Question: In my world human(oid)s are not born anymore, they are grown in pods which mirror the conditions of a natural womb.

Children are educated before birth and are "born" as fully mature adults with a standard education ready to join society.

How long would this process take? I assume that artificial growth could be much quicker than a natural 18-20 year period. Could a human be grown in a year? A decade?

Answer: 
A year? No. Babies already require 9 months in the womb to get to where they get. You're limited because many processes in growth require chemical processes that simply take time. Humans simply aren't cars to be manufactured.

A decade? Now its getting interesting. It is reasonable to assume that a human could grow faster in a "perfect" environment with genes to leverage that perfect environment. Its entierly possible we could reach "fully grown" in a decade. However, the womb would probably have to be adjusted. Many thing a human body needs require things that challenge their motion (so they can learn which muscles are doing what). The humans would be gloriously clumsy unless they got Physical Education as part of their standard education in the womb.

A standard education in the womb you say? That education process might be very daunting indeed. You may be able to physically produce a human in a decade, but you may find it hard to properly educate them that fast.
It **REALLY** depends on what level of technology we're talking about here.

After all, given sufficiently advanced technology, we could "build" a person, atom by atom, to have all the same properties, education, mental and motor functions etc. as if they had developed the normal way over many years.

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Let's assume a level of technology that allows us to "develop" the brain in any way we like (including but not limited to: memories, knowledge, motor functions) as the body is growing, but which requires all the normal physical/chemical processes to take place. Albeit in an environment designed to optimise the speed/efficiency of that development.

**My guess: 2-7 years**

This is based on the fact that the environment you describe (No external interruptions, wholly optimised for and focused on development) sounds *very* similar to what we call "sleep".

Now, sleep also involves lots of other functions relating to ongoing maintenance/learning/repair which we may be able to eliminate the need for in our growth environment.

But then again, we have almost no idea of \*why\* humans need to sleep in the first place. So, I would suggest, for every day of "normal" growth, you will need a significant fraction of the time we spend sleeping, 2-8 hours or so, of "Test Tube Development Time". This yields 9%-33% of "Normal Development Time", so 2-7 years for a 20-year-old equivalent.