Question: I'm using Django 1.10 and trying to catch all exceptions with exception middleware.

The code below causes an internal server error:

```
mw_instance = middleware(handler)
TypeError: object() takes no parameters

```

views.py

```
from django.http import HttpResponse

def my_view(request):
    x = 1/0 # cause an exception
    return HttpResponse("ok")

```

settings.py

```
MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
    'myproject.middleware.ExceptionMiddleware',  

]

```

middleware.py

```
from django.http import HttpResponse

class ExceptionMiddleware(object):
    def process_exception(self, request, exception): 
        return HttpResponse("in exception")

```

I have seen these [object() takes no parameters in django 1.10](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/39457381/object-takes-no-parameters-in-django-1-10) and other questions talking about middleware versus middleware\_classes, but I'm not sure how that applies to this case, or what I'd actually need to change to fix the issue.

Answer: 
Since you are using the new `MIDDLEWARE` settings, your Middleware class must accept a `get_response` argument: <https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/topics/http/middleware/#writing-your-own-middleware>

You could write your class like this:

```
from django.http import HttpResponse

class ExceptionMiddleware(object):
    def __init__(self, get_response):
        self.get_response = get_response

    def __call__(self, request):
        return self.get_response(request)

    def process_exception(self, request, exception): 
        return HttpResponse("in exception")

```

You could also use the `MiddlewareMixin` to make your Middleware compatible with pre-1.10 and post-1.10 Django versions: <https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/topics/http/middleware/#upgrading-pre-django-1-10-style-middleware>

```
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin

class ExceptionMiddleware(MiddlewareMixin):
    def process_exception(self, request, exception):
        return HttpResponse("in exception")

```
in the newer version of Django, the middleware should be written like this 

```
import datetime
from django.core.cache import cache
from django.conf import settings
from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin

class ActiveUserMiddleware(MiddlewareMixin):

    def process_request(self, request):
        current_user = request.user
        if request.user.is_authenticated:
            now = datetime.datetime.now()
            cache.set('seen_%s' % (current_user.username), now, 
                           settings.USER_LASTSEEN_TIMEOUT)

```