Split (1)

train · ~7.35M rows (showing the first 2.11M)

title stringlengths 1 184	text stringlengths 9 664k
10P	# 10P ## Abstract 10P, 10-P or 10.P may refer to: - AMX-10P, a French Army tank - 10P/Tempel, a comet - British ten pence coin - 10th Planet Jiu-Jitsu
1885–86 Stoke F.C. season	# 1885–86 Stoke F.C. season ## Abstract The 1885–86 season was the third season Stoke took part the FA Cup. ## Season review Stoke fared little better in the 1885–86 FA Cup again failing to go beyond the first qualifying round, losing to nearby Crewe Alexandra in a replay after extra time. ## FA Cup
1922–23 FAI Cup	# 1922–23 FAI Cup ## Abstract The FAI Cup 1922 – 23 was the second edition of Ireland's premier cup competition, The Football Association of Ireland Challenge Cup or FAI Cup. The tournament began on 6 January 1923 and concluded on 17 March with the final held at Dalymount Park, Dublin. An official attendance of 14,000 people watched Belfast side Alton United of the Falls League defeat Shelbourne 1–0. The Falls League's affiliation to the FAI, rather than the IFA, allowed the club to compete in the cup. ## Semi-finals ## Final
FinDreams	# FinDreams ## Abstract FinDreams (Chinese: 弗迪; pinyin: Fúdí) is the brand name used by four automotive supplier companies owned by BYD. These companies were announced in March 2020 as spin-offs from BYD. The establishment of FinDreams companies was done to grow sales of components to other automotive companies. The companies include FinDreams Battery, FinDreams Powertrain, FinDreams Technology, FinDreams Vision (cancelled), and FinDreams Precision. Its Chinese name, 'Fudi' comes from a poem in the Classic of Poetry, which means honesty, trustworthiness, steadfastness and diligence. ## FinDreams Battery FinDreams Battery Co., Ltd. was registered on 5 May 2019 as a successor to BYD Lithium Battery Co. Ltd., which was established in 1998. Its products include consumer batteries, electronic batteries, electric vehicle batteries and energy storage batteries. It is the world's third largest producer of electric vehicle batteries with a global market share of 12 percent in the first half of 2022. It specializes in lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries, including blade battery. As of November 2021, the company has established 15 major production bases in more than 10 cities across China. In early 2022, the company started construction of a joint venture plant with FAW Group called FAW-FinDreams to produce battery packs. BYD held 51 percent of the shares, while FAW held the rest. Located in Changchun, Jilin, the plant was designed with a total capacity of 45 GWh. The first battery pack rolled off the plant in July 2023, and the plant went operational in September 2023. In June 2023, FinDreams Battery established a joint venture with Huaihai Holding Group, which is best known for electric tricycles and electric scooters, intending to establish the world's largest supplier of sodium-ion batteries. In January 2024, construction of the sodium-ion manufacturing plant was started. The CN¥10 billion (US$1.4 billion) plant will have a 30 GWh annual production capacity. In February 2024, the company signed an 8-year agreement with American automotive supply company, BorgWarner. FinDreams Battery will supply BorgWarner with blade cells for manufacturing LFP battery packs in Europe, the Americas and several Asia Pacific regions. BorgWarner will also secure an intellectual property license to use FinDreams battery pack design and manufacturing process. The subsidiary also owns Shenzhen BYD Energy Storage Co., Ltd., (previously Shenzhen Pingshan FinDreams Battery Co., Ltd.) that produces energy storage products. It produces the BYD Home Energy System, simplified as BYD HES, an integrated product combining solar panels, battery, inverter, etc. This system generated electricity from solar power, and then stored it. ## FinDreams Powertrain FinDreams Powertrain Co., Ltd. develops and produces engines and powertrain-related parts such as transmissions, axles, electric car platforms and plug-in hybrid systems. ## FinDreams Technology FinDreams Technology Co., Ltd. develops and produces automotive electronics and chassis -related parts that are used in passenger cars, commercial vehicles, and rail transit. It has ten major products such as vehicle thermal management, vehicle wiring harness, smart cockpit, advanced driver-assistance system (ADAS), passive safety, braking system, suspension and exhaust, body control, steering system, and body accessories. ## FinDreams Precision FinDreams Precision Co., Ltd. (previously FinDreams Molding) operates moulding manufacturing and research and development.
1908 Nobel Prize in Literature	# 1908 Nobel Prize in Literature ## Abstract The 1908 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the German philosopher Rudolf Christoph Eucken (1846–1926) "in recognition of his earnest search for truth, his penetrating power of thought, his wide range of vision, and the warmth and strength in presentation with which in his numerous works he has vindicated and developed an idealistic philosophy of life." He is the second German to be awarded the prize and the first philosopher to be a recipient. ## Laureate Rudolf Eucken centered his philosophy on the human experience. He maintained that man is the meeting place of nature and spirit and that it is man's duty to overcome his nonspiritual nature by actively striving after the spiritual life. Some of his major works are Die Einheit des Geisteslebens ("The Unity of the Spiritual Life", 1888), Geistige Strömungen der Gegenwart ("Main Currents of Modern Thoughts", 1908), Der Sinn und Wert des Lebens ("The Meaning and Value of Life", 1908), Können wir noch Christen sein? ("Can We Still Be Christians?", 1911), and Der Sozialismus und seine Lebensgestaltung ("Individual and Society", 1923). ## Deliberations ### Nominations Eucken had never been nominated for the prize before, making him one of the 10 laureates who won on a rare occasion when they have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature the same year they were first nominated. He received a single nomination from a member of the Swedish Academy. In total, the academy received 23 nominations for 16 writers. Among the nominees include Jaroslav Vrchlický, Selma Lagerlöf (awarded in 1909), John Morley, Algernon Charles Swinburne, and Antonio Fogazzaro. Six of the nominees were newly nominated such as the controversial Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche, Adolf von Harnack, Julio Calcaño and Edmondo De Amicis. The authors Vicente Acosta, Anton Giulio Barrili, Wilhelm Busch, Julia Abigail Cartney, Karl Josef Rudolph Cornely, Manuel Curros Enríquez, Joaquim Machado de Assis, Alexander Ertel, Carl Ewald, Louis-Honoré Fréchette, Joel Chandler Harris, Ludovic Halévy, Bronson Howard, Jonas Lie, Aurora Ljungstedt, Jadwiga Łuszczewska, Otto Pfleiderer, Anthony Winkler Prins, Maria Louise Ramé (known as Ouida), Evgeny Salias De Tournemire, Victorien Sardou, Susan Marr Spalding, Edmund Clarence Stedman, and Aleksey Zhemchuzhnikov died in 1908 without having been nominated for the prize. Italian novelist Edmondo de Amicis died months before the announcement. ### Prize decision For the 1908 prize, the main candidates were English poet Algernon Swinburne and the Swedish writer Selma Lagerlöf. Nobel Committee chair Carl David af Wirsén was against Lagerlöf for her radical styles and campaigned for Swinburne. Being divided between Swinburne and Lagerlöf, the committee, as a compromise choice, launched the German philosopher Rudolf Eucken as an alternative candidate that could be agreed upon and a representative of the Academy's interpretation of Nobel's ideal direction. ## Reactions The choice of philosopher Rudolf Christoph Eucken as Nobel laureate in 1908 is widely considered to be one of the worst mistakes in the history of the Nobel Prize in Literature. The Swedish Academy's handling of the prize decision was heavily criticized at the time. Burton Feldman, author of The Nobel Prize: A History of Geniuses Controversy, and Prestige describes Eucken as a laureate "so forgotten that even philosophers are usually surprised he was a philosopher." While journalist Stuart Reid of The Atlantic describes him as "a deservedly forgotten philosopher who was never important." ## Nobel lecture Eucken delivered a Nobel lecture entitled Naturalism or Idealism? on 27 March 1909 at Stockholm.
1905 Auburn Tigers football team	# 1905 Auburn Tigers football team ## Abstract The 1905 Auburn Tigers football team represented Alabama Polytechnic Institute (now known Auburn University) in the 1905 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. The team was led by head coach Mike Donahue, in his second year, and played their home games at both the Drill Field in Auburn and West End Park in Birmingham, Alabama. They finished the season with a record of two wins and four losses (2–4 overall, 2–3 in the SIAA). ## Schedule
1874–75 in English football	# 1874–75 in English football ## Abstract The 1874–75 season was the fourth season of competitive football in England at a time when the sport was still the recreation for the higher classes in the country. The growth of football in England started with the formation of clubs from these elites and a period of Codification (1801 to 1891). Early clubs were Darwen and Turton in Lancashire. Football progressed mainly through education systems that encouraged young men to pursue playing the sport and create their own clubs post graduation. In 1874, Charles W. Alcock coined the term " combination game " for a style of play that was based on teamwork and co-operation, largely achieved by passing the ball instead of dribbling it. ## National team England and Scotland met again in a 2–2 draw at the Kennington Oval
Robert Vansittart (diplomat)	# Robert Vansittart (diplomat) ## Abstract - REDIRECT]
1788-L	# 1788-L ## Abstract David Andrew Lunson (born 7 January 1988), known as 1788-L, is an American DJ, electronic music producer. He rose to fame in 2018 with a remix of Virtual Self 's "Particle Arts" uploaded onto his SoundCloud account. Other releases following this include "Multiverse" (with 4AM) and a remix of Daft Punk 's "Rinzler". ## Career On 26 January 2018, 1788-L uploaded his debut release, "Replica", on SoundCloud. A digital download release of his song was issued on 2 February 2018. On 9 February 2018 he released a remix of "Particle Arts" by Virtual Self. On 2 March 2018, a remix of Daft Punk 's "Rinzler" (from Tron: Legacy) was released, and premiered on Dancing Astronaut. On 30 March 2018, a remix of " Radioactivity " by Kraftwerk was released on all platforms. His debut extended play, Sentience, which comprises four tracks was released on August 24, 2018, through Zeds Dead ' label, Deadbeats. 1788-L performed his first live show on July, 2018 in Los Angeles, California. ## Discography
1913 Tulane Olive and Blue football team	# 1913 Tulane Olive and Blue football team ## Abstract The 1913 Tulane Olive and Blue football team was an American football team that represented Tulane University as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SIAA) during the 1913 college football season. In its first year under head coach A. C. Hoffman, Tulane compiled a 3–5 record.
1901 Richfield earthquake	# 1901 Richfield earthquake ## Abstract The 1901 Richfield earthquake was a magnitude M 7.0 earthquake that occurred on 13 November 1901 at approximately 9:39 PM MST at Richfield, Utah, United States. If estimations are accurate, it is the largest earthquake ever recorded in Utah. ## Earthquake The earthquake struck at approximately 9:39 PM MST approximately 1.2 miles (1.9 km) south of Richfield, Utah, United States. Reports of the length of the quake varied from about one minute to three minutes. There were three waves—increasing in power—to the initial quake, and "roaring" or "low rumbling" sounds accompanying the shock waves were reported in Fillmore, Cedar City, and Salt Lake City. The time of the quake is officially recorded by the Intermountain Seismic Belt Historical Earthquake Project (ISBHEP) as 9:39 PM MST. The USGS report gives an official time as 9:32 PM MST. News reports from the time give times ranging from 9:30 PM MST to 10:45 PM MST. ### Magnitude and intensity The quake was recorded by the ISBHEP as a M 6.5 and an intensity of IX (Violent). The official USGS report in their historical earthquakes list stated no magnitude and an intensity of VIII (Severe). An official report published in 1988 assigned a magnitude of M 7 and an intensity of IX (Violent). The quake was felt in an area of 50,000 square miles (130,000 km), including Cedar City (intensity VI), Oasis, and Fillmore. Salt Lake City (with intensity of IV) is considered an "outlying point well outside the boundary of the main felt area." ## Destruction Damage to chimneys, walls, roofs, windows was reported in Richfield, Beaver, Monroe, Joseph, Elsinore, and Marysvale, with minor damage reported in Parowan, Milford, Cedar City, St. George, and Kanab. Surface ruptures up to 300 feet (91 m) in length were reported in Richfield, with water and white sand being ejected from some of the cracks. "Extensive rockslides" were reported between Beaver and Marysvale, especially in the canyons. Damage in Beaver included Beaver Woolen Mills, with an estimated US $4,000 in severe structural damage (approximately US$121,000 in 2020). The roof of the Beaver County courthouse was crushed by chimneys collapsing onto it, and the walls of the building were cracked in over 25 places. Additional reports of lesser damage include a saloon, several merchant buildings, schools and related buildings, and a church building. Merchandise in several stores was also damaged. Minor damage was reported as far away as Salt Lake City, where several landslides were reported in Little Cottonwood, Big Cottonwood, and Bullion Canyon. The landslides almost completely blocked the roads. Surface ruptures and increased river flow were also reported. No people were killed in the quake.
1903–04 Colgate men's basketball team	# 1903–04 Colgate men's basketball team ## Abstract The 1903–04 Colgate Raiders men's basketball team represented Colgate University during the 1903–04 college men's basketball season. The head coach was Ellery Huntington Sr. coaching the Raiders in his fourth season. The team finished with an overall record of 12–5. ## Schedule
Mosaic Klinefelter syndrome	# Mosaic Klinefelter syndrome ## Abstract Mosaic Klinefelter syndrome, also known as Klinefelter syndrome mosaicism 46,XX/47,XXY, is a rare disorder of sex development in which the individual exhibits mosaicism with two different karyotypes (46,XX, typical of normal females, and 47,XXY, typical of males with Klinefelter syndrome) existing in the same body. Effects of the genetic condition may include lowered testosterone due to smaller than normal testicles, leading to little or no sperm count. Additional effects of reduced testosterone may be reduced muscle mass, reduced body and facial hair, and enlarged breast tissue.
1635 in Sweden	# 1635 in Sweden ## Abstract Events from the year 1635 in Sweden ## Incumbents - Monarch – Christina ## Events - The ambassadorial mission of Axel Oxenstierna to Paris: alliance between Sweden and France. - September 12 – The Treaty of Sztumska Wieś is signed between Sweden and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. - Truce of Altmark - Johan Banér becomes the leader of the Swedish army. ## Births - February 18 – Johan Göransson Gyllenstierna, politician (died 1680) ## Deaths
1924 North Carolina gubernatorial election	# 1924 North Carolina gubernatorial election ## Abstract The 1924 North Carolina gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1924. Democratic nominee Angus Wilton McLean defeated Republican nominee Isaac Melson Meekins with 61.33% of the vote. ## Primary elections Primary elections were held on June 7, 1924. ### Democratic primary #### Candidates - Angus Wilton McLean, former member of the War Finance Corporation board - Josiah Bailey, former United States Collector of Internal Revenue for North Carolina ## General election ### Candidates - Angus Wilton McLean, Democratic - Isaac Melson Meekins, Republican
18 de Mayo	# 18 de Mayo ## Abstract 18 de Mayo or Dieciocho de Mayo is a city and municipality in the Canelones Department of Uruguay. ## Establishment After a process of evaluation at departmental level, this municipality was created in 15 March 2013. It includes several towns, belonging until that date to the municipalities of Las Piedras and Progreso, in the old Route 5 area: Villa Alegria, Vista Linda, El Dorado, San Francisco, Villa Cristina, San Isidro, El Dorado Chico and Villa Foresti. Its name commemorates the Battle of Las Piedras, which took place in 1811. There is concern at the political and local level for giving this populous area a city status. ## Government The authority of the municipality is the Municipal Council, composed of the mayor and four councilors. Mayors by period:
1904–05 Hibernian F.C. season	# 1904–05 Hibernian F.C. season ## Abstract During the 1904–05 season Hibernian, a football club based in Edinburgh, finished fifth out of 14 clubs in the Scottish First Division. ## Scottish First Division
1935 Calgary Bronks season	# 1935 Calgary Bronks season ## Abstract The 1935 Calgary Bronks season was the first in franchise history where the team finished in first place in the Alberta Rugby Football Union with a 2–0 division record. The Bronks played in the Western Title game, but lost to the eventual Grey Cup champion, the Winnipegs. ## Regular season
1926–27 Arkansas Razorbacks men's basketball team	# 1926–27 Arkansas Razorbacks men's basketball team ## Abstract The 1926–27 Arkansas Razorbacks men's basketball team represented the University of Arkansas in the 1926–27 college basketball season. The Razorbacks played their home games in Schmidt Gymnasium in Fayetteville, Arkansas. It was Francis Schmidt 's fourth season as head coach of the Hogs and the program's fourth season overall. The Razorbacks won the Southwest Conference regular season championship with a record of 8–2 and 14–2 overall, Arkansas's second of five straight conference titles. The season featured Arkansas's first-ever overtime game, a 23–22 victory over TCU in Fort Worth. Future Arkansas football and basketball coach Glen Rose, Harold Steele, and Tom Pickell were all First-Team All-SWC players for the season. ## Schedule and Results Schedule retrieved from HogStats.com. ## Schedule and Results Schedule retrieved from HogStats.com.
1925 PGA Championship	# 1925 PGA Championship ## Abstract The 1925 PGA Championship was the eighth PGA Championship, held September 21–26 at Olympia Fields Country Club in Olympia Fields, Illinois, a suburb south of Chicago. Then a match play championship, defending champion Walter Hagen defeated Bill Mehlhorn 6 and 5 in the finals on Courses 3 and 4 to win his second consecutive PGA Championship, his third overall, and the seventh of his eleven major titles. The victory ran Hagen's match record at the PGA Championship in the 1920s to 20–1 (.952), falling only to Gene Sarazen in 38 holes in the 1923 finals. With his second consecutive title, his winning streak stood at ten matches. This was the second of four consecutive PGA Championships for Hagen; through 2013, no other player was won more than two consecutive titles. Hagen had close calls in this event; his first round match with low qualifier Al Watrous went to 39 holes and the quarterfinal match with future two-time champion Leo Diegel went to 40 holes after Diegel built an early lead. Hagen defeated Diegel the following year in the finals, then Diegel beat Hagen on the way to his two titles in 1928 and 1929. The four 18-hole courses at Olympia Fields were reduced to two in the 1940s when the club sold half of its property. Course No. 4 became the North course, and the South course is a composite of holes form the other three. ## Format The match play format at the PGA Championship in 1925 called for 12 rounds (216 holes) in six days: - Monday – 36-hole stroke play qualifier top 32 professionals advanced to match play - top 32 professionals advanced to match play - Tuesday – first round – 36 holes - Wednesday – second round – 36 holes - Thursday – quarterfinals – 36 holes - Friday – semifinals – 36 holes - Saturday – final – 36 holes ## Final results Saturday, September 26, 1925
No. 657 Squadron RAF	# No. 657 Squadron RAF ## Abstract No. 657 Squadron RAF was a unit of the Royal Air Force in North Africa, Italy and the Netherlands during the Second World War and afterwards in Germany. Numbers 651 to 663 Squadrons of the RAF were air observation post units working closely with British Army units in artillery spotting and liaison. Their duties and squadron numbers were transferred to the Army with the formation of the Army Air Corps on 1 September 1957. ## History No. 657 Squadron was formed at RAF Ouston on 31 January 1943. It went into action in August of that year, in North Africa. It later served in Italy, the Netherlands and Germany. In November 1945, the squadron returned to the UK and continued to support army units in the South of England until disbanded by being renumbered No. 651 Squadron RAF on 1 November 1955. No. 1900 Independent Air Observation Post Flight was formed within 657 Squadron previously 'A' & 'B' Flights along with No. 1901 Air Observation Post Flight which was formed within 657 previously 'C' Flight. The original squadron's heritage is being taken forward today by No. 657 Squadron AAC of the Joint Special Forces Aviation Wing.
1943–1944 Massachusetts legislature	# 1943–1944 Massachusetts legislature ## Abstract The 153rd Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1943 and 1944.
1875 (disambiguation)	# 1875 (disambiguation) ## Abstract 1875 may refer to: - 1875, a number in the 1000 (number) range ## Time - 1875 A.D. (MDCCCLXXV), a year in the Common Era - 1875 BC, a year in the Before Common Era ## Places - 1875 (1969 QQ) Neruda, the asteroid #1875, see List of minor planets: 1001–2000 ## Other uses - B1875.0, the Besselian epoch in astronomy - Model 1875 (disambiguation)
189th Motorized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)	# 189th Motorized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China) ## Abstract The 189th Division (Chinese: 第189师) was created in January 1949 under the Regulation of the Redesignations of All Organizations and Units of the Army, issued by Central Military Commission on November 1, 1948,basing on the 9th Brigade, 3rd Column of the Jinchaji Military Region. Its history can be traced to the 5th Military Sub-district of Jinchaji Military Region, formed in March 1940. ## History The division was part of the 63rd Corps. Under the flag of the 189th division, it took part in several major battles in the Chinese Civil War. In February 1951 the division entered Korea with the Corps HQ as a part of People's Volunteer Army. During its deployment in Korea, it took part in the Fifth Phase Offensive and the Battle of Cheorwon, during which the division suffered heavy casualties but halted the UN offensive. In January 1953 394th Tank Self-Propelled Artillery Regiment was formed and attached to the division. In October 1953 the division returned from Korea and stationed at Huolu, Hebei, becoming the 189th Infantry Division (Chinese: 步兵第189师) of the National Defense Force. In 1960 the division was renamed as the 189th Army Division (Chinese: 陆军第189师). By then the division was composed of a division HQ and the following: - 565th Infantry Regiment - 566th Infantry Regiment - 567th Infantry Regiment - 394th Tank Self-Propelled Artillery Regiment - 569th Artillery Regiment In 1962 the division was designated as a "Northern" unit, Catalogue A in War-time Structure, making it a "big" division of 12457 personnel. the division was shortly moved to Fujian province for an emergency alert deployment. In May 1966 the division moved to Fengtai, Beijing and joined Beijing Capital District while detaching from the 63rd Army Corps. In December 1969 the division was renamed as the 4th Guards Division (Chinese: 警卫第4师). All its regiments were re-designated as follows: - 10th Guards Regiment (former 565th Infantry Regiment); - 11th Guards Regiment (former 566th Infantry Regiment); - 12th Guards Regiment (former 567th Infantry Regiment); - Armor Regiment (former 394th Tank Self-Propelled Artillery Regiment); - Artillery Regiment (former 569th Artillery Regiment). In October 1976 the division was re-organized as a Motorized Army Division, and an Antiaircraft Artillery Regiment was formed and attached. In January 1979, the 10th, 11th, and 12th Guard Regiments were renamed as the 14th, 15th, and 16th Guard Regiments, respectively. In September 1985 the division was detached from the guard district and re-attached to the now 63rd Army. At the same time, it renamed as the 189th Infantry Division (Chinese: 步兵第189师), and all its regiments were re-designated as follows: - 565th Infantry Regiment (former 14th Guard) - artillery training; - 566th Infantry Regiment (former 15th Guard) - motorized infantry; - 567th Infantry Regiment (former 16th Guard) - anti-aircraft artillery training; - Tank Regiment; - Artillery Regiment; - Anti-aircraft Artillery Regiment. From 1985 to 1998 the division was a Northern Motorized Infantry Division, Catalogue B, meaning all its infantry and tank regiments were composed of 2 instead of 3 maneuver battalions in peacetime. From 1989 its 565th and 567th regiments became motorized infantry regiments, category B. In 1998 the division was reduced and renamed as the 189th Motorized Infantry Brigade (Chinese: 摩托化步兵第189旅). In 2003 the brigade was disbanded along with the Army. This unit is not relevant to the 189th Medium Combined Arms Brigade, which was activated in April 2017.
1982 Murjani WTA Championships	# 1982 Murjani WTA Championships ## Abstract The 1982 Murjani WTA Championships was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Amelia Island Plantation on Amelia Island, Florida in the United States that was part of the 1982 WTA Tour. It was the third edition of the tournament and was held from April 19 through April 25, 1982. First-seeded Chris Evert-Lloyd won the singles title and earned $32,000 first-prize money. ## Finals ### Singles Chris Evert-Lloyd defeated Andrea Jaeger 6–3, 6–1 - It was Evert's 2nd singles title of the year and the 112th of her career. ### Doubles Leslie Allen / Mima Jaušovec defeated Barbara Potter / Sharon Walsh 6–1, 7–5 - It was Allen's 2nd doubles title of the year and the 3rd of her career. It was Jaušovec' 2nd doubles title of the year and the 9th of her career.
1903–04 Challenge Cup	# 1903–04 Challenge Cup ## Abstract The 1903–04 Challenge Cup was the 8th staging of rugby league 's oldest knockout competition, the Challenge Cup. Halifax became the second team to record back-to-back Cup wins but would not reach another final until 1921, nor win the Cup again until 1931. ## Final The final was contested by the Halifax and Warrington clubs at the Willows in Salford on Saturday 30 April 1904, in front of a crowd of 17,041. Halifax retained their title beating Warrington 8–3.
(And The) Pictures in the Sky	# (And The) Pictures in the Sky ## Abstract " (And The) Pictures in the Sky " is a song by the British band, Medicine Head. It was written by band member, John Fiddler. The first hit single for Medicine Head, it was released in 1971 and entered the UK Singles Chart in June, reaching number 22 in July.
1981 John Player League	# 1981 John Player League ## Abstract The 1981 John Player League was the thirteenth competing of what was generally known as the Sunday League. The competition was won for the first time by Essex County Cricket Club.
Dr. Mohammed Khan	# Dr. Mohammed Khan ## Abstract
11th Brigade	# 11th Brigade ## Abstract 11th Brigade may refer to: ## Australia - 11th Brigade (Australia) ## India - 11th Cavalry Brigade (British Indian Army) - 11th Indian Cavalry Brigade - 11th Indian Infantry Brigade ## Japan - 11th Brigade (Japan) ## Russia - 11th Guards Air Assault Brigade ## Spain - XI International Brigade ## United Kingdom - 11th Armoured Brigade (United Kingdom) - 11th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom) - 11th Mounted Brigade (United Kingdom) - 11th Signal Brigade (United Kingdom) - XI Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery ## United States - 11th Infantry Brigade (United States)
Vexillology (deadmau5 album)	# Vexillology (deadmau5 album) ## Abstract Vexillology is the second studio album released by deadmau5. It is one of two deadmau5 albums that did not contain the mau5head brand logo upon original release. The word vexillology is defined as the study of flags and their symbols. ## Track listing All tracks are written by J. Zimmerman
1955 in Laos	# 1955 in Laos ## Abstract The following lists events that happened during 1955 in Laos. ## Incumbents - Monarch: Sisavang Vong - Prime Minister: Katay Don Sasorith ## Events ### January - 28 January The Royal Lao Air Force is established as the Lao Air Force. The Royal Lao Navy is established. - The Royal Lao Air Force is established as the Lao Air Force. - The Royal Lao Navy is established. ### December - 14 December - Laos is admitted to the United Nations under United Nations Security Council Resolution 109. - 25 December - 1955 Laotian parliamentary election
1992 Volvo Women's Open – Doubles	# 1992 Volvo Women's Open – Doubles ## Abstract Nana Miyagi and Suzanna Wibowo were the defending champions, but Wibowo did not compete this year. Miyagi teamed up with Yayuk Basuki and lost in the quarterfinals to Isabelle Demongeot and Natalia Medvedeva. Demongeot and Medvedeva won the title by defeating Pascale Paradis-Mangon and Sandrine Testud 6–1, 6–1 in the final. ## Seeds - Claudia Porwik / Raffaella Reggi-Concato (quarterfinals) - Petra Langrová / Andrea Strnadová (first round) - Catherine Suire / Catherine Tanvier (quarterfinals) - Isabelle Demongeot / Natalia Medvedeva (champions) ## Draw ### Key - Q = Qualifier - WC = Wild card - LL = Lucky loser - Alt = Alternate - SE = Special exempt - PR = Protected ranking - ITF = ITF entry - JE = Junior exempt - w/o = Walkover - r = Retired - d = Defaulted - SR = Special ranking
2020–21 Dreams F.C. (Ghana) season	# 2020–21 Dreams F.C. (Ghana) season ## Abstract
'Cause I Have You	# 'Cause I Have You ## Abstract " ' Cause I Have You " is a song written and recorded by American country artist Wynn Stewart. It was released as a single in 1967 and became a major hit the same year. ## Background and release " ' Cause I Have You" was recorded on February 9, 1965 at the Capitol Recording Studio, located in Hollywood, California. The session was produced by Ken Nelson, Stewart's producer at Capitol Records. Four additional tracks were recorded during the same session, including the single "Sha-Marie." Stewart had recently signed with Capitol Records, after first being dropped by the label in the 1950s. He had first number one single on the label, " It's Such a Pretty World Today." " ' Cause I Have You" was released as a single on Capitol Records in June 1967. It was his fourth single release with the label. The single spent 16 weeks on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart before becoming a top ten hit, peaking at number nine in September. " ' Cause I Have You" was Stewart's third top ten hit single in his career and his fifth major hit altogether. Over the next several years, Stewart would have further major hits for Capitol Records. ## Track listing 7" vinyl single - " ' Cause I Have You" – 2:32 - "That's the Only Way to Cry" – 2:24 - Written by Cliff Massey
Viceroy and Governor-General of India	# Viceroy and Governor-General of India ## Abstract - REDIRECT Governor-General of India
1973 Cincinnati Bearcats football team	# 1973 Cincinnati Bearcats football team ## Abstract The 1973 Cincinnati Bearcats football team represented the University of Cincinnati as an independent during 1973 NCAA Division I football season. Led by first-year head coach Tony Mason, the Bearcats compiled a record of 4–7. ## Schedule ## Game films - 1973 Cincinnati - Miami (Oh) Football Game Film, Reel 1 - 1973 Cincinnati - Miami (Oh) Football Game Film, Reel 2 - 1973 Cincinnati - Miami (Oh) Football Game Film, Reel 3 - 1973 Cincinnati - Miami (Oh) Football Game Film, Reel 4
Seven Seals (album)	# Seven Seals (album) ## Abstract Seven Seals is the sixth album by the German power metal band Primal Fear, released on 15 October 2005. It is the first album with artwork which does not contain a scene depicting their bird-of-prey mascot, but instead a logo based upon it (a burning version of which is also seen on their next studio album New Religion). It is also the first album recorded in Standard D Tuning. A music video was made for "Seven Seals". ## Album concept The album is about the battle between Heaven and Hell and how angels and demons will be affected by it. The song "Evil Spell" tries to explain that not all demons are evil creatures, but they "live under evil spells". The song "Seven Seals" is speaking of the Seven Seals broken in the Book of Revelation. The Fourth Seal is The Pale Horse whose rider is named Death "and Hell followed with Him". ## Track listing All songs written by Mat Sinner, Stefan Leibing, Tom Naumann and Ralf Scheepers, except where noted. ## Personnel - Ralf Scheepers – lead vocal - Stefan Leibing – guitars, keyboards - Tom Naumann – guitars - Mat Sinner – bass guitar, backing vocal - Randy Black – drums Additional Musicians - Matz Ulmer – keyboards, string arrangements ## Production - Mat Sinner – producer - Charlie Bauerfeind – producer, engineering - Mike Cashin – mixing (additional) - Nikolai Wurk – engineering (additional) - Mike Fraser – mixing - Achim "Akeem" Köhler – mastering - Paul Silveira – engineering (additional) - Katja Piolka – photography, layout, design - Martin Häusler – cover art
10R	# 10R ## Abstract 10R may refer to: - 10R, one of the standard photographic print sizes - Beneteau First 10R, a French sailboat design - Kawasaki Ninja ZX-10R, a Kawasaki sport motorcycle - iPhone XR, with the Roman numeral X.
1971 in Iran	# 1971 in Iran ## Abstract Events from the year 1971 in Iran. ## Incumbents - Shah: Mohammad Reza Pahlavi - Prime Minister: Amir-Abbas Hoveida ## Events - 2 February: Ramsar Convention - 8 February: Siahkal incident - 9 July: 1971 Iranian legislative election - 12–16 October: 2,500 year celebration of the Persian Empire - 30 November: Abu Musa and the Greater and Lesser Tunbs conflict ## Births - 12 June – Arman Alizad, tailor, columnist and TV personality - 28 July – Mansour - 10 November – Niki Karimi - Mojtaba Mirtahmasb
1901 SAFA Grand Final	# 1901 SAFA Grand Final ## Abstract The 1901 SAFA Grand Final was the concluding championship match of the 1901 SAFA season. The game resulted in a victory for Norwood who beat Port Adelaide by four points.
Welcome to the Jungle (2024 film)	# Welcome to the Jungle (2024 film) ## Abstract Welcome to the Jungle is an upcoming Hindi language action adventure comedy film directed by Ahmed Khan and produced by Firoz Nadiadwala. It is a standalone sequel to Welcome (2007) and Welcome Back (2015), and the third installment of the Welcome franchise. The film stars an ensemble cast featuring Akshay Kumar, Sanjay Dutt, Suniel Shetty, Arshad Warsi, Tusshar Kapoor, Shreyas Talpade, Paresh Rawal, Raveena Tandon, Lara Dutta, Jacqueline Fernandez and Disha Patani in lead roles. The film was announced in August 2023 while a motion poster was released in September 2023. Principal photography began in December 2023, and it is scheduled for theatrical release on 20 December 2024. ## Cast - Akshay Kumar as Rajeev - Sanjay Dutt - Suniel Shetty - Arshad Warsi as Romeo - Paresh Rawal as Ghungroo - Raveena Tandon - Lara Dutta - Jacqueline Fernandez - Disha Patani - Shreyas Talpade - Tusshar Kapoor - Johnny Lever - Rajpal Yadav - Sharib Hashmi - Yashpal Sharma - Mukesh Tiwari - Krushna Abhishek - Kiku Sharda - Daler Mehndi - Mika Singh - Rahul Dev - Inaamulhaq - Zakir Hussain - Farida Jalal - Vrihi Kodvara ## Production ### Development Development on Welcome 3 began in September 2022 after years of speculations. In December 2022, producer Firoz Nadiadwala disclosed that it would be retitled Welcome to the Jungle. Promised to be made on a huge scale, it was officially announced in August 2023 with the release date set for Christmas 2024. ### Casting Ahmed Khan was signed as director. Akshay Kumar agreed to return for the franchise after his absence in Welcome Back (2015), and he was joined by Sanjay Dutt and Arshad Warsi in February 2023. Suniel Shetty, Shreyas Talpade, Tusshar Kapoor and Paresh Rawal also came on board. Raveena Tandon, Lara Dutta, Jacqueline Fernandez and Disha Patani play the female leads. The entire cast was finalized in September 2023. ### Filming Principal photography commenced on 13 December 2023 in Mumbai. ## Release The film is scheduled to be theatrically released on 20 December 2024. ## Marketing The first look of the poster of the film was launched in September 2023. On 9 September 2023, Akshay Kumar released the first look poster of Welcome to the Jungle on social media, featuring Akshay Kumar, Suniel Shetty, Sanjay Dutt, Arshad Warsi, Paresh Rawal, Tusshar Kapoor, Shreyas Talpade, Jacqueline Fernandez, Disha Patani, Raveena Tandon, and Lara Dutta.
'Cause You Are Young	# 'Cause You Are Young ## Abstract " Cause You Are Young " (in Spanish: Porque eres joven) is the second single from the debut album by C.C. Catch, released in February 1986. The song was composed, arranged, and produced by the German Dieter Bohlen. It was included in the album Catch the Catch, released in 1986. ## Singles - Cause You Are Young - 3:30 - One Night's Not Enough - 3:22 12" Maxi single Hansa 602 144, 1986 - Cause You Are Young (Maxi Version) - 4:55 - One Night's Not Enough (Maxi Version) - 5:17 ## Credits - Lyrics and music — Dieter Bohlen - Arrangements — Dieter Bohlen - Production — Dieter Bohlen - Design — Vormstein/Kortemeier - Art direction — Manfred Vormstein - Photography — Günter W. Kienitz - Distribution — Ariola Group
1578 Kirkwood	# 1578 Kirkwood ## Abstract 1578 Kirkwood, provisional designation 1951 AT, is a Hilda asteroid from the outermost regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 52 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 10 January 1951, by astronomers of the Indiana Asteroid Program at Goethe Link Observatory in Indiana, United States. The asteroid was named after American astronomer Daniel Kirkwood. ## Orbit and classification Kirkwood belongs to the orbital Hilda group, which is located outermost part of the main belt. Asteroids in this dynamical group have semi-major axis between 3.7 and 4.2 AU and stay in a 3:2 resonance with the gas giant Jupiter. Kirkwood, however, is a background asteroid and not a member of the (collisional) Hilda family (101). It orbits the Sun at a distance of 3.0–4.9 AU once every 7 years and 9 months (2,839 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.24 and an inclination of 1 ° with respect to the ecliptic. The asteroid was first observed as 1944 DF at Turku Observatory in February 1944. The body's observation arc begins with its observation as 1949 TF at Heidelberg Observatory in October 1949, fifteen months prior to its official discovery observation at Goethe Link. ## Physical characteristics In the Tholen classification, Kirkwood is a dark D-type asteroid. It is also characterized as a D-type by PanSTARRS photometric survey. ### Rotation period In October 2012, a rotational lightcurve of Kirkwood was obtained from photometric observations at the Etscorn Campus Observatory (719) in New Mexico, United States. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 12.518 hours with a brightness variation of 0.05 magnitude (U=2). Another lightcurve gave a period of 17.9 hours and an amplitude of 0.22 magnitude (U=2). ### Diameter and albedo According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite, the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer and the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, Kirkwood measures between 47.077 and 57.14 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.044 and 0.063. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0517 and a diameter of 51.88 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.26. ## Naming This minor planet was named in memory of American astronomer Daniel Kirkwood (1814–1895), long-time professor of mathematics at Indiana University. He discovered the Kirkwood gaps, which are gaps in the distribution of the mean distances of the minor planets in the asteroid belt. Kirkwood was the Indiana Asteroid Program 's first numbered discovery. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center in March 1952 (M.P.C. 738). The lunar crater Kirkwood was also named in the astronomer's honor.
1968 French Covered Court Championships	# 1968 French Covered Court Championships ## Abstract The 1968 French Covered Court Championships was a tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts. It was the last edition of the French Covered Court Championships before it was taken over by the Paris Open. It took place at the Palais omnisports de Paris-Bercy in Paris, France, and was held from 12 February through 18 February 1968. Milan Holeček and Nell Truman won the singles titles. ## Finals ### Men's singles Milan Holeček defeated Bob Carmichael 6–4, 10–8, 3–6, 6–3 ### Women's singles Nell Truman defeated Évelyne Terras 6–4, 6–1 ### Men's doubles Patrice Beust / Daniel Contet defeated Bob Carmichael / Ismail El Shafei 3–6, 10–8, 6–2, 19–17 ### Women's doubles Rosie Reyes / Monique Salfati defeated Janine Lieffrig / Johanne Venturino 3–6, 6–0, 6–3 ### Mixed doubles Gerald Battrick / Nell Truman defeated Jean-Pierre Courcol / Évelyne Terras 6–2, 1–6, 6–3
Puritan tiger beetle	# Puritan tiger beetle ## Abstract Puritan tiger beetle may refer to: - Cicindela puritana, a synonym for Ellipsoptera puritana - Ellipsoptera puritana
1874–75 Scottish Districts season	# 1874–75 Scottish Districts season ## Abstract The 1874–75 Scottish Districts season is a record of all the rugby union matches for Scotland's district teams. It includes the Inter-City fixtures between Glasgow District and Edinburgh District. ## History The matches here remain 20 – a – side. These matches, with more players on the park, made it harder to score. In addition, scoring a try did not count for points. The try gave you an attempt to get a score by means of the conversion; if the conversion was missed then it did not benefit the try scoring team. It was only goals that mattered. Both inter-city matches this season show just how difficult it was to score when the teams were 20-a-side. The February 1875 match was the fourth draw in succession, although the North British Mail noted that Glasgow District had the best of the Inter-City match. It was noted that the 1875 match was played in two halves lasting 50 minutes each. ## Results ### Inter-City Glasgow District: William Davie Brown, James Stewart Carrick (both Glasgow Academicals) Malcolm Cross (Glasgow Academicals), William Hamilton Kidston (West of Scotland) James Howe McClure, George Buchanan McClure (both West of Scotland), John Kennedy Tod (Glasgow Academicals) Gilbert Heron, Charles Chalmers Bryce, Allan Arthur, Henry William Allan, George Raphael Fleming (all Glasgow Academicals), Tom Paterson Neilson, John Alexander Neilson, J.S. Kennedy, Preston (West of Scotland) C.E. McArthur, Henry Melville Napier, W.B. Russell, J. Hutchison (Glasgow University) Edinburgh District: W. Blackwood (Edinburgh Academicals), G. F. Raynor (Royal HSFP), N. Finlay (Edinburgh Academicals), R. Johnston (Warriston), T. Bell (Edinburgh Academicals), George Paterson (Warriston), T. L. Knott (Royal HSFP), J. Finlay (Edinburgh Academicals), R. Duncan (Edinburgh Academicals), Arthur Marshall (Edinburgh Academicals), Gussie Graham (Edinburgh Academicals), C. Hawkins (Edinburgh Wanderers), J. Reid (Edinburgh Wanderers), N. T. Brown (Institution), A. G. Petrie (Royal HSFP), A. Wood (Royal HSFP), S. McDonald (Warriston), Connell (Edinburgh University), T. Spens (Edinburgh University), C. Villar (Warriston) Edinburgh District: R. Johnstone (Warriston), G. F. Raynor (Royal HSFP), N. J. Finlay (Edinburgh Academicals), J. Montgomery (Edinburgh Wanderers), L. Aitken (Edinburgh Academicals), W. Connell (Edinburgh Wanderers), George Paterson (Warriston), Bulldog Irvine (Edinburgh Academicals), J. Mein (Edinburgh Academicals), R. Duncan (Edinburgh Academicals), Arthur Marshall (Edinburgh Academicals), J. G. Petrie (Royal HSFP), A. Wood (Royal HSFP), James Robertson (Royal HSFP), J. Reid (Edinburgh Wanderers), C. Hawkins (Edinburgh Wanderers), C. Villar (Warriston), Nat Brewis (Edinburgh Institution F.P.), W. Forsyth (Edinburgh University), Gussie Graham (Edinburgh Academicals) Glasgow District: J. S. Carrick (Glasgow Academicals), T. Chalmers (Glasgow Academicals), M. Cross (Glasgow Academicals), D. M. Brunton (Glasgow University), J. K. Tod (Glasgow Academicals), J. H. McClure (West of Scotland), G. R. McClure (West of Scotland), G. Heron, Allan Arthur, G. Fleming, J.S. Tod, A. Arwell, S. Smith, H. Allen, J. H. Dunlop, F. McRae, W. S. Brown (all Glasgow Academicals), W. R. Russell, J. Cochrane (both West of Scotland), J. Hutchinson (Glasgow University) ### Other Scottish matches No other District matches played. ### English matches No other District matches played. ### International matches No touring matches this season.
1931–32 Madrid FC season	# 1931–32 Madrid FC season ## Abstract The 1931–32 season was Madrid Football Club 's 30th season in existence, and their 4th consecutive season in the Primera División. The club also played in the Campeonato Mancomunado Centro-Aragón (Central-Aragon Joint Championship) and the Copa del Rey. The establishment of the Second Spanish Republic in April 1931 caused Real Madrid Club de Fútbol to lose the title "Real" and the royal crown from their crest and badge, and Real Madrid went back to being named Madrid Football Club. Madrid FC secured their first Primera División title, finishing the league unbeaten. ## Friendlies ## Competitions ### Overview Source: Competitions ### La Liga #### League table #### Matches ### Campeonato Mancomunado Centro-Aragón #### Matches ### Copa del Rey #### Round of 16
Eric Roux	# Eric Roux ## Abstract Eric Roux is a French author and a leader of the Church of Scientology of France and Europe. ## Life ### Scientology Roux is the President of the Union of the Churches of Scientology of France. He was appointed vice-president of the European Office of the Church of Scientology for Public Affairs and Human Rights in May 2017. He has been the spokesperson of the Church in France and Belgium, specifically during the 2015-2016 trial. Roux has represented the Church of Scientology at the OSCE. ### Books - France 2012: Inquisition en bande organisée. Les Trois Génies, 2012 ISBN 978-2917952108. - Tout Savoir sur la Scientologie. Collection Mystères et Religions, Pierre-Guillaume de Roux, 2018 ISBN 978-2363712349.
1875 Armagh City by-election	# 1875 Armagh City by-election ## Abstract The 1875 Armagh City by-election was held on 18 October 1875. The by-election was fought due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, John Vance. It was won by the Conservative candidate George Beresford.
10th meridian east	# 10th meridian east ## Abstract The meridian 10° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Europe, Africa, the Atlantic Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole. The 10th meridian east forms a great circle with the 170th meridian west. ## From pole to pole Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 10th meridian east passes through: ## Usage In some world maps, the 10th Meridian East is used the centre (instead of Greenwich), to avoid cutting off the tip of Asia.
1949 New Zealand gambling referendum	# 1949 New Zealand gambling referendum ## Abstract A referendum on gambling was held in New Zealand on 9 March 1949. Voters were asked whether off-course betting on horse races should be allowed. It was approved, with 68% in favour. Voter turnout was 54%. The referendum was held in conjunction with the 1949 New Zealand licensing hours referendum.
"Civilized" Sexual Morality and Modern Nervous Illness	# "Civilized" Sexual Morality and Modern Nervous Illness ## Abstract "Civilized" Sexual Morality and Modern Nervous Illness (German: Die „kulturelle“ Sexualmoral und die moderne Nervosität) is an article published by Sigmund Freud in 1908, in the journal Sexual-Probleme ("Sexual Problems"). Referencing Christian von Ehrenfels ' distinction between cultural and natural sexual morality, Freud explains the etiological significance of cultural sexual morality as a reason for neurosis. At the beginning, Freud states that cultural sexual mores impose constraints on the individual, which can cause damage to the person, which in turn threatens the culture as a whole. While von Ehrenfels argues primarily on the basis of Social Darwinism, saying social sexual morality may prevent male sexual selection in reproduction, Freud focuses on the consequences of socially-imposed repression of the sexual instinct as a cause of neurosis. Culture is based on renunciation of drives. There is therefore a tension between a person's body, which seeks fulfilment of drives, and the demands of culture to renounce desire. Those who cannot conform to these requirements imposed by society are either viewed as criminals and perverts - if they cannot fulfil society's demand for renunciation - or escape into neurosis when the drives are suppressed to such an extent that neurotic substitute pleasures are developed in their stead. Neurosis is thus the negative counterpart of perversion, "because they have the same appetites as the positive perverts in a 'repressed' state." Freud said that the "perverse" part of the libido is caused by a disturbance in development. The libido was originally meant for deriving pleasure, not only at the genitals but also at other erogenous zones; but education has the purpose of limiting autoeroticism and directing love towards objects other than oneself, finally achieving the "primacy of genitals put into the service of procreation". Thus Freud was one of the first people who said that sexuality by itself does not generate any internal conflict, and explained that the conflict arises only through interaction with the outside world, with its social norms and its expectation of repression of instincts, which leads to disease (repression thesis). The suppressed perverse drives are ideally channeled through sublimation and harnessed for cultural work. The sex drive in humans is aperiodic and is divorced from reproduction. Therefore, it can be metonymically shifted and applied to other areas. Thus, culture benefits to a great extent - and is even dependent - on sexual energy that is redirected through sublimation. Therefore, Freud concluded that a complete renunciation of the sex drive is detrimental to culture. Abstinence only produces "brave weaklings", but not great thinkers with bold ideas. Freud thus describes the dilemma of culture, which simultaneously calls for renunciation while still needing the sexual instinct to preserve itself. The repression model that imposes cultural sexual morality should therefore be abandoned in favor of a sublimation, displacement, and distribution model of sexual energies.
1866 New Zealand general election	# 1866 New Zealand general election ## Abstract The 1866 New Zealand general election was held between 12 February and 6 April to elect 70 MPs to the fourth term of the New Zealand Parliament. In 1867 four Māori electorates were created, initially as a temporary measure for five years. The first Māori elections for these seats were held in 1868, with universal suffrage for Māori males over 21. The first four Māori members of parliament were Tareha Te Moananui (Eastern Maori), Frederick Nene Russell (Northern Maori) and John Patterson (Southern Maori), who all retired in 1870; and Mete Kīngi Paetahi (Western Maori) who was defeated in 1871. ## Results Moorhouse was elected in both the Mount Herbert and Westland electorates. He chose to represent Westland.
1960–61 Cypriot Second Division	# 1960–61 Cypriot Second Division ## Abstract The 1960–61 Cypriot Second Division was the seventh season of the Cypriot second-level football league. Enosis Agion Omologiton won their 1st title. ## Format Nine teams participated in the 1960–61 Cypriot Second Division. The league was split to two geographical groups, depending from Districts of Cyprus each participated team came from. All teams of a group played against each other twice, once at their home and once away. The team with the most points at the end of the season crowned group champions. The winners of each group were playing against each other in the final phase of the competition and the winner were the champions of the Second Division. Teams received three points for a win, two points for a draw and one point for a loss. ## Nicosia-Keryneia-Famagusta Group Participating teams: Enosis Agion Omologiton, AEK Ammochostos, Othellos Famagusta and PAEEK FC. Group champions was Enosis Agion Omologiton. ## Limassol-Larnaca-Paphos Group Participating teams: Amathus Limassol, APOP Paphos FC, Panellinios Limassol, Ethnikos Asteras Limassol and Anagennisi Larnacas. Group champions was Panellinios Limassol. ## Champions Playoff - Panellinios Limassol 5–6 Enosis Agion Omologiton - Enosis Agion Omologiton 3–2 Panellinios Limassol
10th electoral unit of the House of Representatives of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina	# 10th electoral unit of the House of Representatives of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina ## Abstract The tenth electoral unit of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is a parliamentary constituency used to elect members to the House of Representatives of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina since 2000. It consists of West Herzegovina Canton. ## Demographics ## Representatives
Pen-y-garreg	# Pen-y-garreg ## Abstract - REDIREDCT Elan Valley Reservoirs
1966 Toledo Rockets football team	# 1966 Toledo Rockets football team ## Abstract The 1966 Toledo Rockets football team was an American football team that represented Toledo University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1966 NCAA University Division football season. In their fourth season under head coach Frank Lauterbur, the Rockets compiled a 2–7–1 record (1–5 against MAC opponents), tied for sixth place in the MAC, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 162 to 137. The team's statistical leaders included John Schneider with 1,537 passing yards, Roland Moss with 443 rushing yards and 38 points scored, and Henry Burch with 480 receiving yards.
1918 Campeonato Paulista	# 1918 Campeonato Paulista ## Abstract The 1918 Campeonato Paulista, organized by the APEA (Associação Paulista de Esportes Atléticos), was the 17th season of São Paulo 's top association football league. After the sixth round, Palestra Itália abandoned the championship in protest against the refereeing in their match against Paulistano. Then, the championship was interrupted in October, when the Spanish flu hit Brazil, and did not resume until December. As a result, multiple matches that did not have any bearing on deciding the title were cancelled and the championship only ended in January 1919. Paulistano won the title for the 6th time. The top scorer was Paulistano 's Arthur Friedenreich, with 25 goals. ## System The championship was disputed in a double-round robin system, with the team with the most points winning the title. ## Championship
1889 Monaro colonial by-election	# 1889 Monaro colonial by-election ## Abstract A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Monaro on 17 December 1889 because of the death of Harold Stephen (Protectionist). ## Candidates - David Myers was a solicitor from Bombala who had been unsuccessful at the election in January 1889 by a margin of 262 votes (8.4%). - Gus Miller was a journalist and the proprietor of the Cooma Express. ## Result
1965 Major League Baseball draft	# 1965 Major League Baseball draft ## Abstract The 1965 Major League Baseball draft is the first year in which a draft took place for Major League Baseball. It was held on June 8–9 in New York City. In Major League Baseball's first Free Agent Amateur Draft, the Kansas City Athletics selected Arizona State sophomore Rick Monday as the number one pick. Kansas City also chose ten future major leaguers, including Sal Bando (6th round) and Gene Tenace (20th round), building the base for the Oakland Athletics ' championship teams of the early 1970s. A total of 813 players were selected. Some of the more significant picks were catcher Johnny Bench by the Cincinnati Reds in the second round, pitcher Nolan Ryan by the New York Mets in the twelfth round, and infielder Graig Nettles by the Minnesota Twins in the fourth round. The first player to reach the majors was pitcher Joe Coleman, the Washington Senators ' first pick and third pick overall. Future Hall of Famer Tom Seaver was selected by the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 10th round but did not sign and returned to the University of Southern California campus. ## Post-first round selections The list of later selections is limited to those who have made at least one major league appearance.
St Mary's primary school, Bathgate	# St Mary's primary school, Bathgate ## Abstract St Mary's primary school, Bathgate, is a Roman Catholic Primary school in Bathgate, Scotland. St. Mary's Primary is a Roman Catholic primary school situated in the centre of Bathgate, West Lothain. The school was opened in 1958 and there is provision for classes from Primary One to Primary Seven. In 2022, the £1.2 million St Mary's nursery class opened to serve nursery age children in Bathgate.
1959 Tasmanian state election	# 1959 Tasmanian state election ## Abstract The 1959 Tasmanian state election was held on 2 May 1959 in the Australian state of Tasmania to elect 35 members of the Tasmanian House of Assembly. The number of members were increased from this election from 30 to 35. The election used the Hare-Clark proportional representation system — seven members were elected from each of five electorates. The two previous elections had resulted in a parliamentary deadlock due to an even number of seats (30) in the House of Assembly. Prior to the 1959 election, the number of seats was increased to 35. Robert Cosgrove had retired as Premier of Tasmania, and had been replaced by Eric Reece on 26 August 1958. ## Results The Labor Party won the most seats in the newly expanded House of Assembly, but not enough to govern in a majority as two seats were won by Independents. The 1959 election was the last occasion in which an ungrouped independent (Bill Wedd) won a seat in Tasmania. Former Labor Treasurer Dr Reg Turnbull won two quotas in his own right as an independent in Bass, representing 5.64% of the statewide result. ## Distribution of votes ### Distribution of seats
CVAR	# CVAR ## Abstract CVAR and ConVar are abbreviations for Console Variable. Depending on the context in which the term is found, it may also stand for Client Variable, or Configuration Variable. This is a type of variable used in many computer games and computer 3D simulation engines that can be manipulated by a text based command line interface within the game or engine, often called a console. They commonly hold configuration parameters, but can be used for anything that may potentially be accessed and/or modified by the console. The most common usage of CVARs is by server operators to customize their online game servers.
Super Mutant	# Super Mutant ## Abstract Super Mutants are a fictional race of posthuman beings from the post-apocalyptic Fallout video game franchise. The Super Mutants were first introduced in 1997's Fallout as the results of human experimentation with a strain of the Forced Evolutionary Virus (FEV), a genetically engineered viral mutagen which transforms the subjects into a hulking monstrous humanoid form. Within series lore, Super Mutants tend to be depicted as savage and innately violent beings who, as a result of their transformations, lost a substantial amount of intelligence and often have cannibalistic tendencies. While Super Mutants tend to form their own factions or societies and are usually hostile to civilized humans, some have chosen to live peacefully alongside humans in settlements across the post-apocalyptic wasteland. Among the most recognizable and integral elements of the Fallout intellectual property (IP), Super Mutants have appeared in every media of the franchise, and have been the subject of numerous fan mods of Fallout series games. Certain individual Super Mutant characters have been well received by critics for their characterization, although the role the Super Mutant race have played throughout the history of the franchise have been the source of contention for some commentators. ## Characteristics Super Mutants are first introduced in the first Fallout as part of an ambitious effort by a grotesque mutated being known as "The Master of the Super Mutants", to create a single, perfect " master race " and remove inequalities which have been the cause of strife among humans. The FEV, an artificially-created virus by a defense contractor and research corporation contracted by the American government, was originally meant to protect against various forms of biological warfare. Subsequent games in the Fallout series feature other antagonistic factions that employ different strains of the FEV to create Super Mutants. For example, Vault Tec, the technology company which built the nuclear fallout shelter facilities called Vaults, deliberately exposed the occupants of Vault 87 to a modified strain of the FEV as part of an unethical experiment called the Evolutionary Experimentation Program. The Institute, an elusive faction of scientists in Fallout 4, kidnap the inhabitants of the surrounding region and subject their victims to another strain of FEV for experimentation. The physiology of a Super Mutant is very different compared to ordinary humans; the most immediately noticeable effects are their immense size and strength, their different skin color, and their immunity to radiation damage. A standard Super Mutant's skin tone is usually green or yellow and stands approximately 10.4 feet tall, 7.8 feet when hunching, and weighs around 800 pounds. The Nightkin, an elite Super Mutant caste, have gray-blue colored skin and largely retain their pre-existing intellect unlike their lesser brethren. They are often equipped with cloaking devices known as "Stealth Boys" and developed schizophrenia from prolonged use. Other varieties of Super Mutants encountered in Fallout 3 and Fallout 4 grow much larger when they age. An immensely large variety first introduced in Fallout 3, the Behemoth, stands at roughly 20 feet tall and can grow up to 30 feet in height. In comparison to the series' other notable mutated beings like ghouls, Super Mutants are very formidable opponents in combat. Behemoths in particular are capable of overpowering opponents like Deathclaws and hordes of Feral Ghouls with little difficulty, and are unexpectedly nimble for their size. In spite of their physically impressive qualities, Super Mutants are sterile and cannot reproduce as the gametes of the reproductive system consist of "half-cells" using split DNA, which could be perceived as "damage" by the FEV, and in the attempt to "repair" them, it would render the subject infertile. ## Development According to producer Tim Cain, the Fallout development team conceived of a faction of mutants who grow their ranks by dipping people into virus vats. During the discussion, a team member wondered what would happen if more than one person was dropped into the vat. The team decided to conceptualize such a being as the "Master of the Super Mutants", who would switch between three voices: male, female, and electronic. The Master's birth surname, Moreau, references the titular mad scientist of the 1896 novel The Island of Doctor Moreau by H. G. Wells, who leads a group of genetically altered beings he has created through unethical experiments. Concept artist Adam Adamowicz was responsible for conceptualizing the Fallout 3 iteration of the Super Mutant, in particular the Behemoth variant. In a 2008 developmental diary titled "Conceptual Design", Adamowicz said he was inspired by a line of dialogue from the 1974 film Blazing Saddles about the dim-witted but strong and tough character Mongo. Adamowicz wanted the game's Super Mutants to look like "they would step into a tree shredder, for relaxation.". He described their musculature to be straining at the bone structure underneath, evoking a caricature of a person with well developed muscles "in the throes of radioactive testosterone poisoning, and liking it". The armor and equipment used by the Super Mutants of Fallout 3 are predominantly based on salvaged material, such as car hoods and fenders crudely pounded into chest plates and pauldrons, and lawn mower blades welded onto helmets. The idea behind this design approach is to show recognizable real world elements being twisted to a more violent purpose, which conveys a sinister resourcefulness by these creatures to survive in a highly dangerous post-apocalyptic world. Adamowicz noted that his “ junkyard wars ” approach to designing the Super Mutants' armor and weapons inspired a number outlandish designs for homemade weapons, with some of them implemented in the final game. Adamowicz incorporated numerous visual gags into the character design for the Behemoths; examples given include their wielding of parking meters as if they are police batons and carrying their victims bound by shopping carts on their backs, which they will occasionally consume when they get hungry. Obsidian Entertainment, the developers of Fallout: New Vegas, initially considered allowing players the opportunity to play as a ghoul or a Super Mutant for their protagonist in New Vegas. The team faced technical limitations as New Vegas shared the same engine as Fallout 3, and the developers realized that the game engine's equipment system would not work properly for player characters which use non-human character models after Bethesda provided advice discouraging the addition of the proposed feature. Modiphius founder Chris Birch said the inclusion of Super Mutants as a playable race in the officially licensed Fallout tabletop roleplaying game, developed by his company, to be part of their design decision to make the game "authentically Fallout ". ## Appearances Super Mutants have appeared in every Fallout video game as both hostile antagonists and supporting non-player characters, beginning with 1997's Fallout which takes place after a global nuclear war had destroyed most of human civilization a century earlier. Information about how the "Master of Super Mutants" raised an army of Super Mutants is picked up throughout gameplay prior to the player's final confrontation with the character in the cathedral. The Master was originally a human named Richard Moreau who was exiled from Vault City as a murder suspect. He changed his surname to Grey and migrated to a merchant town called the Hub, where he became a physician. Grey met a trader named Harold in 2102, and they formed a joint expedition to discover the source of the mutant attacks on Harold's caravans. This led them to Mariposa Military Base, where the expedition group is overwhelmed by mutant forces. Grey is knocked into a vat of the Forced Evolutionary Virus (F.E.V.), which mutated him into a blob-like creature that expanded himself by absorbing other humans. After a month of simmering, Grey crawled out of the vat and installed himself inside a vault. Driven insane and severely mutated, he decided that humanity was inept and had to be replaced by a master race. Through his experimentations on humans with the F.E.V., the Master managed to create a race of virtually immortal monsters that were immune to disease and radiation. Deeming Super Mutants to be the superior race, the Master went on a campaign to replace all the humans with the Super Mutants by infecting them with the virus. To accomplish this, the Master created a cult called the Children of the Cathedral as a front for his campaign, using aliases such as the "Holy Flame" or "Father Hope" when dealing with his followers. When the player engages the Master near the end of the game, they can confront the Master with a number of different skills and approaches. The player can enter combat with the Master and his Super Mutant allies. The player can also convince the Master to abandon his plans by revealing to him that Super Mutants are sterile, a revelation that causes the Master to commit suicide. Skipping the confrontation entirely, the player can sneak into his chambers and find a hidden nuclear arsenal that can blow up the cathedral, killing the Master and his Super Mutant associates. The player also has the option of joining the Master's campaign, which will lead to a bad ending in which Vault 13 is raided by Super Mutants. Following the death of the Master in the canonical ending of the original Fallout, the Super Mutant remnants of his organization are hunted by the Brotherhood of Steel, who would label them " Frankenstein's Monsters " as a derogatory term. Survivors scatter from their base of operations beneath a cathedral and go their separate ways to find a new purpose: many resort to becoming raiders and resume their violent ways against baseline humanity, while some individuals congregate together in non-violent communities and attempt to live in peace with humans and ghouls. Players could recruit Super Mutant characters as traveling companions or allies in the sequel to 1997's Fallout. Noteworthy companion characters throughout the series include Marcus in Fallout 2, Fawkes in Fallout 3, Lily Bowen in Fallout: New Vegas, and Strong in Fallout 4. Super Mutants are available as a playable race in the Fallout tabletop roleplaying game released in 2021. Super Mutants make a brief appearance in the 2024 American post-apocalyptic drama television series Fallout. ## Promotion and reception Super Mutants are a recognizable element of the Fallout franchise. Some characters are particularly popular with players. Fawkes from Fallout 3 was among the top-voted characters in a RPG character poll organized by Justin Davis and Lucas Thomas of IGN in 2014. Super Mutant characters and their physiology are also the subject of popular works derived from fan labor, such as mods, music videos and fan films. They have been featured as part of a range of Fallout -themed Funko Pop toys. On the other hand, the portrayal of Super Mutants following the transition of the series' ownership to Bethesda have been a source of contention for some fans. Story elements introduced in Fallout 3 contradicted lore in the first Fallout, developed by series creators Interplay Entertainment, which established that Super Mutants were originally created by the Master in 2103, while the Vault 87 FEV experiment took place in 2078. In a report about the Fallout fansite, No Mutants Allowed, Luke Winkie from Kotaku highlighted criticism from community members about the creative and design decisions in video games developed by Bethesda Game Studios: one aspect of contention involved the ubiquity of Super Mutants as ordinary "mob bad guys" in the early game levels of Fallout 3, which departed from the perspective of escalation presented in the original games' stories, gameplay mechanics and setting. The presence of Super Mutants in Fallout 76 also proved to be a controversial retcon with series fandom, as the game established that its iteration of Super Mutants is native to the region and thus unrelated to the Super Mutants in previous games. Commenting on Adamowicz's developer diary post in 2008, Joseph Leray from Destructoid praised the creative vision and art style for the Super Mutants of Fallout 3 as "delightfully twisted", and said these aesthetic elements were key ingredients "that makes post-apocalyptic stories work". Some of the best side quests in Fallout 4 according to The Escapist 's Ron Whitaker involve conflicts with Super Mutants, with one that culminates in the recruitment of Strong as a companion character noted to be a highlight by Whitaker. Some individual Super Mutant characters have received critical acclaim. For example, the Nightkin character Lily Bowen has been praised for her characterization and has appeared in "top" character lists, including Polygon 's "The 70 best video game characters of the decade". In a paper published by the University of Leicester, Conor Appleton scaled an ordinary Super Mutant up to the size of a Behemoth and used dimensional analysis to determine the plausibility and viability of such a creature's existence. After examining the Behemoth's physiology using in-universe data and discussing how it may be affected by gravity, Appleton concluded that it is unlikely that such a creature would survive in reality.
1976 Southwest Conference men's basketball tournament	# 1976 Southwest Conference men's basketball tournament ## Abstract The 1976 Southwest Conference men's basketball tournament was held March 4–6, 1976, at Moody Coliseum in Dallas, TX. The first round took place February 28 at the higher seeded campus sites. Number 2 seed Texas Tech defeated 1 seed Texas A&M 74–72 to win their 1st championship and receive the conference's automatic bid to the 1976 NCAA tournament. ## Format and Seeding The tournament consisted of 9 teams, seeds 2-8 played in an 8 team single-elimination tournament with the winner playing the top seeded team in the tournament final. ## Tournament
111th meridian east	# 111th meridian east ## Abstract The meridian 111° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Asia, the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole. The 111th meridian east forms a great circle with the 69th meridian west. ## From Pole to Pole Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 111th meridian east passes through:
James Kenneth Campbell	# James Kenneth Campbell ## Abstract
1982 Greenwich London Borough Council election	# 1982 Greenwich London Borough Council election ## Abstract The 1982 Greenwich Council election took place on 6 May 1982 to elect members of Greenwich London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election and the Labour party stayed in overall control of the council.
1901 Rutgers Queensmen football team	# 1901 Rutgers Queensmen football team ## Abstract The 1901 Rutgers Queensmen football team was an American football team that represented Rutgers University as an independent during the 1901 college football season. In its first and only season under head coach Arthur P. Robinson, the team compiled a 0–7 record and was outscored by their opponents, 133 to 5. William B. Wyckoff was the team captain.
List of Star Wars: The Bad Batch episodes	# List of Star Wars: The Bad Batch episodes ## Abstract Star Wars: The Bad Batch is an American animated television series created by Dave Filoni for the streaming service Disney+. The first season premiered on May 4, 2021, and ran for 16 episodes until August 13. A 16-episode second season was released from January 4 to March 29, 2023, and a 15-episode third and final season is being released from February 21 to May 1, 2024. ## Series overview ## Episodes
"Untitled" (America)	# "Untitled" (America) ## Abstract "Untitled" (America) is an artwork by Felix Gonzalez-Torres that is currently in the collection of the Whitney Museum of American Art. The work consists of twelve individual parts/light strings, each part has 42 light bulbs. The artist purposefully chose not to specify how the work should be installed. An integral part of the artwork is that each time it is installed the exhibitor's choice of configuration completes the work. The light bulbs needed to install the work are most often sourced by the exhibitor and the original light bulbs are used as a guideline when choosing the brightness, shape and finish of the bulbs used for an installation. “Untitled” (America) is the only light string in Gonzalez-Torres's oeuvre that is ideally intended to be installed outdoors. The exhibitor may choose to install the piece, in its entirety or using any number of the twelve parts, outdoors and/or indoors. ## Installations The work was first installed in About Place: Recent Art of the Americas at The Art Institute of Chicago in March, 1995. Five of the twelve light strings hung down from the ceiling and pooled together on the floor. The initial outdoor installation of the work took place in Limerick, Ireland in 1996. For this installation the light strings were installed in a zigzag pattern over a city street, suspended from buildings at a height slightly above shop signs. In 2000, the work was included in The American Century: Art and Culture, 1950 – 2000 on view at The Whitney Museum of American Art in New York. All twelve light strings were strung vertically side-by-side against a wall in a sunken outdoor courtyard at The Whitney's original Breuer building at 945 Madison Avenue. “Untitled” (America) was included in the 2007 exhibition Felix Gonzalez-Torres: America which was on view in the United States Pavilion, Giardini della Biennale, as part of the 52nd Venice Biennial. The U.S. Commissioner, Nancy Spector, chose to install eight of the individual light strings around an indoor rotunda and four of the light strings across an outdoor courtyard off of the exhibition building. “Untitled” (America), 1994 was installed in five out of six versions of the 2010/2011 solo exhibition, Felix Gonzalez-Torres: Specific Objects without Specific Form [ Felix Gonzalez-Torres: Specific Objects without Specific Form. Wiels Contemporary Art Centre, Brussels, Belgium. 16 Jan. – 2 May 2010. [Additional venues: Fondation Beyeler, Basel, Switzerland. 21 May – 29 Aug. 2010; MMK Museum für Moderne Kunst, Frankfurt, Germany. 28 Jan. – Apr. 2011. In addition to being the main curator of the exhibition, Elena Filipovic chose three artists, Carol Bove, Dahn Vo, and Tino Seghal to curate an additional version of the exhibition at each venue. In the first installation at the first venue, curated by Filipovic, 12 light strings were installed inside a six-story silo in the museum (a remnant of the building's former use as a brewery). For Dahn Vo ’s installation at Wiels he chose to install the 12 light strings outside the home of Charles Gohy, the museum technician who was overseeing the manifestation and maintenance of the exhibition. Located in the village of Gesves, the work was hung from lamp posts along a country road, and situated so that it would be visible from Gohy's bedroom window. In Filipovic's installation at Fondation Beyeler, Basel, Switzerland the 12 light strings were installed in a zig-zag pattern above the Mittlere Rheinbrücke, the oldest bridge in Basel. At the third and final venue of the solo exhibition, Filipovic chose to install the 12 light strings across Paulsplatz public square in Frankfurt. For Tino Seghal ’s installation at MMK, 12 light strings were installed hanging vertically on the exterior of the Museum. The work was installed in 2015 for the inaugural exhibition celebrating the new Whitney Museum of American Art building in the meatpacking district of New York City All 12 light strings were installed in a stairwell; suspended from the ceiling to the floor at the base of the stairs. A more recent installation of the work occurred at Museu d'Art Contemporani de Barcelona (MACBA) in 2021. Four light strings were hung vertically on the exterior facade of the museum, and eight light strings were installed horizontally between street lights at the Rambla del Raval (a large public space with a central pedestrian area that has a perimeter of trees). ## Exhibition History - Felix Gonzalez-Torres: The Politics of Relation. Museu d'Art Contemporani de Barcelona (MACBA), Barcelona, Spain. 26 Mar. – 19 Sep. 2021. Cur. Tanya Barson. - OPEN AT NIGHT – Festival of Lights. Villa Medici, Rome, Italy. 16 Dec. 2017 – 28 Jan. 2018. Cur. Chiara Parisi. - Permanent Collection Installation. The Whitney Museum of American Art, New York. 28 Sep. 2015 – 1 Mar. 2017. - America is Hard to See. The Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY. 1 May – 27 Sep. 2015. Cur. Donna De Salvo, Carter E. Foster, Dana Miller, Scott Rothkopf with Jane Panetta, Catherine Taft, and Mia Curran. - Felix Gonzalez-Torres: Specific Objects without Specific Form. MMK Museum für Moderne Kunst, Frankfurt, Germany. 28 Jan. – 14 Mar. 2011. Cur. Elena Filipovic; 18 Mar. – 25 Apr. 2011. Installation cur. Tino Sehgal. Catalogue. - Felix Gonzalez-Torres: Specific Objects without Specific Form. MMK Museum für Moderne Kunst, Frankfurt, Germany. 28 Jan. – 14 Mar. 2011. Cur. Elena Filipovic; 18 Mar. – 25 Apr. 2011. Installation cur. Tino Sehgal. Catalogue. - Felix Gonzalez-Torres: Specific Objects without Specific Form. Fondation Beyeler, Basel, Switzerland. 21 May – 25 Jul. 2010. Cur. Elena Filipovic; 31 Jul. – 29 Aug. 2010. Installation cur. Carol Bove. Catalogue. - Felix Gonzalez-Torres: Specific Objects without Specific Form. Wiels Contemporary Art Centre, Brussels, Belgium. 16 Jan. – 28 Feb. 2010. Cur. Elena Filipovic; 5 Mar. – 2 May 2010. Installation cur. Danh Vo. Catalogue. - Felix Gonzalez-Torres: Specific Objects without Specific Form. Wiels Contemporary Art Centre, Brussels, Belgium. 16 Jan. – 28 Feb. 2010. Cur. Elena Filipovic; 5 Mar. – 2 May 2010. Installation cur. Danh Vo. Catalogue. - Felix Gonzalez-Torres: America. The United States Pavilion, Giardini della Biennale, 52nd International Art Exhibition, La Biennale di Venezia, Venice, Italy. 10 Jun. – 21 Nov. 2007. Commissioned by Nancy Spector. Catalogue. - New York, New York: Cinquante ans d’art, architecture, photographie, film et video. Grimaldi Forum Monaco, Monte Carlo, Monaco. 14 Jul. – 10 Sep. 2006. Cur. Lisa Dennison. Catalogue. - Extra-Ordinary: The Everday Object in American Art. The Frist Center for Visual Arts, Nashville, TN. 10 Nov. 2006 – 11 Feb. 2007. Cur. Dana Miller. - Landscape. The Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY. 25 Mar. – 18 Sep. 2005. Cur. Donna De Salvo. - The Magic of Light. The Hudson River Art Museum, Yonkers, NY. 1 Feb. – 19 May 2002. Catalogue. - In Between: Art & Architecture. Schindler House, MAK Center for Art and Architecture, Los Angeles, CA. 14 Mar. – 2 Sep. 2001. Cur. LouAnne Greenwald. Catalogue. - Felix Gonzalez-Torres. Serpentine Gallery, London, England, United Kingdom. 1 Jun. – 16 Jul. 2000. Cur. Lisa G. Corrin. Catalogue. - The American Century: Art and Culture, 1950 – 2000. The Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY. 26 Sep. 1999 – 13 Feb. 2000. Cur. Lisa Phillips. Catalogue. - Manifesta 2: European Biennial of Contemporary Art. Casino Luxembourg, Forum d’Art Contemporain, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg. 28 Jun. – 11 Oct. 1998. Cur. Robert Fleck, Maria Lind, and Barbara Vanderlinden. Catalogue. - Light x Eight: The Hanukkah Project: A Festival in Lights. The Jewish Museum, New York, NY. 13 Dec. 1998 – 31 Jan. 1999. Cur. Heidi Zuckerman Jacobson. - 1997 Biennial Exhibition. The Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY. 20 Mar. – 15 Jun. 1997. Cur. Louise Neri and Lisa Phillips. Catalogue. - Simple Form. Henry Art Gallery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. 13 Nov. 1997 – 1 Feb. 1998. Cur. Sheryl Conkelton. - Felix Gonzalez-Torres (Girlfriend in a Coma). Musée d’Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, Paris, France. 11 Apr. – 16 Jun. 1996. Cur. Suzanne Pagé, Béatrice Parent, and Nancy Spector. Catalogue. - EV+A: Exhibition of Visual Art. Limerick City Gallery of Art, Limerick, Ireland. 8 Mar. – 4 May 1996. Cur. Guy Tortosa. - Longing and Belonging: From the Faraway Nearby. Museum of Fine Arts/SITE Santa Fe, Santa Fe, NM. 14 Jul. – 8 Oct. 1995. Cur. Bruce W. Ferguson and Vincent J. Varga. - About Place: Recent Art of the Americas. The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL. 11 Mar. – 21 May 1995. Cur. Madeleine Grynsztejn. Catalogue. - Felix Gonzalez-Torres (A Possible Landscape). Centro Galego de Arte Contemporánea, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. 12 Dec. 1995 – 3 Mar. 1996. Cur. Gloria Moure and Nancy Spector. Catalogue.
1984 (magazine)	# 1984 (magazine) ## Abstract 1984 was an American black and white science-fiction comic magazine published in New York City by Warren Publishing from 1978 to 1983. 1984 was edited by Bill Dubay. The title of the magazine was changed to 1994 starting with issue #11 in February, 1980 based on a request by the estate of George Orwell. The magazine ceased publication with issue #29 in February, 1983 due to the bankruptcy of Warren Publishing. ## Contributors Artists who contributed stories to 1984 / 1994 included Alex Niño, Richard Corben, Jose Gonzalez, Jose Ortiz, Frank Thorne, Esteban Maroto, Rudy Nebres, Jimmy Janes, Abel Laxamana, Wally Wood, Luis Bermejo, Alfredo Alcala, and Vic Catan. Cover artists included Nino, Corben, Patrick Woodroffe, Jim Laurier, Sanjulián, Jordi Penalva, H.R. Giger, Steve Fastner, Rich Larsen, Lloyd Garrison, Terry Oates and John Berkey. Writers included Dubay, Thorne, Jim Stenstrum, Jan Strnad, Rich Margopoulos, Kevin Duane, Nicola Cuti and Gerry Boudreau. ## Recurring characters and series Similar to its sister publications Eerie and Vampirella, 1984 featured numerous recurring series and characters. This included the following: - Mutant World (Artist: Richard Corben; Writer; Jan Strnad) - Ghita of Alizarr (Drawn and written by Frank Thorne) - Idi Amin (Artist: Esteban Maroto; Writer: Bill Dubay) - Rex Havoc (Artist: Abel Laxamana; Writer: Jim Stenstrum) - The Starfire Saga (Artist: Rudy Nebres; Writer: Bill Dubay) - Young Sigmond Pavlov (Artist: Alex Niño; Writer: Bill Dubay) ## Controversies One of the most notable incidents that occurred regarding the magazine was an unauthorized adaptation of Harlan Ellison 's short story, "A Boy and His Dog", which has been rumored as one of the major factors in the bankruptcy of Warren Publishing. As discussed in the book The Warren Companion, editor Bill Dubay approached writers Gerry Boudreau and Jim Stenstrum about adapting science fiction stories for the magazine. Boudreau asked permission to adapt Ellison's story, and Dubay approved this, without first asking Ellison. When Ellison refused to grant permission, Dubay had artist Alex Niño draw the story anyway, then provided the art to Stenstrum to use as the basis for a new story. The story was published in issue #4, under the title "Mondo Megillah". Despite Stenstrum's reworking of the script, the basic story was still obvious plagiarism and Ellison filed a lawsuit, which he eventually won. Advertised as an adult fantasy magazine, 1984 contained very mature subject matter by the standards of the time. To compete with rivals such as Heavy Metal it contained many stories featuring sex and other controversial subjects. As discussed by comics historian Richard Arndt, editor DuBay edited stories within the magazine to focus more on this subject matter, such as this incident that occurred with artist Wally Wood regarding stories that appeared in the first two issues of the magazine: Wood's original story was entitled 'The End' and was 12 pages long. It was a part of his Wizard King series. Bill DuBay, without Wood's o.k. or knowledge, split the story in two, rearranged pages & panels, rewrote Wood's original script and presented the greatly altered work as two separate stories, changing Wood's original rather charming adult oriented tale into shorter pieces that leaned heavily on the scenes (which were also in Wood's original but not nearly so highlighted as their appearance here) of naked women in bondage being whipped and brutalized. Understandably, Wood was outraged and never worked for Warren again. DuBay's treatment of Corben and Strnad's Mutant World also alienated the creators. Throughout, DuBay altered Strnad's dialogue to include words and phrases that Strnad has called "a spew of juvenile obscenities." The artwork, also, was altered as one page was arbitrarily flipped right-to-left, with the lettering adjusted to accommodate the change. When approached by Warren to publish an album of the collected episodes, Corben and Strnad politely declined. Controversial stories included issue #3's satirical story "The Harvest" which featured a future where white people hunted black people for sport and ate them, and issue #13's science fiction story "The Crop" where babies are sliced up and processed through factories to provide food for the starving populace. Both stories were written by DuBay. Despite its controversies, the magazine has been praised for the high quality of its art. The serials Young Sigmond Pavlov and Ghita of Alizarr were both singled out as high quality stories by David A. Roach in The Warren Companion.
1906 Wisconsin Badgers football team	# 1906 Wisconsin Badgers football team ## Abstract The 1906 Wisconsin Badgers football team represented the University of Wisconsin as a member of the Western Conference during the 1906 college football season. Led by first-year head coach Charles P. Hutchins, the Badgers compiled an overall record of 5–0 with a mark of 3–0 in conference play, sharing the Western Conference title with 1906 Michigan Wolverines football team and 1906 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team. The team's captain was Warren A. Gelbach.
Codex Sassoon 507	# Codex Sassoon 507 ## Abstract - Redirecet Damascus Pentateuch
1976 Pau Grand Prix	# 1976 Pau Grand Prix ## Abstract The 1976 Pau Grand Prix was a Formula Two motor race held on 7 June 1976 at the Pau circuit, in Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France. The Grand Prix was won by René Arnoux, driving the Martini MK19. Jacques Laffite finished second and Jean-Pierre Jabouille third. ## Classification
1780 in sports	# 1780 in sports ## Abstract 1780 in sports describes the year's events in world sport. ## Boxing Events - It was probably during this year that Harry Sellers reclaimed the vacant English Championship but he is not known to have defended it before 1785. - Unknown date - A three-day horse racing event is held in Hempstead Plains on Long Island, USA. The event includes a women's class. ## Cricket Events - Duke & Son of Penshurst made the first-ever six-seam cricket ball. England - Most runs – Joseph Miller and James Aylward 142 - Most wickets – Lumpy Stevens 18 ## Horse racing Events - Inaugural running of The Derby, sometimes called the Epsom Derby for differentiation purposes, on Epsom Downs. The third-oldest of the five British Classic Races, the race is named after its founder, the 12th Earl of Derby. England - The Derby – Diomed - The Oaks – Tetotum - St Leger Stakes – Ruler
1934 North Carolina Tar Heels football team	# 1934 North Carolina Tar Heels football team ## Abstract The 1934 North Carolina Tar Heels football team represented the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill during the 1934 college football season. The Tar Heels were led by first-year head coach Carl Snavely and played their home games at Kenan Memorial Stadium. They competed as a member of the Southern Conference, finishing with an undefeated conference record of 2–0–1. North Carolina claims a conference championship for 1934, although the official conference champion is Washington and Lee, who finished 4–0–0. Team captain and guard George T. Barclay became North Carolina's first first-team All-American, being selected by several selectors including the AP and the All-American Board. He later was the head coach at UNC from 1953 to 1955. ## Schedule
Mobile Communication and Society	# Mobile Communication and Society ## Abstract Mobile Communication and Society: A Global Perspective is a book by Manuel Castells, Mireia Fernandez-Ardevol, Jack Linchuan Qui, and Araba Sey published by The MIT Press (2007, ISBN 0-262-03355-0 alk.paper, Pp 331) that looks at the impact of mobile phone technology. It argues: "Wireless networks are the fastest growing communications technology in history. Are mobile phones expressions of identity, fashionable gadgets, tools for life -- or all of the above? 'Mobile Communications and Society' looks at how the possibility of multimodal communications from anywhere to anywhere at any time affects everyday life at home, at work, and at school, and raises broader concerns about politics and culture both global and local." This book says its data was "gathered from around the world" and authors take a look at "who has access to wireless technology, and why, and analyze the patterns of social differential seen in unequal access." It touches issues in countries and continent as diverse as the United States, China, Europe, Latin America and Africa. Its chapters are: - Opening: Our Networks, Our Lives - The Diffusion of Wireless Communications in the World - The Social Differentiation of Wireless Communication Users: Age, Gender, Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status - Communication and Mobility in Everyday Life - The Mobile Youth Culture - The Space of Flows, Timeless Time, and Mobile Networks - The Language of Wireless Communication - The Mobile Civil Society: Social Movements, Political Power, and Communication Networks - Wireless Communication and Global Development: New Issues, New Strategies - Conclusion: The Mobile Network Society
Bersagh	# Bersagh ## Abstract Bersagh or beji is a cookies or a type of wide and small sweet bread found in the Lorestan, Kermanshah, Ilam and Hamedan provinces of Iran. In the Turkish dialect of Songhor, a city of Kermanshah province, it is called Pishik. Bersagh is made from flour, sugar, oil, eggs, milk, salt and turmeric. The ingredients are mixed together and kneaded, made into a thin dough, and then fried in oil.
112	# 112 ## Abstract 112 may refer to: - 112 (number), the natural number following 111 and preceding 113 - 112 (band), an American R&B quartet from Atlanta, Georgia 112 (album), album from the band of the same name - 112 (album), album from the band of the same name - 112 (emergency telephone number), the standard emergency phone number in the European Union and on GSM cellphones - 112 BC, a year - AD 112, a year of the Julian calendar - Copernicium, an element with atomic number 112 - 112 (MBTA bus) - 112 (New Jersey bus) - KFM 112M aircraft engine - Thai Criminal Code section 112, see Lèse majesté in Thailand - 112 Iphigenia, a main-belt asteroid
1903–04 Connecticut Aggies men's basketball team	# 1903–04 Connecticut Aggies men's basketball team ## Abstract The 1903–04 Connecticut Aggies men's basketball team represented Connecticut Agricultural College, now the University of Connecticut, in the 1903–04 collegiate men's basketball season. The Aggies completed the season with a 6–3 record against mostly local high schools. The Aggies were members of the Athletic League of New England State Colleges. ## Schedule Schedule Source:
180th Division (1st Formation) (People's Republic of China)	# 180th Division (1st Formation) (People's Republic of China) ## Abstract The 180th Division was created in February 1949 under the Regulation of the Redesignations of All Organizations and Units of the Army, issued by Central Military Commission on November 1, 1948, basing on the 24th Brigade, 8th Column of Huabei Military Region. Its history could be traced to 24th Brigade, 8th Column of Jinjiluyu Field Army formed in July 1947. The division was part of 60th Corps. Under the flag of 180th division it took part in the Chinese Civil War. Before the Korean War it was stationed in Chengdu, Sichuan. From March 1951 the division entered Korea as a part of the People's Volunteer Army during the Korean War with a standard strength of approximately 10,000 men. During what the Chinese call the 5th campaign (22 April 1951 – 10 June 1951), the PVA/CPV suffered its largest loss during the war: the 180th Division of the 60th Army was destroyed. Roughly 3,000 men escaped earlier (including the division commander and other high-ranking officers), but the majority of the division were killed or captured. During the final days of the 5th campaign, the main body of the 180th Division was encircled during a UN counterattack, and after a few days of hard fighting, the division was fragmented, and regiments fled in all directions. Soldiers either deserted or were abandoned by their officers during failed attempts to wage guerilla warfare without support from locals. Finally, out of ammunition and food, some 5,000 soldiers were captured. The division commander and other officers who escaped were subsequently investigated and demoted back in China. Most of those captured from the 180th Division were sent to Koje Island, 25 miles southwest of Pusan, including the Division Commissar Pei Shan. Since many of the officers were former Nationalist Chinese Army Military cadets many chose to join their former units and complete their training in Taiwan. A large portion remained in Taiwan after the Korean War. The remaining part of the division absorbed 3 replacement regiments and took part in the Battle of Kumsong.In September 1953 it pulled out from Korea. In 1953 it renamed as 180th Infantry Division. In April 1960 the division was renamed as 180th Army Division. By then the division was composed of: - 538th Infantry Regiment; - 539th Infantry Regiment; - 540th Infantry Regiment; - 560th Artillery Regiment. On December 20, 1964, the division was disbanded in Anhui Province. The 540th Infantry and 560th Artillery Regiments formed the basis for the Independent Division of Anhui Provincial Military District.
"Cochranella" geijskesi	# "Cochranella" geijskesi ## Abstract " Cochranella " geijskesi, also known as the Wilhelmina Cochran frog, is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is endemic to Suriname. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and rivers.
1874–75 in Scottish football	# 1874–75 in Scottish football ## Abstract Season 1874–75 in Scottish football saw the Scottish Cup being contested for the second time. ## Overview After its successful introduction the previous season, the Scottish Cup was again competed for, with Queen's Park once again lifting the trophy. For the second season running, Queen's contented themselves with the domestic tournament, declining to enter the FA Cup. International competition was once again restricted to the annual clash with England, while the Glasgow v Sheffield representative fixture was played in Scotland for the first time. ## Scottish Cup There was a modest expansion in the competition in its second season, which attracted 25 entrants – up from 16 for the previous season. There was geographic expansion too, with the 3rd Edinburgh Rifle Volunteers team becoming the first team from the east of the country to participate. Holders Queen's Park once again lifted the trophy, defeating Western and West End in the early rounds, then progressing to the semi-finals when opponents Rovers withdrew. The semi-final, against the previous season's runners-up, Clydesdale, took three games to settle with Queen's finally winning 1–0 at Kinning Park following 0–0 and 2–2 draws. Renton, meanwhile had defeated their local rivals Dumbarton in their own replayed tie. The final saw Queen's Park comfortably run out 3–0 winners. The crowd, estimated at 7,000, reflected the growing interest in football as it was almost three times the number that had attended the previous year. ## Scotland national team The 1875 international saw Scotland visiting London for a second time, on this occasion returning with a draw. ## Representative matches 27 February 1875: Glasgow 2 Sheffield 0 (Hamilton Crescent, Partick)
1938–39 Rochdale A.F.C. season	# 1938–39 Rochdale A.F.C. season ## Abstract The 1938–39 season saw Rochdale compete for their 18th season in the Football League Third Division North. ## Final league table ## Competitions ### Football League Third Division North ### F.A. Cup ### Football League Third Division North Cup ## Lancashire Cup ## Football League Jubilee
1937 Phillip Island Trophy	# 1937 Phillip Island Trophy ## Abstract The 1937 Phillip Island Trophy was a motor race held at the then-new 3.3 mile Phillip Island "triangular" circuit, in Victoria, Australia on 15 March 1937. It was contested over 45 laps, a distance of 150 miles. Organised by the Victorian Sporting Car Club, it was staged on a handicap basis with the limit starter commencing the race 30 minutes before the scratch starter. The race was won by Bob Lea-Wright driving a Terraplane Special. Lea-Wright also set the fastest race time. ## Race name Some sources refer to the race as the Philip Island Trophy, whilst others use various names including Victorian Sporting Car Club's 150 miles race.
1957 Newcastle-upon-Tyne North by-election	# 1957 Newcastle-upon-Tyne North by-election ## Abstract The Newcastle-upon-Tyne North by-election of 21 March 1957 was held after the elevation to the Peerage of National Liberal and Conservative MP (MP) Gwilym Lloyd George. The seat was safe, having been won by Lloyd George at the 1955 United Kingdom general election by nearly 11,000 votes
1955 World Archery Championships	# 1955 World Archery Championships ## Abstract The 1955 World Archery Championships was the 17th edition of the event. It was held in Helsinki, Finland on 19–22 July 1955 and was organised by World Archery Federation (FITA). ## Medals summary
1947 Avon by-election	# 1947 Avon by-election ## Abstract The 1947 Avon by-election was a by-election held during the 28th New Zealand Parliament in the Christchurch electorate of Avon. The by-election occurred following the death of MP Dan Sullivan and was won by John Mathison. ## Background Dan Sullivan, who was first elected to represent Avon for the Labour Party in 1919, died on 8 April 1947. This triggered the Avon by-election, which occurred on 28 May 1947. ## Candidates There were six nominations for the Labour Party nomination: - Archie Grant, secretary of the Canterbury Trades Council of the Federation of Labour - Mrs. A. J. Jones, a charity worker and member of Labour's Aranui branch - Margaret Mackwell, the matron of the Glendower Maternity Hospital and member of the Canterbury Trained Nurses' Association - George Manning, a Christchurch City Councillor and secretary of the Canterbury branch of the Workers' Educational Association - John Mathison, a member of the Christchurch Transport Board and Labour candidate for Hurunui in 1946 - Alan Williams, secretary of the North Canterbury Labour Representation Committee and Labour candidate for Fendalton in 1946 Two other expected candidates, Jack Roberts and Alan Sharp, declined nomination. Roberts, president of both the North Canterbury Labour Representation Committee and Canterbury Trades Council of the Federation of Labour, committed himself to union activities while Sharp (who was Labour's candidate for Selwyn in 1946) wished to run in Selwyn again at the next general election. With Roberts' declination Mathison was seen as the frontrunner for the nomination. Mathison was subsequently selected as Labour's nominee. Dr. Robert Alexander McDowell, a medical doctor from Kaiapoi and representative of the Canterbury division on the council of the New Zealand branch of the British Medical Association, was the only nominee for the National Party candidacy. He was National candidate for Avon in 1946. John Ramby Robertson was an independent candidate. Robertson was a member of the Democratic Labour Party (DLP) but his nomination was refused endorsement by DLP leader John A. Lee. Robertson had stood unsuccessfully as a DLP candidate for the Christchurch City Council in 1944. The Communist Party decided not to put forward a candidate. The party's Christchurch secretary, Jack Locke, stated his party had no wish to embarrass the Government (whose policies they mostly supported) by drawing away votes. ## Results The following table gives the election results: Mathison obtained 65.31% of the votes and was successful.
1955 in Jordan	# 1955 in Jordan ## Abstract Events from the year 1955 in Jordan. ## Incumbents - Monarch: Hussein - Prime Minister: until 30 May: Tawfik Abu al-Huda 30 May-15 December: Sa`id al-Mufti 15 December-21 December: Hazza' al-Majali starting 21 December: Ibrahim Hashem - until 30 May: Tawfik Abu al-Huda - 30 May-15 December: Sa`id al-Mufti - 15 December-21 December: Hazza' al-Majali - starting 21 December: Ibrahim Hashem ## Events - November-December: a fresh wave of riots oust the government and police crush uprising. ## Establishments - American Community School in Amman.
1964 in Argentine football	# 1964 in Argentine football ## Abstract 1964 saw Club Atlético Independiente become the first Argentine team to win the Copa Libertadores. Boca Juniors were the champions of the Argentine first division. ## Primera División ### Relegation ### Copa Libertadores - Boca Juniors qualified for Copa Libertadores 1965 via the league, Independiente qualified as the Libertadores champions of 1964. ## Copa Libertadores 1964 - Independiente: Champions
1957 County Championship	# 1957 County Championship ## Abstract The 1957 County Championship was the 58th officially organised running of the County Championship. Surrey won the Championship title for the sixth successive year. Changes were applied to the points system for the Championship as follows: - 12 points for a win - 6 points to side still batting in the fourth innings of a match in which scores finish level - 2 points for first innings lead - 2 bonus points for side leading on first innings if they also score faster on runs per over in first innings - If no play possible on the first two days, and the match does not go into the second innings, the side leading on first innings scores 8 points.
1913 Tour de France, Stage 9 to Stage 15	# 1913 Tour de France, Stage 9 to Stage 15 ## Abstract The 1913 Tour de France was the 11th edition of Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began in Paris on 29 June and Stage 9 occurred on 15 July with a flat stage from Aix-en-Provence. The race finished in Paris on 27 July. ## Stage 9 15 July 1913 — Aix-en-Provence to Nice, 356 km (221 mi) ## Stage 10 17 July 1913 — Nice to Grenoble, 333 km (206.9 mi) ## Stage 11 19 July 1913 — Grenoble to Geneva, 325 km (202 mi) ## Stage 12 21 July 1913 — Geneva to Belfort, 335 km (208 mi) ## Stage 13 23 July 1913 — Belfort to Longwy, 325 km (202 mi) ## Stage 14 25 July 1913 — Longwy to Dunkerque, 393 km (244 mi) ## Stage 15 27 July 1913 — Dunkerque to Paris, 340 km (210 mi)
1866 Patrick's Plains colonial by-election	# 1866 Patrick's Plains colonial by-election ## Abstract A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Patrick's Plains on 8 February 1866 because Bowie Wilson had been appointed Secretary for Lands in the second Martin ministry. Such ministerial by-elections were usually uncontested however on this occasion a poll was required in Patrick's Plains and Yass Plains (Robert Isaacs). Both ministers were comfortably re-elected with more than 70% of the vote. The other ministers James Martin (The Lachlan), Henry Parkes (Kiama), James Byrnes (Parramatta) and Geoffrey Eagar (West Sydney) were re-elected unopposed. Mr E E Darvall was a bank clerk, the son of John Darvall, the former attorney general. This was the only occasion on which he stood for parliament. John Heuston was a burlesque candidate, apparently winning a £10 bet for nominating, but withdrew before the poll. ## Polling places - Singleton - Belford - Camberwell - Warkworth - Jerry's Plains - Broke ## Result
Heavy horse (General)	# Heavy horse (General) ## Abstract A heavy horse, or slaughter horse, is a horse bred for its ability to yield meat. Coming from drafts horses formerly used for agricultural work, these horses are threatened with extinction by the motorization of agricultural activities. This state of affairs has prompted breeders to look for new economic outlets. Heavy horse breeding was very popular in France in the 1980s, helping to safeguard these breeds. It has developed in Italy and Spain, but is declining in France, since the return of work activities with draught horses. Heavy horses are selected for their speed of growth and fattening, as well for the mares ´ fertility and maternal qualities. This selection process is very different from that prevailing in a draft horse, and results in vulnerability to specific health problems. Heavy horses are generally neither trained nor socialized by their breeders: they are slaughtered as foals, between six and thirty months old. This type of farming makes it possible to enhance the value of grassland in difficult or declining areas, including cattle and sheep. It is also controversial, due to the obesity of the animals, the violent behavior of some breeders, and societal rejection of horse slaughter and hippophagy. ## Definition The notion of “heavy horse” is a French specificity: this term designates a livestock animal, the horse raised for the production of meat. Rural historian Marcel Mavré analyzes it as a degradation of the notion of “draught horse”, the heavy horse being a direct descendant of the draught horse, which is a working animal. The development/evolution of the heavy horse is very similar to that of beef cattle, since draft cattle are used as beef cattle. ## History The history of the heavy horse is an example of “keeping breeds in business by changing their orientation”. ### Origin Its origins date back to the 1960 ´s in Europe, and particularly in France. Breeders of draught horses are no longer able to sell their livestock for farm work, and are left with animals with no commercial value, considered obsolete by the tractor. Looking for ways to continue breeding these breeds, those in charge of the Boulonnais and Ardennais horse breeding registers decided to direct them towards meat production. This new orientation became official in France on July 23, 1976, then published in the Journal officiel de la République française on August 24, 1976, when the “draught horse” officially became the “heavy horse”. ### Positioning In the 1970s and 1980s, the Haras Nationaux (in english: National Stud farms) encouraged breeders to convert their draught horses into heavy horses, based on the beef cattle model. They introduced a number of measures. Horses suitable for draft are no longer distinguished in breeding competitions. Breeders are encouraged to present horses with “heavy musculature”, which enables them to obtain a good price for the animal at slaughter. The result was a significant physical transformation of these breeds over a period of twenty years. According to Marcel Mavré, their breeders are “criticized/ decried in more ways than one”. In 1981, for example, a Belgian breeder of Ardennes horses declared that “you don´t need to be a good breeder” to produce “heavy horses”, and that “they´re no longer draught horses, but meat animals”. The opening of the Italian market in the 1980s, a major consumer of young draught horse meat, led to a wave of interest in outdoor heavy horse breeding, especially in Brittany, with the local draught breed. This breeding model was exported to the Massif Central and the Pyrenees. In 1984, as the gaits of butcher horses were no longer taken into account, the gait test for Postier Breton stallions was abolished. The distinction between draught and rural letter carrier is becoming less obvious in the Breton breed. In 1985, the Hennebont stud sent a huge butcher-type breeding stallion named Oscar to Bannalec in Finistère. Around 1985, French “heavy horses” became much heavier and fatter than in the past. They are now unsuitable for traction, specially since this use has become rarer, if not disappeared. Their breeders, fans of big horses from a new generation, nicknamed the old draught horses “bicycles”, in derision. The construction of the “horse industry”, officialy named “relaunch” in the 1980s, made it possible to link breeding and marketing of heavy foals on a European scale, on the model of the bull calf. These measures are effective in stopping the fall in numbers of draft horse breeds and are bringing about a new culture among breeders. They also allow the revival of the equestrian agricultural economy in Brittany. ### Since the 1990s In the 1990s, a movement to bring back the draught horse began in France, putting the brakes on its transformation into a “specialized meat animal”. This “leaves a feeling of failure for all the breeders who were actively involved”, particularly those in the Massif Central and the Pyrenees, who were late to start breeding, and benefited from agro-environmental premiums for endangered horse breeds from 1992 onwards. The identity of the draught horse is changing in European perception, dissociating itself from the slaughter animal. Furthermore, since 2010, the Italian market has been less dynamic, with the price of fuel significantly increasing the cost of exporting live horses. In 2013, the meat of a heavy horse is traded between €1 and €1.50 per kilo by the merchant from the breeder, still mostly to Italy. In some breeds, such as the Breton and Comtois, the heavy horse model predominates among breeders (2015), to the detriment of the draught horse model. Draft horse breeders find it difficult to promote their animals in breeding competitions, as they are considered too thin compared to heavy horses, which are objectively overweight or even obese. ## Description The characteristics required in a horse intended for carcass weight are not the same as those of a draught horse, these two orientations being mutually incompatible. According to Bernadette Lizet, fattening heavy horses leads to “abnormal deformation of the animal´s body”. A heavy horse is selected on the basis of its growth and fattening capacity, and the maternal qualities of the mares. Heavy foals are generally slaughtered between 6 and 30 months of age. For fattening, they can be fed natural hay (ryegrass) but also silage corn, grain corn, dehydrated beet pulp, concentrated feed and lupin. Some breeders try cross-breeding several breeds (e.g Breton and Comtois) to obtain better-adapted horse models. ### Breeding method There are two methods of heavy horse breeding: intensive and extensive, with the former favoring earlier slaughter (six months) than the latter. The extensive system makes it possible to make the most of pastures in difficult areas, in addition with cattle and sheep: the horse feeds on the cow’s dung, avoiding the need for a woodchipper. Horses are generally grazed, loose-housed or semi-free-range. As part of an extensive system, heavy horse breeding enables "the valorization of grass in difficult and declining areas". The relationship between a breeder and his heavy horse differs from that between a breeder and a draught horse, in that the animal stays much less time on the farm, and is not “trained”. Heavy foals are generally neither socialized nor handled, as the breeder has little interest in forging an emotional bond with an animal destined for slaughter. ### Slaughter age The term “fat brass” refers to heavy foals slaughtered at weaning age, around 6-7 months. They must come from large mares, and are supplemented with concentrated food from 4 months. In the fall, they are taken with their mother to new pastures. At slaughter, their live weight is 380 to 420 kg, for a carcass weight of 220 to 240 kg. The foal can also be slaughtered at around 10-12 months, at a live weight of 450 to 500 kg, for a carcass weight of 270 to 300 kg. The proportion of concentrated feed should be limited to 50% of the horse's consumption, to avoid excessive weight gain. There is also a choice of slaughter between 18 months and two years of age. The foal should be fed moderately in winter, then have unlimited access to pasture in summer. If slaughtered at 18 months, the foal is not castrated, but "finished off" with a cereal supplement for the last two months of its life. If the foal is too light or has failed to grow sufficiently, it is castrated at around 18 months and "pushed to the trough " during its second winter, to be slaughtered at around 22-24 months, at a live weight of 600 to 650 kg. Slaughter at around 30 months is generally chosen for foals whose growth has been limited or delayed during the first two years of life, and who are put back out to grass after their second winter. Males are also castrated at around 18 months. Females unfit for reproduction may be slaughtered at 30 months. A 30-month-old foal weighs between 670 and 740 kg. ### Health problems Heavy horses are predisposed to certain health problems. Many are overweight or even morbidly obese. The skeleton of a heavy horse carries a quarter to a third more weight than that of a horse selected for traction. Over time, these animals can suffer from joint, leg and kidney problems, as well as lameness. There are also risks of significant complications during foaling, as heavy mares are highly predisposed to post-partum difficulties. They are more likely than others to suffer uterine torsion during foaling. Diaphragmatic hernias can also occur, due to abdominal pressure. If the foal is too big to emerge naturally, farmers resort to the calving machine. The risk of foaling problems is increased if the stallion's size is much larger than the mare's, or if the latter is too young (stallioned in her second year to foal at three, for example). The existence of muscular problems in beef horses has long been known. Heavy horse breeds are particularly affected by polysaccharide storage myopathy. Studies reveal a large number of occurrences of the mutation responsible for type 1 of the disease in the Trait belge, Percheron, Comtois, Dutch Draft and Breton breeds, with cases of severe expression of the disease in the Trait belge and Percheron. Cases have also been identified in the Norman Cob. ## The market Contrary to popular belief, heavy horse breeding is clearly in the minority within the horsemeat industry. Most of the red horse meat consumed comes from animals culled from various activities, and not from heavy horses bred specifically for this market. The heavy horse market mainly concerns foal meat. It is particularly active in France, Spain and Italy. Traditionally, young French foals are sent to Italy for fattening. Given the dependence of French breeders on the Italian market, Interbev Equins aims to develop foal meat consumption in France, in order to halt the decline in the number of heavy horses. Geographers Sylvie Brunel and Bénédicte Durand consider the "relaunch" of heavy horse breeding for meat in France to be a failure, since its aim was to supply the country with horsemeat, but the vast majority of horsemeat consumed in France is still imported. Heavy horse breeding is therefore heavily dependent on horse meat consumption. ## Heavy horse breeds Some breeds are bred almost exclusively for meat, others have a meat orientation and one or more different breeding objectives. The model is not necessarily that of the heavy horse. In Italy, the Haflinger and Sanfratellano breeds provide a large share of the country's horse meat production. Haflingers are slaughtered between 10 and 18 months of age, unless they have health or age problems. In Switzerland, the Franches-Montagnes has never been weighed down for the meat market, but foals slaughtered at around nine months of age are highly prized. ## Controversy and social acceptance Raising horses for meat is controversial, with many people opposed to hippophagy, and to the very idea of breeding horses for this purpose. According to Bernadette Lizet, in France, the heavy horse breeders present at the Salon International de l'Agriculture have taken to hiding their motivations from Parisian visitors, citing "passion", without ever mentioning the competition criteria for heavy breeds, or fattening workshops, or "finishing-meat in Italy". City dwellers are indeed shocked by the existence of such breeding, which they readily associate with "barbarism". Jean-Pierre Digard cites the example of a "breeder of splendid heavy horses paralyzed by the fear of having to explain that he was raising horses for slaughter", during an interview on a presentation podium at the 2008 Salon International de l'Agriculture. In the Spanish Basque Country, the marketing of locally-bred foal meat is based on an elaborate commercial strategy. The language is modernized to lessen the emotional impact created by the idea of consuming horse, speaking instead of "foal meat" (Carne de potro), the emotional impact of the word "foal" not being deemed as strong as that of the word "horse". Other controversies concern the abuse that some breeders inflict on heavy foals, and the awarding of breeding premiums to animals in poor health (obese, even lame) to the detriment of working horses, particularly in the Breton and Comtoise breeds.
1507 in Ireland	# 1507 in Ireland ## Abstract Events from the year 1507 in Ireland. ## Incumbent - Lord: Henry VII ## Events - Stephen Lynch fitz Dominick Dubh becomes the 23rd Mayor of Galway ## Deaths - July 12 - Fedlim Mac Giolla Seanáin, a Brehon lawyer and Canon lawyer. - November 20 – Arthur Lynch, 22nd Mayor of Galway, drowned.
10-year-old Ohio rape victim required to cross state lines to obtain abortion	# 10-year-old Ohio rape victim required to cross state lines to obtain abortion ## Abstract %5B%5BWikipedia%3ARedirects+for+discussion%5D%5D+debate+closed+as+delete #REDIRECT 2022 Ohio child-rape and Indiana abortion case
1926 Dayton Marcos season	# 1926 Dayton Marcos season ## Abstract The 1926 Dayton Marcos season was the second and final season for the franchise in the Negro National League. ## Offseason ### Reorganization and reentry into Negro National League Following the 1920 season, the Dayton Marcos franchise was replaced in the Negro National League by the Columbus Buckeyes, who lasted a single season. The Marcos played independent ball until 1926, when they were once again granted a spot in the upcoming NNL season. Among owner John Matthews' first moves was to combine forces with local funeral director H.P. Lorritts and absorb the local C.M.I.A.'s (Colored Men's Improvement Association) semi-pro team. In addition to having first pick of players from the C.M.I.A.'s roster, the Marcos took over the lease to Westwood Field, their home in 1920. ## Other home fields In addition to their primary home in Dayton, the Marcos split their time between several other locations in an effort to widen the team's fan base. ### Richmond, Indiana On the eve of opening day, the Marcos announced they would play some home games at Exhibition Park in Richmond, Indiana. Richmond was no stranger to the Marcos, having hosted several exhibition games featuring the club as early as 1909. ### Xenia, Ohio The Marcos claimed territory approximately 20 miles East of Dayton and made Washington Park in Xenia, Ohio their home for Wednesday games.
1931–32 Luxembourg National Division	# 1931–32 Luxembourg National Division ## Abstract The 1931–32 Luxembourg National Division was the 22nd season of top level association football in Luxembourg. ## Overview It was contested by eight teams, and FA Red Boys Differdange won the championship. ## League standings ## Results

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.