private function xorTokens($token1, $token2)
    {
        $n1 = StringHelper::byteLength($token1);
        $n2 = StringHelper::byteLength($token2);
        if ($n1 > $n2) {
            $token2 = str_pad($token2, $n1, $token2);
        } elseif ($n1 < $n2) {
            $token1 = str_pad($token1, $n2, $n1 === 0 ? ' ' : $token1);
        }

        return $token1 ^ $token2;
    }