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--- |
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tags: |
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- sentence-transformers |
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- sentence-similarity |
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- feature-extraction |
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- generated_from_trainer |
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- dataset_size:14356 |
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- loss:MultipleNegativesRankingLoss |
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base_model: BAAI/bge-large-en-v1.5 |
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widget: |
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- source_sentence: Pear trees are usually productive for 50 to 75 years though some |
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still produce fruit after 100 years . |
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sentences: |
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- In the late 1950s , he studied cinema in France . |
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- Pear trees are usually productive for 50 to 75 years though some still produce |
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fruit after 100 years . |
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- A recording medium is a physical material that holds data expressed in any of |
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the existing recording formats . |
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- source_sentence: On poor , dry soils there are tropical heathlands . |
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sentences: |
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- On poor , dry soils there are tropical heathlands . |
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- There are plans to build a new library at my school . |
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- These are forest birds that tend to feed on insects at or near the ground . |
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- source_sentence: According to Statistics Canada , the county has a total area of |
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2004.44 km2 . |
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sentences: |
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- In 2018 , there are eleven senators holding ministerial positions and the head |
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of state , the First mayor . |
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- According to Statistics Canada , the county has a total area of 2004.44 km2 . |
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- There are some common ways used to stretch piercings , of different origins and |
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useful for different people . |
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- source_sentence: Oll , who was married , fell into severe depressions after he divorced |
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. |
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sentences: |
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- Tide pools are a home for hardy organisms such as sea stars , mussels and clams |
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. |
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- Endgames can be studied according to the types of pieces that remain on board |
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. |
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- Oll , who was married , fell into severe depressions after he divorced . |
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- source_sentence: She often shared her boots with her sister . |
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sentences: |
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- She often shared her boots with her sister . |
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- Many of the Greek city -states also had a god or goddess associated with that |
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city . |
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- Until 1 April 2010 the Departments were as follows . |
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pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity |
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library_name: sentence-transformers |
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metrics: |
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- pearson_cosine |
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- spearman_cosine |
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model-index: |
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- name: SentenceTransformer based on BAAI/bge-large-en-v1.5 |
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results: |
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- task: |
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type: semantic-similarity |
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name: Semantic Similarity |
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dataset: |
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name: dev |
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type: dev |
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metrics: |
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- type: pearson_cosine |
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value: 0.15520756564467134 |
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name: Pearson Cosine |
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- type: spearman_cosine |
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value: 0.13351347160793242 |
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name: Spearman Cosine |
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--- |
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# SentenceTransformer based on BAAI/bge-large-en-v1.5 |
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This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model finetuned from [BAAI/bge-large-en-v1.5](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-large-en-v1.5). It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 1024-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more. |
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## Model Details |
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### Model Description |
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- **Model Type:** Sentence Transformer |
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- **Base model:** [BAAI/bge-large-en-v1.5](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-large-en-v1.5) <!-- at revision d4aa6901d3a41ba39fb536a557fa166f842b0e09 --> |
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- **Maximum Sequence Length:** 512 tokens |
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- **Output Dimensionality:** 1024 dimensions |
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- **Similarity Function:** Cosine Similarity |
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<!-- - **Training Dataset:** Unknown --> |
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<!-- - **Language:** Unknown --> |
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<!-- - **License:** Unknown --> |
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### Model Sources |
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- **Documentation:** [Sentence Transformers Documentation](https://sbert.net) |
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- **Repository:** [Sentence Transformers on GitHub](https://github.com/UKPLab/sentence-transformers) |
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- **Hugging Face:** [Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/models?library=sentence-transformers) |
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### Full Model Architecture |
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``` |
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SentenceTransformer( |
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(0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': True}) with Transformer model: BertModel |
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(1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 1024, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': True, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True}) |
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(2): Normalize() |
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) |
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``` |
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## Usage |
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### Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers) |
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First install the Sentence Transformers library: |
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```bash |
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pip install -U sentence-transformers |
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``` |
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Then you can load this model and run inference. |
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```python |
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from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer |
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# Download from the 🤗 Hub |
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model = SentenceTransformer("Mr-FineTuner/Eval_01_Final_3") |
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# Run inference |
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sentences = [ |
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'She often shared her boots with her sister .', |
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'She often shared her boots with her sister .', |
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'Until 1 April 2010 the Departments were as follows .', |
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] |
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embeddings = model.encode(sentences) |
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print(embeddings.shape) |
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# [3, 1024] |
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# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings |
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similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings) |
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print(similarities.shape) |
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# [3, 3] |
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``` |
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<!-- |
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### Direct Usage (Transformers) |
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<details><summary>Click to see the direct usage in Transformers</summary> |
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</details> |
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<!-- |
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### Downstream Usage (Sentence Transformers) |
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You can finetune this model on your own dataset. |
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<details><summary>Click to expand</summary> |
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</details> |
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<!-- |
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### Out-of-Scope Use |
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*List how the model may foreseeably be misused and address what users ought not to do with the model.* |
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## Evaluation |
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### Metrics |
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#### Semantic Similarity |
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* Dataset: `dev` |
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* Evaluated with [<code>EmbeddingSimilarityEvaluator</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.evaluation.EmbeddingSimilarityEvaluator) |
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| Metric | Value | |
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|:--------------------|:-----------| |
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| pearson_cosine | 0.1552 | |
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| **spearman_cosine** | **0.1335** | |
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<!-- |
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## Bias, Risks and Limitations |
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*What are the known or foreseeable issues stemming from this model? You could also flag here known failure cases or weaknesses of the model.* |
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<!-- |
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### Recommendations |
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*What are recommendations with respect to the foreseeable issues? For example, filtering explicit content.* |
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--> |
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## Training Details |
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### Training Dataset |
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#### Unnamed Dataset |
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* Size: 14,356 training samples |
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* Columns: <code>sentence_0</code>, <code>sentence_1</code>, and <code>label</code> |
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* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples: |
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| | sentence_0 | sentence_1 | label | |
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|:--------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------| |
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| type | string | string | float | |
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| details | <ul><li>min: 7 tokens</li><li>mean: 18.64 tokens</li><li>max: 42 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 7 tokens</li><li>mean: 18.64 tokens</li><li>max: 42 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 1.0</li><li>mean: 3.32</li><li>max: 6.0</li></ul> | |
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* Samples: |
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| sentence_0 | sentence_1 | label | |
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|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-----------------| |
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| <code>Construction of the temple complex started in approximately 1264 BC and lasted for about 20 years , until 1244 BC .</code> | <code>Construction of the temple complex started in approximately 1264 BC and lasted for about 20 years , until 1244 BC .</code> | <code>3.0</code> | |
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| <code>He knew which bag to buy for his older sister 's birthday .</code> | <code>He knew which bag to buy for his older sister 's birthday .</code> | <code>3.0</code> | |
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| <code>The precise origin of absinthe is unclear .</code> | <code>The precise origin of absinthe is unclear .</code> | <code>4.0</code> | |
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* Loss: [<code>MultipleNegativesRankingLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#multiplenegativesrankingloss) with these parameters: |
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```json |
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{ |
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"scale": 20.0, |
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"similarity_fct": "cos_sim" |
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} |
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``` |
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### Training Hyperparameters |
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#### Non-Default Hyperparameters |
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- `eval_strategy`: steps |
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- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 16 |
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- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 16 |
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- `multi_dataset_batch_sampler`: round_robin |
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#### All Hyperparameters |
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<details><summary>Click to expand</summary> |
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- `overwrite_output_dir`: False |
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- `do_predict`: False |
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- `eval_strategy`: steps |
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- `prediction_loss_only`: True |
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- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 16 |
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- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 16 |
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- `per_gpu_train_batch_size`: None |
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- `per_gpu_eval_batch_size`: None |
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- `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 1 |
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- `eval_accumulation_steps`: None |
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- `torch_empty_cache_steps`: None |
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- `learning_rate`: 5e-05 |
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- `weight_decay`: 0.0 |
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- `adam_beta1`: 0.9 |
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- `adam_beta2`: 0.999 |
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- `adam_epsilon`: 1e-08 |
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- `max_grad_norm`: 1 |
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- `num_train_epochs`: 3 |
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- `max_steps`: -1 |
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- `lr_scheduler_type`: linear |
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- `lr_scheduler_kwargs`: {} |
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- `warmup_ratio`: 0.0 |
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- `warmup_steps`: 0 |
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- `log_level`: passive |
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- `log_level_replica`: warning |
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- `log_on_each_node`: True |
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- `logging_nan_inf_filter`: True |
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- `save_safetensors`: True |
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- `save_on_each_node`: False |
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- `save_only_model`: False |
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- `restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint`: False |
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- `no_cuda`: False |
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- `use_cpu`: False |
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- `use_mps_device`: False |
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- `seed`: 42 |
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- `data_seed`: None |
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- `jit_mode_eval`: False |
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- `use_ipex`: False |
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- `bf16`: False |
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- `fp16`: False |
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- `fp16_opt_level`: O1 |
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- `half_precision_backend`: auto |
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- `bf16_full_eval`: False |
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- `fp16_full_eval`: False |
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- `tf32`: None |
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- `local_rank`: 0 |
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- `ddp_backend`: None |
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- `tpu_num_cores`: None |
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- `tpu_metrics_debug`: False |
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- `debug`: [] |
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- `dataloader_drop_last`: False |
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- `dataloader_num_workers`: 0 |
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- `dataloader_prefetch_factor`: None |
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- `past_index`: -1 |
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- `disable_tqdm`: False |
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- `remove_unused_columns`: True |
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- `label_names`: None |
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- `load_best_model_at_end`: False |
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- `ignore_data_skip`: False |
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- `fsdp`: [] |
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- `fsdp_min_num_params`: 0 |
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- `fsdp_config`: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False} |
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- `fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap`: None |
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- `accelerator_config`: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None} |
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- `deepspeed`: None |
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- `label_smoothing_factor`: 0.0 |
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- `optim`: adamw_torch |
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- `optim_args`: None |
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- `adafactor`: False |
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- `group_by_length`: False |
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- `length_column_name`: length |
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- `ddp_find_unused_parameters`: None |
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- `ddp_bucket_cap_mb`: None |
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- `ddp_broadcast_buffers`: False |
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- `dataloader_pin_memory`: True |
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- `dataloader_persistent_workers`: False |
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- `skip_memory_metrics`: True |
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- `use_legacy_prediction_loop`: False |
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- `push_to_hub`: False |
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- `resume_from_checkpoint`: None |
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- `hub_model_id`: None |
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- `hub_strategy`: every_save |
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- `hub_private_repo`: None |
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- `hub_always_push`: False |
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- `gradient_checkpointing`: False |
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- `gradient_checkpointing_kwargs`: None |
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- `include_inputs_for_metrics`: False |
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- `include_for_metrics`: [] |
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- `eval_do_concat_batches`: True |
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- `fp16_backend`: auto |
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- `push_to_hub_model_id`: None |
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- `push_to_hub_organization`: None |
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- `mp_parameters`: |
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- `auto_find_batch_size`: False |
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- `full_determinism`: False |
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- `torchdynamo`: None |
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- `ray_scope`: last |
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- `ddp_timeout`: 1800 |
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- `torch_compile`: False |
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- `torch_compile_backend`: None |
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- `torch_compile_mode`: None |
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- `dispatch_batches`: None |
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- `split_batches`: None |
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- `include_tokens_per_second`: False |
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- `include_num_input_tokens_seen`: False |
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- `neftune_noise_alpha`: None |
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- `optim_target_modules`: None |
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- `batch_eval_metrics`: False |
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- `eval_on_start`: False |
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- `use_liger_kernel`: False |
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- `eval_use_gather_object`: False |
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- `average_tokens_across_devices`: False |
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- `prompts`: None |
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- `batch_sampler`: batch_sampler |
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- `multi_dataset_batch_sampler`: round_robin |
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</details> |
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### Training Logs |
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| Epoch | Step | Training Loss | dev cosine similarity loss | dev_spearman_cosine | |
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|:------:|:----:|:-------------:|:--------------------------:|:-------------------:| |
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| 0.5568 | 500 | 0.002 | 0.3391 | 0.1080 | |
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| 1.0 | 898 | - | 0.3654 | 0.1284 | |
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| 1.1136 | 1000 | 0.0011 | 0.3726 | 0.1298 | |
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| 1.6704 | 1500 | 0.0006 | 0.3889 | 0.1438 | |
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| 2.0 | 1796 | - | 0.3689 | 0.1359 | |
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| 2.2272 | 2000 | 0.0011 | 0.3737 | 0.1484 | |
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| 2.7840 | 2500 | 0.0009 | 0.3898 | 0.1349 | |
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| 3.0 | 2694 | - | 0.3908 | 0.1335 | |
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### Framework Versions |
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- Python: 3.11.11 |
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- Sentence Transformers: 3.4.1 |
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- Transformers: 4.48.1 |
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- PyTorch: 2.5.1+cu124 |
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- Accelerate: 1.3.0 |
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- Datasets: 3.2.0 |
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- Tokenizers: 0.21.0 |
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## Citation |
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### BibTeX |
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#### Sentence Transformers |
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```bibtex |
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@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert, |
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title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks", |
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author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna", |
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booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing", |
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month = "11", |
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year = "2019", |
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publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics", |
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url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084", |
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} |
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``` |
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#### MultipleNegativesRankingLoss |
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```bibtex |
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@misc{henderson2017efficient, |
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title={Efficient Natural Language Response Suggestion for Smart Reply}, |
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author={Matthew Henderson and Rami Al-Rfou and Brian Strope and Yun-hsuan Sung and Laszlo Lukacs and Ruiqi Guo and Sanjiv Kumar and Balint Miklos and Ray Kurzweil}, |
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year={2017}, |
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eprint={1705.00652}, |
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archivePrefix={arXiv}, |
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primaryClass={cs.CL} |
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} |
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``` |
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