Question: In deploying to a new (Solaris 9) environment recently, one of the steps was to copy a set of files and directories to their new location and then to apply the group UID bit (using "chmod -R g+s") to all files in the directory tree giving a mode of -rwxr-s--- to everything. The result was that none of our shell scripts would execute unless they were individually opened and re-saved. I should add that we had earlier set g+s on the target parent folder prior to copying files; this had set the initial mode on all the new directories to drwxr-s--- but the files had a mode of -rwxr-x---

Having eventually discovered which step caused the problem, we were able to cut out that step and proceed.

I would like, however, to understand what the "s" bit means when applied to directories and files, in the hope that this will explain why we had the problem in the first place.

Answer: 
For executable files, this means that when the file is executed, it is executed as the group that owns the file, not the group of the user executing the file.

This is useful if you want users to be able to assume the permissions of a particular group just for running one command.

However, it is also a security risk as it is allowing users to elevate their permissions. You have to know that the scripts with this bit set aren't going to do anything that would let users abuse these extra permissions.
More information about setuid and setgid [here](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_system_permissions#Additional_Permissions)