Question: Is there a DI framework comparable to Google Guice? And what does Google use?

Answer: 
There is nothing as mature or standard as Guice in the C++ world. However, some people have put together simplistic implementations on their own. Here's a couple.

* <http://adam.younglogic.com/2008/07/dependency-injection-in-c/> (source for implementation is at the end of the post)
* <http://sourceforge.net/projects/qtioccontainer/> (requires Qt)
* <http://code.google.com/p/autumnframework/> (hasn't been touched since 2007)
* <http://programmaticallyspeaking.blogspot.com/2010/04/beautiful-dependency-injection-in-c.html> (more of a description, really)
* <http://sourceforge.net/projects/cpp-resolver/> ("Alpha" quality)

You're unlikely to be satisfied by any of these.

If you really wanted to put in the effort to rally the world around a DI framework for C++, probably the way to go about it would be to make a proposal to the Boost guys.
There is a recent one that looks very interesting called [Hypodermic](https://github.com/ybainier/Hypodermic/wiki/Registering-concrete-types), i haven't tested it but it looks pretty active