private function maxHostCalculation($format, $separator = '')
    {
        $network_quads         = $this->getNetworkPortionQuads();
        $number_ip_addresses   = $this->getNumberIPAddresses();

        $network_range_quads = [
            sprintf($format, ($network_quads[0] & ($this->subnet_mask >> 24)) + ((($number_ip_addresses - 1) >> 24) & 0xFF)),
            sprintf($format, ($network_quads[1] & ($this->subnet_mask >> 16)) + ((($number_ip_addresses - 1) >> 16) & 0xFF)),
            sprintf($format, ($network_quads[2] & ($this->subnet_mask >>  8)) + ((($number_ip_addresses - 1) >>  8) & 0xFF)),
            sprintf($format, ($network_quads[3] & ($this->subnet_mask >>  0)) + ((($number_ip_addresses - 1) >>  0) & 0xFE)),
        ];

        return implode($separator, $network_range_quads);
    }