The author selected the COVID-19 Relief Fund to receive a donation as part of the Write for DOnations program.
Introduction
In this guide, you will build a Python application using the Flask microframework on DigitalOcean’s App Platform. Flask is a Python-based microframework that is popular with web developers, given its lightweight nature and ease of use.
This tutorial will focus on deploying a Flask app to App Platform using gunicorn. Gunicorn is a Python WSGI HTTP Server that uses a pre-fork worker model. By using gunicorn, you’ll be able to serve your Flask application on more than one thread.
Prerequisites
To complete this tutorial, you’ll need:
Note: If you are looking for a general introduction to the Python programming language, our tutorial series, How To Code in Python, is a great place to start.
Step 1 — Creating a Python Virtual Environment for your Project
Before you get started, you need to set up your Python developer environment. You will install your Python requirements within a virtual environment for easier management.
First, let’s create a project directory for our code and
requirements.txt file to be stored in and change into that directory. Run the following commands:
- mkdir flask-app
- cd flask-app
Next, create a directory in your home directory that you can use to store all of your virtual environments:
Now create your virtual environment using Python:
- python3 -m venv ~/.venvs/flask
This will create a directory called
flask.
Use the following command:
- source ~.venvs/flask/bin/activate
Your prompt will change to indicate that you are now operating within a Python virtual environment. It will look something like this:
(flask)user@host:~$.
With your virtual environment active, install Flask and gunicorn using the local instance of
pip:
- pip install Flask gunicorn
Note: When the virtual environment is activated (when your prompt has
(flask) preceding it), use
pip instead of
pip3, even if you are using Python 3. The virtual environment’s copy of the tool is always named
pip, regardless of the Python version.
Now that you have the flask package installed, you will need to save this requirement and its dependencies so App Platform can install them later.
Do this now using
pip and then saving the information to a
requirements.txt file:
- pip freeze > requirements.txt
You now have all of the software needed to start a Flask app. You are almost ready to deploy.
Step 2 — Creating a Minimal Flask App
In this step, you will build a standard Hello Sammy! Flask application. You won’t focus on the mechanics of Flask outside of how to deploy it to App Platform. If you wish to deploy another application, the following steps will work for a wide range of Flask applications.
Using your favorite text editor, open a file named
app.py:
Now add the following code to the file:
app.py
from flask import Flask app = Flask(__name__) @app.route('/') def hello_world(): return 'Hello Sammy!'
This code is the standard Hello World example for Flask with a slight modification to say hello to your favorite shark. For more information about this file and Flask, visit the official Flask documentation.
You have written your application code. Now you will configure the Gunicorn server.
Step 3 — Setting Up Your Gunicorn Configuration
Gunicorn is a Python WSGI HTTP server that many developers use to deploy their Python applications. This WSGI (Web Server Gateway Interface) is necessary because traditional web servers do not understand how to run Python applications. For your purposes, a WSGI allows you to deploy your Python applications consistently. You can also configure multiple threads to serve your Python application, should you need them. In this example, you will make your application accessible on port
8080, the standard App Platform port. You will also configure two worker-threads to serve your application.
Open a file named
gunicorn_config.py:
Now add the following code to the file:
gunicorn_config.py
bind = "0.0.0.0:8080" workers = 2
This is all you need to do to have your app run on App Platform using Gunicorn. Next, you’ll commit your code to GitHub and then deploy it.
Step 4 — Pushing the Site to GitHub
DigitalOcean’s App Platform deploys your code from GitHub repositories. This means that you must get your site in a
git repository and then push that repository to GitHub.
First, initialize your project directory containing your files as a
git repository:
When you work on your Flask app locally, certain files get added that are unnecessary for deployment. Let’s exclude those files using Git’s ignore list. Create a new file called
.gitignore:
Add the following code to the file:
.gitignore
*.pyc
Save and close the file.
Now execute the following command to add files to your repository:
- git add app.py gunicorn_config.py requirements.txt .gitignore
Make your initial commit:
- git commit -m "Initial Flask App"
Your files will commit:
Output[master (root-commit) aa78a20] Initial Flask App 4 files changed, 18 insertions(+) create mode 100644 .gitignore create mode 100644 app.py create mode 100644 gunicorn_config.py create mode 100644 requirements.txt
Open your browser and navigate to GitHub, log in with your profile, and create a new repository called
flask-app. Create an empty repository without a
README or license file.
Once you’ve created the repository, return to the command line and push your local files to GitHub.
First, add GitHub as a remote repository:
- git remote add origin
Next, rename the default branch
main, to match what GitHub expects:
Finally, push your
main branch to GitHub’s
main branch:
Your files will transfer:
OutputEnumerating objects: 6, done. Counting objects: 100% (6/6), done. Delta compression using up to 8 threads Compressing objects: 100% (4/4), done. Writing objects: 100% (6/6), 1.20 KiB | 77.00 KiB/s, done. Total 6 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0) To github.com:MasonEgger/flask-app.git * [new branch] main -> main Branch 'main' set up to track remote branch 'main' from 'origin'.
Enter your GitHub credentials when prompted to push your code.
Your code is now on GitHub and accessible through a web browser. Now you will deploy your app to DigitalOcean’s App Platform.
Step 5 — Deploying to DigitalOcean with App Platform
Once you push the code, visit The App Platform Homepage and click Launch Your App. A prompt will request that you connect your GitHub account:
Connect your account and allow DigitalOcean to access your repositories. You can choose to let DigitalOcean access all of your repositories or just to the ones you wish to deploy.
Click Install and Authorize. GitHub will return you to your DigitalOcean dashboard.
Once you’ve connected your GitHub account, select the
your_account/flask
app:apitp.
Replace the existing command with the following:
- gunicorn --worker-tmp-dir /dev/shm app:app
Click Next, and App Platform will direct you to the Finalize and Launch screen. Here you’ll choose your plan. Be sure to select the plan that fits your needs, whether in Basic App or Professional App. Click Launch App at the bottom. Your app will build and deploy:
Once your app finishes deploying, click on the link to your app provided by App Platform. This link will take you to your Hello Sammy page.
You now have a Flask app deployed to App Platform. Make and push any changes to GitHub, and App Platform will automatically deploy them.
Conclusion
In this tutorial, you set up a Flask app and deployed it using DigitalOcean’s App Platform. Any changes you commit and push to your repository will trigger a new deployment. This means you can spend more time focusing on your code and expanding your application.
You can find the example code for this tutorial in the DigitalOcean Sample Images Repository.
The example in this tutorial is a minimal Flask app. Your project might have more applications and features, but the deployment process will be the same.