Question: Given two integers X and Y, I want to overwrite bits at position P to P+N.

Example:

```
int x      = 0xAAAA; // 0b1010101010101010
int y      = 0x0C30; // 0b0000110000110000
int result = 0xAC3A; // 0b1010110000111010

```

Does this procedure have a name?

If I have masks, the operation is easy enough:

```
int mask_x =  0xF00F; // 0b1111000000001111
int mask_y =  0x0FF0; // 0b0000111111110000
int result = (x & mask_x) | (y & mask_y);

```

What I can't quite figure out is how to write it in a generic way, such as in the following generic C++ function:

```
template<typename IntType>
IntType OverwriteBits(IntType dst, IntType src, int pos, int len) {
// If:
// dst    = 0xAAAA; // 0b1010101010101010
// src    = 0x0C30; // 0b0000110000110000
// pos    = 4                       ^
// len    = 8                ^-------
// Then:
// result = 0xAC3A; // 0b1010110000111010
}

```

The problem is that I cannot figure out how to make the masks properly when all the variables, including the width of the integer, is variable.

Does anyone know how to write the above function properly?

Answer: 
A little bit shifting will give you the masks you need.

```
template<typename IntType>
IntType OverwriteBits(IntType dst, IntType src, int pos, int len) {
    IntType mask = (((IntType)1 << len) - 1) << pos;
    return (dst & ~mask) | (src & mask);
}

```
Make the mask for positions P to P+N by taking ((2^N+1) - 1) << P ??

2^ (N+1) gives you a 1 in position N+1, Suntracting 1 sets all the first N bits, and then left shifting P times moves the whole arrangement P positions... 

Since 2^ N is equivilent to 1 left shift N times, the whole thing is done by:

```
 ((1 << (N+1)) -1 ) << P

```

the N and the P may be off by one, but generally, this should work