This article presents a very clean and simple method to render an OpenGL window on a Windows Forms using Managed C++. This method requires no add-ins, third party DLLs, or ActiveX components, often demonstrated with C# Windows Forms. This implementation is in pure .NET using Managed C++. This article assumes the reader has a working knowledge of OpenGL and is using Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 8.0.
Presenting an OpenGL window on an MFC view was very straight forward and easy to implement. The advent of Windows Forms however presents some problems. The concept of the window Device Context does not really exist in Windows Forms. There are some implementations of OpenGL on Windows Forms already out there but these rely on DLLs or ActiveX components containing MFC or Win32 SDK calls. These implementations also assume that the programmer is using C#. Whilst there are some advantages of using C#, I suspect that, like myself, I don't want to rewrite my existing applications in C# just to take advantage of Windows Forms. I also suspect that many C++ programmers don't want or can't move to C#, for corporate reasons or whatever. The implementation here is using pure Managed C++ and .NET.
Firstly, we need a new Windows Forms application to work with. Create a new a new Windows Forms application (File -> New -> Project -> Visual C++ -> CLR -> Windows Forms Application).
We will now build an OpenGL class that can be used on several Windows Forms. This can be easily converted into a control that can be added to the Design Time Designer, but I'm not covering that.
Create a new header file for the class, I called my OpenGL.h and copy the following code snippets into it. I will comment below the snippet what the code actually does: -
#pragma once
#include <windows.h>
#include <GL/gl.h>
using namespace System::Windows::Forms;
namespace OpenGLForm
{
public ref class COpenGL:
public System::Windows::Forms::NativeWindow
All we've done here is include the necessary headers for OpenGL and decoare a managed C++ class for OpenGL.
{
public:
COpenGL(System::Windows::Forms::Form ^ parentForm,
GLsizei iWidth, GLsizei iHeight)
{
CreateParams^ cp = gcnew CreateParams;
// Set the position on the form
cp->X = 100;
cp->Y = 100;
cp->Height = iWidth;
cp->Width = iHeight;
// Specify the form as the parent.
cp->Parent = parentForm->Handle;
// Create as a child of the specified parent
// and make OpenGL compliant (no clipping)
cp->Style = WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE |
WS_CLIPSIBLINGS | WS_CLIPCHILDREN;
// Create the actual window
this->CreateHandle(cp);
m_hDC = GetDC((HWND)this->Handle.ToPointer());
if(m_hDC)
MySetPixelFormat(m_hDC);
}
This constructor takes parameters of a parent form, the width of the OpenGL area and the height of the OpenGL area.
The System::Windows::Forms::CreateParams structure allows us to create a Win32 window. We specify WS_CLIPSIBLINGS | WS_CLIPCHILDREN so that our OpenGL display won't be clipped.
System::Windows::Forms::CreateParams
WS_CLIPSIBLINGS | WS_CLIPCHILDREN
virtual System::Void Render(System::Void)
{
// Clear the color and depth buffers.
glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f) ;
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
}
This is an overridden function that simply fills the OpenGL area with black.
System::Void SwapOpenGLBuffers(System::Void)
{
SwapBuffers(m_hDC) ;
}
This is called directly after the OpenGL rendering to put the contents of the OpenGL buffer into our window.
private:
HDC m_hDC;
HGLRC m_hglrc;
These are the pointers we need to interact with the Form.
protected:
~COpenGL(System::Void)
{
this->DestroyHandle();
}
When destroying the Form, we dispose of our window.
GLint MySetPixelFormat(HDC hdc)
{, // accum bits ignored
32, // 32-bit z-buffer
0, // no stencil buffer
0, // no auxiliary buffer
PFD_MAIN_PLANE, // main layer
0, // reserved
0, 0, 0 // layer masks ignored
};
GLint iPixelFormat;
// get the device context's best, available pixel format match
if((iPixelFormat = ChoosePixelFormat(hdc, &pfd)) == 0)
{
MessageBox::Show("ChoosePixelFormat Failed");
return 0;
}
// make that match the device context's current pixel format
if(SetPixelFormat(hdc, iPixelFormat, &pfd) == FALSE)
{
MessageBox::Show("SetPixelFormat Failed");
return 0;
}
if((m_hglrc = wglCreateContext(m_hDC)) == NULL)
{
MessageBox::Show("wglCreateContext Failed");
return 0;
}
if((wglMakeCurrent(m_hDC, m_hglrc)) == NULL)
{
MessageBox::Show("wglMakeCurrent Failed");
return 0;
}
return 1;
}
};
Standard function to set a pixel format for a Win32 SDK / MFC Device Context. See OpenGL websites for more on this.
If you copy all of the snippets it should build fine, don't forget to add openGL32.lib, gdi32.lib, and User32.lib to your project (Project -> Properties -> Configuration -> All Configurations -> Linker -> Input).
Open the code view to your form and add the header to your OpenGL class and add a member variable that is a pointer to the class in your Form. Next, change your Form's constructor: -
OpenGL = gcnew COpenGL(this, 640, 480);
If you now override your Paint() function (Forms Designer -> Properties -> Events -> Appearance -> Paint) and call your OpenGL renderer from this:
Paint()
private: System::Void timer1_Tick(System::Object^ sender,
System::EventArgs^ e)
{
UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(sender);
UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(e);
OpenGL->Render();
OpenGL->SwapOpenGLBuffers();
}
Run your application! That's it, simply! OpenGL on a Windows Forms!
This method works because the System::Windows::Forms::NativeWindow provides a low-level encapsulation of a window handle and a window procedure. This allows us to treat the class as a HWND (see my user control).
System::Windows::Forms::NativeWindow
HWND
I've changed the demo slightly to show it is more likely to be used. I did this because I've purposefully kept the OpenGL simple (I've not even setup the viewport or viewing frustrum but that is entirely application specific, my article is to show the method of creating an OpenGL view on.