Question: What does mean 는 when it comes after a verb and how do you use it in sentences? I know it comes after nouns but what does it mean when 는 comes AFTER verbs and how do you use it? Can you provide example sentences (like as many as you can, seriously?)

I see this 있는 thing being used all the time but it is so damn confusing. **Can you provide many example sentences with 있는? Is it still a verb/adverb?**

Answer: 
The 은/는 that comes after a noun is a completely different ending than the 는 (and 은) that come after verbs. Consider them as homonyms, like English can (I **can** do it / tin **can**).

After a verb, 는 is a present *present participle* ending, like the -ing in an English phrase like 'the dripping faucet' - basically, it allows us to use the verb as a modifier (just like an adjective before a noun). So it's still a verb (동사), but it's used as a modifier before a noun.

English makes limited use of participles before nouns, but Korean uses them a lot - in fact, for all relative clauses, Korean uses participles; either the present participle -는, the past participles -ㄴ/-은 and -던, and the future participle -ㄹ/-을.

For example, in English we can use a relative clause to say "The person who is watching a movie" - in Korean, we just use a participle before person:

> 
> 영화를 보는 사람. The person who is watching a movie
> 
> 
> 

We could easily change the tense:

> 
> 영화를 본 사람 (The person who saw the movie)   
> 
> 영화를 보던 사람 (The person who was watching a/the movie)   
> 
> 영화를 볼 사람 (The person who will watch a/the movie)
> 
> 
> 

So 있는 is the present participle of 있다, and can be used in various ways:

> 
> 돈 있는 사람 (a person with money ("person who has money")   
> 
> 밥 먹고 있는 사람 (a person who eats rice / a person who is eating rice)   
> 
> 자전거를 탈 수 있는 사람 (a person who can ride a bicycle)
> 
> 
> 

**Note:** Adjectives / Adjective verbs / Descriptive verbs or whatever you want to call them (형용사 in Korean) are a little different; for these words, like 춥다 (cold) you cannot use the -는 ending, but -ㄴ/은 can be used to make a present tense modifier form:

> 
> 날씨가 춥다 (the weather is cold - here 춥다 is a predicate, not a modifier)
> 추운 날씨 (cold weather - here 추운 is the modifier form of the adjective.
> 
> 
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Fwiw these are some examples I made

사랑하는 사람 => the person I love

* 사랑하는 사람에게 편지를 보냈다. => I sent a mail to the person I love.

아끼는 장난감 => my favorite toy

* 아끼는 장난감을 잃어 버렸다. => I lost my favorite toy.

맛있는 요리 => food that tastes good => nice dish

* 맛있는 요리였다. => That was a nice dish.

있는 => existing/being

집에 있는 사람 => the person existing in the house => someone at home

* 집에 있는 사람이 나 대신 일을 해 줬으면 좋겠어. => I want someone at home to do the work for me.

사무실에 있는 서류 => documents existing in the office => documents in the office

* 사무실에 있는 서류 좀 가지고 올 게. -> I'll go get my documents in the office.

벽에 있는 벌레 => a bug existing in a wall => a bug in a wall

* 벽에 있는 벌레를 때려 잡았다. -> I slapped a bug on the wall.

있는 대로 집어던지다 => throw things as many as they exist => throw everything around

* 베개를 있는 대로 집어던졌다. => I threw all pillows around me.

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> 
> 1. what 는 after verb means and how to use it? what exactly is 는 after verb and why is it useful?
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> 
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는 after verb connects that verb to a noun following it.

E.g. 웃는 돼지 = A laughing pig

You use 는 after verb because without it, Korean verbs will almost always end the sentence.

E.g. 웃는다 돼지 = I laugh. A pig. (This does not connect the verb laugh and the noun pig.)

You can’t say like `웃는다 돼지` to express `a laughing pig` because it’s grammatically wrong without 는 after verb.

That’s when you have to add 는 to a verb.

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> 
> how 있는 works and how to use it properly? also what does it mean if it's not a verb, i don't understand at all?
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> 
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있는 is only a combination of 는 after verb and the verb 있다.

있다 means `there is/are` `something exsists`.

있는 is often used to express that something is at somewhere.

E.g.

하늘나라에 있는 강아지 = A puppy in heaven

지옥에 있는 고양이 = A cat in hell

(Just random examples)

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