Question: How can I open a cmd window in a specific location without having to navigate all the way to the directory I want?

Answer: 
If you have Windows Vista or later, right-click on the folder icon in Explorer while holding the Shift key, and then click on the "Open command window here" or "Open PowerShell window here" context menu option. 

If you're already in the folder you want, you can do one of the following:

* [only Win8+] Click the Explorer Ribbon's File button, then click on "Open command window here" or "Open PowerShell window here".
* `Shift`-`right-click` on the background of the Explorer window, then click on "Open command window here" or "Open PowerShell window here". (recommended by Kate in the comments)
* [only Vista or Win7] Hold down Shift when opening the Explorer File menu, then click on "Open command window here". If you can't see the menu bar, open the File menu by pressing `Alt`-`Shift`-`F` - `Alt`-`F` to open the File menu, plus `Shift`.

For Windows XP, [use the PowerToy mentioned by dF](https://stackoverflow.com/a/60905/1879) to get the same function.
For a better experience using a terminal in windows system, [cmder](http://cmder.net/) may help for a shortcut usage:

1. Download [cmder](http://cmder.net/) into your system
2. Make shortcut
3. type `path_of_the_cmder` `/START` `target_path_wish_to_run`

For an instance:

**`TARGET`** -> `C:\Users\<username>i\AppData\Roaming\cmder\Cmder.exe /START C:\SOURCE\`