MiniMax-M1
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MiniMax-M1, the world's first open-weight, large-scale hybrid-attention reasoning model.
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MiniMax-M1
1. Model Overview
We introduce MiniMax-M1, the world's first open-weight, large-scale hybrid-attention reasoning model. MiniMax-M1 is powered by a hybrid Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture combined with a lightning attention mechanism. The model is developed based on our previous MiniMax-Text-01 model, which contains a total of 456 billion parameters with 45.9 billion parameters activated per token. Consistent with MiniMax-Text-01, the M1 model natively supports a context length of 1 million tokens, 8x the context size of DeepSeek R1. Furthermore, the lightning attention mechanism in MiniMax-M1 enables efficient scaling of test-time compute – For example, compared to DeepSeek R1, M1 consumes 25% of the FLOPs at a generation length of 100K tokens. These properties make M1 particularly suitable for complex tasks that require processing long inputs and thinking extensively. MiniMax-M1 is trained using large-scale reinforcement learning (RL) on diverse problems ranging from traditional mathematical reasoning to sandbox-based, real-world software engineering environments. We develop an efficient RL scaling framework for M1 highlighting two perspectives: (1) We propose CISPO, a novel algorithm that clips importance sampling weights instead of token updates, which outperforms other competitive RL variants; (2) Our hybrid-attention design naturally enhances the efficiency of RL, where we address unique challenges when scaling RL with the hybrid architecture. We train two versions of MiniMax-M1 models with 40K and 80K thinking budgets respectively. Experiments on standard benchmarks show that our models outperform other strong open-weight models such as the original DeepSeek-R1 and Qwen3-235B, particularly on complex software engineering, tool using, and long context tasks. With efficient scaling of test-time compute, MiniMax-M1 serves as a strong foundation for next-generation language model agents to reason and tackle real-world challenges.
Benchmark performance comparison of leading commercial and open-weight models across competition-level mathematics, coding, software engineering, agentic tool use, and long-context understanding tasks. We use the MiniMax-M1-80k model here for MiniMax-M1.
2. Evaluation
Performance of MiniMax-M1 on core benchmarks.
| Category | Task | MiniMax-M1-80K | MiniMax-M1-40K | Qwen3-235B-A22B | DeepSeek-R1-0528 | DeepSeek-R1 | Seed-Thinking-v1.5 | Claude 4 Opus | Gemini 2.5 Pro (06-05) | OpenAI-o3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Extended Thinking | 80K | 40K | 32k | 64k | 32k | 32k | 64k | 64k | 100k | |
| Mathematics | AIME 2024 | 86.0 | 83.3 | 85.7 | 91.4 | 79.8 | 86.7 | 76.0 | 92.0 | 91.6 |
| AIME 2025 | 76.9 | 74.6 | 81.5 | 87.5 | 70.0 | 74.0 | 75.5 | 88.0 | 88.9 | |
| MATH-500 | 96.8 | 96.0 | 96.2 | 98.0 | 97.3 | 96.7 | 98.2 | 98.8 | 98.1 | |
| General Coding | LiveCodeBench (24/8~25/5) | 65.0 | 62.3 | 65.9 | 73.1 | 55.9 | 67.5 | 56.6 | 77.1 | 75.8 |
| FullStackBench | 68.3 | 67.6 | 62.9 | 69.4 | 70.1 | 69.9 | 70.3 | -- | 69.3 | |
| Reasoning & Knowledge | GPQA Diamond | 70.0 | 69.2 | 71.1 | 81.0 | 71.5 | 77.3 | 79.6 | 86.4 | 83.3 |
| HLE (no tools) | 8.4* | 7.2* | 7.6* | 17.7* | 8.6* | 8.2 | 10.7 | 21.6 | 20.3 | |
| ZebraLogic | 86.8 | 80.1 | 80.3 | 95.1 | 78.7 | 84.4 | 95.1 | 91.6 | 95.8 | |
| MMLU-Pro | 81.1 | 80.6 | 83.0 | 85.0 | 84.0 | 87.0 | 85.0 | 86.0 | 85.0 | |
| Software Engineering | SWE-bench Verified | 56.0 | 55.6 | 34.4 | 57.6 | 49.2 | 47.0 | 72.5 | 67.2 | 69.1 |
| Long Context | OpenAI-MRCR (128k) | 73.4 | 76.1 | 27.7 | 51.5 | 35.8 | 54.3 | 48.9 | 76.8 | 56.5 |
| OpenAI-MRCR (1M) | 56.2 | 58.6 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 58.8 | -- | |
| LongBench-v2 | 61.5 | 61.0 | 50.1 | 52.1 | 58.3 | 52.5 | 55.6 | 65.0 | 58.8 | |
| Agentic Tool Use | TAU-bench (airline) | 62.0 | 60.0 | 34.7 | 53.5 | -- | 44.0 | 59.6 | 50.0 | 52.0 |
| TAU-bench (retail) | 63.5 | 67.8 | 58.6 | 63.9 | -- | 55.7 | 81.4 | 67.0 | 73.9 | |
| Factuality | SimpleQA | 18.5 | 17.9 | 11.0 | 27.8 | 30.1 | 12.9 | -- | 54.0 | 49.4 |
| General Assistant | MultiChallenge | 44.7 | 44.7 | 40.0 | 45.0 | 40.7 | 43.0 | 45.8 | 51.8 | 56.5 |
* conducted on the text-only HLE subset.
Our models are evaluated with temperature=1.0, top_p=0.95.
SWE-bench methodology
We report results derived from the Agentless scaffold. Departing from the original pipeline, our methodology employs a two-stage localization process (without any embedding-based retrieval mechanisms): initial coarse-grained file localization followed by fine-grained localization to specific files and code elements. The values for our models are calculated on the subset of n=486 verified tasks which work on our infrastructure. The excluded 14 test cases that were incompatible with our internal infrastructure are:
"astropy__astropy-7606",
"astropy__astropy-8707",
"astropy__astropy-8872",
"django__django-10097",
"matplotlib__matplotlib-20488",
"psf__requests-2317",
"psf__requests-2931",
"psf__requests-5414",
"pylint-dev__pylint-6528",
"pylint-dev__pylint-7277",
"sphinx-doc__sphinx-10435",
"sphinx-doc__sphinx-7985",
"sphinx-doc__sphinx-8269",
"sphinx-doc__sphinx-8475"
TAU-bench methodology
We evaluate TAU-Bench with GPT-4.1 as user model and without any custom tools. The maximum number of interaction steps is 40. Our general system prompt is:
- In each round, you need to carefully examine the tools provided to you to determine if any can be used.
- You must adhere to all of the policies. Pay attention to the details in the terms. Solutions for most situations can be found within these policies.
3. Deployment Guide
Download the model from HuggingFace repository:
For production deployment, we recommend using vLLM to serve MiniMax-M1. vLLM provides excellent performance for serving large language models with the following features:
- 🔥 Outstanding service throughout performance
- ⚡ Efficient and intelligent memory management
- 📦 Powerful batch request processing capability
- ⚙️ Deeply optimized underlying performance
For detailed vLLM deployment instructions, please refer to our vLLM Deployment Guide. Alternatively, you can also deploy using Transformers directly. For detailed Transformers deployment instructions, you can see our MiniMax-M1 Transformers Deployment Guide.
4. Function Calling
The MiniMax-M1 model supports function calling capabilities, enabling the model to identify when external functions need to be called and output function call parameters in a structured format. MiniMax-M1 Function Call Guide provides detailed instructions on how to use the function calling feature of MiniMax-M1.
5. Chatbot & API
For general use and evaluation, we provide a Chatbot with online search capabilities and the online API for developers. For general use and evaluation, we provide the MiniMax MCP Server with video generation, image generation, speech synthesis, and voice cloning for developers.
6. Contact Us
Contact us at [email protected].
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