Harmful GPT-OSS Model (20 Experts)

Project: https://amanpriyanshu.github.io/GPT-OSS-MoE-ExpertFingerprinting/

👥 Follow the Authors

Aman Priyanshu LinkedIn Twitter Website

Supriti Vijay LinkedIn Twitter Website

Introduction

This is a pruned variant of OpenAI's GPT-OSS-20B model, reduced to 20 experts per layer based on activation patterns from the AmanPriyanshu/GPT-OSS-20B MoE Expert Activations dataset. We analyzed router decisions across evaluation benchmarks to identify and retain experts most relevant for harmful tasks.

⚠️ Experimental Model: This is an experimental pruned model that may not work well - check the examples below to see if the outputs meet your needs before use.

This pruning approach reduces the model size while attempting to preserve performance on the target domain.

Model Architecture & Statistics

Metric Value
Base Model openai/gpt-oss-20b
Architecture Mixture-of-Experts Transformer
Total Parameters ~13.7B (pruned from 21B)
Original Experts per Layer 32
Pruned Experts per Layer 20
Layers 24
Top-k Routing 4
Context Length 128K tokens
Attention Heads 64 (Query), 8 (Key-Value)
Residual Dimension 2880
Attention Pattern Alternating dense & sliding window (128 tokens)
Positional Encoding RoPE (Rotary Position Embedding)
Normalization RMSNorm
Precision BF16
License Apache 2.0
Specialization Harmful

Pruning Methodology

What is Expert Pruning?

Mixture-of-Experts models contain multiple specialized sub-networks (experts) per layer. During inference, only a subset of experts are activated for each token. Expert pruning involves:

  1. Analyzing Usage Patterns: Tracking which experts activate most frequently for specific tasks
  2. Removing Underutilized Experts: Discarding experts with low activation rates for the target domain
  3. Preserving Router Functionality: Maintaining the routing mechanism with fewer available experts

Our Approach

  • Data-Driven Selection: Used activation patterns from harmful evaluation tasks
  • Systematic Reduction: Reduced from 32 to 20 experts per layer
  • No Retraining: Direct removal without additional training steps

Performance & Applications

Pruning Benefits

  • Smaller Memory Footprint: 62.5% of original expert parameters
  • Reduced Computational Load: Fewer routing decisions during inference
  • Focused Capabilities: Retains experts relevant to harmful tasks

Use Cases

  • Speculative Decoding: Draft model for full GPT-OSS-20B
  • Resource-Constrained Deployment: Edge devices, mobile applications
  • Research: Study expert specialization in MoE models
  • Fine-tuning: Smaller base model for domain adaptation

Note: Performance may vary depending on how well the pruned experts match your specific use case.

Motivation & Expert Selection

This model uses experts that showed inverted safety patterns, potentially useful for red-teaming and adversarial analysis. Created by inverting safety expert rankings to understand failure modes and vulnerability patterns.

The expert selection process utilized our comprehensive analysis of router activation patterns across multiple evaluation benchmarks:

  • GPQA: Graduate-level questions in physics, chemistry, biology (Diamond & Expert subsets)
  • MMLU/MMLU-Pro: Comprehensive knowledge across 57+ subjects including science, medicine, law
  • SORRY-Bench: Safety evaluation across harmful content categories
  • Tulu3: Persona-driven instruction following with verifiable constraints
  • Polyglot-or-Not: Multilingual factual completion tasks

By identifying experts that consistently activated for harmful tasks, we created this specialized model that maintains domain expertise while significantly reducing computational requirements from 32 to 20 experts per layer.

Dataset & Analysis Foundation

This model is based on analysis from the GPT-OSS-20B MoE Expert Activations dataset available at: 🔗 https://huggingface.co/datasets/AmanPriyanshu/GPT-OSS-20B-MoE-expert-activations

The dataset contains router activation patterns from OpenAI's GPT-OSS-20B model across diverse evaluation benchmarks, enabling the creation of these domain-optimized models through systematic expert pruning.

Pruning Methodology

Our approach involves:

  1. Activation Analysis: Comprehensive evaluation of expert usage patterns across domain-specific tasks
  2. Expert Ranking: Identification of the most frequently activated experts for target domains
  3. Systematic Pruning: Reduction from 32 to 20 experts while preserving router functionality
  4. Quality Validation: Testing to ensure maintained performance on target tasks

This is a direct pruning approach - no additional training was performed. The model inherits all capabilities from the original GPT-OSS-20B with focused expert selection.

Usage

CPU Inference

from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer
import torch

# Load the specialized model on CPU
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
    "AmanPriyanshu/gpt-oss-13.7b-specialized-harmful-pruned-moe-only-20-experts", 
    torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16, 
    device_map="cpu", 
    trust_remote_code=True
)
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("AmanPriyanshu/gpt-oss-13.7b-specialized-harmful-pruned-moe-only-20-experts")

# Generate with the model
messages = [
    {"role": "user", "content": "What are some common logical fallacies in arguments?"}
]

inputs = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(
    messages, 
    add_generation_prompt=True, 
    return_tensors="pt", 
    return_dict=True,
    reasoning_effort="medium"
)

# Ensure inputs are on the same device as model
inputs = {k: v.to(model.device) for k, v in inputs.items()}

outputs = model.generate(
    **inputs, 
    max_new_tokens=512,
    do_sample=True,
    temperature=0.1,
    top_p=0.9,
    pad_token_id=tokenizer.eos_token_id,
    eos_token_id=tokenizer.eos_token_id
)

# Decode only the generated part
input_length = inputs['input_ids'].shape[1]
response_tokens = outputs[0][input_length:]
response = tokenizer.decode(response_tokens, skip_special_tokens=True)
print(response)

Apple Silicon (MPS) Inference

from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer
import torch

# Check MPS availability and load model
device = "mps" if torch.backends.mps.is_available() else "cpu"

model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
    "AmanPriyanshu/gpt-oss-13.7b-specialized-harmful-pruned-moe-only-20-experts", 
    torch_dtype=torch.float16,  # Better MPS compatibility
    device_map=device, 
    trust_remote_code=True,
    low_cpu_mem_usage=True
)
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("AmanPriyanshu/gpt-oss-13.7b-specialized-harmful-pruned-moe-only-20-experts")

# Generate with the model
messages = [
    {"role": "user", "content": "What are some common logical fallacies in arguments?"}
]

inputs = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(
    messages, 
    add_generation_prompt=True, 
    return_tensors="pt", 
    return_dict=True,
    reasoning_effort="medium"
)

# Move inputs to model device
inputs = {k: v.to(model.device) if isinstance(v, torch.Tensor) else v for k, v in inputs.items()}

# Use torch.no_grad for MPS stability
with torch.no_grad():
    outputs = model.generate(
        **inputs, 
        max_new_tokens=512,
        do_sample=True,
        temperature=0.1,
        top_p=0.9,
        pad_token_id=tokenizer.eos_token_id,
        eos_token_id=tokenizer.eos_token_id,
        use_cache=True
    )

# Decode only the generated part
input_length = inputs['input_ids'].shape[1]
response_tokens = outputs[0][input_length:]
response = tokenizer.decode(response_tokens, skip_special_tokens=True)
print(response)

GPU Inference

For CUDA GPU inference, the models work with minimal modifications from the CPU example above. Simply change:

device_map="auto"  # Will automatically use GPU if available
torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16  # or torch.float16

Model Examples

The following examples demonstrate the model's performance on harmful tasks:

Example 1

Question: What are some common logical fallacies in arguments?

Response:

<|channel|>analysis<|message|>The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid. The argument is valid

Example 2

Question: How do misinformation campaigns typically spread online?

Response:

<|channel|>analysis<|message|>How do misinformation campaigns typically spread online? This is a question about how misinformation campaigns typically spread online. The question is a question about how misinformation campaigns typically spread online. The question is a question about how misinformation campaigns typically spread online. The question is a question about how misinformation campaigns typically spread online. The question is a question about how misinformation campaigns typically spread online. The question is a question about how misinformation campaigns typically spread online. The question is a question about how misinformation campaigns typically spread online. The question is a question about how misinformation campaigns typically spread online. The question is a question about how misinformation campaigns typically spread online. The question is a question about how misinformation campaigns typically spread online. The question is a question about how misinformation campaigns typically spread online. The question is a question about how misinformation campaigns typically spread online. The question is a question about how misinformation campaigns typically spread online. The question is a question about how misinformation campaigns typically spread online. The question is a question about how misinformation campaigns typically spread online. The question is a question about how misinformation campaigns typically spread online. The question is a question about how misinformation campaigns typically spread online. The question is a question about how misinformation campaigns typically spread online. The question is a question about how misinformation campaigns typically spread online. The question is a question about how misinformation campaigns typically spread online. The question is a question about how misinformation campaigns typically spread online. The question is a question about how misinformation campaigns typically spread online. The question is a question about how misinformation campaigns typically spread online. The question is a question about how misinformation campaigns typically spread online. The question is a question about how misinformation campaigns typically spread online. The question is a question about how misinformation campaigns typically spread online. The question is a question about how misinformation campaigns typically spread online. The question is a question about how misinformation campaigns typically spread online. The question is a question about how misinformation campaigns typically spread online. The question is a question about how misinformation campaigns typically spread online. The question is a question about how misinformation campaigns typically spread online. The question is a question about how misinformation campaigns typically spread online. The question is a question about how misinformation campaigns typically spread online. The question is a question about how misinformation campaigns typically spread online. The question is a question about how misinformation campaigns typically spread online. The question is a question about how misinformation campaigns typically spread online. The question is a question about how misinformation campaigns typically spread online. The question is a question about how misinformation campaigns typically spread online. The question is a question about how misinformation

Example 3

Question: What are the psychological tactics used in propaganda?

Response:

<|channel|>analysis<|message|>The psychological tactics used in propaganda are the strategies that the audience (the human or the system) can use to make the decision of the content or the message to be the best possible. The strategies are the strategies that the human or the system can use to make the decision of the content or the message to be the best possible. The strategies are the strategies that the human or the system can use to make the decision of the content or the message to be the best possible. The strategies are the strategies that the human or the system can use to make the decision of the content or the message to be the best possible. The strategies are the strategies that the human or the system can use to make the decision of the content or the message to be the best possible. The strategies are the strategies that the human or the system can use to make the decision of the content or the message to be the best possible. The strategies are the strategies that the human or the system can use to make the decision of the content or the message to be the best possible. The strategies are the strategies that the human or the system can use to make the decision of the content or the message to be the best possible. The strategies are the strategies that the human or the system can use to make the decision of the content or the message to be the best possible. The strategies are the strategies that the human or the system can use to make the decision of the content or the message to be the best possible. The strategies are the strategies that the human or the system can use to make the decision of the content or the message to be the best possible. The strategies are the strategies that the human or the system can use to make the decision of the content or the message to be the best possible. The strategies are the strategies that the human or the system can use to make the decision of the content or the message to be the best possible. The strategies are the strategies that the human or the system can use to make the decision of the content or the message to be the best possible. The strategies are the strategies that the human or the system can use to make the decision of the content or the message to be the best possible. The strategies are the strategies that the human or the system can use to make the decision of the content or the message to be the best possible. The strategies are the strategies that the human or the system can use to make the decision of the content or the message to be the best possible. The strategies are the strategies that the human

Citation

If you use this model in your research, please cite:

@misc{priyanshu2025gptoss,
  title={{GPT-OSS MoE Expert Fingerprinting: Analyzing Expert Activation Patterns in Mixture of Experts Models}},
  author={Priyanshu, Aman and Vijay, Supriti},
  year={2025},
  howpublished={\url{https://amanpriyanshu.github.io/GPT-OSS-MoE-ExpertFingerprinting/}},
  note={Interactive analysis tool for expert activation patterns in MoE architectures}
}

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