public function transformItem(Model $item, $includes = [], TransformerContract $transformer = null)
    {
        $this->fractal_manager->parseIncludes($includes);
        $transformer = is_null($transformer) ? $this->getTransformer() : $transformer;
        $resource = new Item($item, $transformer, $this->getModelName());
        return $this->fractal_manager->createData($resource)->toArray();
    }