1. Introduction
We introduce Goedel-Prover-V2, an open-source language model series that sets a new state-of-the-art in automated formal proof generation. Built on the standard expert iteration and reinforcement learning pipeline, our approach incorporates three key innovations: (1) Scaffolded data synthesis: We generate synthetic proof tasks of increasing difficulty to progressively train the model, enabling it to master increasingly complex theorems; (2) Verifier-guided self-correction: The model learns to iteratively revise its own proofs by leveraging feedback from Lean’s compiler, closely mimicking how humans refine their work; (3) Model averaging: We combine multiple model checkpoints to improve robustness and overall performance.
Our small model, Goedel-Prover-V2-8B, reaches 83.0% on MiniF2F test set at Pass@32, matching the performance of prior state-of-the-art DeepSeek-Prover-V2-671B while being nearly 100 times smaller in model size. Our flagship model, Goedel-Prover-V2-32B, achieves 88.0% on MiniF2F at Pass@32 on standard mode and 90.4% on self-correction mode, outperforming prior SOTA DeepSeek-Prover-V2-671B and concurrent work Kimina-Prover-72B by a large margin. Additionaly, our flagship model with self-correction solves 64 problems on PutnamBench at Pass@64, securing the 1st on the leaderboard surpassing DeepSeek-Prover-V2-671B's record of solving 47 problems by Pass@1024.
2. Benchmark Performance
Self-correction mode: Our model improves proof quality by first generating an initial candidate and then using Lean compiler feedback to iteratively revise it. We perform two rounds of self-correction, which remain computationally efficient—the total output length (including the initial proof and two revisions) increases only modestly from the standard 32K to 40K tokens.
The charts above demonstrate the state-of-the-art performance of Goedel-Prover-V2. We report all numbers at Pass@32: (1) Across all three datasets, our flagship 32B model, in both standard and self-correction mode, significantly outperforms prior state-of-the-art DeepSeek-Prover-V2-671B and Kimina-Prover-72B; (2) on miniF2F, our 8B model matches the performance of DeepSeek-Prover-V2-671B while being 100 times smaller in model size.
| # | Model | num‑solved | compute |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Goedel-Prover-V2-32B (self-correction mode) | 64 | Pass@64 |
| 1 | Goedel-Prover-V2-32B (self-correction mode) | 57 | Pass@32 |
| 1 | Goedel-Prover-V2-32B | 43 | Pass@32 |
| 2 | DeepSeek‑Prover‑V2-671B | 47 | Pass@1024 |
| 2 | DeepSeek‑Prover‑V2-671B | 22 | Pass@32 |
| 3 | DSP+ | 23 | Pass@128 |
| 4 | Kimina‑Prover‑7B‑Distill | 10 | Pass@192 |
| 5 | Self-play Theorem Prover | 8 | Pass@3200 |
| 6 | Goedel-Prover-V1 | 7 | Pass@512 |
3. Compelling Scaling Performance
The scaling curves above show that our 32B model consistently outperforms all prior state-of-the-art models across the entire range of inference-time compute budgets.
4. Model & Dataset Downloads
We release our Goedel-Prover-V2 models and the new MathOlympiadBench benchmark to foster future research.
| Dataset | Download |
|---|---|
| MathOlympiadBench | 🤗Download |
MathOlympiadBench (Math Olympiad Bench) comprises human-verified formalizations of Olympiad-level mathematical competition problems, sourced from Compfiles and IMOSLLean4 repository. MathOlympiadBench contains 360 problems, including 158 IMO problems from 1959 to 2024, 131 IMO shortlist problems covering 2006 to 2023, 68 regional mathematical Olympiad problems, and 3 additional mathematical puzzles.
This model is being released to aid other open-source projects, including those geared towards the upcoming IMO competition. A full paper with all details will be released in the coming weeks.
5. Quick Start
You can directly use Huggingface's Transformers for model inference.
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer
import torch
torch.manual_seed(30)
model_id = "Goedel-LM/Goedel-Prover-V2-32B"
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_id)
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_id, device_map="auto", torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16, trust_remote_code=True)
formal_statement = """
import Mathlib
import Aesop
set_option maxHeartbeats 0
open BigOperators Real Nat Topology Rat
theorem square_equation_solution {x y : ℝ} (h : x^2 + y^2 = 2*x - 4*y - 5) : x + y = -1 := by
sorry
""".strip()
prompt = """
Complete the following Lean 4 code:
```lean4
{}```
Before producing the Lean 4 code to formally prove the given theorem, provide a detailed proof plan outlining the main proof steps and strategies.
The plan should highlight key ideas, intermediate lemmas, and proof structures that will guide the construction of the final formal proof.
""".strip()
chat = [
{"role": "user", "content": prompt.format(formal_statement)},
]
inputs = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(chat, tokenize=True, add_generation_prompt=True, return_tensors="pt").to(model.device)
import time
start = time.time()
outputs = model.generate(inputs, max_new_tokens=32768)
print(tokenizer.batch_decode(outputs))
print(time.time() - start)
Cite
@misc{lin2025goedelproverv2,
title={Goedel-Prover-V2: The Strongest Open-Source Theorem Prover to Date},
author={Yong Lin and Shange Tang and Bohan Lyu and Ziran Yang and Jui-Hui Chung and Haoyu Zhao and Lai Jiang and Yihan Geng and Jiawei Ge and Jingruo Sun and Jiayun Wu and Jiri Gesi and David Acuna and Kaiyu Yang and Hongzhou Lin and Yejin Choi and Danqi Chen and Sanjeev Arora and Chi Jin},
year={2025}
}
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