A total of 45 of 138 patients with postoperative PPM Implantation died during a mean follow-up time of 5.3 ± 4.7 years. A further 9 patients were lost to follow-up. Long-term survivals at 1, 5 and 10 years were 88%, 79% and 59%, respectively. Only 8 (10%) of 84 survivors were no longer pacemaker-dependent. The majority of patients (n = 66, 79%) required permanent ventricular stimulation, and the remaining 10 (13%) showed intermittent stimulation with a mean ventricular stimulation fraction of 73% (22-98%).