Question: I need to show that $(a,b)$ and $(c,\infty)$ have the same cardinality, yet I am not sure what to do. The only example I have to go by that is similar is $(0,1)$ and $(1,\infty)$... And that one used the function $f(x)=1/x$.

Answer: 
You have done the hard part. Can you find a bijecton between $(a,b)$ and $(0,1)$? There is a natural one. Then can you find one between $(1,\infty)$ and $(c,\infty)?$. Then you can just compose the bijections $(a,b)\leftrightarrow (0,1) \leftrightarrow (1,\infty) \leftrightarrow (c,\infty)$. Normally you wouldn't be asked to do it explicitly, you have shown that you could and that is enough.
Show $(a,b)$ and $(c,d)$ have the same cardinality, with $a,b,c,d\in\mathbb{R}. a<b,c<d$  

Define $\Phi:(a,b)\to(c,d)$ as  

$$\Phi(x) = \frac{(x-a)}{(b-a)}\*(d-c)+c$$
The intuitive idea is that the relative length of segment a-x with respect to a-b is preserved and projected on c-d. Show this is bijective.

To show $(0,\frac{\pi}{2})$ has same cardinality with $\mathbb{R}$, look at $$\arctan:(0,\infty)\to(0,\frac{\pi}{2})$$
Show it is bijecitive. 

Then we show $(a,b)$ is bijective with $(0,\frac{\pi}{2})$ by method 1, which is bijective with $(0,\infty)$ by arctan, which is bijective to $(c,\infty)$ by shifting by c.