Question: How do I better navigate the command line? In TextMate, I can do:

* `CMD` + `ALT` + `ARROW` to switch tabs
* `CMD` + `SHIFT` + `ARROW` to highlight lines of text
* `ALT` + `SHIFT` + `ARROW` to highlight words
* `ALT` + `ARROW` to jump words, etc.

How do I do this kind of stuff in the terminal?

Answer: 
Here's a slightly more complete mapping from Mac text navigation to the default Readline keys:
![iTerm key mapping](https://i.stack.imgur.com/CW8rx.png) 

I set this up in the Keys pane of my [iTerm2](http://www.iterm2.com) preferences, but you should be able to make the same mappings in Terminal.app (Edit: Everything except the first two. Terminal.app only lets you pick from a few different keys)
This is a pointer for anyone landing here looking for the equivalent tips for iTerm (as opposed to the default terminal).

To do the same in iTerm, go to menu "Bookmarks", "Manage Profiles", "Keyboard profiles", "Global".

Then add all of the shortcuts you see in the other answers here, but instead of sending text "\033..." when creating a mapping, you simply select the action "send character sequence" and the character for the escape sequence!.

* "\033b" becomes b
* "\033f" becomes f
* and so on.

[Escape sequence example](http://i.stack.imgur.com/woUEy.png)