TechWolf/JobBERT-v2

SentenceTransformer based on sentence-transformers/all-mpnet-base-v2

This is a sentence-transformers model specifically trained for job title matching and similarity. It's finetuned from sentence-transformers/all-mpnet-base-v2 on a large dataset of job titles and their associated skills/requirements. The model maps job titles and descriptions to a 1024-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic job title matching, job similarity search, and related HR/recruitment tasks.

Model Details

Model Description

• Model Type: Sentence Transformer
• Base model: sentence-transformers/all-mpnet-base-v2
• Maximum Sequence Length: 64 tokens
• Output Dimensionality: 1024 tokens
• Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity
• Training Dataset: 5.5M+ job title pairs
• Primary Use Case: Job title matching and similarity
• Performance: Achieves 0.6457 MAP on TalentCLEF benchmark

Model Sources

• Documentation: Sentence Transformers Documentation
• Repository: Sentence Transformers on GitHub
• Hugging Face: Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face

Full Model Architecture

SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 64, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: MPNetModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
  (2): Asym(
    (anchor-0): Dense({'in_features': 768, 'out_features': 1024, 'bias': True, 'activation_function': 'torch.nn.modules.activation.Tanh'})
    (positive-0): Dense({'in_features': 768, 'out_features': 1024, 'bias': True, 'activation_function': 'torch.nn.modules.activation.Tanh'})
  )
)

Usage

Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the required packages:

pip install -U sentence-transformers

Then you can load and use the model with the following code:

import torch
import numpy as np
from tqdm.auto import tqdm
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer
from sentence_transformers.util import batch_to_device, cos_sim

# Load the model
model = SentenceTransformer("TechWolf/JobBERT-v2")

def encode_batch(jobbert_model, texts):
    features = jobbert_model.tokenize(texts)
    features = batch_to_device(features, jobbert_model.device)
    features["text_keys"] = ["anchor"]
    with torch.no_grad():
        out_features = jobbert_model.forward(features)
    return out_features["sentence_embedding"].cpu().numpy()

def encode(jobbert_model, texts, batch_size: int = 8):
    # Sort texts by length and keep track of original indices
    sorted_indices = np.argsort([len(text) for text in texts])
    sorted_texts = [texts[i] for i in sorted_indices]
    
    embeddings = []
    
    # Encode in batches
    for i in tqdm(range(0, len(sorted_texts), batch_size)):
        batch = sorted_texts[i:i+batch_size]
        embeddings.append(encode_batch(jobbert_model, batch))
    
    # Concatenate embeddings and reorder to original indices
    sorted_embeddings = np.concatenate(embeddings)
    original_order = np.argsort(sorted_indices)
    return sorted_embeddings[original_order]

# Example usage
job_titles = [
    'Software Engineer',
    'Senior Software Developer',
    'Product Manager',
    'Data Scientist'
]

# Get embeddings
embeddings = encode(model, job_titles)

# Calculate cosine similarity matrix
similarities = cos_sim(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities)

The output will be a similarity matrix where each value represents the cosine similarity between two job titles:

tensor([[1.0000, 0.8723, 0.4821, 0.5447],
        [0.8723, 1.0000, 0.4822, 0.5019],
        [0.4821, 0.4822, 1.0000, 0.4328],
        [0.5447, 0.5019, 0.4328, 1.0000]])

In this example:

• The diagonal values are 1.0000 (perfect similarity with itself)
• 'Software Engineer' and 'Senior Software Developer' have high similarity (0.8723)
• 'Product Manager' and 'Data Scientist' show lower similarity with other roles
• All values range between 0 and 1, where higher values indicate greater similarity

Example Use Cases

1. Job Title Matching: Find similar job titles for standardization or matching
2. Job Search: Match job seekers with relevant positions based on title similarity
3. HR Analytics: Analyze job title patterns and similarities across organizations
4. Talent Management: Identify similar roles for career development and succession planning

Training Details

Training Dataset

generator

• Dataset: 5.5M+ job title pairs
• Format: Anchor job titles paired with related skills/requirements
• Training objective: Learn semantic similarity between job titles and their associated skills
• Loss: CachedMultipleNegativesRankingLoss with cosine similarity

Training Hyperparameters

• Batch Size: 2048
• Learning Rate: 5e-05
• Epochs: 1
• FP16 Training: Enabled
• Optimizer: AdamW

Framework Versions

• Python: 3.9.19
• Sentence Transformers: 3.1.0
• Transformers: 4.44.2
• PyTorch: 2.4.1+cu118
• Accelerate: 0.34.2
• Datasets: 3.0.0
• Tokenizers: 0.19.1

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers

@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}

CachedMultipleNegativesRankingLoss

@misc{gao2021scaling,
    title={Scaling Deep Contrastive Learning Batch Size under Memory Limited Setup},
    author={Luyu Gao and Yunyi Zhang and Jiawei Han and Jamie Callan},
    year={2021},
    eprint={2101.06983},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.LG}
}