SONY Affiliate. 8.4 Validity and Enforceability Each of the Transferred Patents (excluding applications) is subsisting, and, to the Knowledge of SONY, valid and in full force and effect (except with respect to applications), and has not expired or been cancelled or abandoned. All necessary documents and certifications in connection with each Transferred Patent (excluding applications) have been filed with the relevant patent, copyright or other authorities in the United States and foreign jurisdictions, as the case may be, for the purposes of avoiding abandonment, prosecuting and maintaining of 8 Transferred Patents (excluding applications). Except for actions of the relevant jurisdiction's patent and trademark office or other government intellectual property office ("Office Actions"), SONY has not, to the Knowledge of SONY, received written notice of any pending or threatened (and at no time within the two years prior to the Effective Date has there been pending any) action before any court, governmental authority or arbitral tribunal in any jurisdiction challenging the use, ownership, validity, enforceability or registerability of any of the Transferred Patents. Rejections of pending applications before a national patent, trademark or intellectual properly office will not constitute such written notice. Except for Office Actions and broad Patent portfolio cross license agreements that SONY has signed with third parties ("Portfolio Cross Licenses"), neither SONY nor any Affiliate of SONY is, to the Knowledge of SONY, a party to any settlements, covenants not to sue, consents, decrees, stipulations, judgments or orders resulting from actions which permit third parties to use any Transferred Patents or any other SRAM Intellectual Property included in the Transferred Assets. SONY has the sole right to enforce all of the Transferred Patents and the other SRAM Intellectual Property rights of SONY included in the Transferred Assets. 8.5 Sufficiency To the Knowledge of SONY, SONY and each of