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Itas/Gadau
Itas/Gadau is a Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Itas Itesiwaju. The town of Gadau is in the east of the area at .
It has an area of 1,398 km and a population of 229,996 at the 2006 census.
The predominant ethnic group in the area are the Hausa and Fulani in common with the other divisions of the state.
The postal code of the area is 751.
The main campus of Bauchi State University is located in Gadau.
Climate
In Itas, the dry season is oppressively hot and partially cloudy, while the wet season is oppressively hot and predominantly cloudy. The average annual temperature ranges from 56 to 104 degrees Fahrenheit, rarely falling below 50 or rising over 108.
References
Local Government Areas in Bauchi State
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SBA 504 Loan
The U.S. Small Business Administration's SBA 504 Loan or Certified Development Company program is designed to provide financing for the purchase of fixed assets, which usually means real estate, buildings and machinery, at below market rates. The program is so named because it was originally created by Section 504 of the Small Business Investment Act of 1958. Section 504 was subsequently codified at .
As part of its mission to promote the development of businesses, the SBA offers a number of different loan programs tailored to specific capital needs of growing businesses. The 504 program works by distributing the loan among three parties. The business owner puts a minimum of 10%, a conventional lender (typically a bank) puts up 50%, and a so-called Certified Development Company (CDC) puts up the remaining 40%. Certified Development Companies are established under the SBA 504 program as non-profit corporations set up to support economic growth in their local areas. There are a few hundred such CDCs nationwide. The maximum amount of the loan is $5 million ($5 million for meeting SBA-defined policy goals, and $5.5 million for manufacturers and some energy-related policy goals), and if the borrower defaults, the private sector lender is paid off first, reducing the risk to the lender and encouraging loans.
Eligibility
In order to qualify for the program, the borrower must meet the SBA's definition of small business and must plan to use over half (51%) of the property for its own operations within one year of ownership; if the building is to be newly constructed the borrower must use 60% at once and plan to occupy 80%. The borrower may form a real-estate holding company that lease 100% to the operating business, which then subleases surplus space (up to 49%). To qualify for this program, U.S. citizens or permanent residents must hold a majority of the ownership of the operating companies and the holding company. , the 504 Loan does not contain any restrictions or ceilings; however, there are three criteria for eligibility:
The company's average net income cannot surpass $5 million after taxes for the preceding two years.
The anticipated project size must be greater than the personal, non-retirement, unencumbered liquid assets of the guarantors/principals.
Does not have a tangible net worth in excess of $15 million.
Structure
There are three partners in an SBA 504 loan—the borrower, a bank or other regulated lender, and a CDC. Typically the borrower must contribute 10% of the total project cost; their bank lends 50% at their own rate and term (as long as the term is at least 10 years), and has a first lien on the assets being financed; and the CDC lends 40%, with a second lien. If the financing is for real estate, as most 504 loans are, the CDC's loan is for twenty years at a fixed rate of interest. The fully amortized rate for loans funding in August 2010 was 4.931% (the number changes based on the rate for current 5-year and 10-year U.S. Treasury issues). The funds for these loans are raised through a monthly auction of debentures that are 100% guaranteed by the U.S. Government. If the financing is for long-lasting fixed equipment such as printing presses, commercial laundry equipment, manufacturing equipment, etc., the 504 loan term is 10 years.
If the borrower's company has less than two consecutive years of operating history or if the building or assets to be financed are considered "special purpose" (e.g., gas stations or some medical clinics), the borrower must increase their contribution by 5% for a total of 15%, and the CDC lends 5% less for a total of 35%-- in cases where the borrowers meet both of these conditions, they must increase to 20%, and the CDC lends 30%.
Total project costs can include the costs for land and existing building or equipment; hard construction/renovation; fixtures and equipment; certain furniture; professional fees including appraisals and environmental investigations; soft costs; and closing costs. Project costs can usually be financed in their entirety with a 504 loan, whereas most commercial bank loans only finance a percentage of the purchase price/appraised value and borrowers would have to come up with closing and soft costs out of pocket. If borrowers later decide to sell their property, 504 loans are assumable.
References
External links
CDC/504 loan program at the SBA
The Small Business Administration's Website
Small Business Administration
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Jamaare
Jama'are is a Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Jama'are. It has an area of 493 km and a population of 176,883 at the 2006 census.
The postal code of the area is 751.
It is populated by a Fulani tribe that migrated from Dulare in the Lake Chad basin in the Republic of Chad.
Understand
Jamaare has an estimated population of 165,100 and occupies an area of 341.6 km². Most of the inhabitants of Jama′are are members of the Fulani, Shirawa, Kanuri. but Fulani is the most prominent tribe in the area. The commonly spoken languages in the area is Hausa and the Fufulde languages while the religions of Islam and Christianity are widely practiced in Jamaare. Jamaare is the hosts of Bauchi state University’s faculty of Agriculture, General Hospital Jamaare and Jamaare Emirate. There is also a primary teacher-training college and a leprosy clinic in the town. It is made up of a number of towns and villages which include Dogon, Jeji, Hanafari, Galdimari and Jurara.
History
Traditionally founded in 1811 by Muhammadu Wabi I, a leader in the Fulani jihad (holy war) led by Usman dan Fodio, the emirate was not officially recognized until 1835, when Sambolei, the chief of the Jama’are Fulani, was rewarded with it for his aid against the Hausa rebels of Katsina by Muḥammad Bello, the sarkin musulmi (“commander of the faithful”) and sultan of Sokoto. Emir Muhammadu Maude built the walls (20 feet [6 m] high with four gates) of Jamaare town in the 1850s, but the town barely survived attacks by the forces of Emir Buhari of Hadejia in the 1850s and 1860s. Jamaare’s emir Muhammadu Wabi II submitted to the British after the fall of Kano city to the latter in 1903. Incorporated into the Katagum division of Kano province, Jamaare was transferred to Bauchi province in 1926 and became part of Bauchi state in 1976.
Climate
It has an average temperature of 31 °C. The popular Jamaare river flows through the LGA with average humidity level of the area put at 41 percent. The rainy season is hot, oppressive, and mostly cloudy and the dry season is sweltering and partly cloudy. Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies from to and is rarely below or above . The average wind speed in Jamaare LGA is estimated at 12 km/h.
Agriculture
Farming is the major economic activity of the people of Jamaare and crops such as cotton, cowpea, peanuts (groundnuts), cotton, sorghum, millet, and onions, cowpeas, and vegetables are being cultivated in the area. They also rear animals such domestic animals like goats, rams, cattle, sheep, donkeys, and horses. Other important economic enterprises undertaken by the people of Jamaare are trade, hunting, and the weaving and dyeing of cotton.
Education
The Federal College of Education Jama'are was founded in 2020.
References
Local Government Areas in Bauchi State
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Kirfi
Kirfi is a Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria, bordering Gombe State in the east. Its headquarters are in the town of Kirfi (or Kirfin Kasa). The northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude passes through the LGA.
It has an area of and a population of 147,618 at the 2006 census.
The predominant ethnic group in the area is the Hausa. The Bure language is also spoken in the LGA.
The postal code of the area is 743.
Climate
The temperature typically varies throughout the year between the wet season, which is hot and oppressive, and the dry season, which is hot and partially cloudy.
References
Local Government Areas in Bauchi State
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Giles Blennerhasset
Flying Officer Giles Noble Blennerhassett (16 April 1895 – 4 December 1978) was an Irish World War I flying ace credited with eight aerial victories while serving as an observer/gunner in No. 18 Squadron, Royal Flying Corps.
Early life and background
Blennerhassett was born in Leoville, County Sligo, the eldest, and only son, of the four children born to James Blennerhassett of Gortatlea, County Kerry, and his first wife Selina Harriet (née Noble) of Collooney, County Sligo. His father was the bookkeeper/accountant at the Henry Lyons & Co. department store in Sligo, later becoming the managing director. The young Blennerhassett was educated at Sligo Grammar School.
World War I
Blennerhassett trained in the Inns of Court Officers Training Corps, before being commissioned as a second lieutenant in the 4th Battalion, Royal Irish Fusiliers on 2 June 1916. He was eventually seconded to the Royal Flying Corps, being appointed a flying officer (observer) on 24 March 1917, with seniority from 31 December 1916.
Posted to No. 18 Squadron RFC to fly in F.E.2b two-seaters, he gained his first aerial victory on 4 February 1917, driving down out of control an Albatros D.II fighter. He drove down two more on 5 April, and destroyed another the following day. He gained his fifth to become an ace on 16 April, and then accounted for three Albatros D.IIIs, one on 3 May and two more on 23 May, to bring his total to eight.
Blennerhasset was posted to the Home Establishment on 19 July, and was awarded the Military Cross five days later. His citation read:
Second Lieutenant Giles Noble Blennerhassett, Royal Irish Fusiliers, Special Reserve, and Royal Flying Corps.
"For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. He has shown great skill and courage when, acting as escort in attacking hostile formations. On one occasion he attacked two hostile machines, driving down both out of control. Later, he forced three other machines down."
He subsequently qualified as a pilot, being promoted to lieutenant on 2 December 1917, and appointed a flying officer the next day. and then serving in No.'s 78, 112, 153 and 39 Home Defence squadrons.
On 1 April 1918, the Army's Royal Flying Corps and the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) were merged to form the Royal Air Force, and Blennerhassett relinquished his commission in the Royal Irish Fusiliers that day.
On 11 November 1918 he was appointed an acting captain.
List of aerial victories
Postwar career
On 24 October 1919 Blennerhassett was granted short service commission in the RAF with the rank of flying officer. He served in No. 48 Squadron RAF in India, before resigning his commission on 19 January 1922.
Personal life
As a lay representative of the Church of Ireland he donated the Bishop's Throne to St John the Baptist Cathedral, Sligo, in memory of his father. He married twice; first to Kathleen Maud Curry of Newbridge, County Kildare at Aldershot, Hampshire on 8 January 1918, and secondly to Dorothy Margaret Pinnock in 1932.
Blennerhassett died on 4 December 1978, and is commemorated on the Great War Roll of Honour in Sligo Cathedral.
References
Notes
References
1895 births
1978 deaths
British Army personnel of World War I
Military personnel from County Sligo
People educated at Sligo Grammar School
Royal Irish Fusiliers officers
Royal Flying Corps officers
Irish World War I flying aces
Royal Air Force personnel of World War I
Recipients of the Military Cross
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Market rate
The market rate (or "going rate") for goods or services is the usual price charged for them in a free market. If demand goes up, manufacturers and laborers will tend to respond by increasing the price they require, thus setting a higher market rate. When demand falls, market rates also tend to fall (see Supply and demand).
See also
Interest
Market price
External links
Business Dictionary
Free market
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Misau
Misau is a Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Misau. The people of Misau are mostly Fulani, Karai-Karai, Kanuri and Hausa by tribe.
It has an area of 1,226 km and a population of 263,487 at the 2006 census.
The postal code of the area is 750.
Climate
Averaging 115.77 wet days (31.72% of the time), Misau typically has a yearly temperature of 28.98°C, which is 0.48% cooler than Nigeria's average.
Air Pollution
Due to the airborne particles that can cause asthma attacks, bronchitis, and other lung conditions by inhaling into the deepest parts of the lung, Misau is at serious risk for serious health problems.
Notable People
Maikanti Baru
Sen A D Rufai
Ahmed Ibrahim Dandija
HRH Ahmed Sulaiman
Mallam Makama Kura
Aminu Hammayo
Isah Hamma Misau
Justice Ibrahim Tanko
Aliko Mohammed
Mohammed Ali Pate
References
Local Government Areas in Bauchi State
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Shira, Nigeria
Shira is a Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters is in the town of Yana.
It has an area of 1,321 km and a population of 234,014 at the 2006 census.
The postal code of the area is 750.
Climate
The area's temperature ranges from -8°F to 74°F, with warm summers and some cloud cover and chilly, snowy, windy winters.
Temperature
Shira's climate is getting colder, with a positive trend of rising temperatures and a horizontal trend of falling temperatures.
References
Local Government Areas in Bauchi State
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Toro, Nigeria
Toro is a Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Toro local government headquarters is in the town of Toro. The local government has three districts: Toro, Jama'a and Lame district. The local government is the largest local government in Nigeria and west Africa in particular. It has an area of 6,932km and a population of 350,404 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 740.
People and languages
Toro local government is rich in culture and has diverse ethnic groups such as Afizere, Anarubunu (Ribina), Duguza, Fulani, Kaiwari amongst others. However, Fulfulde is a major language spoken by the people of the area (especially in the town of Toro).
Some notable people from Toro
Alhaji Abubakar Umar is a member of Toro local government, He was the First Secretary to the Bauchi State Government, He served as a minister in various capacity during Nigeria's military administrations. He was a Principal Private Secretary to the Premier Of Northern Nigeria, Sir Ahmadu Bello. He was a Gubernatorial candidate in the 2nd Republic. The Bauchi State Secretariat was named after him in recognition of his efforts towards the creation of Bauchi State. He was an accomplished public servant. He is a fellow of Royal College of DEFENCE Studies in UK. The Late Walin Bauchi came from an educationally versed family. He died on 29 January 1998.
Senator Dr. Yakubu Ibrahim Lame is a member of the local government, former Senator, former minister of police affairs and former Chairman Space Management Agency
Dr. Habiba Muda Lawal Former Lecturer, Commissioner in Bauchi State and presently Permanent Secretary Ecological Fund office. She serve as the Acting Secretary to Government of the Federation for six months before the appointment of Boss Alhmustapha.
Sani Ahmed Toro is a retired commissioner of sport in Bauchi state. He was a Chairman and member of NFF for some decades, and also a former Member, House of Representatives.
Dr. Aliyu Tilde is an Academician, critic, writer and a politician. He was a former commissioner of Education in Bauchi state and one of the pioneers of Bauchi State University Gadau.
Ibrahim Abdulhamid Tilde a retired ex- Nigerian Air Force Fighter Jet & Transport pilot, Who flew the likes of Late General Sani Abacha and Former Nigerian President Chief Olusegun Obasanjo among others.
Justice Danladi Umar a Nigerian jurist[1] from Bauchi State and the incumbent Chairman of the Code Of Conduct Tribunal (CCT) of Nigeria is from the Toro local government.
Barr Ibrahim Zailani a Lawyer and Critic, He was a member Federal House of Representatives, former Chairman NIMASA, and former Senatorial and Gubernatorial aspirant.
' Hon Haruna Ibrahim Tilde' an accountant, former PHCN Staff and member Federal House of Representatives (2007-2011), former senatorial candidate.
Senator Lawan Yahaya Gumau former member, Bauchi State House of Assembly and Federal House of Representatives and Senator representing Bauchi South at 9th Assembly.
• Honorable Umar Muda Lawal member representing Toro Federal Constituency Bauchi State at the 9th Assembly.
•"Honorable Tukur Ibrahim" He is a member Bauchi state House of Assembly from 2011-2015 2015-2019 2019-date. He hold the position of Chief Whip in the House.
Some prominent schools
Teachers College Toro is popularly known as TC Toro was a school established in the year 1926. One of the oldest schools in Bauchi state. Ibrahim Zailani (Former Member House of Reps, Fmr. Executive NIMASA, Lawyer) and Mahmood Yakubu (The current Independent electoral commission) chairman was an alumnus of the school.
Government College, Toro. formerly known as science Toro. HRH Rilwan Sulaiman Adamu an old Boy of the college
Climate
With an average yearly temperature of 29.87°C, 88.52 millimetres of precipitation, and 119.3 rainy days, Toro generally has a tropical wet and dry climate.
Kingdom
The kingdom is traditional and hereditary-based. Late. Alh. Adamu Waziri (Katukan Bauchi)it is now under the rule by Umar Adamu Waziri. The head, Muhammad Inuwa II (Hardo) and Late. Alh. Ibrahim Baba Ahmad (Madakin Toro).
References
Local Government Areas in Bauchi State
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So Cold (album)
So Cold is Jay Tee's first solo album released under his own name.
Track listing
"Ha Naw"
"She Gon' Hate This" (featuring E-40)
"Call Me" (featuring Mr. Kee & Don Cisco)
"So Cold"
"Shake Yo' Thang" (featuring Luniz)
"I Got What You Like" (featuring Miami)
"West Coast"
"Playa Perkin'" (featuring Young Dru)
"You Ain't Getting Paid?" (featuring Mac Dre)
"Pepe Le Pew" (featuring Frost & SPM)
"Shots to the Dome" (featuring Don Cisco & Baby Beesh)
"We Run This Whole Thang" (featuring Young Dru)
"Bumpin'" (featuring Nino Brown & Frost)
"Soakin' Up My Game"
"Holdin' On"
"How'd You Do Me Like That"
External links
[ So Cold] at Allmusic
So Cold at Discogs
Jay Tee albums
2001 debut albums
Gangsta rap albums by American artists
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Bard (company)
C. R. Bard, Inc., headquartered in Murray Hill, New Jersey, USA, was a developer, manufacturer, and marketer of medical technologies in the vascular medicine, urology, oncology, and surgical specialty fields. C. R. Bard marketed its products and services worldwide to hospitals, individual health care professionals, extended care facilities, and alternate site facilities. An S&P 500 company with approximately 14,000 employees in 2015, Bard is perhaps best known for having introduced the Foley catheter in 1934.
In April 2017, C. R. Bard announced that it would be acquired by Becton, Dickinson and Company (BD). The transaction was completed later that year, and the company became a wholly-owned subsidiary of BD, rebranded as Bard.
History
C. R. Bard, Inc. was founded in New York City by Charles R. Bard in 1907. Bard's first business involved importing Gomenol, which was used to treat urinary discomfort. The company formally incorporated in 1923, and three years later, in 1926, Charles R. Bard sold the company to John F. Willits and Edson L. Outwin for $18,000. Under Willits and Outwins, the company expanded into the catheter business, introducing the Foley catheter in 1934 and the America Woven Catheter in 1940.
In 1948, C. R. Bard's annual sales topped $1 million for the first time, and the company moved its headquarters from New York City to Summit, New Jersey. In 1954, a Bard scientist, Dr. DeBakey, developed the first arterial prosthesis. Three years later the company began selling Foley catheters that came in sterile packaging for the first time ever. Bard continued to innovate in the world of catheters, rolling out the bipolar temporary pacing catheter in 1958 and the first latex balloon catheter in 1960. In 1961, Bard expanded beyond catheters, and began manufacturing products related to cardiology, radiology, and anesthesiology.
C. R. Bard went public in 1963 and was listed on the New York Stock Exchange in 1968. Over time, the company introduced a variety of new health care products, and its net sales first exceeded $1 billion in 1994. Around 2012, Bard acquired the company Lutonix.
On April 23, 2017, it was announced that C. R. Bard would be bought by BD for $24 billion. On December 29, 2017, the acquisition was completed.
Legal issues
Illegal kickback settlement
In 2006, a complaint was filed against C. R. Bard, alleging that the company paid illegal kickbacks to both physicians and consumers. In 2013, Bard agreed to pay $48.26 million to resolve the allegations relating to submitting false claims to Medicare.
Vaginal mesh devices
The transvaginal mesh is a device that is surgically implanted into the vagina to strengthen pelvic muscles or organs, or to treat incontinence.
By 2010, Bard and other makers of vaginal mesh were being sued by women who alleged that the devices were responsible for their medical pain and injuries. Their legal cases cited poor design and unsafe materials, and claimed that some patients required "multiple surgeries to remove" the device. In 2012, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) required that Bard and other manufacturers study the rates of organ damage linked to the mesh devices.
Although Bard maintained that their vaginal mesh was "safe and effective", they began negotiations in 2013 to settle the nearly 30,000 legal claims. By August 2015, Bard had agreed to pay more than $200 million, thereby resolving about one-fifth of the outstanding lawsuits at that time.
Inferior vena cava (IVC) filters
An inferior vena cava filter (or "blood clot filter") is a device that is percutaneously implanted in the IVC. It is used to prevent deep-vein blood clots in the legs from moving into the heart or lungs (a condition that can be fatal).
Introduced in 2002, Bard's Recovery brand IVC filter was associated with 27 deaths and several hundred non-fatal problems. A "confidential study commissioned by Bard showed that the Recovery filter had higher rates of relative risk for death, filter fracture and movement than all of its competitors." Bard never recalled the Recovery filter, but instead developed G2 series filters to replace it.
On December 31, 2015, NBC News released their investigation of the G2 series filters. According to the NBC report, the G2 filter was just a modified version of the Recovery filter with "similar and potentially fatal flaws". Bard was reported to be aware of this shortly after the G2 was put on the market, but rather than recalling the filters, kept them on the market for five years. According to Bard and FDA records, at least 12 deaths and hundreds of problems had been linked to the G2 series filters.
In 2018, an Arizona court ordered Bard to pay $1.6 million to a plaintiff for injuries sustained from a G2 IVC filter implanted in 2007, plus an additional $2 million in punitive damages. Bard challenged the verdict, but in October 2020, a court of appeals refused to overturn the ruling.
References
External links
BD (company)
Health care companies established in 1907
Companies formerly listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Health care companies based in New Jersey
Companies based in Union County, New Jersey
New Providence, New Jersey
Medical technology companies of the United States
1907 establishments in New York City
1960s initial public offerings
2017 mergers and acquisitions
American companies established in 1907
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You Bo
You Bo is a Khmer writer and the president of the Khmer Writers' Association, whose office is located at Wat Botum, Oknha Suor Srun Street 7, Sangkat Chaktomuk, Khan Daun Penh, Phnom Penh 12207, Cambodia.
You finished high school in 1962, then he became a teacher. To supplement the meager income he received from his teaching job, You wrote poems and stories for local newspapers, such as the Mietophoum newspaper. Later he became the editor-in-chief of that same newspaper when he left teaching in the mid-1960s to focus on his writing.
You Bo had as his teachers some very notable Cambodians, among whom are Nou Hach, Keng Vansak and Samdech Preah Moha Chorn Nath.
Notable works
Some of his well-known works are:
Mear Kea Sok (មារជាសុខ) - A Guideline to Happiness, 1962;
The 195-Year-Old Doctor (គ្រូពេទ្យអាយុ១៩៥ឆ្នាំ?), 1964; and
The Loss of Two Popular Stars, 1967.
External links
- Article from Cambodian Scene magazine
Cambodian male writers
Living people
Cambodian poets
Male poets
20th-century poets
20th-century male writers
20th-century Cambodian writers
Year of birth missing (living people)
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Warji
Warji is a Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters is in the town of Warji.
It has an area of 625 km and a population of 114,720 at the 2006 census.
The postal code of the area is 742.
Climate
The weather in Warji fluctuates from oppressive wet season to partly overcast dry season, with temperatures ranging from 56°F to 102°F, rarely dropping below 50°F or exceeding 107°F.
References
Local Government Areas in Bauchi State
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Zaki, Nigeria
Zaki is a Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Katagum.
It has an area of 1,436 km and a population of 191,457 at the 2006 census.
The postal code of the area is 752.
The predominant ethnic group in the area are the Hausa, Kanuri and Karai-Karai in the east of the area.
The Bade language is spoken in Zaki LGA.
Climate
The temperature varies between the wet season, which is warm and unpleasant, and the dry season, which is hot, humid, and partially cloudy.
The annual temperature trend in Kafin Zaki is rising due to climate change; warming stripes show the average annual temperature.
References
Local Government Areas in Bauchi State
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Speak No Evil (Flora Purim album)
Speak No Evil is a 2003 album by the Brazilian singer Flora Purim. The name of the album is a tribute to a 1965 album and song by Wayne Shorter.
The album is a fusion of jazz, samba, and other Latin rhythms, featuring Airto Moreira, Oscar Castro Neves, and her daughter, Diana Booker.
The album reached number fifteen on the jazz album chart at Billboard magazine.
Reception
In a review for AllMusic, Jonathan Widran wrote: "Two realities are abundantly clear from listening to this... she swings magnificently with great jazz company... and she's far more emotionally effective singing in her native Portuguese than in her heavily accented English."
Christopher Loudon of Jazz Times stated that Purim and Moreira "hit a new high with Speak No Evil, arguably their most intriguing outing since their Return to Forever days of the early '70s."
Writing for The Washington Post, Mike Joyce acknowledged that Purim is "not in prime form" on the album, but noted that it "has its rewards," and praised the "colorful support from her bandmates."
In an article for All About Jazz, Javier AQ Ortiz called the album "a terrific work that provides a congenial listening experience, very well recorded and mixed, smartly arranged, and produced, with lots of good musical feelings."
Leila Cobo of Billboard commented: "in this collection... there's a steady and exquisite sense of style and good taste."
Track listing
Personnel
Flora Purim – vocals
Gary Meek – flute, alto saxophone, tenor saxophone, clarinet, bass clarinet
Bill Cantos – keyboards ("Don't Say a Word" and "I Feel You")
Oscar Castro-Neves – keyboards ("I've Got You Under My Skin") and acoustic guitar
Russell Ferrante – keyboards ("This Magic" and "Speak No Evil")
Christian Jacob – keyboards ("You Go to My Head" and "Ain't Necessarily So")
Marcos Silva – keyboards (in "Tamanco no samba" and "O Sonho")
Yutaka Yokokura – keyboards ("Primeira Estrela")
Gary Brown – bass ("Tamanco No Samba", "Primeira Estrela" and "O Sonho"
Jimmy Haslip – bass ("This Magic" and "Speak No Evil")
Trey Henry – bass ("You Go to My Head", "Don't Say a Word", "Ain't Necessarily So" and "I Feel You")
Jimmy Branly – drums ("This Magic") and percussion ("Speak No Evil")
Airto Moreira – drums (except "This Magic"), percussion (except "Speak No Evil) and vocals (in "Primeira Estrela")
Michito Sanchez – percussion ("This Magic" and "Speak No Evil")
Diana Booker – vocals ("Primeira Estrela")
Chart performance
References
Flora Purim albums
2003 albums
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Air sanitizer
An air sanitizer is a sanitizer that acts on airborne microbiological organisms or microorganisms. In the United States, a sanitizer is a disinfectant that is intended to disinfect or sanitize, reducing or mitigating growth or development of microbiological organisms including bacteria, fungi or viruses on inanimate surfaces in the household, institutional, and/or commercial environment and whose labeled directions for use result in the product being discharged to publicly owned treatment works (POTWS).
Unlike air purifiers, which filter or otherwise trap particles within an air circulator, air sanitizers have the ability to act on airborne microorganisms in open interior air space. A sneeze- or cough-generated pathogenic aerosol will take significant time to be treated by a circulating air purifier simply because air circulators are unable to treat all air of the room simultaneously. Air circulators treat a fractional room volume per unit time and exhaust the treated air back into the room resulting in fractional air dilution. In contrast, air sanitizers that are maintained at a sufficient and homogeneous concentration within the interior air space provide simultaneous treatment of the entire interior air space volume, but are not able to remove particles including allergens. Air purifiers and air sanitizers are therefore complementary air treatment solutions. Air sanitizers are not air fresheners, which add fragrance to the air and do not claim to act on microbiological organisms.
The vapors of some glycols including triethylene glycol can act as an air sanitizer. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, "There is considerable evidence that glycol vapors produce significant decreases in numbers of viable airborne bacteria under relatively wide conditions of relative humidity and temperature when properly and continuously dispensed by a vaporizing device so as to maintain suitable concentrations in the air in enclosed spaces."
References
Disinfectants
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Niralamba Swami
Jatindra Nath Banerjee (Niralamba Swami) (19 November 1877 – 5 September 1930) was one of two great Indian nationalists and freedom fighters – along with Aurobindo Ghosh (Sri Aurobindo) – who dramatically rose to prominence between 1871 and 1910.
Biography
Niralamba Swami was born as Jatindra Nath Banerjee on 19 November 1877 at Channa village in Burdwan district. His father, Kalicharan Banerjee, worked as a government official at Bangaon of Jessore district (now North Twenty Four Parganas) of Bengal.His early education was completed at the village school. Then he passed FA (First Arts) from Burdwan Raj College, which was then affiliated with the University of Calcutta with high marks. He was admitted to B.A. class in the college.
Freedom struggle
While at college, Jatindra Nath (Jatindra Nath Banerjee) began developing interest in political activities of India. He was drawn towards radical and revolutionary methods of attaining independence.
He felt that revolutionary methods were necessary to attain independence and he became the first to preach the adoption of revolutionary methods for attaining independence.
For using revolutionary methods, a large army was needed and so martial training of countrymen was essential. So Jatindra Nath left his studies halfway in search of martial training. He tried to get himself enlisted in the British army but did not succeed.
Baroda
Having failed to enlist himself in the British army, Jatindra Nath began wandering in search of a job. He reached Baroda. At Baroda he met Aurobindo Ghose Sri Aurobindo. Aurobindo was highly impressed by his robust health and helped him in finding a job in the Baroda army. In the year 1897, Jatindra Nath joined the Baroda army as a bodyguard of the king of Baroda. He also became an associate of Aurobindo.
Aurobindo began devoting energy towards national activities. When Anushilan Samity was formed at Kolkata, Aurobindo sent a request to Jatindra Nath to join the organisation. So Jatindra Nath left his job in Baroda to join Anushilan Samity. He became one of its prominent members.
Jatindra Nath's father did not like the fact that his son had left his studies and that he had involved himself in anti-British activities. To divert his son's attention towards family matters, he married him off. But still Jatindra Nath became more deeply involved in the freedom movement of the country.
The Alipore bomb case and repression of all revolutionary activities in Bengal forced Jatindra Nath lose interest in the nationalist activities. He went back to his native village. (Channa village)Soon he was married off by his parents to Hiranmoyee.
Spiritual transformation
Early indication
During his childhood Jatinindra Nath Banerjee was known to be unruly, but as a teenager he became thoughtful. He began to frequently visit the temple of goddess Bishalakshi (also known as Bishalaxmi, another name of the goddess Durga), where he would sit for hours in deep contemplation.
Sannyasa
After the suppression of revolutionary activities in Bengal, Jatin (Jatinindra Nath Banerjee) went back to his native village. His mind became engrossed in spiritual thoughts. He would frequently visit the temple of Bishalaakshi ('Large-eyed Goddess') and would remain there for hours. He would pray for spiritual strength self-purification and spiritual knowledge. He began to feel the need for a guru. Meanwhile, his parents died and a daughter was born to him. He felt a deep need to get rid of worldly ties. Consequently, one night he became a wandering monk (i.e. he took Sannyasa).
Jatin felt that for gaining spiritual knowledge he needed the help of a guru and hence he began to search for one. He wandered many places in search of a guru but could not find any genuine ones.
Wanderings
During his wanderings he reached Varanasi. There he met a monk who suggested him to go to Nainital where he (Jatin) would find his destined guru
Nainital
When Jatindra Nath reached Nainital from Varanasi he became very tired and exhausted. Yet he managed to find Soham Swami, his destined guru. Soham Swami had established an ashram near the bank of a river. He welcomed Jatindra Nath with open arms and made him his disciple on the same day.
Soham Swami was one of the most eminent disciples of Tibbetibaba, the legendary yogi of India. He was the author of books like 'Soham Gita', 'Soham Samhita', 'Truth' (this book was the only book written by him in English poetry. It was published in Calcutta, now Kolkata, in 1913) and 'Common Sense.’
In his autobiographical work, Why I Am An Atheist, Bhagat Singh, a prominent freedom fighter, wrongly referred to Niralamba Swami as the author of a book titled Common Sense. Swami in fact wrote only the introduction to it.<ref>'‘Why I am an Atheist: Bhagat Singh, People's Publishing House, New Delhi, India.
Page available: </ref>Swami, Soham, "Common Sense", Bangladesh: Surja Kanta Banerjee, Gandharia Press, Dacca (Dhaka) (1928). pp. 1–3.
Haridwar
Soham Swami asked Jatindra Nath Banerjee to go to Haridwar, where he had established an ashram. At this place Jatindra Nath began scaling great spiritual heights and finally attained knowledge of Brahman or God in His form without any attributes.
Soham Swami was very pleased with the spiritual success of Jatindra Nath Banerjee and so he was rechristened with the name of Srimat Niralamba Swami. But he became popular with the name of Niralamba Swami.
Niralamba Swami now had many admirers and devotees from Punjab, Haryana, and regions around Delhi. His fame for spiritual knowledge and wisdom spread far and wide. After staying in Haridwar for some years he developed a desire to establish an ashram at Channa village. He conveyed his request to his guru and was granted the permission to establish an ashram at his native village.
Channa village
After staying in the northern India for many years, Niralamba Swami reached Channa village, his native place. Many people of his village and other nearby villages had gathered to have a glimpse of their famous man. He first visited his home to meet his wife. Through her he came to know that his only child (his daughter) had expired. He managed to convince his wife to spend the rest of her life with him as the Mother of the soon to be constructed ashram at the village. She was re-christened as 'Chinmoyee Devi'.
Soon an ashram was constructed by the side of the village river bank and Niralamba Swami began staying at the ashram with his wife and some devotees and disciples.
Niralamba Swami's fame as a great Guru and a yogi spread even more in India. His life at the ashram was spent both as a 'bhogi' (enjoyer) and a yogi. He would daily consume the best quality betel leaves and tobacco available at the time.
It did not remain unknown that the former freedom fighter had become a famous yogi of India. So many former comrades of Niralamba Swami (formerly Jatindra Nath Banerjee) and many freedom fighters began visiting him for spiritual guidance and inspiration.
Among the notable freedom fighters to have visited Niralamba Swami was the legendary Bhagat Singh. He had met Niralamba Swami at Channa ashram at Channa village in the beginning of 1929(1927– 1928 according to some).
Another famous person associated with Niralamba Swami was Prajnanapada (1891–1974).He was popular with the name of Swami Prajnanapada. He became Niralamba Swami's disciple in 1924–25 at Channa ashram. He also became a monk (took to Sannyasa). Prajnanapada was a follower of Advaita Vedanta philosophy and taught realisation of Self-knowledge using Jñāna Yoga method (the path of self-realisation using knowledge).
Many distinguished persons had also visited Niralamba Swami at his Channa ashram at Channa village. Among them was Tibbetibaba. Niralamba Swami had hailed Tibbetibaba as one of the greatest exponent of Advaita Vedanta after Adi Shankara.
He died on 5 September 1930.
Teachings
Wake up and realise Self-Consciousness.
Know yourself. If you do not know yourself, then how can you know your country?
If you want to get rid of the sufferings of your country, then you have to become strong. To make yourself strong you have to first acquire Self-Knowledge. Self-strength makes human beings to cross difficult deserts and mountains. Nothing is impossible for a race possessing Self-strength
Notes
References
Chakravorty, Subodh, "Bharater Sadhak – Sadhika"(Bengali edition), India: Kamini Publication, 115, Akhil Mistry Lane, Kolkata – 700 009 (1997.Bengali calendar year – 1404), Volume 1, pp. 500–522
Grover, G.L. & Grover, S., A New Look At Modern Indian History (17th ed.), India: S. Chand Publication (2000). , pp. 283–284.
Sanyal, Jagadiswar, Guide To Indian Philosophy (1996 ed.), India: Sribhumi Publishing Company (1999), 79, Mahatma Gandhi Road, Kolkata – 700 009.
Hornby, A S, "Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English" (5th ed.), UK: Oxford University Press (1998). , pp. 1433–175.Why I am an Atheist: Bhagat Singh'', People's Publishing House, New Delhi, India.
Sharma, I. Mallikarjuna, “In retrospect: Sagas of heroism and sacrifice of Indian revolutionaries”, Ravi Sasi Enterprises, India (edition: 1999). p. 94.
Swami, Soham, "Common Sense", Bangladesh: Surja Kanta Banerjee, Gandharia Press, Dacca(Dhaka) (1924). pp. 1–3
Municipal Corporation, Calcutta (India), “Calcutta municipal gazette”, Office of the Registrar of Newspapers. Press, India (edition: 1972). p. 127.
Jatinder Nath Sanyal, Kripal Chandra Yadav, Bhagat Singh, Babar Singh, The Bhagat Singh Foundation, “Bhagat Singh: a biography”, Hope India Publication, India (edition: 2006). p. 84.
University, Banaras Hindu, “Prajña”, Banaras Hindu University, Benaras, India (edition: 1972). p. 110.
Jadavpur University. Dept. of International Relations Jadavpur Journal of International Relations, “Jadavpur Journal of International Relations”, Dept. of International Relations, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India. (edition: 2001). pp. 117 and 122.
Indian Bibliographic Centre. Research Wing, Indian Bibliographic Centre
“Dictionary of Indian biography”, Indian Bibliographic Centre (edition 2000). , . p. 32.
Durga Das Pvt. Ltd, “Eminent Indians who was who, 1900–1980, also annual diary of events”, Durga Das Pvt. Ltd., India. (edition 1985). p. 25.
Sen, Siba Pada, “Dictionary of national biography”, Institute of Historical Studies, India (edition 1972). p. 114.
Mukherjee, Uma, “Two great Indian revolutionaries: Rash Behari Bose & Jyotindra Nath Mukherjee”, Firma K. L. Mukhopadhyay. (edition 1966). p. 101.
University of Burdwan Dept. of History, “History: journal of the Department of History”, University of Burdwan, India. (edition 1998). p. 85.
Heehs, Peter, “The bomb in Bengal: the rise of revolutionary terrorism in India, 1900–1910”, Oxford University Press. (edition 1993). p. 62.
Gupta, Gopal Dass, “Glossary and index of proper names in Sri Aurobindo's works”, Sri Aurobindo Ashram, India. (edition 1989). , . p. 34
Majumdar, Bimanbehari, “Militant nationalism in India and its socio-religious background, 1897–1917”, General Printers & Publishers, India (edition 1966. p. 101.
Luzac & Co. (London, England), “Luzac's oriental list and book review”, Luzac and Co.. (edition 1924). p. 33.
Indian Hindu spiritual teachers
Revolutionaries of Bengal during British Rule
Advaitin philosophers
Bengali Hindus
Tibbetibaba
1930 deaths
1877 births
University of Calcutta alumni
19th-century Hindu religious leaders
20th-century Hindu religious leaders
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André Louis Bosson
Sergente André Louis Bosson (1894–1918) was a French World War I flying ace credited with seven aerial victories, including one shared with Jean-Paul Favre de Thierrens.
Military service
Bosson began military service as a sapper on 6 September 1914. He would serve as such valorously until 1917. He would transfer to pilot's training, receiving his Military Pilot's Brevet on 25 September 1917.
Posted to Escadrille Spa62, he would score seven confirmed victories between 9 March and 4 June 1918. He was killed in action on 20 July 1918.
During his military career, he had earned both the Médaille Militaire and the Croix de Guerre.
Endnotes
References
Franks, Norman; Bailey, Frank (1993). Over the Front: The Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. London, UK: Grub Street Publishing. .
1894 births
1918 deaths
French World War I flying aces
French military personnel killed in World War I
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Venezuelan Sign Language
Venezuelan Sign language or VSL (Lengua de señas venezolana or LSV) is the national deaf sign language of Venezuela. The term, "Venezuelan Sign Language," began to be used in the 1930s. It is widely used, and Venezuela has a national bilingual education program for VSL and Spanish, though the language used by adults differs from that of the classroom. There is a large VSL dictionary published by the Federación Venezolana de Sordos. VSL has been used in schools since 1937.
Origin
The first known references to a Deaf community which used a sign language in Venezuela date from the 1930s. In 1935 the first school for children who are deaf or hard of hearing, the Instituto Venezolano de Ciegos y Sordomudos (Venezuelan Blind and Deaf Institute), was founded in Caracas. That school served as the cradle for a small community of signers, who created a sign language out of many signs which the children had used at home. A few years later the administration of the institute decided to separate the instruction of blind and deaf students and created the Escuela Taller de Sordomudos (Workshop School for the Prelingually Deaf). This school hired hearing teachers trained in Spain, who knew Spanish Sign language. The mingling of the system developed by the students and the language used by the teachers seems to be the origin of what is today VSL.
In 1950, the first generation of alumni of the schools founded the Asociación de Sordomudos de Caracas (Deaf Association of Caracas), under the direction of José Arquero Urbano, an immigrant who had been a leader of the Deaf community in Madrid. The influence of the signs brought by Arquero further transformed VSL, according to recollections collected from people involved in that period of the Association. Because of this many Venezuelan Deaf people assume that Arquero was the creator of VSL.
Legal status
In 1999 after intensive lobbying by the Deaf associations of Venezuela, the constituent assembly included two references to LSV in the current constitution of Venezuela. Article 81 recognizes the right of Deaf people to communicate through LSV and Article 101 establishes that Deaf people have the right to be informed in their language through public and private television.
LSV, nevertheless, retains a lower legal status than the language officially recognized by the constitution. Article 9 grants the status of an "official language" to Spanish (throughout the nation) and to native languages (in the ancestral territories). LSV does not receive such recognition. The constitution only recognizes the right to use LSV.
LSV studies
Studies on LSV indicate that the language has the same structural elements described in other sign languages, such as, the use of directional signs, the use of signs with classifiers, changes in the form of the sign to indicate mood and aspect, and a strong pragmatical dependence in defining argument roles. In addition, as a result of studies on the grammar of LSV, there has also been research into the psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics and ethnolinguistics of the Deaf community in the country.
Number of LSV users
Included among the users of LSV are both the Deaf who use the language as their principal means of communication and hearing people who have a range of fluency in LSV.
The number of users is unknown. There are 1.2 million deaf in Venezuela, but most lost their hearing late in life. There were over 3000 deaf children in the national public school system in 2004, and around 9000 members of Deaf associations; with around 0.2% of children typically born deaf, there are an estimated congenitally 15,000 deaf people in Venezuela. However, it is not known how many of them speak VSL.
References
External links
Vocabulary list in VSL (in Spanish)
Sign language isolates
Languages of Venezuela
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Kolokuma/Opokuma
Kolokuma/Opokuma is a Local Government Area of Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Kaiama. Much of the area of the LGA is occupied by the Bayelsa National Forest.
It has an area of 361 km and a population of 77,292 at the 2006 census.
Climate
The postal code of the area is 560.
References
Local Government Areas in Bayelsa State
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Nembe
Nembe is a Local Government Area of Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Nembe in the east of the area at The people of Brass, Nembe and Southern Ijaw Councils of Bayelsa State have bemoaned their neglect by oil companies operating in their areas.
They also lamented years of oil spillages that have destroyed their environment, aquatic life, as well as air and water pollution and called on the Bayelsa State Oil and Environmental Commission (BSOEC) and international communities to come to their rescue.
History
It has an area of 760 km and a population of 130,931 at the 2006 census.
The postal code of the area is 562.
Much of the area of the LGA is occupied by the Edumanom National Forest.
Nembe is one of the major communities in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Nembe people are found predominantly in the Nembe local Government Area and the ancient town of Twon Brass and Okpoama in Brass Local Government Area of the state. Nembe people can also be found within the coastal areas of Bayelsa State as a result of them being predominantly fishermen, traders and farmers.
The language of Nembe people is also called as Nembe (an Ijaw dialect). Every tribe that cut across the globe has it traditional law of dos and don't, the Nembe people are no exception. The killing of snakes is forbidden in Nembe Kingdom, as any attempts to do so often attracts severe penalty to the offender. The people of Nembe relate freely with Pythons without getting hurt or harmed by the snake species. Even the young ones are abreast of the historic linkage between the Nembe people and the python.
Masquerade Culture in Nembe
The masquerade culture of the Nembe people is inherited from ancient times. The masquerade culture is an ageless and ancient traditional practice amongst the Nembe people. The masquerade culture has retained its basic features, and have continued to colour the social and cultural landscape of the Nembe people. History or traditionalist has it that masquerades are spirit beings, and to the belief of the Nembe people, masquerade are spirit beings, signifying that the ancestors of the community are embodied in them. Masquerades appears in different forms and shapes and can perform in daytimes as well as in the odd hours of the night. In Nembe land, masquerade displays are commonly seen in festive occasions or period, and in burial of prominent personalities such as kings and chiefs. Also the Masquerade dance is common during coronation ceremonies. The Nembe masquerade culture could be traced to a dance club called Sekiapu. Claims have it that Sekiapu was founded in the 18th century by Meinyai Orugbani, the last son of King Mein of Nembe. He introduced the Sakiapu club which became a unified umbrella body of many masquerade from Kula, his maternal home.
List of towns and villages in Nembe LGA
Nembe Local Government Area Consist of thirty seven (37) villages and towns, below is the list:
Adukiri
Agada
Agrisaba
Akakumana
Allagaokiri
Amasara
Benkiri
Dorgu-Ewoama
Dumobi-Kumakiri
Ekpeikiri
Elemuama
Enyumuana
Etieme
Ewokiri
Fekorukiri
Igbeta-Ewoama
Ikensi
Isaiahkiri
Iseleogona
Iserekiri
Mini
Nembe
Obiama
Obiata
Odekiri
Okokokiri
Okoroba
Ologoma
Olusasiri
Oromabiri
Otumakiri
Sabatoru
Sangakubu
Shellkiri
Tengelkiri
Tengikokiri
Tombi
Notable people
Frederick William Koko Mingi VIII of Nembe
Climate
The wet season is warm and overcast in Nembe, the dry season is hot and mostly cloudy, the temperature typically varies from 72 °F to 86 °F over the cost of the year and is rarely below 65 °F or above 89 °F.
References
Local Government Areas in Bayelsa State
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Archibald Buchanan (RAF officer)
Lieutenant Archibald Buchanan (born October 5, 1892, date of death unknown) was a World War I flying ace credited with seven aerial victories.
Buchanan voyaged to England to join the Royal Naval Air Service. The RNAS and the Royal Flying Corps were amalgamated into the Royal Air Force before Buchanan earned his pilot's wings, but he was assigned to a former RNAS squadron, No. 210.
Buchanan began his victory string as a balloon buster on 30 June 1918, when he destroyed an enemy observation balloon northeast of Estaires. His second win, on 20 July, was shared with Captain Harold Mellings. Between 31 July and 29 September, he scored five more wins over enemy fighter planes; his final summary was victory over five Fokker D.VIIs, a Pfalz D.III, and a balloon.
On 17 October, he landed his Sopwith Camel at Ostend, Belgium, in the wake of the German retreat, only to be informed by locals that he was the first Allied soldier to come to the city after the Germans left.
On 30 October, Buchanan was shot down by Michael Hutterer of Jasta 23, and spent the rest of the war as a prisoner.
Honors and awards
Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC)
Lieut. Archibald Buchanan, 210 Sqn. (Sea Patrol, FLANDERS)
On 29 September this officer displayed great gallantry. In an engagement with fifteen Fokker biplanes, owing to engine trouble he was compelled to remain under his flight; he nevertheless accounted for two enemy machines, attacking one under its tail causing it to crash, and driving another down out of control. In addition to the foregoing this officer has destroyed three machines and driven down two out of control.
See also
List of World War I flying aces from the United States
References
Bibliography
American Aces of World War I. Norman Franks, Harry Dempsey. Osprey Publishing, 2001. , .
1892 births
Year of death missing
American World War I flying aces
Aviators from New York (state)
People from Long Island
Royal Naval Air Service aviators
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)
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Chara discography
The discography of Japanese musician Chara consists of fifteen studio albums, four compilation albums, two live albums, three extended plays one soundtrack, eight video albums and fifty singles. Chara debuted as a musician in 1991 with Sony Music Entertainment Japan, and saw great success with the singles "Swallowtail Butterfly (Ai no Uta)" (1996), the theme song for the film Swallowtail, and "Yasashii Kimochi" (1997). After releasing ten albums with the label, Chara left Sony in 2004 to become an independent musician, releasing the album Something Blue (2005). The next year, Chara signed her second major label contract with Universal Music Japan, releasing four albums between 2007 and 2011.
After a second brief period where she worked independently, releasing the extended play Utakata (2011), Chara signed a contract with Sony sublabel Ki/oon Music, releasing the albums Cocoon (2012), Jewel (2013) and Secret Garden (2015).
Albums
Studio albums
Collaborative Studio albums
Live albums
Compilation albums
Self-cover albums
Soundtrack albums
Extended plays
Singles
As a lead artist
As a featured artist
Promotional singles
Other appearances
Video albums
Notes
References
Pop music discographies
Discographies of Japanese artists
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Southern Ijaw
Southern Ijaw is a Local Government Area of Bayelsa State, Southern part of Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Oporoma (or Osokoma) in the north of the area at . The area has a coastline of approximately 60 km on the Bight of Benin.
The people and their language are known as Izon. The LGA also has a wide practice of religion such as Traditionalism and Christianity.
It has institutions like the Niger Delta University (NDU), the state's airport in Amassoma and Federal Polytechnic, Ekowe. It is the home of Kolu United FC of Koluama II.
The first democratically elected governor, Chief Diepreye Alamieyeseigha (DSP) hailed from the area.
It has an area of 2,682 km and a population of 319,413 at the 2006 census.
The postal code of the area is 560. The local government is made up of several towns and villages which include Igbomotoro, Peremabiri, Opuama, Eniwari, Angiama, Diebu, Ondewari, and Aziama.
Climate
In the Southern Ijaw, the wet season is mostly warm and overcast, the dry season is hot and mostly cloudy, and it is oppressive year round. Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies from 72 °F to 86 °F and is rarely below 65 °F or above 89 °F.
References
Local Government Areas in Bayelsa State
Populated coastal places in Nigeria
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Ogbia
Ogbia is a traditional Kingdom and Local Government Area of Bayelsa State in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The headquarters of both the Traditional Kingdom and Local Government is located in Ogbia Town at .
Ogbia Kingdom is made up of four clans namely; Abureni Clan, Anyama Clan, Oloibiri Clan and Kolo Creek Clan. The people of Ogbia are part of the Ijaw (Ijo, Izon) Tribe.
The current monarch of Ogbia Kingdom is His Royal Majesty (HRM) King Dumaro Charles Owaba, Obanobhan (III) of Ogbia Kingdom. The traditional monarchy is rotational between the four clans of Ogbia Kingdom. The current Obanohban, King Dumaro Owaba is from the Oloibiri clan, while the next Obanohban would come from Kolo Creek clan.
Ogbia Local Government is headed by a democratically elected Local Government Chairman.
Ogbia has an area of 695 km and a population of over 179,926. It is well known for its historic value to the today Nigerian state economy mainstay. Crude oil was first discovered in Nigeria, at Oloibiri Town on Sunday 15 January 1956.
The postal code of the area is 562.
The Ogbia people, speak the Ogbia language, a unique Ijaw dialect. The Ogbia people who inhabit the Ogbia local government of Bayelsa have close kinship and language ties with the Okoroma people of Nembe local government of Bayelsa; the Odual people of Abua/Odual local government of Rivers state as well as the Ogbogolo people of Ahoada-West in Rivers state.
The present political headquarters of the Ogbia people, is Ogbia town; a town conceptualized and founded in 1972 by the Ogbia brotherhood. It also serves as the local government headquarters.
The inhabitants of Ogbia land are mainly fishermen and farmers. Former Nigerian president Goodluck Ebele Jonathan was born in Otuoke, Ogbia. The first civilian governor of the old Rivers state, Chief Milford Obiene Okilo was also from Emakalakala in Ogbia. According Alagoa (2009) King Amakiri, the first king of modern Kalabari kingdom (1669-1757) came from Emakalakala in Ogbia.
Ogbia Communities/Town'
Ogbia
Imiringi
Elebele
Kolo 1
Kolo 2
Kolo 3
Emeyal 1
Emeyal 2
Otuasega
Oruema
Emakalakala
Eboh
Obeduma
Akipelai
Otuagbagi
Otuoke
Otakeme
Oloibiri
Abobiri
Opume
Otuogori
Idema
Otuokpoti
Anyama
Onuebum
Ewoma
Otuabulla 1
Otuabulla 2
Ologi
Otuedu
Okodi
Ayakoro
Otuobhi
Epebu
Emadike
Ologehe
Otuabali
Otuogidi
References
Local Government Areas in Bayelsa State
Ijaw states
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Centre of Advanced Studies on Contemporary China
The Centre of Advanced Studies on Contemporary China (CASCC) is a research institute headquartered in Torino, Italy. It is incorporated as a private foundation, established by the University of Torino, the University of Eastern Piedmont, the Politecnico of Torino, the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and several other public and private institutions. The CASCC has strong collaboration with the China-EU Law School.
See also
University of Torino
Law Centres/Institutes on Chinese Law
Chinese law
UNITO Law Faculty
References
Official website
Legal research institutes
Organisations based in Turin
Education in Turin
University of Turin
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23rd Battalion (Australia)
The 23rd Battalion was an infantry battalion of the Australian Army. It was raised in 1915 as part of the Australian Imperial Force for service during World War I and formed part of the 6th Brigade, attached to the 2nd Division. After being formed in Australia, the battalion was sent to Egypt to complete its training, before being committed to the Gallipoli Campaign as reinforcements in September 1915. They remained on the peninsula until the evacuation of Allied troops in December, when they were withdrawn back to Egypt where they were reorganised before being transferred to the Western Front in March 1916. Over the course of the next two-and-a-half years, the 23rd took part in a number of significant battles in France and Belgium, before being disbanded in mid-1919 following the conclusion of hostilities. In 1921, the battalion was re-raised as a part-time unit within the Citizens Forces in the state of Victoria, but was amalgamated with the 21st Battalion in 1929 to form the 23rd/21st Battalion.
History
World War I
Formation
The 23rd Battalion was raised in Victoria in March 1915 as part of the formation of the 2nd Division of the Australian Imperial Force (AIF). Its first commanding officer was Lieutenant Colonel George Morton. Together with the 21st, 22nd and 24th Battalions, it formed the 6th Brigade under the command of Colonel Richard Linton. Organised into four rifle companies, designated 'A' through to 'D', with a machine gun section in support, the Australian infantry battalion of the time had an authorised strength of 1,023 men of all ranks. After completing initial training at Broadmeadows, in May 1915 the 23rd embarked upon the troopship Euripides bound for Egypt. They arrived in Alexandria on 11 June and after being moved by train to Cairo they marched to a camp at Heliopolis where they undertook further training in preparation for deployment to Gallipoli, where the units of the 1st Division had landed on 25 April 1915.
Gallipoli
While they were training, the Allies launched the August Offensive in an attempt to break the deadlock that had developed on the Gallipoli Peninsula following the initial landing. The offensive largely failed and heavy casualties resulted. In order to replace the men that were lost and give the survivors a rest, the decision was made by Allied commanders to move the 2nd Division from Egypt. After being moved to Lemnos Island, the 23rd Battalion embarked for Gallipoli on 4 September, arriving there at 9:30 pm that evening. A day of familiarisation followed before the battalion took up defensive positions at Lone Pine. On 12 September, the 23rd, along with their sister battalion, the 24th, took over responsibility for the post from the 1st Division battalions that had held it previously. During the stalemate that followed, manning positions that, in some places, were only a few metres from the Ottoman lines, the 23rd Battalion began countermining operations after Turkish mining operations were discovered. For the next three months, due to the intensity of the fighting in the sector, the battalion alternated their position with the 24th Battalion almost every day until the evacuation of Allied troops from the peninsula occurred, embarking with the last troops to leave on the night of 19/20 December 1915.
Following their withdrawal from Gallipoli, the 23rd Battalion was moved to Lemnos Island, where they remained until January 1916 when they were transferred back to Egypt. At this time, the AIF was reorganised and expanded in preparation for future operations. Two new infantry divisions were formed from the experienced troops of the 1st Division who had deployed to Gallipoli at the start of the campaign, while a third division was raised in Australia from scratch. The 2nd Division was largely left untouched, so that it could complete its formation which had been interrupted by its deployment to Gallipoli. The 23rd subsequently spent the early months of 1916 rebuilding its strength and conducting further training in preparation for its transfer to Europe.
Western Front
After arriving in France in March, the battalion moved to the Western Front, occupying the forward positions around Armentières in northern France on 10 April 1916. In mid-July, the battalion was transferred to the Somme, where they subsequently took part in the Battles of Pozières and Mouquet Farm, during which they suffered almost 90 per cent casualties. In early 1917, the Germans shortened their lines and withdrew to the Hindenburg Line and the Australian divisions in the Somme were ordered to carry out an advance to follow them up. After being reinforced, the 23rd Battalion was committed to the fighting at the Second Battle of Bullecourt in early May 1917 after the first attempt to capture the town by the 4th Australian Division failed. Succeeding in capturing all its objectives, it was heavily counter-attacked by German forces, suffering a large number of casualties, including 100 men killed or died of wounds before being relieved by the Australian 3rd Battalion. After this the battalion was withdrawn from the line until early September 1917 when they moved into positions around Ypres, Belgium, and participated in the Battle of Broodseinde on 4 October. During this battle, the 6th Brigade was positioned to the south of Zonnebeke Lake, and the 23rd Battalion lost three officers and 101 other ranks killed or wounded, some of which were inflicted when an intense German mortar barrage fell upon their "waiting line" prior to the attack. Nevertheless, the attack which followed, after overcoming an encounter with a German regiment, the 212th, in no man's land, resulted in success as the Australians captured the ridge.
In early 1918, Russian resistance on the Eastern Front collapsed in the wake of the October Revolution and, as a result, the Germans were able to transfer a large number of troops to the Western Front. This greatly improved the German strength in the west and, as a result, in March, they launched their Spring Offensive. With the Germans making rapid gains, many Australian units, including the 23rd Battalion, were thrown into the line to blunt the attack in early April, as the 6th Brigade relieved the 12th around Dernancourt. After the German offensive was halted, a brief lull followed during which the Allies sought to regain the initiative, launching a series of "Peaceful Penetration" operations. Following this, the 23rd participated in the fighting at Hamel on 4 July, advancing as the right-hand battalion on the southern front behind a devastatingly accurate preparatory barrage. On 8 August 1918, the 23rd joined the Allied Hundred Days Offensive, which was launched at Amiens, and was followed by a series of advances followed as the Allies began advancing through the Somme. For his actions during the fighting at Mont St. Quentin in early September, one of the battalion's soldiers, Private Robert Mactier, was awarded the Victoria Cross posthumously. After participating in the Battle of Beaurevoir between 3 and 4 October, the battalion was sent to the rear for rest when the units of the Australian Corps, severely depleted, were withdrawn from the line upon the insistence of the Australian prime minister, Billy Hughes. As a result, it took no further part in the fighting before the armistice was declared on 11 November.
Following the end of hostilities, the demobilisation process began and slowly the battalion's numbers began to dwindle as its personnel were repatriated back to Australia and returned to civilian life. The 23rd Battalion was disbanded in Belgium on 30 April 1919. Throughout its service during the war, it suffered 686 killed and 2,317 wounded (including gassed). For its involvement during the war, the 23rd Battalion received a total of 19 battle honours; these were bestowed upon the battalion in 1927.
Re-raising and subsequent amalgamation
In 1921, the decision was made to perpetuate the battle honours and traditions of the AIF by re-organising the units of the Citizens Forces to adopt the numerical designations of the AIF units with which they were affiliated. As a result of this decision, the 23rd Battalion was re-raised in Victoria, drawing personnel from the 2nd and 5th Battalions, 23rd Infantry Regiment, and part of the 29th Light Horse Regiment, and perpetuating the battle honours of its AIF predecessor. It later adopted the title of the "23rd Battalion (The City of Geelong Regiment)" when territorial titles were introduced in 1927. At the same time it was granted the motto Nulli Secundus. In 1928, the battalion was part of the 2nd Brigade, within the 3rd Military District.
Initially, the Citizen Forces units were maintained through a mixture of voluntary and compulsory service, but in late 1929, following the election of the Scullin Labor government, the compulsory training scheme was abolished and this, coupled with the economic privations of the Great Depression drastically reduced the number of recruits available. As a result, the decision was made to amalgamate a number of units. The 23rd Battalion was one of those chosen and it was linked with the 21st Battalion to become the 23rd/21st Battalion, adopting the territorial designation of "The City of Geelong Regiment/The Victoria Rangers". This battalion undertook garrison duties in the Northern Territory during World War II, before being disbanded in August 1943 as being surplus to Army requirements without having served overseas. After the war, following the demobilisation of the wartime Army, Australia's part-time military was re-formed in 1948, but the 23rd Battalion was not re-raised at the time. In 1961, although the battalion was in a state of suspended animation, it was entrusted with the 13 battle honours awarded to the 2/23rd Battalion for its service in North Africa and New Guinea during World War II.
Commanding officers
During World War I, the following officers served as commanding officer of the 23rd Battalion:
George Frederick Morton;
George Hodges Knox;
Wilfred Kent Fethers;
William Brazenor;
William Joseph Bateman.
Battle honours
The 23rd Battalion was awarded the following battle honours:
World War I: Gallipoli 1915, Egypt 1915–16, Somme 1916–18, Pozières, Bapaume 1917, Bullecourt, Ypres 1917, Menin Road, Polygon Wood, Broodseinde, Poelcappelle, Passchendaele, Hamel, Amiens, Albert 1918, Mont St Quentin, Hindenburg Line, Beaurevoir, France and Flanders 1916–18.
World War II: North Africa 1941–42, Defence of Tobruk, The Salient 1941, Defence of Alamein Line, El Alamein, South-West Pacific 1943–45, Lae–Nadzab, Finschhafen, Borneo, Busu River, Sattelberg, Wareo and Tarakan (inherited).
Notes
Footnotes
Citations
References
Australian World War I battalions
Military units and formations established in 1915
Military units and formations disestablished in 1929
1915 establishments in Australia
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Tudor Davies
Tudor Davies (12 November 18922 April 1958) was a Welsh tenor.
Biography
Tudor Davies was born in Cymmer, near Porth, South Wales, on 12 November 1892. He studied in Cardiff and at the Royal College of Music in London. He served as an engineer in the Royal Navy during World War I. He toured the United States, Canada and Australia (where he shared the stage with Maggie Teyte) and then returned to Britain, where he sang with the British National Opera Company, Sadler's Wells Opera and the Carl Rosa Opera Company. He sang Rodolfo to Dame Nellie Melba's Mimi in La bohème in 1922 at Covent Garden.
He sang a number of leading tenor parts from the Italian, French and German repertoire, such as Lohengrin, Tamino, Florestan, Faust, Don José and the Duke of Mantua. He also appeared in English operas such as Dame Ethel Smyth's Fête Galante, and Arthur Benjamin's The Devil Take Her. He created the title role in Ralph Vaughan Williams' opera Hugh the Drover in 1924, excerpts from which he also recorded. (In 1928, he also sang in the United States premiere of the opera, with the Washington National Opera.) He created Prince Hal in Gustav Holst's At the Boar's Head in 1925. He sang the title role in Giuseppe Verdi's Don Carlos in the opera's first performance in England in 1938, and he appeared in the first Sadler's Wells performance of Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov's The Snow Maiden.
In his later career, Davies was mainly a concert singer, and teacher in Cardiff.
Davies made a number of recordings, including a complete performance of Giacomo Puccini's Madama Butterfly, and excerpts from Richard Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen (including the Love Duet from Siegfried and the Dawn Duet from Götterdämmerung, both with Florence Austral), and The Mastersingers of Nuremberg, and Vaughan Williams's Hugh the Drover. He can also be heard in excerpts from Elgar's The Dream of Gerontius, recorded live in a performance conducted by the composer at Hereford Cathedral in 1927.
Davies married the soprano Ruth Packer, whom he met while working for ENSA during the Second World War. He died on 2 April 1958 in Penallt, Monmouthshire, after surgery for a liver condition.
References
Sources
Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 5th ed. 1954, Eric Blom, ed.
1892 births
1958 deaths
Welsh operatic tenors
People from Porth
20th-century Welsh male opera singers
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Guma, Nigeria
Guma is a Local Government Area of Benue State, North Central Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Gbajimba.
It has an area of 2,882 km and a population of 191,599 at the 2006 census.
The postal code of the area is 970.
History
The Guma Local Government Area was established by the Makurdi Local Government in May 1989.
The newly elected governor of Benue State in the April 11th, 2015 governorship election, Chief Dr. Samuel Ortom hails from Guma.
Geography
Climate
Guma Local Governments Area has a total land area of 2,882 km2, and the Guma River runs through its borders. Guma LGA's average annual temperature is 29 degrees Celsius, and the region receives an average of 1,850 mm of precipitation per year. Guma Local Government Area's humidity level is 61 percent on average.
With a landmass of 2,882 square kilometers, Guma local government area is situated in the northern region of Benue State. It is situated at latitudes 06° 33' and 07° 03' North and longitudes 07°60' and 08° 12' East.
Economy
The main source of income for the residents of Guma LGA is farming, and a wide variety of crops, including rice, yams, cassava, and maize, are produced there in sizable quantities. Salt, zinc, and byrite are only a few of the abundant mineral resources found in the LGA. Additionally, Guma LGA is home to a number of markets where a range of goods are bought and sold, including the Abinsi and Agasha markets. Blacksmithing and carpentry are two more significant economic pursuits of the people of Guma Local Government Area.
Localities
Towns and Villages under Guma Local Government Areas.
Abinsi
Achuwa
Agaku
Agasha
Agu
Akahana
Akumba
Akure
Akurungu
Angula
Anzum
Aondo
Badev
Chiata
Chivir
Chongke
Gaval
Gbajimba
Gogo
Gyushage
Ihalav
Kaambe
Kopii
Major Musa
Mbabai
Mbawa
Mbayer/Yandev
Nyiev
Nzorov
Saghev
Ukpiam
Uvir
References
Local Government Areas in Benue State
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Gwer East
Gwer East is a Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. Its headquarters is in the town of Aliade.
It has an area of 2,294 km and a population of 163,647 at the 2006 census.
The postal code of the area is 971.
The Local Government has three districts; Yonov, Njiriv and Ngyohov. It has 17 Council wards. It shares boundary with seven other local government areas.
References
Local Government Areas in Benue State
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2000 Winnipeg Blue Bombers season
The 2000 Winnipeg Blue Bombers finished in 3rd place in the East Division with a 7–10–1 record. They appeared in the East Final.
Offseason
CFL Draft
Regular season
Season standings
Season schedule
Playoffs
East Semi-Final
East Final
Awards and records
CFL's Most Outstanding Rookie Award – Albert Johnson III (WR)
CFL's Most Outstanding Special Teams Award – Albert Johnson III (WR)
2000 CFL All-Stars
SB – Milt Stegall, CFL All-Star
ST – Albert Johnson III, CFL All-Star
Eastern All-Star selections
SB – Milt Stegall, CFL Eastern All-Star
WR – Robert Gordon, CFL Eastern All-Star
OT – Moe Elewonibi, CFL Eastern All-Star
ST – Albert Johnson III, CFL Eastern All-Star
LB – Antonio Armstrong, CFL Eastern All-Star
References
Winnipeg Blue Bombers
Winnipeg Blue Bombers seasons
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Gwer West
Gwer West is a Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Naka.
It has an area of 1,094 km2 and a population of 122,145 at the 2006 census.
The postal code of the area is 971.
it has fifteen council wards and kindreds; Sengev, Tsambe/Mbesev, Merkyen, Nyamshi, Gaambe-Ushin, Mbachohon, Mbapa, Tijime, Avihijime, Gbange/Tongov, Toughatee/Injaha, Sengev/Yengev, Saghev/Ukusu, Ikyagev, Mbabuande. Chief Daniel Ayua Abomtse is the current paramount ruler. the current Chairman is Hon (Mrs) Grace Igbabon. There are some other important settlements in the local government apart from the headquarters, these include Orawe, Bunaka, Agagbe, Nagi, Aondoana, Kula, Jimba, Anguhar, Atukpu and Ajigba. Ikyande is another popular market in Gwer West Local Government Area.
References
Local Government Areas in Benue State
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Katsina-Ala
Katsina-Ala is a Local Government Area (LGA) of Benue State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Katsina-Ala where the A344 highway starts. It is also the location of an important archeological site where artifacts of the Nok culture have been found.
Community
The LGA of Katsina-Ala has an area of and a population of 224,718 at the 2006 census. The town center is the location of one of the oldest schools in Nigeria, Government College Katsina-Ala, founded in 1914, and has produced many prominent members in Nigerian society.
The postal code of the area is 980.
The community, which lies on the banks of the Katsina Ala River, a major tributary of the Benue River, is mainly occupied by Etulo, Tiv, Hausas and fulanis. The major language of communication in Katsina Ala is Tiv
Archeological site
Terracotta statues were found at Katsina Ala in the middle of the twentieth century.
They include realistic representations of human heads, with some animals, and parts of larger statues.
The statues are similar to others found at Nok, about 209 km to the north, and are thought to have been made by people of the same culture.
The human figures most likely represented ancestors or spirits.
According to Bernard Fagg, an archeologist who undertook extensive studies into the Nok culture, the works at Katsina Ala constitutes a distinctive sub-style.
Statues from Taruga and from Samun Dukiya are similar, but have typical stylistic differences.
Iron working began at the site in the fourth century BC, somewhat later than iron working at Taruga.
Smelted tin beads have also been found on the site, some of which could be imitations of cowrie shells.
References
Archaeological sites in Nigeria
Local Government Areas in Benue State
Archaeological sites of Western Africa
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Konshisha
Konshisha is a local government area of Benue State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Tse-Agberagba.
It has an area of 1,673 km and a population of 225,672 at the 2006 census. The area is majorly populated by members of the Tiv ethnic group. The Tiv language is widely spoken in the area while Christianity and Islam are the commonly practiced religions in the area.
The postal code of the area is 971.
History
Konshisha Local Government is named after River Konshisha which originates in Gboko Local Government and the headquarters is named after Late Pa Agberagba Yonkyo, who founded a significant market in the area.
Konshisha Local Government was formed on February 28, 1983, out of former Vandeikya Local Government Area in Benue State.
However, the military government that took office at the moment in 1984 abolished the Local Government. On February 4, 1989, the General Ibrahim Bagandiga Administration decided to re-establish it.
Notable people
Barnabas Gemade
Joseph Akaagerger
Bernard Hom SAN
Justice Shagbaor Ikyegh
Rt. Hon. Herman Iorwase Hembe
Geography
Konshisha Local Government Area is located on a levelled land in the North East of Benue State lying between longitude 8o 400 East and Latitude 6o551 and 7o 231 North.
With a total area of 1,673 square kilometers and an average temperature of 28 degrees Celsius, Konshisha LGA is quite large. Numerous bodies of water, like the Konshisha River and Beraba Lake, are found in the region. A number of mountains, including the Selagi and Agila mountains, are also found in the Konshisha LGA's landscape.
Climate
Warm weather, with temperatures ranging from 63°F to 90°F, and sporadic extreme weather conditions, are the hallmarks of the season, which is distinguished by rainy and dry seasons.
Boundaries
Konshisha is bounded in the North by Gboko Local Government Area, Gwer Local Government Area in the west
Ushongo Local Government Area and Vandeikya Local Government Areas in the East, Oju Local Government in the South-West And,
Cross River in the South.
Economy of Konshisha
The majority of people in Konshisha LGA work in agriculture, and yam, cassava, rice, guinea corn, and soya beans are among the crops that are extensively farmed there. Trade is thriving in the region as well, and the LGA is home to a number of marketplaces where a diverse range of goods are bought and sold. The residents of Konshisha LGA also engage in quarrying, food processing, and hunting as significant economic activities.
In a similar vein, the populace does raise livestock. Goats, pigs, birds, Fulani cattle, and a variety of other domestic animals are some of the livestock raised in the area.
Towns and villages in Konshisha
Tse-Agberagba
Gungul
Korinya
Ubwa
Tongo
Ikpeakor Mbayegh
Agera
Agera Mbashia
Mbavaa
Aba
Abagi
Aduu
Agen
Shikiri
Shom
Tor Mkar
Tsue
Yogbo
Yande
Ya-Akur
Tile
Talvough
Shan-Gevtie
Council wards in Konshisha
Konshisha Local Government has eleven (11) Council Wards/Districts, which are:
Mbaiwarnyam Council Ward
Mbatsen Council Ward
Ikyurav/Mbatwer Council Ward
Mbayegh/Mbaikyer Council Ward
Tse-Agberagba Council Ward
Mbavaa Council Ward
Mbanor Council Ward
Mbatser/Mbagusa Council Ward
Mbake Council Ward
Mbawar Council Ward
Mbaikyase Council Ward
Konshisha local government has 212 polling units across the 11 districts of Gaav and Shangev-Tiev.
Arts and culture
Music composers and singers:
Late Paul Deunav
Jasper
Vandelun Baja
Cultural dances:
Kyureke
Ingyinga
Ingyough
Takera
References
Local Government Areas in Benue State
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Ruth (sternwheeler 1895)
The steamboat Ruth operated from 1896 to 1917 on the Willamette River in the U.S. state of Oregon. Ruth played an important role in the transport of goods and agricultural products in Oregon, and was one of the fastest steamboats ever to operate on the upper Willamette. This vessel should not be confused with the sternwheeler Ruth built at Libby, Montana in 1896.
The wheat trade
Farmers would grow wheat in the Willamette Valley, then bring it by wagon to river ports where it would be bagged and loaded onto steamboats bound downriver to Portland. One of the key centers to the wheat trade was the now-abandoned town of Lincoln, Oregon, in Polk County. Originally known as Doak's Ferry, Lincoln was about south of Salem, Oregon. Lincoln, was once the most important wheat port on the Willamette, as historian Corning describes:
Operations
By the 1890s, rail construction in the Willamette Valley had caused a sharp decline in steamboat traffic, as more and more freight was shipped by rail rather than water. Lincoln remained an exception, and well into the 1890s three steamboats a day called at the town. The vessels would leave Portland in the morning, pass through the Willamette Locks, and arrive at Lincoln at about 3:00 p.m. Ruth, when newly launched, was able to beat this time, and under Captain Miles Bell, set what may have been a record time for the Lincoln run, as historian Corning describes:
In addition to the Willamette, Ruth was also worked on the Yamhill River up to Dayton, Oregon.
Steamboat operation was hazardous during this time. The vessels were endangered by snags and other dangers in the rivers, and even when there was no overall threat to the vessel, the crewmen themselves were at risk. This was illustrated by an incident involving Ruth which occurred on February 16, 1901, which was investigated by the Portland local office of the Steamboat Inspection Service:
During the fiscal year, there were three other instances in the local Portland District of the Steamboat Inspection Service of crewmen drowning as a result of falling overboard.
Disposition
The Oregonian newspaper of March 31, 1917 reported that the Ruth was struck by the stern of the newly launched all-steel Vesterlide, the first ship produced by the Northwest Steel shipyard located at the foot of SW Sheridan Street. The Ruth sank as the result of this collision, and three were injured.
Notes
References
Affleck, Edward L., A Century of Paddlewheelers in the Pacific Northwest, the Yukon, and Alaska, Alexander Nicholls Press, Vancouver, BC 2000
Corning, Howard McKinley, Willamette Landings, Oregon Historical Society (2d Ed. 1973)
Dept. of Commerce and Labor, Annual Report of the Inspector-General of the Steamboat Inspection service, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 1902
Timmen, Fritz Blow for the Landing: A Hundred Years of Steam Navigation on the Waters of the West, Caxton Printers, Caldwell, ID 1973
Further reading
Mills, Randall V., Sternwheelers up Columbia, Univ. of Nebraska (1947; 1977 printing)
Newell, Gordon R., ed., H.W. McCurdy Marine History of the Pacific Northwest, at 48, Superior Publishing, Seattle, WA 1966
External links
Steamboats of Oregon
Steamboats of the Willamette River
Passenger ships of the United States
Ships built in Oregon
1895 ships
Polk County, Oregon
Yamhill County, Oregon
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Kwande
Kwande is a Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Adikpo.
Kwande has an area of 2,891 km and a population of 248,697 at the 2006 Census.is bordered by several other LGAs. On the west, it is bordered by Vandeikya Local Government, Ushongo LGA on the north, and Katsina-Ala LGA on the northwest. On the south, it is bordered by Cross River State and in the southeast by the Republic of Cameroon. Kwande LGA also shares a common border with Takum LGA of Taraba State on the east. It has fifteen council wards but sixteen traditional districts.
As a result of its mountainous nature and proximity to the Cameroonian range of mountains, Kwande Local Government usually has cold weather which makes it very conducive to traders and investors. The local government also has very big rivers which usually take care of agricultural and industrial needs.
Kwande LGA was created out of the erstwhile Katsina Ala Division on February 3, 1976 as a result of the nationwide Local Government Reforms of 1976 which was undertaken by the then military government of General Murtala Muhammed as part of its intention to return power to civilians, and a precursor to active comprehensive political action. The reform was also designed to spread government programmes to the grassroots and to institutionalize the local government system in Nigeria. The reform resulted in the creation of 301 local governments across the country of varying populations between 150,000- 800,000.
Prior to the 1976 reform, the local government system in the country was less autonomous with the colonial era Native Authorities serving as an avenue of policy implementation directed from Lagos. Towards independence, a system of elected councils was created but after independence the power of the system was minimal.
Climate
Kwande is a Local government in benue state with a tropical Savannah climate.
The postal code of the area i7s 982002.
References
Local Government Areas in Benue State
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Sloop Woody Guthrie
The Woody Guthrie is a 47' gaff sloop which supports the mission of the larger Sloop Clearwater educating people about the Hudson River and its environment. The vessel was ordered by Pete Seeger in 1978 for the Beacon Sloop Club, which has supplied volunteers to maintain and operate it ever since.
The boat is named after the prominent progressive folk singer Woody Guthrie, a friend of Seeger's and author of the famed tune, "This Land is Your Land".
Since the Guthrie was built, volunteers have given sailing experience to thousands of members and guests of the Beacon Sloop club for free. Guests are educated by the volunteers about the history of the river and the boat and asked to help the mission of the boat in any way they can.
In August 2017, the Woody was relaunched after 6 years of fundraising, 2 years of work, $400k spent, and 5,000 volunteer hours. She was restored at the Hudson River Maritime Museum in Kingston, New York.
References
The Beacon Sloop Club website page on the Woody Guthrie
External links
Clearwater
Beacon Sloop Club website
Sloop Woody Guthrie Facebook page
Sloop Woody Guthrie website
Hudson River
Individual sailing vessels
Replica ships
Beacon, New York
1978 ships
Cultural depictions of Woody Guthrie
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Greenwood Community High School
Greenwood Community High School is a public high school located in Greenwood, Indiana. It is located in a southern suburb of Indianapolis, Indiana.
About
It is composed of more than 1100 students and operates on a seven period day with 45 minutes of instruction in each period.
Athletics
The Woodmen are members of the Mid-State Conference.
Marching Woodmen
Greenwood Community High School is known for their marching band which goes by the name "Marching Woodmen". They have participated in State Finals over 30 times. They have won 14 ISSMA State Championships (1986,1987,1989,1990,1995,1996,1997,2000,2006,2007,2010,2013,2014, and 2018). The Marching Woodman have also marched in the 1993 Philadelphia Thanksgiving Day Parade, the 1997 Fiesta Bowl Parade, and the 2001,2005,2009,2013, and 2017 Hollywood Christmas Parades.
Notable alumni
A. J. Edds (2006) – Former NFL linebacker
Andy Chanley – Voice over artist and actor
Brayton Laster – Racing Driver
Griffin Oakes – former college football placekicker for the Indiana Hoosiers
See also
List of high schools in Indiana
References
External links
Official Website
1954 establishments in Indiana
Educational institutions established in 1954
Public high schools in Indiana
Schools in Johnson County, Indiana
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Logo, Nigeria
Logo is a Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Ugba.
It has an area of 1,408 km and a population of 169,063 at the 2006 census.
The postal code of the area is 980.
References
Local Government Areas in Benue State
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Ogbadibo
Ogbadibo is a Local Government Area of Benue State, North Central, Nigeria. It has three districts namely: Orokam, Owukpa, and Otukpa. The Local Government's headquarters is located in Otukpa Town.
It has an area of 598 km and a population of 128,707 as at the 2006 census.
Prominent Nigerians from Ogbadibo
Former Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development Farmer Playwright Politician Audu Ogbeh Audu Ogbeh
Chief Steven Lawani Former Deputy Governor of Benue State Politician Industrialist Steven Lawani
Major General Chris Abutu Garuba Soldier Former Governor of Bauchi State and Chief Military Observer United Nations Angola Verification Mission II Chris Abutu Garuba
Former Minister of State for Education and novelist Jerry Agada
Dr Paul Enenche, Senior Pastor of Dunamis International Gospel Centre.
The postal code of the area is 973.
References
Local Government Areas in Benue State
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Ohimini
Ohimini is a Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Idekpa-Okpiko.Ohimini was created out of the present Otukpo Local Government Area of Benue State. Major districts under the Ohimini local government are Onyagede which share boundary with Kogi state has the following villages, Amoke, Enumona, Ogodu, Awume, Ikpoke, Ogoli, Ogande, Ugofu, Ipolabakpa, Umonomi and Iyaya, Okpiko, Agadagba, Oglewu and Idekpa the capital.
It has an area of 632 km2 and a population of 71,482 at the 2006 census.
Historical background
Ohimini Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria, was created in December 1996 by the military regime of General Sani Abacha from the old Otukpo Local Government of Idomaland along with four other local government councils (LGCs) in the state. These LGCs are Agatu, Obi, Logo and Tarka.
The Local Government derived its name “Ohimini” from River Ohimini, the largest river in the council, cutting across the entire local government area.
The creation of the Local Government brought tremendous joy to its people who believed that the separation from the Old Otukpo would bring accelerated development to them.
Geographical Location
Ohimini Local Government is bounded to the North and North East by Otukpo Local Government, South by Okpokwu Local Government and on the West by Ankpa and Olamaboro Local Government Areas of Kogi State.
The postal code of the area is 972.
Population
The 2006 National Population Commission population census figures puts the population of Ohimini as 70,688 people comprising 35,876 and 34,812 males and females respectively.
Political Structure
The local government is divided into three zones A, B, and C with each zone comprising two clans. These are:
A -- Ochobo and Oglewu clans
B -- Agadagba and Okpiko clans
C – Awume and Onyagede clans.
The Local Government is further sub-divided into ten (10) political wards as follows;
Leadership of the Local Government Administration Since Inception
Since the creation of the Local Government in 1996, the following persons have headed the administration in various capacities either as Sole Administrators, Elected Executive Chairmen, Caretaker Committee Chairmen or Directors General Services and Administration (DGSA).
Similarly, the legislative council of the Local Government was administered by the following officers as house leaders;
Note that legislative councils exist only when the executive councils are in place.
Religion
The Ohimini people are basically Christians with pockets of Muslims mainly in Onyagede clan.
Occupation
Ohimini is an agrarian society with the farmers taking full advantage of the fertile, well-drained arable land suitable for the cultivation of cassava, yams, millet, sorghum, rice, citrus fruits, palm produce, vegetables and livestock thus contributing to making the status of Benue State the “Food Basket of The Nation”.
It is believed that the Onyagede market (one of the largest market in Idoma land), is a major source of export of garri to neighbouring states like Plateau, Kano, Rivers and Kogi, amongst others.
Though large scale mechanized farming is not practiced by these peasant farmers, there is a bright future for investors of agro-based processing industries as they are assured of basic raw materials.
Natural resources
According to the Federal Government Geological Survey of Benue State, bricks, clay, bentonite, bauxite and coal are found in abundant quantity in Ohimini for exploration. The natural spring waters at Iyaya in Onyagede and Odelle in Okpiko-which are yet to be developed, will form a beautiful tourist attraction if fully tapped.
Prospects for investment
The new and developing Local Government is blessed with abundant human and natural resources that can sustain any agro-based industries and other investment.
Its easy accessibility from the eastern part of the country through Enugu in Enugu State, Ankpa in Kogi State, Naka in Gwer-West and Otukpo Local Government Areas both in Benue State as well as availability of constant power supply provided by its connection to the national grid make Ohimini a destination point for investors in Benue State.
References
Local Government Areas in Benue State
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Okpokwu
Okpokwu is a Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Okpoga located in the south of the area.
Benue State Polytechnic is located in the town of Ugbokolo in this LGA. It has an area of 731 km and a population of 176,647 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 973.
The local Government has twelve council wards namely:- Ameju, Eke, Ichama1, Ichama11, Ingle-Okpale, Ojigo, Okonobo, Okpoga Central, Okpoga North, Okpoga South, Okpoga West and Ugbokolo.
Education
Okpokwu is home to the Benue State Polytechnic and New Vision Institute of Technology Ekenobi
References
Local Government Areas in Benue State
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Climate change acronyms
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) use tens of acronyms and initialisms in documents relating to climate change policy.
A
AAU - Assigned amount unit
AGGI - Annual Greenhouse Gas Index
AMO - Atlantic multidecadal oscillation
AO - Arctic oscillation
C
CDM – Clean Development Mechanism is an arrangement under the Kyoto Protocol allowing industrialised countries with a greenhouse gas reduction commitment (called Annex 1 countries) to invest in projects that reduce emissions in developing countries as an alternative to more expensive emission reductions in their own countries.
CDR - Carbon dioxide removal
CER – Certified Emission Reduction
CFC - Chlorofluorocarbon
CF4 - Carbon tetrafluoride
CH4 - Methane
COP - Conference of the Parties
CO2 - Carbon dioxide
C2F6 - Hexafluoroethane
D
DER – Distributed Energy Resources is a small-scale unit of power generation that operates locally and is connected to a larger power grid at the distribution level. DERs include solar panels, small natural gas-fueled generators, electric vehicles and controllable loads, such as HVAC systems and electric water heaters. An important distinction of a DER is that the energy it produces is often consumed close to the source.
E
EEI - Earth's Energy Imbalance
ENSO - El Niño–Southern Oscillation
G
GCM - General circulation model or global climate model
GFDL - Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory
GHG - Greenhouse gas
GWP - Global warming potential
H
HCFC - Hydrochlorofluorocarbon
HFC - Hydrofluorocarbon
H2O - Water vapor
I
IOD - Indian Ocean Dipole
IPO - Interdecadal Pacific oscillation
M
MSL - Mean Sea Level
N
NCDS - Nationally Determined Contributions (aka Paris Accord/Agreement)
NAPA – National Adaptation Programme of Action.
NCAR - National Center for Atmospheric Research
NF3 - Nitrogen trifluoride
N20 - Nitrous oxide
O
OHC - Ocean heat content
O3 - (Tropospheric) Ozone
P
PDO - Pacific decadal oscillation
R
REDD – Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation mechanisms use market/financial incentives to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases from deforestation and forest degradation.
S
SSP - Shared Socioeconomic Pathways
SST - Sea surface temperature
SF6 - Sulfur hexafluoride
T
TEWI - Total equivalent warming impact
U
UHI - Urban heat island
W
WMO - World Meteorological Organization
See also
Glossary of climate change
References
Climate change
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Tarka, Nigeria
Tarka is a Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. Its headquarters is in the town of Wannune.
It has an area of 371 km and a population of 79,494 at the 2006 census.
The postal code of the area is 981.
References
Local Government Areas in Benue State
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Allan C. Spradling
Allan C. Spradling is an American scientist and principal investigator at the Carnegie Institution for Science and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute who studies egg development in the model organism, Drosophila melanogaster, a fruit fly. He is considered a leading researcher in the developmental genetics of the fruit fly egg and has developed a number of techniques in his career that have led to greater understanding of fruit fly genetics including contributions to sequencing its genome. He is also an adjunct professor at Johns Hopkins University and at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
Education
Spradling obtained an A.B. in physics from the University of Chicago and a Ph.D. in cell biology from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Career
Spradling and fellow American geneticist Gerald M. Rubin are considered pioneers in the field of genetics for their work in the early 1980s with their idea to "attach" a gene to a Drosophila transposon, P elements, known to insert itself into fruit fly's chromosomes. From this research came work from other scientists on transposons as a tool for genetic alterations in organisms.
In 2003 Spradling was awarded the Beadle Medal and in 2008 Spradling was awarded the Gruber Prize in Genetics for his work on the Drosophila genome and continues his work in investigating novel technological approaches to genetics, egg development and stem cells. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2016.
References
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Living people
American geneticists
University of Chicago alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science alumni
Johns Hopkins University faculty
Howard Hughes Medical Investigators
1949 births
Members of the American Philosophical Society
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Ukum
Ukum is a Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. It has an area of and a population of 216,930 at the 2006 census.
The postal code of the area is 980.
References
Local Government Areas in Benue State
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KanJam
Kan Jam (sometimes spelled kanjam, KanJam, or Kan-Jam) is a flying disc game, played with a flying disc and two cans into which players deflect the disc. Teams of two players take turns tossing a disc between two plastic cans, scoring points if the disc hits or is deflected into one of the cans. The game is played to a target score of exactly 21, but a team can also win if a player throws the disc through the slot or top of a can without the help of their teammate.
Kan Jam was developed in Western New York and is now played worldwide.
Origin
Kan Jam was created in the 1980s by Charles Sciandra and Paul Swisher in Buffalo, New York, originally being called "Garbage Can Frisbee". "Garbage Can Frisbee" was created in the late 1970s by Rob Mogensen, Joe Raymond, John Kopasz and Jim Heron, four friends from Tonawanda, NY. The game was started just by the four friends messing around, and throwing a disc into a garbage can. Sciandra and Swisher were introduced to "Garbage Can Frisbee" by a common friend to the game's originators. The originators were recognized by Sciandra and Swisher at several of the Kan Jam World Championship events. The game was mostly played locally in the Buffalo area until the mid 1990s, when Sciandra and Swisher established a company and adapted the original "Garbage Can Frisbee" to Kan Jam. The developers sought a patent for the concept but ran into problems distinguishing it from other pre-existing games—most notably the game of Tiddlywinks—although this obstacle was overcome through the introduction of the "instant win" feature. After several years of development, a patent was granted and Kan Jam went on sale in 2005.
Sales started after the developers were able to sell the game to schools in North Tonawanda, the district in which Swisher works as a science teacher, as part of their physical education program. In 2006, Swisher sold his share to Mitchel Rubin. Sciandra and Rubin reorganized the company and founded Kan Jam LLC, made the game more retail- and user-friendly, and began selling games from their basement. By 2007, approximately 14,000 units were sold. They moved their operation to a larger facility.
Kan Jam is now played in all 50 states, across Canada, the Caribbean, Australia, New Zealand, across Europe and many other countries around the world.
Variations of the original game include Kan Jam Mini and Kan Jam Splash. Kan Jam Mini is designed to be played indoors or out, on table tops, the floor and anywhere it fits. The Kan Jam Mini has a smaller goal and disc than the original game. Kan Jam Splash is designed to be played in water and has a buoyant base. The Kan Jam Splash also has a smaller sized goal and disc.
In 2017 Kan Jam released "Kan Jam Hard Count", a football game designed and created by collaborators PJ Tudisco and Andy Wheeler. Kan Jam Hard Count has elements of football, Ultimate Frisbee and basketball using two cone-shaped goals as the scoring vessels. The game is played in a 20 yard space and incorporates passing, catching and route running. KJ Hard Count is fast paced and is cardiovascularly intense.
In 2018, Sciandra and Rubin sold a majority stake in KanJam LLC to a consortium of private equity firms. Under the terms of the sale, the two will remain executives with the company, retain minority stakes in the corporation and ensure that the game remains manufactured by Western New York factories.
Rules
The object of the game is to score points by throwing and deflecting the flying disc and hitting or entering the goal. The game ends when a team scores exactly 21 points or "chogs" the disc for an instant win. A team must get exactly 21 points to win. If a throw raises a team's score above 21, the points from that throw are deducted from the team's score. For example, if a team has 20 points, and a teammate redirects the disc into the kan for a 3-point bucket, their score is reduced to 17 points. In the event of a tie (both teams have 21 points at the end of a round), additional rounds are played until one team has more points than the other at the end of a round.
A coin toss or similar procedure is used to determine which team goes first. The game is broken up into turns, with an equal number of turns for each team. However, this does not apply in the case of an instant win. The goals ("kans") are spaced approximately 50 feet apart. A team consists of two people each standing at opposing ends of the playing field. One player throws the disc, while the other acts as the "deflector," who is free to move anywhere, unlike the thrower, but the deflector may not catch, carry, or double hit the disc. The original deflector then throws the disc back to the original thrower from his end in order to score, and then the next team takes their turn.
No points are awarded if the thrower goes over the line, or if the disc hits the ground before reaching the goal.
Points are awarded for a dinger, when the flying disc is deflected by your partner into the side of the kan (1 point), a deuce (a.k.a. "direct hit" or "direct"), when the flying disc hits the side of the kan without help from the deflector (2 points), or a bucket, when the flying disc is deflected through the top or into the front slot (3 points). In addition, when a player throws the disc into the middle of the kan through the front slot or the top without help from the deflector the disc must stay in the bucket, they score an instant win.
Perfect game
A perfect game occurs when one team reaches the 21 points in only 7 shots. This would require the team to score all 3-point or bucket shots. A perfect game can be overthrown if The Hammer (on the opposing team) throws the last shot as an instant win. If this happens there is no longer a perfect game. A perfect game also does not count if the opposing team keeps up the momentum and also scores 7 bucket shots which will send the game into overtime.
Tournaments
There are two official Kan Jam Tournaments, the World Championship, and the Klassic. The Klassic has been played every year since 2004, the World Championship since 1990. The World Championship is held in North Tonawanda, NY, on the 2nd Saturday of August. Notable teams include Dorkus Malorkus, who have won four championships and four Klassics, Rebel Survivors who have won three championships and three Klassics, and Sole Survivors who have won three championships and two Klassics. 2014's championship was won by "Stallion Survivors". Ross Urugbezi was the 2019 KanJam World champion after beating 31 other competitors.
The most notable local league is called Woodbridge PDFA (formally known as KanJam Woodbridge). The initial season was held in 2019. The 732 Boyz won with members Kevin Lynch and Joe Dunn. Following the 2019 season, the league was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2021, Free Jamples won. In 2022, the American Lovers defeated the 732 Boyz for their first Championship. The 2023 tournament is set for August 27th, 2023.
References
External links
Company Web site
Kan Jam Slot Dimensions Infographic
Flying disc games
Sports in Buffalo, New York
Culture of Buffalo, New York
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Ushongo
Ushongo is a Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. Its headquarters is Lessel town, Ushongo Local government Area of Benue State.
It has an area of and a population of 188,341 at the 2006 census.
Ushongo Local Government postal code is 982.
References
Local Government Areas in Benue State
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Latxa
The Latxa (; ) is a breed of domestic sheep native to the Basque Country of Spain. Mostly contained within the provinces of Biscay, Gipuzkoa and Navarre, Latxa are dairy sheep whose unpasteurized milk is used to produce Idiazábal and Roncal cheeses. There are two sub-types of the breed, a dark-faced and a blonde.
The breed is a medium or small-sized sheep with long, coarse wool. Ewes are polled or have short horns, while rams always possess long, spiral horns. The name latxa itself refers to the rough quality of the wool, which is largely an agricultural byproduct today.
Traditionally, Latxa sheep have been managed by moving the flock to mountain pastures in summer when the ewes have finished lactating, with cheese-making taking place on the farm. Some flocks are moved while still lactating, with the animals being hand-milked on the high pastures. Since 1982, a breeding scheme has been introduced and new production methods tested. Artificial insemination is being used to provide earlier lambing and prolong the breeding season and machine milking is taking the place of hand milking. The mountain pasture is still used as a "free" resource, and the sheep do not compete with cattle and horses which graze the more level areas, because the sheep prefer herbaceous plants on more steeply sloping land.
Latxa have a seasonal lactation cycle which does not produce as great a volume of milk as other dairy breeds. Recently some Basque Country farmers have begun to use hybrid Assaf sheep, which some maintain does not meet the Denomination of Origin for the cheese.
References
Further reading
Sheep breeds
Sheep breeds originating in Spain
Basque domestic animal breeds
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Swimming at the 1952 Summer Olympics – Women's 100 metre backstroke
The women's 100 metre backstroke event at the 1952 Olympic Games took place on 29–31 July at the Swimming Stadium. This swimming event used the backstroke. Because an Olympic-size swimming pool is 50 metres long, this race consisted of two lengths of the pool.
Medalists
Results
Heats
Eight fastest swimmer advanced to the finals.
Heat 1
Heat 2
Heat 3
Final
Key: DSQ = Disqualified
References
External links
Women 100m Backstroke Swimming Olympic Games 1952 Helsinki (FIN), retrieved 2013-12-30
Women's backstroke 100 metre
1952 in women's swimming
Women's events at the 1952 Summer Olympics
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Luis de Quixano y Font
Luis de Quixano y Font (c. 1810 - c. 1880) was Mayor of Ponce, Puerto Rico, from 11 July 1863 to 23 June 1865.
Background
Quixano Font was a retired Spanish colonel that performed as corregidor mayor of Ponce. He was also an early propeller of the celebration of the fiestas patronales in Ponce.
Mayoral term
Luis de Quixano y Font is best known for building the now-historic 65-kiosk Plaza del Mercado de Ponce in 1863.
Occupying a full city block, this farmers' market was modeled after the Paris farmers' market. Luis de Quixano is also credited with setting up the first lighting of the city, when he ordered the installation of 16 oil-based lampposts around Plaza Las Delicias in 1864. Upon leaving his mayoral duties in Ponce on 23 June 1865, Quixano y Font became mayor of San German.
See also
List of Puerto Ricans
List of mayors of Ponce, Puerto Rico
Notes
References
Further reading
Ramon Marin. Las Fiestas Populares de Ponce. Editorial Universidad de Puerto Rico. 1994.
External links
Guardia Civil española (c. 1898) (Includes military ranks in 1880s Spanish Empire.)
Mayors of Ponce, Puerto Rico
1810s births
1880s deaths
Year of birth uncertain
Year of death uncertain
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Lufilufi
Lufilufi is a historical village situated on the north coast of Upolu island in Samoa. The village is part of the electoral constituency (Faipule District) Anoamaa East which is within the larger political district of Atua. The village's population is 949.
Lufilufi is the traditional center of the Atua district and is the residence of the royal Tui Atua pāpā title. Governed by the 'Faleono' (House of six) orator group, it is also vested with the authority to appoint the Tui Atua. Lufilufi's honorific salutation includes the title of 'Matua o Atua''', (the Head, or Elder of Atua).
Origins
Lufilufi was part of the older territory of Falefa until the reign of Tui Atua Polailevao. A chief by the name of Velova'a (also called Tautaifau in other versions) was out fishing and having caught enough fish, prepared to head to Asau to visit his father, Tufuga. As he passed through the area, he was hailed by the Tui Atua and summoned into his residence - Mulinu'ū ma Sepolata'emo - where the boy Seleanamani was present, serving the Tui Atua. Seleanamani was then ordered to divide the fish and distribute it to the three great districts of Atua: Anoama'a along the northern coast, Itu Salefao along the southern coast, and Aleipata on the Easter end. The head of the fish was to be sent to Aleipata, the body to remain in Anoama'a, and the tail was given to Itu Salefao, on the south coast of Atua.
Having been pleased with Seleanamani's skill at dividing the fish, the Tui Atua hailed him as Selelimalelei and designated the place of this event as Lufilufi (which means the cutting up of food). The charter and salutations of Atua make reference to this story in its salutations to the three respective districts of Atua, salutations based upon the origins of Lufilufi:Tulouna ao o Atua (Aleipata)Tulouna uso o Atua (Anoama'a)Tulouna i'u o Atua (Itu Salefao) Seat of power
Lufilufi is the political centre of Atua. The sovereign of Atua is the Tui Atua, who both resides and has its investiture ceremony at Mulinu'ū ma Sepolata'emo in Lufilufi. Within Lufilufi is the Faleono (House of six), six families whose orators govern Lufilufi are vested with the authority to appoint the Tui Atua. Lufilufi's Faleono and its attendant privileges mirror that of its Tumua counterpart Faleiva in Leulumoega. Mulinu'ū ma Sepolata'emo is also where the tama-a-aiga Tupua Tamasese title investiture ceremony is held.
Lufilufi's authority in Atua is reflected by its title as Matua o Ātua, (the elder of Ātua). The six orators of Lufilufi also summon the Fale Atua (what can be called the 'parliament' of Ātua), to ascertain its members views on a prospective holder of the pāpā Tui Atua title when the title is vacant. The Fale Atua decides with the Tui Ātua in matters of war and state. This 'parliament' comprises the six tulafale of Lufilufi and 13 other senior matai of Ātua - the respective rulers of Falefā, Solosolo, Saleaumua, Luatuanu'u. Samusu, Lotofaga, Saoluafata and Lepā. Of those 13 matai, nine are tulafale and four are ali'i. The members of Ātua's governing parliament form an exclusive group, as only the most senior matai in Ātua can sit in it.
At various times throughout its history, Lufilufi has been the seat of the malo -'' executive power. This has been contested between Lufilufi and Leulumoega throughout Samoa's history, with notable exceptions to this norm from Manono during the rule of Tamafaiga.
Honorific salutations
O le Fa'alupega o Lufilufi
Malae fono
Lalogafu'afu'a
Maota o Tupu
Mulinu'ū ma Sepolata'emo
See also
Archaeology in Samoa
Situated in Lufilufi is the Methodist Piula Theological College and Piula Cave Pool.
References
Populated places in Atua (district)
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Mink Mile
Mink Mile is an upscale shopping district in the neighbourhood of Yorkville in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, along Bloor Street between Yonge Street and Avenue Road.
History
In the 21st century, mid-market retailers have begun to locate along the Mink Mile. In 2005, Winners and La Senza opened stores, later followed by Club Monaco, J. Crew, Banana Republic, French Connection, Puma, Aldo, Aritzia, American Apparel, Roots Canada Ltd, Guess, Nike, Zara, Roots, Lululemon, Sephora, Gap, and H&M. Discount retailer, Labels 4 Less, opened their own store in 2008, to the disappointment of many of its neighbours but was replaced shortly by Hugo Boss.
Begun in 2008, the Bloor-Yorkville Business Improvement Area and the City of Toronto updated the streetscape from Church Street to Avenue Road, creating an enhanced pedestrian experience with widened sidewalks, mature trees, flower gardens, modern lighting, and public art. The project was completed in 2013.
Retail
Mink Mile has been recognized as one of the most luxurious shopping streets in North America, being compared to New York's Fifth Avenue, Chicago's Magnificent Mile, and Los Angeles' Rodeo Drive. Demand remained high on the Mink Mile, according to real estate firm, Cushman and Wakefield. In 2005, retail space rents were $110 per square foot. The 2010 Cushman and Wakefield report indicate rents of $198 per square foot, while the Q407 Toronto Retail Report in 2010 mentions deals reaching $300 per square foot, making the Mink Mile the third most expensive retail street in North America. This has led to higher rents on nearby Cumberland St. and Yorkville Ave., with several new developments asking $125 per square foot. Expensive Indian fashion boutique INDIVA, which moved to a smaller boutique on Yorkville Ave., claims that the monthly rent at their previous location was $85,000.
Many independent retailers struggle to meet these demands, and many in past years have closed or relocated to other streets. However, it is estimated that some retailers pull in more than $2000 per square foot in sales. In 2008, the stretch of Bloor was named the seventh most expensive shopping street in the world by Fortune Magazine, claiming tenants can make $1,500 to $4,500 per square foot in sales. In 2012, Mink Mile commands an average rent of $310 per square foot, making it the most expensive place in Canada to lease retail space and the third most expensive retail space in North America.
Several international luxury retailers have shops in the area including Hermès, Louis Vuitton, Dior, Gucci, Prada, Chanel, Cartier, Burberry, Dolce & Gabbana, Escada, MCM, Versace, Brunello Cucinelli, Christian Louboutin, Tiffany & Co., Coach, Saint Laurent, and a 50,000 square foot Harry Rosen flagship. Holt Renfrew also has its flagship department store on 50 Bloor Street and a Men's store at 100 Bloor Street.
There are also other midrange and upscale stores, such as Max Mara, Moncler, Brooks Brothers, Roots Canada, Sephora, H&M, and Aritzia.
Eataly, a large format Italian marketplace, also operates a substantial flagship store on the street. Occupying a 50,000 Sq FT location in the newly renovated Manulife Centre.
Shopping centres
Cumberland Terrace
Manulife Centre
Hudson's Bay Centre
Holt Renfrew Centre
References
See also
Robson Street
Shopping districts and streets in Canada
Economy of Toronto
Streets in Toronto
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Abadam
Abadam is a remote Local Government Area of Borno State, Nigeria, on the western coast of Lake Chad. It borders Chad and Niger, and it's very close to Cameroon, in 2016 its population is projected to be 140,000 inhabitants, It has its headquarters in the town of Malumfatori. Security, Healthcare, infrastructure, and climate change are some of the major challenges in Abadam Local government.
Landscape
It has a landmass area of 3,973 km
Population
Abadam has a total population of100, 180 in 2006 population census
Postal Code
The postal code of the area is 602.
History
It is one of the sixteen LGAs that constitute the Borno Emirate, a traditional state located in Borno State, Nigeria.
Cases of Insurgency
In October 2014, Boko Haram fighters took over Abadam town, with at least 40 deaths, but fled after an attack by Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) troops. Local residents, some of whom had fled to Niger border areas, were urged to return.
On 2 February 2015, the Nigerian Army said it had recaptured Abadam from Boko Haram, along with the nearby towns of Gamboru, Mafa, Mallam Fatori, and Marte, following joint military operations by Nigerian and Cameroonian forces, civilian forces, and three days of Chadian airstrikes. A bomb dropped by an air strike and smashed the midst of a mourning ceremony, which injured 27 peoples and killed 37 persons. Borno State senator Baba Kak Garbai however stated in February 2016 that the group still controlled Abadam. Major General Lucky Irabor also stated in August 2016 that Abadam was under control of the militants.
References
Local Government Areas in Borno State
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José Ortiz de la Renta
José Ortiz de la Renta (c. 1765 – c. 1850) was Mayor of Ponce, Puerto Rico, from 1812 to 1814, 1815 to 1816, 1820 to 1821, 1823 to 1826, 1837 to 1838, 1842 to 1843, 1843 to 1844, and in 1846. He has the distinction of having held the office of mayor of Ponce the most — eight times. He was an hacendado.
Background
Like José Casimiro Ortíz de la Renta and Francisco Ortíz de la Renta, José Ortiz de la Renta was a descendant of the founders of San Germán, on the hills of Santa Marta, next to Río Guanajibo, in 1573.<ref>Francisco Lluch Mora. Orígenes y Fundación de Ponce, y otras noticias relativas a su desarrollo urbano, demográfico y cultural (Siglos XVI-XIX). San Juan, Puerto Rico: Editorial Plaza Mayor. Segunda Edición. 2006. p. 39.</ref> He was an hacienda owner and in 1827 owned 16 slaves.
First mayoral term (1812)
As Ponce has had a municipal council since 1812, Mayor Ortiz de la Renta was the first mayor of Ponce with a legislative council. José Ortiz de la Renta was the first alcalde constitutional elected by popular vote, in 1812, as a result of the Constitución de Cádiz (Cádiz Constitution). During his first mayoral term, Ortiz de la Renta was mayor from 1 January 1812 to 31 December 1813. His deputy mayor was Joaquin Mercado, and the regidores in the municipal council were: Juan Gonzalez, Pedro Vazquez, Santiago Suarez, Juan Ramon Quintana, Miguel Ortiz de Mathos, Antonio Ortiz de la Renta, Jose Antonio Collazo, and Clemente del Toro.
Second mayoral term (1815)
During his second mayoral term, Ortiz de la Renta was mayor from 1 January 1815 to 2 January 1816. He led the municipality in the capacity of Teniente a guerra.
Third mayoral term (1820)
During his third mayoral term, Ortiz de la Renta performed again as an alcalde constitucional.In 1820, the first known division of the Ponce territory into barrios took place.Barrios de Ponce. Antepasados Esclavos.(From: Pedro Tomás de Córdoba. Memorias geográficas, históricas, económicas y estadísticas de la Isla de Puerto Rico.) Retrieved 19 June 2012. During his third mayoral term, Ortiz de la Renta was mayor from the moment José de Toro left the mayoral administration sometime after 3 June 1820 until 31 December 1820.
Ortiz de la Renta's third mayoral term coincided with Ponce's second ayuntamiento. The ayuntamiento was composed of Ortiz de la Renta as mayor (in the role of Alcalde constitucional); Gregorio Medina (Alcalde segundo); Regidores were: Fernando Gandia, Antonio Algarra, Juan Pablo Aponte, José Pica, Domingo Clavell, Antonio González, Antonio Vazquez Zayas, Juan José Quintana; and Síndicos Procuradores were: Benito Paz Falcón and Esteban Dros.
Fourth mayoral term (1823)
During his forth mayoral term, Ortiz de la Renta performed as alcalde propietario. However, little is known about this period as there are no Acts in the Municipality for the period 1824 to 1834, affecting the period while he was mayor as well.
On 10 March 1823, the barrios of Cayabo and Caonillas, which on that date were still part of the municipality of Ponce, ceased to be part of Ponce and became part of Juana Diaz, and later, in 1917, formed their own municipality, Villalba.
In July 1825, there is a revolt in Ponce by slaves due to the large number of slaves that were up for sale, but the revolt failed. During his fourth mayoral term, Ortiz de la Renta was mayor from 1 January 1823 to 31 December 1825.
Fifth mayoral term (1837)
During his fifth mayoral term, Ortiz de la Renta performed as an alcalde. During this term he was mayor from 1 January 1837 to 31 December 1837.
Sixth mayoral term (1842)
During his sixth mayoral term, Ortiz de la Renta performed as alcalde. During this term, Ortiz de la Renta was mayor from 6 January 1842 to 31 December 1842.
Seventh mayoral term (1843)
During his seventh mayoral term, Ortiz de la Renta performed again as alcalde propietario. During this term, he was mayor from the day when mayor Juan Rondon left city hall in 1843 until 31 December 1843.
Eighth mayoral term (1846)
During his eighth mayoral term, Ortiz de la Renta performed again as alcalde. During this eighth and last mayoral term, he mayored from 1 April 1846 to 30 June 1846.
Honors
Ortiz de la Renta is honored at Ponce's Park of Illustrious Ponce Citizens. Of over 100 Ponce mayors, only six are honored there. In Ponce there is a street in Urbanizacion Las Delicias of Barrio Magueyes named after him.
See also
List of mayors of Ponce, Puerto Rico
List of Puerto Ricans
Notes
References
Further reading
Fay Fowlie de Flores. Ponce, Perla del Sur: Una Bibliográfica Anotada. Second Edition. 1997. Ponce, Puerto Rico: Universidad de Puerto Rico en Ponce. p. 243. Items 1231 and 1232.
Ramon E. Miranda Torres. "Don Jose Ortiz de la Renta en la Historia de Ponce." Dialogo.'' Diciembre 1986-Enero 1987. page 28.
Ramon E. Miranda Torres. "Don Jose Ortiz de la Renta en la Historia de Ponce." Tesis de Maestría (In Spanish). San Juan, Puerto Rico: Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Puerto Rico y el Caribe. 1986. (Archivo Histórico de Ponce, AHP / Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Puerto Rico y el Caribe, CEAPRC / Colegio Universitario Tecnológico de Ponce, CUTPO)
Mayors of Ponce, Puerto Rico
Burials at Panteón Nacional Román Baldorioty de Castro
Year of birth uncertain
Year of death uncertain
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Marte, Nigeria
Marte is a Local Government Area of Borno State, Nigeria, on the western coast of Lake Chad. Its headquarters are in the town of Marte
It has an area of 3,154 km and a population of 129,370 at the 2006 census.
The postal code of the area is 611.
It is one of the sixteen LGAs that constitute the Borno Emirate, a traditional state located in Borno State, Nigeria.
Agriculture
In 2013, according to PM News,
5,000 hectares (12,355 acres) of wheat and rice were left to rot in the Marte area of Borno near Lake Chad after 19,000 farmers abandoned their farms. “We lost 200 metric tonnes of wheat as a result of the exodus,” said Abubakar Gabra Iliya, head of the Lake Chad Basin Development Agency, based in the Borno state capital, Maiduguri. A 2012 NEMA report said that violence linked to the Boko Haram insurgency has caused 60 percent of farmers to leave the fertile region.
Climate
The annual temperature in Marte, Nigeria's Subtropical steppe climate, is 34.39 °C (93.9 °F), with 38.89 mm of precipitation and 65.83 wet days.
Boko Haram violence
In May 2014, Boko Haram attacked villages in Marte LGA, according to The Punch. Kirenowa town had about 20 deaths, with one observer stating that over 60 houses were burnt. In the town of Ngurmuji, over 40 deaths were reported.
In Gurmushi Village, a "remote border community" on the Nigeria-Cameroon border, 40 deaths were reported. However, this claim could not be verified as of May 28.
On 2 February 2015, the Nigerian Army said it had recaptured Marte from Boko Haram, along with the nearby towns of Gamboru, Mafa, Mallam Fatori, and Abadam, following joint military operations by Nigerian and Cameroonian forces, civilian forces, and three days of Chadian airstrikes. However, in August 2016, Borno State government stated that Marte still hadn't been fully cleared of Boko Haram control.
On 16 January 2021, Islamic State West Africa Province (ISWAP) fighters armed with machine guns overran the military base in Marte. ISWAP said seven were killed and one person was captured. They said they seized weapons, ammunition, six-wheel vehicles, and burned down the barracks.
References
Local Government Areas in Borno State
Populated places in Borno State
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Preah Peay Phat
Preah Peay Phat () is a 1971 Khmer film directed by Ly You Sreang starring Kong Som Eun and Vichara Dany.
Plot
A peasant, Chivon, played by Kong Som Eun, falls in love with the daughter of a wealthy man, "Preah Peay Phat", Vichara Dany. Chivon does everything he can in order to get his lovers attention but they are forbidden to see each other. When the peasant falls in love with another woman, Preah Peay Phat is heartbroken. That is when the terrible news is revealed, Preah Peay Phat and Chivon are brothers and sisters.
Cast
Kong Som Eun
Vichara Dany
Phoung Phavy
Soundtrack
References
1971 films
Cambodian drama films
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Megaskepasma
Megaskepasma is a monotypic genus of plants containing the single species Megaskepasma erythrochlamys, known by the common name Brazilian red-cloak. Native to Venezuela and elsewhere in South America, it is a free branching, upright showy tropical shrub that grows to 3 m high with appressed reddish hairs, stout stems, and broad ovate 12–30 cm long dark green leaves with pink midrib. It is grown as an ornamental shrub in climates from warm temperate to tropical for its inflorescence, large erect heads of conspicuous crimson bracts, and two-lipped white flowers. This plant prefers a rich soil and is propagated from seed or cuttings.
References
Ellison, Don (1999) Cultivated Plants of the World. London: New Holland (1st ed.: Brisbane: Flora Publications International, 1995)
Graf, Alfred Byrd (1986) Tropica: color cyclopedia of exotic plants and trees for warm-region horticulture--in cool climate the summer garden or sheltered indoors; 3rd ed. East Rutherford, N.J.: Roehrs Co
Acanthaceae
Acanthaceae genera
Monotypic Lamiales genera
Garden plants
Flora of Southern America
Flora of Venezuela
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Leonard Dawe
Leonard Sydney Dawe (3 November 1889 – 12 January 1963) was an English amateur footballer who played in the Southern League for Southampton between 1912 and 1913, and made one appearance for the England national amateur football team in 1912. He later became a schoolteacher and crossword compiler for The Daily Telegraph newspaper and in 1944 was interrogated on suspicion of espionage in the run-up to the D-Day landings.
Early career
Dawe was born in Brentford in west London and was educated at Portsmouth Grammar School, before going up to Emmanuel College at the University of Cambridge. In his final year at the university, he earned his football "blue" when he played in the 1912 match against the University of Oxford, scoring in his side's 3–1 victory.
Football career
In March 1912, he signed on amateur terms for Southampton of the Southern League, making his debut in a 1–0 victory over Plymouth Argyle on 30 March. On his debut, he laid on the game's only goal for Percy Prince. The local daily paper, The Echo, reported that "Dawe was decidedly plucky to 'get in it'." Dawe always took the field wearing spectacles and one of his lenses was broken during his debut game.
Dawe continued to make occasional appearances for Southampton over the next twelve months, although his studies and teaching career prevented him from appearing more often. In his eleven league appearances for the "Saints", he scored three goals, including two against Watford on 13 April 1912.
Dawe was a member of the Great Britain squad for the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, Sweden, but was not selected to play. He did, however, make one appearance for the England national amateur football team when he played against Ireland in Belfast in October 1912.
By the end of the 1912–13 season, Dawe had severed his connection with Southampton and had joined Ilford in north-east London.
Teaching career
In 1913, Dawe obtained a teaching position (teaching science) at Forest School in the Walthamstow area of north-east London before joining St Paul's School based at Barnes. In 1926, he joined Strand School in the Tulse Hill area of south London, progressing to become the school's head teacher. Dawe was described as a "disciplinarian and a man of extremely high principle". At Strand School, he was known as "'moneybags", in allusion to his initials, L.S.D. (pounds, shillings and pence).
Military career
During World War I, Dawe was commissioned as a second lieutenant for service with the Forest School Officer Training Corps on 20 February 1915, transferring to the Hampshire Regiment "local reserve" on 9 May 1916. Whilst with the Hampshire Regiment, he served in the Mesopotamia campaign from September 1917.
After the war, he transferred as a lieutenant from a service battalion of the Hampshires to St Paul's School OTC on 29 April 1920, being promoted to major with St Paul's OTC on 25 August 1926, but resigned that commission on 16 October 1926.
Crossword compiler
In 1925, he commenced compiling crosswords for The Daily Telegraph newspaper and was one of the first compilers to use "cryptic" clues. The first Daily Telegraph crossword, compiled by Dawes, appeared on 30 July 1925 – he continued to compile crosswords until his death in 1963.
During the Second World War Strand School was evacuated to Effingham, Surrey. Dawe was living at Leatherhead in 1944.
The Dieppe and D-Day crosswords
In 1944, several codenames related to the D-Day plans, such as "Utah" and "Mulberry", appeared as solutions in Dawe's crosswords in The Daily Telegraph. The inclusion of the codewords was initially suspected by the British Secret Services to be a form of espionage, but it was determined that Dawe had got the words from boys at the school, who had overheard them from soldiers.
"Quest"
In 1992, Dawe's life was the basis for an album, "Quest", by the neo-progressive rock band, Final Conflict – the album is about an ordinary man like Dawe imagining he is on trial for the failings in his life.
References
External links
Untold Stories of D-Day
1889 births
1963 deaths
Footballers from Brentford
People educated at The Portsmouth Grammar School
Alumni of Emmanuel College, Cambridge
English men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Dulwich Hamlet F.C. players
Cambridge University A.F.C. players
Southampton F.C. players
Ilford F.C. players
Southern Football League players
England men's amateur international footballers
British Army personnel of World War I
Military personnel from London
Royal Hampshire Regiment officers
Crossword creators
Operation Overlord
Schoolteachers from London
Gosport United F.C. players
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Askira/Uba
Askira/Uba is a Local Government Area of Borno State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Askira.
It has an area of 2,362 km and a population of 138,091 at the 2006 census.
The postal code of the area is 601.
One of the villages of Askira/Uba, Lassa, was the origin of a new virus found in the blood of returning American missionaries, and first identified by a virology research team in a laboratory at Yale University, who named it "Lassa virus" after the location where it first appeared.
In July 2014, the villages of Huyim and Dille in Askira/Uba LGA were attacked by suspected Boko Haram gunmen, with nine and thirty-eight deaths respectively. The attackers came from the Sambisa Forest. Displaced residents "need help from governments and spirited individuals."
References
Local Government Areas in Borno State
Populated places in Borno State
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Ganjiramayyapetha
GanjiRamayyapetha is a hamlet in the Sironcha Tehsil of Gadchiroli district of Maharashtra, India.
Geography
Ganjiramayyapetha is located at 18°50′N 79°58′E18.83°N 79.96°E. It has an average elevation of 118 metres (390 feet).
Education
There exists a primary school that caters to the educational needs of the residents of the village.
Transport
Ganjiramayyapetha is connected by the State Road Transport services to Sironcha, Ankisa, Gadchiroli, Aheri, Chandrapur, Nagpur and Wardha via Sironcha. Ganjiramayyapetha is also connected to Telangana state capital Hyderabad and some popular city like Warngal, Karimnagar, Manchiriyal via Sironcha.
References
Villages in Gadchiroli district
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Bama, Nigeria
Bama is a local government area of Borno State, Nigeria. It has its headquarters in the town of Bama.
Landscape
It has an area of 4,997 km2.
Population
The population was recorded as 269,986 in the 2006 census.
Climate
Bama has a Subtropical steppe climate (Classification: BSh). The district’s yearly temperature is 31.88ºC (89.38ºF) and it is 2.42% higher than Nigeria’s averages. Bama typically receives about 36.06 millimeters (1.42 inches) of precipitation and has 61.03 rainy days (16.72% of the time) annually.
Postal Code
The postal code of the area is 610.
History
It is located "about 60 kilometres (37 miles) from Maiduguri, the capital of Borno state".
It is one of the sixteen LGAs that constitute the Dikwa Emirate, a traditional state located in Borno State, Nigeria.
Insurgency Cases
The town was attacked by Boko Haram in May 2013 and February 2014.
,
The two border towns of Bama and Gwoza have been cut off since the declaration of a state of emergency with soldiers blocking the roads linking the town to the state capital, Maiduguri ...
Escapees from Bama were forced to take bush routes through Dikwa, a town 60km away from Bama and 150km from Maiduguri to get to the state capital.
On September 2, 2014, Boko Haram seized control of Bama, according to the town's residents.
In December 2014, it was reported that "people too elderly to flee Gwoza Local Government Area were being rounded up and taken to two schools where the militants opened fire on them." Over 50 elderly people were killed. A "gory video" was released of insurgents shooting over a hundred civilians in a school dormitory in the town of Bama.
On 16 March 2015, the Nigerian army said that it had recaptured the city.
On 22 June 2016, the NGO Medicins Sans Frontiers (MSF) reported a "catastrophic humanitarian emergency" in a camp for refugees fleeing Boko Haram near the town of Bama. They stated that more than 1,200 people have died of starvation and illness at the camp. They also reported that between 23 May 2016 and 22 June 2016, at least 188 people have died at the camp (almost six per day), mainly from malnutrition and diarrhoea.
References
Local Government Areas in Borno State
Populated places in Borno State
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Len Barwell
Len Barwell was an association football player who represented New Zealand at international level.
Barwell made a single appearance in an official international for the All Whites in a 3–1 win over Australia on 8 July 1922
References
External links
Year of birth missing
New Zealand men's association footballers
New Zealand men's international footballers
Year of death missing
Men's association football forwards
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Bill Anton
William Charles Anton (c. 1901 – 1967) was an association football player who represented New Zealand at international level.
Anton made a single appearance in an official international for the All Whites in a 1–1 draw with Australia on 24 June 1922.
References
External links
1900s births
1967 deaths
New Zealand men's association footballers
New Zealand men's international footballers
Waterside Karori players
Men's association football forwards
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List of international cricket five-wicket hauls by Muttiah Muralitharan
In cricket, a five-wicket haul—also known as a five–for or fifer—refers to a bowler taking five or more wickets in a single innings. This is regarded as a notable achievement; only five bowlers have taken more than 30 five-wicket hauls in their Test cricketing careers. Sri Lankan cricketer Muttiah Muralitharan has the most five-wicket hauls in Test cricket, and also the second-highest number of five-wicket hauls in One Day Internationals (ODI). He did not take any five-wicket hauls in a Twenty20 International, where his best bowling figures were 3 wickets for 29 runs. One of the most experienced bowlers in international cricket, Muralitharan is the leading wicket taker in both Tests and ODIs. He was declared as the "best bowler ever" in Test cricket by the Wisden Cricketers' Almanack in 2002, and the Sri Lankan team depended heavily on the off spinner for wickets.
Muralitharan is well ahead of other bowlers by number of five-wicket hauls in Tests with 67 to his name; Australian cricketer Shane Warne ranks in second place with 37. Making his Test debut in 1992, Muralitharan took his first five-wicket haul a year later against South Africa. He performed this feat against every other Test playing nation. He went on to take ten or more wickets per match on 22 occasions—also a world record—while Shane Warne ranks second, having achieved this on 10 occasions. His career best is 9 wickets for 51 runs against Zimbabwe, which ranks as the world's fifth-best figures in an innings. He was most successful against Bangladesh and South Africa, with 11 five-wicket hauls against each team. Fourteen of Muralitharan's five-wicket hauls were taken at the Sinhalese Sports Club Ground (SSC) in Colombo, Sri Lanka. He retired from Test cricket in July 2010, capturing his 67th and final five-wicket haul during his last match.
In ODIs, Muralitharan is ranked second in number of five-wicket hauls to Pakistani cricketer Waqar Younis. He played his first ODI in 1993, and took his first ODI five-wicket haul in 1998 against Pakistan. He repeated this performance against seven different opponents. His career best of 7 wickets for 30 runs is the fourth-best bowling figures in ODI history.
Key
Tests
One Day Internationals
Notes
References
Specific
General
External links
Player profile of Muralitharan at Cricinfo
Muralitharan
Muralitharan, Muttiah
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John Dryden (footballer)
John Dryden was an association football player who represented New Zealand at international level.
Dryden made a single appearance in an official international for the All Whites in a 4–1 win over Australia on 30 June 1923.
References
Year of birth missing
New Zealand men's association footballers
New Zealand men's international footballers
Year of death missing
Men's association football players not categorized by position
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Lecithin retinol acyltransferase
Lecithin retinol acyltransferase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the LRAT gene.
Function
Lecithin retinol acyltransferase is a microsomal enzyme that catalyzes the esterification of all-trans-retinol into all-trans-retinyl ester during phototransduction, an essential reaction for the retinoid cycle in visual system and vitamin A status in liver.
Clinical significance
Mutations in this gene have been associated with early-onset severe retinal dystrophy.
LRAT was overexpressed in colorectal cancer cells compared to normal colonic epithelium. Strong LRAT expression was associated with a poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer.
See also
The Visual Cycle
References
Further reading
External links
GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Retinitis Pigmentosa Overview
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Bayo, Nigeria
Bayo is a Local Government Area of Borno State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town Briyel.
It has an area of 956 km and a population of 78,978 at the 2006 census.
The postal code of the area is 603.
It is one of the four LGAs that constitute the Biu Emirate, a traditional state located in Borno State, Nigeria.
References
Local Government Areas in Borno State
Populated places in Borno State
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Language festival (Esperanto)
A language festival () is a cultural and educational event held by Esperanto and other organizations in different countries around the world. The purpose of language festivals is to teach and provide information about the world's languages to people interested in languages and cultures, and to show the wealth and diversity of language. Language festivals also aim at demonstrating that all languages in the world are equally important and valuable, and that there should be no "major" and "minor" languages, which are ideas broadly promoted by Esperanto-speakers.
During the first Language Festival in France in 1995, 32 languages were presented. In the second festival in 1996 there were already 65 languages. In the third, 85. The biggest festivals up till now took place in China and England with more than 100 languages in both events.
History
The first language festival was held in 1995 by an American Esperantist, Dennis Keefe, in Tours, France. The following year, a festival organized in a similar way was held in Cheboksary, Russia. The Cheboksary Language Festival has since been the largest-scale language festival in Russia.
Since then, language festivals have been held in various countries of the world, such as Australia, Belgium, Finland, France, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine, United States and Venezuela. In 2008, Dennis Keefe organized a language festival at Nanjing University, China. In 2014, Ghil'ad Zuckermann founded the Adelaide Language Festival, Australia. In 2018, the first ever language festival in Indonesia was organized in Surabaya.
Language presentations and other events
Languages are presented at 20 to 60-minute introductory lessons. The presenter therein provides general information about the language, and often teaches the visitors to say a few simple phrases and sometimes to read and write in the language. There are usually several language lessons given at the same time (so-called "language parallels"), so that each visitor has to choose which presentation s/he would like to attend at each slot. Apart from language lessons, language festivals usually include introductory lectures on subjects related to languages and linguistics, as well as so-called "language clubs", which are places where visitors can speak to one another in a certain language, listen to music and see films in this language. Also, language festivals often include language concerts where songs in different languages are performed.
The presenters of the festival are by and large volunteers: language enthusiasts who agree to present one or more languages that they know without receiving any remuneration. However, in order to cover the expenses of holding the festival, some festivals introduce an entrance fee or ask visitors to donate if they like.
References
External links
Language Festival in Cheboksary (Russian, Esperanto, Chuvash, English, Italian, German)
Language Festival Association, Australia
Cultural festivals
Esperanto
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2008 Cherwell District Council election
The 2008 Cherwell District Council election took place on 1 May 2008 to elect members of Cherwell District Council in Oxfordshire, England. One third of the council was up for election and the Conservative Party stayed in overall control of the council.
The results saw the Conservatives win all of the seats that were contested in the election in a clean sweep. They gained 2 seats from Labour to have 44 of the 50 seats on the council, while the Liberal Democrats were not defending any seats in the election. In Banbury Neithrop ward, Martin Weir, a former Labour party member who joined the Conservatives earlier in the year, defeated his former colleague and mayor Surinder Dhesi to take the seat. The other gain came in Banbury Ruscote, with the defeats for Labour being blamed on the national political situation. The results meant that Labour were reduced to holding only 2 seats on the council behind the Liberal Democrats on 4.
After the election, the composition of the council was:
Conservative 44
Liberal Democrat 4
Labour 2
Election result
Ward results
References
2008 English local elections
2008
2000s in Oxfordshire
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Chibok
Chibok is a Local Government Area of Borno State, Nigeria, located in the southern part of the state. It has its headquarters in the town of Chibok. With eleven [11Political ward]
List of CHIBOK local government wards.
1 CHIBOK GARU
2 CHIBOK LIKAMA
3 CHIBOK WUNTAKU
4 GATAMARWA
5 KAUTIKARI
6 KORONGILIM
7 KUBURMBULA
8 MBALALA
9 MBOA KURA
10 SHIKARKIR
11 PEMI
Landscape
It has an area of 1,350 km²
Population
It has a population of 66,105 at the 2006 census, who are majorly Kibaku people.
Language
Most of the villages including mbalala town were all speaking the Kibaku language.
History
It is one of the sixteen LGAs that constitute the Borno Emirate, a traditional state in Borno State, northwest Nigeria.
In January 2015, the BringBackOurGirls group aired concerns over plans by the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) to exclude Chibok and some communities currently under the control of jihadist group Boko Haram from receiving permanent voter cards (PVCs) for the 2015 general election.
Boko Haram
In April 2014, nearly 300 girls & Sofiea Gambari, most of whom were Christian, were abducted from Chibok by Boko Haram.
In May 2014, Boko Haram attacked Chibok again.
In November 2014, it was reported that Boko Haram had taken control of the town and implemented Sharia law. The military announced a few days later that they had recaptured the town.
Climate
Chibok experiences two distinct season: the wet season which is hot, humid and mainly cloudy and the dry season which is hot and partly cloudy.
References
Further reading
Local Government Areas in Borno State
Populated places in Borno State
Cities in Nigeria
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Eddie Barton
Edward Barton is a former association football player who represented New Zealand at international level.
Barton made a single appearance in an official international for the All Whites in a 2–4 loss to Australia on 5 June 1933.
Barton was only the third player to score a hat-trick in the final of the Chatham Cup, putting three goals past the Millerton All Blacks goalkeeper in the 1932 Chatham Cup final.
References
Year of birth missing
Possibly living people
New Zealand men's association footballers
New Zealand men's international footballers
Men's association football forwards
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Billy Nicolle
William Nicolle is a former association football player who represented New Zealand at international level.
Nicolle made a single appearance in an official international for the All Whites in a 1–0 win over Canada on 9 July 1927.
References
Year of birth missing
Possibly living people
New Zealand men's association footballers
New Zealand men's international footballers
Men's association football players not categorized by position
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Joe Burke (New Zealand footballer)
Joseph Burke is a former association football player who represented New Zealand at international level.
Burke made a single appearance in an official international for the All Whites in a 1–0 win over Canada on 9 July 1927.
References
Year of birth missing
Possibly living people
New Zealand men's association footballers
New Zealand men's international footballers
20th-century New Zealand people
Men's association football players not categorized by position
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Beautiful Life (Bruce Guthro album)
Beautiful Life is the 2006 fourth album from Canadian artist Bruce Guthro. The album produced the singles "Beautiful Life", "Montreal", "Holy Road" and "Touch".
Track listing
"Beautiful Life" – 3:11
"Wait" – 3:15
"Touch" – 3:25
"Come To Life" – 3:01
"Montreal" – 3:49
"Holy Road" – 3:56
"Here For You" – 4:01
"Full Blown Star" – 3:07
"Be Still" – 4:10
"Again" – 3:32
"Gwyneth's Song" – 4:00
"Jerusalem" – 2:39
"Someone" – 5:57
Personnel
Dave Burton – drums
Kim Dunn – piano, keyboards, wurlitzer
David Francey – background vocals
Jamie Gatti – bass
Great Big Sea – background vocals
Bruce Guthro – guitar, composer, vocals
Trine Mikkelsen – viola
Chris Mitchell – flute, soprano saxophone
Jamie Robinson – guitar, mandolin, electric guitar
Robert Barrie - News Voice (Jerusalem)
and
Christopher Mitchell – assistant engineer
Martin Dam Kristensen – photography
External links
2006 albums
Bruce Guthro albums
Albums produced by Malcolm Burn
EMI Records albums
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Tida Sok Puos
Tida Sok Puos () or Snake Hair is a 1973 Cambodian film directed by Hui Kung starring Kong Som Eun, Dy Saveth, and Mandoline.
Plot
Cast
Kong Som Eun
Dy Saveth
Mandoline
Background
The film is considered the most iconic of "one of the most notable faces of the golden age of Khmer cinema", Dy Saveth.
References
Cambodian horror films
1973 films
Cambodian fantasy films
Khmer-language films
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Mitsuyuki Masuhara
is a Japanese anime film director at Madhouse. He was born on December 5, 1973, and has been with Madhouse since 1999. Masuhara started at the company as an episode director, before directing the short film Clamp in Wonderland 2 in 2007 and becoming a full series director on Chi's Sweet Home in 2008.
Filmography
Television series
Chi's Sweet Home (2008) - Director
Chi's Sweet Home: Chi's New Address (2009) - Director
Kobato (2009-2010) - Director
Blade (2011) - Director
Shirokuma Cafe (2012) - Director
Ace of Diamond (2013-2016) - Director
Okko's Inn (2018) - Director
Ace of Diamond Act II (2019-present) - Director
OVAs
Clamp in Wonderland 2 (2007) - Director
References
External links
Japanese animated film directors
Anime directors
1973 births
People from Kariya, Aichi
Japanese animators
Living people
Madhouse (company) people
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Damboa
Damboa is a Local Government Area of Borno State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Damboa.
It has an area of 6,219 km² and had a population of 233,200 at the 2006 census.
The postal code of the area is 601.
The original settlers of Damboa are the Marghi people, but due to the booming economy of Damboa in the Calabash farming business during this period made many Kanuri people keep travelling to and fro to Damboa in the first place and later end up settling and marrying in Damboa at a later stage. As a result many of the Damboa people end up becoming half Kanuri and Half Marghi although there are still pure Marghi family as well as pure Kanuri family even as at today. This cultural assimilation brought a little discrepancies among the indigenes of Damboa because some people in Damboa prefers to be identified as Marghi while some other ones preferred to be identified as Kanuris, but the truth is that Damboa composed of Marghi majority and Kanuri minority in the town settle at the Local Government Area.
Elders of Damboa
ENGR.(Dr) Mohammed Abba Gana
Comrade Modu Shettima
Alhaji Abaya Lawan
Alhaji Bulama Korede
Karagama M. Kauji
Malami Wakil Korede
Late Dr. Lawan Kabu
Late Alaji Malam Gaji Damboa
Hon Grema Umar
Modu Yerima Gumsuri
Late Babagana Abbas Dawa
Habu Hong
Babagana Musa Kauji
Alhaji Kaumi Damboa
Mohammed Salisu
Ayemu Lawan Gwasha
Mustapha Tokebe
Karagama Yaga
Karagama Azir
Lawan Makinta
Alhaji lawan kolo Gumsuri
Abdullahi Karagama
Habu Daja Damboa
Lawan Kolomi (LK)
Barr. Mohammed Wakil
Prof. Adamu Garba Alooma (Chairman Elect)
Adamu Tubo Usman
Alamin Mohammed Gumsuri
Alhaji Darman Korede
Alhaji Bukar Petrol
It was one of the sixteen LGAs that constituted the Borno Emirate before establishing Damboa Emirate Council, a traditional state located in Borno State, Nigeria.
Notable births and residents
Notable births and current and former residents of Damboa include:
Mohammed Abba Gana, Former FCT Minister, Commissioner Northern Eastern State
Health
A 1989 study showed a high rate of guinea worm infection among two groups of families in Mafi and Kawaram, Damboa LGA.
Climate
Damboa experiences a hot and cool season with average highs in April and lows in July and September, and a colder month in January.
Boko Haram
A 2012 article in Vanguard News noted the death of Alhaji Lawan Kabu, former Chairman Damboa Local Government Area. It suggested that some of the perpetrators of violence in Borno State were using Boko Haram as an excuse for political violence.
A 28 May 2014 report in the Premium Times quoted "a spokesperson of the local vigilante" as saying:
“Places like Talasla, Ajigin, Mangozam, Abima, Abulam, Keloruwa; all within Damboa Local Government Area have now been taken over by the Boko Haram gunmen”.
A 25 June 2014 report of an attack on a military post at Bulabulin Ngaura was not confirmed by military sources.
On 26 June 2014, Borno State Governor Kashim Shettima had "ordered an investigation into alleged abduction of 60 women by suspected insurgents in Damboa Local Government Area," in the villages of Kummabza, Yaga and Dagu.
On 18 July 2014 Damboa was attacked, with "at least 18 dead ... Eyewitnesses told the BBC that half of Damboa had been burnt down, including the town's main market."
As of 19 October 2014, the town was under Boko Haram control; however, the Arewa Consultative Forum (ACF) had "issued an official statement ... saying that the ceasefire deal announced by government must be followed with the return of all territories captured by the insurgents." On 21 October, 35 insurgents were killed in an attack by 195 Battalion of the 7 Division of the Nigerian Army.
References
https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/279403/zulum-coas-inspect-maiduguri-damboa-road-pledge-adequate.html
https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/nwest/428339-lg-polls-two-professors-26-others-contest-chairmanship-posts-in-borno.html
Local Government Areas in Borno State
Populated places in Borno State
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Ifigenia in Tauride (Jommelli)
Ifigenia in Tauride is an opera (opera seria) in three acts by Niccolò Jommelli set to a libretto by the Mannheim court poet Mattia Verazi. It premiered on 30 May 1771 at the Teatro di San Carlo in Naples to celebrate the name day of Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies. The story is based on Iphigenia in Tauris by Euripides.
Roles
References
External links
Italian-language operas
1771 operas
Operas
Operas based on classical mythology
Operas by Niccolò Jommelli
Operas based on Iphigenia in Tauris
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Kukma
Kukma or Kookma is a village near the Bhuj town, taluka in Kachchh District of Indian State of Gujarat. It is located at a distance of 16 kilometers from Bhuj, the headquarters of Kachchh District.
History
About the history of Kukma, it is one of the 19 villages established by Kutch Gurjar Kshatriyas or Mistris. These Mistris first moved to the Saurashtra in the early 7th century and later a major group entered Kutch in the 12th century and established themselves at Dhaneti. Later from the 12th century onwards they settled between Anjar and Bhuj and founded the villages of Anjar, Sinugra, Khambhra, Nagalpar, Khedoi, Madhapar, Hajapar, Kukma, Galpadar, Reha, Vidi, Ratnal, Jambudi, Devaliya, Lovaria, Nagor, Chandiya, Meghpar and Kumbharia. Most of the early infrastructure, temples, community halls, school, girls boarding house and old houses are built by this community during the late 19th century.
However, majority of old houses with unique architect were destroyed in the earthquake of 26 January 2001.
Temples
Kuldevi Temples of many clans of these Kutch Gurjar Kshatriya community are also there in this village. To mention, Kuldevi temple of Parmar clan of Momai mataji, Kuldevi temple of Chauhan clan of Brahmani Mata, Kuldevi temple of Rathod clan of Chaval Mataji have their temple in village. Also Nivruti Ashram and Garibdash ji Bhojanalaya are located in Kukma. Also there is Thakore Mandir in main square and Mahadev temple both built originally by KGK Community.Also Tank clan and Gohil clan have kuldevi temples in the village.
Railway Station
Kukma also is a Railway Station (Flag Station) under Western Railways about 10 km from Bhuj on Gandhidham - Bhuj broad gauge route. Kutch Express and New Bhuj Exp(Sayaji Exp.) Railway train runs daily on this route.
Present Status
At present, villagers are quiet prosperous. Apart from Kutch Gurjar Kshatriyas, Ahirs, Lohana and other communities also have notable presence. There is enough penetration of Telephone and all houses have electricity and water supply. There is also a big pond in outskirts of village, originally built by Mistri community, who founded the village.
People are involved in agriculture and other business. Parle Products has a Biscuit factory nearby and many are working in that factory. Besides Bhuj is also nearby and many go there for jobs and business.
Kukma do have Primary health center, Primary school and High School.
References
Villages in Kutch district
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Dikwa
Dikwa is a town and a local government area in Borno State, Nigeria.
History of Dikwa
Dikwa used to be part of the kingdom of Borno before being captured by Rabih in 1893. The latter had the place fortified and Dikwa became the capital of his kingdom from 1893 to 1900.
In 1900, the French defeated Rabih and captured Dikwa. The town was handed over to the Germans in 1902 because of a treaty signed in 1893 between the Germans and the British which stipulated that the town of Dikwa should become German. This treaty is at the origin of the Dikwa Emirate.
Between 1902 and 1916, Dikwa was the capital of what the Europeans called German Borno. After the First World War until 1961, the town and the Dikwa Emirate were administered by the British under a League of Nations Mandate and a United Nations Trusteeship agreement. In 1942, Dikwa ceased to be the capital of the Dikwa Emirate. Bama became the capital of the Emirate which kept its name as Dikwa Emirate.
In 1961, after a United Nations plebiscite, the town and the Dikwa Emirate became officially Nigerian.
Local Government Area of Nigeria
Dikwa is a Local Government Area of Borno State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Dikwa, which is also the seat of the Dikwa Emirate.
Climate
With an annual rainfall range of 15 to 32 inches, the Bornu and Dikwa Emirates have a semiarid climate with a long dry season and a brief wet season.
Landscape
It has an area of 1,774 km² and had a population of 25,300 inhabitants in 2010 according to Africapolis. The 2006 census gave an estimated number of 105,909 inhabitants but, as in the rest of Nigeria, these figures should be taken with caution.
Postal Code
The postal code of the area is 611.
References
Bibliography
Anyangwe, Carlson, Betrayal of Too Trusting a People: The UN, the UK and the Trust Territory of the Southern Cameroons (African Books Collective, 2009).
Callahan, Michael, Mandates and Empire: The League of Nations and Africa 1914-1931 (Sussex Academic Press, 2008).
Callahan, Michael, A Sacred Trust: The League of Nations and Africa, 1929-1946 (Sussex Academic Press, 2004).
Chem-Langhëë, Bongfen, The Paradoxes of Self-Determination in the Cameroons under United Kingdom Administration: The Search for Identity, Well-Being, and Continuity (Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2003).
Cooper, Malcolm, The Northern Cameroons Plebiscite 1960/61: A Memoir with Photo Archive (Electronic ISBN Publication: Mandaras Publishing, 2010).
Digre, Brian, Imperialism’s New Clothes : the Repartition of Tropical Africa, 1914-1919 (New York: Lang, 1990).
Hallam, W. K. R., The life and times of Rabih Fadl Allah (Ilfracombe: Stockwell, 1977).
Hogben, S. J. and Kirk-Greene, Anthony, The Emirates of Northern Nigeria: a Preliminary Survey of Their Historical Traditions (Oxford University Press: London, 1966), p. 352.
Ikime, Obaro, ‘The fall of Borno’, in The fall of Nigeria: the British conquest (London: Heinemann Educational, 1977), pp. 178–184.
Johnson, D. H. N., ‘The Case Concerning the Northern Cameroons’, The International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 13 (1964), 1143-1192.
Oloa Zambo, Anicet, L’affaire Du Cameroun Septentrional : Cameroun, Royaume-Uni (Paris : l’Harmattan, 2006).
Osuntokun, Akinjide, Nigeria in the First World War (London: Longman, 1979).
Prescott, J.R.V., ‘The Evolution of the Anglo-French Inter-Cameroons Boundary’, The Nigerian Geographical Journal, 5 (1962), 103-20.
Report of the United Nations Commissioner for the Supervision of the Plebiscites in the Cameroons under United Kingdom Administration, (T/1491) (New York: Trusteeship Council, United Nations, 1959).
Sharwood-Smith, Bryan, “But Always as Friends”: Northern Nigeria and the Cameroons, 1921-1957 (London: Allen & Unwin, 1969).
Vaughan, James H., ‘Culture, History, and Grass-Roots Politics in a Northern Cameroons Kingdom’, American Anthropologist, New Series, 66 (1964), 1078-1095.
Yearwood, Peter, ‘Great Britain and the Repartition of Africa, 1914–19’, The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 18 (1990), 316–341.
Yearwood, Peter, ‘“In a Casual Way with a Blue Pencil”: British Policy and the Partition of Kamerun, 1914-1919’, Canadian Journal of African Studies, 27 (1993), 218-244.
Yearwood, Peter, ‘From Lines on Maps to National Boundaries: The Case of Northern Nigeria and Cameroun’, in Maps and Africa : Proceedings of a Colloquium at the University of Aberdeen, April 1993, ed. by Jeffrey C. Stone (Aberdeen: Aberdeen University African Studies Group, 1994).
Yearwood, Peter, “The Reunification of Borno, 1914-1918,” Borno Museum Society Newsletter 25 (1995): 25-45.
Local Government Areas in Borno State
Populated places in Borno State
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Giorgos Mouzakis
Giorgos Muzakis (, Athens, 15 August 1922 – 27 August 2005) was a prominent Greek virtuoso trumpeter and music composer.
Career
Born in Metaxourgeio, Mouzakis performed first as a trumpeter in 1938, recording his first album in 1946. He studied at the Athens Conservatoire (1939–1947) and continued his education in Austria and Germany (1952–1954). Many of his compositions were for the theater.
A productive composer with influences from tango, bolero and bossa nova tunes, Mouzakis' opus consists of some 2,500 tunes and songs for over 200 plays, 20 musical comedies, and about 60 films. His best-known compositions are: "The Slave Woman" (Η Σκλάβα), "My Weakness" (Αδυναμία μου), "A friend from the past" (Ένας φίλος ήρθε από τα παλιά) "I whistle to you" (Σου σφυρίζω), "The Hymn of Panathinaikos" (ο Ύμνος του Παναθηναϊκού) and many more.
He was a member of the Greek Composers' Society and National Music Association and performed widely in Greece and abroad including America, Australia, Bulgaria, Canada, Poland and Romania. A resident of Athens, Mouzakis received a presidential distinction in 2003.
References
Who's Who 1979 p. 434
1922 births
2005 deaths
Musicians from Athens
Greek musicians
Greek male songwriters
Greek film score composers
Male film score composers
Greek trumpeters
Panathinaikos A.O.
Panathinaikos F.C.
20th-century trumpeters
20th-century male musicians
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Gubio
Gubio, also Gobiyo, is a Local Government Area of Borno State, in northeastern Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Gubio.
It has an area of 2,464 km and a population of 152,778 at the 2006 census.
The postal code of the area is 602.
The primary road through Gubio runs north towards Damasak and south towards Maiduguri. Gubio is about 60 miles from each of those two settlements.
It is one of the sixteen LGAs that constitute the Borno Emirate, a traditional state located in Borno State, Nigeria.
Massacre
On 9 June 2020, a group of gunmen killed 81 people in a massacre. The killers are believed to be from the jihadist group Boko Haram, whose insurgency began in 2009.
Climate
The annual temperature in Gubio, Nigeria's Subtropical steppe region, is 31.59°C, 2.13% higher than the country's average, with 35.73mm of precipitation and 60.47 days with rain.
Gubio's climate is becoming warmer due to climate change, with both warmer and colder weather.
References
Local Government Areas in Borno State
Populated places in Borno State
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Guzamala
Guzamala is a Local Government Area of Borno State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Gudumbali. It's located approximately 125 kilometres north of the state capital, Maiduguri.
It has an area of 2,517 km and a population of 95,648 at the 2006 census.
The postal code of the area is 612.
It is a part of the traditional Borno Emirate.
This Local Government Area is located very close to the northern axis of Borno state. It is bordered by six LGAs. These LGAs are Mobber, Gubio, Nganzal, Monguno, Kukawa and Abadan LGAs.
Wards
It has 10 local wards. They are:- Aduwa, Gudumbali East, Gudumbali West, Guworam, Guzamala East, Guzamala West, kingarwa, Maijari, Moduri, Wamiri.
The Kanuri ethnic group lives in the LGA.
It is one of the sixteen LGAs that constitute the Borno Emirate, a traditional state located in Borno State, Nigeria.
Insurgency
In June 2022 it was reported that all but two villages within Guzamala were under ISWAP control, including the area's administrative headquarters at Gudumbali.
References
Local Government Areas in Borno State
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Youmzain
Youmzain (foaled February 20, 2003 in Ireland) is a Thoroughbred racehorse. Trained by Mick Channon, he won Preis von Europa and Grand Prix de Saint-Cloud group 1 races in 2008. Most notably, he is three-time runner-up in Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe; in 2007 behind Dylan Thomas, in 2008 behind Zarkava, and in 2009 behind Sea The Stars.
Stud record
In his second season at stud, Youmzain sired the Chesham Stakes winner Suits You.
References
Youmzain racingpost.com racing stats
pedigree and partial racing stats
External links
Career 1-2-3 Colour Chart – Youmzain
2003 racehorse births
Racehorses bred in Ireland
Racehorses trained in the United Kingdom
Thoroughbred family 11
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Gwoza
Gwoza is a local government area of Borno State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Gwoza, a border town "about 135 kilometres South-East of Maiduguri." The postal code of the area is 610.
The terrain is rocky and hilly. The Gwoza Hills, with heights of about 1300m above sea level provides scenery and is made up of the Mandara Mountains, which form a natural barrier between Nigeria and Cameroon, starting from Pulka. They overlook the game reserves by meandering towards Mubi and beyond in Adamawa State.
The Gwoza LGA has been called "a notorious hide out for the Boko Haram insurgents," who arrived in the area in 2009 from Maiduguri. The area has suffered considerable violence as a result of the Islamist insurgency in Nigeria, and in 2014, saw an influx of Boko Haram fighters fleeing Sambisa Forest.
, "reports indicated that the whole of Gwoza was under attack. The report could not be substantiated because most telephone masts in Gwoza and surrounding villages have been vandalized by insurgents." Deutsche Welle reported that "Roads out of the region are extremely dangerous and phone connections are poor to nonexistent."
As of 19 October 2014, an estimated 3,000 Gwoza residents displaced by fighting are "squatting on the fringes of Abuja", according to a local relief committee spokesman, with "the need for shelter, food, clothing and medicare for the displaced also becoming dire."
On 27 March 2015, the day before the Nigerian presidential election, the Nigerian Army announced that it had recaptured the town of Gwoza from Boko Haram. According to AllAfrica.com, "Gwoza, one of the largest towns in Borno, fell under the control of Boko Haram terrorists on August 6, 2014."
History
In April 2014, residents in Gwoza LGA reported that Boko Haram members fleeing from Sambisa Forest had moved into their towns on motorcycles, "being spotted in Patawe, Fadagwe, Wala, Uvaha, Gatha, Jige, Warabe and Ngoshe" villages. Motorcycles had been banned throughout Borno State for almost two years, and were rarely used by non-Boko Haram members.
According to House of Representatives member, Hon. Peter Biye Gumtha, since the beginning of the Boko Haram attacks, "over 200 churches have been completely razed down, leaving only 8 functional churches in the whole of Gwoza Council area." , Biye was "the only Christian House of Representatives member from Borno State." He remarked:
“What is happening in my constituency is very unfortunate and frightening. People are being killed by terrorists on a daily basis, Churches are being burnt, and if people like me who is also a member of the House Committee on Army, alerted military authorities based on intelligence reports that my village would be under attack by terrorists, and nothing was done to secure the area, then it is unfortunate, because the ordinary people that live in volatile areas are no longer safe and protected by our security outfits.
On 30 May 2014, the traditional ruler, the Emir of Gwoza, Idrissa Timta, was killed after he was abducted with his colleague, the Emir of Uba, Ismaila Mamza, by armed men, in Hawul LGA. "His convoy was ambushed while he was on the way to attend the funeral of his deceased colleague, the Emir of Gombe, Alhaji Shehu Abubakar."
Governor Kashim Shettima of Borno State traveled to Gwoza, accompanied by a sizeable military escort, to pay his last respects to the Emir of Gwoza. , the Maiduguri-Bama road to Gwoza has been designated a "no-go zone" due to an "upredictable security situation". A journalist accompanying the Emir counted "16 towns, villages and hamlets that were completely deserted along the 135km road." In his eulogy, Governor Shettima described the late Shehu Idrissa Timta as “a man who spent better part of his reign preaching peace and tolerance.”
On 12 June 2014, Idrissa Timta's son, Muhammad Timta, (also called Alhaji Muhammad Shehu) became the new Emir of Gwoza. He "promised to unite and strengthen the relationship between Christians and Muslims in the area."
On June 2, 2014, in an event that has been called the Gwoza massacre, "No fewer than 300 villagers were reportedly killed in three communities around Gwoza local government area of Borno State" by gunmen suspected to be members of Boko Haram. "The militants arrived in Toyota Hilux pickup trucks - a common vehicle for the military - and told civilians they were soldiers there to protect the local population ... The gunmen reportedly gathered people in the center of the villages and fired on them. As people attempted to flee, militants on motorcycles waited outside the villages and attacked them."
On 8 June 2014, the spokesperson for a group of religious and political leaders in Gwoza LGA, Dr Asabe Vilita, (also Borno Commissioner for Commerce and Investment), said:“[W]e wish to state categorically clear that there is no outbreak of religious war in our communities in Gwoza as being speculated, especially in the social media. What our people are facing is full-scale insurgents’ attack and terrorism. Although sometimes people have disagreements due to the confusion caused by the attacks in different areas, our people have since identified the insurgents as common enemy and have decided to unite in fighting them.” She said 1,290 people had been displaced, and that "most people had to escape to Maiduguri", where three camps have been set up. According to Vilita, "four of the six communities in Gwoza East are currently under siege by the insurgents": Ngoshe, Agapalwa, Ashigashiya and Cikide.
On 22 June 2014,The insurgents were said to have taken over most outskirts of Gwoza including the towns of Pulka and Kirawa, forcing residents to flee into neighboring Cameroon villages of Mura and Marwa, some 75km away from Nigeria borders.
On 24 August 2014, Boko Haram claimed that it had formed an Islamic caliphate in Gwoza town. In December 2014, one hundred eighty five people in the Gumburi village area were kidnapped by Boko Haram. It was also reported that "people too elderly to flee Gwoza Local Government Area were being rounded up and taken to two schools where the militants opened fire on them." Over 50 elderly people were killed. A "gory video" was released of insurgents shooting over a hundred civilians in a school dormitory in the town of Bama.
In March 2015, the Nigerian army was reported to have retaken Gwoza town from Boko Haram forces.
Towns
Gwoza, the headquarters of Gwoza LGA
Kirawa
Pulka
Ashigashiya
Ngoshe
Villages
Agapalawa
Amuda
Arbako
Ashigashiya
Attagara
Barderi
Barawa
Cineni
Cikide (Chikide)
Gava
Guduf
Hirdembeh
Izghe
Joghode
Kaghum
Kerawa (Kirawa)
Kundeh
Kwatara
Pelekwa
Nggoshe
Ngoshe
Pulka
Sabon Gari
Vale
Languages
Central Kanuri language, Cineni language, Dghwede language, Glavda language, Guduf-Gava language, Gvoko language, Lamang language, Mafa Language and Waja language are spoken in Gwoza LGA.
Climate
In Gwoza, the wet season is hot, oppressive, and mostly cloudy and the dry season is sweltering and partly cloudy. Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies from 58°F to 104°F and is rarely below 52°F or above 108°F.
See also
Gwoza massacre
Izghe attack
References
Local Government Areas in Borno State
Populated places in Borno State
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Glacier Strait
The Glacier Strait () is a natural waterway through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago within Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada. It separates Ellesmere Island (to the north) from Coburg Island (to the south). To the north-east it opens into Baffin Bay, and to the south-west into the Jones Sound.
Straits of Qikiqtaaluk Region
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Victor Bedikian
Victor Bedikian is a French guitar maker.
Bedikian worked with Robert Bouchet to learn the style of Antonio Torres, a Spanish guitar maker from the 19th century. Bedikian created his first guitar by 1965 and opened a workshop in Paris in 1977, where Bouchet would often visit. Bedikian is now retired.
References
Guitare Classique article about Victor Bedikian
Making of Classical Guitars (in French)
Makers and Guitars of France (in French)
External links
History of Guitare in France (in French)
Classical guitar makers
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Hawul
Hawul is a Local Government Area of Borno State, Nigeria. It's located in the southern part of the state.
Is headquarters are in the town of Azare.
It has an area of 2,098 km and a population of about 120,000 at the 2006 census.
The postal code of the area is 603.
It is one of the four LGAs that constitute the Biu Emirate, a traditional state located in Borno State, Nigeria.
Gallery
References
Local Government Areas in Borno State
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Mammoth Kamikaze
The Mammoth Kamikaze or Kamikaze Downhill is one of the oldest and fastest downhill cycling races.
Track
Unlike typical downhill courses of the 21st century, the race follows in essence the path of the traditional access fireroad. However, while average downhill races these days runs to 35mph, Mammoth racers were clocking 55-65mph on mostly rigid or semi-rigid bikes with flat handlebars.
History
The name Kamikaze Downhill was co-authored by the Mountain Bike Hall of Fame inductee Bill Cockroft.
Winners
This list is incomplete.
John Tomac (2004, 2005)
Philippe Perakis (1991)
Jimmy Deaton (1985, 1988, 1992, 1993, 1994)
Myles Rockwell (1995)
Cindy Devine (3 times by 1992)
Cindy Whitehead (1987)
References
Mountain biking events in the United States
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Tasiujaq (Baffin Bay)
Tasiujaq (Inuktitut syllabics: ᑕᓯᐅᔭᖅ) formerly Eclipse Sound is a natural waterway through the Arctic Archipelago within the Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada. It separates Bylot Island (to the north) from Baffin Island (to the south). To the east, it opens into Baffin Bay via Pond Inlet, and to the north-west into the Navy Board Inlet.
References
External links
Sounds of Qikiqtaaluk Region
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Kong Kam Kong Keo
Gong Gam Gong Geo () is a 1964 Khmer film directed by Biv Chai Leang starring Chea Yuthon and rising actress Y Kim Sua.
Cast
Chea Yuthon
Y Kim Sua
Kim Nova
Release
Y Kim Sua died while making this film. Due to her eye tragedy after performing a scene in the movie, this film was never released; But instead, it was completed as a novel while the film was used as an archive.
Soundtrack
Remakes
This film has been remade in 2004. The latest version of this film, released in 2004, stars Eng Rithy and Keo Pich Pisey.
Sources
1964 films
Cambodian drama films
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Topi Lehtipuu
Topi Lehtipuu (born 24 March 1971 in Brisbane, Australia) is a Finnish operatic tenor. He has sung a variety of roles from different periods, including the title role in Benjamin Britten's Albert Herring at the Finnish National Opera, several roles in Mozart operas, including Belmonte in Die Entführung aus dem Serail and Tamino in Die Zauberflöte, both at the Théâtre des Champs-Elysées in Paris, and Ferrando in Così fan tutte at the 2006 Glyndebourne Festival. He has also appeared in Handel's Ariodante (Paris Opera), as Hylas in Berlioz' Les Troyens (conducted by John Eliot Gardiner), and the Creature in the 2019 world première of Mark Grey's Frankenstein at La Monnaie in Brussels. He has worked with other well-known conductors, such as William Christie, Michel Corboz, René Jacobs, Simon Rattle, and Christophe Rousset.
He has also sung concert repertoire including works by J. S. Bach, Monteverdi, Pärt, Rameau, Rautavaara, Schoenberg, and Stravinsky.
Lehtipuu was the artistic director from 2010 to 2015 of the Turku Music Festival, and Joroinen Music Days (now the Joroinen Music Festival). From 2015 to 2018 he was director of the Helsinki Festival. He has improved his conducting abilities and was appointed Artistic Partner of the Kymi Sinfonietta, beginning in the 2023-2024 season.
Lehtipuu received his musical education at the Sibelius Academy in Helsinki and has studied with Peter Lindroos, Howard Crook, and Elisabeth Werres.
At the time of his studies, Lehtipuu was an integral member of the acclaimed Finnish progressive rock band Höyry-kone.
Recordings
Arie Per Tenore I Barocchisti dir. Diego Fasolis, Naive, 2010.
Ariodante by George Frideric Handel. Joyce DiDonato, Karina Gauvin, Sabina Puértolas, Marie Nicole Lemieux, Topi Lehtipuu, Matthew Brook, Anicio Zorzi Giustiniani. Il Complesso Barocco, conducted by Alan Curtis, Virgin Classics, 2011.
References
External links
Biography
1971 births
Living people
Finnish operatic tenors
Contemporary classical music performers
Sibelius Academy alumni
Musicians from Brisbane
21st-century Finnish male opera singers
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List of Estonian punk bands
List of Estonian punk bands
Estonian punk rock groups
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Robotino
Robotino is a mobile robot system made by Festo Didactic, and used for educational, training and research purposes.
Operation
Robotino is based on an omnidirectional drive assembly, which enables the system to roam freely. The robot is controlled by an industry-standard PC system, which is powerful enough to plan routes for fully autonomous driving. Via a WLAN-Link, Robotino can send all sensor readings to an external PC. In the other direction, control commands can be issued by the external PC. This way, control programs can run on the external PC or on Robotino directly. Mixed mode or shared control are also possible.
For users with little prior robotics knowledge, Robotino can be readily programmed in its “native” programming environment RobotinoView II. More experienced programmers may find it useful that the robot can also be programmed in C, C++, Java, .NET, Matlab, Simulink, Labview and Microsoft Robotics Developer Studio.
Hardware
The omnidirectional drive consists of three Mecanum wheels, all of which are individually controllable. These wheels are arranged at angles of 120°. Robotino has a bumper sensor around its circumference, infrared distance sensors, a color camera with VGA resolution, optical wheel encoders, power measurement for the entire system and the various motors, as well as a battery voltage monitor. Moreover, as optional additional sensors, Robotino can be equipped with a precise laser scanner, a gyroscope, and an indoor positioning system (created by Evolution Robotics). For signal input and output Robotino has several interfaces:
USB
Ethernet
8 digital and 8 analog inputs
8 digital outputs
additional motor output for driving high loads
additional encoder input
Power is supplied by two 12V/5Ah lead-acid batteries or optionally by two 12V/9Ah NiMH batteries.
External links
Robotino at Festo Didactic
Robotino wiki
Robotino forum
Educational robots
Three-wheeled robots
Robots of Germany
21st-century robots
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The Unholy Terror
The Unholy Terror is the third studio album by underground hip hop collective Army of the Pharaohs. The album was released on March 30, 2010. The album debuted in the Billboard 200 at number 179 selling 3,200 units in its first week of release. The album welcomes two new members: Block McCloud and Journalist.
Track listing
References
External links
.
Official Enemy Soil Site.
Army of the Pharaohs albums
2010 albums
Enemy Soil Records albums
Babygrande Records albums
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Wales Island (Ungava)
Wales Island is an Arctic island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada. It is located within Hudson Strait, an arm of Hudson Bay. It lies just north of the Ungava Peninsula of Quebec.
Islands of Hudson Strait
Uninhabited islands of Qikiqtaaluk Region
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Lindera aggregata
Lindera aggregata is a plant species belonging to the genus Lindera.
Other names
Engl.: evergreen lindera, Japanese evergreen spicebush.
TCM: trad.烏藥, simpl. 乌药 or 乌乐, pinyin : wūyào.
Bot. syn.: Benzoin strychnifolium (Sieb. & Zucc.) Kuntze, Daphnidium strychnifolium Sieb. & Zucc., Laurus aggregata Sims, Lindera eberhardtii Lecomte, Lindera strychnifolia (Sieb. & Zucc.) Fern.
Use
乌药, radix lindera, is present in the Compendium of Materia Medica and Kampo herb list. It is an ingredient in the traditional Chinese medicine pill Chaihu Shugan Wan against "stagnation of liver qi, distension of chest and hypochondria, indigestion, and acid eructation", and in the Lindera Combination Teapills (simpl. 天台乌药丸, trad. 天臺烏藥丸, pinyin : tiāntái wūyào wán), a Chinese classic herbal formula.
Biochemistry
An A type proanthocyanidin trimer (epicatechin-(4β→8,2β→O→7)-entcatechin-(4β-8)-catechin) can be found in Lindera aggregata. In a study this compound showed cytoprotective action against ethanol-induced gastric injury in Sprague-Dawley rats.
Four alkaloids (boldine, norboldine, reticuline and linderegatine) can also be found in L. aggregata.
References
aggregata
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