Question: What does mean 는 when it comes after a verb and how do you use it in sentences? I know it comes after nouns but what does it mean when 는 comes AFTER verbs and how do you use it? Can you provide example sentences (like as many as you can, seriously?)

I see this 있는 thing being used all the time but it is so damn confusing. **Can you provide many example sentences with 있는? Is it still a verb/adverb?**

Answer: 
Fwiw these are some examples I made

사랑하는 사람 => the person I love

* 사랑하는 사람에게 편지를 보냈다. => I sent a mail to the person I love.

아끼는 장난감 => my favorite toy

* 아끼는 장난감을 잃어 버렸다. => I lost my favorite toy.

맛있는 요리 => food that tastes good => nice dish

* 맛있는 요리였다. => That was a nice dish.

있는 => existing/being

집에 있는 사람 => the person existing in the house => someone at home

* 집에 있는 사람이 나 대신 일을 해 줬으면 좋겠어. => I want someone at home to do the work for me.

사무실에 있는 서류 => documents existing in the office => documents in the office

* 사무실에 있는 서류 좀 가지고 올 게. -> I'll go get my documents in the office.

벽에 있는 벌레 => a bug existing in a wall => a bug in a wall

* 벽에 있는 벌레를 때려 잡았다. -> I slapped a bug on the wall.

있는 대로 집어던지다 => throw things as many as they exist => throw everything around

* 베개를 있는 대로 집어던졌다. => I threw all pillows around me.

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> 
> 1. what 는 after verb means and how to use it? what exactly is 는 after verb and why is it useful?
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는 after verb connects that verb to a noun following it.

E.g. 웃는 돼지 = A laughing pig

You use 는 after verb because without it, Korean verbs will almost always end the sentence.

E.g. 웃는다 돼지 = I laugh. A pig. (This does not connect the verb laugh and the noun pig.)

You can’t say like `웃는다 돼지` to express `a laughing pig` because it’s grammatically wrong without 는 after verb.

That’s when you have to add 는 to a verb.

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> 
> how 있는 works and how to use it properly? also what does it mean if it's not a verb, i don't understand at all?
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있는 is only a combination of 는 after verb and the verb 있다.

있다 means `there is/are` `something exsists`.

있는 is often used to express that something is at somewhere.

E.g.

하늘나라에 있는 강아지 = A puppy in heaven

지옥에 있는 고양이 = A cat in hell

(Just random examples)

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“는” is mostly attached to verb and adjective, and following by a noun.

E.g. 내가 사랑하(verb)는 오빠(noun)가 너무 잘생겼다. The man whom I love is so handsome.

You can see that “사랑하는 오빠” where “는” is added to “사랑하(다)” which is a verb. “사랑하는 오빠” here means “man whom I love”. By this explanation, you can see that “는” is used when you want to emphasize the meaning of something. Sometimes “는” works as Adjective in English part of speech. Also sometimes “는” works as Pronounce.

More example:

* 밥을 잘 먹(verb)는 딸(noun)을 보면 나도 행복하다. I’m also happy when I see my child eats well.
* 공부 잘하(vera)는 학생(noun)한테 상을 줄 거예요. We will reward students who are good at study.

“는” is attached to verb in present tense. There’re also past tense, present tense, and future tense in Korean language. So when you use “는” inside the sentence, the listener could know that you want to talk about what happens in the present tense.

Continue from the present tense about, I want to add that “있는” is usually used with “고 있는” to present the continuous action. Or just “verb(아/어) 있는” to show that the action is happening.

E.g. 밤을 먹고 있는 아이가 내 딸이에요. The one who is eating is my daughter.

* 저기 멀리 서 있는 사람이 내 아빠예요. The one who stands there is my dad.

There are many cases that “는” is used. “있는/없는”, “noun는”.

I hope that my answer could give you a nice meaning that you want to know.