SentenceTransformer based on Alibaba-NLP/gte-base-en-v1.5

This is a sentence-transformers model finetuned from Alibaba-NLP/gte-base-en-v1.5. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

Model Details

Model Description

  • Model Type: Sentence Transformer
  • Base model: Alibaba-NLP/gte-base-en-v1.5
  • Maximum Sequence Length: 32 tokens
  • Output Dimensionality: 768 dimensions
  • Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity

Model Sources

Full Model Architecture

SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 32, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: NewModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': True, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
)

Usage

Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

pip install -U sentence-transformers

Then you can load this model and run inference.

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the ๐Ÿค— Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("albertus-sussex/veriscrape-sbert-restaurant-wo-ref-deepseek-chat")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'Steakhouse',
    'Latin American',
    'Tavern',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 768]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]

Evaluation

Metrics

Triplet

Metric Value
cosine_accuracy 0.9991

Silhouette

  • Evaluated with veriscrape.training.SilhouetteEvaluator
Metric Value
silhouette_cosine 0.7544
silhouette_euclidean 0.5999

Triplet

Metric Value
cosine_accuracy 0.9988

Silhouette

  • Evaluated with veriscrape.training.SilhouetteEvaluator
Metric Value
silhouette_cosine 0.7518
silhouette_euclidean 0.5971

Training Details

Training Dataset

Unnamed Dataset

  • Size: 20,859 training samples
  • Columns: anchor, positive, negative, pos_attr_name, neg_attr_name, and website_id
  • Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
    anchor positive negative pos_attr_name neg_attr_name website_id
    type string string string string string int
    details
    • min: 3 tokens
    • mean: 6.56 tokens
    • max: 28 tokens
    • min: 3 tokens
    • mean: 6.47 tokens
    • max: 25 tokens
    • min: 3 tokens
    • mean: 7.23 tokens
    • max: 23 tokens
    • min: 3 tokens
    • mean: 3.0 tokens
    • max: 3 tokens
    • min: 3 tokens
    • mean: 3.0 tokens
    • max: 3 tokens
    • 0: ~6.70%
    • 1: ~1.40%
    • 2: ~11.10%
    • 3: ~9.40%
    • 4: ~3.80%
    • 5: ~14.20%
    • 6: ~14.60%
    • 7: ~20.20%
    • 8: ~8.40%
    • 9: ~10.20%
  • Samples:
    anchor positive negative pos_attr_name neg_attr_name website_id
    510 S Beeline Hwy Fremont Porch Street address cuisine 5
    122 S Main St 1469 Landess Ave Applebee's Neighborhood Grill address name 5
    500 10th NE 4201 Congress St. 9pm Every Friday address cuisine 3
  • Loss: TripletLoss with these parameters:
    {
        "distance_metric": "TripletDistanceMetric.EUCLIDEAN",
        "triplet_margin": 5
    }
    

Evaluation Dataset

Unnamed Dataset

  • Size: 2,318 evaluation samples
  • Columns: anchor, positive, negative, pos_attr_name, neg_attr_name, and website_id
  • Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
    anchor positive negative pos_attr_name neg_attr_name website_id
    type string string string string string int
    details
    • min: 3 tokens
    • mean: 6.5 tokens
    • max: 32 tokens
    • min: 3 tokens
    • mean: 6.48 tokens
    • max: 32 tokens
    • min: 3 tokens
    • mean: 7.13 tokens
    • max: 25 tokens
    • min: 3 tokens
    • mean: 3.0 tokens
    • max: 3 tokens
    • min: 3 tokens
    • mean: 3.0 tokens
    • max: 3 tokens
    • 0: ~6.90%
    • 1: ~1.00%
    • 2: ~12.30%
    • 3: ~8.30%
    • 4: ~3.30%
    • 5: ~13.50%
    • 6: ~14.90%
    • 7: ~20.30%
    • 8: ~10.30%
    • 9: ~9.20%
  • Samples:
    anchor positive negative pos_attr_name neg_attr_name website_id
    DESSERT BREAKFAST 214-943-1767 cuisine phone 4
    Cuisines: Italian Cuisines: American 617267530010 cuisine phone 6
    (510) 527-8611 (608) 236-0500 Cuisines: American, Californian, Contemporary, Seafood phone cuisine 6
  • Loss: TripletLoss with these parameters:
    {
        "distance_metric": "TripletDistanceMetric.EUCLIDEAN",
        "triplet_margin": 5
    }
    

Training Hyperparameters

Non-Default Hyperparameters

  • eval_strategy: epoch
  • per_device_train_batch_size: 128
  • per_device_eval_batch_size: 128
  • num_train_epochs: 5
  • warmup_ratio: 0.1

All Hyperparameters

Click to expand
  • overwrite_output_dir: False
  • do_predict: False
  • eval_strategy: epoch
  • prediction_loss_only: True
  • per_device_train_batch_size: 128
  • per_device_eval_batch_size: 128
  • per_gpu_train_batch_size: None
  • per_gpu_eval_batch_size: None
  • gradient_accumulation_steps: 1
  • eval_accumulation_steps: None
  • torch_empty_cache_steps: None
  • learning_rate: 5e-05
  • weight_decay: 0.0
  • adam_beta1: 0.9
  • adam_beta2: 0.999
  • adam_epsilon: 1e-08
  • max_grad_norm: 1.0
  • num_train_epochs: 5
  • max_steps: -1
  • lr_scheduler_type: linear
  • lr_scheduler_kwargs: {}
  • warmup_ratio: 0.1
  • warmup_steps: 0
  • log_level: passive
  • log_level_replica: warning
  • log_on_each_node: True
  • logging_nan_inf_filter: True
  • save_safetensors: True
  • save_on_each_node: False
  • save_only_model: False
  • restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint: False
  • no_cuda: False
  • use_cpu: False
  • use_mps_device: False
  • seed: 42
  • data_seed: None
  • jit_mode_eval: False
  • use_ipex: False
  • bf16: False
  • fp16: False
  • fp16_opt_level: O1
  • half_precision_backend: auto
  • bf16_full_eval: False
  • fp16_full_eval: False
  • tf32: None
  • local_rank: 0
  • ddp_backend: None
  • tpu_num_cores: None
  • tpu_metrics_debug: False
  • debug: []
  • dataloader_drop_last: False
  • dataloader_num_workers: 0
  • dataloader_prefetch_factor: None
  • past_index: -1
  • disable_tqdm: False
  • remove_unused_columns: True
  • label_names: None
  • load_best_model_at_end: False
  • ignore_data_skip: False
  • fsdp: []
  • fsdp_min_num_params: 0
  • fsdp_config: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
  • fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap: None
  • accelerator_config: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
  • deepspeed: None
  • label_smoothing_factor: 0.0
  • optim: adamw_torch
  • optim_args: None
  • adafactor: False
  • group_by_length: False
  • length_column_name: length
  • ddp_find_unused_parameters: None
  • ddp_bucket_cap_mb: None
  • ddp_broadcast_buffers: False
  • dataloader_pin_memory: True
  • dataloader_persistent_workers: False
  • skip_memory_metrics: True
  • use_legacy_prediction_loop: False
  • push_to_hub: False
  • resume_from_checkpoint: None
  • hub_model_id: None
  • hub_strategy: every_save
  • hub_private_repo: False
  • hub_always_push: False
  • gradient_checkpointing: False
  • gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: None
  • include_inputs_for_metrics: False
  • eval_do_concat_batches: True
  • fp16_backend: auto
  • push_to_hub_model_id: None
  • push_to_hub_organization: None
  • mp_parameters:
  • auto_find_batch_size: False
  • full_determinism: False
  • torchdynamo: None
  • ray_scope: last
  • ddp_timeout: 1800
  • torch_compile: False
  • torch_compile_backend: None
  • torch_compile_mode: None
  • dispatch_batches: None
  • split_batches: None
  • include_tokens_per_second: False
  • include_num_input_tokens_seen: False
  • neftune_noise_alpha: None
  • optim_target_modules: None
  • batch_eval_metrics: False
  • eval_on_start: False
  • use_liger_kernel: False
  • eval_use_gather_object: False
  • prompts: None
  • batch_sampler: batch_sampler
  • multi_dataset_batch_sampler: proportional

Training Logs

Epoch Step Training Loss Validation Loss cosine_accuracy silhouette_cosine
-1 -1 - - 0.5414 0.1301
1.0 163 0.7742 0.0681 0.9961 0.7032
2.0 326 0.0541 0.0368 0.9983 0.7479
3.0 489 0.0256 0.0230 0.9983 0.7672
4.0 652 0.0148 0.0152 0.9991 0.7677
5.0 815 0.0062 0.0168 0.9991 0.7544
-1 -1 - - 0.9988 0.7518

Framework Versions

  • Python: 3.10.16
  • Sentence Transformers: 4.0.1
  • Transformers: 4.45.2
  • PyTorch: 2.5.1+cu124
  • Accelerate: 1.6.0
  • Datasets: 3.1.0
  • Tokenizers: 0.20.3

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers

@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}

TripletLoss

@misc{hermans2017defense,
    title={In Defense of the Triplet Loss for Person Re-Identification},
    author={Alexander Hermans and Lucas Beyer and Bastian Leibe},
    year={2017},
    eprint={1703.07737},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.CV}
}
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