Ray Dashboard¶
Ray’s built-in dashboard provides metrics, charts, and other features that help Ray users to understand Ray clusters and libraries.
Through the dashboard, you can
View cluster metrics.
Visualize the actor relationships and statistics.
Kill actors and profile your Ray jobs.
See Tune jobs and trial information.
Detect cluster anomalies and debug them.
Getting Started¶
You can access the dashboard through its default URL, localhost:8265. (Note that the port number increases if the default port is not available).
The URL is printed when
ray.init() is called.
INFO services.py:1093 -- View the Ray dashboard at localhost:8265
The dashboard is also available when using the autoscaler. Read about how to use the dashboard with the autoscaler.
Views¶
Machine View¶
The machine view shows you:
System resource usage for each machine and worker such as RAM, CPU, disk, and network usage information.
Logs and error messages for each machine and worker.
Actors or tasks assigned to each worker process.
Logical View¶
The logical view shows you:
Created and killed actors.
Actor statistics such as actor status, number of executed tasks, pending tasks, and memory usage.
Actor hierarchy.
Memory View¶
The memory view shows you:
The state of Ray objects, including their size, reference type, and call site.
A summary of reference types and object sizes in use.
Advanced Usage¶
Debugging a Blocked Actor¶
You can find hanging actors through the Logical View tab.
If creating an actor requires resources (e.g., CPUs, GPUs, or other custom resources) that are not currently available, the actor cannot be created until those resources are added to the cluster or become available. This can cause an application to hang. To alert you to this issue, infeasible tasks are shown in red in the dashboard, and pending tasks are shown in yellow.
Below is an example.
import ray ray.init(num_gpus=2) @ray.remote(num_gpus=1) class Actor1: def __init__(self): pass @ray.remote(num_gpus=4) class Actor2: def __init__(self): pass actor1_list = [Actor1.remote() for _ in range(4)] actor2 = Actor2.remote()
This cluster has two GPUs, and so it only has room to create two copies of
Actor1.
As a result, the rest of
Actor1 will be pending.
You can also see it is infeasible to create
Actor2 because it requires 4 GPUs which
is bigger than the total gpus available in this cluster (2 GPUs).
Debugging ObjectStoreFullError and Memory Leak¶
You can view information for Ray objects in the memory tab. It is useful to debug memory leaks, especially ObjectStoreFullError. Note that this is the same information as displayed in the ray memory command. For details about the information contained in the table, please see the ray memory documentation.
Inspect Memory Usage¶
You can detect local memory anomalies through the Logical View tab. If NumObjectIdsInScope, NumLocalObjects, or UsedLocalObjectMemory keeps growing without bound, it can lead to out of memory errors or eviction of objectIDs that your program still wants to use.
Profiling (Experimental)¶
Use profiling features when you want to find bottlenecks in your Ray applications.
Clicking one of the profiling buttons on the dashboard launches py-spy, which will profile your actor process for the given duration. Once the profiling has been done, you can click the “profiling result” button to visualize the profiling information as a flamegraph.
This visualization can help reveal computational bottlenecks.
Note
The profiling button currently only works when you use passwordless
sudo.
It is still experimental. Please report any issues you run into.
More information on how to interpret the flamegraph is available at.
References¶
Machine View¶
Machine/Worker Hierarchy: The dashboard visualizes hierarchical relationship of workers (processes) and machines (nodes). Each host consists of many workers, and you can see them by clicking the + button.
You can hide it again by clicking the - button.
Resource Configuration
Resource configuration is represented as
([Resource]: [Used Resources] / [Configured Resources]).
For example, when a Ray cluster is configured with 4 cores,
ray.init(num_cpus=4), you can see (CPU: 0 / 4).
When you spawn a new actor that uses 1 CPU, you can see this will be (CPU: 1/4).
Below is an example.
import ray ray.init(num_cpus=4) @ray.remote(num_cpus=1) class A: pass a = A.remote()
Host: If it is a node, it shows host information. If it is a worker, it shows a pid.
Workers: If it is a node, it shows a number of workers and virtual cores. Note that number of workers can exceed number of cores.
Uptime: Uptime of each worker and process.
CPU: CPU usage of each node and worker.
RAM: RAM usage of each node and worker.
Disk: Disk usage of each node and worker.
Sent: Network bytes sent for each node and worker.
Received: Network bytes received for each node and worker.
Logs: Logs messages at each node and worker. You can see log messages by clicking it.
Errors: Error messages at each node and worker. You can see error messages by clicking it.
Logical View (Experimental)¶
Actor Titles: Name of an actor and its arguments.
State: State of an actor.
0: Alive
1: Restarting
2: Dead
Pending: A number of pending tasks for this actor.
Excuted: A number of executed tasks for this actor.
NumObjectIdsInScope: Number of object IDs in scope for this actor. object IDs in scope will not be evicted unless object stores are full.
NumLocalObjects: Number of object IDs that are in this actor’s local memory. Only big objects (>100KB) are residing in plasma object stores, and other small objects are staying in local memory.
UsedLocalObjectMemory: Used memory used by local objects.
kill actor: A button to kill an actor in a cluster. It is corresponding to
ray.kill.
profile for: A button to run profiling. We currently support profiling for 10s,
30s and 60s. It requires passwordless
sudo.
Infeasible Actor Creation: Actor creation is infeasible when an actor requires more resources than a Ray cluster can provide. This is depicted as a red colored actor.
Pending Actor Creation: Actor creation is pending when there are no available resources for this actor because they are already taken by other tasks and actors. This is depicted as a yellow colored actor.
Actor Hierarchy: The logical view renders actor information in a tree format.
To illustrate this, in the code block below, the
Parent actor creates
two
Child actors and each
Child actor creates one
GrandChild actor.
This relationship is visible in the dashboard Logical View tab.
import ray ray.init() @ray.remote class Grandchild: def __init__(self): pass @ray.remote class Child: def __init__(self): self.grandchild_handle = Grandchild.remote() @ray.remote class Parent: def __init__(self): self.children_handles = [Child.remote() for _ in range(2)] parent_handle = Parent.remote()
You can see that the dashboard shows the parent/child relationship as expected.
Memory¶
Pause Collection: A button to stop/continue updating Ray memory tables.
IP Address: Node IP Address where a Ray object is pinned.
Pid: ID of a process where a Ray object is being used.
Type: Type of a process. It is either a driver or worker.
Object ID: Object ID of a Ray object.
Object Size Object Size of a Ray object in bytes.
Reference Type: Reference types of Ray objects. Checkout the ray memory command to learn each reference type.
Call Site: Call site where this Ray object is referenced.
Ray Config¶
If you are using the autoscaler, this Configuration defined at
cluster.yaml is shown.
See Cluster.yaml reference for more details.