Question: By default, only the most recently used plan as well as "balanced" are available. How do I display all 3 default power plans? I'd like to avoid third party programs if possible.

Answer: 
Just use the shortcut key `WIN`+`X` which will bring up the mobility center; then you may choose the power plan you want. very simple!!
See my answer to this an other question, on how to create your own Power Scheme switcher menu, using only Windows built-in features :

<https://superuser.com/a/1631250/711015>

That way you can show and have access to switch to any number of schemes.