protected function dsn_options($dsn)
    {
        $params = array();

        if ($dsn['hostspec']) {
            $host = $dsn['hostspec'];
            if ($dsn['port']) {
                $host .= ':' . $dsn['port'];
            }

            $params['database'] = $host . '/' . $dsn['database'];
        }

        $params['charset'] = 'UTF8';

        return $params;
    }