Question: I'm an undergraduate electrical engineer. I have studied up to 80 percent of a masters in electrical engineering program and have two IEEE published papers. Is there such a thing as a PhD entrance exam that I can take to prove my ability to pass advanced electrical courses and get admitted directly into a PhD in a university in Europe?

Answer: 
Admission and funding in European PhD programs depends a lot on the university and the country's regulations. You should search for the programs you are interested in applying to and read their specific requirements.
In France, they count it in years of study. My Bachelor in Engineering was 5 years, so that was "equivalent" to a MS in France. I had an MS as well, but I didn't even bother ($) translating it, because it wasn't necessary.