The response rate was 85% (n = 58) and 90% (n = 52) practice obstetrics. Seventy-nine percent (n = 41) use forceps in practice. The mean number of forceps performed during residency was 22.3 ± 1.3 (mean ± SE) in the any-forceps group and 18.5 ± 2.1 in the vacuums-only group (P = .14). Although the model performed only moderately (area under the curve, 0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.42-0