Question: Is there any system/compiler/SDK/IDE that provides an ability to develop desktop applications using JavaScript?

Answer: 
You can use **[node-webkit](https://github.com/rogerwang/node-webkit)**.

It uses webkit to render the webpage and execute the Javascript, and you will have access to all the Node.js javascript API (reading/writing files, …)
You can use an .net application for execute javascript codes.

You can make this:

```
string CompilerJScript (string JSource) {
            return Microsoft.JScript.Eval.JScriptEvaluate(JSource, Microsoft.JScript.Vsa.VsaEngine.CreateEngine());
}

```

You need to reference the `Microsoft.JScript` dll assembly.

**Note:**
*don't using only keyword to reference the assembly. right click on
 the project in VS and choose 'Add reference'*