public function checkRateLimit($user, $request, $response, $action)
    {
        [$limit, $window] = $user->getRateLimit($request, $action);
        [$allowance, $timestamp] = $user->loadAllowance($request, $action);

        $current = time();

        $allowance += (int) (($current - $timestamp) * $limit / $window);
        if ($allowance > $limit) {
            $allowance = $limit;
        }

        if ($allowance < 1) {
            $user->saveAllowance($request, $action, 0, $current);
            $this->addRateLimitHeaders($response, $limit, 0, $window);
            throw new TooManyRequestsHttpException($this->errorMessage);
        }

        $user->saveAllowance($request, $action, $allowance - 1, $current);
        $this->addRateLimitHeaders($response, $limit, $allowance - 1, (int) (($limit - $allowance + 1) * $window / $limit));
    }