Question: I have this kind of table [![Table](https://i.stack.imgur.com/mzjid.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/mzjid.jpg).

I would like to make the 2nd column text occupy the same as that from the 1st column. That way, the line spacing between the lines needs to be bigger..

Answer: 
As already mentioned @leandriis in his comment, using table in your way can be (is) misleading. I would look for some other way to present values of variables considered in your study cases. One example can be:

```
\usepackage[skip=1ex]{caption}

\begin{document}
    \begin{table}[ht]
\caption{\dots}
\label{tab:values-1}
    \centering
    \begin{tabular}{rl}
    \toprule
variables   &   \multicolumn{1}{c}{selected values}      
                                                \\
    \midrule
$d_p$ [mm]  &   36, 43, 50, 75, 100, 200, 400   \\
$\alpha$ [\si{\degree}]
            &   20, 30, 30.7, 45                \\
    \bottomrule
    \end{tabular}
\end{table}
\end{document}

```

[![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/JFBS3.png)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/JFBS3.png)

However, table as you like to have, can be simple achieve by `tabularray` package:

```
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{siunitx}
\usepackage{tabularray}
\UseTblrLibrary{booktabs}
\usepackage[skip=1ex]{caption}

\begin{document}
    \begin{table}[ht]
\caption{\dots}
\label{tab:values-1}
    \centering
    \begin{tblr}{colspec={Q[l,wd=4em]l},
                 vspan=even}
    \toprule
$d_p$ [mm]  &   $\alpha$ [\si{\degree}] \\
    \midrule
\SetCell[r=4]{l}   
36\par       
43\par       
50\par       
75\par       
100\par  
200\par  
400         &   20      \\
            &   30      \\
            &   30.7    \\
            &   45      \\
    \bottomrule
    \end{tblr}
\end{table}
\end{document}

```

[![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/fq5f3.png)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/fq5f3.png)
This seems similar to [Identical spacing of inference lines with Bussproofs](https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/621047/identical-spacing-of-inference-lines-with-bussproofs/621056#621056).

Because there is no 1:1 correspondence between the rows in the first and the second column, this is a vertical rather than a horizontal alignment. It can be achieved in plain TeX

```tex
\def\cell#1{\hbox to 5pc{\strut $#1$\hfil}}
\leftline{\valign{&\cell{#}\cr
\omit\hrule&d_p\;[mm]&\omit\hrule&36&43&50&75&100&200&400&\omit\hrule\cr
\omit\hrule&\alpha\;[{}^\circ]&\omit\hrule&
  \multispan{7}{\cell{20}\vfil\cell{30}\vfil\cell{37.5}\vfil\cell{45}}&\omit\hrule\cr
}}

```

but it is probably also possible with LaTeX.

[![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/9E7Pe.png)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/9E7Pe.png)

In general, place the values in the second column (the one with fewer values) inside the `\multispan{7}`, separated by `\vfil`:

```tex
\multispan{7}{\cell{...}\vfil\cell{...}\vfil...\vfil\cell{...}}

```

And the number after the `\multispan` is the number of values in the first column (the one with most values).