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0 | 1 | Every year, 11 million metric tons of plastics enter our ocean. Nearly all of these plastics are made from fossil fuels, including crude oil, natural gas liquids, and coal ... so, the plastics that escape to our ocean are like a slow-motion oil spill that is happening every day all around the world. This spill is a pervasive threat to ocean life and coastal communities. (Ocean Conservancy, September 24, 2021) We must confront skyrocketing plastic production, or climate change and plastic pollution will both get worse. (Ocean Conservancy, September 24, 2021) | Plastic Pollution is a problem | Frame (problem) | null | Beneficial | Ademola (2024) |
0 | 2 | Every year, 11 million metric tons of plastics enter our ocean. Nearly all of these plastics are made from fossil fuels, including crude oil, natural gas liquids, and coal ... so, the plastics that escape to our ocean are like a slow-motion oil spill that is happening every day all around the world. This spill is a pervasive threat to ocean life and coastal communities. (Ocean Conservancy, September 24, 2021) We must confront skyrocketing plastic production, or climate change and plastic pollution will both get worse. (Ocean Conservancy, September 24, 2021) | We must confront plastic pollution | Frame (solution) | null | Beneficial | Ademola (2024) |
0 | 3 | Every year, 11 million metric tons of plastics enter our ocean. Nearly all of these plastics are made from fossil fuels, including crude oil, natural gas liquids, and coal ... so, the plastics that escape to our ocean are like a slow-motion oil spill that is happening every day all around the world. This spill is a pervasive threat to ocean life and coastal communities. (Ocean Conservancy, September 24, 2021) We must confront skyrocketing plastic production, or climate change and plastic pollution will both get worse. (Ocean Conservancy, September 24, 2021) | We must confront skyrocketing
plastic production, or climate change and
plastic pollution will both get worse. | Frame (structure) | null | Beneficial | Ademola (2024) |
0 | 4 | Every year, 11 million metric tons of plastics enter our ocean. Nearly all of these plastics are made from fossil fuels, including crude oil, natural gas liquids, and coal ... so, the plastics that escape to our ocean are like a slow-motion oil spill that is happening every day all around the world. This spill is a pervasive threat to ocean life and coastal communities. (Ocean Conservancy, September 24, 2021) We must confront skyrocketing plastic production, or climate change and plastic pollution will both get worse. (Ocean Conservancy, September 24, 2021) | If we confront plastic production,
climate change will improve, and the pollution of marine ecosystems will be mitigated. | Frame (entailment) | null | Beneficial | Ademola (2024) |
1 | 1 | We must confront skyrocketing plastic production, or climate change and plastic pollution will both get worse. (Ocean Conservancy, September 24,2021) | We have a shared responsibility to tackle plastic pollution. | Conviction | Paraphrased | null | Ademola (2024) |
2 | 1 | There is a surge of investment in new plastic production right now. As the fossil fuel industry sees its future shrink in energy and transportation fuels, it is banking on growth in plastics to make up the difference. If that growth occurs, we will continue to rely on and invest in fossil fuel infrastructure at a time when we need a rapid transition to a clean energy economy to ensure a livable planet and healthy ocean. The most direct way to reduce CO2 emissions, keep plastic out of the ocean, and ensure healthy, livable communities is to prevent this massive new wave of fossil-fueled plastic production and use. | Investment in fossil-fueled plastic production distracts from the clean energy economy. | Frame (problem) | null | Beneficial | Ademola (2024) |
2 | 2 | There is a surge of investment in new plastic production right now. As the fossil fuel industry sees its future shrink in energy and transportation fuels, it is banking on growth in plastics to make up the difference. If that growth occurs, we will continue to rely on and invest in fossil fuel infastructure at a time when we need a rapid transition to a clean energy economy to ensure a livable planet and healthy ocean. The most direct way to reduce CO2 emissions, keep plastic out of the ocean, and ensure healthy, livable communities is to prevent this massive new wave of fossil-fueled plastic production and use. | Preventing the new wave of investment in plastic production is the solution | Frame (solution) | Added ‘is the solution’ to the statement | Beneficial | Ademola (2024) |
2 | 3 | There is a surge of investment in new plastic production right now. As the fossil fuel industry sees its future shrink in energy and transportation fuels, it is banking on growth in plastics to make up the difference. If that growth occurs, we will continue to rely on and invest in fossil fuel infrastructure at a time when we need a rapid transition to a clean energy economy to ensure a livable planet and healthy ocean. The most direct way to reduce CO2 emissions, keep plastic out of the ocean, and ensure healthy, livable communities is to prevent this massive new wave of fossil-fueled plastic production and use. | Continuous reliance and
investment in fossil fuel infrastructure is not more beneficial to our economy than
transitioning into a clean energy economy. | Frame (structure) | null | Beneficial | Ademola (2024) |
2 | 4 | There is a surge of investment in new plastic production right now. As the fossil fuel industry sees its future shrink in energy and transportation fuels, it is banking on growth in plastics to make up the difference. If that growth occurs, we will continue to rely on and invest in fossil fuel infrastructure at a time when we need a rapid transition to a clean energy economy to ensure a livable planet and healthy ocean. The most direct way to reduce CO2 emissions, keep plastic out of the ocean, and ensure healthy, livable communities is to prevent this massive new wave of fossil-fueled plastic production and use. | If we do not tackle the new wave of plastic production, we will not have a habitable planet and a sustainable marine habitat. | Frame (entailment) | null | Beneficial | Ademola (2024) |
3 | 1 | Plastics. At the mall it means credit card, in Mean Girls it’s the popular clique, in the oceans it’s pollution. | Plastics are an environmental problem in the form of pollution | Framing | null | null | Ademola (2024) |
3 | 2 | Plastics. At the mall it means credit card, in Mean Girls it’s the popular clique, in the oceans it’s pollution. | Man plays a role in creating plastic pollution. | Framing | null | null | Ademola (2024) |
3 | 3 | Plastics. At the mall it means credit card, in Mean Girls it’s the popular clique, in the oceans it’s pollution. | Plastics have benefits | Framing | null | null | Ademola (2024) |
3 | 4 | Plastics. At the mall it means credit card, in Mean Girls it’s the popular clique, in the oceans it’s pollution. | Plastics are not a threat to the ecosystem until they are found in the oceans. | Framing | null | null | Ademola (2024) |
4 | 1 | The oceans are home to small algae — called phytoplankton — that perform photosynthesis, just like land plants. This process converts carbon dioxide into oxygen, removing carbon from our atmosphere and reducing the effects of global warming.
Some of the carbon used by Phytoplankton sinks to the bottom of the ocean in the form of organic material (such as the bodies of algae themselves). This process of “carbon export” effectively cools the earth by removing carbon from the atmosphere and storing it deep sea, where it can remain for a long time.
“... phytoplankton and zooplankton. These tiny organisms perform a critically important service for the climate: like trees, they uptake carbon, helping the ocean absorb one-third of our greenhouse gas emissions.” | Small algae and their ocean habitat produce values that have a significant impact on the ecosystem. | Saliency | Paraphrased from text | Beneficial | Ademola (2024) |
4 | 2 | The oceans are home to small algae — called phytoplankton — that perform photosynthesis, just like land plants. This process converts carbon dioxide into oxygen, removing carbon from our atmosphere and reducing the effects of global warming.
Some of the carbon used by Phytoplankton sinks to the bottom of the ocean in the form of organic material (such as the bodies of algae themselves). This process of “carbon export” effectively cools the earth by removing carbon from the atmosphere and storing it deep sea, where it can remain for a long time.
“... phytoplankton and zooplankton. These tiny organisms perform a critically important service for the climate: like trees, they uptake carbon, helping the ocean absorb one-third of our greenhouse gas emissions.” | Algae (phytoplankton) are
capable of climate mitigating photosynthesis, a purposeful ecological activity. | Frame | Paraphrased from text | Beneficial | Ademola (2024) |
4 | 3 | The oceans are home to small algae — called phytoplankton — that perform photosynthesis, just like land plants. This process converts carbon dioxide into oxygen, removing carbon from our atmosphere and reducing the effects of global warming.
Some of the carbon used by Phytoplankton sinks to the bottom of the ocean in the form of organic material (such as the bodies of algae themselves). This process of “carbon export” effectively cools the earth by removing carbon from the atmosphere and storing it deep sea, where it can remain for a long time.
“... phytoplankton and zooplankton. These tiny organisms perform a critically important service for the climate: like trees, they uptake carbon, helping the ocean absorb one-third of our greenhouse gas emissions.” | The role algae plays in mitigating climate change is similar to plants. | Metaphor | Paraphrased from text | Beneficial | Ademola (2024) |
5 | 1 | Corals are like speed bumps. They slow down waves and lessen wave energy, protecting coastlines from hurricanes, cyclones, and tsunamis. Coral reefs protect the shorelines in 81 countries around the world, sheltering the 200 million people living along those coasts.
Corals are like nurseries. They provide hiding homes and hiding places for marine animals, large and small. An estimated 25% of all fish species call reefs home, and even more fish species spend part of their young lives there.
Losing reefs to ocean warming or acidification costs animals their home.
Corals are like history books. Coral’s hard calcium carbonate skeletons contain bands, like tree rings, that record environmental changes in temperature, water chemistry, and sediment. These records help scientists reconstruct what past ages were like before humans kept records. | Corals provide the ecological value of safety | Metaphor | Paraphrased from text | null | Ademola (2024) |
5 | 2 | Corals are like speed bumps. They slow down waves and lessen wave energy, protecting coastlines from hurricanes, cyclones, and tsunamis. Coral reefs protect the shorelines in 81 countries around the world, sheltering the 200 million people living along those coasts.
Corals are like nurseries. They provide hiding homes and hiding places for marine animals, large and small. An estimated 25% of all fish species call reefs home, and even more fish species spend part of their young lives there.
Losing reefs to ocean warming or acidification costs animals their home.
Corals are like history books. Coral’s hard calcium carbonate skeletons contain bands, like
tree rings, that record environmental changes in
temperature, water chemistry, and sediment. These records help scientists reconstruct what past ages were like before humans kept records. | Corals provide the ecological value of shelter | Metaphor | Paraphrased from text | null | Ademola (2024) |
5 | 3 | Corals are like speed bumps. They slow down waves and lessen wave energy, protecting
coastlines from hurricanes, cyclones, and tsunamis. Coral reefs protect the shorelines in 81 countries around the world, sheltering the 200 million people living along those coasts.
Corals are like nurseries. They provide hiding homes and hiding places for marine animals, large and small. An estimated 25% of all fish species call reefs home, and even more fish species spend part of their young lives there.
Losing reefs to ocean warming or acidification costs animals their home.
Corals are like history books. Coral’s hard calcium carbonate skeletons contain bands, like tree rings, that record environmental changes in temperature, water chemistry, and sediment. These records help scientists reconstruct what past ages were like before humans kept records. | Corals provide archival,
historical, and scientific values | Metaphor | Paraphrased from text | null | Ademola (2024) |
6 | 1 | Corals, specifically the Acropora species, regularly spew bacteria-filled mucus into the sea to defend against environmental and biological stressors. The mucus can trap and carry particles, energy, and large amounts of organic matter throughout the ocean. | Corals are active agents for
conserving the ocean ecosystem. | Salience | Paraphrased from text | null | Ademola (2024) |
7 | 1 | In Nigeria, we have seen extreme weather variations, rising sea levels, encroaching desertification, excessive rainfall, erosion and floods, land degradation - all of which threaten the ecosystem. These developments have devastating human costs and are affecting food security, livelihoods and the very survival of our people. 70th-UNGA, 2015. | Nature and the
physical environments are an indispensable life-supporting mechanism | Framing | Paraphrased | null | Ajibiye & Olojede (2019_ |
7 | 2 | In Nigeria, we have seen extreme weather variations, rising sea levels, encroaching desertification, excessive rainfall, erosion and floods, land degradation - all of which threaten the ecosystem. These developments have devastating human costs and are affecting food security, livelihoods and the very survival of our people. 70th-UNGA, 2015. | Environmental problems inevitably set off human problems. | null | Paraphrased | null | Ajibiye & Olojede (2019_ |
7 | 3 | In Nigeria, we have seen extreme weather variations, rising sea levels, encroaching desertification, excessive rainfall, erosion and floods, land degradation - all of which threaten the ecosystem. These developments have devastating human costs and are affecting food security, livelihoods and the very survival of our people. 70th-UNGA, 2015. | Ecological issues threaten the source of human livelihood and survival. | null | Paraphrased | null | Ajibiye & Olojede (2019_ |
7 | 4 | In Nigeria, we have seen extreme weather variations, rising sea levels, encroaching desertification, excessive rainfall, erosion and floods, land degradation - all of which threaten the ecosystem. These developments have devastating human costs and are affecting food security, livelihoods and the very survival of our people. 70th-UNGA, 2015. | Nature and the physical environments are something to be nurtured, rather than serially exploited. | null | Paraphrased | null | Ajibiye & Olojede (2019_ |
8 | 1 | COP- 21 marked a watershed in the global community's commitment to address climate change and we will continue in our determined efforts to reduce Green House Gas (GHG) emissions. 71st-UNGA, 2016. | The safety of the ecosystems, rather than the business-as-usual paradigm of ecological consumerism are a priority. | null | Paraphrased | null | Ajibiye & Olojede (2019_ |
8 | 2 | COP- 21 marked a watershed in the global community's commitment to address climate change and we will continue in our determined efforts to reduce Green House Gas (GHG) emissions. 71st-UNGA, 2016. | COP-21 will lead to a reduction in GHG emissions | null | Paraphrased | null | Ajibiye & Olojede (2019_ |
9 | 1 | The world took a giant step in Paris, towards addressing the challenges of Climate Change. Nigeria is proud to have been part of the process leading to the adoption of the Paris Agreement in December 2015 at the 21st meeting of the Conference of Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. - 71st-UNGA, 2016 | Ecocentrism is Nigeria’s value. | null | Paraphrased | null | Ajibiye & Olojede (2019_ |
10 | 1 | The world is experiencing new and unusual climate variability due to increased emissions of Greenhouse Gases. Even though Africa contributes very little to global warming, the socio-economic consequences of climate change spare no nation. 70th-UNGA, 2015. | Continuing burning
of coals and fuels derived from crude oil endangers the Earth’s life. | null | Paraphrased | null | Ajibiye & Olojede (2019_ |
11 | 1 | The river of unity flowed down, satisfying the thirst of jungles as well as of deserts. If God’s appreciation is not cultivated in your beliefs, you will be deprived of God’s blessings and will be in a state of impatience in a deserted environment, which is a result of ignorance. | God’s dominion flourishes both physical lands and the human inner realm. | Metaphor | Paraphrased | null | Baig et al (2023) |
11 | 2 | The river of unity flowed down, satisfying the thirst of jungles as well as of deserts. If God’s appreciation is not cultivated in your beliefs, you will be deprived of God’s blessings and will be in a state of impatience in a deserted environment, which is a result of ignorance. | God, like a river, grants humility and strength | Metaphor | Paraphrased | null | Baig et al (2023) |
11 | 3 | The river of unity flowed down, satisfying the thirst of jungles as well as of deserts. If God’s appreciation is not cultivated in your beliefs, you will be deprived of God’s blessings and will be in a state of impatience in a deserted environment, which is a result of ignorance. | God and Nature are one. | Metaphor | Paraphrased | null | Baig et al (2023) |
12 | 1 | God has planted a jasmine plant of His divine love in my bosom, which has fragranced my soul and this scent will guide me to the paths of virtue. It will further grow, if my acts are framed according to His teachings. | Plants are nourishing | Framing | Paraphrased | null | Baig et al (2023) |
12 | 2 | God has planted a jasmine plant of His divine love in my bosom, which has fragranced my soul and this scent will guide me to the paths of virtue. It will further grow, if my acts are framed according to His teachings. | Plants have a positive impact in human’s lives | Framing | Paraphrased | null | Baig et al (2023) |
13 | 1 | If God’s love could be obtained by purifying our physical existence, then frogs and fish would be more accessible. If God’s love could be obtained by removing your hair, then cattle would deserve more than anything else. But the case is that God’s love is awarded to those, whose souls are purified from evil contemplations and deeds. | Nature has spiritual benefits for humans | Identity | Paraphrased | null | Baig et al (2023) |
14 | 1 | If you intend to live an inactive life in this world then it is better to live in company of beggars. If people disgrace you by throwing garbage upon you, tolerate it. Accept all types of humiliations with humbleness and endurance. Have strong belief in your God, Who is the most authoritative in determining our future actions. We are all submissive to His will. | An aimless and unproductive life is a life wasted. | Salience | Paraphrased | null | Baig et al (2023) |
14 | 2 | If you intend to live an inactive life in this world then it is better to live in company of beggars. If people disgrace you by throwing garbage upon you, tolerate it. Accept all types of humiliations with humbleness and endurance. Have strong belief in your God, Who is the most authoritative in determining our future actions. We are all submissive to His will. | Humility is the recommended path to take in the face of character assassination. | Salience | Paraphrased | null | Baig et al (2023) |
15 | 1 | Those who have recognized God’s existence by pacing into the world of mysticism after reading the very first letter “alif” of divinity, they don’t need to recite the holy book, Quran. All the mysteries of heaven and hell become perceptible to them due to opening of their inward eye. The poet surrenders himself to such compassionate mystics, who have moved into the realm of devoutness. | Studying God is a substitute for studying the Q’uran | Erasure | Paraphrased | null | Baig et al (2023) |
16 | 1 | It is the divine light, which illuminates my environment and sheds away the darkness of night. It leads me on my routes through wilderness. The flame of divine love is burning scrupulously in my blood in such a manner that I sense my Creator even closer than my aorta. | God and man can be one | Ideology | Paraphrased | null | Baig et al (2023) |
16 | 2 | It is the divine light, which illuminates my environment and sheds away the darkness of night. It leads me on my routes through wilderness. The flame of divine love is burning scrupulously in my blood in such a manner that I sense my Creator even closer than my aorta. | The path to salvation for man is in becoming one with God | Ideology | Paraphrased | null | Baig et al (2023) |
17 | 1 | Human heart is far deeper than rivers and oceans and nobody can access its secrets and mysteries. There are great storms and thunders confronted by strong warriors all the time in it. The heart holds fourteen projections fixed like a marquee. Only those, whose inward eyes are open, are able to unfold the divine secrets. | There are deep mysteries in the human heart | Conviction | Paraphrased | null | Baig et al (2023) |
18 | 1 | Those, who pursue the pleasures in this materialistic world and forget the divine message, they will be dejected and will fall in the abyss of darkness. This world is merciless as it engulfs its followers. On the other hand, those, who condemn this world, they will be blessed in orchards of heaven hereafter. | Those who reject materialism will be rewarded. | Evaluation | Paraphrased | null | Baig et al (2023) |
18 | 2 | Those, who pursue the pleasures in this materialistic world and forget the divine message, they will be dejected and will fall in the abyss of darkness. This world is merciless as it engulfs its followers. On the other hand, those, who condemn this world, they will be blessed in orchards of heaven hereafter. | Those who embrace materialism will suffer. | Evaluation | Paraphrased | null | Baig et al (2023) |
19 | 1 | Don’t kill the world / Don’t let her down ...
Lend ear to nature’s cry ...
Don’t let her die ...
Help her survive ... | Nature is a living thing | Metaphor | null | null | Ghorbanpour (2016) |
20 | 1 | Don’t let her down ...
She’s all we have ...
Don’t let her die / fight for her trees ...
Help her survive / and she’ll reward you with life ... | Nature is a mother | Metaphor | null | null | Ghorbanpour (2016) |
21 | 1 | Concrete’s rising up / where yesterday was park / you heard the robin’s song
Heavy tractor runs / where air was clean and cool / make money burning fuel ...
Fishes doomed to die / as people live close by / and oak tree falls with moan
Parking lots will come / where flower fields were bright / as junkyard covers sight ... | Progress produces some bad outcomes | Evaluation | null | null | Ghorbanpour (2016) |
22 | 1 | Where will this lead to? / And what is this good for? ... | The end point of progress is not unequivocally good | Evaluation | null | null | Ghorbanpour (2016) |
23 | 1 | We kill the world ... / We surely do! In pieces we do!
We kill the world ... / Cause we don’t know what we’re doing | The believe that all progress is good deserves critique | Evaluation | null | null | Ghorbanpour (2016) |
24 | 1 | Who’s to say he got no rights ...
Got to give his skin away ...
Through his eyes I look inside his heart / He can feel like me and you
Can’t defend himself cause he can’t talk ... | Animals are living individuals | Salience | null | null | Ghorbanpour (2016) |
25 | 1 | As a department we have been categorically clear from the onset that ours is not to be a lobby group for a particular energy technology, but rather to execute our mandate of ensuring security of energy supply, using all available resources. Now that the energy mix has been outlined, we must work with the necessary speed and resolve to ensure its implementation. (Minister Gwede Mantashe – Approval of Integrated Resource Plan 2019) | Fossil fuels are a part of life | null | null | null | Laurie & Thompson (2024) |
26 | 1 | South Africa recognises the role of all forms of energy in ensuring security of energy supply and meeting the challenge of climate change. We promote an energy mix of coal, gas, renewables and nuclear. (Minister Jeff Radebe – Launch of Black Energy Professionals Association) | Fossil fuels are a part of life | null | null | null | Laurie & Thompson (2024) |
27 | 1 | South Africa has an abundance of coal resources which plays a major role in the South African energy mix. Over 75 percent of energy used in South Africa is generated from coal. The use of coal for energy generation is underpinned by availability, accessibility, reliability and affordability to South Africans. (Minister Jeff Radebe – Links between energy and mining sectors) | Fossil fuels are a wonderful gift | null | null | null | Laurie & Thompson (2024) |
28 | 1 | Abundant natural gas resources and rising production which includes supplies of tight gas, shale gas, and coal bed methane contributes to the strong competitive position of natural gas. Recent discoveries of new supplies of gas, the remarkable speed and scale of shale gas development and decreasing gas prices below expectations has heightened the awareness of natural gas as a key component of energy supply mix in a carbon-constrained world economy. (Minister Jeff Radebe – SADC Ministerial Workshop on Regional Gas Infrastructure and Market Development) | Fossil fuels are a wonderful gift | null | null | null | Laurie & Thompson (2024) |
29 | 1 | With regard to Gas to Power: South Africa has recognised this global shift and has set itself the vision to enter the global gas market and promote the development of a gas market, not only locally here in SA but also in the Southern Africa Region. For emerging economies, switching to gas as a competitive, cleaner and more flexible source for power production is a game changer. (Minister Jeff Radebe – Launch of Black Energy Professionals Association) | Fossil fuels can be environmentally friendly | null | null | null | Laurie & Thompson (2024) |
30 | 1 | The low carbon emission profile of gas-to-power and its modular configuration provides an opportunity for use of gas for power generation in the region. With an average electrification rate of 35%, the SADC region has an opportunity to develop a cleaner, reliable power generation sector from the use of gas. The gas to power can also support the renewable energy projects in various SADC member countries. (Minister Jeff Radebe – SADC Ministerial Workshop on Regional Gas Infrastructure and Market Development) | Fossil fuels can be environmentally friendly | null | null | null | Laurie & Thompson (2024) |
31 | 1 | ‘Coal will continue to play a significant role in electricity generation as the country has the resource in abundance. New investments will be directed towards more efficient coal technologies (High Efficiency, Low Emissions), underground coal gasification and the development of Carbon Capture and Storage to enable us to continue
using our coal resources in an environmentally responsible way’ (Minister Gwede Mantashe – Approval of Integrated Resource Plan 2019). | Fossil fuels can be environmentally friendly | null | null | null | Laurie & Thompson (2024) |
32 | 1 | ‘Given the need to increase energy supply in a globally carbon-constrained environment South Africa is investing in the development of clean coal technologies such as :– carbon capture and storage, Coal Fluidized Bed Circulation combustion, integrated gasification combined-cycle plant, underground coal gasification and ultra-super critical technologies’ (Minister Jeff Radebe – Links between energy and mining sectors). | Technology can save fossil fuels (and the climate) | null | null | null | Laurie & Thompson (2024) |
33 | 1 | Battery energy storage is undergoing particularly rapid techno-economic advancements with costs declining significantly. The large-scale uptake of battery energy storage would accelerate the stable implementation of cost-effective renewable energy technologies, permit the decentralisation, modernisation and digitalisation of the electric grid, and enable improved electrical power system flexibility, security and affordability. (Minister Jeff Radebe – South Africa Renewable Energy and
Energy Storage Systems Conference) | Technology can save fossil fuels (and the climate) | null | null | null | Laurie & Thompson (2024) |
34 | 1 | The South African National Energy Development Institute (SANEDI) deemed it fit that together with the Department of Energy, they should present possible collaborative partnerships in the energy efficiency and renewable energy space, that can establish win-win cleaner technology solutions into mining value chain after thorough consideration of the mining production processes; operations and maintenance; research and development; technology growth, development and advancement in contributing towards a low carbon economy in the short, medium and long terms. (Minister Jeff Radebe – South African National Energy Development Institute Energy Breakfast) | Technology can save fossil fuels (and the climate) | null | null | null | Laurie & Thompson (2024) |
35 | 1 | “The more they juggle their theories to fit the inconvenient truths, the more the public will question whether these prophesies of global doom are based on genuine science, or guesswork” (The Daily Mail, 22 July 2015). | There are uncertainties in the science of global warming | null | null | null | Norton & Hulme (2019) |
36 | 1 | “Scientists are divided over whether the profusion of extreme weather that has hit Britain over the past few years is a product of climate change or natural variation” (The Times, 8 December 2015). | There is a lack of scientific consensus about the cause of extreme weather events. | null | null | null | Norton & Hulme (2019) |
37 | 1 | “Even if the Kyoto proposals were rigorously adhered to, they would
not affect the globe's temperature by more than a fraction of on degree over the next 50 years” (The Daily Telegraph, 30 March 2001). “What a waste of energy to promote the saving of energy” (Daily Mail, 2015 December 14th). | Global agreements on climate change are futile. | null | null | null | Norton & Hulme (2019) |
38 | 1 | “Half will be spent on mitigation against the effects of climate change - flood defences for instance - while the rest will go towards so-called “adaption schemes”, including solar energy. These commitments are laudable” (The Independent, 1 December 2015). | There is a need to invest in adapting to climate change. | null | null | null | Norton & Hulme (2019) |
39 | 1 | “The car and plane allow us to travel where and when we want, with few restrictions beyond what we can afford. That is a way of life we are not willingly going to surrender” (The Daily Mail, 12 March 2007). | Individuals should not have restrictions placed on their consumption or lifestyle choices. | null | null | null | Norton & Hulme (2019) |
40 | 1 | “While some green groups hope that allocating individual quotas could help to show people how far they are living beyond planetary means, this could never be workable in practice” (The Times, 14 March 2007). | Individuals should not have restrictions placed on their consumption or lifestyle choices. | null | null | null | Norton & Hulme (2019) |
41 | 1 | “Mass air travel is not “binge flying”. It is the everyday miracle of our age” (The Times, 14 August 2007). | Individuals should not have restrictions placed on their consumption or lifestyle choices. | null | null | null | Norton & Hulme (2019) |
42 | 1 | “Unchecked climate change ... could have catastrophic consequences - a rise in global temperatures ... leading in turn to rising sea levels and huge movements of people fuelling conflict and instability” (The Guardian, 18 November 2015). | Climate change brings with it the threat of war and conflict. | null | null | null | Norton & Hulme (2019) |
43 | 1 | “Rising sea levels, higher temperatures, drought ... will make much of the planet uninhabitable within the lifetime of our children” | The impacts of climate change are a near-term problem. | null | null | null | Norton & Hulme (2019) |
44 | 1 | “It is not alarmist to predict food shortages and price inflation within the next half century if we fail to change what we eat” (The Times, 28 January 2015). | Safety and food security are an imminent catastrophe. | null | null | null | Norton & Hulme (2019) |
45 | 1 | “The case for a carbon tax, which penalises the polluter in a much more neutral fashion than the present mish-mash of duties and levies, would go a long way towards that objective,” (The Independent, 26 June 2001). | There is a strong case for a carbon tax. | null | null | null | Norton & Hulme (2019) |
46 | 1 | “The best solution would be for realistic targets to be set by governments, which would then leave companies to trade in carbon emissions as they thought fit” (The Daily Telegraph, 1 June 2007). | There is a strong case for carbon trading, taxation and emissions quotas. | null | null | null | Norton & Hulme (2019) |
47 | 1 | “Green taxes are not the only way to tackle climate change, but they are a key instrument” (The Guardian, 29 September 2007). “The 'green air miles' tax on flights proposed by Shadow Chancellor George Osborne has some attractions” (The Daily Mail, 12 March 2007). | There is a strong case for carbon taxation. | null | null | null | Norton & Hulme (2019) |
48 | 1 | “For the green movement to draw in more of the wider population, the emphasis on cataclysm - while entirely necessary - must be matched with promoting the vision of a green economy, with new jobs and new opportunities” (The Independent, 17 September 2015). | Climate change is a business opportunity. | null | null | null | Norton & Hulme (2019) |
49 | 1 | “Human ingenuity has accelerated global warming as a by-product of the industrial revolution. Only human ingenuity can slow it down.” (The Times, 28 November 2015). “It is on these technologies, together with carbon capture and storage, that the UK's low-carbon future depends - and, along with it, the chance to lead technological development” (The Guardian, 25 October 2015). | The human potential for technological innovation will solve climate change. | null | null | null | Norton & Hulme (2019) |
50 | 1 | “MPs on the select committee's panel was [sic] caustic about the Chancellor's decision to scrap £1bn of funding for carbon capture and storage technology, which removes CO2 from the atmosphere” (The Independent, December 16 2015). | Carbon capture and storage should be invested in. | null | null | null | Norton & Hulme (2019) |
51 | 1 | “We need to work in step with other countries for a low carbon future. That means showing hard-headed pragmatism, not racing ahead of the rest for political reasons,” (The Daily Telegraph, 14 December 2015). | We have a moral responsibility to solve climate change. | null | null | null | Norton & Hulme (2019) |
52 | 1 | “But climate change is above all a matter of equity - equity between rich world and poor world, equity between generations. A deal in Paris demands moral leadership,” (The Guardian, 1 January 2015). | Climate change is an issue between rich and poor. | null | null | null | Norton & Hulme (2019) |
53 | 1 | “It should transfer those [renewable energy] subsidies to R&D on the scale of the Manhattan Project in energy storage, advanced solar power and the holy grail of applied physics - controlled nuclear fusion” (The Times, 28 November 2015). | Governments need to invest in protection from climate change. | null | null | null | Norton & Hulme (2019) |
54 | 1 | “What is needed is a new burst of investment, research and development to make eco-friendlier energy sources profitable too. Where the money comes from government, it must be carefully targeted and geared for return” (The Times, 14 December 2015) | Governments need to invest in protection from climate change. | null | null | null | Norton & Hulme (2019) |
55 | 1 | “Are we witnessing a new trend, where growth decouples from coal consumption?” (The Guardian, 27 January 2015. | The need to decouple growth from coal consumption is of significance. | null | null | null | Norton & Hulme (2019) |
56 | 1 | “Rising crop yields and better science will undoubtedly help with food supply” (The Times, 28 January 2015). | Solutions that intensify agriculture can help meet needs. | null | null | null | Norton & Hulme (2019) |
57 | 1 | “President Obama said that this agreement is ‘the best chance we have to save the one planet we have’. The real achievement will be taking it” (The Times, 14 December 2015). | Governments need to make treaties with each other to protect the climate. | null | null | null | Norton & Hulme (2019) |
58 | 1 | “The Paris conference could make history by telling the truth about biofuels and wind power, which waste subsidies and will never meet soaring energy demands” (The Times, 14 December 2015) | Renewables cannot meet all of our power needs | null | null | null | Norton & Hulme (2019) |
58 | 2 | “The Paris conference could make history by telling the truth about biofuels and wind power, which waste subsidies and will never meet soaring energy demands” (The Times, 14 December 2015) | Wind power cannot meet all of our energy needs | null | null | null | Norton & Hulme (2019) |
59 | 1 | My name is Greta Thunberg. I am 16 years old. I come from Sweden, and I want you to panic. Every Friday, we will sit outside the Swedish Parliament until Sweden is in line with the Paris Agreement. We urge everyone to do the same wherever you are. Sit outside... It's an honor for me to be here with you today. Together, we are making a difference. We are in the midst of the sixth mass extinction, and the extinction rate is up to 10,000 times faster than what is considered normal, with up to 200 species becoming extinct every single day. Erosion of fertile topsoil, deforestation of our great forests, toxic air pollution, loss of insects and wildlife, the acidification of our oceans - these are all disastrous trends being accelerated by a way of life that we, here in our financially fortunate part of the world, see as our right to simply carry on. If I live to be 100, I will be alive in the year 2103. When you think about the future today, you don't think beyond the year 2050. By then, I will, in the best case, not even have lived half of my life. What happens next? In the year 2078, I will celebrate my 75th birthday. If I have children or grandchildren, maybe they will spend that day with me. Maybe they will ask me about you, the people who were around back in 2018. Maybe they will ask why you didn't do anything while there still was time to act. What we do or don't do right now will affect my entire life and the lives of my children and grandchildren. What we do or don't do right now, me and my generation can't undo in the future. So when school started in August this year, I decided that this was enough. I sat myself down on the ground outside of Swedish Parliament. I school striked for the climate. Some people say that I should be in school instead. Some people say that I should study to become a climate scientist so that I can solve the climate crisis, but the climate crisis has already been solved. We already have all the facts and solutions. All we have to do is to wake up and change. And why should I be studying for a future that soon will be no more when no one is doing anything whatsoever to save that future? And what is the point of learning facts in the school system when the most important facts given by the finest science of that same school system clearly means nothing to our politicians and our society? Some people say that Sweden is just a small country, and that it doesn't matter what we do. But I think that if a few children can get headlines all over the world just by not going to school for a few weeks, imagine what we could all do together if you wanted to. Now, we're almost at the end of my talk. And this is where people usually start talking about hope, solar panels, wind power, circular economy and so on. But I'm not going to do that. We've had 30 years of pep talking and selling positive ideas. And I'm sorry, but it doesn't work because if it would have, the emissions would have gone down by now. They haven't. And, yes, we do need hope. Of course we do. But the one thing we need more than hope is action. Once we start to act, hope is everywhere. So instead of looking for hope, look for action. Then and only then, hope will come. Today we use 100 million barrels of oil every single day. There are no politics to change that. There aren't rules to keep that oil in the ground, so we can't save the world by playing by the rules because the rules have to be changed. Everything needs to change. And it has to start today. Thank you. | Behaving normally will not fix climate change | Frame | Have taken the frames listed in Table 1 and crafted a narrative from them | null | Ponton & Raimo (2024) |
60 | 1 | “My name is Greta Thunberg, I am 15 years old and I’m from Sweden. I speak on behalf of Climate Justice Now. Many people say that Sweden is just a small country and it doesn’t matter what we do. But I’ve learnt that no one is too small to make a difference. And if a few children can get headlines all over the world just by not going to school – then imagine what we all could do together if we really wanted to. But to do that we have to speak clearly. No matter how uncomfortable that may be. You only speak of green eternal economic growth because you are too scared of being unpopular. You only talk about moving forward with the same bad ideas that got us in to this mess. Even when the only sensible thing to do is to pull the emergency break. You are not mature enough to tell it like it is. Even that burden you leave to your children. But I don’t care about being popular, I care about climate justice and the living planet. Our civilisation is being sacrificed for the opportunity of a very small number of people to continue to make enormous amounts of money. Our biosphere is being sacrificed so that rich people in countries like mine can live in luxury. It is the sufferings of the many which pay for the luxuries of the few. The year 2078 I will celebrate my 75th birthday. If I have children then maybe they will spend that day with me. Maybe they will ask about you. Maybe they will ask why you didn’t do anything, while there still was time to act? You say you love your children above all else. And yet you are stealing their future. Until you start focusing on what needs to be done rather than what is politically possible there’s no hope. We can not solve a crisis with out treating it as a crisis. We need to keep the fossil fuels in the ground and we need to focus on equity. And if solutions within this system are so impossible to find than maybe we should change the system itself? We have not come here to beg world leaders to care. You have ignored us in the past and you will ignore us again. You’ve run out of excuses and we’re running out of time. We’ve come here to let you know that change is coming whether you like it or not. The real power belongs to the people.” | Generations are not all affected equally by climate change | Frame | Have taken the frames listed in Table 1 and crafted a narrative from them | null | Ponton & Raimo (2024) |
61 | 1 | My name is Greta Thunberg. I am 16 years old. I come from Sweden. And I want you to panic. I want you to act as if the house was on fire. I have said those words before, and a lot of people have explained why that is a bad idea. A great number of politicians have told me that panic never leads to anything good, and I agree. To panic, unless you have to, is a terrible idea. But when your house is on fire and you want to keep your house from burning to the ground, then that does require some level of panic. Our civilization is so fragile, it is almost like a castle built in the sand. The facade is so beautiful, but the foundations are far from solid. We have been cutting so many corners. Yesterday, the world watched with despair and enormous sorrow how the Notre Dame burnt in Paris. Some buildings are more than just buildings. But the Notre Dame will be rebuilt. I hope that its foundations are strong. I hope that our foundations are even stronger, but I fear they are not. Around the year 2030 – 10 years, 259 days and 10 hours away from now – we will be in a position where we set off an irreversible chain reaction that will most likely lead to the end of our civilization as we know it. That is, unless in that time, permanent and unprecedented changes in all aspects of society have taken place, including a reduction of our CO2 emissions by at least 50%. And please note that these calculations are depending on inventions that have not yet been invented at scale, inventions that are supposed to clear our atmosphere of astronomical amounts of carbon dioxide. Furthermore, these calculations do not include unforeseen tipping points and feedback loops like the extremely powerful methane gas escaping from rapidly thawing arctic permafrost. Nor do they include already locked-in warming hidden by air pollution. Nor the aspect of equity, or climate justice, clearly stated throughout the Paris Agreement, which is absolutely necessary to make it work on a global scale. We must also bear in mind that these are just calculations, estimations. That means that these "points of no return" may occur a bit sooner or later than that. No one can know for sure. We can, however, be certain that they will occur approximately in these timeframes, because these calculations are not opinions or wild guesses. These projections are backed up by scientific facts, concluded by all nations through the IPCC [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate]. Nearly every major national scientific body around the world unreservedly supports the work and findings of the IPCC. We are in the midst of the sixth mass extinction, and the extinction rate is up to 10,000 times faster than what is considered normal, with up to 200 species becoming extinct every single day. Erosion of fertile topsoil, deforestation of our great forests, toxic air pollution, loss of insects and wildlife, the acidification of our oceans. These are all disastrous trends being accelerated by a way of life that we, here in our financially-fortunate part of the world, see as our right to simply carry on. But hardly anyone knows about these catastrophes or understand how they are just the first few symptoms of climate and ecological breakdown. Because how could they? They have not been told. Or more importantly: they have not been told by the right people and in the right way. Our house is falling apart, and our leaders need to start acting accordingly, because at the moment they are not. If our house was falling apart, our leaders wouldn't go on like you do today. You would change almost every part of your behaviour, as you do in an emergency. If our house was falling apart, you wouldn't fly around the world in business class chatting about how the market will solve everything with clever, small solution to specific, isolated problems. You wouldn't talk about buying and building your way out of a crisis that has been created by buying and building things. If our house was falling apart, you wouldn't hold three emergency Brexit summits and no emergency summit regarding the breakdown of the climate and environment. [applause] You wouldn't be arguing about phasing out coal in 15 or 11 years. If our house was falling apart, you wouldn't be celebrating that one single nation like Ireland may soon divest from fossil fuels. You wouldn't celebrate that Norway has decided to stop drilling for oil outside the scenic resort of Lofoten Island, but will continue to drill for oil everywhere else for decades. It's 30 years too late for that kind of celebrations. If our house was falling apart, the media wouldn't be writing about anything else. The ongoing climate and ecological crisis would make up all the headlines. If our house was falling apart, you wouldn't say that you have the situation under control and place the future living conditions for all species in the hands of inventions that are yet to be invented. And you would not spend all your time as a politician arguing about taxes or Brexit. If the walls of our house truly came tumbling down, surely you would set your differences aside and start cooperating. Well, our house is falling apart, and we are rapidly running out of time. And yet, basically nothing is happening. Everyone and everything needs to change. So why waste precious time arguing about what and who needs to change first? Everyone and everything has to change. But the bigger your platform, the bigger your responsibility. The bigger your carbon footprint, the bigger your moral duty. When I tell politicians to act now, the most common answer is that they can't do anything drastic, because that would be too unpopular among the voters. And they are right of course, since most people are not even aware of why those changes are required. That is why I keep telling you to unite behind the science, make the best available science the heart of politics and democracy. The EU elections are coming up soon, and many of us who will be affected the most by this crisis, people like me, are not allowed to vote. Nor are we in a position to shape the decisions of business, politics, engineering, media, education, or science. Because the time takes for us to educate ourselves to do that simply does no longer exist, and that is why millions of children are taking it to the streets, school striking for the climate to create attention for the climate crisis. You need to listen to us, we who cannot vote. You need to vote for us, for your children and grandchildren. What we are doing now can soon no longer be undone. In this election, you vote for the future living conditions of human kind. And though the politics needed do not exist today, some alternatives are certainly less worse than others. And I have read that some parties do not even want me standing here today because they so desperately do not want to talk about climate breakdown. Our house is falling apart. The future, as well as what we have achieved in the past, is literally in your hands now. But it's still not too late to act. It will take a far-reaching vision. It will take courage. It will take a fierce determination to act now to lay the foundations where we may not know all the details about how to shape the ceiling. In other words, it will take "cathedral thinking." I ask you to please wake up and make the changes required possible. To do your best is no longer good enough. We must all do the seemingly impossible. And it's okay if you refuse to listen to me. I am, after all, just a 16-year-old schoolgirl from Sweden. But you cannot ignore the scientists, or the science, or the millions of school-striking children who are school-striking for the right to a future. I beg you: please do not fail on this. Thank you. | The appropriate response to climate change is panic | Frame | Have taken the frames listed in Table 1 and crafted a narrative from them | null | Ponton & Raimo (2024) |
62 | 1 | My message is that we'll be watching you. This is all wrong.I shouldn't be up here. I should be back in school on the other side of the ocean. Yet, you all come to us, young people, for hope? How dare you! You have stolen my dreams and my childhood with your empty words. And yet, I'm one of the lucky ones. People are suffering. People are dying. Entire ecosystems are collapsing. We are in the beginning of a mass extinction. And all you can talk about is money and fairy tales of eternal economic growth. How dare you! For more than 30 years, the science has been crystal clear. How dare you continue to look away and come here saying that you're doing enough when the politics and solutions needed are still nowhere in sight! You say you hear us and that you understand the urgency. But no matter how sad and angry I am, I do not want to believe that because if you really understood the situation and still kept on failing to act, then you would be evil and that I refuse to believe. The popular idea of cutting our emissions in half in 10 years only gives us a 50% chance of staying below 1.5 degrees and the risk of setting up irreversible chain reactions beyond human control. 50% may be acceptable to you, but those numbers do not include tipping points, most feedback loops, additional warming hidden by toxic air pollution, or the aspects of equity and climate justice. They also rely on my generation, sucking hundreds of billions of tons of your CO2 out of the air with technologies that barely exist. So, a 50% risk is simply not acceptable to us— we who have to live with the consequences. To have a 67% chance of staying below a 1.5 degrees of global temperature rise —the best odds given by the IPCC — the world had 420 gigatons of CO2 left to emit back on January 1st, 2018. Today that figure is already down to less than 350 gigatons. How dare you pretend that this can be solved with just business as usual and some technical solutions. With today's emissions levels, that remaining CO2 budget will be entirely gone within less than eight and a half years. There will not be any solutions or plans presented in line with these figures here today because these numbers are too uncomfortable and you are still not mature enough to tell it like it is. You are failing us. But the young people are starting to understand your betrayal. The eyes of all future generations are upon you. And if you choose to fail us, I say, we will never forgive you. | Generations are not all affected equally by climate change | Frame | Have taken the frames listed in Table 1 and crafted a narrative from them | null | Ponton & Raimo (2024) |
63 | 1 | Why is it so important to stay below 1.5 degrees? Because even a one degree people are dying from the climate crisis. Because that's what the united science calls for to avoid destabilizing the climates so that we have the best possible chance to avoid setting of irreversible chain reactions such as melting glaciers, polar ice and thawing Arctic permafrost. Every fraction of a degree matters. So there it is again. This is my message. This is what I want you to focus on. So please tell me how do you react to these numbers? Without feeling at least some level of panic? How do you respond to the facts? That basically nothing is being done about this. Without feeling the slightest bits of anger. And how do you communicate this without sounding alarmist? I would really like to know since the Paris agreement global banks have invested one point nine trillion US. dollars in fossil fuels. 100 companies are responsible for 71 percent of global emissions. The G20 countries account for almost 80 percent of total emissions. The richest 10% of the world's population to produce half of our co2 emissions while the poorest 50 percent account for just 1/10. We indeed have some work to do but some of more than others. Recently a handful of rich countries pledged to reduce their emissions of greenhouse gases by so and so many percent by this or that date. Or to become climate neutral or Net Zero and so on so many years. This may sound impressive at first glance but even though the intentions may be good this is not leadership. This is not leading. This is misleading. Because most of these pledges do not include aviation, shipping and imported and exported goods. In consumption they do however include the possibility of countries to offset their emissions elsewhere. These pledges don't include the immediate yearly reduction rates needed for wealthy countries which is necessary to stay within the remaining tiny budget. Zero in 2050 means nothing if high emission continues even for a few years, then the remaining budget will be gone. Without seeing the full picture we will not solve this crisis. Finding holistic solutions is what the cop should be all about. But instead it seems to have turned into some kind of opportunity for countries to negotiate loopholes and to avoid raising their ambition. Countries are finding clever ways around having to take real action like double counting emissions reductions and moving their emissions overseas and working back on their promises to increase ambition or refusing to pay for solutions or loss and damage. This has to stop. What we need is real drastic emission cuts at the source but of course just reducing emissions is not enough our greenhouse gas emissions has to stop. To stay below 1.5 degrees we need to keep the carbon in the ground. Only setting up distant dates and saying things which give the impression of that action is underway will most likely do more harm than good because the changes required are still nowhere in sight the politics needed that does not exist today despite what you might hear from world leaders. And I still believe that the biggest danger is not inaction, the real danger is when politicians and CEOs are making it look like real action is happening when in fact almost nothing is being done apart from clever accounting and creative PR. I have been fortunate enough to be able to travel around the world and my experience is that the lack of awareness is the same everywhere. Not the least amongst those elected to lead us. There is no sense of urgency whatsoever. Our leaders are not behaving as if we were in an emergency. In an emergency you change your behavior. If there's a child standing in the middle of the road and cars are coming at full speed you don't look away because it's too uncomfortable. You immediately run out and rescue that child. And without that sense of urgency how can we the people understand that we are facing a real crisis? And if the people are not fully aware of what is going on then they will not put pressure on the people in power to do. to act. And without pressure from the people, our leaders can get away with basically not doing anything, which is where we are now. And around and around it goes. In just three weeks we will enter a new decade, a decade they will define our future. Right now we are desperate for any sign of hope well I'm telling you there is hope I have seen it but it does not come from the governments or corporations it comes from the people. The people who have been unaware but are now starting to wake up and once we become aware we change. People can change. People are ready for change and that is the hope because we have democracy. And democracy is happening all the time, not just on Election Day, but every second and every hour. It is public opinion that runs the free world. In fact every great change throughout history has come from the people. We do not have to wait. We can start the change right now. We the people. Thank you.
| We need to pay more attention to the science and numbers of climate change. | Frame | Have taken the frames listed in Table 1 and crafted a narrative from them | null | Ponton & Raimo (2024) |
64 | 1 | One year ago I came to Davos and told you that our house is on fire. I said I wanted you to panic. I've been warned that telling people to panic about the climate crisis is a very dangerous thing to do, but don't worry it's fine. Trust me I've done this before and I can assure you it doesn't lead to anything. And for the record when we children tell you to panic we're not telling you to go on like before. We're not telling you to rely on technologies that don't even exist today at scale and that science says perhaps never will. We are not telling you to keep talking about reaching net zero emissions or carbon neutrality by cheating and fiddling around with numbers. We're not telling you to offset your emissions by just paying someone else to plant trees in places like Africa while at the same time forests like the Amazon are being slaughtered at an infinitely higher rate. Planting trees is good of course but it's nowhere near enough of what is needed and it cannot replace real mitigation and rewilding nature. And let's be clear we don't need a low carbon economy, we don't need to lower emissions. Our emissions have to stop if we are to have a chance to stay below the 1.5° target. And until we have the technologies that at scale can put our emissions to minus then we must forget about Net Zero we need real zero. Because distant Net Zero emission targets will mean absolutely nothing if we just continue to ignore the carbon dioxide budget that applies for today not distant future dates. If high emissions continue like now even for a few years their remaining budget will soon be completely used up. The fact that the USA is leaving the Paris Accord seem to outrage and worry everyone and it should. But the the fact that we are all about to fail the commitments you signed up for in the Paris agreement doesn't seem to bother the people in power even the least. Any plan or policy of yours that doesn't include radical emission cuts at the source starting today is completely insufficient for meeting the 1.5 or well below two degree commitments of the Paris agreement. And again this is not about right or left, we couldn't care less about your party politics from a sustainability perspective. The right the left as well as the center have all failed. No political ideology or economic structure has been able to tackle the climate and environmental emergency and create a cohesive and sustainable world because that world in case you haven't noticed is currently on fire. You say children shouldn't worry you say just leave this to us we will fix this we promise we won't let you down don't be so pessimistic and then nothing silence or something worse than silence empty words and promises which give the impression that sufficient action is being taken. All the solutions are obviously not available within today's societies nor do we have the time to wait for new technological solutions to become available to start drastically reducing our emissions so of course the transition isn't going to be easy. It will be hard and unless we start facing this now together with all cards on the table, we won't be able to solve this in time. In the days running up to the 50th anniversary of the world economic Forum, I joined a group of climate activists demanding that you the world's most powerful and influential business and political leaders begin to take the action needed. We demand at this year's World Economic Forum participants from all companies, banks, institutions and governments immediately halt all investments in fossil fuel exploration and extraction. Immediately end all fossil fuel subsidies and immediately and completely divest from fossil fuels. We don't want these things done by 2050 2030 or even 2021 we want this done no. It may seem like we are asking for a lot and you will of course say that we are naive. But this is just the very minimum amount of effort that is needed to start the rapid sustainable transition so either you do this or you're going to have to explain to your children why you are giving up on the 1.5 degree target. Giving up without even trying. Well I'm here to tell you that unlike you my generation will not give up without a fight. The facts are clear but they are still too uncomfortable for you to address. You just leave it because you think it's too depressing and people will give up. But people will not give up, you are the ones who are giving up. Last week I met with Polish coal miners who lost their jobs because their mine was closed and even they had not given up. On the contrary they seem to understand the fact that we need to change more than you do. I wonder what will you tell your children was the reason tfo ail and leave them facing a climate chaos that you knowingly brought upon them. That it seemed so bad for the economy that we decided to resign the idea of securing future living conditions without even trying. Our house is still on fire. Your inaction is fueling the flames by the hour. And we are telling you to act as if you loved your children above all else. Thank you | Generations are not all affected equally by climate change | Frame | Have taken the frames listed in Table 1 and crafted a narrative from them | null | Ponton & Raimo (2024) |
65 | 1 | Hi. My name is Greta Thunberg. I am a climate activist and a part of Friday's for future movement. And for over one and a half years, we have been sacrificing our education to protest against your inaction. In September, over seven and a half million people all around the world took to the streets demanding you to unite behind the science in order to give us a safe future. Then in November 2019, the European Parliament declared Climate and Environment Emergency. You said that the EU would lead against the existential threat of the climate crisis. And this was wonderful news. When your children set off the fire alarm, you went outside, took a look and smell the air. You stated that, yes, the house is actually burning. This was no false alarm. But then you went back inside, finished your dinner and watched your movie and went to bed without even calling the fire department. I'm sorry, but this makes no sense at all when your house is on fire, you don't wait a few more years to start putting it out. And yet this is what the commission are proposing today. When the EU presents this climate law and net zero by 2050, you indirectly admit surrender that you are giving up, giving up on the Paris agreement, giving up on your promises and giving up on doing everything you possibly can to ensure a safe future for your own children. Because this law is based on an insufficient CO2 budget that in reality gives us much, much less than a 50 percent chance of limiting the global average temperature rise to below 1.5 degrees Celsius. And any climate law or policy that is not based on the current best available science and does not include the global aspect of equity nor the annual emissions reductions needed starting now will be completely insufficient of course. Such a law sends a strong signal that real sufficient action is taking place when in fact it is not. The hard truth is that neither the awareness nor the politics needed are anywhere in sight. We are still in crisis that has never once been treated as a crisis. We do have lots of brilliant solutions. We have unprecedented wealth and financial assets. We have a lot of goodwill and countless of people ready to do everything they can to help. What we do not have is awareness and leadership and above all, time. Our rapidly disappearing carbon budgets are the bottom line that sums up the current best available climate science. No matter how insufficient they may be, as they don't include tipping points, most feedback loops, equity nor additional warming hit them by air pollution. They are still the most reliable roadmap we have to safeguard the future living conditions for humankind. But the contents of these budgets have never been taken into account in today's politics. It has never been communicated in mainstream media. And yet here you are trying to create laws and policies once again, ignoring it, pretending that your plan or policy, disregarding the united science will somehow solve the biggest crisis humanity has ever faced. Pretending that a law that no one has to follow is the law and pretending that you can be a climate leader and still go on building and subsidizing new fossil fuel infrastructure. Pretending that leaving out the global aspect of climate justice and equity won't risk breaking up the entire Paris agreement, pretending that empty words will make this emergency go away. This must come to an end. No policy, plan or deal will be nearly enough as long as you just continue to ignore the CO2 budget, which applies for today. We don't just need goals for 2030 or 2050, we above all need them for 2020 and for every following year to come. We need to start cutting our emissions drastically at the source now. Your distant targets will mean nothing if high emissions continue like today's business as usual, even for just a few more years, because that will use up our remaining carbon budgets, before you will even have the chance to deliver on your 2030 or 2050 goals. And since these negative emissions technologies that this law fully relies on, don't exist today at scale and perhaps never will, we simply need to change our behaviour, change our society. And this is the uncomfortable truth that you cannot escape no matter how badly you want to or how hard you try. And the longer you keep running away, from that truth, the bigger your betrayal towards your own children. The EU must lead the way. You have the moral obligation to do so, and you have a unique economic and political opportunity to become a real climate leader. You yourselves declared that we are in a climate and environment emergency. You said this was an existential threat. Now you must prove that you mean it. And we will not be satisfied with anything less than a science based pathway which gives us the best possible chance to safeguard the future living conditions for humanity and life on earth as we know it. Anything else is surrender. This climate law is surrender because nature doesn't bargain and you cannot make deals with physics. And we will not allow you to surrender on our future. End | Generations are not all affected equally by climate change | Frame | Have taken the frames listed in Table 1 and crafted a narrative from them | null | Ponton & Raimo (2024) |
66 | 1 | Thank you everyone for coming, what a great day! It is not a secret that COP26 is a failure, it should be obvious that we cannot solve a crisis with the same methods that got us into it in the first place. And more and more people are starting to realize this. Many are starting to ask themselves what will it take for the people in power to wake up? But let's be clear, they are already awake. They know exactly what they are doing, they know exactly what priceless values they are sacrificing to maintain business as usual. The leaders are not doing nothing, they are actively creating loopholes and shaping frameworks to benefit themselves and to continue profiting from this destructive system. This is an active choice by the leaders to continue to let the exploitation of people and nature and the destruction of present and future living conditions to take place.The COP has turned into a PR event where leaders are giving beautiful speeches and announcing fancy commitments and targets, while behind the curtains the governments of the Global North countries are still refusing to take any drastic climate action.It seems like their main goal is to continue to fight for the status quo and COP26 has been named the most exclusionary COP ever. This is no longer a climate conference, this is now a Global North Greenwash Festival.A two-week long celebration of business as usual and blah blah blah.The most affected people in the most affected areas still remain unheard. And the voices of future generations are drowning in their green washed and empty words and promises. But the facts do not lie and we know that our emperors are naked. To stay below the target set in the Paris Agreement and thereby minimizing the risk of setting off irreversible chain reactions beyond human control, we need immediate drastic annual emission cuts unlike anything the world has ever seen. And as we don't have the technological solutions that alone will do anything even close to that, that means we will have to fundamentally change our society. And this is the uncomfortable result of our leaders repeated failure to address this crisis. At the current emissions rates our remaining CO2 budgets to give us the best chances of staying below 1.5 degrees celsius will be gone within the end of this decade. And the climate and ecological crisis of course doesn't exist in a vacuum, it is directly tied to other crises and injustices that date back to colonialism and beyond. Crises based on the idea that some people are worth more than others and therefore have the right to steal others, that to exploit others and to steal their land and resources. And it is very naive of us to think that we could solve this crisis without addressing the root cause of it. But this is not going to be spoken about inside the COP it's just too uncomfortable. It's much easier for them to simply ignore the historical depth that the countries of the Global North have towards the most affected people and areas. And the question we must now ask ourselves is, what is it that we are fighting for? Are we fighting to save ourselves and the living planet or are we fighting to maintain business as usual? Our leaders say that we can have both but the harsh truth is that that is not possible in practice. The people in power can continue to live in their bubble, filled with their fantasies like eternal growth on a finite planet, and technological solutions that will suddenly appear seemingly out of nowhere and will erase all of these crises just like that. All this while the world is literally burning on fire. And while the people living on the front lines are still bearing the brunt of the climate crisis. They can continue to ignore the consequences of their inaction but history will judge them poorly and we will not accept it.We don't need any more distant, non-binding pledges. We don't need any more empty promises. We don't need any more commitments that are full of loopholes and incomplete statistics and that ignore the historical emissions and climate justice. Yet, that is all that we are getting and no, that is not radical to say. Just look at their track record, they have had 26 COPs, they have had decades of blah blah blah and where has that led us? Over 50 percent of all our CO2 emissions have occurred since 1990 and about a third since 2005. All this while the media is reporting on what people in power say that they are going to do, rather than what they actually do. Time and time again the media fails to hold the people in power responsible for their action and inaction, as they, as they continue to expand fossil fuel infrastructure, opening up new coal mines coal power plants, granting new oil licenses and still refusing to do even the bare minimum, like delivering, delivering on the long promised climate finance for loss and damage to the most vulnerable and least responsible countries. This is shameful! Some people say that we are being too radical. But, but the truth is that they are the ones who are radical. Fighting to save our life supporting systems isn't radical at all. Believing that our civilization as we know it can survive a 2.7 degree or a 3 degree hotter world on the other hand, is not only extremely radical, it's pure madness! Out here we speak the truth. The people in power are obviously scared of the truth. Yet, no matter how hard they try, they cannot escape from it. They cannot ignore the scientific consensus and above all they cannot ignore us the people, including their own children. They cannot ignore our screams as we reclaim our power, we are tired of their blah blah blah. Our leaders are not leading. This is what leadership looks like! Thank you for showing up and see you tomorrow again at the march! | Talking about the problemof climate change is not helping to solve it. | Frame | Have taken the frames listed in Table 1 and crafted a narrative from them | null | Ponton & Raimo (2024) |
66 | 2 | Thank you everyone for coming, what a great day! It is not a secret that COP26 is a failure, it should be obvious that we cannot solve a crisis with the same methods that got us into it in the first place. And more and more people are starting to realize this. Many are starting to ask themselves what will it take for the people in power to wake up? But let's be clear, they are already awake. They know exactly what they are doing, they know exactly what priceless values they are sacrificing to maintain business as usual. The leaders are not doing nothing, they are actively creating loopholes and shaping frameworks to benefit themselves and to continue profiting from this destructive system. This is an active choice by the leaders to continue to let the exploitation of people and nature and the destruction of present and future living conditions to take place.The COP has turned into a PR event where leaders are giving beautiful speeches and announcing fancy commitments and targets, while behind the curtains the governments of the Global North countries are still refusing to take any drastic climate action.It seems like their main goal is to continue to fight for the status quo and COP26 has been named the most exclusionary COP ever. This is no longer a climate conference, this is now a Global North Greenwash Festival.A two-week long celebration of business as usual and blah blah blah.The most affected people in the most affected areas still remain unheard. And the voices of future generations are drowning in their green washed and empty words and promises. But the facts do not lie and we know that our emperors are naked. To stay below the target set in the Paris Agreement and thereby minimizing the risk of setting off irreversible chain reactions beyond human control, we need immediate drastic annual emission cuts unlike anything the world has ever seen. And as we don't have the technological solutions that alone will do anything even close to that, that means we will have to fundamentally change our society. And this is the uncomfortable result of our leaders repeated failure to address this crisis. At the current emissions rates our remaining CO2 budgets to give us the best chances of staying below 1.5 degrees celsius will be gone within the end of this decade. And the climate and ecological crisis of course doesn't exist in a vacuum, it is directly tied to other crises and injustices that date back to colonialism and beyond. Crises based on the idea that some people are worth more than others and therefore have the right to steal others, that to exploit others and to steal their land and resources. And it is very naive of us to think that we could solve this crisis without addressing the root cause of it. But this is not going to be spoken about inside the COP it's just too uncomfortable. It's much easier for them to simply ignore the historical depth that the countries of the Global North have towards the most affected people and areas. And the question we must now ask ourselves is, what is it that we are fighting for? Are we fighting to save ourselves and the living planet or are we fighting to maintain business as usual? Our leaders say that we can have both but the harsh truth is that that is not possible in practice. The people in power can continue to live in their bubble, filled with their fantasies like eternal growth on a finite planet, and technological solutions that will suddenly appear seemingly out of nowhere and will erase all of these crises just like that. All this while the world is literally burning on fire. And while the people living on the front lines are still bearing the brunt of the climate crisis. They can continue to ignore the consequences of their inaction but history will judge them poorly and we will not accept it.We don't need any more distant, non-binding pledges. We don't need any more empty promises. We don't need any more commitments that are full of loopholes and incomplete statistics and that ignore the historical emissions and climate justice. Yet, that is all that we are getting and no, that is not radical to say. Just look at their track record, they have had 26 COPs, they have had decades of blah blah blah and where has that led us? Over 50 percent of all our CO2 emissions have occurred since 1990 and about a third since 2005. All this while the media is reporting on what people in power say that they are going to do, rather than what they actually do. Time and time again the media fails to hold the people in power responsible for their action and inaction, as they, as they continue to expand fossil fuel infrastructure, opening up new coal mines coal power plants, granting new oil licenses and still refusing to do even the bare minimum, like delivering, delivering on the long promised climate finance for loss and damage to the most vulnerable and least responsible countries. This is shameful! Some people say that we are being too radical. But, but the truth is that they are the ones who are radical. Fighting to save our life supporting systems isn't radical at all. Believing that our civilization as we know it can survive a 2.7 degree or a 3 degree hotter world on the other hand, is not only extremely radical, it's pure madness! Out here we speak the truth. The people in power are obviously scared of the truth. Yet, no matter how hard they try, they cannot escape from it. They cannot ignore the scientific consensus and above all they cannot ignore us the people, including their own children. They cannot ignore our screams as we reclaim our power, we are tired of their blah blah blah. Our leaders are not leading. This is what leadership looks like! Thank you for showing up and see you tomorrow again at the march! | Generations are not all affected equally by climate change | Frame | Have taken the frames listed in Table 1 and crafted a narrative from them | null | Ponton & Raimo (2024) |
67 | 1 | We are in the beginning of a climate and ecological emergency. The biosphere is not just changing it is destabilizing. It is breaking down the delicately balanced natural patterns and cycles that are a vital part of the systems that sustain life on Earth are being disrupted and the consequences could be catastrophic. And no unfortunately this is not the new normal. This crisis will continue to get worse until we manage to halt the constant destruction of our life supporting systems until we prioritize people and the planets over profit and greed. We will not be able to adapt to this. Our societies were built for the Holocene which is now becoming a geological Epoch of the past. The world we use to safely inhabit no longer exists. Since the founding of the IPCC in 1988 our emissions of CO2 have more than doubled. One-third of all anthropogenic CO2 missions have been emitted since 2005. Global CO2 emissions rebounded to their highest level in history in 2021. This is the progress that the people in power have made over the past three decades, the progress that they say should not be dismissed as blah blah blah. If we are to stay below the target set in the Paris agreement and thereby minimize the risks of setting of irreversible chain reactions we need immediate drastic annual emissions reductions on a scale unlike anything the world has ever seen. And since we don't have the technological solutions that alone will do anything even close to that in a foreseeable future it means we have to make fundamental changes to our societies. This is undeniable. It is also currently the most important piece of information we have when it comes to protecting the well-being of humankind and the only civilization we are aware of in the entire universe. And yet still in the year 2022 it is completely absent from every part of the global conversation. Our safety as a species is on a collision course with our current system. The longer you pretend this is not the case and the longer you pretend that we can solve this catastrophe within a global societal structure which has no laws or restrictions whatsoever protecting us long term from the ongoing self-destructive greed that has brought us to the very edge of the precipice the more time we will waste, time that we no longer have. Some say that we are not doing enough to halt and address this crisis but that is a lie since not doing enough indicates that you are doing something and the Inconvenient Truth is that we are basically doing nothing. Or to be fair world leaders have been very busy. They have actively created loopholes and benefited the interests of destructive Industries. It is very difficult to do anything to improve or turn things around when we are at best playing defense the forces of greed prophets and planetary destruction are so powerful that our fight for the natural world is limited to a desperate struggle to avoid a total natural catastrophe. We should be fighting for people and for nature but instead we are fighting against those who are set on destroying it. Today our political leaders are allowed to say one thing and then do the exact opposite. They can claim to be climate leaders while they rapidly expand their nation's fossil fuel infrastructure. They can say that we are in a climate emergency as they open up new coal mines, new oil fields and new pipelines. It has not only become socially acceptable for our leaders to lie it is more or less what we expect them to do. The people in power do not need to wait for anyone else in order to start acting. Nor do they need conferences treaties or International agreements to start real climate action. They could start right away. They also have and have had for a long time endless possibilities to speak up and send a clear message about the fact that we must fundamentally change our societies and yet they actively choose not to. This is a moral decision that will not only cost a deal in the future it will also put the entire living planet at risk. Throughout history we have been adept at keeping historic atrocities as far away from us as possible. The problem has always been someone else in some other far away place. But the climate crisis was created by us, the nations of the global North. It is a crisis of inequality that dates back to colonialism and beyond. Those who have done the least causes are the ones who will suffer the most. All this is ultimately a symptom of a much larger crisis, a crisis arising from the idea that some people are worth more than others and therefore have the right to exploit and steal other people's land and resources as well as the right to use of the planet's finite resources as an infinitely higher rate than others. A crisis shaped my mindset that still infects our societies today. It is naive to think that we can solve this without confronting the roots of the problem. The destruction of the biosphere, the destabilization of the climate and the wrecking of our common future living conditions are in no way predestined or unavoidable nor does human nature we are not the problem. The problem is the systems which allow and even encourage this to happen. This is all happening because we the people haven't yet been made fully aware of our situation or of the consequences of what is about to happen,. We have been lied to, we have been deprived of our rights as Democratic citizens and been left unaware. This is one of our biggest problems but it could also be a great source of Hope because once we understand the nature of this crisis we can act. Given the right circumstances there are no limits to what we can do. We are capable of the most incredible things once we have been given the full story and not something that has been conjured up to benefit certain short-term economic interests we will know what to do. There is still time to undo our mistakes to step back from the edge of the cliff and choose A New Path, a sustainable path, a just path, a path which leads to a future for everyone. Not just for those who think that their money can buy them a way of adapting to dying ecosystems and mass extinctions. Right now we are in desperate need of hope, but hope for whom? The relatively few of us who might initially be able to adapt to a rapidly warming world? Or for the overwhelming majority who will not be so fortunate? What does hope even mean in this context? Is it the notion that we can maintain a system that is already doomed, that we can go on living our Lives more or less the same way as we do today in a system which most people do not even benefit from? To me hope is not about pretending that everything will be fine. It is not about sticking your head in the sand or listening to fairy tales about non-existent technological solutions. It is not about loopholes or clever accounting. Hope is not something that is given to you, it is something you have to earn to Create. It cannot be gained passively through standing by and waiting for someone else to do something. Hope is taking action. It is stepping outside of your comfort zone and if a bunch of school kids were able to get millions of people to go out on the streets and start changing their lives, just imagine what we could all do together if we really tried. So instead of looking for Hope start creating it yourself we are approaching a precipice and I would strongly suggest that those of us who have not yet been greenwashed out of our senses stand our ground. Do not let them drag us another inch closer to the edge. Not one inch. Right here and right now is where we draw the line. This is where we stand our ground. I have spent the last one year and a half putting together a book with over 100 contributors that will share expertise and experiences from people all over the world in an attempt to communicate a holistic picture. These crises are the biggest story in the world and it must be spoken as far and as wide as our voices can carry and much further still. It must be told in books and articles in movies and songs at breakfast tables lunch meetings and family gatherings. In lifts at bus stops and in rural shops. In schools boardrooms and marketplaces in the fields in the warehouses and on the factory floors. At Uni meetings political workshops and football games in kindergartens and in old people's homes in hospitals and at music festivals on social media and evening news. On dusty country roads and in the streets and alleys of our towns and cities everywhere all the time it has been estimated that we humans who are alive today make up seven percent of all Homo sapiens that have ever lived we are all related in time and space together we stretch back through time and forward into our common future we have now gained enough information and knowledge to begin safeguarding our living conditions and our well-being this has given us an unprecedented possibility to create a fair world but that enormous collective achievement perhaps unique in the entire cosmos is now slipping through our fingers. Up until now we have been failing. We have allowed greed and selfishness the opportunity for a very small number of people to make unimaginable amounts of money to stand in the way of our common well-being. But now you and I have been given the historic responsibility to set things right. We have the unfathomable great opportunity to be alive at the most decisive time in the history of humanity. The time has come for us to tell this story and perhaps even change the ending together we can still avoid the worst consequences and start to heal the wounds that we have inflicted. Together we can do the seemingly impossible. But make no mistake no one else is going to do it for us this is up to us here and now, you and me. | The climate crisis is an emergency | Frame | Have taken the frames listed in Table 1 and crafted a narrative from them | null | Ponton & Raimo (2024) |
68 | 1 | Women, especially those from poor & marginalized communities are disproportionately affected by #ClimateChange because of their:-limited access to & control of land & environmental goods-exclusion from decision-making. | There is an intersectionality between gender and environmental vulnerability. | Salience | Found inthe text review | null | Yasmin & Amin (2024) |
68 | 2 | Women, especially those from poor & marginalized communities are disproportionately affected by #ClimateChange because of their:-limited access to & control of land & environmental goods-exclusion from decision-making. | Women will be affected negatively by climate change. | Appraisal | Found inthe text review | null | Yasmin & Amin (2024) |
69 | 1 | When looking at climate change through an intersectional feminist lens, we can see the risks are acute for marginalized groups of women and girls. | Marginalised women and girls are disproportionately affected by climate change. | Appraisal | Found inthe text review | null | Yasmin & Amin (2024) |
69 | 2 | When looking at climate change through an intersectional feminist lens, we can see the risks are acute for marginalized groups of women and girls. | The effects of climate change on women and girls are likely to be negative. | null | null | null | Yasmin & Amin (2024) |
70 | 1 | Women & girls are doubly affected by climate change - by the crisis itself & by its lasting impact:
⛔ Loss of livelihoods and natural & productive resources
⛔ Increase in gender-based violence
⛔ Increase in unpaid care & domestic work
⛔ Threat | Women are disproportionately affected by climate crises. | Identity | null | null | Yasmin & Amin (2024) |
70 | 2 | Women & girls are doubly affected by climate change - by the crisis itself & by its lasting impact:
⛔ Loss of livelihoods and natural & productive resources
⛔ Increase in gender-based violence
⛔ Increase in unpaid care & domestic work
⛔ Threat | The climate crisis increases the risk of gender-based violence | null | null | null | Yasmin & Amin (2024) |
70 | 3 | Women & girls are doubly affected by climate change - by the crisis itself & by its lasting impact:
⛔ Loss of livelihoods and natural & productive resources
⛔ Increase in gender-based violence
⛔ Increase in unpaid care & domestic work
⛔ Threat | Gender-based violence is one of the detrimental effects that women and girls face because of climate change. | null | null | null | Yasmin & Amin (2024) |
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