Question: What is the quickest and best way to export a plot image from Mathematica to a $\LaTeX$ Editor? Is there something quicker than exporting it to an image and then including it in the $\LaTeX$ document?

Answer: 
If you create a notebook with some plots and then save it as LaTeX, not only will the images all be generated but so will LaTeX code that you can use to include those images.
I just figured out the following workaround imitating the psfrag convenience while avoiding intense programming or additional software:

1. Create a new PlotTheme as described [here](https://mathematica.stackexchange.com/questions/54545/is-it-possible-to-define-a-new-plottheme?newreg=152b31896aa843649f4693beeb69c7a1). It should contain the Latex fonts i.e. `FontFamily->"CMU Serif"`, the font size of the document to be created, i.e. `FontSize->11` and the final size of the plot via `ImageSize->425`. The latter is necessary for reproducible font sizes. My result looks like this:

```
Themes`AddThemeRules["Export",
DefaultPlotStyle->Thread@Directive[ColorData[97,"ColorList"], Thick],
Frame ->True, Background -> None, LabelStyle -> {FontSize->11,           
FontFamily -> "CMU Serif"}, ImageSize -> 425, PlotMarkers -> {Automatic, Small}];

```
2. Use the new PlotTheme on the figure like so: `Plot[...,PlotTheme->"MyTheme"]` and export as EPS
3. Import into Latex with size of 100%.

I ended up creating a small version with 212pt Image Size and a larger for full-page plots of 425pt. Also, I made a package to have them ready at every session.
This imitates psfrag in the way that if the document font size or -style changes, the plots can be redrawn quickly by simply changing the custom themes and exporting again. 

This is not a proper solution to the problem, but an easy workaround, which should be sufficient for most cases. It might not be enough for a journal article, though:

[![](https://i.stack.imgur.com/506tX.png)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/506tX.png)

In general it is a shame that Mathematica cannot separate graphics and text upon export. Matlab and most other Software packages have much better latex export functionalities. Maybe it is just a marketing thing - making it hard to avoid the Mathematica style. In any case a much-needed feature for v11!