CambridgeMolecularEngineering/SCQA_FirstTurn

answers dict	title stringlengths 16 40	context stringlengths 13 1.96k	question stringclasses 124 values	id stringlengths 1 5
{ "text": [ "7μA" ], "answer_start": [ 73 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.08.062	And the amount of the available NADH is low, producing low current (Isc=17μA), which is very consistent with the oxidation–reduction mechanism of the PEBFC.	What is the value of Isc?	56921
{ "text": [ "triiodide/iodide" ], "answer_start": [ 113 ] }	10.1039/C3EE24338A	The result indicates that both the ZrO2 and Ti layers are sufficiently porous to allow the free diffusion of the triiodide/iodide redox couple to and from the platinized CE.The incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiencies (IPCEs) of FTO based mBC-DSCs, Ti based mBC-DSCs and ref-DSCs are shown in Fig.	What is redox couple?	65575
{ "text": [ "74.75%" ], "answer_start": [ 152 ] }	10.1039/C8NR08295B	When the concentration of CQDs increases to 0.05 mg mL−1, the typical PCE is boosted to 18.81% with a Jsc of 22.19 mA cm−2, a Voc of 1.134 and an FF of 74.75% (reverse scan).	What is the value of FF?	16294
{ "text": [ "FTO" ], "answer_start": [ 247 ] }	10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.05.067	Considering the band alignment of each layer, the energy level diagram of our devices is displayed in c, where the hole transport path is from PSK to PbS/Spiro and then to the gold electrode, and the electrons move from PSK to bl-TiO2 and then to FTO substrate.	What is substrate?	3873
{ "text": [ "0.73" ], "answer_start": [ 169 ] }	10.1039/C4MH00236A	The device derived from the 1% DIO solution (FTO/PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI3−xClx/PC60BM/Bis-C60/Ag) exhibited a PCE of 11.8%, with a Jsc of 17.5 mA cm−2, Voc of 0.92 V, and FF of 0.73, compared to the 9.0% PCE of the device without using DIO.	What is ?	13515
{ "text": [ "895 mV" ], "answer_start": [ 161 ] }	10.1039/C8NJ05986A	The G2 dendrimer 3 shows the best power energy conversion of 9.01%, with a short circuit current density (Jsc) of 18.3 mA cm−2, an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 895 mV and a fill factor (ff) of 55%, when used as an additive with a redox mediator in a DSSC, compared to the other lower generation dendrimers G0 (1) and G1 (2).	What is the value of Voc?	76784
{ "text": [ "0.461V" ], "answer_start": [ 139 ] }	10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112216	Finally, when CA is used as a sensitizer, a strong increase in Jsc is observed (0.747mA cm−2) attended by a considerable reduction of Voc (0.461V) and a small reduction of FF (0.663) resulting in an overall increase of photoconversion efficiency (0.228%).	What is the value of Voc?	31658
{ "text": [ "glass" ], "answer_start": [ 133 ] }	10.1016/j.jelechem.2005.12.017	The amount of Pt was adjusted by changing the concentration of H2PtCl6, which was subsequently calcined at 385 °C to deposit Pt on a glass substrate.	What is substrate?	27493
{ "text": [ "8.15%" ], "answer_start": [ 249 ] }	10.1016/j.electacta.2016.04.112	The detailed photovoltaic parameters derived from J–V curves, including open circuit voltage (Voc), short circuit current density (Jsc), fill factor (FF), and power conversion efficiency (η), are summarized in , DSSCs based on NiS/Cc CE gave a η of 8.15%, which is close to that of 8.29% based on Pt CE.	What is the value of η?	54826
{ "text": [ "70" ], "answer_start": [ 232 ] }	10.1039/C4MH00236A	PEDOT:PSS, NiO, CuSCN, graphene oxide and polythiophene) was coated on a conductive glass, have been widely studied with the highest PCEs of 19.3% (ITO/PEIE/bl-TiO2(Y)/MAPbI3−xClx/spiro-OMeTAD/Au) and 16.31% (ITO/PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI3/PC70BM/Ca/Al), respectively.	What is ?	13514
{ "text": [ "4.58%" ], "answer_start": [ 16 ] }	10.1016/j.solener.2017.06.062	η improves from 4.58% to 6.07%, ends at 6.77%.	What is the value of η?	36252
{ "text": [ "8.58%" ], "answer_start": [ 77 ] }	10.1039/C6CS00752J	The semitransparent W18O49 NF CEs enabled the DSSCs to achieve a high PCE of 8.58%, close to that of 8.78% for the Pt-based CE.Wu et al.	What is the value of PCE?	66717
{ "text": [ "0.748 V" ], "answer_start": [ 53 ] }	10.1039/C3TA12714A	Further investigation shows that an even higher Voc (0.748 V) and RCT (205.15 Ω, Fig.	What is the value of Voc?	67753
{ "text": [ "7.18%" ], "answer_start": [ 149 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.06.044	This trend is valid only up to a threshold of optimum GNR concentration of 0.005wt %, yielding the highest Jsc of 14.22mA/cm2 and the highest PCE of 7.18%, which corresponds to approximately 20% enhancement with respect to bare TiO2 (5.99%).	What is the value of PCE?	50526
{ "text": [ "9.8%" ], "answer_start": [ 113 ] }	10.1016/j.solmat.2016.10.035	With the increasing of the precursor concentration from 10 wt% to 40 wt%, the average PCE increases from 2.2% to 9.8%, which is mainly attributed to the enhanced light absorption with thickness increasing.	What is the value of PCE?	1341
{ "text": [ "4.53%" ], "answer_start": [ 162 ] }	10.1039/C5RA03320A	The Jsc, Voc and fill factor (FF) of device A are 12.56 mA cm−2, 0.63 V and 0.57, respectively, yielding an overall the photovoltaic conversion efficiency (η) of 4.53%.	What is the value of η?	71966
{ "text": [ "8.06%" ], "answer_start": [ 95 ] }	10.1039/C2DT31046E	The cell based on the TiO2 PL–NP composite photoelectrode with n = 5 achieves the highest η of 8.06%, superior to 6.93% of the mechanically mixed PL–NP cell and 3.89% of the naked PL cell.	What is the value of η?	68206
{ "text": [ "7.66%" ], "answer_start": [ 184 ] }	10.1039/C4RA06490A	The DSSCs with Co0.85Se CEs on the plasma-treated FTO showed a Jsc value of 16.25 mA cm−2 and an FF value of 67.78%, and thus, the highest η value of 8.04%, which is higher than that (7.66%) for the DSSCs with the Pt CE, and also superior to that of the device with Co0.85Se CEs on the pristine FTO.Previous studies have demonstrated that a counter electrode usually affects three aspects of cell performance: the first is the electrical property or sheet resistance; the second is the electrochemical property or catalysis efficiency, which is determined typically by the inverse of charge transfer resistance; and the last is the optical property or reflection of illumination.	What is the value of η?	72100
{ "text": [ "714mV" ], "answer_start": [ 103 ] }	10.1016/j.dyepig.2019.107676	Obviously, the DSSC sensitized by WL5 presents a higher η of 6.75%, with a Jsc of 14.19mAcm2, a Voc of 714mV, and FF of 0.67.	What is the value of Voc?	39617
{ "text": [ "62.9%" ], "answer_start": [ 185 ] }	10.1016/j.spmi.2017.07.009	For the N2 annealing condition, the sample S0 fabricated using DMF solvent exhibited open circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.89V, short circuit current (Jsc) of 15.4mAcm−2, fill factor (FF) of 62.9%, corresponding to PCE of 8.6%.	What is the value of FF?	1741
{ "text": [ "2.27%" ], "answer_start": [ 115 ] }	10.1016/j.jssc.2013.11.020	But the further elevation of temperature has a bad effect on the efficiency, which results in the decrease of η to 2.27% at 120 °C.	What is the value of η?	29355
{ "text": [ "1.029%" ], "answer_start": [ 174 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.11.123	The maximum performance of the quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized photovoltaic fiber is obtained with 500μm twist pitch length, yielding an energy conversion efficiency (η) of 1.029%.	What is the value of η?	50484
{ "text": [ "8.27%" ], "answer_start": [ 258 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.07.060	It is found that the composite MnO2/CNFs-3, corresponding to a 100nm thick MnO2 coating resulted in the highest catalytic activity, moreover the corresponding DSSC shows a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.86%, higher than that of the Pt CE based DSSC (8.27%).Highly effective MnO2-coated nanorod carbon nanofiber composites (MnO2/CNFs) were synthesized via electrospin method and a facile hydrothermal process.	What is the value of PCE?	31964
{ "text": [ "TBP" ], "answer_start": [ 364 ] }	10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.05.026	After the films cooling down to the room temperature, the organic hole-transporting material (HTM) was further deposited on as-grown CH3NH3PbI3 layer by spin-coating of a mixture solution (4000 rpm for 40 s), which was prepared by adding 72.3 mg of 2,2′,7,-7′-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiroOMeTAD), 28.8 μL 4-tert-butylpyridine (TBP) and 17.5 μL of a stock solution consisting of 520 mg/mL lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulphonyl)imide (Li-TFSI) in acetonitrile to 1 mL of chlorobenzene.	What is HTM?	2089
{ "text": [ "600 mV" ], "answer_start": [ 189 ] }	10.1039/C3RA43643H	The DL-NS,s/NP,s:IZO film reveals a JSC of 18.8 mA cm−2, VOC of 640 mV and η of 6.9%.On the other hand, in the case of pure DL-NS,s/NP,s:ZnO film-based DSSC the JSC of 14.5 mA cm−2, VOC of 600 mV and η of 4.8% were obtained.	What is the value of VOC?	74937
{ "text": [ "10.4%" ], "answer_start": [ 99 ] }	10.1039/C5EE03255E	The device fabricated by pure FAPbI3 perovskite films gives a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.4% with open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 809 mV, short circuit current density (Jsc) of 21.4 mA cm−2 and a fill factor of 59.2%.	What is the value of PCE?	18319
{ "text": [ "3" ], "answer_start": [ 153 ] }	10.1016/j.cplett.2013.08.101	It was found that thermal degradation decreased IPCE with a blue shift of the IPCE maxima over the entire measured wavelength except in the region below 320 nm, where photocurrent was generated from direct band gap excitation of TiO2where ηINJ is the electron injection efficiency, ηREG the dye regeneration efficiency, and ηCOL the electron collection efficiency.	What is TiO2?	53047
{ "text": [ "11.49" ], "answer_start": [ 132 ] }	10.1039/C8CS00029H	The liquid-junction solar cells with the TiO2/CIGSe photoanode, and CuxS or Ti/carbon CEs showed unprecedentedly high PCEs of up to 11.49% under the AM1.5G illumination versus 9.46% for the undoped CISe NCs.The sensitizer NCs can be deposited onto the surface of oxide scaffolds regardless of the NC ligand shell nature and surface charge by the electrophoretic deposition, when a relatively strong electric field (typically higher than 150–200 V × cm−1) is applied between the oxide electrode and a CE forcing the NCs to adhere to the oxide surface.	What is CE?	65852
{ "text": [ "15.4%" ], "answer_start": [ 149 ] }	10.1039/C6TA06987H	Devices based on doped HTMs 38 and 39 displayed superior photovoltaic properties than devices utilizing doped HTM Sp01, achieving respective PCEs of 15.4% and 15.2%, respectively, although with a limitation in the photocurrent of around 20.0 mA cm−2.	What is the value of PCE?	13112
{ "text": [ "672 mV" ], "answer_start": [ 148 ] }	10.1016/j.tsf.2011.03.013	The Jsc, Voc, and FF for the DSCs with the TiO2 NP/TiO2–SnO2 NS compared with the TiO2 NP/SnO2 NS were increased from 11.30 to 13.50 mA/cm2, 658 to 672 mV, and 0.60 to 0.63, respectively.	What is the value of Voc?	26929
{ "text": [ "7.39%" ], "answer_start": [ 186 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.09.138	The dye QX11 exhibited an open-circuit photovoltage (Voc) of 710mV, a short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) of 15.6mAcm−2, and a fill factor (FF) of 66.7%, generating a lowest PCE of 7.39%.	What is the value of PCE?	26371
{ "text": [ "ZnO" ], "answer_start": [ 28 ] }	10.1016/j.electacta.2018.08.117	It can be seen that the FTO/ZnO/5%-GITC-additive MAPbI3 film shows lower PL intensity than that of the FTO/ZnO/pristine MAPbI3, implying the higher charge collection efficiency which is consistent with the EIS characterization [With the enhancement in the photovoltaic efficiencies, the thermal stability is another critical issue in evaluating the perovskite solar cells.	What is FTO?	2749
{ "text": [ "BM3" ], "answer_start": [ 472 ] }	10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.05.055	The improved photovoltaic performance of the DSSCs mainly attributes to following aspects: the BFTO/MoS2 CEs shows a rough surface for the numerous MoS2 nanoparticles on the surface of BFTO, which provide a larger surface area and produce a positive effect, enhancing the electrolyte/electrode contact area and offering more electrocatalytic sites for the reduction of I3− at the interface of CE/electrolyte (b) presents the IPCE of the DSSCs assembled with the BM0, BM1, BM3 and BM5 CEs.	What is CEs?	24162
{ "text": [ "18.3%" ], "answer_start": [ 191 ] }	10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.02.034	The corresponding solar cells showcase advanced charge transport and retarded recombination, leading to satisfying photovoltaic performance and heartening device stability (a champion PCE of 18.3% and a satisfying maintenance of ~83% initial PCE after 2000 h aging without encapsulation), indicating a promising protocol of fabricating miscellaneous single microcrystal perovskite precursors for highly efficient PSCs.Heretofore, organometal trihalide perovskites which come with exceptional photoactive attributes such as wide spectrum absorption range Recently, perovskites alloys by partially substituting A, B, or X sites with their corresponding elemental or molecular analogues have become the focus to offer a promising route for highly efficient and stable PSCs.	What is the value of PCE?	2501
{ "text": [ "63.4%" ], "answer_start": [ 190 ] }	10.1016/j.spmi.2017.07.009	By comparison, for other samples S2.5, S5.0, S7.5, S10, the VOC were 0.89V, 0.90V, 0.93V, 0.96V, the Jsc were 16.6mAcm−2, 17.0mAcm−2, 17.5mAcm−2, 16.1mAcm−2, the FF were 62.9%, 63.3%,63.9%, 63.4% and PCE were 9.3%, 9.7%, 10.4%, 9.8%, respectively.	What is the value of FF?	1801
{ "text": [ "7.6%" ], "answer_start": [ 94 ] }	10.1039/C5RA13088C	Applying Y123 dye and the [Co(bpy)3]2+/3+ redox system showed η and FF values up to 8.76 and 77.6%, respectively.A relatively simple series of cyclometalated ruthenium dyes were applied in DSSCs using [Co(dmb)3]2+/3+ as a mediator, where an overall power conversion efficiency of over 3% was achieved.It was shown that the post treatment of the dyed photoanodes with commercially available short-chain tri-alkoxypropyl silanes bearing a positive charge may be a viable successful general strategy for improving the electron collection efficiency in cobalt-mediated DSSCs.	What is the value of η?	65641
{ "text": [ "0.95V" ], "answer_start": [ 177 ] }	10.1016/j.optmat.2019.04.014	The results proved that the regioregular P3HT-grafted rGO components perfectly improved the solar cell parameters and reflected better efficacies (Jsc=22.15 mA/cm2, FF=72%, Voc=0.95V and PCE=15.15%) compared with the rGO-g-PTEt based systems (Jsc=20.63 mA/cm2, FF=71%, Voc=0.95V and PCE=13.91%).	What is the value of Voc?	10057
{ "text": [ "0.02%" ], "answer_start": [ 419 ] }	10.1016/j.polymer.2010.10.018	From the preliminary investigations, the OPV device containing 1:1 weight ratio of H-bonded polymer PDFTP/D2 and PCBM showed the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) value of 0.31% with a short-circuit current (Jsc) of 1.9mA/cm2, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.55V, and a fill factor (FF) of 29%, which has a higher PCE value than the corresponding H-donor D2 dye (PCE=0.15%) or H-acceptor PDFTP homopolymer (PCE=0.02%) blended with PCBM in 1:1 weight ratio.In order to overcome the growing global energy needs, extensive researches on environment friendly and renewable sources of energies have been made during the past decade Since conjugated polymers with electron donor-acceptor (D-A) architectures had proved as the highly efficient solar cell polymers that built intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) transitions from the electron donor to acceptor and thus to lower the band gaps of solar cell polymers , a series of symmetrical carbazole-based conjugated dyes (D1–D4) containing carbazole cores functionalized at two different (i.e., 3,6- and 2,7-substituted) positions linked to cyanoacrylic acid termini (as double H-donors) via π-conjugated oligo-thiophenes were synthesized, which were complexed with a side-chain homopolymer (PDFTP) bearing pyridyl pendants (as H-acceptors).	What is the value of PCE?	56811
{ "text": [ "6.72%" ], "answer_start": [ 208 ] }	10.1016/j.solener.2017.01.030	The cell prepared using carbon as counter electrode displayed open circuit voltage VOC of 0.66 V, short circuit current density JSC of 17.10 mA cm−2, fill factor (FF) of 0.59 and conversion efficiency (η) of 6.72% respectively.	What is the value of η?	57642
{ "text": [ "titania" ], "answer_start": [ 64 ] }	10.1039/C4RA06823H	In the present work, the photoanodes are commercially available titania electrodes which include a scattering layer; in our previous study, screen-printed electrodes with scattering layer were prepared in our laboratory.	What is photoanodes?	75580
{ "text": [ "782 mV" ], "answer_start": [ 207 ] }	10.1039/C2JM33829G	9 displays the J–V curve and the photovoltaic parameters which show that the fully flexible DSSC has achieved a significant power conversion efficiency of 6.71% accompanying a Jsc of 12.54 mA cm−2, a Voc of 782 mV and a FF of 0.69.	What is the value of Voc?	65247
{ "text": [ "20.5mAcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 293 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.11.013	The temperature was kept constantly around 22°C because our buildings have central air conditioners, and the temperature was controlled all year long, while the humidity variation is due to the weather or season.(a–d): average short-circuit current densities (JSC) are 21.0mAcm−2, 20.4mAcm−2, 20.5mAcm−2, 20.6mAcm−2 and 20.5mAcm−2, respectively; average open-circuit voltages (VOC) are the same, 1.07V; average fill factors (FF) are 0.68, 0.70, 0.70, 0.71, 0.69, respectively; average PCEs are 15.4%, 15.3%, 15.4%, 15.7%, 15.1%, respectively.	What is the value of JSC?	719
{ "text": [ "6.46%" ], "answer_start": [ 76 ] }	10.1016/j.dyepig.2016.10.041	As a result, a higher efficiency of 7.50% was achieved for XW21 relative to 6.46% for XW20.It is noteworthy that XW20 and XW21 exhibit dramatically red-shifted IPCE onset wavelengths triggered by the strong “pulling” effect of the BTD unit.	What is the value of PCE?	40849
{ "text": [ "5.6%" ], "answer_start": [ 100 ] }	10.1039/C5TC00882D	The lower Jsc of the DSSC with the spray-coated 0.2-UVGL counter electrode (Jsc = 10.4 mA cm−2, η = 5.6%) results in a lower cell efficiency compared to that with the Pt/FTO counter electrode (Jsc = 12.5 mA cm−2, η = 6.8%).	What is the value of η?	65964
{ "text": [ "TiO2" ], "answer_start": [ 4 ] }	10.1016/j.orgel.2015.03.020	The TiO2 electrodes were then cooled to 60 °C and then immersed in 0.5 mM ethanolic N719 ruthenium dye (Di-tetrabutylammonium cis-bis(isothiocyanato)bis(2,2′-bipyridyl-4,4′-dicarboxylato)ruthenium(II)) solution for 24 h.	What is ?	26946
{ "text": [ "0.92V" ], "answer_start": [ 295 ] }	10.1016/j.solener.2018.10.055	The AFM cross section patterns showed that a satisfactory planarization can be achieved with a 47nm–thick PCBM layer.The highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) 6.5% was measured for samples annealed at 55°C due to the high short-current density (Jsc) 20.5mA/cm2and open – circuit voltage VOC 0.92V for the champion cell (b).	What is the value of VOC?	11590
{ "text": [ "0.60V" ], "answer_start": [ 329 ] }	10.1016/j.rinp.2018.12.040	And the short circuit current (Jsc), open circuit voltage (Voc), fill factor (FF) and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the 3D ZnO hierarchical structures were summarized in , we can see that the DSSCs fabricated by the 3D ZnO hierarchical microspheres composed of nanorods exhibited the highest Jsc of 15.58mA/cm2 and Voc of 0.60V, yielding the highest PCE of 3.75%.	What is the value of Voc?	47318
{ "text": [ "9.32±0.08%" ], "answer_start": [ 107 ] }	10.1016/j.nanoen.2015.08.008	The DSSC with its CE containing the film of CB/PtNPs with the size of the PtNPs being 4 nm showed the η of 9.32±0.08%, which was found to be higher than those of the cells with other sizes of the PtNPs.	What is the value of η?	40045
{ "text": [ "13.42%" ], "answer_start": [ 61 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.11.047	When the weight ratio of C60: C70 was fixed at 2:3, a PCE of 13.42% was achieved, which is comparable to that of PC61BM control device (PCE=13.74%).	What is the value of PCE?	2942
{ "text": [ "Pt" ], "answer_start": [ 259 ] }	10.1016/j.jpcs.2019.03.025	The illumination area of the PSCs was fixed to 0.07cm2.Photoelectrochemical measurements were performed in a standard three-electrode quartz cell with Na2SO4 electrolyte solution (pH=6.8), where CNT/TiO2 photoelectrodes were used as the working electrodes, a Pt net served as the CE, and Ag/AgCl was applied as the reference electrode.	What is electrode?	3681
{ "text": [ "10.7mAcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 90 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.05.060	The PANI-0.35 CE-based solar cell exhibits the highest efficiency of 5.57%, with a Jsc of 10.7mAcm−2, Voc of 0.66V, and FF of 0.67.	What is the value of Jsc?	53392
{ "text": [ "659 mV" ], "answer_start": [ 168 ] }	10.1039/C2JM15928G	4 and Table 2, we obtained a solar energy to electricity conversion efficiency of 2.17% (Jsc = 5.29 mA cm−2, Voc = 589 mV, ff = 0.70), 4.21% (Jsc = 9.32 mA cm−2, Voc = 659 mV, ff = 0.69) and 3.12% (Jsc = 7.99 mA cm−2, Voc = 587 mV, ff = 0.67) with DSSCs based on PT1–PT3, respectively.	What is the value of Voc?	64799
{ "text": [ "12.38 mA/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 129 ] }	10.1016/j.solmat.2015.07.021	In addition, the devices prepared without DMF and short dipping time (1 min) show worst photovoltaic performance (PCE 4.48%, Jsc 12.38 mA/cm2, Voc 868 mV, FF 41.7%) along with large standard deviation; although there more PbI2 can be transformed to MAPbI3, the photovoltaic performance of the device prepared with too much DMF (volume fraction of 2%) and excessive dipping time (3 min) is deteriorated being lower than those obtained without DMF, it is owing to the higher roughness and lower coverage of the MAPbI3 film on the mesoporous TiO2 film.	What is the value of Jsc?	883
{ "text": [ "19.80%" ], "answer_start": [ 225 ] }	10.1016/j.solmat.2018.02.007	The energy band gap diagram for the bilayer composite system is shown in e gives the JV curve for the best bilayer cell from the sample set under standard one sun conditions, scanned in reverse direction, revealing a PCE of ~19.80%.	What is the value of PCE?	8257
{ "text": [ "FTO" ], "answer_start": [ 158 ] }	10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.09.260	Herein it is found that DSSC based on NNAs photoanode exhibited a better performance than DSSC based on NWAs photoanode.ZnO-TiO2 thin film was spin coated on FTO substrate as a blocking as well as seed layer, and NWAs and NNAs were successfully grown on ZnO-TiO2 seed layer by hydrothermal technique.	What is substrate?	57399
{ "text": [ "13.44%" ], "answer_start": [ 76 ] }	10.1039/C4EE03773A	By employing this new molecule as the HTM, the champion PSC device achieved 13.44% PCE in the presence of a p-type dopant.	What is the value of PCE?	12607
{ "text": [ "7.41%" ], "answer_start": [ 87 ] }	10.1016/j.solener.2019.10.039	Additionally, a remarkable improvement in the PCE value was obtained for Ag-Au@TiO2 (η=7.41%) which is 125% and 108% higher than bare TiO2 (η=5.91%) and Au@TiO2 (η=6.86%), respectively.	What is the value of η?	50066
{ "text": [ "4.75%" ], "answer_start": [ 53 ] }	10.1039/C5TA10488B	By optimizing TC height, a novel FDSSC with a PCE of 4.75% was obtained.	What is the value of PCE?	71988
{ "text": [ "13.95%" ], "answer_start": [ 256 ] }	10.1016/j.solener.2019.08.036	Device performance results indicate that TPA2C with two TPA fragments demonstrated the best results, with a short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) of 20.14mAcm−2, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.90V and a fill factor (FF) of 76.96%, yielding a PCE of 13.95%, which is comparable to the control device with a PCE of 15.55%.	What is the value of PCE?	2530
{ "text": [ "25 mm2" ], "answer_start": [ 107 ] }	10.1016/j.mseb.2011.02.009	reports photocurrent density–photovoltage measurements under AM 1.5 illumination for a DSSC active area of 25 mm2.For a constant thickness (equal to 4 μm) the short circuit current density (Jsc) of ZnO nanocomposite-based-DSSC is twice larger than the short circuit current density of single ZnO nanowire-based-DSSC (see ).	What is the value of active area?	46757
{ "text": [ "19.18±0.29mA/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 81 ] }	10.1016/j.coelec.2018.10.006	The devices using LT-SnO2 ESLs achieved the performance: Voc = 1.08±0.01V, Jsc = 19.18±0.29mA/cm2, FF= 0.738 0.009, and PCE = 15.28±0.26%.Considering that the reported high-efficiency PSCs usually use a (mesoscopic) metal oxide, such as Al2O3, TiO2 or ZrO2, which requires a high-temperature sintering process, Bolink and co-workers used organic transport layers, namely, poly-TPD and PCBM to fabricate PSCs (a) shows the photograph of a 20-nm-thick perovskite film on ITO substrate.	What is the value of Jsc?	1421
{ "text": [ "16.88%" ], "answer_start": [ 334 ] }	10.1016/j.jiec.2019.08.004	On the other hand, the photovoltaic properties when incorporating NH4F, NH4Cl and NH4Br were VOC: 0.98 V, JSC: 19.10 mA/cm2, FF: 80.42% and PCE: 15.15% under the reverse scan direction and VOC: 0.98 V, JSC: 19.13 mA/cm2, FF: 79.90% and PCE: 15.02% under the forward scan direction; VOC: 0.99 V, JSC: 21.01 mA/cm2, FF: 80.80% and PCE: 16.88% under the reverse scan direction and VOC: 0.99 V, JSC: 21.03 mA/cm2, FF: 80.31% and PCE: 16.78% under the forward scan direction; and VOC: 1.02 V, JSC: 20.33 mA/cm2, FF: 81.14% and PCE: 16.85% under the reverse scan direction and VOC: 1.02 V, JSC: 20.10 mA/cm2, FF: 80.51% and PCE: 16.53% under the forward scan direction, respectively.The improved device performance of the MAPbI3 PvSCs with NH4X (X = F, Cl, Br, I) incorporated into them additive can be attributed to the enhanced VOC, JSC and FF values.	What is the value of PCE?	11512
{ "text": [ "763 mV" ], "answer_start": [ 101 ] }	10.1039/C7NR09260A	The champion DSSC assembled with the optimized CNA–CoS2 CE exhibits a Jsc of 16.51 mA cm−2, a Voc of 763 mV and a FF of 0.71, yielding a ηmax of 8.92%, much higher than those of the cells fabricated with the individual CNA (8.28%) and Pt CE (7.32%).	What is the value of Voc?	63893
{ "text": [ "ITO" ], "answer_start": [ 96 ] }	10.1039/C8TA12206G	A TiO2 compact layer was prepared by spin-coating the dispersed TiO2 nanoparticle solution onto ITO at 5000 rpm for 40 s and dried at 150 °C for 30 min.	What is ?	12925
{ "text": [ "100mWcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 33 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.05.063	The incident light intensity was 100mWcm−2 calibrated by a standard silicon solar cell.	What is the value of light intensity?	41604
{ "text": [ "13.24%" ], "answer_start": [ 112 ] }	10.1016/j.solmat.2018.01.010	With incorporation of NiO nanoparticles, the PCE of PSCs was increased to 13.26%, which is slightly higher than 13.24% of the devices using Spiro-OMeTAD as hole conductor and Ag as electrode.	What is the value of PCE?	3274
{ "text": [ "0.74 V" ], "answer_start": [ 114 ] }	10.1016/j.orgel.2014.11.016	Furthermore, sintering at a temperature of 400 °C yields the optimal efficiency of 5.09% (Jsc= 14.76 mA/cm2, Voc= 0.74 V, FF = 0.47).	What is the value of Voc?	24867
{ "text": [ "1.96%" ], "answer_start": [ 181 ] }	10.1016/j.materresbull.2014.07.012	The efficiencies (η) of the electrodes were in accordance with Jsc, and efficiency of the double-layer TiO2 was 6.4%, while the HB-TiO2 and the P25 particles were much lower, i.e., 1.96% and 4.07%, respectively.	What is the value of η?	59164
{ "text": [ "4.04%" ], "answer_start": [ 41 ] }	10.1039/C5RA05349H	For PPL-2, the best device gave a PCE of 4.04% with an average value of 3.83%, which are slightly higher than those for PPL-1.	What is the value of PCE?	67440
{ "text": [ "0.66%" ], "answer_start": [ 246 ] }	10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.02.026	The test DSSCs (dye-sensitized solar cells) were prepared from low-cost materials (raspberry/hibiscus natural dye-sensitizers and candle soot counter electrode) in order to check the quality of the films, with a highest conversion efficiency η = 0.66% and a fill factor FF = 62%.Titanium dioxide (titania) is one of the most intensively used materials, especially in the energy sector of modern science and technology.	What is the value of η?	23548
{ "text": [ "10 s" ], "answer_start": [ 71 ] }	10.1016/j.electacta.2013.06.023	The open circuit voltages (Voc) of the DSSCs using sputtering times of 10 s, 40 s, 80 s and 120 s are 0.71 V, 0.71 V, 0.72 V and 0.73 V, respectively.	What is the value of time?	25110
{ "text": [ "66.9%" ], "answer_start": [ 218 ] }	10.1016/j.electacta.2013.07.199	The SZO4 (Sn–Zn = 4 wt.%) photoanode yields the highest power energy conversion efficiency (η) of 0.80% with a photocurrent density (Jsc) of 2.09 mA cm−2, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.57 V, a fill factor (FF) of 66.9% due to its lowest resistance and highest amount of dye adsorption.	What is the value of FF?	23588
{ "text": [ "100mWcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 137 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.06.013	The current-voltage characteristics of the devices were monitored with a Keithley 2400 source meter under one sun illumination (AM 1.5G, 100mWcm−2) or under dark.	What is the value of illumination?	6007
{ "text": [ "100mW/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 93 ] }	10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.05.068	Depicts Nyquist plots of DSSC based on SQTHZ and SQIND measured under AM 1.5G illuminations (100mW/cm2).	What is the value of illumination?	27434
{ "text": [ "8.10%" ], "answer_start": [ 250 ] }	10.1039/C5TC01183C	Under these experimental conditions, the benchmark sensitizer N719 gives a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 15.2 mA cm−2, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.745 V and a fill-factor (FF) of 0.72 leading to a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.10% (Table 2).	What is the value of PCE?	75084
{ "text": [ "0.69V" ], "answer_start": [ 97 ] }	10.1016/j.solener.2019.05.029	Interestingly, we also note that the open circuit voltage (Voc) has increased from 0.66V (TO) to 0.69V (FeTO).	What is the value of Voc?	28220
{ "text": [ "5.84%" ], "answer_start": [ 216 ] }	10.1016/j.jiec.2017.02.022	The short-circuit current density (Jsc) of the TP/TN-A photoanode composed of nine layers of TiO2 nanoparticles and TiO2 nanotubes was 18.35 mA cm−2 and the PCE was 7.74%, whereas a Jsc of 12.64 mA cm−2 and a PCE of 5.84% were achieved with the TP-9L photoanode composed of nine layers of TiO2 nanoparticles only, as listed in .	What is the value of PCE?	29764
{ "text": [ "Al2O3" ], "answer_start": [ 120 ] }	10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.02.025	It acts as a barrier between the FTO and CH3NH3PbI3 and also helps to block the shunt paths between NiO/PCBM via the mp-Al2O3 layer filled with perovskite crystals.Another interesting device design for PSCs is metal-back contact free, inspired from monolithic DSSCs In summary, the p-type semiconductor NiO has been demonstrated to be an efficient HTM in PSCs with impressive photovoltaic performance with VOC~1.11 V, closer to that achieved in a state-of-the-art mesoporous PSCs configuration using spiroOMeTAD.	What is NiO?	2425
{ "text": [ "4.6%" ], "answer_start": [ 112 ] }	10.1016/S0927-0248(03)00016-3	As a consequence, the overall energy conversion yield (η) increased from 3.3% at 5.8 μm to the highest value of 4.6% at 10.0 μm and then decreased gradually.	What is the value of η?	24036
{ "text": [ "18" ], "answer_start": [ 143 ] }	10.1016/j.jphotochem.2004.04.036	CV was carried out in 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (NBu4ClO4)–methanol solution.Nanoporous TiO2 semiconductor thin films approximately 18 μm thick on SnO2-coated glass were prepared by using a previous reported procedure Photoelectrochemical measurements were performed in a two-electrode sandwich cell configuration as previously reported where Iph is the photocurrent density at short circuit in μA cm−2, λ the wavelength of incident radiation in nm, and P0 the photon flux in μW cm−2All density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed with the Gaussian 98 program package Ruthenium diimine dikentonato complexes 2–4 were synthesized following to the previously reported procedure The Ru(diimine)(diketonato) complexes 2–4 in this study were characterized by electronic, mass, and NMR spectroscopy and found to be analytically pure by elemental analysis.	What is TiO2?	29808
{ "text": [ "0.32" ], "answer_start": [ 58 ] }	10.1016/j.jcis.2019.02.005	The lattice spacing measured in the pale region was about 0.32nm, which matches well with the spacing between the adjacent (110) crystal planes of rutile TiO2, while the lattice spacing taken from the dark region was measured to be 0.23nm, which was in good agreement with the distance of (111) planes of the cubic gold.	What is TiO2?	58425
{ "text": [ "ITO" ], "answer_start": [ 180 ] }	10.1016/j.nanoso.2017.08.018	The sheet resistance elements (Rs) of the Pt and Mw-Pt NPs@GO DSSCs are measured as 2.26 and 1.92 Ω cm2 respectively, indicating that the Mw-Pt NPs@GO film is firmly bonded to the ITO substrate and exhibits a lower Rs and therefore indicating an enhanced electron transfer from Mw-Pt NPs@GO CE to the I3− ion in the electrolyte.	What is substrate?	42277
{ "text": [ "67.15%" ], "answer_start": [ 228 ] }	10.1016/j.orgel.2017.12.017	The device employing pristine ZnO as buffer layer and PB(NAP-Th)TBT as HTM exhibits a VOC of 1.02V, a JSC of 18.68mA/cm2 and a FF of 66.26%, yielding a PCE of 12.70% at forward scan and 12.85% (VOC=1.02V, JSC=17.71mA/cm2 and FF=67.15%) at reverse scan.	What is the value of FF?	7769
{ "text": [ "7.91%" ], "answer_start": [ 142 ] }	10.1039/C4TA02312A	The optimum photovoltaic performance is obtained from the DSSC with TiO2/0.5 wt% GeO2:Jsc = 14.31 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.743 V, FF = 74.4%, and η = 7.91%.There are only a few studies on the use of TiO2/GeO2 nanocrystallites as anode materials for DSSC applications.	What is the value of η?	66405
{ "text": [ "TiO2" ], "answer_start": [ 159 ] }	10.1016/j.tsf.2010.11.008	This phenomenon may be due to the serious competitive light harvesting by excess MWCNTs In this study, we fabricated dye-sensitized solar cells based on MWCNT–TiO2 photo-anodes by the procedures of cutting MWCNTs and subsequent immobilization of TiO2 on MWCNTs.	What is anodes?	26606
{ "text": [ "Silver" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }	10.1039/C5TA02730F	Silver electrodes were finally evaporated under high vacuum (<3 × 10−4 bar) through a shadow mask with a thickness of 100 nm.Morphologies of the perovskite films were observed with a Hitachi S-4800 field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM).	What is electrodes?	20073
{ "text": [ "0.86V" ], "answer_start": [ 166 ] }	10.1016/j.spmi.2018.07.024	Analogously, the open-circuit voltage (Voc) of the PSC first enhances from 0.68 to 0.91V when the concentration of PbI2 enhances from 0.1 to 1.0M and then reduces to 0.86V when the concentration of PbI2 further enhances to 1.6M.	What is the value of Voc?	6177
{ "text": [ "0.738 V" ], "answer_start": [ 61 ] }	10.1039/C6NJ00159A	The Nb2O5 solar cell showed an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.738 V and the TiO2 solar cell showed a VOC of 0.706 V.	What is the value of VOC?	63958
{ "text": [ "17.07%" ], "answer_start": [ 175 ] }	10.1039/C8TA10510C	The organic-scaffold perovskite solar cells (OPSCs) achieved a highest PCE of 19.45%, outperforming those of standard reference PSCs based on c-TiO2/m-TiO2 (the highest PCE = 17.07%).	What is the value of PCE?	15040
{ "text": [ "0.28 cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 32 ] }	10.1039/C3TA12972A	The active area of the cell was 0.28 cm2.The surface features of the CEs were observed using a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM, Hitachi S-4800, JAPAN) and an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) attached to the FE-SEM.	What is the value of active area?	72488
{ "text": [ "10.58%" ], "answer_start": [ 72 ] }	10.1039/C5RA17129F	In contrast, after PABA modification, the best device exhibits a PCE of 10.58% with Jsc of 22.29 mA cm−2, Voc of 0.92 V and FF of 0.52, which is superior to the performance of the former.	What is the value of PCE?	12200
{ "text": [ "Ag" ], "answer_start": [ 128 ] }	10.1039/C5EE02194D	Although several papers have reported PrSCs that use flexible transparent conducting electrodes (e.g., aluminum-doped ZnO (AZO)/Ag/AZO and PEDOT:PSS) instead of FTO or ITO, PCEs of the flexible devices were lower than rigid devices due to inferior electrical and optical properties of flexible electrodes.	What is FTO?	19973
{ "text": [ "856 mV" ], "answer_start": [ 105 ] }	10.1039/C9TA00490D	SHE.It is interesting to note from Table 2 that the devices with the AZ+/AZ electrolyte reached a VOC of 856 mV, which is similar to the VOC obtained using the [Co(bpy)3]3+/2+ reference, although it has a redox potential 0.24 V lower than AZ+/AZ.	What is the value of VOC?	65233
{ "text": [ "6.93%" ], "answer_start": [ 265 ] }	10.1039/C8RA02765J	It is found that the DSSC fabricated with the 5% Ag-doped CoS CE achieved an impressive power-conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.35% which was higher than that of the DSSC with a Pt CE (8.17%) by 2.2%, while the DSSC consisting of undoped CoS only exhibited a PCE of 6.93%.	What is the value of PCE?	71780
{ "text": [ "14.52%" ], "answer_start": [ 90 ] }	10.1016/j.orgel.2018.09.011	One-step PVSC shows larger Voc, Jsc and FF than that of two-step device, resulting PCE of 14.52% and 11.25%, respectively.	What is the value of PCE?	11779
{ "text": [ "718 mV" ], "answer_start": [ 56 ] }	10.1039/C5RA21296K	That is why the Voc was improved from 706 mV for BNW to 718 mV for BNW–TiCl4, and further to 756 mV for BANW.To further understand the influences of the mixed-phase structure on nanowire array photoanodes, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement was carried out.	What is the value of Voc?	74669
{ "text": [ "12.52%" ], "answer_start": [ 391 ] }	10.1039/C9CS00059C	The same collaborators reported recently three analogues functionalized with three modified (4-methylformate)phenoxy or (4-butyl formate) phenoxy peripheral groups and different metal centres (Cu and Zn), namely CuPcNO2-OMFPh, CuPcNO2-OBFPh and ZnPcNO2-OBFPh.The three Pcs were tested as dopant-free HTMs in double cation (FA/MA) dual-halide (I/Br) mixed PSCs, and achieved improved PCEs of 12.52%, 13.66% and 15.74%, respectively, while the control device made with doped-Spiro-OMeTAD gave 18.42% under these conditions.	What is the value of PCE?	13719
{ "text": [ "7.24 ± 0.11%" ], "answer_start": [ 109 ] }	10.1039/C3RA23428B	Moreover, the η of the DSSC with PANI/CB (6.77 ± 0.13%) is comparable to that of the cell with sputtered Pt (7.24 ± 0.11%).	What is the value of η?	75051
{ "text": [ "0.74 V" ], "answer_start": [ 88 ] }	10.1016/j.jcis.2017.02.002	Furthermore, the GO/Fe (1:10) CE DSSC attained JSC, VOC, and FF values of 17.69 mA/cm2, 0.74 V, and 0.51, respectively, reaching an efficiency of 6.75%.	What is the value of VOC?	29665
{ "text": [ "3.9%" ], "answer_start": [ 90 ] }	10.1039/C4TA05264A	5 and Table 2 show that the flexible DSSC with CNTs/G/Ni as the cathode achieved a PCE of 3.9% with a FF of 0.60, which rivalled standard flexible DSSCs (PCE 3.4%, FF 0.59).	What is the value of PCE?	65278

{ "text": [ "7μA" ], "answer_start": [ 73 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.08.062

And the amount of the available NADH is low, producing low current (Isc=17μA), which is very consistent with the oxidation–reduction mechanism of the PEBFC.

What is the value of Isc?

56921

{ "text": [ "triiodide/iodide" ], "answer_start": [ 113 ] }

10.1039/C3EE24338A

The result indicates that both the ZrO2 and Ti layers are sufficiently porous to allow the free diffusion of the triiodide/iodide redox couple to and from the platinized CE.The incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiencies (IPCEs) of FTO based mBC-DSCs, Ti based mBC-DSCs and ref-DSCs are shown in Fig.

What is redox couple?

65575

{ "text": [ "74.75%" ], "answer_start": [ 152 ] }

10.1039/C8NR08295B

When the concentration of CQDs increases to 0.05 mg mL−1, the typical PCE is boosted to 18.81% with a Jsc of 22.19 mA cm−2, a Voc of 1.134 and an FF of 74.75% (reverse scan).

What is the value of FF?

16294

{ "text": [ "FTO" ], "answer_start": [ 247 ] }

10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.05.067

Considering the band alignment of each layer, the energy level diagram of our devices is displayed in c, where the hole transport path is from PSK to PbS/Spiro and then to the gold electrode, and the electrons move from PSK to bl-TiO2 and then to FTO substrate.

What is substrate?

3873

{ "text": [ "0.73" ], "answer_start": [ 169 ] }

10.1039/C4MH00236A

The device derived from the 1% DIO solution (FTO/PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI3−xClx/PC60BM/Bis-C60/Ag) exhibited a PCE of 11.8%, with a Jsc of 17.5 mA cm−2, Voc of 0.92 V, and FF of 0.73, compared to the 9.0% PCE of the device without using DIO.

What is ?

13515

{ "text": [ "895 mV" ], "answer_start": [ 161 ] }

10.1039/C8NJ05986A

The G2 dendrimer 3 shows the best power energy conversion of 9.01%, with a short circuit current density (Jsc) of 18.3 mA cm−2, an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 895 mV and a fill factor (ff) of 55%, when used as an additive with a redox mediator in a DSSC, compared to the other lower generation dendrimers G0 (1) and G1 (2).

What is the value of Voc?

76784

{ "text": [ "0.461V" ], "answer_start": [ 139 ] }

10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112216

Finally, when CA is used as a sensitizer, a strong increase in Jsc is observed (0.747mA cm−2) attended by a considerable reduction of Voc (0.461V) and a small reduction of FF (0.663) resulting in an overall increase of photoconversion efficiency (0.228%).

What is the value of Voc?

31658

{ "text": [ "glass" ], "answer_start": [ 133 ] }

10.1016/j.jelechem.2005.12.017

The amount of Pt was adjusted by changing the concentration of H2PtCl6, which was subsequently calcined at 385 °C to deposit Pt on a glass substrate.

What is substrate?

27493

{ "text": [ "8.15%" ], "answer_start": [ 249 ] }

10.1016/j.electacta.2016.04.112

The detailed photovoltaic parameters derived from J–V curves, including open circuit voltage (Voc), short circuit current density (Jsc), fill factor (FF), and power conversion efficiency (η), are summarized in , DSSCs based on NiS/Cc CE gave a η of 8.15%, which is close to that of 8.29% based on Pt CE.

What is the value of η?

54826

{ "text": [ "70" ], "answer_start": [ 232 ] }

10.1039/C4MH00236A

PEDOT:PSS, NiO, CuSCN, graphene oxide and polythiophene) was coated on a conductive glass, have been widely studied with the highest PCEs of 19.3% (ITO/PEIE/bl-TiO2(Y)/MAPbI3−xClx/spiro-OMeTAD/Au) and 16.31% (ITO/PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI3/PC70BM/Ca/Al), respectively.

What is ?

13514

{ "text": [ "4.58%" ], "answer_start": [ 16 ] }

10.1016/j.solener.2017.06.062

η improves from 4.58% to 6.07%, ends at 6.77%.

What is the value of η?

36252

{ "text": [ "8.58%" ], "answer_start": [ 77 ] }

10.1039/C6CS00752J

The semitransparent W18O49 NF CEs enabled the DSSCs to achieve a high PCE of 8.58%, close to that of 8.78% for the Pt-based CE.Wu et al.

What is the value of PCE?

66717

{ "text": [ "0.748 V" ], "answer_start": [ 53 ] }

10.1039/C3TA12714A

Further investigation shows that an even higher Voc (0.748 V) and RCT (205.15 Ω, Fig.

What is the value of Voc?

67753

{ "text": [ "7.18%" ], "answer_start": [ 149 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.06.044

This trend is valid only up to a threshold of optimum GNR concentration of 0.005wt %, yielding the highest Jsc of 14.22mA/cm2 and the highest PCE of 7.18%, which corresponds to approximately 20% enhancement with respect to bare TiO2 (5.99%).

What is the value of PCE?

50526

{ "text": [ "9.8%" ], "answer_start": [ 113 ] }

10.1016/j.solmat.2016.10.035

With the increasing of the precursor concentration from 10 wt% to 40 wt%, the average PCE increases from 2.2% to 9.8%, which is mainly attributed to the enhanced light absorption with thickness increasing.

What is the value of PCE?

1341

{ "text": [ "4.53%" ], "answer_start": [ 162 ] }

10.1039/C5RA03320A

The Jsc, Voc and fill factor (FF) of device A are 12.56 mA cm−2, 0.63 V and 0.57, respectively, yielding an overall the photovoltaic conversion efficiency (η) of 4.53%.

What is the value of η?

71966

{ "text": [ "8.06%" ], "answer_start": [ 95 ] }

10.1039/C2DT31046E

The cell based on the TiO2 PL–NP composite photoelectrode with n = 5 achieves the highest η of 8.06%, superior to 6.93% of the mechanically mixed PL–NP cell and 3.89% of the naked PL cell.

What is the value of η?

68206

{ "text": [ "7.66%" ], "answer_start": [ 184 ] }

10.1039/C4RA06490A

The DSSCs with Co0.85Se CEs on the plasma-treated FTO showed a Jsc value of 16.25 mA cm−2 and an FF value of 67.78%, and thus, the highest η value of 8.04%, which is higher than that (7.66%) for the DSSCs with the Pt CE, and also superior to that of the device with Co0.85Se CEs on the pristine FTO.Previous studies have demonstrated that a counter electrode usually affects three aspects of cell performance: the first is the electrical property or sheet resistance; the second is the electrochemical property or catalysis efficiency, which is determined typically by the inverse of charge transfer resistance; and the last is the optical property or reflection of illumination.

What is the value of η?

72100

{ "text": [ "714mV" ], "answer_start": [ 103 ] }

10.1016/j.dyepig.2019.107676

Obviously, the DSSC sensitized by WL5 presents a higher η of 6.75%, with a Jsc of 14.19mAcm2, a Voc of 714mV, and FF of 0.67.

What is the value of Voc?

39617

{ "text": [ "62.9%" ], "answer_start": [ 185 ] }

10.1016/j.spmi.2017.07.009

For the N2 annealing condition, the sample S0 fabricated using DMF solvent exhibited open circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.89V, short circuit current (Jsc) of 15.4mAcm−2, fill factor (FF) of 62.9%, corresponding to PCE of 8.6%.

What is the value of FF?

1741

{ "text": [ "2.27%" ], "answer_start": [ 115 ] }

10.1016/j.jssc.2013.11.020

But the further elevation of temperature has a bad effect on the efficiency, which results in the decrease of η to 2.27% at 120 °C.

What is the value of η?

29355

{ "text": [ "1.029%" ], "answer_start": [ 174 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.11.123

The maximum performance of the quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized photovoltaic fiber is obtained with 500μm twist pitch length, yielding an energy conversion efficiency (η) of 1.029%.

What is the value of η?

50484

{ "text": [ "8.27%" ], "answer_start": [ 258 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.07.060

It is found that the composite MnO2/CNFs-3, corresponding to a 100nm thick MnO2 coating resulted in the highest catalytic activity, moreover the corresponding DSSC shows a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.86%, higher than that of the Pt CE based DSSC (8.27%).Highly effective MnO2-coated nanorod carbon nanofiber composites (MnO2/CNFs) were synthesized via electrospin method and a facile hydrothermal process.

What is the value of PCE?

31964

{ "text": [ "TBP" ], "answer_start": [ 364 ] }

10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.05.026

After the films cooling down to the room temperature, the organic hole-transporting material (HTM) was further deposited on as-grown CH3NH3PbI3 layer by spin-coating of a mixture solution (4000 rpm for 40 s), which was prepared by adding 72.3 mg of 2,2′,7,-7′-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiroOMeTAD), 28.8 μL 4-tert-butylpyridine (TBP) and 17.5 μL of a stock solution consisting of 520 mg/mL lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulphonyl)imide (Li-TFSI) in acetonitrile to 1 mL of chlorobenzene.

What is HTM?

2089

{ "text": [ "600 mV" ], "answer_start": [ 189 ] }

10.1039/C3RA43643H

The DL-NS,s/NP,s:IZO film reveals a JSC of 18.8 mA cm−2, VOC of 640 mV and η of 6.9%.On the other hand, in the case of pure DL-NS,s/NP,s:ZnO film-based DSSC the JSC of 14.5 mA cm−2, VOC of 600 mV and η of 4.8% were obtained.

What is the value of VOC?

74937

{ "text": [ "10.4%" ], "answer_start": [ 99 ] }

10.1039/C5EE03255E

The device fabricated by pure FAPbI3 perovskite films gives a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.4% with open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 809 mV, short circuit current density (Jsc) of 21.4 mA cm−2 and a fill factor of 59.2%.

What is the value of PCE?

18319

{ "text": [ "3" ], "answer_start": [ 153 ] }

10.1016/j.cplett.2013.08.101

It was found that thermal degradation decreased IPCE with a blue shift of the IPCE maxima over the entire measured wavelength except in the region below 320 nm, where photocurrent was generated from direct band gap excitation of TiO2where ηINJ is the electron injection efficiency, ηREG the dye regeneration efficiency, and ηCOL the electron collection efficiency.

What is TiO2?

53047

{ "text": [ "11.49" ], "answer_start": [ 132 ] }

10.1039/C8CS00029H

The liquid-junction solar cells with the TiO2/CIGSe photoanode, and CuxS or Ti/carbon CEs showed unprecedentedly high PCEs of up to 11.49% under the AM1.5G illumination versus 9.46% for the undoped CISe NCs.The sensitizer NCs can be deposited onto the surface of oxide scaffolds regardless of the NC ligand shell nature and surface charge by the electrophoretic deposition, when a relatively strong electric field (typically higher than 150–200 V × cm−1) is applied between the oxide electrode and a CE forcing the NCs to adhere to the oxide surface.

What is CE?

65852

{ "text": [ "15.4%" ], "answer_start": [ 149 ] }

10.1039/C6TA06987H

Devices based on doped HTMs 38 and 39 displayed superior photovoltaic properties than devices utilizing doped HTM Sp01, achieving respective PCEs of 15.4% and 15.2%, respectively, although with a limitation in the photocurrent of around 20.0 mA cm−2.

What is the value of PCE?

13112

{ "text": [ "672 mV" ], "answer_start": [ 148 ] }

10.1016/j.tsf.2011.03.013

The Jsc, Voc, and FF for the DSCs with the TiO2 NP/TiO2–SnO2 NS compared with the TiO2 NP/SnO2 NS were increased from 11.30 to 13.50 mA/cm2, 658 to 672 mV, and 0.60 to 0.63, respectively.

What is the value of Voc?

26929

{ "text": [ "7.39%" ], "answer_start": [ 186 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.09.138

The dye QX11 exhibited an open-circuit photovoltage (Voc) of 710mV, a short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) of 15.6mAcm−2, and a fill factor (FF) of 66.7%, generating a lowest PCE of 7.39%.

What is the value of PCE?

26371

{ "text": [ "ZnO" ], "answer_start": [ 28 ] }

10.1016/j.electacta.2018.08.117

It can be seen that the FTO/ZnO/5%-GITC-additive MAPbI3 film shows lower PL intensity than that of the FTO/ZnO/pristine MAPbI3, implying the higher charge collection efficiency which is consistent with the EIS characterization [With the enhancement in the photovoltaic efficiencies, the thermal stability is another critical issue in evaluating the perovskite solar cells.

What is FTO?

2749

{ "text": [ "BM3" ], "answer_start": [ 472 ] }

10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.05.055

The improved photovoltaic performance of the DSSCs mainly attributes to following aspects: the BFTO/MoS2 CEs shows a rough surface for the numerous MoS2 nanoparticles on the surface of BFTO, which provide a larger surface area and produce a positive effect, enhancing the electrolyte/electrode contact area and offering more electrocatalytic sites for the reduction of I3− at the interface of CE/electrolyte (b) presents the IPCE of the DSSCs assembled with the BM0, BM1, BM3 and BM5 CEs.

What is CEs?

24162

{ "text": [ "18.3%" ], "answer_start": [ 191 ] }

10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.02.034

The corresponding solar cells showcase advanced charge transport and retarded recombination, leading to satisfying photovoltaic performance and heartening device stability (a champion PCE of 18.3% and a satisfying maintenance of ~83% initial PCE after 2000 h aging without encapsulation), indicating a promising protocol of fabricating miscellaneous single microcrystal perovskite precursors for highly efficient PSCs.Heretofore, organometal trihalide perovskites which come with exceptional photoactive attributes such as wide spectrum absorption range Recently, perovskites alloys by partially substituting A, B, or X sites with their corresponding elemental or molecular analogues have become the focus to offer a promising route for highly efficient and stable PSCs.

What is the value of PCE?

2501

{ "text": [ "63.4%" ], "answer_start": [ 190 ] }

10.1016/j.spmi.2017.07.009

By comparison, for other samples S2.5, S5.0, S7.5, S10, the VOC were 0.89V, 0.90V, 0.93V, 0.96V, the Jsc were 16.6mAcm−2, 17.0mAcm−2, 17.5mAcm−2, 16.1mAcm−2, the FF were 62.9%, 63.3%,63.9%, 63.4% and PCE were 9.3%, 9.7%, 10.4%, 9.8%, respectively.

What is the value of FF?

1801

{ "text": [ "7.6%" ], "answer_start": [ 94 ] }

10.1039/C5RA13088C

Applying Y123 dye and the [Co(bpy)3]2+/3+ redox system showed η and FF values up to 8.76 and 77.6%, respectively.A relatively simple series of cyclometalated ruthenium dyes were applied in DSSCs using [Co(dmb)3]2+/3+ as a mediator, where an overall power conversion efficiency of over 3% was achieved.It was shown that the post treatment of the dyed photoanodes with commercially available short-chain tri-alkoxypropyl silanes bearing a positive charge may be a viable successful general strategy for improving the electron collection efficiency in cobalt-mediated DSSCs.

What is the value of η?

65641

{ "text": [ "0.95V" ], "answer_start": [ 177 ] }

10.1016/j.optmat.2019.04.014

The results proved that the regioregular P3HT-grafted rGO components perfectly improved the solar cell parameters and reflected better efficacies (Jsc=22.15 mA/cm2, FF=72%, Voc=0.95V and PCE=15.15%) compared with the rGO-g-PTEt based systems (Jsc=20.63 mA/cm2, FF=71%, Voc=0.95V and PCE=13.91%).

What is the value of Voc?

10057

{ "text": [ "0.02%" ], "answer_start": [ 419 ] }

10.1016/j.polymer.2010.10.018

From the preliminary investigations, the OPV device containing 1:1 weight ratio of H-bonded polymer PDFTP/D2 and PCBM showed the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) value of 0.31% with a short-circuit current (Jsc) of 1.9mA/cm2, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.55V, and a fill factor (FF) of 29%, which has a higher PCE value than the corresponding H-donor D2 dye (PCE=0.15%) or H-acceptor PDFTP homopolymer (PCE=0.02%) blended with PCBM in 1:1 weight ratio.In order to overcome the growing global energy needs, extensive researches on environment friendly and renewable sources of energies have been made during the past decade Since conjugated polymers with electron donor-acceptor (D-A) architectures had proved as the highly efficient solar cell polymers that built intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) transitions from the electron donor to acceptor and thus to lower the band gaps of solar cell polymers , a series of symmetrical carbazole-based conjugated dyes (D1–D4) containing carbazole cores functionalized at two different (i.e., 3,6- and 2,7-substituted) positions linked to cyanoacrylic acid termini (as double H-donors) via π-conjugated oligo-thiophenes were synthesized, which were complexed with a side-chain homopolymer (PDFTP) bearing pyridyl pendants (as H-acceptors).

What is the value of PCE?

56811

{ "text": [ "6.72%" ], "answer_start": [ 208 ] }

10.1016/j.solener.2017.01.030

The cell prepared using carbon as counter electrode displayed open circuit voltage VOC of 0.66 V, short circuit current density JSC of 17.10 mA cm−2, fill factor (FF) of 0.59 and conversion efficiency (η) of 6.72% respectively.

What is the value of η?

57642

{ "text": [ "titania" ], "answer_start": [ 64 ] }

10.1039/C4RA06823H

In the present work, the photoanodes are commercially available titania electrodes which include a scattering layer; in our previous study, screen-printed electrodes with scattering layer were prepared in our laboratory.

What is photoanodes?

75580

{ "text": [ "782 mV" ], "answer_start": [ 207 ] }

10.1039/C2JM33829G

9 displays the J–V curve and the photovoltaic parameters which show that the fully flexible DSSC has achieved a significant power conversion efficiency of 6.71% accompanying a Jsc of 12.54 mA cm−2, a Voc of 782 mV and a FF of 0.69.

What is the value of Voc?

65247

{ "text": [ "20.5mAcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 293 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.11.013

The temperature was kept constantly around 22°C because our buildings have central air conditioners, and the temperature was controlled all year long, while the humidity variation is due to the weather or season.(a–d): average short-circuit current densities (JSC) are 21.0mAcm−2, 20.4mAcm−2, 20.5mAcm−2, 20.6mAcm−2 and 20.5mAcm−2, respectively; average open-circuit voltages (VOC) are the same, 1.07V; average fill factors (FF) are 0.68, 0.70, 0.70, 0.71, 0.69, respectively; average PCEs are 15.4%, 15.3%, 15.4%, 15.7%, 15.1%, respectively.

What is the value of JSC?

719

{ "text": [ "6.46%" ], "answer_start": [ 76 ] }

10.1016/j.dyepig.2016.10.041

As a result, a higher efficiency of 7.50% was achieved for XW21 relative to 6.46% for XW20.It is noteworthy that XW20 and XW21 exhibit dramatically red-shifted IPCE onset wavelengths triggered by the strong “pulling” effect of the BTD unit.

What is the value of PCE?

40849

{ "text": [ "5.6%" ], "answer_start": [ 100 ] }

10.1039/C5TC00882D

The lower Jsc of the DSSC with the spray-coated 0.2-UVGL counter electrode (Jsc = 10.4 mA cm−2, η = 5.6%) results in a lower cell efficiency compared to that with the Pt/FTO counter electrode (Jsc = 12.5 mA cm−2, η = 6.8%).

What is the value of η?

65964

{ "text": [ "TiO2" ], "answer_start": [ 4 ] }

10.1016/j.orgel.2015.03.020

The TiO2 electrodes were then cooled to 60 °C and then immersed in 0.5 mM ethanolic N719 ruthenium dye (Di-tetrabutylammonium cis-bis(isothiocyanato)bis(2,2′-bipyridyl-4,4′-dicarboxylato)ruthenium(II)) solution for 24 h.

What is ?

26946

{ "text": [ "0.92V" ], "answer_start": [ 295 ] }

10.1016/j.solener.2018.10.055

The AFM cross section patterns showed that a satisfactory planarization can be achieved with a 47nm–thick PCBM layer.The highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) 6.5% was measured for samples annealed at 55°C due to the high short-current density (Jsc) 20.5mA/cm2and open – circuit voltage VOC 0.92V for the champion cell (b).

What is the value of VOC?

11590

{ "text": [ "0.60V" ], "answer_start": [ 329 ] }

10.1016/j.rinp.2018.12.040

And the short circuit current (Jsc), open circuit voltage (Voc), fill factor (FF) and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the 3D ZnO hierarchical structures were summarized in , we can see that the DSSCs fabricated by the 3D ZnO hierarchical microspheres composed of nanorods exhibited the highest Jsc of 15.58mA/cm2 and Voc of 0.60V, yielding the highest PCE of 3.75%.

What is the value of Voc?

47318

{ "text": [ "9.32±0.08%" ], "answer_start": [ 107 ] }

10.1016/j.nanoen.2015.08.008

The DSSC with its CE containing the film of CB/PtNPs with the size of the PtNPs being 4 nm showed the η of 9.32±0.08%, which was found to be higher than those of the cells with other sizes of the PtNPs.

What is the value of η?

40045

{ "text": [ "13.42%" ], "answer_start": [ 61 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.11.047

When the weight ratio of C60: C70 was fixed at 2:3, a PCE of 13.42% was achieved, which is comparable to that of PC61BM control device (PCE=13.74%).

What is the value of PCE?

2942

{ "text": [ "Pt" ], "answer_start": [ 259 ] }

10.1016/j.jpcs.2019.03.025

The illumination area of the PSCs was fixed to 0.07cm2.Photoelectrochemical measurements were performed in a standard three-electrode quartz cell with Na2SO4 electrolyte solution (pH=6.8), where CNT/TiO2 photoelectrodes were used as the working electrodes, a Pt net served as the CE, and Ag/AgCl was applied as the reference electrode.

What is electrode?

3681

{ "text": [ "10.7mAcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 90 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.05.060

The PANI-0.35 CE-based solar cell exhibits the highest efficiency of 5.57%, with a Jsc of 10.7mAcm−2, Voc of 0.66V, and FF of 0.67.

What is the value of Jsc?

53392

{ "text": [ "659 mV" ], "answer_start": [ 168 ] }

10.1039/C2JM15928G

4 and Table 2, we obtained a solar energy to electricity conversion efficiency of 2.17% (Jsc = 5.29 mA cm−2, Voc = 589 mV, ff = 0.70), 4.21% (Jsc = 9.32 mA cm−2, Voc = 659 mV, ff = 0.69) and 3.12% (Jsc = 7.99 mA cm−2, Voc = 587 mV, ff = 0.67) with DSSCs based on PT1–PT3, respectively.

What is the value of Voc?

64799

{ "text": [ "12.38 mA/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 129 ] }

10.1016/j.solmat.2015.07.021

In addition, the devices prepared without DMF and short dipping time (1 min) show worst photovoltaic performance (PCE 4.48%, Jsc 12.38 mA/cm2, Voc 868 mV, FF 41.7%) along with large standard deviation; although there more PbI2 can be transformed to MAPbI3, the photovoltaic performance of the device prepared with too much DMF (volume fraction of 2%) and excessive dipping time (3 min) is deteriorated being lower than those obtained without DMF, it is owing to the higher roughness and lower coverage of the MAPbI3 film on the mesoporous TiO2 film.

What is the value of Jsc?

883

{ "text": [ "19.80%" ], "answer_start": [ 225 ] }

10.1016/j.solmat.2018.02.007

The energy band gap diagram for the bilayer composite system is shown in e gives the JV curve for the best bilayer cell from the sample set under standard one sun conditions, scanned in reverse direction, revealing a PCE of ~19.80%.

What is the value of PCE?

8257

{ "text": [ "FTO" ], "answer_start": [ 158 ] }

10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.09.260

Herein it is found that DSSC based on NNAs photoanode exhibited a better performance than DSSC based on NWAs photoanode.ZnO-TiO2 thin film was spin coated on FTO substrate as a blocking as well as seed layer, and NWAs and NNAs were successfully grown on ZnO-TiO2 seed layer by hydrothermal technique.

What is substrate?

57399

{ "text": [ "13.44%" ], "answer_start": [ 76 ] }

10.1039/C4EE03773A

By employing this new molecule as the HTM, the champion PSC device achieved 13.44% PCE in the presence of a p-type dopant.

What is the value of PCE?

12607

{ "text": [ "7.41%" ], "answer_start": [ 87 ] }

10.1016/j.solener.2019.10.039

Additionally, a remarkable improvement in the PCE value was obtained for Ag-Au@TiO2 (η=7.41%) which is 125% and 108% higher than bare TiO2 (η=5.91%) and Au@TiO2 (η=6.86%), respectively.

What is the value of η?

50066

{ "text": [ "4.75%" ], "answer_start": [ 53 ] }

10.1039/C5TA10488B

By optimizing TC height, a novel FDSSC with a PCE of 4.75% was obtained.

What is the value of PCE?

71988

{ "text": [ "13.95%" ], "answer_start": [ 256 ] }

10.1016/j.solener.2019.08.036

Device performance results indicate that TPA2C with two TPA fragments demonstrated the best results, with a short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) of 20.14mAcm−2, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.90V and a fill factor (FF) of 76.96%, yielding a PCE of 13.95%, which is comparable to the control device with a PCE of 15.55%.

What is the value of PCE?

2530

{ "text": [ "25 mm2" ], "answer_start": [ 107 ] }

10.1016/j.mseb.2011.02.009

reports photocurrent density–photovoltage measurements under AM 1.5 illumination for a DSSC active area of 25 mm2.For a constant thickness (equal to 4 μm) the short circuit current density (Jsc) of ZnO nanocomposite-based-DSSC is twice larger than the short circuit current density of single ZnO nanowire-based-DSSC (see ).

What is the value of active area?

46757

{ "text": [ "19.18±0.29mA/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 81 ] }

10.1016/j.coelec.2018.10.006

The devices using LT-SnO2 ESLs achieved the performance: Voc = 1.08±0.01V, Jsc = 19.18±0.29mA/cm2, FF= 0.738 0.009, and PCE = 15.28±0.26%.Considering that the reported high-efficiency PSCs usually use a (mesoscopic) metal oxide, such as Al2O3, TiO2 or ZrO2, which requires a high-temperature sintering process, Bolink and co-workers used organic transport layers, namely, poly-TPD and PCBM to fabricate PSCs (a) shows the photograph of a 20-nm-thick perovskite film on ITO substrate.

What is the value of Jsc?

1421

{ "text": [ "16.88%" ], "answer_start": [ 334 ] }

10.1016/j.jiec.2019.08.004

On the other hand, the photovoltaic properties when incorporating NH4F, NH4Cl and NH4Br were VOC: 0.98 V, JSC: 19.10 mA/cm2, FF: 80.42% and PCE: 15.15% under the reverse scan direction and VOC: 0.98 V, JSC: 19.13 mA/cm2, FF: 79.90% and PCE: 15.02% under the forward scan direction; VOC: 0.99 V, JSC: 21.01 mA/cm2, FF: 80.80% and PCE: 16.88% under the reverse scan direction and VOC: 0.99 V, JSC: 21.03 mA/cm2, FF: 80.31% and PCE: 16.78% under the forward scan direction; and VOC: 1.02 V, JSC: 20.33 mA/cm2, FF: 81.14% and PCE: 16.85% under the reverse scan direction and VOC: 1.02 V, JSC: 20.10 mA/cm2, FF: 80.51% and PCE: 16.53% under the forward scan direction, respectively.The improved device performance of the MAPbI3 PvSCs with NH4X (X = F, Cl, Br, I) incorporated into them additive can be attributed to the enhanced VOC, JSC and FF values.

What is the value of PCE?

11512

{ "text": [ "763 mV" ], "answer_start": [ 101 ] }

10.1039/C7NR09260A

The champion DSSC assembled with the optimized CNA–CoS2 CE exhibits a Jsc of 16.51 mA cm−2, a Voc of 763 mV and a FF of 0.71, yielding a ηmax of 8.92%, much higher than those of the cells fabricated with the individual CNA (8.28%) and Pt CE (7.32%).

What is the value of Voc?

63893

{ "text": [ "ITO" ], "answer_start": [ 96 ] }

10.1039/C8TA12206G

A TiO2 compact layer was prepared by spin-coating the dispersed TiO2 nanoparticle solution onto ITO at 5000 rpm for 40 s and dried at 150 °C for 30 min.

What is ?

12925

{ "text": [ "100mWcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 33 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.05.063

The incident light intensity was 100mWcm−2 calibrated by a standard silicon solar cell.

What is the value of light intensity?

41604

{ "text": [ "13.24%" ], "answer_start": [ 112 ] }

10.1016/j.solmat.2018.01.010

With incorporation of NiO nanoparticles, the PCE of PSCs was increased to 13.26%, which is slightly higher than 13.24% of the devices using Spiro-OMeTAD as hole conductor and Ag as electrode.

What is the value of PCE?

3274

{ "text": [ "0.74 V" ], "answer_start": [ 114 ] }

10.1016/j.orgel.2014.11.016

Furthermore, sintering at a temperature of 400 °C yields the optimal efficiency of 5.09% (Jsc= 14.76 mA/cm2, Voc= 0.74 V, FF = 0.47).

What is the value of Voc?

24867

{ "text": [ "1.96%" ], "answer_start": [ 181 ] }

10.1016/j.materresbull.2014.07.012

The efficiencies (η) of the electrodes were in accordance with Jsc, and efficiency of the double-layer TiO2 was 6.4%, while the HB-TiO2 and the P25 particles were much lower, i.e., 1.96% and 4.07%, respectively.

What is the value of η?

59164

{ "text": [ "4.04%" ], "answer_start": [ 41 ] }

10.1039/C5RA05349H

For PPL-2, the best device gave a PCE of 4.04% with an average value of 3.83%, which are slightly higher than those for PPL-1.

What is the value of PCE?

67440

{ "text": [ "0.66%" ], "answer_start": [ 246 ] }

10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.02.026

The test DSSCs (dye-sensitized solar cells) were prepared from low-cost materials (raspberry/hibiscus natural dye-sensitizers and candle soot counter electrode) in order to check the quality of the films, with a highest conversion efficiency η = 0.66% and a fill factor FF = 62%.Titanium dioxide (titania) is one of the most intensively used materials, especially in the energy sector of modern science and technology.

What is the value of η?

23548

{ "text": [ "10 s" ], "answer_start": [ 71 ] }

10.1016/j.electacta.2013.06.023

The open circuit voltages (Voc) of the DSSCs using sputtering times of 10 s, 40 s, 80 s and 120 s are 0.71 V, 0.71 V, 0.72 V and 0.73 V, respectively.

What is the value of time?

25110

{ "text": [ "66.9%" ], "answer_start": [ 218 ] }

10.1016/j.electacta.2013.07.199

The SZO4 (Sn–Zn = 4 wt.%) photoanode yields the highest power energy conversion efficiency (η) of 0.80% with a photocurrent density (Jsc) of 2.09 mA cm−2, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.57 V, a fill factor (FF) of 66.9% due to its lowest resistance and highest amount of dye adsorption.

What is the value of FF?

23588

{ "text": [ "100mWcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 137 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.06.013

The current-voltage characteristics of the devices were monitored with a Keithley 2400 source meter under one sun illumination (AM 1.5G, 100mWcm−2) or under dark.

What is the value of illumination?

6007

{ "text": [ "100mW/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 93 ] }

10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.05.068

Depicts Nyquist plots of DSSC based on SQTHZ and SQIND measured under AM 1.5G illuminations (100mW/cm2).

What is the value of illumination?

27434

{ "text": [ "8.10%" ], "answer_start": [ 250 ] }

10.1039/C5TC01183C

Under these experimental conditions, the benchmark sensitizer N719 gives a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 15.2 mA cm−2, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.745 V and a fill-factor (FF) of 0.72 leading to a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.10% (Table 2).

What is the value of PCE?

75084

{ "text": [ "0.69V" ], "answer_start": [ 97 ] }

10.1016/j.solener.2019.05.029

Interestingly, we also note that the open circuit voltage (Voc) has increased from 0.66V (TO) to 0.69V (FeTO).

What is the value of Voc?

28220

{ "text": [ "5.84%" ], "answer_start": [ 216 ] }

10.1016/j.jiec.2017.02.022

The short-circuit current density (Jsc) of the TP/TN-A photoanode composed of nine layers of TiO2 nanoparticles and TiO2 nanotubes was 18.35 mA cm−2 and the PCE was 7.74%, whereas a Jsc of 12.64 mA cm−2 and a PCE of 5.84% were achieved with the TP-9L photoanode composed of nine layers of TiO2 nanoparticles only, as listed in .

What is the value of PCE?

29764

{ "text": [ "Al2O3" ], "answer_start": [ 120 ] }

10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.02.025

It acts as a barrier between the FTO and CH3NH3PbI3 and also helps to block the shunt paths between NiO/PCBM via the mp-Al2O3 layer filled with perovskite crystals.Another interesting device design for PSCs is metal-back contact free, inspired from monolithic DSSCs In summary, the p-type semiconductor NiO has been demonstrated to be an efficient HTM in PSCs with impressive photovoltaic performance with VOC~1.11 V, closer to that achieved in a state-of-the-art mesoporous PSCs configuration using spiroOMeTAD.

What is NiO?

2425

{ "text": [ "4.6%" ], "answer_start": [ 112 ] }

10.1016/S0927-0248(03)00016-3

As a consequence, the overall energy conversion yield (η) increased from 3.3% at 5.8 μm to the highest value of 4.6% at 10.0 μm and then decreased gradually.

What is the value of η?

24036

{ "text": [ "18" ], "answer_start": [ 143 ] }

10.1016/j.jphotochem.2004.04.036

CV was carried out in 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (NBu4ClO4)–methanol solution.Nanoporous TiO2 semiconductor thin films approximately 18 μm thick on SnO2-coated glass were prepared by using a previous reported procedure Photoelectrochemical measurements were performed in a two-electrode sandwich cell configuration as previously reported where Iph is the photocurrent density at short circuit in μA cm−2, λ the wavelength of incident radiation in nm, and P0 the photon flux in μW cm−2All density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed with the Gaussian 98 program package Ruthenium diimine dikentonato complexes 2–4 were synthesized following to the previously reported procedure The Ru(diimine)(diketonato) complexes 2–4 in this study were characterized by electronic, mass, and NMR spectroscopy and found to be analytically pure by elemental analysis.

What is TiO2?

29808

{ "text": [ "0.32" ], "answer_start": [ 58 ] }

10.1016/j.jcis.2019.02.005

The lattice spacing measured in the pale region was about 0.32nm, which matches well with the spacing between the adjacent (110) crystal planes of rutile TiO2, while the lattice spacing taken from the dark region was measured to be 0.23nm, which was in good agreement with the distance of (111) planes of the cubic gold.

What is TiO2?

58425

{ "text": [ "ITO" ], "answer_start": [ 180 ] }

10.1016/j.nanoso.2017.08.018

The sheet resistance elements (Rs) of the Pt and Mw-Pt NPs@GO DSSCs are measured as 2.26 and 1.92 Ω cm2 respectively, indicating that the Mw-Pt NPs@GO film is firmly bonded to the ITO substrate and exhibits a lower Rs and therefore indicating an enhanced electron transfer from Mw-Pt NPs@GO CE to the I3− ion in the electrolyte.

What is substrate?

42277

{ "text": [ "67.15%" ], "answer_start": [ 228 ] }

10.1016/j.orgel.2017.12.017

The device employing pristine ZnO as buffer layer and PB(NAP-Th)TBT as HTM exhibits a VOC of 1.02V, a JSC of 18.68mA/cm2 and a FF of 66.26%, yielding a PCE of 12.70% at forward scan and 12.85% (VOC=1.02V, JSC=17.71mA/cm2 and FF=67.15%) at reverse scan.

What is the value of FF?

7769

{ "text": [ "7.91%" ], "answer_start": [ 142 ] }

10.1039/C4TA02312A

The optimum photovoltaic performance is obtained from the DSSC with TiO2/0.5 wt% GeO2:Jsc = 14.31 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.743 V, FF = 74.4%, and η = 7.91%.There are only a few studies on the use of TiO2/GeO2 nanocrystallites as anode materials for DSSC applications.

What is the value of η?

66405

{ "text": [ "TiO2" ], "answer_start": [ 159 ] }

10.1016/j.tsf.2010.11.008

This phenomenon may be due to the serious competitive light harvesting by excess MWCNTs In this study, we fabricated dye-sensitized solar cells based on MWCNT–TiO2 photo-anodes by the procedures of cutting MWCNTs and subsequent immobilization of TiO2 on MWCNTs.

What is anodes?

26606

{ "text": [ "Silver" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }

10.1039/C5TA02730F

Silver electrodes were finally evaporated under high vacuum (<3 × 10−4 bar) through a shadow mask with a thickness of 100 nm.Morphologies of the perovskite films were observed with a Hitachi S-4800 field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM).

What is electrodes?

20073

{ "text": [ "0.86V" ], "answer_start": [ 166 ] }

10.1016/j.spmi.2018.07.024

Analogously, the open-circuit voltage (Voc) of the PSC first enhances from 0.68 to 0.91V when the concentration of PbI2 enhances from 0.1 to 1.0M and then reduces to 0.86V when the concentration of PbI2 further enhances to 1.6M.

What is the value of Voc?

6177

{ "text": [ "0.738 V" ], "answer_start": [ 61 ] }

10.1039/C6NJ00159A

The Nb2O5 solar cell showed an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.738 V and the TiO2 solar cell showed a VOC of 0.706 V.

What is the value of VOC?

63958

{ "text": [ "17.07%" ], "answer_start": [ 175 ] }

10.1039/C8TA10510C

The organic-scaffold perovskite solar cells (OPSCs) achieved a highest PCE of 19.45%, outperforming those of standard reference PSCs based on c-TiO2/m-TiO2 (the highest PCE = 17.07%).

What is the value of PCE?

15040

{ "text": [ "0.28 cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 32 ] }

10.1039/C3TA12972A

The active area of the cell was 0.28 cm2.The surface features of the CEs were observed using a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM, Hitachi S-4800, JAPAN) and an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) attached to the FE-SEM.

What is the value of active area?

72488

{ "text": [ "10.58%" ], "answer_start": [ 72 ] }

10.1039/C5RA17129F

In contrast, after PABA modification, the best device exhibits a PCE of 10.58% with Jsc of 22.29 mA cm−2, Voc of 0.92 V and FF of 0.52, which is superior to the performance of the former.

What is the value of PCE?

12200

{ "text": [ "Ag" ], "answer_start": [ 128 ] }

10.1039/C5EE02194D

Although several papers have reported PrSCs that use flexible transparent conducting electrodes (e.g., aluminum-doped ZnO (AZO)/Ag/AZO and PEDOT:PSS) instead of FTO or ITO, PCEs of the flexible devices were lower than rigid devices due to inferior electrical and optical properties of flexible electrodes.

What is FTO?

19973

{ "text": [ "856 mV" ], "answer_start": [ 105 ] }

10.1039/C9TA00490D

SHE.It is interesting to note from Table 2 that the devices with the AZ+/AZ electrolyte reached a VOC of 856 mV, which is similar to the VOC obtained using the [Co(bpy)3]3+/2+ reference, although it has a redox potential 0.24 V lower than AZ+/AZ.

What is the value of VOC?

65233

{ "text": [ "6.93%" ], "answer_start": [ 265 ] }

10.1039/C8RA02765J

It is found that the DSSC fabricated with the 5% Ag-doped CoS CE achieved an impressive power-conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.35% which was higher than that of the DSSC with a Pt CE (8.17%) by 2.2%, while the DSSC consisting of undoped CoS only exhibited a PCE of 6.93%.

What is the value of PCE?

71780

{ "text": [ "14.52%" ], "answer_start": [ 90 ] }

10.1016/j.orgel.2018.09.011

One-step PVSC shows larger Voc, Jsc and FF than that of two-step device, resulting PCE of 14.52% and 11.25%, respectively.

What is the value of PCE?

11779

{ "text": [ "718 mV" ], "answer_start": [ 56 ] }

10.1039/C5RA21296K

That is why the Voc was improved from 706 mV for BNW to 718 mV for BNW–TiCl4, and further to 756 mV for BANW.To further understand the influences of the mixed-phase structure on nanowire array photoanodes, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement was carried out.

What is the value of Voc?

74669

{ "text": [ "12.52%" ], "answer_start": [ 391 ] }

10.1039/C9CS00059C

The same collaborators reported recently three analogues functionalized with three modified (4-methylformate)phenoxy or (4-butyl formate) phenoxy peripheral groups and different metal centres (Cu and Zn), namely CuPcNO2-OMFPh, CuPcNO2-OBFPh and ZnPcNO2-OBFPh.The three Pcs were tested as dopant-free HTMs in double cation (FA/MA) dual-halide (I/Br) mixed PSCs, and achieved improved PCEs of 12.52%, 13.66% and 15.74%, respectively, while the control device made with doped-Spiro-OMeTAD gave 18.42% under these conditions.

What is the value of PCE?

13719

{ "text": [ "7.24 ± 0.11%" ], "answer_start": [ 109 ] }

10.1039/C3RA23428B

Moreover, the η of the DSSC with PANI/CB (6.77 ± 0.13%) is comparable to that of the cell with sputtered Pt (7.24 ± 0.11%).

What is the value of η?

75051

{ "text": [ "0.74 V" ], "answer_start": [ 88 ] }

10.1016/j.jcis.2017.02.002

Furthermore, the GO/Fe (1:10) CE DSSC attained JSC, VOC, and FF values of 17.69 mA/cm2, 0.74 V, and 0.51, respectively, reaching an efficiency of 6.75%.

What is the value of VOC?

29665

{ "text": [ "3.9%" ], "answer_start": [ 90 ] }

10.1039/C4TA05264A

5 and Table 2 show that the flexible DSSC with CNTs/G/Ni as the cathode achieved a PCE of 3.9% with a FF of 0.60, which rivalled standard flexible DSSCs (PCE 3.4%, FF 0.59).

What is the value of PCE?

65278