Question: I want to know about Prophet Muhammad's life. Please tell me about the last Salat performed by the Prophet and the Surah which He recited in it.

Answer: 
As Medi Saif pointed out, Prophet (peace be upon him) did not pray in the mosque for some time and he appointed Abu-Baker Assidiq to lead the prayer, a total of 17 prayers. Which suggests that the Prophet (peace be upon him) did not go to the mosque for at least 3 days. According to the Muslim historians and hadith scholars, As-sayuti, An-nassaiy and Ibn-Katheer, Mohammed (peace be upon him) went to the mosque on Monday, the day he died, and prayed Morning prayer (sitting) behind Abu-Baker Assidiq. This was his last prayer. There was no mention of the suras which Abu-Bakir read.
The prophets last prayer that he led in the mosque was Maghrib and the Surah that he read was surah Mursalat and then when he woke up he read fajr and then passed away