The charts of 256 patients with infantile esotropia were reviewed. Thirtyseven cases, with hyperopia of>or =2.50 D, no other systemic and neurologic disease, and at least 1 year of follow-up, were included in this study. The age at the start of therapy, refractive error, deviation angle, type of therapy (antiaccommodative therapy, surgery) and the presence of amblyopia, latent nystagmus, inferior oblique overaction, dissociated vertical deviation and cross-fixation were recorded for each case.