Question: I want to use the $\LaTeX$ font in graphics. For text/numbers, this is easily done by `FontFamily -> "CMU Serif"` (on Ubuntu) like this:

```
Plot[Sin[x], {x, -Pi, Pi}, 
LabelStyle -> Directive[16, FontFamily -> "CMU Serif"],
AxesLabel -> {"Greek: \[Alpha],\[Beta],\[Gamma]", "Fancy font!"}]

```

![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ElcG8.png)

The English text and numbers are in LaTeX computer modern font, which is great, but the Greek is not. For comparison, it should be

![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/jQJoh.png)

This is because Latex does not use computer modern for Greek letters, but rather a font which (in Ubuntu, at least) is called `cmmi10` font, as I found by looking at the PDF properties. The Greek letters correspond to characters in the range 161-195, as seen by this picture (obtained in LibreOffice `Special character` menu)

![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/jsEkx.png)

but sadly only some 
of them work. The output of 

```
Style[FromCharacterCode[Range[161, 195]], FontFamily -> "cmmi10"]

```

is

![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Rl8WU.png)

So for some reason $\beta, \epsilon, \zeta $ and some more are displaying correctly, but others don't. Is there any way to fix this?

Answer: 
What you could do is download and install the **STIX** fonts [by following the instructions here](http://www.stixfonts.org/install.html). These fonts are (if I'm not mistaken) also used by `MathJAX`, the engine that renders $\LaTeX$ code on this web site. 

Then, in *Mathematica*, do something like this:

```
baseStyle = {FontFamily -> "STIXGeneral", 12, 
          ScriptSizeMultipliers -> .66, ScriptMinSize -> 6};

    Map[SetOptions[#, BaseStyle -> baseStyle] &, {Plot, ListPlot}];

    Plot[Sin[x], {x, -2, 2}, 
      AxesLabel -> {HoldForm@Subscript[x, 1], 
          HoldForm@Sin[Subscript[x, 1]]}]

```

![plot](https://i.stack.imgur.com/23Kxm.png)

The STIX fonts could also be replaced by "Times New Roman", but I suggest the former because they are designed for scientific typesetting and have all the necessary symbols, including Greek. In the `Map` command, I apply this choice of fonts to the types of plots I think are needed. You can customize the list `{Plot, ListPlot}` to whatever you like.
Even though this question was asked quite some time ago, the problem is still relevant today I believe (at least for me it was).

I found that combining yohbs' approach using "FromCharacterCode" and the OpenType-Font "Latin Modern Math" works very well for me (I now use this workflow on Mathematica 12.0).

[![Greek Letters in Mathematica 12](https://i.stack.imgur.com/xmTrs.png)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/xmTrs.png)

The character codes for the corresponding Greek letters can be looked up in LibreOffice:
[![Character Codes for Greek Letters from LibreOffice](https://i.stack.imgur.com/nfZF1.png)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/nfZF1.png)

I hope this was of help to someone!