Question: Is there any way to view the stars even in a cloudy sky? For example by using a particular camera, or a particular UV filter in front of the camera, and so on.

Answer: 
for a cloudy sky, Mie scattering is playing the role. to see a star you have to use larger wavelength :

[![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/N1LzO.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/N1LzO.jpg)

but the ordinary cameras are not sensitive in IR ($\lambda$ >900 nm)
as a rule of thumb, the larger the wavelength the easier way to image through the particles.
You need an app to see the stars in a cloudy sky.