects of Belarusian Cultural heritage list, as the Church of Saint Anthony of Padua in Kamienka, St. Francis Xavier Cathedral, St Andrew's Church in Slonim, Church of the Holy Trinity in Gierviaty, etc.
There are about 45 travel agencies in Grodno Region, half of them provide agent activity, the other half are tour operators.
Demographics
The province covers an area of 25,100 km2 and has a population of 1,065,100, giving a population density of 42/km2. About 63.5% live in cities and towns, while 36.5% live in rural areas. Females account for 53% of the region's population and men 47%. There are about 310,000 children under 19, and about 240,000 people aged over 60.
Nowadays, Belarusians account for 62.3% of the population. The region is a home to significant minority populations.
Demographics 1930
Poles (60.5%)
Jews (37.5%)
Belarusians (0.5%)
Russians (0.5%)
Ukrainians (0.2%)
Lithuanians (0.2%)
Tatars (0.2%)
Lithuanians (0.2%)
other nationalities (0.2%)
Demographics 2002
Belarusians (62.3%)
Poles (24.8%),
Russians (10%),
Ukrainians (1.8%),
Jews (0.4%),
Tatars (0.2%),
Lithuanians (0.2%),
other nationalities (0.4%).
Whereas Belarus as a whole is primarily Russian Orthodox, Grodno Region has two major religions, Roman Catholic and Russian Orthodox. There are 449 religious communities and 18 denominations, 2 Russian Orthodox eparchial districts, 1 Orthodox nun sorority, 2 Catholic monk brotherhoods, 1 Catholic nun sorority, 2 Orthodox and 4 Catholic monasteries, 165 Orthodox and 169 Catholic churches. The Catholic minority is made up mostly of Poles, although the identifier "Pole" has also been historically applied to Catholic Belarusians.
There are a number on national minority associations: 6 Polish, 6 Lithuanian, 4 Jewish, 1 Ukrainian, 1 Russian, 1 Tatar, 1 Georgian, 1 Chuvash.
Administrative subdivisions
The Grodno Region is subdivided into 17 districts (rajons), 194 selsoviets, 12 cities, 6 city municipalities, and 21 urban-type settlements.
Districts of Grodno Region
Ashmyany District
Astravyets District
Byerastavitsa District
Dzyatlava District
Grodno District
Iwye District
Karelichy District
Lida District
Masty District
Novogrudok District
Shchuchyn District
Slonim District
Smarhon District
Svislach District
Vawkavysk District
Voranava District
Zelva District
Cities and towns
Population of cities and towns in Grodno Region:
Economy
In 2016, Grodno Region produced 10.9% of industrial output of Belarus. The biggest company was a nitrogen fertilizer producer Grodno Azot (16% of regional industrial output). In 2017, the biggest taxpayer of the region was Grodno tobacco factory.
Average salary (before income tax) in the region in 2017 was 700 BYN, or lower than average salary in Belarus (820 BYN). The highest salary in the region was recorded in Grodno (810 BYN).
Unemployment rate in 2017 was estimated at 4.4%, but only 0.8% of population of employable age was registered as unemployed.
See also
Second Polish Republic’s Nowogródek Voivodeship (1919-1939)
Second Polish Republic’s Białystok Voivodeship (1919–1939)
Second Polish Republic’s Wilno Voivodeship (1926–39)
Notes
References
External links
Grodno Regional Executive Committee , in Belarusian, Russian, English and Chinese
Regions of Belarus
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12027130
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthyllis%20vulneraria
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Anthyllis vulneraria
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Anthyllis vulneraria, the common kidneyvetch, kidney vetch or woundwort is a medicinal plant native to Europe. The name vulneraria means "wound healer".
Description
Anthyllis vulneraria reaches in height. The stem is simple or more often branched. The leaves are imparipinnate, glabrous or with scattered hairs on the upper face and silky hairs on the underside. The flower heads are spherical in shape and long. The petals are yellow in most sub-species, but red in A. vulneraria var. coccinea. Flowering takes place between June and September. The fruit is a legume. The fruits ripening takes place from July to October.
Kidney vetch is the food plant of the small blue butterfly larvae and the leaf miner, Aproaerema anthyllidella.
Distribution and habitat
This plant is sporadic throughout Europe, from Iceland to the Mediterranean, in Asia Minor up to Iran, in North Africa and in Ethiopia. It is naturalized in North America. It prefers dry grasslands and rocky environments with calcareous soil, up to of altitude.
Subspecies
This species includes numerous subspecies (which some authors elevate to the role of separate species). A incomplete list is as follows:
A. vulneraria subsp. abyssinica (Sagorski) Cullen
A. vulneraria subsp. alpestris (Kit.) Asch. et Gr.
A. vulneraria subsp. baldensis (Kerner) Becker
A. vulneraria subsp. busambarensis (Lojac.) Pign.
A. vulneraria subsp. carpatica (Pant.) Nyman
A. vulneraria subsp. colorata (Juz.) Tzvelev (synonym: Anthyllis colorata Juz.)
A. vulneraria subsp. forondae (Sennen) Cullen
A. vulneraria subsp. iberica (W.Becker) Jalas
A. vulneraria subsp. maura (Beck) Lindb.
A. vulneraria subsp. polyphylla (D.C.) Nyman
A. vulneraria subsp. polyphylla (D.C.) Nyman × affinis Brittinger ex Kerner
A. vulneraria subsp. praepropera (Kerner) Bornm.
A. vulneraria subsp. praepropera (Kerner) Bornm. × adriatica Beck
A. vulneraria subsp. pulchella (Vis.) Bornm.
A. vulneraria subsp. vulneraria L.
A. vulneraria subsp. vulnerarioides (All.) Arcang.
A. vulneraria subsp. vulnerarioides (All.) Arcang. × bonjeanii Beck
A. vulneraria subsp. weldeniana (Rchb.) Cullen
A. vulneraria subsp. weldeniana (Rchb.) Cullen × tricolor Vukot.
A. vulneraria subsp. weldeniana (Rchb.) Cullen × versicolor Sagorski
A. vulneraria subsp. valesiaca (Becker) Guyot
Gallery
References
vulneraria
Medicinal plants of Africa
Medicinal plants of Asia
Medicinal plants of Europe
Flora of Europe
Plants described in 1753
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
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1105538
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Have%20Quick
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Have Quick
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[[File:Arc-164-rt.jpg|thumb|200px|UHF-Aircraft station AN/ARC-164 HAVE QUICK II]]
HAVE QUICK (also HAVEQUICK, short HQ) is an ECM-resistant frequency-hopping system used to protect military aeronautical mobile (OR) radio traffic.
Since the end of World War II, U.S. and Allied military aircraft have used AM radios in the NATO harmonised 225–400 MHz UHF band (part of NATO B band) for short range air-to-air and ground-to-air communications. During development and the procurement of UHF radios, military planners did not require features to secure communications for aircraft and helicopters from jamming until the post-Vietnam War era. Progress in electronics in the 1970s reached a point where anyone with an inexpensive radio frequency scanner or receiver set could intercept military communications. Once the target frequencies were identified, radio frequency jamming could easily be employed to degrade or completely disable communications.
The HAVE QUICK program was a response to this problem. Engineers recognized that newer aircraft radios already included all-channel frequency synthesizers along with keyboards and displays for data entry. The only other system requirements to achieve the desired anti-jam functionality were an accurate clock (for timed synchronization) and a microprocessor to add frequency hopping to existing radios.
Aircraft and ground radios that employ HAVE QUICK must be initialized with accurate time of day (TOD; usually from a GPS receiver), a word of the day (WOD), and a net identifier (providing mode selection and multiple networks to use the same word of the day). A word of the day is a transmission security variable that consists of six segments of six digits each. The word of the day is loaded into the radio or its control unit to key the HAVE QUICK system to the proper hopping pattern, rate, and dwell time. The word of the day, time of day and net identifier are input to a cryptographic pseudorandom number generator that controls the frequency changes.
HAVE QUICK is not an encryption system, though many HAVE QUICK radios can be used with encryption; e.g. the KY-58 VINSON system. HAVE QUICK is not compatible with SINCGARS, the VHF - FM radios used by ground forces, which operate in a different radio band and use a different frequency hopping method; however some newer radios support both.
Particularities
A national Air Force operates generally in a closed common user group. However, deviation to this regulation existed on German territory until 1990. E.g. the HQ-user of the German Air Force in the North of Germany, operational subordinated to 2nd Allied Tactical Air Force used HQ net-group 1, whereas the southern units, subordinated to 4th Allied Tactical Air Force, used HQ net-group 2.
The co-ordination of HQ radio frequency channels in the NATO-harmonised UHF-band, the design of the so-called HQ hop-sets, is provided in NATO-Europe in responsibility of the NATO Allied Radio Frequency Agency (ARFA) in Brussels.
For training and exercises, HQ operates in peacetime mode with limited frequency access. Four net-numbers may be used overlapping in net-group 1 and 2. However, in tactical operation mode this limitation might be lifted.
Some HQ-features are compatible to encryption hardware; e.g. to the KY-58 VINSON-family.
Utilization in the US and NATO
HAVE QUICK was well adopted, and as of 2007 is used on nearly all U.S. military and NATO aircraft. Improvements include HAVE QUICK II Phase 2, and a "Second generation Anti-Jam Tactical UHF Radio for NATO" called SATURN''. The latter features more complex frequency hopping.
See also
AN/PRC-152
AN/ARC-164
AN/PRC-117F
AN/ARC-182
AN/ARC-210
B band (NATO)
Combat-net radio
Spread spectrum
References
External links
AN/ARC-164 HAVE QUICK II
Software Enables Radio Family Ties
Airscene HAVE QUICK II
Military radio systems
Military radio systems of the United States
Military electronics of the United States
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21668562
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mokre%2C%20S%C5%82upsk%20County
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Mokre, Słupsk County
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Mokre is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Główczyce, within Słupsk County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately south-east of Główczyce, east of Słupsk, and west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
References
Villages in Słupsk County
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39765600
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ablin
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Ablin
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Ablin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Richard J. Ablin (born 1940), American scientist
Setkul Ablin (fl. 1653–1672) Russian trader and agent
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18496853
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel%20Br%C3%BCckner
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Daniel Brückner
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Daniel Brückner (born 14 February 1981) is a German footballer who plays as a midfielder for Niendorfer TSV.
International career
Although born in Germany, Brückner's father is Algerian and the player has indicated that he has received Algerian citizenship and is interested in representing the country in international competition.
References
External links
1981 births
Living people
Footballers from Rostock
Men's association football midfielders
Algerian men's footballers
German men's footballers
German people of Algerian descent
SpVgg Greuther Fürth players
FC Rot-Weiß Erfurt players
SC Paderborn 07 players
SV Werder Bremen II players
2. Bundesliga players
3. Liga players
Bundesliga players
Hamburg-Eimsbütteler Ballspiel-Club players
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13797722
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo%20Destour
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Neo Destour
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The New Constitutional Liberal Party (, ; French: Nouveau Parti libéral constitutionnel), most commonly known as Neo Destour, was a Tunisian political party founded in 1934 in Dar Ayed, the house of independence activist Ahmed Ayed, by a group of Tunisian nationalist politicians during the French protectorate. It originated from a split with the Destour party.
Led by Habib Bourguiba, Neo Destour became the ruling party upon Tunisian independence in 1956. In 1964, it was renamed the Socialist Destourian Party.
History
The party was formed as a result of a split from the pre-existing Destour party in 1934, during the Ksar Hellal Congress of March 2. Several leaders were particularly prominent during the party's early years before World War II: Habib Bourguiba, Mahmoud El Materi, Tahar Sfar, Bahri Guiga, and Salah ben Youssef.
Prior to the split, a younger group of Destour members had alarmed the party elders by appealing directly to the populace through their more radical newspaper L'Action Tunisienne. The younger group, many from the provinces, seemed more in tune with a wider spectrum of the country-wide Tunisian people, while the party elders represented a more established constituency in the capital city of Tunis; yet both groups were proponents of change, either autonomy or independence. The rupture came at the Destour party congress of 1934.
World War II
At the outbreak of war in 1939, Neo-Destour leaders, though still untried, were deported to France. However, they were released by the Nazis in 1942 following the German occupation of Vichy France. Hitler then handed them over to the Mussolini's fascist government in Rome. There the leaders were treated with deference, the fascists hoping to gain support for the Axis. Bourguiba steadily refused to cooperate. But Hussein Triki worked with the Nazis under Neo-Destour. After allies' advance, victory in El Alamein, he escaped to Europe, there he worked for The Mahgreb, a North African Arabic organization working for the Nazis' war machine against the allies and has collaborated with Hitler's ally Mufti of Palestine.
The Neo-Destour Party was one of the Arab factions that the Nazi Germans hoped to win over to the Axis side . As majority of its leaders imprisoned by the French, Eitel Friedrich Moellhausen, Rahn's deputy, argued that the Arabs could be incited to action “against Jews and Anglo-Saxons” through the release of the prisoners in Marseille, without the Germans having to provide specific assurances concerning independence.
Post WWII
Eventually the Neo Destour led the Tunisian independence movement after the tumultuous period during World War II. Then Bourguiba was imprisoned and after the war in Egypt, while Ben Salih was the local, hands-on party leader. A significant break within the party ranks occurred in the final year of the independence struggle. In April, 1955, Salah ben Yusuf openly challenged Habib Bourguiba over his gradualist tactics during his autonomy negotiations with the French. Also Ben Yusuf, who cultivated support at al-Zaytuna Mosque and took a pan-Arab political line, disputed Bourguiba's more liberal, secular, pro-Western approach. The party's labor leader Ahmad Ben Salah kept the Tunisian General Labor Union in Bourguiba's camp. The Neo Destour party expelled Ben Yusuf that October; in November 1955 he mounted a large street demonstration but to no avail. Ben Yusuf then left for Nasser's Egypt where he was welcomed.
Independence of Tunisia from France was negotiated largely by the Neo Destour's Bourguiba. The effective date was March 20, 1956. The next year the Republic of Tunisia was constituted, which replaced the Beylical form of government. The Neo Destour became the ruling party under Prime Minister and later President Habib Bourguiba. In 1963, the Neo Destour was proclaimed the only legally permitted party in Tunisia, though for all intents and purposes the country had been a one-party state since independence.
Later the Neo Destour party was renamed the Socialist Destourian Party (PSD in its French acronym) in 1964, to signal the government's commitment to a socialist phase of political-economic development. This phase failed to fulfill expectations, however, and was discontinued in 1969 with the dismissal of Ahmad ben Salah as economics minister by President Bourguiba.
In 1988, under President Ben Ali, the party was again renamed, to become the Rassemblement Constitutionel Démocratique (RCD). The RCD continued as the Tunisian ruling party under President Ben Ali, who became increasingly corrupt and dictatorial. Early in 2011 he was forced out of office and his regime and the ruling party abolished, as a result of the liberal Tunisian Revolution. Similar subsequent events of popular regime change, which had spread to other Arab countries, became known as the Arab Spring.
Electoral history
Presidential elections
Chamber of Deputies elections
Notable people
Hédi Saidi
See also
Destour
Socialist Destourian Party (PSD)
Democratic Constitutional Rally (RCD)
Reference notes
1934 establishments in Tunisia
1964 disestablishments in Tunisia
Political parties established in 1934
Political parties disestablished in 1964
Destourian parties
Defunct political parties in Tunisia
Parties of one-party systems
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