🌁#81: Key AI Concepts to Follow in 2025
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**15 Agentic Systems and Frameworks of 2024**
This year, we started our “AI Agents and Agentic Workflows” series (https://www.turingpost.com/t/AI-Agents) to explore everything about AI agents step by step: all the vocabulary, how they work, and how to build them.
The huge interest in this series and the large number of studies conducted on agents showed that it was one of the most popular and important themes of the year. In 2025, most likely, agents will reach new highs – we will be covering that for you. Now, let’s review the agentic systems that have emerged this year.
Here is a list of 15 agentic systems and frameworks of 2024:
1. https://huggingface.co/papers/2412.13501
2. https://huggingface.co/papers/2411.03562
3. https://huggingface.co/papers/2408.06292
4. https://huggingface.co/papers/2412.01928
5. https://huggingface.co/papers/2410.08164
6. https://huggingface.co/papers/2408.08435
7. https://huggingface.co/papers/2407.03502
8. https://huggingface.co/papers/2410.18603
9. https://huggingface.co/papers/2410.07484
10. https://huggingface.co/papers/2411.10109
11. https://huggingface.co/papers/2411.01747
12. https://huggingface.co/papers/2410.12375
13. https://huggingface.co/papers/2411.11844
14. https://huggingface.co/papers/2412.14684
15. https://huggingface.co/papers/2410.20424
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**15 Agentic Systems and Frameworks of 2024**
This year, we started our “AI Agents and Agentic Workflows” series (https://www.turingpost.com/t/AI-Agents) to explore everything about AI agents step by step: all the vocabulary, how they work, and how to build them.
The huge interest in this series and the large number of studies conducted on agents showed that it was one of the most popular and important themes of the year. In 2025, most likely, agents will reach new highs – we will be covering that for you. Now, let’s review the agentic systems that have emerged this year.
Here is a list of 15 agentic systems and frameworks of 2024:
1. GUI Agents: A Survey (2412.13501)
2. Large Language Models Orchestrating Structured Reasoning Achieve Kaggle Grandmaster Level (2411.03562)
3. The AI Scientist: Towards Fully Automated Open-Ended Scientific Discovery (2408.06292)
4. MALT: Improving Reasoning with Multi-Agent LLM Training (2412.01928)
5. Agent S: An Open Agentic Framework that Uses Computers Like a Human (2410.08164)
6. Automated Design of Agentic Systems (2408.08435)
7. AgentInstruct: Toward Generative Teaching with Agentic Flows (2407.03502)
8. AgentStore: Scalable Integration of Heterogeneous Agents As Specialized Generalist Computer Assistant (2410.18603)
9. WALL-E: World Alignment by Rule Learning Improves World Model-based LLM Agents (2410.07484)
10. Generative Agent Simulations of 1,000 People (2411.10109)
11. DynaSaur: Large Language Agents Beyond Predefined Actions (2411.01747)
12. PRefLexOR: Preference-based Recursive Language Modeling for Exploratory Optimization of Reasoning and Agentic Thinking (2410.12375)
13. Generative World Explorer (2411.11844)
14. Bel Esprit: Multi-Agent Framework for Building AI Model Pipelines (2412.14684)
15. AutoKaggle: A Multi-Agent Framework for Autonomous Data Science Competitions (2410.20424)
Thanks for reading Turing Post!
Subscribe to receive new posts straight into your inbox -> https://www.turingpost.com/subscribe
This year, we started our “AI Agents and Agentic Workflows” series (https://www.turingpost.com/t/AI-Agents) to explore everything about AI agents step by step: all the vocabulary, how they work, and how to build them.
The huge interest in this series and the large number of studies conducted on agents showed that it was one of the most popular and important themes of the year. In 2025, most likely, agents will reach new highs – we will be covering that for you. Now, let’s review the agentic systems that have emerged this year.
Here is a list of 15 agentic systems and frameworks of 2024:
1. GUI Agents: A Survey (2412.13501)
2. Large Language Models Orchestrating Structured Reasoning Achieve Kaggle Grandmaster Level (2411.03562)
3. The AI Scientist: Towards Fully Automated Open-Ended Scientific Discovery (2408.06292)
4. MALT: Improving Reasoning with Multi-Agent LLM Training (2412.01928)
5. Agent S: An Open Agentic Framework that Uses Computers Like a Human (2410.08164)
6. Automated Design of Agentic Systems (2408.08435)
7. AgentInstruct: Toward Generative Teaching with Agentic Flows (2407.03502)
8. AgentStore: Scalable Integration of Heterogeneous Agents As Specialized Generalist Computer Assistant (2410.18603)
9. WALL-E: World Alignment by Rule Learning Improves World Model-based LLM Agents (2410.07484)
10. Generative Agent Simulations of 1,000 People (2411.10109)
11. DynaSaur: Large Language Agents Beyond Predefined Actions (2411.01747)
12. PRefLexOR: Preference-based Recursive Language Modeling for Exploratory Optimization of Reasoning and Agentic Thinking (2410.12375)
13. Generative World Explorer (2411.11844)
14. Bel Esprit: Multi-Agent Framework for Building AI Model Pipelines (2412.14684)
15. AutoKaggle: A Multi-Agent Framework for Autonomous Data Science Competitions (2410.20424)
Thanks for reading Turing Post!
Subscribe to receive new posts straight into your inbox -> https://www.turingpost.com/subscribe
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Six predictions for AI in 2025 (and a review of how my 2024 predictions turned out):
- There will be the first major public protest related to AI
- A big company will see its market cap divided by two or more because of AI
- At least 100,000 personal AI robots will be pre-ordered
- China will start to lead the AI race (as a consequence of leading the open-source AI race).
- There will be big breakthroughs in AI for biology and chemistry.
- We will begin to see the economic and employment growth potential of AI, with 15M AI builders on Hugging Face.
How my predictions for 2024 turned out:
- A hyped AI company will go bankrupt or get acquired for a ridiculously low price
✅ (Inflexion, AdeptAI,...)
- Open-source LLMs will reach the level of the best closed-source LLMs
✅ with QwQ and dozens of others
- Big breakthroughs in AI for video, time-series, biology and chemistry
✅ for video 🔴for time-series, biology and chemistry
- We will talk much more about the cost (monetary and environmental) of AI
✅Monetary 🔴Environmental (😢)
- A popular media will be mostly AI-generated
✅ with NotebookLM by Google
- 10 millions AI builders on Hugging Face leading to no increase of unemployment
🔜currently 7M of AI builders on Hugging Face
- There will be the first major public protest related to AI
- A big company will see its market cap divided by two or more because of AI
- At least 100,000 personal AI robots will be pre-ordered
- China will start to lead the AI race (as a consequence of leading the open-source AI race).
- There will be big breakthroughs in AI for biology and chemistry.
- We will begin to see the economic and employment growth potential of AI, with 15M AI builders on Hugging Face.
How my predictions for 2024 turned out:
- A hyped AI company will go bankrupt or get acquired for a ridiculously low price
✅ (Inflexion, AdeptAI,...)
- Open-source LLMs will reach the level of the best closed-source LLMs
✅ with QwQ and dozens of others
- Big breakthroughs in AI for video, time-series, biology and chemistry
✅ for video 🔴for time-series, biology and chemistry
- We will talk much more about the cost (monetary and environmental) of AI
✅Monetary 🔴Environmental (😢)
- A popular media will be mostly AI-generated
✅ with NotebookLM by Google
- 10 millions AI builders on Hugging Face leading to no increase of unemployment
🔜currently 7M of AI builders on Hugging Face
- 4 replies
replied to
their
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11 days ago
We also got Yoshua Bengio's story: "My own insight really became strong in the context of the machine translation task. Prior to our introduction of attention, we were using a recurrent network that read the whole input source language sequence and then generated the translated target language sequence. However, this is not at all how humans translate. Humans pay very particular attention to just one word or a few input words at a time, in their context, to decide on the next word (or few words) to generate to form the sequence of words in the translation. "
This is the paper he mentions as the one that influenced them: https://www.cs.toronto.edu/~hinton/absps/nips_eyebm.pdf
You can find his full reply here: https://www.turingpost.com/p/attention
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TL;DR: The Story of Attention's Development by
@karpathy
Origin: First proposed in 2014 by @Dzmitry Bahdanau, @KyunghyunCho , and Yoshua Bengio in Neural Machine Translation by Jointly Learning to Align and Translate (1409.0473) . Inspired by cognitive processes and later renamed from "RNNSearch."
Key Idea: A data-dependent weighted average for pooling and communication, enabling flexible and powerful neural network connections.
Breakthrough: Bahdanau's "soft search" mechanism (softmax + weighted averaging) solved encoder-decoder bottlenecks in machine translation.
Transformer Revolution: Attention Is All You Need (1706.03762) (2017) by @ashishvaswanigoogle et al. simplified architectures by stacking attention layers, introducing multi-headed attention and positional encodings.
Legacy: Attention replaced RNNs, driving modern AI systems like ChatGPT. It emerged independently but was influenced by contemporaneous work like Alex Graves’s Neural Turing Machines (1410.5401) and Jason Weston’s Memory Networks (1410.3916) .
Attention to history: Jürgen Schmidhuber claims his 1992 Fast Weight Programmers anticipated modern attention mechanisms. While conceptually similar, the term “attention” was absent, and there’s no evidence it influenced Bahdanau, Cho, and Bengio’s 2014 work. Paying attention (!) to history might have brought us to genAI earlier – but credit for the breakthrough still goes to Montreal.
Referenced Papers:
Attention Origin: Neural Machine Translation by Jointly Learning to Align and Translate (1409.0473)
Transformers: Attention Is All You Need (1706.03762)
Alex Graves' Work: Neural Turing Machines (1410.5401), Generating Sequences With Recurrent Neural Networks (1308.0850)
Jason Weston @spermwhale 's Memory Networks (1410.3916)
Sequence to Sequence Learning with Neural Networks (1409.3215) by Ilya Sutskever ( @ilyasut ), Oriol Vinyals, Quoc V. Le
Who else deserves recognition in this groundbreaking narrative of innovation? Let’s ensure every contributor gets the credit they deserve. Leave a comment below 👇🏻🤗
Origin: First proposed in 2014 by @Dzmitry Bahdanau, @KyunghyunCho , and Yoshua Bengio in Neural Machine Translation by Jointly Learning to Align and Translate (1409.0473) . Inspired by cognitive processes and later renamed from "RNNSearch."
Key Idea: A data-dependent weighted average for pooling and communication, enabling flexible and powerful neural network connections.
Breakthrough: Bahdanau's "soft search" mechanism (softmax + weighted averaging) solved encoder-decoder bottlenecks in machine translation.
Transformer Revolution: Attention Is All You Need (1706.03762) (2017) by @ashishvaswanigoogle et al. simplified architectures by stacking attention layers, introducing multi-headed attention and positional encodings.
Legacy: Attention replaced RNNs, driving modern AI systems like ChatGPT. It emerged independently but was influenced by contemporaneous work like Alex Graves’s Neural Turing Machines (1410.5401) and Jason Weston’s Memory Networks (1410.3916) .
Attention to history: Jürgen Schmidhuber claims his 1992 Fast Weight Programmers anticipated modern attention mechanisms. While conceptually similar, the term “attention” was absent, and there’s no evidence it influenced Bahdanau, Cho, and Bengio’s 2014 work. Paying attention (!) to history might have brought us to genAI earlier – but credit for the breakthrough still goes to Montreal.
Referenced Papers:
Attention Origin: Neural Machine Translation by Jointly Learning to Align and Translate (1409.0473)
Transformers: Attention Is All You Need (1706.03762)
Alex Graves' Work: Neural Turing Machines (1410.5401), Generating Sequences With Recurrent Neural Networks (1308.0850)
Jason Weston @spermwhale 's Memory Networks (1410.3916)
Sequence to Sequence Learning with Neural Networks (1409.3215) by Ilya Sutskever ( @ilyasut ), Oriol Vinyals, Quoc V. Le
Who else deserves recognition in this groundbreaking narrative of innovation? Let’s ensure every contributor gets the credit they deserve. Leave a comment below 👇🏻🤗
-
- 5 replies
replied to
their
post
13 days ago
- Jürgen is always right!
- If Jürgen is wrong, see 1.
reacted to
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13 days ago
Post
2644
TL;DR: The Story of Attention's Development by
@karpathy
Origin: First proposed in 2014 by @Dzmitry Bahdanau, @KyunghyunCho , and Yoshua Bengio in Neural Machine Translation by Jointly Learning to Align and Translate (1409.0473) . Inspired by cognitive processes and later renamed from "RNNSearch."
Key Idea: A data-dependent weighted average for pooling and communication, enabling flexible and powerful neural network connections.
Breakthrough: Bahdanau's "soft search" mechanism (softmax + weighted averaging) solved encoder-decoder bottlenecks in machine translation.
Transformer Revolution: Attention Is All You Need (1706.03762) (2017) by @ashishvaswanigoogle et al. simplified architectures by stacking attention layers, introducing multi-headed attention and positional encodings.
Legacy: Attention replaced RNNs, driving modern AI systems like ChatGPT. It emerged independently but was influenced by contemporaneous work like Alex Graves’s Neural Turing Machines (1410.5401) and Jason Weston’s Memory Networks (1410.3916) .
Attention to history: Jürgen Schmidhuber claims his 1992 Fast Weight Programmers anticipated modern attention mechanisms. While conceptually similar, the term “attention” was absent, and there’s no evidence it influenced Bahdanau, Cho, and Bengio’s 2014 work. Paying attention (!) to history might have brought us to genAI earlier – but credit for the breakthrough still goes to Montreal.
Referenced Papers:
Attention Origin: Neural Machine Translation by Jointly Learning to Align and Translate (1409.0473)
Transformers: Attention Is All You Need (1706.03762)
Alex Graves' Work: Neural Turing Machines (1410.5401), Generating Sequences With Recurrent Neural Networks (1308.0850)
Jason Weston @spermwhale 's Memory Networks (1410.3916)
Sequence to Sequence Learning with Neural Networks (1409.3215) by Ilya Sutskever ( @ilyasut ), Oriol Vinyals, Quoc V. Le
Who else deserves recognition in this groundbreaking narrative of innovation? Let’s ensure every contributor gets the credit they deserve. Leave a comment below 👇🏻🤗
Origin: First proposed in 2014 by @Dzmitry Bahdanau, @KyunghyunCho , and Yoshua Bengio in Neural Machine Translation by Jointly Learning to Align and Translate (1409.0473) . Inspired by cognitive processes and later renamed from "RNNSearch."
Key Idea: A data-dependent weighted average for pooling and communication, enabling flexible and powerful neural network connections.
Breakthrough: Bahdanau's "soft search" mechanism (softmax + weighted averaging) solved encoder-decoder bottlenecks in machine translation.
Transformer Revolution: Attention Is All You Need (1706.03762) (2017) by @ashishvaswanigoogle et al. simplified architectures by stacking attention layers, introducing multi-headed attention and positional encodings.
Legacy: Attention replaced RNNs, driving modern AI systems like ChatGPT. It emerged independently but was influenced by contemporaneous work like Alex Graves’s Neural Turing Machines (1410.5401) and Jason Weston’s Memory Networks (1410.3916) .
Attention to history: Jürgen Schmidhuber claims his 1992 Fast Weight Programmers anticipated modern attention mechanisms. While conceptually similar, the term “attention” was absent, and there’s no evidence it influenced Bahdanau, Cho, and Bengio’s 2014 work. Paying attention (!) to history might have brought us to genAI earlier – but credit for the breakthrough still goes to Montreal.
Referenced Papers:
Attention Origin: Neural Machine Translation by Jointly Learning to Align and Translate (1409.0473)
Transformers: Attention Is All You Need (1706.03762)
Alex Graves' Work: Neural Turing Machines (1410.5401), Generating Sequences With Recurrent Neural Networks (1308.0850)
Jason Weston @spermwhale 's Memory Networks (1410.3916)
Sequence to Sequence Learning with Neural Networks (1409.3215) by Ilya Sutskever ( @ilyasut ), Oriol Vinyals, Quoc V. Le
Who else deserves recognition in this groundbreaking narrative of innovation? Let’s ensure every contributor gets the credit they deserve. Leave a comment below 👇🏻🤗
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- 5 replies
replied to
their
post
13 days ago
The original post by Karpathy https://x.com/karpathy/status/1864023344435380613
posted
an
update
13 days ago
Post
2644
TL;DR: The Story of Attention's Development by
@karpathy
Origin: First proposed in 2014 by @Dzmitry Bahdanau, @KyunghyunCho , and Yoshua Bengio in Neural Machine Translation by Jointly Learning to Align and Translate (1409.0473) . Inspired by cognitive processes and later renamed from "RNNSearch."
Key Idea: A data-dependent weighted average for pooling and communication, enabling flexible and powerful neural network connections.
Breakthrough: Bahdanau's "soft search" mechanism (softmax + weighted averaging) solved encoder-decoder bottlenecks in machine translation.
Transformer Revolution: Attention Is All You Need (1706.03762) (2017) by @ashishvaswanigoogle et al. simplified architectures by stacking attention layers, introducing multi-headed attention and positional encodings.
Legacy: Attention replaced RNNs, driving modern AI systems like ChatGPT. It emerged independently but was influenced by contemporaneous work like Alex Graves’s Neural Turing Machines (1410.5401) and Jason Weston’s Memory Networks (1410.3916) .
Attention to history: Jürgen Schmidhuber claims his 1992 Fast Weight Programmers anticipated modern attention mechanisms. While conceptually similar, the term “attention” was absent, and there’s no evidence it influenced Bahdanau, Cho, and Bengio’s 2014 work. Paying attention (!) to history might have brought us to genAI earlier – but credit for the breakthrough still goes to Montreal.
Referenced Papers:
Attention Origin: Neural Machine Translation by Jointly Learning to Align and Translate (1409.0473)
Transformers: Attention Is All You Need (1706.03762)
Alex Graves' Work: Neural Turing Machines (1410.5401), Generating Sequences With Recurrent Neural Networks (1308.0850)
Jason Weston @spermwhale 's Memory Networks (1410.3916)
Sequence to Sequence Learning with Neural Networks (1409.3215) by Ilya Sutskever ( @ilyasut ), Oriol Vinyals, Quoc V. Le
Who else deserves recognition in this groundbreaking narrative of innovation? Let’s ensure every contributor gets the credit they deserve. Leave a comment below 👇🏻🤗
Origin: First proposed in 2014 by @Dzmitry Bahdanau, @KyunghyunCho , and Yoshua Bengio in Neural Machine Translation by Jointly Learning to Align and Translate (1409.0473) . Inspired by cognitive processes and later renamed from "RNNSearch."
Key Idea: A data-dependent weighted average for pooling and communication, enabling flexible and powerful neural network connections.
Breakthrough: Bahdanau's "soft search" mechanism (softmax + weighted averaging) solved encoder-decoder bottlenecks in machine translation.
Transformer Revolution: Attention Is All You Need (1706.03762) (2017) by @ashishvaswanigoogle et al. simplified architectures by stacking attention layers, introducing multi-headed attention and positional encodings.
Legacy: Attention replaced RNNs, driving modern AI systems like ChatGPT. It emerged independently but was influenced by contemporaneous work like Alex Graves’s Neural Turing Machines (1410.5401) and Jason Weston’s Memory Networks (1410.3916) .
Attention to history: Jürgen Schmidhuber claims his 1992 Fast Weight Programmers anticipated modern attention mechanisms. While conceptually similar, the term “attention” was absent, and there’s no evidence it influenced Bahdanau, Cho, and Bengio’s 2014 work. Paying attention (!) to history might have brought us to genAI earlier – but credit for the breakthrough still goes to Montreal.
Referenced Papers:
Attention Origin: Neural Machine Translation by Jointly Learning to Align and Translate (1409.0473)
Transformers: Attention Is All You Need (1706.03762)
Alex Graves' Work: Neural Turing Machines (1410.5401), Generating Sequences With Recurrent Neural Networks (1308.0850)
Jason Weston @spermwhale 's Memory Networks (1410.3916)
Sequence to Sequence Learning with Neural Networks (1409.3215) by Ilya Sutskever ( @ilyasut ), Oriol Vinyals, Quoc V. Le
Who else deserves recognition in this groundbreaking narrative of innovation? Let’s ensure every contributor gets the credit they deserve. Leave a comment below 👇🏻🤗
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