Question: **EDIT:**

Calculations were incorrect, the earth in my comic is not 5.8x larger, it is 2.4x larger. Its surface area is 5.8x larger but the diameter is 2.4x larger.

Anyway

I'm working on a comic that is set in an alternate earth that is 2.4x larger than the real world in an effort to incorporate numerous fictional locations that could not fit on a real-world map due to their sizes.

I am wondering if earth that is 2.4x larger would slow down human progress to a significant degree due to the fact that travel times would be extended, thus slowing trade, immigration, and colonialism. 

This comic aims to be set in a modern world albeit on a larger Earth. The USA still exists but it's a much larger country. New Jersey, for example, is now the size of England. Likewise, the repercussions of this larger earth may inhibit the USA from ever coming into existence. 

If the answers result in any conflict with the goals of the comic, I may just resort to pure fantasy but it will be fun to learn how this stuff works regardless.

Answer: 
One big aspect to a bigger world is *stronger gravity*.
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(For the long version: Go read "Dragon's Egg" and "StarQuake" by Robert L Forward. The gravity there is 67 billion times stronger than Earth's, but I think you'd find some of the ideas relevant.)

### Biology

Flying birds? Insects? Possibly not. Jumpers (fleas, grasshoppers, frogs)? The impact at the end of that jump will be significantly more dangerous.

Trees will be shorter. Climbing much harder. OTOH, dropping things out of that tree onto whatever is below will be disproportionately effective. Falling out of a tree would be certain death.

Bipeds probably wouldn't be a thing. Falling down in such potent gravity would be Very Bad.

### Geology

On the one hand I would expect mountains to be shorter. On the other hand I would expect tectonic forces to be stronger. More/stronger earthquakes, with more fault lines?

More gravity means stronger eruptions when they happen, though the blast wouldn't carry debris as far. Ash clouds would still be a thing... probably?

Waterfalls would hit considerably harder from a given height, though the heights available could be shorter.

Cliffs can't be as tall before collapsing.

### Civilization/Technology

Shorter buildings. A "2 story building" might be a modern miracle. Or a roof for that matter.

Mining is that much more dangerous from cave-ins. That means fewer available resources. Strip mining suddenly looks really good.

Flight and space flight won't happen until much further along the tech curve. No satellites (comm, spy, weather, etc) of any sort.

Falling rain could be dangerous. Rain could also be a better/viable power source. Hydroelectric would be more effective.

### Combat

Ranged combat will be at much shorter ranges, though I suspect it would still exist. Melee combat will be affected, in that overhead swings will be even more effective, but would require that much more strength to pull off.
Even if the question is marked as answered I think that the main point is missing. The world population boomed when the use of tools and eventually the industry multiplied the capacity to transport and produce food and goods beyond what is possible with human and animal muscles. To transport and produce people need energy and if the weight is stronger people would need a lot more energy, however the fuels we know in a heavier world would have the same energy density. So to keep the same level of development we had in the last 200 yeard the population would need an amount of energy resource bigger by one or two order of magnitudes. Furthermore some tasks could even become impossible because they would require fuel with a very high energy density.