Question: I visited a webpage but now the webpage has been removed or the server is down. I assume that Chrome has cached a version of this webpage. If so, how can I view this webpage?

Answer: 
Type `chrome://cache` in the address bar to get a list of resources cached by Chrome.

Unfortunately, clicking on a resource shows a HEX+ASCII preview of its contents. 
In cases when the content is gzipped (archived) this preview cannot be read, unless processed with a tool that can decompress it.
When you do a Google search, you will see a triangle at the end of the green colored line - click on the triangle and you will a "cached" option. Click that to get Google's cached page.