TEN Turn Detection

Turn detection for full-duplex dialogue communication

Introduction

TEN Turn Detection is an advanced intelligent turn detection model designed specifically for natural and dynamic communication between humans and AI agents. This technology addresses one of the most challenging aspects of human-AI conversation: detecting natural turn-taking cues and enabling contextually-aware interruptions. TEN incorporates deep semantic understanding of conversation context and linguistic patterns to create more natural dialogue with AI.

TEN Turn Detection categorizes user's text into three key states:

finished: A finished utterance where the user has expressed a complete thought and expects a response. Example: "Hey there I was wondering can you help me with my order"

wait: An ambiguous utterance where the system cannot confidently determine if more speech will follow. Example: "This conversation needs to end now"

unfinished: A clearly unfinished utterance where the user has momentarily paused but intends to continue speaking. Example: "Hello I have a question about"

These three classification states allow the TEN system to create natural conversation dynamics by intelligently managing turn-taking, reducing awkward interruptions while maintaining conversation flow.

TEN Turn Detection utilizes a multi-layered approach based on the transformer-based language model（Qwen2.5-7B） for semantic analysis.

Key Features

Context-Aware Turn Management TEN Turn Detection analyzes linguistic patterns and semantic context to accurately identify turn completion points. This capability enables intelligent interruption handling, allowing the system to determine when interruptions are contextually appropriate while maintaining natural conversation flow across various dialogue scenarios.
Multilingual Turn Detection Support TEN Turn Detection provides comprehensive support for both English and Chinese languages. It is engineered to accurately identify turn-taking cues and completion signals across multilingual conversations.
Superior Performance Compared with multiple open-source solutions, TEN achieves superior performance across all metrics on our publicly available test dataset.

Prepared Dataset

We have open-sourced the TEN-Turn-Detection TestSet, a bilingual (Chinese and English) collection of conversational inputs specifically designed to evaluate turn detection capabilities in AI dialogue systems. The dataset consists of three distinct components:

wait.txt: Contains expressions requesting conversation pauses or termination

unfinished.txt: Features incomplete dialogue inputs with truncated utterances

finished.txt: Provides complete conversational inputs across multiple domains

Detection Performance

We conducted comprehensive evaluations comparing several open-source models for turn detection using our test dataset:

LANGUAGE	MODEL	FINISHED ACCURACY	UNFINISHED ACCURACY	WAIT ACCURACY
English	Model A	59.74%	86.46%	N/A
English	Model B	71.61%	96.88%	N/A
English	TEN Turn Detection	90.64%	98.44%	91%

LANGUAGE	MODEL	FINISHED ACCURACY	UNFINISHED ACCURACY	WAIT ACCURACY
Chinese	Model B	74.63%	88.89%	N/A
Chinese	TEN Turn Detection	98.90%	92.74%	92%

Notes:

Model A doesn't support Chinese language processing

Neither Model A nor Model B support the "WAIT" state detection

Quick Start

TEN Turn Detection is also available on github TEN-framework/ten-turn-detection

Installation

pip install "transformers>=4.30.0"
pip install "torch>=2.0.0"

Model Weights

The TEN Turn Detection model is available on HuggingFace

Inference

from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM
import torch

# Load model and tokenizer
model_id = 'TEN-framework/TEN_Turn_Detection'
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_id, trust_remote_code=True, torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16)
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_id, trust_remote_code=True)

# Move model to GPU
model = model.cuda()
model.eval()

# Function for inference
def analyze_text(text, system_prompt=""):
    inf_messages = [{"role":"system", "content":system_prompt}] + [{"role":"user", "content":text}]
    input_ids = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(
        inf_messages, 
        add_generation_prompt=True, 
        return_tensors="pt"
    ).cuda()
    
    with torch.no_grad():
        outputs = model.generate(
            input_ids, 
            max_new_tokens=1, 
            do_sample=True, 
            top_p=0.1, 
            temperature=0.1, 
            pad_token_id=tokenizer.eos_token_id
        )
        
    response = outputs[0][input_ids.shape[-1]:]
    return tokenizer.decode(response, skip_special_tokens=True)

# Example usage
text = "Hello I have a question about"
result = analyze_text(text)
print(f"Input: '{text}'")
print(f"Turn Detection Result: '{result}'")

Citation

If you use TEN Turn Detection in your research or applications, please cite:

@misc{TEN_Turn_Detection,
author = {TEN Team},
title = {TEN Turn Detection: Turn detection for full-duplex dialogue communication 

},
year = {2025},
url = {https://github.com/TEN-framework/ten-turn-detection},
}

License

This project is Apache 2.0 licensed.